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7-Day Forecast
Fleming Island, FL 32003
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text:
Possible Duplicate:
Left shifting with a negative shift count
On a 16-bit compiler, why does
32<<-3 or
32>>-1 result in 0?
what is the major reason for such a behaviour
On a 16-bit compiler, why does
marked as duplicate by Don Roby, Denys Séguret, Daniel Fischer, nhahtdh, Alexey Frunze Jul 4 '12 at 11:16
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
From K&R:
The shift operators << and >> perform left and right shifts of their left operand by the number of bit positions given by the right operand, which must be non-negative

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Root Catalog
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2-in-1 Gruene Steamer Mop & Handheld Cleaner$119.00The Gruene Steamer Mop & Handheld Cleaner is a steam mop and handheld steamer that can be used as a steam mop and also as household steam cleaner. Learn More
CleanMax & CleanMax Pro-Series CMP 10 Pack Generic Vacuum bags$19.95CleanMax & CleanMax Pro-Series CMP 10 Pack Generic Vacuum bags Designed specifically for commercial use, they are always equal to, or exceed OEM quality Learn More
PurATron UV Sweep Replacement Belt$6.95This is the replacement belt for the PurATron UV Sweep model 2010. Belt should be replaced whenever they break, or once a year whichever comes first. Part Number A2420 (349). Learn More
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text:
140 S. Lasky Drive, Beverly Hills, CA, 90212, United States of America, 800-491-6126
Maison 140, Beverly Hills
Lowest price
Best Price Guarantee
Beverly Hills boutique hotel with bar/lounge
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 43 smoke-free guestrooms
- Breakfast available
- Bar/lounge
- Fitness center
- Self parking
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Car rentals on site
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Multilingual staff
What's around
- University of California Los Angeles (2.4 mi / 3.9 km)
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art (3 mi / 4.9 km)
- Paley Center for Media (0.6 mi / 1 km)
- Westfield Century City (0.8 mi / 1.2 km)
- Museum of Tolerance (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
Tiny, tiny rooms, but nice linens. And the staff was very pleasant. But it's dark and…
While the neighborhood in general is quite nice, my small room on the first floor looked…
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4
From 348 reviews
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $192
- Parisian Queen
- Mandarin King
- Parisian King
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 43 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Self parking *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Three Star Beverly Hills hotels
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Breakfast (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
Things to do
- Fitness facilities
- Golfing nearby
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
Working away
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
In the room
Home comforts
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Bathrobes
- Iron/ironing board
Sleep well
- Premium bedding
Things to enjoy
- In-room massage available
Freshen up
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- Cable/satellite TV channels
- DVD player
Stay connected
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- In-room safe
Top Beverly Hills hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Beverly Hills
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Nearby hotels
Maison 140, Beverly Hills's small print
Also known as
- 140 Maison
- Maison 140 Los Angeles
- Maison 140
- Maison 140 Beverly Hills
- Maison 140 Hotel
- Maison 140 Hotel Beverly Hills
- Maison 140 Hotel
- Hotel Maison 140
- Maison 140 Hotel Beverly Hills
- Hotel Maison 140 Beverly Hills
Mandatory fees
Pet deposit: USD 100 per stay
Optional extras
Self parking costs USD 28 per day
Pets are allowed for an extra charge, plus a one-time cleaning fee
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


text:
Wagram, North Carolina
|Wagram, North Carolina
Location in Scotland County and the state of North Carolina.
|Coordinates: 34°53′17″N 79°21′51″W / 34.88806°N 79.36417°WCoordinates: 34°53′17″N 79°21′51″W / 34.88806°N 79.36417°W
|United States
|North Carolina
|• Mayor
|Milton Farmer
|• Total
|1.5 sq mi (3.8 km2)
|• Land
|1.5 sq mi (3.8 km2)
|• Water
|0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
|233 ft (71 m)
|Population (2010)
|• Total
|• Density
|545.8/sq mi (210.7/km2)
|Time zone
|Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
|• Summer (DST)
|ZIP code
|Area code(s)
|FIPS code
|GNIS feature ID
Wagram is a town in Scotland County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 840 at the 2010 Census.
The Richmond Temperance and Literary Society Hall and Shaw Family Farms are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3]
Wagram is located at 34°53′17″N 79°21′51″W / 34.88806°N 79.36417°W (34.888040, -79.364051).[4]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 801 people, 307 households, and 224 families residing in the town. The population density was 545.8 people per square mile (210.4/km²). There were 361 housing units at an average density of 246.0 per square mile (94.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 45.32% White, 48.06% African American, 4.62% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 307 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the town the population was spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,583, and the median income for a family was $44,615. Males had a median income of $30,809 versus $19,107 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,089. About 14.3% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 32.6% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people[edit]
- Mary H. Odom, North Carolina state legislator and educator, lived in Wagram.[5]
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ 'North Carolina Manual 1975,' Thad Eure, North Carolina Secretary of State: 1975, Biographical Sketch of Mary H. Odom, pg. 312


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
31 year old man | Hayward, CA, USA | Seeking women 23-35 within 25 miles of Los Gatos, CA
Let's Talk
I'm a really down to Earth kind of guy. I moved to the Bay last September for graduate school and have been keeping a busy work/school schedule for the past year while trying to get ahead. Things are looking up right now, I figured now would be a great time to meet a girl. I grew up in Monterey, CA and my and I are really close. I'd gladly spend a day at the Monterey Beach I learned how to surf at, or take some time hiking in Big Sur where I learned about wilderness. Someone who is caring, kind, intelligent, and charismatic would be nice. But, someone a little corky, fun, spontaneous, sarcastic would do the trick to. I'm open to new possibilities seeing what's out there! If any of this appeals to you, don't be shy, drop me a wink or hello lets have a conversation/email. Let's have some fun!
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports
Auto racing / Motorcross, Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Football, Golf, Hockey, Other types of exercise, Running, Soccer, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Fish, Horses
I'm from Monterey, so all of my hotspots are down there, or in San Diego (where I also lived). But, I like the Fisherman's Wharf, sailing marinas, diving coves, mountain hikes, bike trails, natural history museums, & a club with a close companion
California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA
My family, the outdoors, all things aviation-related, sports, music, and Education
For fun I like to be outdoors or spend time with friends/family. I really enjoy scuba diving, being on boats, watching/playing sports, mountain biking, running, etc. When I'm indoors it's usually work-related or I'm winding down, which means I'm
New York Times: Science: Environment: DotEarth Blog
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'9" (175cms)
|4'11" (149cms) to 5'10" (177cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Yes, but trying to quit
|Never, Social Drinker, Moderately
|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
|No preference
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Currently Separated
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|English, Spanish, Other
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
San Francisco Leads in Out-Fit Challenge Contest to Choose 2014 LGBT Event Destination
First ever LGBT Mud Run, Out-Fit Challenge (www.out-fitchallenge.com), has kicked off this fall by opening a voting-based contest (www.out-fitchallenge.com/events), giving the public the power to decide on their next event destinations for 2014. The contest will run for 45 days, beginning October 2, 2013 and ending November 15, 2013. Voters can choose from 12 major cities to hold 2014 events, which include San Francisco, Miami, Dallas, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Boston, Houston, Seattle, Philadelphia, and Atlanta. At the conclusion of the contest, Out-Fit Challenge will select the top cities they will visit in 2014, based on the amount of popular votes and the amount of dollars raised per city.
"Given the breakout success of our 2013 events, we have been bombarded with requests to hold the next Out-Fit Challenge event in various cities across the nation," states founder and CEO of Out-Fit Challenge, Tory Fitzgerald. "As much as we'd love to bring Out-Fit Challenge to everyone, we decided to leave such a difficult decision to the public. We wanted to give our supporters an opportunity to have a voice in our planning process, and we cannot wait to see which cities will be the winning ones."
Those interested in participating in the contest can decide to vote with or without a donation that would go toward their ticket price. For those choosing to vote with a donation, the funds will be applied to the purchase of a discounted participant ticket, which is currently priced at $55 each. A donation of five dollars will grant a 15 percent discount, a $35 donation will grant one ticket, and a donation of $75 will grant two tickets with an exclusive Facebook shout out. The winning cities will be announced during the month of November 2013.
Apart from putting together nationwide race events, the organization supports national and local charities that are making a significant difference in the lives of LGBT individuals across the nation such as Family Equality Council, Care Resource and the Ali Forney Center. Out-Fit Challenge has been featured in various publications such as Curve Magazine, Timeout New York, Ikons Magazine, Next, the Advocate, Dot 429, and many more.
For more information on Out-Fit Challenge or to register to vote, visit www.out-fitchallenge.com/events.
About Out-Fit Challenge: Out-Fit Challenge is designed by and for members and friends of the LGBT community who aspire to compete, make new connections, and celebrate community via outdoor endurance sports. The company provides proceeds from every event to a national and local organization that strives to make a difference for LGBT individuals.
About Author
- Casting Roundup: Sarah Chalke, Kim Raver Headline New Pilots
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- Pilot Season Roundup: Colm Feore, Daniel Stern, Dave Annable to Star in New Shows
- James Franco to Star in New Fox Comedy, WHY HIM?
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- Grammy Winner Kelly Clarkson Exclusively Premieres New Music from New Album on MTV, VH1 & CMT First
- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


text:
Collaboration space object model provides for a place consisting of rooms created by users interacting with a client browser. A skin (i.e., theme) may be used as template for creating places. PlaceBots (i.e., agents) provide for accessing, processing and managing data in a place. HTML may be dragged and dropped into a place, where it is parsed and corresponding place fields created. MS Excel or Word documents may be dragged and dropped into a place, which creates a corresponding form, and users may create new documents using that form. A place type comprising a template of an entire place, or collaboration space, may be used to create new places. Changes made to a place may be reported, subject to security controls, by selecting what's new. Task fields are provided allowing web browser creation of forms for work flow. Place enabled objects are provided for synchronous communications.
1. Method for managing collaboration space, comprising the steps of:
receiving a request from a user of collaboration space at a browser for a report of changes made to objects within a place within said collaboration space said objects including a place represented by a file system directory, a plurality of rooms each comprising a data base, and plurality of members notes, with a unique member note associated with each said room specifying users authorized to access data within said room and scope of authorized access;
responsive to said request, selectively upon demand or upon schedule, displaying to said user a report of changes made to said objects within said place which said user is authorized to access.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
maintaining said collaboration space as a collection of rooms, each room being implemented as a database;
associating a view with each said database;
associating a folder with each said view;
periodically or upon demand, copying said view to said folder; and
generating said report by opening and displaying contents of said folder.
6. The method of
applying access control list security to filter said contents for said user; and
generating from filtered contents of said folder a display for reporting what's new to said user.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. A method for managing a collaboration space, comprising the steps of:
providing users of said collaboration space a report of events and happenings entered to objects throughout a place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed said objects including said place represented by a file system directory, a plurality of rooms each comprising a data base, and a plurality members notes, with a unique member note associated with each said room specifying users authorized to access data within said room and scope of authorized access; and
providing said report selectively upon user request or in accordance with a schedule for said objects to which said user is authorized access within said place.
10. The method of
receiving a request from a user entered to said collaboration space by selecting a place.
11. The method of
receiving a request from a user entered to said collaboration space by selecting an e-mail component at a browser user interface.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
responsive to room manager selection, configuring a newsletter selectively to include e-mail, each part of its contents, its frequency and members of said room to receive said newsletter; and
enabling each said member to accept or disabled said e-mail.
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. System for managing collaboration space, comprising:
a browser for generating a user request for changes made to objects within a place within collaboration space, said objects including a place represented by a file system directory, a plurality of rooms each comprising a data base, and a plurality of members notes, with a unique member note associated with each said room specifying users authorized to access data within said room and scope of authorized access;
a display responsive to said user request, selectively upon demand or upon schedule, for displaying to said user a report of changes made to objects within said place which said user is authorized to access.
25. The system of
said collaboration space being a collection of rooms, each room implemented as a database;
a view associated with each said database;
a folder associated with each said view for receiving a copy of said view periodically or upon demand; and
said report being generated by opening and displaying contents of said folder.
26. The system of
27. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a machine to perform method steps for managing collaboration space, said method steps comprising:
receiving a request from a user of collaboration space at a browser for a report of changes made to a place within said collaboration space, said objects including a place represented by a file system directory, a plurality of rooms each comprising a data base, and plurality of members notes, with a unique member note associated with each said room specifying users authorized to access data within said room and scope authorized access;
responsive to said request, selectively upon demand or upon schedule, displaying to said user a report of changes made to objects within said place which said user is authorized to access.
28. The program storage device of
maintaining said collaboration space as a collection of rooms, each room being implemented as a database;
associating a view with each said database;
associating a folder with each said view;
periodically or upon demand, copying said view to said folder; and
generating said report by opening and displaying contents of said folder.
29. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a machine to perform method steps for managing collaboration space, said method steps comprising:
providing users of said collaboration space a report of events and happenings entered to objects throughout a place that are of current interest and with respect to each respective object within said place to which said user is authorized by membership and scope, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed said objects including said place represented by a file system directory, a plurality of rooms each comprising a data base; and
providing said report selectively upon user request or in accordance with a schedule.
The following U.S. patent applications, filed concurrently herewith, are assigned to the same assignee hereof and contain subject matter related to the subject matter of the present application.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,120, entitled "Method and System for Creating a Theme of a Place to be Used as a Template for Other Places";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,115, entitled "Method and System for Automatically Accessing, Processing, and Managing the Data In a Place";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,121, entitled "Method and System for Importing HTML Forms";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,172, entitled "Method and System for Importing MS Office Forms";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,942, entitled "Method and System for Creating a Place Type to Be Used as a Template for Other Places";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,961, entitled "Method and System for Providing Task Information in a Place";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,745, entitled "Method and System for Providing Synchronous Communication and Person Awareness In a Place";
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,962, entitled "Method and System for Providing a Separate Browser Window With Information From the Main Window In a Simpler Format"; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/752,935, entitled "Method and System for Allowing In Place Editing of Office Documents In a Place". The present application is also an improvement upon the following copending, previously filed applications, assigned to the same assignee:
Ser. No. 09/473,745 filed Dec. 28, 1999, entitled "System and Method for Interconnecting Secure Rooms";
Ser. No. 09/473,630 filed Dec. 28, 1999, entitled "System and Method for Dynamic Management of Web Site";
Ser. No. 09/473,640 filed Dec. 28, 1999, entitled "System and Method for Presentation of Room Navigation";
Ser. No. 09/473,098 filed Dec. 28, 1999, entitled "System and Method for Independent Room Security Management";
Ser. No. 09/477,477 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Dynamically Generating viewable graphics";
Ser. No. 09/477,471 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Dynamic Browser Management of Web Site";
Ser. No. 09/477,474 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Room Decoration and Inheritance";
Ser. No. 09/477,469 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Online/Off line Uninterrupted Updating of Rooms in Collaboration Space";
Ser. No. 09/477,473 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Client Replication of Collaboration Space";
Ser. No. 09/477,476 filed Jan. 4, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Browser Creation and Maintenance of Forms"; and
Ser. No. 09/478,238 filed Jan. 4, 2000., entitled "System and Method for Browser Definition of Workflow Documents";
The above-identified patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to web technology. More particularly, it relates to the creation and use of collaboration sites on the Internet or on an Intranet client/server system and to the graphical user interface used in Internet communications.
2. Background Art
The Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) provide intra-enterprise connectivity, inter-enterprise connectivity and application hosting on a larger scale than ever before. By exploiting the broadly available and deployed standards of the Internet and the WWW, system users and designers can leverage a single architecture to build client/server applications for internal use that can reach outside to customers, business partners and suppliers.
Collaboration requires simultaneous communication between individuals on a project team. Typically, this has required that the team members work in the same location. Phone and video conferencing has enabled some remote work on the part of team members. Also, because of the growth of the Internet, collaboration using web technologies has been attempted, primarily using electronic mail (E-mail), Internet chat rooms, electronic whiteboards, and conferencing software. The most useful has been E-mail, but this approach results in a large trail or thread of notes as collaboration on a project advances, and these notes have no home or place to reside which is accessible by all team members substantially instantaneously and simultaneously. People often enter such a thread at different points, and such threads are not efficient in coordinating the work of many different people on a team which may include in-house developers and others, such as remote contractors, outside of an enterprise's firewall.
In order for such disperse teams to have the same, or substantially the same, collaboration environment as individuals working in the same physical office, a system is required which facilitates instant messaging, voice conferencing, electronic white boarding, and text and non-text file exchange. Such a system needs to provide a collaborative electronic room, or space, which is easily configured for use by team members without substantial administrative or application development support, and preferably include both groupware and project oriented applications such as shared folders, file exchange, workflow, group calendars, threaded conversations, version control, file locking, file merging, and security.
There is a need in the art for such a system which is easy to set up and which enables diverse and remote teams to become immediately productive in a secure environment. It would be, further, most desirable to allow such a collaborative environment to be set up without administrative support, that is by members of the team itself, using a familiar and easy to use browser user interface. Members of the team, acting with manager or author authority, and using such a browser interface without involving administrative or application development support, need to be able to set up a folder or room for each project element, such as a source code component, with version control, workflow elements, and group calendaring for tracking the project or project element with respect to approvals and deadlines. Such a room needs to receive from team members reports and have them routed to appropriate team members for review, resolution, and approval.
The WWW is a collection of servers on an IP (Internet Protocol) network, such as the Internet, an Intranet or an Extranet, that utilize the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Hereinafter, "Internet" 100 will be used to refer to any IP network.
HTTP is a known application protocol that provides users with access to files, which can be in different formats, such as text, graphics, images, sound, and video, using a standard page description language known as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Among a number of basic document formatting functions, HTML allows software developers to specify graphical pointers on displayed web pages, commonly referred to as "hyperlinks," that point to other web pages resident on remote servers. Hyperlinks commonly are displayed as highlighted text or other graphical image on the web page. Selection of a hyperlink with a pointing device, such as a computer mouse, causes the local computer to download the HTML associated with the web page from a remote server. The browser then renders the HTML into the displayed web page.
Web pages accessed over the Internet, whether by a hyperlink, opening directly via an "open" button in the browser, or some other means, are commonly downloaded into the volatile cache of a local computer system. In a computer system, for example, the volatile cache is a high-speed buffer that temporarily stores web pages from accessed remote web sites. The volatile cache thus enables a user to quickly review web pages that were already downloaded, thereby eliminating the need to repeat the relatively slow process of traversing the Internet to access previously viewed web pages. This is called local caching.
It is a characteristic of busy collaboration spaces that many things are happening in different rooms, and it isn't obvious what those things are. There is a need for a system and method for providing users of collaboration space knowledge of events and happenings throughout the place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed.
It is an object of the invention to provide a collaboration space application model for creating web applications that are aesthetically pleasing and present the user with a simple interface.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for creating web applications that are instantly created, instantly archived, team and project oriented, easy to use, created, accessed and administered via the Web, reusable, and extensible.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a system and method for presenting users of collaboration space knowledge of events and happenings throughout a place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed.
A method and system is provided for managing collaboration space by providing users of the collaboration space a report of events and happenings throughout a place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed; and providing the report to a user interface selectively upon user request or in accordance with a schedule.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product configured to be operable managing collaboration space by providing users of the collaboration space a report of events and happenings throughout a place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed; and providing that report selectively upon user request or in accordance with a schedule.
Other features and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a typical server/client system implementing the collaboration space of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of various server and client components implementing the collaboration space of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic map illustrating Domino objects relating to the object model of the collaboration space of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic map of the object model implementing the collaboration space of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates the components of a collaboration space user interface.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart representation of generation of collaboration space data objects.
FIG. 7 illustrates a typical collaboration space user interface.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a directory structure, along with the files in an exemplary collaboration space server.
FIGS. 9-10 are schematic representations of a user interface illustrating quick browse.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart representation of quick browse and what's new.
FIGS. 12-13 are schematic representations of user interfaces implementing chat.
FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating quick-browse implemented as a remote control user interface mechanism.
Referring to FIG. 1, a broad overview of a system implementing the collaboration space technology of an exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention is presented.
Server 100 includes a Domino server 104, HTTP server 106, QuickPlace extensions 108, and open storage 130. Client 102 includes a QuickPlace user interface 110 and browser 112.
QuickPlace open storage 130 includes all the databases and templates that implement the collaboration space. Domino 132 and active directory 134 define the collaboration process. The user interfaces with the system through browser 112. NSF agents 114, 116, Java 118 and LotusScript 120 represent components and templates downloaded from server 100 in support of collaboration space at client 102. All the extensions 108 are keyed off the URL, as will be further explained hereafter.
Notes API 136, Notes designer 138 and client 140, external applications 142, including Java agents 144 and LotusScript 146, are located off of open storage 130. Open storage 130 is storage where a document can be communicated, such that external applications 142 may manipulate it. QuickPlaces, pages, folders, can be created and changed, and data 148 can be imported and exported, using agents in Java 144 or LotusScript 146.
QuickPlace is primarily concerned with representing the collaboration space. Consequently, designers and consultants are able to integrate into that space custom features and data from other applications. HTML forms 122, written using an HTML editor 124, skins 248 (HTML 244 and QP tags), external files written using Java 118, and MS office documents 250 from MS office 228, may be imported to server 100 by dragging and dropping 111 from local storage 502 into an upload control panel 240 in browser 112.
An alternate client 126 and encapsulated place types 128 may be provided from which other spaces 129 can be created that take advantage of the QuickPlace storage model, providing functionality which can be manipulated using browser 112, including the integration of external technology providing opportunity for deep customization.
Referring to FIG. 2, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, several components comprise QuickPlace server 100 and client 102.
QuickPlace is built on top of the Domino server 104. In the case of a stand alone installation, a subset of the Domino server is installed. Server 100 also includes HTTP server 106, or the optional MS IIS server 150. QuickPlace extension 108 is where we built most of the collaboration space implementing code exists the server 100. Server 100 also includes a spell checker 152 and a text to GIF converter (Limerick).
Client 102 includes rich text edit control 162, and applet 164 with which to apply various attributes and is a key component of the QuickPlace experience. Upload control 166 is used to attach and upload files, such as bringing in an agent and uploading it to a place. This is also used to bring in an imported HTML form or a different skin. Upload control is implemented to allow ease of use via drag and drop. Java script 118 includes code downloaded to the client to complete the generation of HTML pages.
Referring to FIG. 3, the collaboration space of the preferred embodiment of the invention, referred to as QuickPlace, is implemented with an object model which comprises very few objects, very few concepts in order to make it easy to build and manage. And the fewer concepts, the better.
Referring to FIG. 3, the object model is independent of its implementation. There exists a place 172 that has rooms 174, and there are pages 182 in those rooms. And then there are members 190 of the place. Those four objects 172, 174, 182 and 190 are the primary objects.
Folders 176 add more complexity to the model, but bring a lot of benefit as well. Pages 182 are organized within folders. Two further objects are primarily visible to the designer of the place. And these are forms 178 and fields 180.
Place type 196 is a more advanced object, and is an object from which a place 172 is created. Place type 196 represents the foundation for building true collaborative applications. Everything created in building collaboration space is done in a place 172. Once such a place is created, it can be made a template 266 and copied as a place type 196. Once it becomes a place type 196, it is available for use by others for building additional places 172 that include the format, look and feel, and other characteristics of the original place.
Room type 198 is an object provided for creating rooms 174 which are of a given type.
The last two objects illustrated in FIG. 3 are skins 200 and PlaceBots 184. Skins 200 control everything about the user interface, including layout and style. Layout defines the positioning of components on the screen. A skin provides the layout, and look and feel of a QuickPlace. Layout refers to the positioning of components on a page, and which to include. Referring to FIG. 5, the components of a page 340 include logo 342, table of contents (TOC) 346, actions 344, tools 348 and page content 350. Style defines the form and colors of those components. A PlaceBot 184 is an enhanced agent, enhanced in the sense that it enables the use of Java or Lotus Notes or equivalent text editors. Once written using such an editor, and uploaded to a place 172, the server compiles the PlaceBot into an agent, reporting any errors. The agent resulting from a compiled PlaceBot can be scheduled to run at certain times, or upon opening a form. That is, the PlaceBot may be associated with a form, such as a sales order which, when opened, will cause the agent to execute. Thus, PlaceBots 184 are an essential part of building collaboration applications, for they are the primary repository for custom logic.
Referring further to FIG. 3, a preferred implementation of the object model heretofore described uses Lotus Notes/Domino concepts and objects. Thus, Notes/Domino file system directory 202 represents place 172; database 204 represents room 174; folder view 206 represents folder 176; pages 182, members 190, forms 178, fields 180 and skins 200 are represented by notes 208, 210, 212, 214, 220, respectively.
Place 172 is represented as a file system directory. So whenever a place called Acme is created, a file system directory 202 called Acme will be instantiated. Within that directory 202, there are a number of objects. Each room 174 is a Notes database 204. Folders 176 are implemented as Notes folders or views 206 depending on what's more convenient for the particular folder.
Pages 182 are a combination of data notes, forms and sub-forms 208. A member 190 is a data note 190 in a context room 174. Forms 178 and fields 180 are data notes. Place type 196 is a directory* 216 that contains all the rooms 174 that make up that place type. A room type 198 is a template 218. Skins 200 are a note 220 and PlaceBot 184 is an agent 222.
Developers familiar with the Domino Object Model (Domino OM) will be able to leverage their existing skills when developing on the QuickPlace platform. "PlaceBots" for example are actually implement Domino Agents, and it is possible to create and test them on Domino Databases. Within the QuickPlace object model (OM), however, there are some divergences from the Domino OM. For example, QuickPlace forms 178 are not the same as Domino Forms. QuickPlace forms more closely resemble Domino Documents, because they are created using a Domino form, and contain a Domino text field with a value of "h_Form". The value of "h_form" tells QuickPlace that this Domino document should be rendered in a browser as a QuickPlace form 178.
This structure provides flexibility for Web applications with less complexity than if Domino Forms were used. For example, in a default QuickPlace, a user can create a new QuickPlace form 178. The user chooses which fields to include in form 178, in what order they should appear and what text and or graphics should appear near them. To create this sort of instant structure on the Web using Domino Forms would be very complex indeed. QuickPlace has extended this concept of being able to use HTML to define forms 178 by enabling the creation of custom QuickPlace forms using imported HTML 122. These Forms not only make use of Web authoring technologies such as JavaScript, but also have the back end support of Domino. This back end logic is implemented via tools such as PlaceBots (Domino Agents) 184. This means that forms 178 have the ability to not only to define the look and feel of visible parts of an application, they also have the potential to initiate workflow and many other powerful automated features.
Referring to FIG. 4, this object model is further described. FIG. 4 illustrates selected QuickPlace objects, the directory structure and how Objects relate to each other within the hierarchy. This model provides a visual representation of the containment and association between objects.
The highest level of the model is the QuickPlace Server 170. Within server 170 are all of the QuickPlaces 172 as well as the resources they access to finally render Web applications.
This FIG. 4 displays the Model focusing on QuickPlaces. The following explanation, written from a programmers perspective, describes each of the objects of the model and they can be accessed in an application.
QuickPlace uses notes for many of its objects 182, 190, 178, 180 and 200, so that objects in the Place can be organized more easily. Table 1 sets forth the QP objects and their Notes/Domino equivalents. As an example of how design Notes are implemented consider the Table Of Contents (TOC). The Table Of Contents is a list of pages, folders and tools such as the Customize Area. Domino Folders may be listed using a link document, or Note.
QuickPlace Server 170 is a file directory containing all Places and Resources. The Domino equivalent is a file directory 202 named "quickplace". This identifies the main folder 176 for a QuickPlace server 170. If the QPServer 170 is running as a stand alone, this folder will be in the QuickPlace data folder. For example
If the QPServer 170 is running on top of a Domino server the folder will be the Domino Data folder. For example
To locate QuickPlace Server 170 in PlaceBots and get access to all of its databases, a LotusScript method GetDbServer is executed together with a test that the Path to databases starts with "QuickPlace".
Place object 172 is a directory in the "QuickPlace" directory grouping resources for a Place. The Domino equivalent is a file directory bearing the name of the QuickPlace. Place object 172 is a directory that brings together a Place for organizational purposes. It also identifies the NSFs 114 as belonging to the place 172 by bearing the name of the QuickPlace. As distinguished from a place object 172, the main room 174 in a QuickPlace is a database called Main.nsf. Place object 172 groups and identifies the Main.nsf resources for the Place and any subrooms 194 in the Place. Place object 172 contains several files. There is a Main.nsf, Contacts1.nsf and a Search.nsf file. If the QuickPlace has a Subroom 194 there will also be an NSF file with its name starting with "PageLibrary". Each of these page library files is a Room 174.
The place object in PlaceBots 184: place object (directory) 172, contains the databases which form a place. When writing PlaceBots, one can search for this directory by using the name of the QuickPlace. In this directory will be found all the databases will belong to that place 172. This file directory's name is the name of the QuickPlace. For example, if the QuickPlace is called "Millennia", this directory has the following path within the QuickPlace server 170:
To find the place object 172 for the Millennia Place in LotusScript the script procedure of Table 2 may be used:
Room object 174 is the main container for a Place, containing a collection of pages and tools. The Domino Equivalent an NSF Database. The room 174 is the main container for a QuickPlace's content. For example, when using the Millennia Place, most of what is seen is contained in the Room object. The Room object is always called Main.nsf, and holds folders 176 and pages 182 for the QuickPlace, as well as managing links to any subrooms 194 in the place object 172. Room object 174 uses elements held in other databases. For example many of the standard images QuickPlace displays are in a resources object (not shown). Each room 174 has its own security and authentication, and the information required to do this is contained in databases such as Contacts1.nsf. A room 174 breaks down a place 172 into smaller areas to help define structure. Each room 174 has its own security and authentication. This allows separate user groups. It also means that subrooms 194 can be created for separate projects, forming a separate shared space. The room object 174 then forms a common entry point where shared resources can be stored.
The room object in PlaceBots: to locate a room 174, one looks in the main QuickPlace Server 170 directory, then looks into the room object (a directory bearing the name of the QuickPlace), then looks for a database called "Main.nsf".
Returning to previous LotusScript example of locating a Place 172 (Table 2), the match string can be extended from
"quickplace\millennia" to
to find the room object 174, as set forth in Table 3.
To access elements contained in a room 174, the views and folders 176 in the room are accessed. For example to find the elements visible in the Table Of Contents (TOC), the "h_TOC" view is used.
The Room object 174 in HTML is visible in URLs as the "main.nsf". To access room object 174 most easily, a relative path is used from the current object if it is in the same Place 172. For example, when creating a URL link from a subroom 194 to a room 174, the URL begins as follows:
<a href="././Main.nsf/
where the "dot dot slash dot dot slash" syntax is a part of the URL, not an abbreviation for this example. Using this relative URL makes the URL more robust. In other words, this URL can be used to find the (Main.nsf) room 174 for any place 172.
Room fields 180 used to define rooms 174 are set forth in Table 4.
A folder object 176 is an object for indexing content, grouping related pages 182, and dividing a room 174 into sections without imposing new security. The Domino equivalent is Notes folder or view 206, and Notes folders 206 have three functions. For the user, they provide a logical grouping of related documents. This makes it easier for the user to find documents, and allows people with a shared interest to work an area of a QuickPlace. The other way of using folders is in the user interface, or "User" folders. Within user folders there are seven different types:
1. Standard List
2. Headline
3. Slide Show
4. Response List
5. Ordered List
6. Table Of Contents
7. Index
Folder types 1 to 5 are all available as styles for new, custom folders. From the a site manager's perspective, a Folder allows a QuickPlace to be divided into areas for separate groups of people, without having to be concerned about access control which would be necessary if a Subroom 194 were used.
Fields Include the Following:
"h_LastAttachmentDirectory": used when getting attachments. This field enables users to quickly upload attachments. For example, each time a Layout file is uploaded, QuickPlace knows where to go looking for the file. This path information is sourced from this field.
"h_DirtyAesthetics Number": indicates which items should be checked (once a part of the aesthetics has been tweaked, a check mark indicates that the part has been changed).
h_AreaHasAesthetics: indicates if a Room has its own aesthetic settings enabled. If the field value is "1" the Room has had the aesthetics tweaked.
The third way that folders 176 are used is to allow developers to locate elements in a QuickPlace. To a developer, folders are indexes that allow look ups, therefore giving programmatic access to elements.
When any page renders in a Browser, the time it takes to render is directly dependant on the amount of information to be downloaded. The amount of information required to render a Folder is less than for a Page. When Pages appear in Edit mode, there is yet more information required to render it. Therefore, the quickest load time for a QuickPlace by first using a folder 176 as the first page the user sees when upon selecting a place. Once users have visited a folder 176, a subset of the resources used to render a page 182 will already have been downloaded. The folders used by developers are slightly different to than the folders users would use. The h_Index lists the published pages in the Place and appears as the standard index of a Place, and the h_TOC is the table of contents list.
Some of the folders in look ups by developers are set forth in Table 5.
The Place Object in PlaceBots: Internally, default QuickPlace Folders have readable titles. For example the response folder discussion" has the internal name of "h_Discussion" in the "h_SysName" field. A new response list style folder is called "SchwatzRaum" ("chat room" in German). The internal name of the SchwatzRaum Folder is: "h_F49791727035ACD1C12569510063087C" (which means ("h_F49791727035ACD1C12569510063087C" in German). This unique identifier can be used in PlaceBots to locate the Folder. A lookup can be done in the "h_Folders" view of a QuickPlace to find the readable name of the folder. Another solution is to retrieve the name of the field by accessing the value in the h_SysName field. The Table of contents and the Index are special user Folders 176. Only one TOC and one h_Index exists per Room 174 or Subroom 194. They exist from the moment the Place or Room is instantiate, and change them.
The following Fields are used to define data notes that render as Folders. Folders exist in a visible form within a QuickPlace. In other words they can be viewed by opening the NSF file in the Notes Client or Domino Designer. In conjunction with this view, a data note exists, providing information about that Domino View or Folder. Table 6 lists the fields are contained in the data note and provide information about the Domino View or Folder.
A form object 178 is a document used to create new QuickPlace content. The Domino equivalent is a data note of type "h_Form". Form object 178 is a resource used to create, manage and display content, therefore defining the schema of the application. Forms contain fields to hold data, therefore creating and displaying content. Forms can also contain scripts within them to provide logic within the Page. For example, a form can contain form validation to make sure that a field contains only numbers. Forms can also initiate processes outside the page. This is done by creating a PlaceBot 184 and associating the PlaceBot with a Form 178. PlaceBots 184 are not contained by the Form but there is a association between them.
Forms are created with the Domino Form "h_PageUI" with the field h_Type set to "h_Form". New forms 178 with custom structure and logic can be created by room managers.
Table 7 sets forth the fields 180 used to define the structure of a form 178.
Field object 180 is used to construct (HTML formatted) input fields in forms 178. The Domino equivalent is a Data note of type "h_Field". Fields are constructed from the Domino Form "h_PageUI" with a the field h_Type set to "h_Field".
QuickPlace field object 180 defines the structure of the container, not the content. The values contained in a page 182 are contained by the page, not the fields 180. The h_FieldType attribute to a field 180 determines what sort of field it is. This determines what the field will do when it is rendered in a browser. For example, a field 180 of type h_DateControl will provide the user with a date picker widget.
Domino fields are used to define the attributes of QuickPlace fields 180 are set forth in Table 8. QuickPlace fields 180 are drawn to the screen as HTML, they are not created by a Domino Field in a Domino Form.
Page object 182 is a basic building block for content. The Domino equivalent is a data note, form and subform. Pages form the basic units of content, relying on the structure of QuickPlace to create, manage and render them in a Web browser. It differentiates structure and content cleanly. Notes structural elements such as Forms Views and so on provide structure, whereas Notes Documents provide pure data content. In the Domino environment the division between structure and content becomes blurred. This is because when the data in a document is being represented in a Web browser, it is possible to use the data to format itself using HTML. The data is able to start defining structure by creating HTML links, tables, references to images and so on. In the QuickPlace OM, the same is true. Pages can be created in a number of ways. Table 9 sets forth the fields used for defining page objects.
The PageBody Field holds the main content or "body" of the page.
Table 10 sets forth the fields 180 used to define page 182 documents in QuickPlaces.
The JavaScript "document.write" method is used when using the PageBody to write out HTML content in a QuickPlace page. This field can be printed onto the screen via a document.write(PageBody) method called in a QuickPlace document. The following is an example of using this technique.
In a Placebot, write the contents of the document into the PageBody field. If the PlaceBot has not run, or not run correctly, the PageBody field will be empty. If the document is displayed in a form where the PageBody JavaScript variable is not declared, an error will be reported. To avoid an error through an undefined variable, use the "typeof" operator. This test assigns a message string to the sPageBodyMessage variable and prints that instead of the PageBody. To customize this message, the text in quoted on the PageBodyMessage line is changed. Then the following is included in the HTML document:
Page Object in HTML: some of the most commonly referenced JavaScript variables in Pages are set forth in Table 11.
Using Notes name format in pages can be done with the following JavaScript Function:
This JavaScript will return the string "Doug Mudge"
A PlaceBot object 184 is a Java or LotusScript Domino Agent, used to create or manipulate QuickPlace objects automatically. Domino Equivalent: Domino Agent.
For Java and LotusScript programmers, the PlaceBot is the main way of implementing sophisticated functionality to a QuickPlace. Within the bounds of an HTML document, industry standard authoring tools such as HTML are used. To make links between Objects and manipulate QuickPlace Objects, PlaceBots are used.
A theme object 186 is a group of files which defines the look and feel of a QuickPlace. The Domino equivalent is a group of data notes.
Themes are a mechanism for determining the layout and appearance of a QuickPlace. They also help introduce functionality, and although not their primary function, some content. There are two types of themes 186 in QuickPlace. User defined or custom themes" and default Themes.
The subroom theme object 188 is a subset of themes 186 in a QuickPlace. The Domino equivalent is a data note. By default, subrooms 194 inherit the theme 186 being used by the (main) room 174. Only when the theme being used in the subroom 194 has been modified, does it act independently of the room 174.
A member object 190 is a data note listing a user in the Contacts1.nsf. The Domino equivalent is a note in contacts1.nsf. Members 190 are records specifying user-access to a room 174. A member note contains information about a team member of a QuickPlace. In addition to this data, the member must be listed in the access control list (ACL) of main.nsf and in a group in names.nsf to pass authentication.
Table 12 sets forth the fields 180 used to define members 190.
Table 13 sets forth the fields 180 used to define Groups.
A subroom member object 192 is a subset of entries in the main room 174 of a QuickPlace. The Domino equivalent is a Data note in contacts1.nsf. Subroom member 192 has a similar structure to a room member 174, but specifies user-access to the SubRoom. These SubRoom members 192 are a subset of the (main) room 174 members list. This means that to grant access to new users, they must first be added as readers (or greater) in the main room 174.
A subroom object 194 is a container within a QuickPlace with separate security to main Room. The Domino equivalent is an NSF Database. Subrooms 194 are similar in structure to Rooms and are used to create discreet meeting places for subset of the Members in a Place.
The subroom object in PlaceBots: To locate a room, look in the main QuickPlace Server directory, then look into the Place Object (a directory bearing the name of the QuickPlace). The Subroom will be named "PageLibrary" followed by a 16 digit hexadecimal time stamp number, such as "0123456789ABCDEF" then the ".nsf" suffix. By way of example, the following script looks for a Subroom to the Millennia place:
The Instr method has been used to look for this database, down to the PageLibrary part of the string, because it is difficult to know what the 16 digit number will be.
Page Object in HTML: To create URLs to reference Subrooms, the URL is built in the Main Room using either the "h_Area" view or the "h_TOC" view to create the path. This View contains the "h_LocDbName" field as the first sorted column.
A resources object (not shown) is database of shared resources, having as its Domino equivalent NSF Database. It serves as a centralized container for resources required in all QuickPlaces on a server. Images, layout files and fonts are stored in this database. For example resources such as the button that appears beside the simple search image "Go.gif" is stored in this database. The easiest way to find items in this database is by scrolling through the h_SystemNameView. A dummy form may be used to view such elements.
In Tables 14 through 18, fields and JavaScript variables in the h_PageUI form are set forth. These include general fields which can be customized for each layout, fields to define publishing status, fields for defining locations, fields for defining security, fields for defining workflow status, fields for defining calendars, respectively.
System objects have special meaning depending on the type of object. The following tables describe fields in various QuickPlace Object types.
Building URLs in a QuickPlace is an important issue, due to the fact that QuickPlace is a browser based application. Understanding QuickPlace URLs is also a good way of understanding the object hierarchy in QuickPlace. The relationship between URLs and the QuickPlace Object model flows in both directions. Understanding the structure of URLs helps understanding the QuickPlace Object model. Conversely, once the QuickPlace object model is understood, how to use URLs to manipulate a QuickPlace becomes apparent.
URLs in QuickPlace use the same structure as in Domino. Domino URLs allow locating documents by using the key value of the first sorted column of a view, then generate a URL to link to a document using this key. Once the documents are located, they are not always opened in the browser. Sometimes they are read and their contents exposed and used by other objects.
View: is the name of the view. To access a document regardless of the view, substitute a zero (0) for the view name and specify the document by its universal ID.
Key: is the string, or key, that appears in the first sorted or categorized column of the view. If the key has spaces in it, substitute these for plus signs when creating a URL.
This syntax is used to open, edit, or delete documents and to open attached files. Domino returns the first document in the view whose column key exactly matches the Key. There may be more than one matching document; Domino always returns the first match. The key must match completely for Domino to return the document. However, the match is not case-sensitive or accent-sensitive.
DominoURLCommand: Is the instruction to Domino of what to do with the file when found. For example, ?OpenDocument, ?EditDocument and ?DeleteDocument.
If this DominoURLCommand is omitted a default will be substituted. For example, in the previous URL if the OpenDocument argument is omitted in a URL command the document will still open because the command is automatically interpreted as OpenDocument.
The structure of URLs in a QuickPlace is the same as in any Domino database. QuickPlace objects are quite often referred to via relative URLs. For example, to reference a page that has been created, the following syntax is used:
Where: "././" section at the front of the URL creates a relative URL, is interpreted by the Domino server as referring to the parent objects of the current object (h_View and PageName).
http://www.mercury.com/register.nsf/Registered+Users/Ja y+Street?OpenDocument
Many QuickPlace objects in QuickPlace have internal names beginning with "h_". This is refers to the internal name of QuickPlace which is "Haiku". To reference images, JavaScript library files or files other than pages, the following syntax can be used . . .
././h_Index/Document+Name/$File/Imagename.gif? OpenElement
Or . . .
././h_Index/Document+Name/$File/ScriptLibName.js?Open Element
Many objects in QuickPlace can be located via the h_Index View. It contains links to many of the published objects in a QuickPlace. When referencing a JavaScript file the ?OpenElement argument is used. This is to tell Domino that the file being accessed is not a page to open, which is the default action.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a user can at any given time inquire of QuickPlace what has been changed, such as membership, pages, and so forth, and receive a report with respect to those aspects the user is authorized to access.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, integrated with QuickPlace are synchronous based communications allowing users to identify and communicate directly with other users visiting the same place.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, selection of quick browse opens a new window and creates a set a links to control the main window without losing the context. Context appears in a separate window in a simpler HTML format. Selection of an item in that separate window, causes the page or room (if link is to a room) to be displayed in the main window. QuickBrowse is a window that can be popped up by clicking a remote control icon in search results and in whatsnew. It enables users to browse links generated by these functions in a random-access order. When the user clicks a link in the quickbrowse window, the main window is reloaded with the target page. This is distinguished from Quick search, which is the search field and green button that is embedded in QuickPlaces like in most web sites, so that users can enter a search term and perform a search in a single click—i.e., without first having to go to a special search page.
Each theme is composed of a group of layouts that define the appearance of specific QuickPlace components. For example, the layout for a page differs from the layout of a folder, but they will probably share some style elements as part of a common theme. Table 19 sets forth the layouts and style sheet of a QuickPlace theme.
In most cases, a single theme can be used to customize the look of page, list folder, and slideshow folder. Additonally, JPEG or GIF graphic files can be imported to represent a theme in the Custom Theme Gallery.
Table 20 shows the components that can be customized for each layout.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a QuickPlace theme is customized by beginning with the theme closest to what is desired, extracting the HTML source files for the theme, customizing them, and uploading the modified files as a custom theme.
Referring to FIG. 12, a typical QuickPlace user interface 370 includes a sidebar (TOC) 372, page title 374, author and modified field 376, actions bar 378, logo 380, path 382, page content 400, and actions buttons, such as quick search 384, advanced search 386, whatsnew 388, chat 390, notify 392, print 394, tutorial 396 and help 398. Each of these is customized by using tags or selectors which deal with borders, background, text, and so forth, in accordance with a style sheet.
A standard default stylesheet is always output with any theme, so that one need only to specify the selectors that are to be changed. Undefined properties will fall back to those defined in the default stylesheet.
Tables 22 through 32 describe Style Sheet (CSS) Selectors.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, every new QuickPlace created gets its own directory under the QuickPlace master directory. The name of that directory is same as the name of the QuickPlace. Each additional room in the QuickPlace is another file (.nsf) in the QuickPlace directory. During the QuickPlace server installation, the default QuickPlace (also called the "Welcome" QuickPlace) with the name of QuickPlace is automatically created. This is the entry point to the QuickPlace server including the server administration. FIG. 8 shows the directory structure, along with the files in "Welcome" QuickPlace, in a stand-alone QuickPlace server.
For example if Millennia is the a current QuickPlace, then the basic infrastructure of the Millennia QuickPlace resides under
(on Domino server—given that
is the data directory) or
(on stand-alone—given that
is the QuickPlace installation directory).
When QuickPlace server is installed, the "Welcome" region or the "Administrator's Place" is pre-configured to allow an entry point to the QuickPlace server. An administrator can then administer the newly installed QuickPlace server from this entry point. This so called administrative QuickPlace resides under the QuickPlace directory which in turn is under the data directory. For an example it is
when installed under Domino, and
when in stand-alone mode. It contains the following files: Main.nsf, Contacts1.nsf, CreateHaiku.nsf, Admin.nsf. The templates for these Domino databases reside in the directory named AreaTypes. The "Welcome" page may be configured to suit the needs of an organization.
The security can be controlled at two levels: (1) from the server's administration perspective—Managing the QuickPlace server; and (2) from each QuickPlace's perspective—Managing a QuickPlace.
A server administrator can restrict who can create a new QuickPlace on the server and also who can administer the QuickPlace server. The SSL encryption can also be controlled by the server administrator. The SSL encryption is effective server wide and cannot be controlled at a QuickPlace level. All this can be accomplished via security screen. At the QuickPlace level, the administrator can control who can read the information, which users can create the information, and who can administer the particular QuickPlace. Anonymous allows everyone access without authentication.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a user may receive a report of what is new, either scheduled or on request, such as by clicking on a place or an E-mail component. What ever is selected, the displayed result is personalized to the individual user, including security. The scope of the what's new page may be, for example, user specified as daily or weekly.
A what's new display, in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, extends to all elements, such as pages, tasks, events, folders, rooms, members, groups, today's events & tasks due, and email received.
A what's new time line may include, for example a period including today plus the preceding seven days and the succeeding seven days, so as to anticipate further events and tasks due.
Referring to FIG. 11, each room in collaboration space is implemented as a database 310-312. A Notes view 314-316 and folder 318-320 is associated with each such database. Using notes security, each person looking at view sees what is authorized to see. Folder 318-320 is updated every night, for example, by taking a snap shot of view 314-316. This update can also be done upon request, which will cause view 314-316 to be immediately copied to folder 318-320. When each user request for what's new, filtering on user authorization and scope occurs.
A manager can configure a newsletter, deciding whether to send e-mail, each part of its contents, and its frequency, such as daily or weekly. The manager can customize what people can get via E-mail, and each member can accept or disabled the E-mail.
Nightly, for example, QuickPlace updates what's new, sends newletter (which may be implemented, for example, as IIS, Microsoft stack) and cleans up returned email.
Referring to FIG. 11, a place comprises a plurality of rooms, each room represented, respectively, by a room database 310-312. Each has a view 314-316, respectively, which views are maintained up to date per formula. These views, when updated, such as every night and whenever someone updates, are copied into respective folders 318-320. When a user asks what's new in step 328, in step 322 QP server 100 opens the contents of folders 318-320, in step 324 processes the data, using access control list and other Notes security, and in step 326 generates HTML from that data to reorganize it for display 330. Step 326 html is created with all links and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, quick browse feature 304 in window 330 which, upon user selection, generates display 332 presented at browser 112. This is just the on-line part. Off line, step 326 is create and send mail (not html), which it does on behalf of each member of the room. User selection of quick browse 304 opens a new window 332, creates a set a links to control the main window 112 without losing the context. Context appears in a separate window 332 in a simpler html format. Selection of an item in that separate window 332, causes the page or room (if link is to a room) to be displayed in the main window 112.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a team version of a what's new newsletter can also be collected in the QuickPlace, enabling users to browse a set of changes efficiently, and to review past newsletters. Users can also click quick-search links to answer common queries such as "what's changed in this QuickPlace today?".
News Email provides an overview simple enough that it's useful to receive and quick to scan through. It may be composed and delivered nightly, weekly, or monthly. The wording of summary may be adapted to period of each "issue", personalized to include only changes that user has access to, exclude pages that have specialized read/edit permissions, displays several sections, and sent in dual mime-typed format—plain text and HTML (no images).
Examples of these E-mail formats are set forth in FIG. 11, and may include plain text with links (having a link for every "news item" reported, plain text no links (having global links to the QuickPlace, but no links for reported news items), plain text with shortened URLs (requiring shortened URLs for links into QuickPlaces), and HTML for viewing what a client selects.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a news folder offers a good overview. Such a folder may be saved at a manager's option in a specialized list folder that QuickPlace creates for the purpose. If the folder is later hidden, old issues of news may be retained, or the manager given the option to keep or delete them. The folder only captures news while it is visible and opens to latest issue of News. A user can thus use a folder icon to view the list. A Quick Browse button in action bar of News folder opens same links as shown in current folder state, simply laid out, into separate window for browsing. Such a news folder, similar to email HTML format, is enhanced to includea set of quick-browse search links, and folder instructions.
In accordance with further embodiments of the invention, what's new is access-controlled on the fly, so it matches the E-mail version for each user—i.e., each item in each news "issue" is a page, and each issue is a filter onto a view. The page is a document that provides a link to the original page, wherever it is, with the same ACL. Otherwise, the stored version will be in the form of one page per issue, each page in the format shown in the prototype.
In a further embodiment of the invention, what's new reports 530 are accompanied by a generic site map 534, a TOC tree without the leaves, access-controlled for the current user.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a system and method is provided for enhancing browsing in collaboration space of collections of links. These link collections exist in a variety of formats which users need to be able to quickly visit in any order. For example, a random access UI is needed to What's New and Search Results links. These items can reside in more than room, producing potentially brutal context switches from one link to the next. Also, newcomers or casual users of the collaboration space have trouble knowing how to get started and where they can go in a QuickPlace, and would be greatly assisted by the presence of quick-browse windows, such as (1) live "go there" links from the Tutorial (in a window) to specific locations, (2) live "go there" links from Help to specific locations, and (3) a generated Sitemap (a simple rendering of the access-controlled TOC hierarchy). Further, it is desired to support random-access browsing of the links in any folder as a set.
Therefore, it is an objective of the invention to provide an improved user interface which is quick to load, takes up minimal screen space (at least while the user browses target pages), and which, while browsing a target page from the Quick-Browse setting, allows users to see and access the page's local setting so that they understand the page's context—e.g., its TOC location, folder, parent (responses), and/or ancestors (revisions).
One approach known to the art is to rely on the browser Back button, like regular websites. This meets all three requirements (assuming no actual reload on browser "Back" in the frameless architecture). However, using the Back button this can be a frustrating experience, and QuickPlace is different from average websites in that much heavier use is expected from authors and managers than would be typical of the average web user. Heavier use requires more efficient ways of getting around.
Referring to FIG. 14, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, quick-browse is implemented as a "remote control" UI mechanism 304. A Remote Control link/icon is displayed in any context 296 that supports it, such as Search Results and What's New. When the user clicks the remote control link 302, such as button 536 (FIG. 10), or 532 (FIG. 9), a window 296, 330 opens with a compact set of links 304 to browse. When the user clicks a link in the remote control 304, the main QuickPlace window 330 is redirected to the linked page 332. Other contexts such as the Tutorial and Help may themselves act as specialized versions of the remote control by opening into a separate window. For example, the tutorial is implemented as a set of pure HTML files which can be customized/switched by third parties. Some links from the tutorial may use the same mechanism to open links in main window.
Clicking the remote control icon opens a quickbrowse window, containing one or more links. Upon being clicked, these links open in the main QuickPlace window; therefore the QuickBrowse window acts like a remote control onto the main window. This allows the set of hits to remain available as the user browses around, in any order. What's New and Search Results generate links that can be anywhere in a QuickPlace—i.e., in any of possibly many different rooms. The QuickBrowse window is an attempt to bring some coherence to the experience of jumping around all over the QuickPlace.
Referring to FIG. 9, renderings of the contents of the remote control window for What's New 530, Search Results 532, and a site map 534, are illustrated.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a manager of a QuickPlace may enabled the chat feature, allowing members to "chat" electronically with other QuickPlace members. Referring to FIG. 12, in a chat session, two or more members exchange messages by typing them in a chat window 538. As soon as the sender finishes typing a message, it appears on the receiver's screen 540. When the receiver replies to the message, the reply appears below the original message on both screens, so all parties have a temporary transcript of the chat session.
A user may start a chat session, respond to an invitation to join a chat session, reply to a chat message, and leave a chat session.
Starting a Chat Session
A member can chat with any other QuickPlace member who currently has the chat window open (or open and minimized). One can chat with one person at a time, two or more people, or everyone who currently has the chat window open.
To start a chat session with one other QuickPlace member, a member clicks "chat" 390 (FIG. 12) under "Tools" in the sidebar. Referring to FIG. 13, in the "Who is here?" section of the QuickPlace Team Chat window that now appears on the screen, the member double-clicks the name of the person with whom to chat. In the box 538 labeled "Type your text" in the new window that appears on the screen, the member types the text of the message to be sent. Pressing Enter or clicking send sends the message. The message is sent and displayed in the chat transcript area 540. When the member receives a reply to the message, the reply appears in the same area 540. The chat session may be terminated by clicking close or selecting close from a message menu. To remain available for future chat sessions with other QuickPlace members, the QuickPlace Team Chat window 540 is left open or minimized. To dismiss the QuickPlace Team Chat window, the close box for the window is clicked. To initiate another chat session or receive invitations to join chat sessions, it is necessary to reopen the QuickPlace Team Chat window (by clicking "chat").
To start a chat session with two or more QuickPlace members, a member first invites those other members to participate in the session. To create an invitation for two or more members and then start the chat session, the member clicks "chat" 390 in the "Tools" sidebar. In the "Who is here?" section 542 of the QuickPlace Team Chat window that appears on the screen, the member presses and holds theshift or Ctrl key while clicking the names of the members with to chat. Then, a single-option menu may be selected in which to create an invitation for the chat session entering the subject of the chat in the Topic box, entering the text of invitation in the Message text box, optionally selecting "Secure messages" to prevent anyone outside the QuickPlace from intercepting and reading the messages. The member enters and sends messages and receives replies as above.
To start a chat session with all the QuickPlace members who currently have the QuickPlace Team Chat window open enter and send the message, and it will be sent to all the members listed under "Who is here?" and displayed in the Transcript area.
When a member of a QuickPlace invites a second member to join a chat session, an invitation dialog box appears on your screen of the second member. Using the buttons in the dialog box, the second member can respond privately, join the chat, or decline the invitation. To respond privately—that is, to reply to the sender of the invitation only—click Respond. To accept the invitation, click Join. To decline the invitation and close the invitation dialog box, click Close.
One of two or several participants in a chat session can leave the chat session at any time by clicking Leave or selecting Leave from the Message menu.
Upon signing in, the user can quickly get an overview of who is currently signed in to the QuickPlace. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, this is accomplished by displaying a list of names in a separate floating window 542. A user is enabled to control (a) whether or not the chat features actually load on sign-in, so that on low-bandwidth connections in the sametime components don't have to be loaded; and (b) her personal availability state—i.e., whether or not other people can see and chat with her. One UI option is to provide a "Do Not Disturb" button (e.g., in the pathbar)—which logs the user out of the sametime server, turns off all chat features, and toggles itself to display a button labeled "Who Is Here?". To prevent "lurking", the awareness display may be reciprocal—i.e., if user A can see user B, then user B can see user A. The activation state of the sametime features may be kept persistent across sessions: if the user closes the browser with the chat session turned off, then opens another browser window later, the chat session is reopened in its "off" state. In QuickPlace usage it may be desirable provide awareness of who is in the user's current room, versus the entire QuickPlace. A user is able to leverage the current availability of other members to start a chat or other form of communication with them (e.g., phone call). Chats begin by clicking the user's name or via a menu item in that control. The most important type of chat is N-way private chat by invitation—i.e., the user invites one or more people to join in a private chat which other members cannot see and cannot find out is taking place. Users may be allowed to copy the transcripts of a chat into a QuickPlace page, or to save the chat as a whole as a page. An alternative type of chat is a place chat, which in QuickPlace by default is the whole QuickPlace, and may be made to support persistence—i.e., if may be rendered capable of loading the prior transcript when the user opens the chat window.
It is an advantage of the invention that there is provided a collaboration space application model for creating web applications that are aesthetically pleasing and present the user with a simple interface.
It is a further advantage of the invention that there is provided a system and method for creating web applications that are instantly created, instantly archived, team and project oriented, easy to use, created, accessed and administered via the Web, reusable, and extensible.
It is a further advantage the invention that there is provided a system and method for presenting users of collaboration space knowledge of events and happenings throughout a place that are of current interest, including scheduled events or tasks that are current, and what has been recently changed.
It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, it is within the scope of the invention to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a solid or fluid transmission medium, magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the invention and/or to structure its components in accordance with the system of the invention.
Further, each step of the method may be executed on any general computer, such as an IBM System 390, AS/400, PC or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, Pl/1, Fortran or the like. And still further, each said step, or a file or object or the like implementing each said step, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.
Accordingly, the scope of protection of this invention is limited only by the following claims and their equivalents.
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Cover Girl fresh complexion concealer
346 reviews
60% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
INGREDIENTSWater, Cyclopentasiloxane, Propylene Glycol, Dimethicone, Talc, Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, PEG/PPG 18/18 Dimethicone, Sodium Chloride, Cyclomethicone, Arachidyl Behenate, Sodium Dehydroacetate, Stearic Acid, Ethylene Brassylate, Ethylene/Methacrylate Copolymer, Trihydroxystearin, Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate, Silica, Synthetic Wax, Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate, Propylparaben, PVP, Methicone, Methylparaben, Cetyl/PEG/PPG 10/1 Dimethicone, Aluminum Hydroxide, Laureth 7, Hexyl Laurate, Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides
on 9/5/2013 3:16:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Green
My skin has been changing on me and lately my usual concealers just are not working any more. Either they are too thick like the Laura Mercier camoflauge or are too watery like my usual go to Neutrogena Healthy Skin concealer...so, in a moment of desperation, I bought the Cover Girl Fresh Complexion concealer in classic ivory. Wow. I LOVE the texture, it goes on very smoothly, is easily buildable on clean skin and covers well. Does it last all day? Not really but, it does not break me out and it seems to heal the redness from past acne marks. For a drugstore concealer, it works really well and is very affordable. I think it was around $6 and I can tell this will last a really long time. The color is perfect for my cool toned, fair skin. For a recent trip, instead of packing foundation, I only threw this item in my carryon bag and it worked beautifully as a makeshift foundation or a touch up concealer for lighter makeup days. I really like this product a lot and will def look to purchase this again.
on 9/2/2013 2:44:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I actually liked this concealer. It was a little light for me but it worked out because it brightened redness. The coverage was really good and it lasted longer than most concealers.
on 9/1/2013 12:41:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
best under eye concealer but for me it does not cover pimples very well but is still workable
on 8/8/2013 7:36:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I been using this for years as an all over foundation,I have tried several foundations none worked so I decided to use coverup as a full coverage makeup.It does not break me out, or sink into my pores it dries to a light matte finish.I have eczema, red skin, and it is sensitive to everything, this has been all I could use that did not irritate.DOWNSIDE: After ten minutes on my face the red shows back up so trying to cover red is hard, I also notice when I take this makeup off I seem redder almost as if it colors your face with a tint I actually where the lightest one, but it changes color after you have been wearing it.I have bought a new full coverage foundation (REVLON COLORSTAY IN BUFF)will update you let you know if this will cover my red face.
on 8/3/2013 9:51:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Other
Eyes: Blue
This is a wonderful product. I love the fact that this can work on yellow toned skin or pink toned skin, and since it's in a liquid form, can easily be used to cover zits. This is the best undereye concealer I've encountered. The product lasts a normal amount of time, occasionally it needs a touch up. I love this product, and would so buy it again!
on 8/2/2013 8:58:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Cool
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
This concealer sucks, bottom line. No pigment, gets stuck in the creases if my eyes, dries cakey and is just gross.
on 8/1/2013 9:52:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
EDIT: I was using this product in conjunction with Maybelline Dream Matte powder, which seems to have a track record of doing what I reported here. So maybe it's the powder, not the concealer that was breaking me out. I stopped using both of them and my skin is clearing up finally.
I bought this concealer in a pinch and ended up really liking it-- I'm super pale (well I used to be), and I liked that it was buildable (read: super sheer). I used it to cover pimples.
However, after several months of use, I'm pretty positive that this caused me to have some serious breakouts. Lots of tiny spots, as well as big whiteheads (and I think it aggravated my pores and caused some big under-the-skin cysts, as well). I got them on my cheeks, which is a spot where I usually NEVER have acne. I am stopping use of this concealer effective tomorrow, and if my skin doesn't improve (aka it's something that isn't this concealer), I will edit the review and fix it. Pretty positive this concealer is the culprit though.
on 7/27/2013 2:08:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Blond, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I have acne/acne scarring/redness and it doesn't really do much. My dark circles aren't even that bad and they still show through. The one good thing I can say about this is that as someone who is extremely pale, it matches my skin tone - it's a shame that it's just not a great concealer. I like the Covergirl Olay Simply Ageless concealer a lot more. This one is meh at best. I will not be repurchasing.
on 7/22/2013 7:03:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Green
This concealer is just average for me. I would not use it for blemishes because it has light-reflecting properties in it. This is more of an under eye concealer. I've used this a few times now, and it covers up my dark circles for the most part, but I had to use a little extra on the inner part of my eye because it's the darkest area for me. I'm pretty pale, so I bought the lightest shade they had. When I put it on, it made me look very, very pale. I'm not sure why, it's just not too flattering. Next time I use it, I'm going to try to use a color corrector underneath, then apply just a small amount of this so maybe it won't look that way.
This is a decent product, especially for the $4 I paid for it. It works quite well, but it's not anything extraordinary. The only reason I would not repurchase is because the tube is relatively big and I want to try new concealers.
on 6/20/2013 4:25:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
This concealer did absolutely nothing for me.
It did not cover up blemishes or dark circles.
The formula is so sheer and thin.
There was seriously no difference after putting this on.
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Il muro di gomma (also known as The Invisible Wall) is a 1991 Italian drama film directed by Marco Risi. The film, which deals with the Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 disaster, entered the competition at the 48th Venice International Film Festival.
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