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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Journal of Climate How ocean circulation can decouple sea surface temperature from global radiative
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Journal of Climate How ocean circulation can decouple sea surface temperature from global radiative net radiation. The positively- correlated regime is associated with increased Southern Ocean balance and sea surface height --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: How ocean circulation
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Response of tropical sea surface temperature, precipitation, and tropical cyclone-related variables to changes in global and local forcing
A single-column model is used to estimate the equilibrium response of sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, and several variables related to tropical cyclone (TC) activity to changes in both local and global forcing. ...
Sobel, Adam
GSOD Based Daily Global Mean Surface Temperature and Mean Sea Level Air Pressure (1982-2011)
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
This data product contains all the gridded data set at 1/4 degree resolution in ASCII format. Both mean temperature and mean sea level air pressure data are available. It also contains the GSOD data (1982-2011) from NOAA site, contains station number, location, temperature and pressures (sea level and station level). The data package also contains information related to the data processing methods
Xuan Shi, Dali Wang
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The connections among greenhouse-gas emissions scenarios, global warming, and frequencies of hurricanes or tropical cyclones are among the least understood in climate science but among the most fiercely debated in the context of adaptation decisions or mitigation policies. Here we show that a knowledge discovery strategy, which leverages observations and climate model simulations, offers the promise of developing credible projections of tropical cyclones based on sea surface temperatures (SST) in a warming environment. While this study motivates the development of new methodologies in statistics and data mining, the ability to solve challenging climate science problems with innovative combinations of traditional and state-of-the-art methods is demonstrated. Here we develop new insights, albeit in a proof-of-concept sense, on the relationship between sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequencies, and generate the most likely projections with uncertainty bounds for storm counts in the 21st-century warming environment based in turn on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Our preliminary insights point to the benefits that can be achieved for climate science and impacts analysis, as well as adaptation and mitigation policies, by a solution strategy that remains tailored to the climate domain and complements physics-based climate model simulations with a combination of existing and new computational and data science approaches.
Race, Caitlin [University of Minnesota; Steinbach, Michael [University of Minnesota; Ganguly, Auroop R [ORNL; Semazzi, Fred [North Carolina State University; Kumar, Vipin [University of Minnesota
Global Warming and Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations
Coastal regions have a high social, economical and environmental importance. Due to this importance the sea level fluctuations can have many bad consequences. In this research the correlation between the increasing trend of temperature in coastal stations due to Global Warming and the Caspian Sea level has been established. The Caspian Sea level data has been received from the Jason-1 satellite. It was resulted that the monthly correlation between the temperature and sea level is high and also positive and almost the same for all the stations. But the yearly correlation was negative. It means that the sea level has decreased by the increase in temperature.
Ardakanian, Reza
The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming
The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming Anders Levermanna,b,1 , Peter U. Clarkc Board June 13, 2013 (received for review November 7, 2012) Global mean sea level has been steadily for different levels of global mean temperature increase above preindustrial levels. Although sea- level rise
Marzeion, Ben
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice C. Sampsona , K. M. Goldena , A. Gullya , A. P, Australia Abstract During the 2007 SIPEX expedition in pack ice off the coast of East Antarctica, we measured the electrical conductivity of sea ice via surface impedance tomography. Resistance data from
Golden, Kenneth M.
ARM - Sea Surface and Sea Level
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUC :ProductsSCM Forcing DataScience Questions Related Links ISDACLevel andSurface
ARM - Measurement - Sea surface temperature
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUC : XDCResearch Relatedcontent ARMnumberDoppler ARM DatagovMeasurementsSea
Rising Sea Levels Due to Global Warming Are Unstoppable
Levels Due to Global Warming Are Unstoppable Mitigation can slow down but not prevent sea level rise for centuries to come August 5, 2013 Contact: Linda Vu, email@example.com, +1 510 495...
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
Global sea-to-air flux climatology Ko, M. K. W. , Poulet,Global sea-to-air flux climatology Vogt, R. , Sander, R. ,sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane
Estimating air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum through global ocean data assimilation
Estimating air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum through global ocean data assimilation of surface flux adjustments made to the initial NCEP re-analysis-1 products. During the state estimation the boundary current regions, they are consistent with known large-scale deficiencies in the NCEP products
atlantic sea surface: Topics by E-print Network
reduce the solar energy in the atmospheric layer could also contribute to reduce the solar energy reach- ing the sea surface thus leading Antoine, David 28 Five year...
HARMONIC FUNCTIONS FOR SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND SALINITIES, KOKO HEAD, OAHU, 1956-69, AND SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES, CHRISTMAS ISLAND, 1954-69 GUNTHER It SECKEL' AND MARIAN Y. Y. YONG' ABSTRACT Harmonic functions, with daily sampling, are on average 0.07° C. Harmonic analysis spanning the entire sampling duration shows
The Temporal Autocorrelation Structure of Sea Surface Adam H. Monahan
and reanalysis wind data demonstrate that the autocorrelation functions (acf) of surface zonal wind, meridional al., 2002). As well, sea surface winds represent a potentially significant energy resource (e.g. Liu et al., 2008; Capps and Zender, 2009). Until recently, statistical characterisations of surface winds
Monahan, Adam Hugh
The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air�Sea Fluxes
Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 3�C, although very localized events may reach 7��8�C. ...
Clayson, Carol Anne
An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High
An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High Concentrations over the North by inputs from Hg enriched subsurface waters through entrainment and Ekman pumping. Globally, subsurface). Previous efforts to model Hg air-sea exchange (2) and atmospheric transport (4-6) have been unable
Holmes, Christopher D.
Multiscale models of atmospheric mercury: bromine chemistry, air-sea exchange, and global transport
entrainment of RGM-rich air from the free troposphere (2540%). Oxidation of Hg0 by Cl is minor (3Multiscale models of atmospheric mercury: bromine chemistry, air-sea exchange, and global transport Multiscale models of atmospheric mercury: bromine chemistry, air-sea exchange, and global transport Abstract
Observed and CAM3 GCM Sea Surface Wind
Observed and CAM3 GCM Sea Surface Wind Speed Distributions: Characterization, Comparison, and Bias climatological surface wind speed probability density functions (PDFs) estimated from observations and use them to evaluate, for the first time, contemporaneous wind PDFs predicted by a GCM. The ob- servations include NASA
Zender, Charles
Nanotextured Anti-Icing Surfaces | GE Global Research
Demonstrate Promising Anti-icing Nano Surfaces GE Scientists Demonstrate Promising Anti-icing Nano Surfaces GE Global Research today presented new research findings on its...
Sea surface exchanges of momentum, heat, and freshwater determined by satellite remote sensing
1 Sea surface exchanges of momentum, heat, and freshwater determined by satellite remote sensing Freshwater flux Latent heat flux Longwave radiation Satellite remote sensing Sea surface flux estimation Sensible heat flux Shortwave radiation Surface wind fields 2 #12;Sea surface exchanges of momentum, heat
Yu, Lisan
Comment on 'Discussions on common errors in analyzing sea level accelerations, solar trends and global warming'
Comment on Scafetta, Nicola. 'Discussion on Common Errors in Analyzing Sea Level Accelerations, Solar Trends and Global Warming.' arXiv:1305.2812 (May 13, 2013a). doi:10.5194/prp-1-37-2013.
Benestad, R E
Preliminary global assessment of terrestrial biodiversity consequences of sea level rise mediated by climate change
Considerable attention has focused on the climatic effects of global climate change on biodiversity, but few analyses and no broad assessments have evaluated the effects of sea level rise on biodiversity. Taking advantage of new maps of marine...
Menon, Shaily; Soberó n, Jorge; Li, Xingong; Peterson, A. Townsend
Sea Ice in the Global Climate System Kenneth M. Golden1
Sea Ice in the Global Climate System Kenneth M. Golden1 , Elizabeth Hunke2 , Cecilia Bitz3 Figure 2. The Antarctic sea ice pack with an open lead in the distance. (K. M. Golden) Figure 1. Pancake ice in the Southern Ocean off the coast of East Antarctica. (K. M. Golden
Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets*
Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions of recent warming of these regions in global heat and sea level budgets. The authors 1) compute warming produces a 0.053 (60.017) mm yr21 increase in global average sea level and the deep warming south
Johnson, Gregory C.
Harmonic analysis of climatological sea surface salinity Tim P. Boyer and Sydney Levitus
Harmonic analysis of climatological sea surface salinity Tim P. Boyer and Sydney Levitus Ocean: Boyer, T. P., and S. Levitus, Harmonic analysis of climatological sea surface salinity, J. Geophys. Res
Constraining Wind Stress Products with Sea Surface Height Observations and Implications for Pacific Ocean Sea Level Trend Attribution*
Ocean Sea Level Trend Attribution* SHAYNE MCGREGOR, ALEXANDER SEN GUPTA, AND MATTHEW H. ENGLAND Climate are available that are commonly used to examine climate vari- ability or trends and as boundary conditions.e., upper ocean heat content redistribution) versus global mean sea level change (i.e., including
England, Matthew
Rapid Rise of Sea Level 19,000 Years Ago and Its Global Implications
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Kurapov, Alexander
Loggerhead sea turtles are circum-global, inhabiting temperate, sub-
waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In the Pacific, loggerhead sea turtles have been in the North Pacific Ocean occurs in Japan; there is no known nesting in the east- ern North Pacific (Márquez in the oceanic realm of the central North Pacific Ocean are of Japanese stock (Dutton et al., 1998). Tagging
Measurements of air-sea gas exchange at high wind speeds in the Southern Ocean: Implications for global parameterizations
August 2006. [1] The SOLAS Air-Sea Gas Exchange (SAGE) Experiment was conducted in the western Pacific of air-sea gas exchange. Globally, the dominant control of air-sea gas exchange is turbulent energy as the primary source of energy for the atmospheric and oceanic molecular boundary layers have been derived from
Ho, David
A Global View on the Wind Sea and Swell Climate and Variability from ERA-40 ALVARO SEMEDO
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Haak, Hein
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive Solar HomePromisingStories »SubmitterJ. Norby (2007)Rising Sea Levels Due to
Reconciling multidecadal land-sea global temperature with rising CO2
Reconciling multidecadal land-sea global temperature with rising CO2 Vaughan Pratt Stanford CO2 1 / 35 #12;Goal Additional insight into 1 Similarity of the 1860-1880 & 1910-1940 rises to 1970-2000. 2 The recent pause 3 No sign of 3 C per doubling of CO2. Some applicable audiences: Average reader
Pratt, Vaughan
Reconciling multidecadal land-sea global temperature with rising CO2 Vaughan Pratt Stanford CO2 1 / 29 #12;Goal Additional insight into 1 Similarity of the 1860-1880 & 1910-1940 rises to 1970-2000. 2 The recent pause (2001-2013). 3 No sign of 3 C per doubling of CO2. Simple reasoning (no opaque
Global Surface Temperature Measurement for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles.
??This dissertation describes the use of permanent-change thermal paints as a technique for global surface temperature measurements on short-duration hypersonic flight vehicles. The thermal paints� (more)
Choudhury, Rishabh
The Intra-Americas Sea springtime surface temperature anomaly dipole as fingerprint of remote influences
The Intra-Americas Sea springtime surface temperature anomaly dipole as fingerprint of remote anomaly dipole we find that the dipole forms mostly in response to changes in the air-sea heat fluxes. The changes in shortwave radiation also contribute to the dipole of net air-sea heat flux. The changes
Wang, Chunzai
Ground Surface Heat Flux Histories, Beltrami 1 Global Ground Surface and Heat Flux Histories from Geothermal
Geothermal Measurements: Inferences from Inversion of the Global Data Set Hugo Beltrami,1 1 Department and temperature anomalies detected in the shallow sub- surface. Results from the analysis of Canada's geothermal. Application of this method to the global geothermal data base allowed for a quantification of the global
Beltrami, Hugo
Seasonal and ENSO variability in global ocean phytoplankton chlorophyll derived from 4 years of SeaWiFS measurements
of a possible 184 modes, which explain 67% of the total temporal variability associated with the global meanSeasonal and ENSO variability in global ocean phytoplankton chlorophyll derived from 4 years of Sea and other sources of phytoplankton variability on global scales, which is an important component
Yoder, James S.
Relationships between Pacific and Atlantic ocean sea surface temperatures and U.S. streamflow variability
Relationships between Pacific and Atlantic ocean sea surface temperatures and U.S. streamflow March 2006; published 19 July 2006. [1] An evaluation of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean sea surface by an interdecadal-temporal evaluation for the Pacific (Atlantic) Ocean based on the phase of the Pacific Decadal
Piechota, Thomas C.
Global Sea Level Stabilization-Sand Dune Fixation: A Solar-powered Sahara Seawater Textile Pipeline
Could anthropogenic saturation with pumped seawater of the porous ground of active sand dune fields in major deserts (e.g., the westernmost Sahara) cause a beneficial reduction of global sea level? Seawater extraction from the ocean, and its deposition on deserted sand dune fields in Mauritania and elsewhere via a Solar-powered Seawater Textile Pipeline (SSTP) can thwart the postulated future global sea level. Thus, Macro-engineering offers an additional cure for anticipated coastal change, driven by global sea level rise, that could supplement, or substitute for (1) stabilizing the shoreline with costly defensive public works (armoring macroprojects) and (2) permanent retreat from the existing shoreline (real and capital property abandonment). We propose Macro-engineering use tactical technologies that sculpt and vegetate barren near-coast sand dune fields with seawater, seawater that would otherwise, as commonly postulated, enlarge Earth seascape area! Our Macro-engineering speculation blends eremology with hydrogeology and some hydromancy. We estimate its cost at 1 billion dollars - about 0.01 per sent of the USA 2007 Gross Domestic Product.
Viorel Badescu; Richard B. Cathcart; Alexander A. Bolonkin
Basin patterns of global sea level changes for 20042007 You-Soon Chang , Anthony J. Rosati, Gabriel A. Vecchi
Basin patterns of global sea level changes for 20042007 You-Soon Chang , Anthony J. Rosati (density-related) components. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite was launched
Z .Global and Planetary Change 20 1999 93123 Global sea level rise and glacial isostatic adjustment
adjustment W.R. Peltier ) Department of Physics, Uni�ersity of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Z .rather recently Peltier and Tushingham, 1989 , it was not clearly;( )W.R. PeltierrGlobal and Planetary Change 20 1999 93�12394 Z .existed at that time e.g., Peltier
Peltier, W. Richard
, Resources, Roughness, Coastal Sea Areas, Waves, Rødsand 1 INTRODUCTION Large offshore wind farms are beingA FETCH DEPENDENT MODEL OF SEA SURFACE ROUGHNESS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER UTILISATION Bernhard Lange wind conditions of offshore sites, since the higher energy yield has to compensate the additional
Heinemann, Detlev
What Global Warming Looks Like The July 2010 global map of surface temperature anomalies (Figure 1), relative to the average
What Global Warming Looks Like The July 2010 global map of surface temperature anomalies (Figure 1 anomalies an example of what we can expect global warming to look like? Maps of temperature anomalies, such as Figure 1, are useful for helping people understand the role of global warming in extreme events
Sea surface temperature for climate from the along-track scanning radiometers�
This thesis describes the construction of a sea surface temperature (SST) dataset from Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) observations suitable for climate applications. The algorithms presented here are now used at ...
Embury, Owen
On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity
On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 Yihong Duan National 10, 2009 (Revised) Dateline Revised for Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Corresponding author
Wang, Yuqing
An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfide concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean
relationship between ocean DMS and solar radiation, Geophys.solar radiation dose over the global surface ocean, Science,ocean surface DMS reveal macroscale patterns of variability such as a global proportionality between DMS concentration and average daily solar radiation
Impact of the Southern ocean winds on sea-ice - ocean interaction and its associated global ocean circulation in a warming world
This dissertation discusses a linkage between the Southern Ocean (SO) winds and the global ocean circulation in the framework of a coarse-resolution global ocean general circulation model coupled to a sea-ice model. In addition to reexamination...
Cheon, Woo Geunn
Global warming and hurricane intensity and frequency: The debate continues
Global warming and hurricane intensity and frequency: The debate continues Megan Mc of these changes. Some scientists believe that global warming and increased sea surface temperatures are to blame, global warming and increased sea surface temperatures do appear to have influenced hurricane frequency
Kareem, Ahsan
Global warming and United States landfalling hurricanes Chunzai Wang1
Global warming and United States landfalling hurricanes Chunzai Wang1 and Sang-Ki Lee2 Received 18] A secular warming of sea surface temperature occurs almost everywhere over the global ocean. Here we use observational data to show that global warming of the sea surface is associated with a secular increase
profound impacts on the distribution of sediments sources of mineral and water resources the stability IN UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL CHANGEAND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL CHANGEAND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL CHANGEAND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL CHANGEAND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL CHANGE "Much
alternative global climate: Topics by E-print Network
Information Sciences Websites Summary: A Statistical Analysis of Global Inter-Annual Climate Anomalies in Monthly Sea Surface Temperature Records. Jian Huang and Finbarr...
This Letter presented projections of future sea-level rise based on simulations of the past 22,000 years of sea-level history using a simple, empirical model linking sea-level rise to global mean-temperature anomalies. One of the main conclusions of the L
This Letter presented projections of future sea-level rise based on simulations of the past 22,000 years of sea-level history using a simple, empirical model linking sea-level rise to global mean of sea-level rise during the twenty-first century that are reported in the Fourth Assessment Report
Siddall, Mark
Laboratory studies on CO? transfer across the simulated sea surface
/k') BY THE FH& TEMPERATURE~ AHD Z C02 MEASUREMENTS APPENDIX - III DATA USED POR THE DETERMINATION OF THE RATIO (k jk') BY THE GAS ANALYSIS AMD THE Z CO2 MEASUREMENT WITH THE VAM SLYKE'S APPARATUS BIBLIOGRAPHY PeEe 65 77 80 82 1 1. 1 Plate No. Page... a integration constant concerned, A ?~A + ~Ae k' k -Xt Putting N as nunber of C 02 noleculea in the sea water, then 14 A ?A -A, s o a' A ?~ A (1-e ) k -Xt ~ M o When t is infinite, (A )?? ~A k s ~ o ----- (3) Therefore, (A) ?(A)?(1-e ) ln...
Sugiura, Yoshiro
Enhancing the resolution of sea ice in long-term global ocean general circulation model (gcm) integrations
Open water in sea ice, such as leads and polynyas, plays a crucial role in determining the formation of deep- and bottom-water, as well as their long-term global properties and circulation. Ocean general circulation models (GCMs) designed...
Kim, Joong Tae
The global energy balance from a surface perspective Martin Wild Doris Folini Christoph Schar
The global energy balance from a surface perspective Martin Wild · Doris Folini · Christoph Scha of the global energy balance, the radiative energy exchanges between Sun, Earth and space are now accurately to constrain the global energy balance not only from space, but also from the surface. We combine
Fischlin, Andreas
Influence of Sea Surface Temperature on Humidity and Temperature in the Outflow of Tropical Deep Convection
-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) project are analyzed in the vicinity of deep convective outflow to study the variationsInfluence of Sea Surface Temperature on Humidity and Temperature in the Outflow of Tropical Deep upper-tropospheric temperature and humidity by the Mea- surement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In
Johnson, Richard H.
Modelling of a captive unmanned aerial system teledetecting oil pollution on sea surface
-Water Horizon crisis in the Gulf of Mexico, numerous aerial means were used to detect oil pollution locationsModelling of a captive unmanned aerial system teledetecting oil pollution on sea surface F. Muttin-spill, detection, dynamic modelling, winch, maritime pollution. 1 Introduction During 2010, and the Deep
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography Sea Surface Temperature Variability Along the Path of the Antarctic
level pressure and air-sea heat fluxes. It is found that a significant fraction of SST variability) and remote forcing by ENSO. The physical mechanisms rely on the interplay between atmospheric variability the South Pa- cific, inducing surface heat fluxes (Fs) and Ekman heat advection (Fek) anomalies. A simple
Czaja, Arnaud
Importance of thermal effects and sea surface roughness for offshore wind resource assessment
sites. The first large offshore wind farms are currently being built in several countries in EuropeImportance of thermal effects and sea surface roughness for offshore wind resource assessment National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Abstract The economic feasibility of offshore wind power utilisation
Why are climate models reproducing the observed global surface warming so well?
Why are climate models reproducing the observed global surface warming so well? Reto Knutti1 global surface warming so well?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18704, doi:10.1029/ 2008GL034932. 1 models reproduce the observed surface warming better than one would expect given the uncertainties
and a profile?based climatology, J. Geophys. Res. , 109,2011 An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfideof a global climatology of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS)
The historical global sea-level budget J.C. MOORE,1,2
-level contributions from glaciers and small ice caps, the Greenland ice sheet and thermosteric sea level are available unsurveyed high-latitude small glaciers and ice caps. The sea-level budget from 1850 is estimated using because it takes $50 times more energy to raise sea level by ocean heating than by ice melting (Trenberth
Moore, John
Global-local Structural Optimization Using Response Surfaces of Local Optimization Margins
1 Global-local Structural Optimization Using Response Surfaces of Local Optimization Margins Boyang optimization problems. First, a large number of component optimizations for maximization of margins are performed. Response surface approximations (RSA) for maximum margins of component optimization
Neumaier, Arnold
The Transient Circulation Response to Radiative Forcings and Sea Surface Warming
Tropospheric circulation shifts have strong potential to impact surface climate. But the magnitude of these shifts in a changing climate, and the attending regional hydrological changes, are difficult to project. Part of this difficulty arises from our lack of understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the circulation shifts themselves. In order to better delineate circulation shifts and their respective causes, we decompose the circulation response into (1) the "direct" response to radiative forcings themselves, and (2) the "indirect" response to changing sea surface temperatures. Using ensembles of 90-day climate model simulations with immediate switch-on forcings, including perturbed greenhouse gas concentrations, stratospheric ozone concentrations, and sea surface temperatures, we document the direct and indirect transient responses of the zonal mean general circulation, and investigate the roles of previously proposed mechanisms in shifting the midlatitude jet. We find that both the direct and indirect wind responses often begin in the lower stratosphere. Changes in midlatitude eddies are ubiquitous and synchronous with the midlatitude zonal wind response. Shifts in the critical latitude of wave absorption on either flank of the jet are not indicted as primary factors for the poleward shifting jet, although we see some evidence for increasing equatorward wave reflection over the southern hemisphere in response to sea surface warming. Mechanisms for the northern hemisphere jet shift are less clear.
Staten, Paul; Reichler, Thomas; Lu, Jian
Refinement of a semi-empirical model for the microwave emissivity of the sea surface as a function of wind speed
as the wind speed increases-instead of being switched on at 7 m/s. These changes yield an improved sea surface model that is within 2% of the sea surface emissivity given by the Wentz sea surface emissivity functions....
Kohn, David Jacob
Phenomenological solar contribution to the 19002000 global surface N. Scafetta1
Phenomenological solar contribution to the 19002000 global surface warming N. Scafetta1 and B. J 2006. [1] We study the role of solar forcing on global surface temperature during four periods on four scale-dependent empirical climate sensitive parameters to solar variations. We use two alternative
Scafetta, Nicola
Estimated solar contribution to the global surface warming using the ACRIM TSI satellite composite
Estimated solar contribution to the global surface warming using the ACRIM TSI satellite composite decomposition methodology, the solar signature on global surface temperature data using the ACRIM total solar minima during solar cycles 2123 (19802002). We estimate that the ACRIM upward trend might have
Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric
Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://mit.edu/cgcs/ Printed on recycled paper #12;Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric Chemical Transport Model by Yu
Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters of the world's oceans
Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters, R. A. Feely, and R. M. Key (2006), Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity 35)2 + d (SST �? 20) + e (SST �? 20)2 fits surface total alkalinity (AT) data for each of five
High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research Mark A. Bourassa1
, the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapsed equally quickly (Scambos et al. 2009). Ocean heat content is rising rapidlyHigh-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research Mark A. Bourassa1 conditions for the measurement and estimation of airsea and ice fluxes, limiting understanding of related
Gille, Sarah T.
High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research1 Mark A. Bourassa1
), and in 2008, the Wilkins Ice Shelf51 collapsed equally quickly (Scambos et al. 2009). Ocean heat content1 High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research1 2 Mark A conditions for the measurement and estimation of air27 sea and ice fluxes, limiting understanding of related
High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Requirements and Challenges for Climate Mark Bourassa1
temperatures, seasonal sea ice, and the remoteness of the regions all conspire to make observations difficult latitudes - the vertical exchanges of heat, momentum and material between the ocean, atmosphere and ice1 High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Requirements and Challenges for Climate Research
Discussion on common errors in analyzing sea level accelerations, solar trends and global warming
Errors in applying regression models and wavelet filters used to analyze geophysical signals are discussed: (1) multidecadal natural oscillations (e.g. the quasi 60-year Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)) need to be taken into account for properly quantifying anomalous accelerations in tide gauge records such as in New York City; (2) uncertainties and multicollinearity among climate forcing functions prevent a proper evaluation of the solar contribution to the 20th century global surface temperature warming using overloaded linear regression models during the 1900-2000 period alone; (3) when periodic wavelet filters, which require that a record is pre-processed with a reflection methodology, are improperly applied to decompose non-stationary solar and climatic time series, Gibbs boundary artifacts emerge yielding misleading physical interpretations. By correcting these errors and using optimized regression models that reduce multico...
Sea-surface topography of the Gulf of Mexico, based on ship drift
The monthly sea-surface topography of the Gulf of Mexico is calculated from ship-drift observations. A correction for wind effect is determined from the part of the surface current velocity field estimated to result from the stress of the wind.... The topo- graphy i. s found to agree qualitatively with results of studies based on in situ measurements. The contribution of the wind effect is significant. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Mr. John D. Cochrane for his guidance...
Linn, Johnnie Burdette
An investigation of sea surface temperature patterns in the Gulf of Mexico as determined by an airborne infrared sensor
. The inconsistent results from these investigations have led to a wide divergence of opinion concerning the specific current regime in the Gulf of Mexico. Recent advances in infrared technology have made possible near synoptic surveys of sea surface temperature... are nearly iso-, thermal during this period. It was, thereiore, assumed that observations of infrared sea temperature would be useful in identifying the surface features of the circulation only during certain periods, i. e. , late fall, winter, and spring...
Drennan, Kirby Lee
J1.15 PARAMETERIZING THE TURBULENT SURFACE FLUXES OVER SUMMER SEA ICE Edgar L Andreas1*
of the surface heat budget for that year at several sites around the SHEBA ice camp (Andreas et al. 1999; Persson1 of 9 J1.15 PARAMETERIZING THE TURBULENT SURFACE FLUXES OVER SUMMER SEA ICE Edgar L Andreas1* , P to study the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) lasted for a year (Uttal et al. 2002). Our
Persson, Ola
Global ocean wind power sensitivity to surface layer stability
Evaluation of global wind power, J. Geophys. Res. , 110,W. Tang, and X. Xie (2008), Wind power distribution over theApproach to Short-Term Wind Power Prediction, 1st ed. ,
Capps, Scott B; Zender, Charles S
GLOBAL EXISTENCE FOR A TRANSLATING NEAR-CIRCULAR HELE-SHAW BUBBLE WITH SURFACE TENSION J. YE1 AND S for any nonzero surface tension despite the fact that a local planar approximation near the front problem, Dissipative equations, Hele-Shaw prob- lem, Translating bubbles, Surface tension Mathematics
Tanveer, Saleh
Inferring surface heat flux distributions guided by a global seismic model: particular application to Antarctica
-flow measurements are rare or entirely absent. This will result in a smooth global heat-flow map that may proveInferring surface heat flux distributions guided by a global seismic model: particular application to Antarctica Nikolai M. Shapiro*, Michael H. Ritzwoller Department of Physics, Center for Imaging the Earth
Shapiro, Nikolai
Anomalous sea surface temperatures of the North Pacific Ocean and their relationship to precipitation in Texas
of the North Pacific and precip1tation in the ten climatic divisions of Texas, concurrently, and for t1me lags of up to six months. Anomalous sea surface temperatures for the 20 year period, 1947-1966, were correlated to prec1 pi tation totals that were... reported for the ten climatic divisions of Texas. An examination of the levels of significance for each correlat1on coeffic1ent was conducted. Correlation coefficients with high levels of significance were studied for patterns and peak frequencies...
Atkinson, Garey Cecil
Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling
, followed by a coastal sea surface temperature cooling of 2.5 °C, a stepwise expansion of sea ice as a 4 °C cooling in deep ocean temperature (3) with 80 m of sea level equivalent ice volumeAntarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling Robert McKaya,1 , Tim
A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat
A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat and gas exchange C. S. Garbe Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing renewal, the net heat flux, and the heat transfer velocity during nighttime. The techniques are based
Garbe, Christoph S.
Wintertime high-altitude surface energy balance of a Bolivian glacier, Illimani, 6340 m above sea level
Wintertime high-altitude surface energy balance of a Bolivian glacier, Illimani, 6340 m above sea] The objective of this study is to evaluate the surface energy balance (SEB) of a cold, high-altitude tropical, high altitude, sublimation, turbulent fluxes, net all-wave radiation, energy balance Citation: Wagnon
Berthier, Etienne
), and in 2008, the Wilkins Ice Shelf51 collapsed equally quickly (Scambos et al. 2009). Ocean heat content1 High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research1 2 Mark A-latitude surface fluxes will require close collaboration among meteorologists,33 oceanographers, ice physicists
Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: a sensitivity analysis
, but investment in the protection is required. While the costs of sea-level rise increase due to greater damage protection, investment is diverted from other uses. Much research remains to refine our understanding International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany Research Unit
Watson, Andrew
Comparison of different global information sources used in surface radiative flux calculation
), the Laboratoire de Me´te´orologie Dynamique, NOAA/NASA Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer project Spectroradiometer product, the NASA Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Surface Radiation Budget project surface albedos in the near-infrared remain poorly constrained (highly uncertain), they do not cause too
Impact of Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures on interannual and decadal variations of GRACE land water storage in tropical South America
re season severity in South America using sea surface tem-storage in tropical South America, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. ,hydroclimatology of tropical South America is characterized
de Linage, Caroline; Kim, Hyungjun; Famiglietti, James S; Yu, Jin-Yi
DOE-Sponsored Beaufort Sea Expedition Studies Methane's Role in Global Climate Cycle
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Washington, D.C. -- Increased understanding of methane's role in the global climate cycle and the potential of methane hydrate as a future energy resource could result from a recent joint research...
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recoveryLaboratory | NationalJohn F.Demonstrate Promising Anti-icing Nano Surfaces
Multiscale Variability of the River Runoff System in China and Its Long-Term Link to Precipitation and Sea Surface Temperature
and Sea Surface Temperature YONGKANG XUE,*, SHUFEN SUN,# K.-M. LAU,@ JINJUN JI,*, ISABELLE POCCARD,* RENHE with precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) at the continental scale. Monthly mean data from 72 runoffnorth dipole anomaly patterns for the first two runoff EOF's spatial distributions have been identified
Xue, Yongkang
Algal biomass and sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Basin Intercomparison of data from various satellite sensors, and implications for
Algal biomass and sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Basin Intercomparison of data from and to increasing anthropogenic inputs, is an appropriate test site for observing the evolution of algal biomass progress in the knowledge of spatial and temporal variations in algal biomass in various regions
Bricaud, Annick
The sensitivity of the Late Saalian (140 ka) and LGM (21 ka) Eurasian ice sheets to sea surface conditions
to the climatic cooling effect from the large ice sheet topography. Late Saalian SST are simulated using an AGCM-hemispheric asymmetry caused by the larger ice-albedo feedback, cooling climate. The resulting Late Saalian ice sheetThe sensitivity of the Late Saalian (140 ka) and LGM (21 ka) Eurasian ice sheets to sea surface
Jakobsson, Martin
Role of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature in the decadal change of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation
pattern exhibited a traditional distribution with two centers over the North Atlantic. Citation: Sun, JRole of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature in the decadal change of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation Jianqi Sun,1,2 Huijun Wang,1,2 and Wei Yuan2,3 Received 1 May 2009; revised 11 July
Supplemental Information for "Regional to global assessments of phytoplankton dynamics from the SeaWiFS mission" by D.A. Siegel and others.
are designed to measure the spectral distribution of visible radiation upwelling from beneath the ocean surface. This water-leaving radiance, Lw(), is solar radiation that penetrated the ocean surface, interacted the SeaWiFS mission" by D.A. Siegel and others. Satellite Ocean Color Data Processing: Ocean color sensors
Siegel, David A.
Arctic catastrophes in an idealized sea ice model Ian Eisenman
thermodynamics, varying open water fraction, an energy balance atmosphere, and scalable CO2. We find that summer.e., reflectiveness) between sea ice and the open water that is exposed when it melts. Bare or snow-covered sea ice reflects most sunlight back to space, while the dark ocean surface absorbs most incident light. Global
Eisenman, Ian
Method for using global optimization to the estimation of surface-consistent residual statics
DOE Patents [OSTI]
An efficient method for generating residual statics corrections to compensate for surface-consistent static time shifts in stacked seismic traces. The method includes a step of framing the residual static corrections as a global optimization problem in a parameter space. The method also includes decoupling the global optimization problem involving all seismic traces into several one-dimensional problems. The method further utilizes a Stochastic Pijavskij Tunneling search to eliminate regions in the parameter space where a global minimum is unlikely to exist so that the global minimum may be quickly discovered. The method finds the residual statics corrections by maximizing the total stack power. The stack power is a measure of seismic energy transferred from energy sources to receivers.
Reister, David B. (Knoxville, TN); Barhen, Jacob (Oak Ridge, TN); Oblow, Edward M. (Knoxville, TN)
High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research
longwave (LW) radiation emitted from the land, ocean, ice,radiation forcing data sets for large-scale sea ice models in the Southern Ocean.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 16, doi:10.1002/2013GL058114, 2013 Surface exchange between the Weddell and Scotia Seas
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 16, doi:10.1002/2013GL058114, 2013 Surface exchange between and Scotia Seas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, doi:10.1002/2013GL058114. 1. Introduction [2] The intermittent. All Rights Reserved. 0094-8276/13/10.1002/2013GL058114 [3] The intricate structure of the Weddell Sea
Thompson, Andrew
The relationship of sea surface temperatures of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Atlantic Ocean to precipitation in Texas
+?&1 -24 +23 -39 +39 -36 9 36 -30 -I-30 -57 +58 -28 +30 -31 r32 -48 +48 -29 +29 -54 +53 -28 +27 -35 +35 ? 39 +40 -43 +43 -2. 3 -2. 8 -2. 2 +0. 2 +0. 4 +0. 3 -62. 2 +3. 5 +2. 5 +0. 5 -0. 2 -1. 9 -2. 4 +0. 3 +?. 7 -0. 5 -28.... ACKNOVLEDGNENTS TABI, E OF CONTENTS LIST OP TABLES. I. IST OF FIGURES 1NTRODUCTION. viii Identiix ing thc Investivat ion. ~Oh 'oct ives Lit r: t?rc Pcview, DATA SOURCES AND ACCURACY Sea Surfac e Temperature Data 18 Accurac~ of Sca Surface Te~m erarurc...
Hamberger, Lawrence Wayne
Measurements of Sea Surface Height Variability in the Eastern South Atlantic from Pressure Sensor-Equipped Inverted Echo Sounders: Baroclinic and Barotropic
Variability in sea surface height (SSH) can be decomposed into two contributions: one from changes in mass in the water column (barotropic) and the other from purely steric changes (baroclinic). Both contributions can be ...
Baker-Yeboah, Sheekela
Surface tension of the core-crust interface of neutron stars with global charge neutrality
It has been shown recently that taking into account strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational interactions, and fulfilling the global charge neutrality of the system, a transition layer will happen between the core and crust of neutron stars, at the nuclear saturation density. We use relativistic mean field theory together with the Thomas-Fermi approximation to study the detailed structure of this transition layer and calculate its surface and Coulomb energy. We find that the surface tension is proportional to a power-law function of the baryon number density in the core bulk region. We also analyze the influence of the electron component and the gravitational field on the structure of the transition layer and the value of the surface tension to compare and contrast with known phenomenological results in nuclear physics. Based on the above results we study the instability against Bohr-Wheeler surface deformations in the case of neutron stars obeying global charge neutrality. Assuming the core-crust transition at nuclear density $\\rho_{core}\\approx 2.7 * 10^{14}$ g cm$^{-3}$, we find that the instability sets the upper limit to the crust density, $\\rho_{crust}^{crit}\\approx 1.2 * 10^{14}$ g cm$^{-3}$. This result implies a nonzero lower limit to the maximum electric field of the core-crust transition surface and makes inaccessible a limit of quasilocal charge neutrality in the limit $\\rho_{crust}=\\rho_{core}$. The general framework presented here can be also applied to study the stability of sharp phase transitions in hybrid stars as well as in strange stars, both bare and with outer crust. The results of this work open the way to a more general analysis of the stability of these transition surfaces, accounting for other effects such as gravitational binding, centrifugal repulsion, magnetic field induced by rotating electric field, and therefore magnetic dipole-dipole interactions.
Jorge A. Rueda; Remo Ruffini; Yuan-Bin Wu; She-Sheng Xue
Planetary boundary layer depth in Global climate models induced biases in surface climatology
The Earth has warmed in the last century with the most rapid warming occurring near the surface in the arctic. This enhanced surface warming in the Arctic is partly because the extra heat is trapped in a thin layer of air near the surface due to the persistent stable-stratification found in this region. The warming of the surface air due to the extra heat depends upon the amount of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere, which is described by the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In this way the depth of the ABL determines the effective response of the surface air temperature to perturbations in the climate forcing. The ABL depth can vary from tens of meters to a few kilometers which presents a challenge for global climate models which cannot resolve the shallower layers. Here we show that the uncertainties in the depth of the ABL can explain up to 60 percent of the difference between the simulated and observed surface air temperature trends and 50 percent of the difference in temperature variability...
Davy, Richard
Could the Earth's surface Ultraviolet irradiance be blamed for the global warming? A new effect may exist
Whether natural factors could interpret the rise of the Earth's surface temperature is still controversial. Though numerous recent researches have reported apparent correlations between solar activity and the Earth's climate, solar activity has encountered a big problem when describing the rapid global warming after 1970s. Our investigation shows the good positive correlations between the Earth's surface Ultraviolet irradiance (280-400 nm) and the Earth's surface temperature both in temporal and spatial variations by analyzing the global surface Ultraviolet irradiance (280-400 nm) and global surface temperature data from 1980-1999. The rise of CO$_2$ cannot interpret the good positive correlations, and we could even get an opposite result to the good correlations when employing the rise of CO$_2$ to describe the relation between them. Based on the good positive correlations, we suggest a new effect, named "Highly Excited Water Vapor" (HEWV) effect, which can interpret how the Sun influences the Earth's surfac...
Chen, Jilong; Zhao, Juan; Zheng, Yujun
Global Minimum Determination of the Born-Oppenheimer Surface within Density Functional Theory
We present a novel method, which we refer to as the dual minima hopping method, that allows us to find the global minimum of the potential energy surface (PES) within density functional theory for systems where a fast but less accurate calculation of the PES is possible. This method can rapidly find the ground state configuration of clusters and other complex systems with present day computer power by performing a systematic search. We apply the new method to silicon clusters. Even though these systems have already been extensively studied by other methods, we find new global minimum candidates for Si{sub 16} and Si{sub 19}, as well as new low-lying isomers for Si{sub 16}, Si{sub 17}, and Si{sub 18}.
Goedecker, Stefan; Hellmann, Waldemar; Lenosky, Thomas [Institut fuer Physik, Universitaet Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel (Switzerland); Physics Department, Ohio State University, 1040 Physics Research Building, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1117 (United States)
Biogeochemistry in Sea Ice: CICE model developments
Polar primary production unfolds in a dynamic sea ice environment, and the interactions of sea ice with ocean support and mediate this production. In spring, for example, fresh melt water contributes to the shoaling of the mixed layer enhancing ice edge blooms. In contrast, sea ice formation in the fall reduces light penetration to the upper ocean slowing primary production in marine waters. Polar biogeochemical modeling studies typically consider these types of ice-ocean interactions. However, sea ice itself is a biogeochemically active medium, contributing a significant and, possibly, essential source of primary production to polar regions in early spring and fall. Here we present numerical simulations using the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) with prognostic salinity and sea ice biogeochemistry. This study investigates the relationship between sea ice multiphase physics and sea ice productivity. Of particular emphasis are the processes of gravity drainage, melt water flushing, and snow loading. During sea ice formation, desalination by gravity drainage facilitates nutrient exchange between ocean and ice maintaining ice algal blooms in early spring. Melt water flushing releases ice algae and nutrients to underlying waters limiting ice production. Finally, snow loading, particularly in the Southern Ocean, forces sea ice below the ocean surface driving an upward flow of nutrient rich water into the ice to the benefit of interior and freeboard communities. Incorporating ice microphysics in CICE has given us an important tool for assessing the importance of these processes for polar algal production at global scales.
Jeffery, Nicole [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hunke, Elizabeth [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Elliott, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Turner, Adrian [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The effect of surface irradiance on the absorption spectrum of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the global ocean
.2 mm), is responsible for nearly 90% of ultraviolet (UV) radiation attenuation in the global ocean matter in the global ocean Chantal M. Swan a,n , Norman B. Nelson a , David A. Siegel a,b , Tihomir S to better assess the impact of CDOM on surface ocean photochemistry and remote sensing of ocean color
Free and forced tropical variability: role of the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (WES) feedback
of the equator over the Atlantic during El-Nino events. Comparative studies between Last GlacialMaximum (LGM) equivalent imposed northern hemispheric sea-ice experiments withthe WES-off model and the standard model indicate a dominant role for the WESfeedback...
Mahajan, Salil
Investigating the local atmospheric response to a5 realistic shift in the Oyashio sea surface6
, where extratropical SST forcing produces31 shallow anomalous heating balanced by strong equatorward cold the atmosphere, beyond basic thermodynamic air-sea coupling via59 turbulent boundary layer heat flux exchange, most of the SST anomaly induced diabatic heating ( ) is balanced by29 poleward transient eddy heat
Newman, Matthew
Sensitivity of global tropical climate to land surface processes: Mean state and interannual variability
This study examines the sensitivity of global tropical climate to land surface processes (LSP) using an atmospheric general circulation model both uncoupled (with prescribed SSTs) and coupled to an oceanic general circulation model. The emphasis is on the interactive soil moisture and vegetation biophysical processes, which have first order influence on the surface energy and water budgets. The sensitivity to those processes is represented by the differences between model simulations, in which two land surface schemes are considered: 1) a simple land scheme that specifies surface albedo and soil moisture availability, and 2) the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model (SSiB), which allows for consideration of interactive soil moisture and vegetation biophysical process. Observational datasets are also employed to assess the reality of model-revealed sensitivity. The mean state sensitivity to different LSP is stronger in the coupled mode, especially in the tropical Pacific. Furthermore, seasonal cycle of SSTs in the equatorial Pacific, as well as ENSO frequency, amplitude, and locking to the seasonal cycle of SSTs are significantly modified and more realistic with SSiB. This outstanding sensitivity of the atmosphere-ocean system develops through changes in the intensity of equatorial Pacific trades modified by convection over land. Our results further demonstrate that the direct impact of land-atmosphere interactions on the tropical climate is modified by feedbacks associated with perturbed oceanic conditions ("indirect effect" of LSP). The magnitude of such indirect effect is strong enough to suggest that comprehensive studies on the importance of LSP on the global climate have to be made in a system that allows for atmosphere-ocean interactions.
Ma, Hsi-Yen; Xiao, Heng; Mechoso, C. R.; Xue, Yongkang
A New Model to Construct Ice Stream Surface Elevation Profiles and Calculate Contributions to Sea-Level Rise
to 21st-Century Sea-Level Rise. Science, 321, 1340; DOI:in the Face of Sea-Level Rise: A Hybrid Modeling Approachof ice sheets to sea-level rise. Bibliography Alcamo, J. et
Adachi, Yosuke
An updated global grid point surface air temperature anomaly data set: 1851--1990
This document presents land-based monthly surface air temperature anomalies (departures from a 1951--1970 reference period mean) on a 5{degree} latitude by 10{degree} longitude global grid. Monthly surface air temperature anomalies (departures from a 1957--1975 reference period mean) for the Antarctic (grid points from 65{degree}S to 85{degree}S) are presented in a similar way as a separate data set. The data were derived primarily from the World Weather Records and the archives of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. This long-term record of temperature anomalies may be used in studies addressing possible greenhouse-gas-induced climate changes. To date, the data have been employed in generating regional, hemispheric, and global time series for determining whether recent (i.e., post-1900) warming trends have taken place. This document also presents the monthly mean temperature records for the individual stations that were used to generate the set of gridded anomalies. The periods of record vary by station. Northern Hemisphere station data have been corrected for inhomogeneities, while Southern Hemisphere data are presented in uncorrected form. 14 refs., 11 figs., 10 tabs.
Sepanski, R.J.; Boden, T.A.; Daniels, R.C.
International Lige Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, GAS TRANSFER AT WATER SURFACES, May 2 -6 2005 Estimation of air-sea gas and heat fluxes from infrared imagery and
2005 Estimation of air-sea gas and heat fluxes from infrared imagery and surface wave measurements and much higher heat fluxes. In addition, the infrared imagery analysis reveals potentially significant the infrared images. It is also shown that the difference in the surface boundary conditions for heat and gas
Jaehne, Bernd
Global estimation of evapotranspiration using a leaf area index-based surface energy and water balance model
using Advanced Very High Res- olution Radiometer Lai data, Climate Research Unit climate dataGlobal estimation of evapotranspiration using a leaf area index-based surface energy and water-relative-humidity-based two-source (ARTS) E model that simulates the surface energy balance, soil water balance
Martin, Timothy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun with Big Sky LearningGet Assistance GetGiant ProteaseGlass andT.2 -Global
Reply to comment by J. L. Lean on ``Estimated solar contribution to the global surface warming using the ACRIM TSI satellite composite''
Reply to comment by J. L. Lean on ``Estimated solar contribution to the global surface warming contributed at least 1030% of the 0.40 ± 0.04 K global surface warming) depends crucially on the adoption, because it lacks any upward trend between solar cycles 2123, the solar contribution to the global warming
Role of AirSea Interaction in the Long Persistence of El Nin~oInduced North Indian Ocean Warming*
Walker circulation adjustments, causing a sustained SST warming in the tropical southwest IO (SWIO) where in the equatorial Pacific with pro- found influences on the global climate. For example, El Nin~o causes sea surfaceRole of AirSea Interaction in the Long Persistence of El Nin~oInduced North Indian Ocean Warming
Xie, Shang-Ping
Is the basinwide warming in the North Atlantic Ocean related to atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming?
to atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming? Chunzai Wang1 and Shenfu Dong1,2 Received 31 January 2010 is controversial. Some studies argued that the warming is due to global warming in association with the secular sea surface temperature. Here we show that both global warming and AMO variability make a contribution
COMPARISON OF SEA SURFACE ROUGHNESS MODELS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER UTILISATION Bernhard Lange(1), Jrgen Hjstrup(2), Sren Larsen(2), Rebecca Barthelmie(2)
Large offshore wind farms are being built in several countries in Europe. The economic viabilityCOMPARISON OF SEA SURFACE ROUGHNESS MODELS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER UTILISATION Bernhard Lange(1 of such projects depends on the favourable wind conditions of offshore sites, since the higher energy yield has
What influence will future solar activity changes over the 21st century have on projected global near-surface
to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas con- centrations" [IPCC, 2007, p. 10], where "very likely with observed varia- tions and trends in global near-surface temperatures over the 20th century when they include both anthropogenic and natural forcings than when they include natural forcings only [Hegerl et al
Lockwood, Mike
Surface circulation in the Iroise Sea (W. Brittany) from high resolution HF radar mapping
-induced surface currents and the vari- ational interpolation on a regular grid. Combining these processing is characterized by two distinct zones approximately separated by the 100 m isobath: in the offshore zone permanent anticyclonic eddies: north of the western extremity of the Sein archipelago, and north the Ushant
Investigation of transport processes across the sea surface microlayer by infrared imagery
the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of water n and D the diffusion coefficient of the dissolved gas function based on a surface renewal model. Periodic heat flux switching in the wind-wave flume delivers versus wind speed indicates that not only the wind shear but also other processes such as the wave field
Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems
Offshore wind energy is a valuable resource that can provide a significant boost to the US renewable energy portfolio. A current constraint to the development of offshore wind farms is the potential for interference to be caused by large wind farms on existing electronic and acoustical equipment such as radar and sonar systems for surveillance, navigation and communications. The US Department of Energy funded this study as an objective assessment of possible interference to various types of equipment operating in the marine environment where offshore wind farms could be installed. The objective of this project was to conduct a baseline evaluation of electromagnetic and acoustical challenges to sea surface, subsurface and airborne electronic systems presented by offshore wind farms. To accomplish this goal, the following tasks were carried out: (1) survey electronic systems that can potentially be impacted by large offshore wind farms, and identify impact assessment studies and research and development activities both within and outside the US, (2) engage key stakeholders to identify their possible concerns and operating requirements, (3) conduct first-principle modeling on the interactions of electromagnetic signals with, and the radiation of underwater acoustic signals from, offshore wind farms to evaluate the effect of such interactions on electronic systems, and (4) provide impact assessments, recommend mitigation methods, prioritize future research directions, and disseminate project findings. This report provides a detailed description of the methodologies used to carry out the study, key findings of the study, and a list of recommendations derived based the findings.
Ling, Hao [The University of Texas at Austin] [The University of Texas at Austin; Hamilton, Mark F. [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories] [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories; Bhalla, Rajan [Science Applications International Corporation] [Science Applications International Corporation; Brown, Walter E. [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories] [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories; Hay, Todd A. [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories] [The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories; Whitelonis, Nicholas J. [The University of Texas at Austin] [The University of Texas at Austin; Yang, Shang-Te [The University of Texas at Austin] [The University of Texas at Austin; Naqvi, Aale R. [The University of Texas at Austin] [The University of Texas at Austin
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature12156 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature12156 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch William W. L changes in sea surface temperature5 . This study shows that ocean warming has already affected global. Cheung1 , Reg Watson2 & Daniel Pauly3 Marine fishes and invertebrates respond to ocean warming through
Pauly, Daniel
Optimal Estimation of the Surface Fluxes of Chloromethanes Using a 3-D Global Atmospheric
(CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), are chlorine-containing gases concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Center for Global Change Science at MIT
melting is responsible for, 60% comes from glaciers and ice caps.and ice caps will continue to be the dominant contributor to sea-level rise from the land ice-melting
Assessment of Seawater Intrusion Potential From Sea-level Rise in Coastal Aquifers of California
2009). Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Sea Water Intrusion inC. (1997). Global Sea Level Rise: A Redetermination. Surveys2007). Effects of sea-level rise on groundwater flow in a
Lo�iciga, Hugo A; Pingel, Thomas J; Garcia, Elizabeth S
Estimating the Economic Cost of Sea-Level Rise
To improve the estimate of economic costs of future sea-level rise associated with global climate change,
Sugiyama, Masahiro.
Droplets on Inclined Plates: Local and Global Hysteresis of Pinned Capillary Surfaces
Local contact line pinning prevents droplets from rearranging to minimal global energy, and models for droplets without pinning cannot predict their shape. We show that experiments are much better described by a theory, developed herein, that does account for the constrained contact line motion, using as example droplets on tilted plates. We map out their shapes in suitable phase spaces. For 2D droplets, the critical point of maximum tilt depends on the hysteresis range and Bond number. In 3D, it also depends on the initial width, highlighting the importance of the deposition history.
Michiel Musterd; Volkert van Steijn; Chris R. Kleijn; Michiel T. Kreutzer
An investigation of the relationships between rainfall in northeast Brazil and sea surface temperatures of the equatorial regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
;"V IL FEST? GATION OF THE R). LATIONSHIPS BET))'EFN RATNFAI. L IN NOR'I'llL 'EST BRAZIL AND SEA SL'Rl'ACE TFI!PERAT)JRES CF TIIF. Eq?IA'I'ORIA), RFGIONS OF THE PACIFIC AVL' ATLANITIC OCEANS A TI?csiS OV M "u?'v'I N ARTIIL)R COCHRANE Suhrafr...Mcmli c r) / ~g. ember) (Member) May 1977 ABSTRACT An Investigation of the Relationships between Rainfall in Northeast Brazil and Sca Surface Temperatures of the Equatorial Rcgi. ons of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (IJay 1977) . Marvin Arthur...
Cochrane, Marvin Arthur
A continuous satellitederived global record of land surface evapotranspiration from 1983 to 2006
using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) GIMMS NDVI, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) daily climatologies, terrestrial water, and energy budgets and longterm water cycle changes. Citation: Zhang, K., J. S a critical link between terrestrial water, carbon, and surface energy exchanges. The world has experienced
Montana, University of
Sensitivity of Global Tropical Climate to Land Surface Processes: Mean State and Interannual Variability
to be made in a system that allows for atmosphereocean interactions. 1. Introduction Future projections influence on the surface energy and water budgets. The sensitivity to those processes is represented in the intensity of equatorial Pacific trades modified by convection over land. The results further demonstrate
Shipboard Measurements and Estimations of AirSea Fluxes in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean
Shipboard Measurements and Estimations of AirSea Fluxes in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean E dur ing the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean and Atmospheric Response of the surfacelayer turbulence properties are compared with those from previous land and ocean results. Momentum
California at Irvine, University of
E-Print Network 3.0 - aral sea region Sample Search Results
of Miami Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology ; Geosciences 48 Contemporary Sea Level Rise Anny Cazenave and William Llovel Summary: clear evidence of global mean sea...
E-Print Network 3.0 - area mediterranean sea Sample Search Results
this paper is to identify area in the Mediterranean sea where the95 signal of total sea level rise measured... ... Source: Calmanti, Sandro - Department of Environment, Global...
The impact of tropical cyclones (TC) on global climate is still debated. They rapidly mix the water column beneath them, bringing cold water to the surface.
of Climate, 21, 638 Sriver & Huber, 2007, Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropicalThe impact of tropical cyclones (TC) on global climate is still debated. They rapidly mix the water column beneath them, bringing cold water to the surface. One way to parameterise this process
Jones, Peter JS
Arctic sea ice modeling with the material-point method.
Arctic sea ice plays an important role in global climate by reflecting solar radiation and insulating the ocean from the atmosphere. Due to feedback effects, the Arctic sea ice cover is changing rapidly. To accurately model this change, high-resolution calculations must incorporate: (1) annual cycle of growth and melt due to radiative forcing; (2) mechanical deformation due to surface winds, ocean currents and Coriolis forces; and (3) localized effects of leads and ridges. We have demonstrated a new mathematical algorithm for solving the sea ice governing equations using the material-point method with an elastic-decohesive constitutive model. An initial comparison with the LANL CICE code indicates that the ice edge is sharper using Materials-Point Method (MPM), but that many of the overall features are similar.
Peterson, Kara J.; Bochev, Pavel Blagoveston
THE GLOBAL TROPICAL MOORED BUOY ARRAY M. J. McPhaden(1)
for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, Email: email@example.com, masumoto, USA, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency. Intense insolation also leads to the highest open ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in tropics
Impact of dynamic feedbacks between sedimentation, sea-level rise, and biomass production on near-surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation
Impact of dynamic feedbacks between sedimentation, sea-level rise, and biomass production on near Keywords: salt marsh organic sediments accretion sea-level rise belowground biomass carbon storage a b model we explore how marsh stratigraphy responds to sediment supply and the rate of sea- level rise
www.solas-int.org //00//00 surface ocean -lower atmosphere study Mid-Term Strategy theme: Air-sea gas fluxes at Eastern boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) systems
www.solas-int.org //00//00 surface ocean - lower atmosphere study Mid-Term Strategy theme: Air at the SOLAS workshop on "Air-sea fluxes at the Eastern Boundary Upwelling and OMZ systems" 8-10 November 2010
Subsidence, Sea Level Rise, and Seismicity in the Sacramento�San Joaquin Delta
butions to global sea level rise. Nature 428:406-409. Mount420. Reed DJ. 2002a. Sea-level rise and coastal marsh sus-MARCH 2005 Subsidence, Sea Level Rise, and Seismicity in the
Mount, Jeffrey; Twiss, Robert
Surfaces is a collection of four individual essays which focus on the characteristics and tactile qualities of surfaces within a variety of perceived landscapes. Each essay concentrates on a unique surface theme and purpose; ...
DeMaio, Ernest Vincent, 1964-
Threshold detection of radar signals off the sea surface in non-Gaussian clutter and deterministic interference: II - statistical analysis of ROI surface data
The purpose of this report is to motivate and outline a program of data analysis, for data obtained from radar returns from ocean surfaces perturbed by internal waves and wind-wave interactions. The ultimate aims of this analysis are to provide the appropriate statistics of the signals returned from these ocean surfaces for: (1) use in implementing and evaluating optimum and near-optimum signal processing procedures for detecting and evaluating (i.e., measuring) these internal wave effects and, (2) to provide quantitative physical insight into both the surface scatter and subsurface mechanisms which determine the received radar signals. Here the focus is initially on the needed statistics of the radar returns. These are primarily: (i) the (instantaneous) amplitude and envelope probability densities, (pdf`s) and distributions (PDFS) of the returns and, (ii) analogous statistics for the intensities (associated with the pixel data). Also required are: (iii) space-time covariance data of the returns, for further improvement of detection capabilities. Preliminary evidence and earlier experiments suggest that these data [(i), (ii)] are nongaussian and strongly so at times. This in turn, if not properly taken into account, can greatly degrade signal detection in the usual weak-signal regimes [1],[2].
Middleton, D.
Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent intensification of the global land-based hydrological cycle
Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent intensification. Scha¨r (2008), Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent
Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise
Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise Jochen Hinkela,1st century sea-level rise are assessed on a global scale taking into account a wide range- ment and sea-level rise. Uncertainty in global mean and regional sea level was derived from four
Effects of 20002050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy-relevant background surface ozone
) project major changes in anthro- pogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone precur- sors over the 2Effects of 20002050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy; published 27 September 2008. [1] We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by a general
Mickley, Loretta J.
Estimation of methane and carbon dioxide surface fluxes using a 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model
Methane (CH?) and carbon dioxide (CO?) are the two most radiatively important greenhouse gases attributable to human activity. Large uncertainties in their source and sink magnitudes currently exist. We estimate global ...
Chen, Yu-Han, 1973-
The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations climatology, and components from previous models used at GFDL. The land model, known as LM2, includes soil of the coupled model AM2/LM2 is evaluated with a series of prescribed sea-surface temperature (SST) simulations
Bretherton, Chris
arctic seas assessment: Topics by E-print Network
climate connection, total solar irradiance, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, climate variability. Willie W. -h. Soon 2009-01-01 398 2003: Global analyses of sea...
Institutionalizing Unsustainability: The Paradox of Global Climate Governance
results in 4� C global warming, sea level rise, specieslevels of greenhouse gases are responsible for incremental global warming.levels as that of the developing countries, the world would not today have faced the threat of global warming.
Stevenson, Hayley
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 11 JULY 2010 | DOI: 10.1038/NGEO901 Patterns of Indian Ocean sea-level change in a
continental ice1 . However, sea-level rise is not globally uniform15 . Regional sea levels can be affected Ocean sea level with climate-model simulations, to identify a distinct spatial pattern of sea-level rise on some coasts and islands in the Indian Ocean. Global mean sea-level rise since the 1950s has been
Fasullo, John
A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change
S. A. Grodsky (2005), Sea level rise and the warming of thecontributions to sea level rise, Oceanography, 24, 112�121,acceleration in global sea-level rise, Geophys. Res. Lett. ,
Variations of surface water extent and water storage in large river basins: A comparison of different global data sources
of the spatio-temporal variations of total terrestrial water storage (the sum of ground water, soil water1 Variations of surface water extent and water storage in large river basins: A comparison mass variations monitored by GRACE, simulated surface and total water storage from WGHM, water levels
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
E-Print Network 3.0 - altimeter sea ice Sample Search Results
that, on horizontal scales of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, the sea surface... sea-level rise, and altimeter data sets - reflect the changing nature of satellite...
Could the Earth's surface Ultraviolet irradiance be blamed for the global warming? (II) ----Ozone layer depth reconstruction via HEWV effect
It is suggested by Chen {\\it et al.} that the Earth's surface Ultraviolet irradiance ($280-400$ nm) could influence the Earth's surface temperature variation by "Highly Excited Water Vapor" (HEWV) effect. In this manuscript, we reconstruct the developing history of the ozone layer depth variation from 1860 to 2011 based on the HEWV effect. It is shown that the reconstructed ozone layer depth variation correlates with the observational variation from 1958 to 2005 very well ($R=0.8422$, $P>99.9\\%$). From this reconstruction, we may limit the spectra band of the surface Ultraviolet irradiance referred in HEWV effect to Ultraviolet B ($280-320$ nm).
Chen, Jilong; Zheng, Yujun
Testing for the Possible Influence of Unknown Climate Forcings upon Global Temperature Increases from 1950-2000
Global-scale variations in the climate system over the last half of the twentieth century, including long-term increases in global-mean near-surface temperatures, are consistent with concurrent human-induced emissions of radiatively active gases and aerosols. However, such consistency does not preclude the possible influence of other forcing agents, including internal modes of climate variability or unaccounted for aerosol effects. To test whether other unknown forcing agents may have contributed to multidecadal increases in global-mean near-surface temperatures from 1950 to 2000, data pertaining to observed changes in global-scale sea surface temperatures and observed changes in radiatively active atmospheric constituents are incorporated into numerical global climate models. Results indicate that the radiative forcing needed to produce the observed long-term trends in sea surface temperatures�and global-mean near-surface temperatures�is provided predominantly by known changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols. Further, results indicate that less than 10% of the long-term historical increase in global-mean near-surface temperatures over the last half of the twentieth century could have been the result of internal climate variability. In addition, they indicate that less than 25%of the total radiative forcing needed to produce the observed long-term trend in global-mean near-surface temperatures could have been provided by changes in net radiative forcing from unknown sources (either positive or negative). These results, which are derived from simple energy balance requirements, emphasize the important role humans have played in modifying the global climate over the last half of the twentieth century.
Anderson, Bruce T.; Knight, Jeff R.; Ringer, Mark A.; Yoon, Jin-Ho; Cherchi, Annalisa
ICE SHEET SOURCES OF SEA LEVEL RISE AND FRESHWATER DISCHARGE DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION Anders E the sources of sea level rise and freshwater dis- charge to the global oceans associated with retreat of ice10 m sea level rise at 19.019.5 ka, sourced largely from Northern Hemisphere ice sheet retreat
Carlson, Anders
Computer modeling of the global warming effect
The state of knowledge of global warming will be presented and two aspects examined: observational evidence and a review of the state of computer modeling of climate change due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases. Observational evidence, indeed, shows global warming, but it is difficult to prove that the changes are unequivocally due to the greenhouse-gas effect. Although observational measurements of global warming are subject to ``correction,`` researchers are showing consistent patterns in their interpretation of the data. Since the 1960s, climate scientists have been making their computer models of the climate system more realistic. Models started as atmospheric models and, through the addition of oceans, surface hydrology, and sea-ice components, they then became climate-system models. Because of computer limitations and the limited understanding of the degree of interaction of the various components, present models require substantial simplification. Nevertheless, in their present state of development climate models can reproduce most of the observed large-scale features of the real system, such as wind, temperature, precipitation, ocean current, and sea-ice distribution. The use of supercomputers to advance the spatial resolution and realism of earth-system models will also be discussed.
Washington, W.M. [National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
Mixed Layer Lateral Eddy Fluxes Mediated by Air-Sea Interaction
The modulation of air�sea heat fluxes by geostrophic eddies due to the stirring of temperature at the sea surface is discussed and quantified. It is argued that the damping of eddy temperature variance by such air�sea ...
Shuckburgh, Emily
ERDC/CRRELTR-06-16 Propagation of Uncertainties in Sea Ice
of the global heat bal- ance. This capability is attributed to the unique location of sea ice at the interface in the polar region has precipitated increased efforts to measure sea ice thickness as an index for global heatERDC/CRRELTR-06-16 Propagation of Uncertainties in Sea Ice Thickness Calculations from Basin
Geiger, Cathleen
has begun. For the first time daily, global maps of snow cover and sea ice extent are being produced, global maps of snow cover and sea ice extent are being produced in a fully automated fashion from spaceASSESSING THE UTILITY OF MODIS FOR MONITORING SNOW AND SEA ICE EXTENT G. Scharfen, S. Khalsa U
Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Global Statistics
1996). Globalization in Question: International Economy andGlobalization; Justice; Poverty; Underground Economy; United
Crow, Ben D
ARKTOS: An Intelligent System for SAR Sea Ice Image Classification Leen-Kiat Soh1
in meteorology and in global climate studies. For example, the thickness of sea ice influences the heat fluxARKTOS: An Intelligent System for SAR Sea Ice Image Classification Leen-Kiat Soh1 , Costas sea ice image analysis named ARKTOS (Advanced Reasoning using Knowledge for Typing Of Sea ice). ARKTOS
Kansas, University of
SEA ICE MAPPING ALGORITHM FOR QUIKSCAT AND SEAWINDS Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long
SEA ICE MAPPING ALGORITHM FOR QUIKSCAT AND SEAWINDS Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long Brigham firstname.lastname@example.com Abstruct- Polar sea ice extent is an important input to global climate models and is considered are sensitive to the pres- ence of sea ice. An algorithm has been developed for sea ice extent detection using
Long, David G.
Spatial variability of sea level rise due to water impoundment behind dams
Click Here for Full Article Spatial variability of sea level rise due to water impoundment behind global sea level by 30.0 mm and decreasing the rate of sea level rise. The load from impounded water change on sea level rise sources, which include thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of glaciers
Conrad, Clint
PALeo-constraints on SEA-level rise (PALSEA) -a PAGES/IMAGES working group
PALeo-constraints on SEA-level rise (PALSEA) - a PAGES/IMAGES working group Coordinators: Mark for the reduction in ice sheets and subsequent rise in sea level over the next century are highly uncertain rise. Interglacial sea levels constrain the global sensitivity of sea-level to radiative forcing. Well
ELSEVIER Marine Geology 124 (1995) 137-159 A sea-level rise curve
ELSEVIER Marine Geology 124 (1995) 137-159 A sea-level rise curve Koren R. Nydick, Alison B. from emissions of greenhouse gases. 1. Introduction 1.1. Climate and sea-level rise Global sea level has been of peat deposits in salt marshes provide insight into the rates of relative sea-level rise (RSLR
Royer, Dana
Sea level budget over 20032008: A reevaluation from GRACE space gravimetry, satellite altimetry and Argo
global mean sea level rise during the 19932003 decade, the remaining rate of rise being essentially that recent years sea level rise can be mostly explained by an increase of the mass of the oceans. Estimating of sea level rise over that period. We next estimate the steric sea level (i.e., ocean thermal expansion
Evaluating Tidal Marsh Sustainability in the Face of Sea-Level Rise: A Hybrid Modeling Approach Applied to San Francisco Bay
wetland losses due to sea-level rise: regional and global2009) The impact of sea level rise on developing countries:Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sc
Kelly, Maggi
A model of the threedimensional evolution of Arctic melt ponds on firstyear and multiyear sea ice
ice. In the summer the upper layers of sea ice and snow melts producing meltwater that accumulatesA model of the threedimensional evolution of Arctic melt ponds on firstyear and multiyear sea ice F in Arctic melt ponds on the surface of sea ice. An accurate estimate of the fraction of the sea ice surface
Feltham, Daniel
U.S. Global Change Research Program publishes "National Climate...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Super contributor 18 January, 2013 - 15:46 climate change drought OpenEI sea level rise temperatures U.S. Global Climate Change program The U.S. Global Change Research...
of Globalization: Statistics Weiss, L. (1997). "of Globalization: Statistics Milanovic, B. (1999). Truethe focus of global statistics, particularly in relation to
Sea-Level and Climate Change: Should I Sell My Shore House? Kenneth G. Miller,
sea-level rise and land subsidence (sinking). We conclude the following: - The rate of global sea-level. - Global sea-level is predicted to rise by >80 cm (2.6 ft) by 2100 due to thermal expansion of seawater and melting of ice sheets. - Sea-level rise on the U.S. East Coast will exceed 1 m (~3 ft) by 2100 due
) transition of the research results into sustained operations; and 3) management ap- plications in the U, and effective data integration and dissemination. Efficient management of sustained observing sys- tem, and the management and strategic planning applications at CPO. The final discussion contains some concluding remarks
7, 1324313269, 2007 EC fluxes of sea
of radiation, and hence the radiation budget near the surface, over the open oceans (Haywood et al., 1999 Discussions Eddy covariance measurements of sea spray particles over the Atlantic Ocean S. Norris1 , I. Brooks the literature. 1 Introduction Sea spray particles are salt water droplets ejected from the ocean. The aerosols15
Evaluation of cloud fraction and its radiative effect simulated by IPCC AR4 global models against ARM surface observations
Cloud Fraction (CF) is the dominant modulator of radiative fluxes. In this study, we evaluate CF simulations in the IPCC AR4 GCMs against ARM ground measurements, with a focus on the vertical structure, total amount of cloud and its effect on cloud shortwave transmissivity, for both inter-model deviation and model-measurement discrepancy. Our intercomparisons of three CF or sky-cover related dataset reveal that the relative differences are usually less than 10% (5%) for multi-year monthly (annual) mean values, while daily differences are quite significant. The results also show that the model-observation and the inter-model deviations have a similar magnitude for the total CF (TCF) and the normalized cloud effect, and they are twice as large as the surface downward solar radiation and cloud transmissivity. This implies that the other cloud properties, such as cloud optical depth and height, have a similar magnitude of disparity to TCF among the GCMs, and suggests that a better agreement among the GCMs in solar radiative fluxes could be the result of compensating errors in either cloud vertical structure, cloud optical depth or cloud fraction. Similar deviation pattern between inter-model and model-measurement suggests that the climate models tend to generate larger bias against observations for those variables with larger inter-model deviation. The simulated TCF from IPCC AR4 GCMs are very scattered through all seasons over three ARM sites: Southern Great Plains (SGP), Manus, Papua New Guinea and North Slope of Alaska (NSA). The GCMs perform better at SGP than at Manus and NSA in simulating the seasonal variation and probability distribution of TCF; however, the TCF in these models is remarkably underpredicted and cloud transmissivity is less susceptible to the change of TCF than the observed at SGP. Much larger inter-model deviation and model bias are found over NSA than the other sites in estimating the TCF, cloud transmissivity and cloud-radiation interaction, suggesting that the Arctic region continues to challenge cloud simulations in climate models. Most of the GCMs tend to underpredict CF and fail to capture the seasonal variation of CF at middle and low levels in the tropics. The high altitude CF is much larger in the GCMs than the observation and the inter-model variability of CF also reaches maximum at high levels in the tropics. Most of the GCMs tend to underpredict CF by 50-150% relative to the measurement average at low and middle levels over SGP. While the GCMs generally capture the maximum CF in the boundary layer and vertical variability, the inter-model deviation is largest near surface over the Arctic. The internal variability of CF simulated in ensemble runs with the same model is very minimal.
Qian, Yun; Long, Charles N.; Wang, Hailong; Comstock, Jennifer M.; McFarlane, Sally A.; Xie, Shaocheng
Frontiers in Global Change Seminar Series presents ...
Frontiers in Global Change Seminar Series presents ... The Frozen Ocean of Snowball Earth Monday in the interaction of solar radiation with snow, clouds, and sea ice, and their role in climate. His work has driven
Mangroves, Mudbanks and Seawalls: Political Ecology of Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in Suriname.
??This study seeks to understand how global discourses of sea level rise (SLR) and mangrove ecology influence national climate change adaptation policy to reduce coastal� (more)
Nijbroek, Ravic
Sea Mammals:
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartment ofDepartment ofofOxford SiteToledo SiteTonawandaUniversity21PreparedRffiS.-Sea
AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS 19 July 2013 AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM WESTERLY WIND BURSTS DURING1
AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS 19 July 2013 1 AIR #12;AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS 19 July 2013 2 Abstract24 the sea surface. The37 sustained eastward surface jet continued to energize shear-driven entrainment
Reducing uncertainty in high-resolution sea ice models.
Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system, reflecting a significant amount of solar radiation, insulating the ocean from the atmosphere and influencing ocean circulation by modifying the salinity of the upper ocean. The thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice have shown a significant decline in recent decades with implications for global climate as well as regional geopolitics. Increasing interest in exploration as well as climate feedback effects make predictive mathematical modeling of sea ice a task of tremendous practical import. Satellite data obtained over the last few decades have provided a wealth of information on sea ice motion and deformation. The data clearly show that ice deformation is focused along narrow linear features and this type of deformation is not well-represented in existing models. To improve sea ice dynamics we have incorporated an anisotropic rheology into the Los Alamos National Laboratory global sea ice model, CICE. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA) to determine the impact of material parameters on sea ice response functions. Two material strength parameters that exhibited the most significant impact on responses were further analyzed to evaluate their influence on quantitative comparisons between model output and data. The sensitivity analysis along with ten year model runs indicate that while the anisotropic rheology provides some benefit in velocity predictions, additional improvements are required to make this material model a viable alternative for global sea ice simulations.
SEASONAL V A R IA TIONS IN STRUCTURE AND CIRCULATION IN THE RED SEA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTE D and surface circulation in the Red Sea, occur r ing along the north-south axis of the Sea and extending fr om on in the northern Red Sea is frorn the nor th-northwest throughout the year' during the winter ( fr om October
Luther, Douglas S.
Adapting to sea-level rise in the US Southeast: The influence of built infrastructure and biophysical factors on the inundation of coastal areas
The earth' s global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.5[degrees]C over the past 100 years. This warming trend has occurred concurrently with increases in the concentration and number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases may cause this trend to accelerate in the future and result in a net increase in the earth's global mean surface air temperature of 1.5 to 4.5[degrees]C by the year 2100. An increase of this magnitude could cause sea surface temperatures to increase would cause sea levels to rise -from thermal expansion of the sea, and the addition of melt waters from alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets. To allow for the cost-effective analysis of the impacts that sea-level rise may have on the US Southeast, a method is needed that will allow sites that are potentially at risk to be identified for study. Previously, no objective method was available to identify such sites. This project addresses this problem by using a geographic data base with information on both physical and climatological factors to identify coastal areas of the US Southeast that are at risk to inundation or accelerated erosion due to sea-level rise. The following six areas were selected for further study from the many identified as being at high risk: Galveston, Texas; Caminada Pass, Louisiana; Bradenton Beach, Florida; Daytona Beach, Florida; McClellanville, South Carolina; and Nags Head, North Carolina. For each study area the amount of land, by land use type, in danger from inundation from three sea-level-rise scenarios was calculated. The calculated values were based on elevation alone.
Daniels, R.C. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States). Energy, Environment and Resources Center Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)); Gornitz, V.M. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY (United States). Goddard Inst. for Space Studies); Mehta, A.J.; Lee, Saychong (Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering)
The earth` s global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.5{degrees}C over the past 100 years. This warming trend has occurred concurrently with increases in the concentration and number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases may cause this trend to accelerate in the future and result in a net increase in the earth`s global mean surface air temperature of 1.5 to 4.5{degrees}C by the year 2100. An increase of this magnitude could cause sea surface temperatures to increase would cause sea levels to rise -from thermal expansion of the sea, and the addition of melt waters from alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets. To allow for the cost-effective analysis of the impacts that sea-level rise may have on the US Southeast, a method is needed that will allow sites that are potentially at risk to be identified for study. Previously, no objective method was available to identify such sites. This project addresses this problem by using a geographic data base with information on both physical and climatological factors to identify coastal areas of the US Southeast that are at risk to inundation or accelerated erosion due to sea-level rise. The following six areas were selected for further study from the many identified as being at high risk: Galveston, Texas; Caminada Pass, Louisiana; Bradenton Beach, Florida; Daytona Beach, Florida; McClellanville, South Carolina; and Nags Head, North Carolina. For each study area the amount of land, by land use type, in danger from inundation from three sea-level-rise scenarios was calculated. The calculated values were based on elevation alone.
Daniels, R.C. [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States). Energy, Environment and Resources Center]|[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Gornitz, V.M. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY (United States). Goddard Inst. for Space Studies; Mehta, A.J.; Lee, Saychong [Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering; Cushman, R.M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Can a Convective Cloud Feedback Help to Eliminate Winter Sea Ice at High CO2 Concentrations?
have remote effects on global climate as well. Accurate forecasting of winter sea ice has significantCan a Convective Cloud Feedback Help to Eliminate Winter Sea Ice at High CO2 Concentrations? DORIAN) ABSTRACT Winter sea ice dramatically cools the Arctic climate during the coldest months of the year and may
Tziperman, Eli
Svalbard glacier elevation changes and contribution to sea level rise Christopher Nuth,1
Svalbard glacier elevation changes and contribution to sea level rise Christopher Nuth,1 Geir contribution to global sea level rise of 0.026 mm yr�?1 sea level equivalent. Citation: Nuth, C., G. Moholdt, J level rise, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F01008, doi:10.1029/2008JF001223. 1. Introduction [2] The most recent
Kääb, Andreas
Meteorologically driven trends in sea level rise Alexander S. Kolker1
Meteorologically driven trends in sea level rise Alexander S. Kolker1 and Sultan Hameed2 Received] Determining the rate of global sea level rise (GSLR) during the past century is critical to understanding a suite of coastal oceanographic processes. These findings reduce variability in regional sea level rise
Hameed, Sultan
Estimating the economic cost of sea-level rise Masahiro Sugiyama
Estimating the economic cost of sea-level rise by Masahiro Sugiyama Bachelor of Science in Earth To improve the estimate of economic costs of future sea-level rise associated with global climate change, the thesis generalizes the sea-level rise cost function originally proposed by Fankhauser, and applies
Thermosteric sea level rise, 19552003 J. I. Antonov, S. Levitus, and T. P. Boyer
Thermosteric sea level rise, 19552003 J. I. Antonov, S. Levitus, and T. P. Boyer National/year to global sea level rise. About half of this thermosteric trend is due to warming of the Atlantic Ocean), Thermosteric sea level rise, 19552003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12602, doi:10.1029/2005GL023112. 1
Mean and Variability of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in the Indian Ocean
-sea heat Fluxes) Project: blended product planned activity: daily, 1º-grid, mid 1950's present currently available: daily, 1º-grid, 1988-2003 #12;OAFlux (Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Heat Fluxes) For the GlobalMean and Variability of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in the Indian Ocean Lisan Yu Woods Hole Oceanographic
September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2 warming above present
September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2 C global warming above present Irina; published 24 March 2012. [1] The decline of Arctic sea ice is one of the most visible signs of climate change over the past several decades. Arctic sea ice area shows large interannual variability due
Impact of global dimming and brightening on global warming Martin Wild,1
Impact of global dimming and brightening on global warming Martin Wild,1 Atsumu Ohmura,1 and Knut February 2007. [1] Speculations on the impact of variations in surface solar radiation on global warming was responsible for the observed warming. To disentangle surface solar and greenhouse influences on global warming
A parametric study of directional sea modeling
examines the effect due to wave loading described by the directional sea spectrum on the response of offshore structures. The use of directional seas in design is expected to provide a better representation of the ocean surface and associated kinematics... as compared to unidirectional theory. This in turn should provide a basis for minimizing the overdesign of offshore structures. Several of the more popular directional wave spreading functions are intro- duced. A parametric study is conducted in order...
Whatley, Christopher Paul
SEAS Safety Program SEAS SAFETY PROGRAM 2013-2014
SEAS Safety Program SEAS SAFETY PROGRAM 2013-2014 Program Structure and Responsibilities Dr. Anas Chalah #12;SEAS Safety Program SEAS Safety Program Structure We have developed a great model of collaboration among · EHSEM · SEAS Safety Program · SEAS Facilities which accounts for the regulatory component
SEAS Safety Program SEAS SAFETY PROGRAM 2012-2103
SEAS Safety Program SEAS SAFETY PROGRAM 2012-2103 Program Structure and Responsibilities Dr. Anas Chalah #12;SEAS Safety Program SEAS Safety Program Structure We have developed a great model of collaboration among · EHSEM · SEAS Safety Program · SEAS Facilities which accounts for the regulatory component
The Rising Sea
in the thick of a sea level rise. After reading the evidencepredictive figure for ocean level rise by the turn of thethat a 7-foot (2 m) sea level rise by the year 2100 should
Miller, Ryder W.
Scientist warns against overselling climate change Climate change forecasters should admit that they cannot predict how global warming will affect
that they cannot predict how global warming will affect individual countries, a leading physicist has said-of-deaths-from-ozone-predicted.html) Antarctic sea floor gives clues about effects of future global warming (/earth/environment/climatechange /5279223/Antarctic-sea-floor-gives-clues-about-affects-of-future-global-warming.html) The Vanishing Face
Stevenson, Paul
ERA-40 SST and Sea Ice Concentration Data
The lower boundary condition of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice concentration (sic) is a critical forcing of the lower frequencies in multi-decadal global atmospheric reanalyses such as ERA-40. Partly in response to the ERA-40 project, new SST/sic data sets have been developed that are considerably improved over those available to the first-generation reanalyses. This paper documents the input SST/sic data sets and the processing that created the daily SST/sic specification for the ERA-40 period 1956-2001. The source data are: (1) the monthly mean HadISST data set from the UKMO Hadley Centre for 1956-1981; and (2) the weekly NCEP 2DVAR data for 1982-present. Both data sets are reanalyses of satellite and conventional SST/sic observations. The principal reason for the higher quality of these source data sets is the use of a common consensus sic and a common sic-SST relationship in the sea ice margins. The use of a common sic resulted in a very smooth transition between HadISST and NCEP 2DVAR, despite differences in data assimilation techniques and monthly versus weekly analyses. No special action was required to insure consistency at the transition unlike as was necessary for the AMIP II experiment (Fiorino, 1997). The only special processing was application of the AMIP II mid-month calculation (Taylor et al., 2000) for the interpolation of monthly mean data to daily values. This scheme insures that the monthly mean of the daily-interpolated data is nearly identical to the input monthly mean. Detailed comparisons of the SST and sic during the HadISST-NCEP transition, and other long time series, are given. We also compare the NCEP 2DVAR (circa 2000) to a newer version of the OISST (V2, circa 2001) and demonstrate that the small differences should have no impact on the ERA-40 atmosphere reanalyses.
Fiorino, M
Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: Indications for imminent acceleration
Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: Indications changes in global mean sea level (MSL) rise have important practical implications for shoreline and beach occurred after the mid1970s regime shift, can account for the suppression of regional sea level rise along
Bromirski, Peter D.
Mechanisms of air-sea CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic
Mechanisms of air-sea CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic Galen A circulation model is used to estimate the magnitude of interannual variability in air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 from 19801998 and to examine the controlling mechanisms. The global variability in the air-sea flux
Follows, Mick
Global Warming: Is There Still Time to Avoid
Global Warming: Is There Still Time to Avoid Disastrous Human -Made Climate Change? i.e. Have We simulations. (B) Simulated and observed surface temperature change. #12;21st Century Global Warming Climate) Simulated Global Warming Warming
Hansen, James E.
The spatial response function of SeaWinds backscatter measurements
regions are used to produce images of the Earth's land and ice surfaces to support climate studies in a wide variety of studies, including ocean wind retrieval, sea-ice mapping and classification, iceberg are also collected over the land and ice areas of the Earth. SeaWinds measurements over these land and ice
Sandia National Laboratories: sea surface salinity
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1developmentturbineredox-active perovskiteremoving thereversetunneling
Sandia National Laboratories: sea surface temperature
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1developmentturbineredox-active perovskiteremoving thereversetunnelingtemperature NASA
Streamline Regularization for Large Discontinuous Motion of Sea Ice , C. A. Geiger1
Streamline Regularization for Large Discontinuous Motion of Sea Ice M. Thomas1 , C. A. Geiger1 , P the sea ice on the po- lar ocean surfaces serve as thermal regulators for the planet. The variable thickness and dynamic nature of the sea ice is intimately connected with the thermal reg- ulation
Global warming and global dioxide emission: An empirical study
In this paper, the dynamic relationship between global surface temperature (global warming) and global carbon dioxide emission (CO{sub 2}) is modelled and analyzed by causality and spectral analysis in the time domain and frequency domain, respectively. Historical data of global CO{sub 2} emission and global surface temperature anomalies over 129 years from 1860-1988 are used in this study. The causal relationship between the two phenomena is first examined using the Sim and Granger causality test in the time domain after the data series are filtered by ARIMA models. The Granger causal relationship is further scrutinized and confirmed by cross-spectral and multichannel spectral analysis in the frequency domain. The evidence found from both analyses proves that there is a positive causal relationship between the two variables. The time domain analysis suggests that Granger causality exists between global surface temperature and global CO{sub 2} emission. Further, CO{sub 2} emission causes the change in temperature. The conclusions are further confirmed by the frequency domain analysis, which indicates that the increase in CO{sub 2} emission causes climate warming because a high coherence exists between the two variables. Furthermore, it is proved that climate changes happen after an increase in CO{sub 2} emission, which confirms that the increase in CO{sub 2} emission does cause global warming. 27 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Linyan Sun [Xian Jiaotong Univ., Shaanxi (China); Wang, M. [Saint Mary`s Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products
A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968 2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.
Sabine, Christopher [NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Hankin, S. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Koyuk, H [Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington; Bakker, D C E [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Pfeil, B [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen; Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway; Olsen, A [Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen, Norway; Metzl, N [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Kozyr, Alexander [ORNL; Fassbender, A [School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Manke, A [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Malczyk, J [Jetz Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University; Akl, J [CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Alin, S R [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Bellerby, R G J [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Borges, A [University of Liege, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique, Liege, Belgium; Boutin, J [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Brown, P J [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Cai, W-J [Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia; Chavez, F P [Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA; Chen, A [Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cosa, C [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Feely, R A [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Gonzalez-Davila, M [Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,; Goyet, C [Institut de Mod�lisation et d'Analyse en G�o-Environnement et Sant�, Universit� de Perpignan; Hardman-Mountford, N [CSIRO, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia; Heinze, C [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hoppema, M [Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Hunt, C W [Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire; Hydes, D [National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK; Ishii, M [Japan Meteorological Agency, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan; Johannessen, T [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Key, R M [Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Kortzinger, A [GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany; Landschutzer, P [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Lauvset, S K [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Lefevre, N [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Lenton, A [Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Lourantou, A [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Merlivat, L [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Midorikawa, T [Nagasaki Marine Observatory, Nagasaki, Japan; Mintrop, L [MARIANDA, Kiel, Germany; Miyazaki, C [Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Murata, A [Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Nakadate, A [Marine Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Nakano, Y [Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Nakaoka, S [National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan; Nojiri, Y [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; et al.
Accurate ab initio-based adiabatic global potential energy surface for the 2{sup 2}A? state of NH{sub 2} by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit
A full three-dimensional global potential energy surface is reported first time for the title system, which is important for the photodissociation processes. It is obtained using double many-body expansion theory and an extensive set of accurate ab initio energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Such a work can be recommended for dynamics studies of the N({sup 2}D) + H{sub 2} reaction, a reliable theoretical treatment of the photodissociation dynamics and as building blocks for constructing the double many-body expansion potential energy surface of larger nitrogen/hydrogen containing systems. In turn, a preliminary theoretical study of the reaction N({sup 2}D)+H{sub 2}(X{sup 1}?{sub g}{sup +})(?=0,j=0)?NH(a{sup 1}?)+H({sup 2}S) has been carried out with the method of quasi-classical trajectory on the new potential energy surface. Integral cross sections and thermal rate constants have been calculated, providing perhaps the most reliable estimate of the integral cross sections and the rate constants known thus far for such a reaction.
Li, Y. Q.; Ma, F. C. [Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036 (China)] [Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036 (China); Sun, M. T. [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)] [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Swell : a proposition for coastal metropolises in the age of rising seas and distributed centralization
Premised upon the certain realities of the rise of urban sprawl, globalized dynamic networks, and sea levels, this thesis seeks to question these forces and mobilize the inherent potentials that lie within their intersections. ...
Dorsey, Talia (Talia H.)
Observed Feedback between Winter Sea Ice and the North Atlantic Oscillation
variability and climate feedbacks in a global coupled model.Ocean JOURNAL OF CLIMATE feedback on the North Atlantic2009 STRONG ET AL. Observed Feedback between Winter Sea Ice
Strong, Courtenay; Magnusdottir, Gudrun; Stern, Hal
The Role of Oceans and Sea Ice in Abrupt Transitions between Multiple Climate States
The coupled climate dynamics underlying large, rapid, and potentially irreversible changes in ice cover are studied. A global atmosphere�ocean�sea ice general circulation model with idealized aquaplanet geometry is forced ...
Rose, Brian E. J.
On the Interaction between Marine Boundary Layer Cellular Cloudiness and Surface Heat Fluxes
The interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface uxes of sensible and latent heat is investigated. The investigation focuses on the non-precipitating closed-cell state and the precipitating open-cell state at low geostrophic wind speed. The Advanced Research WRF model is used to conduct cloud-system-resolving simulations with interactive surface fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol, and with a detailed representation of the interaction between aerosol particles and clouds. The mechanisms responsible for the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the surface heat fluxes in the closed- and open-cell state are investigated and explained. It is found that the horizontal spatial structure of the closed-cell state determines, by entrainment of dry free tropospheric air, the spatial distribution of surface air temperature and water vapor, and, to a lesser degree, of the surface sensible and latent heat flux. The synchronized dynamics of the the open-cell state drives oscillations in surface air temperature, water vapor, and in the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol. Open-cell cloud formation, cloud optical depth and liquid water path, and cloud and rain water path are identified as good predictors of the spatial distribution of surface air temperature and sensible heat flux, but not of surface water vapor and latent heat flux. It is shown that by enhancing the surface sensible heat flux, the open-cell state creates conditions by which it is maintained. While the open-cell state under consideration is not depleted in aerosol, and is insensitive to variations in sea-salt fluxes, it also enhances the sea-salt flux relative to the closed-cell state. In aerosol-depleted conditions, this enhancement may replenish the aerosol needed for cloud formation, and hence contribute to the perpetuation of the open-cell state as well. Spatial homogenization of the surface fluxes is found to have only a small effect on cloud properties in the investigated cases. This indicates that sub-grid scale spatial variability in the surface flux of sensible and latent heat and of sea salt aerosol may not be required in large scale and global models to describe marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness.
Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.; Wang, Hailong; Yamaguchi, T.
Sea level rise implications on shoreline changes: expectations from a retrospective analysis
Sea level rise implications on shoreline changes: expectations from a retrospective analysis Gonéri de Recherche et de Formation en Calcul Scientifique (Cerfacs) Sea level rise is a major consequence level rise is up to 3 times the global mean rate (estimated as 3.5 mm per year since the early 1990s
CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. F. Sevault, S. Somot, M. Dqu
CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. F. Sevault, S. Somot, M. Déqué firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT The question of the evolution of the Mediterranean Sea under the climatic is in consequence affected. 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change is scientifically established and globally described
Ribes, Aurélien
Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol: 1. Model improvements and evaluation
Marine organic aerosol emissions have been implemented and evaluated within the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 7-mode Modal Aerosol Module (MAM-7). Emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (POA), phytoplanktonproduced isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and methane sulfonate (MS{sup -}) are shown to affect surface concentrations of organic aerosols in remote marine regions. Global emissions of submicron marine POA is estimated to be 7.9 and 9.4 Tg yr{sup -1}, for the Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) emission parameterizations, respectively. Marine sources of SOA and particulate MS{sup -} (containing both sulfur and carbon atoms) contribute an additional 0.2 and 5.1 Tg yr{sup -1}, respectively. Widespread areas over productive waters of the Northern Atlantic, Northern Pacific, and the Southern Ocean show marine-source submicron organic aerosol surface concentrations of 100 ngm{sup -3}, with values up to 400 ngm{sup -3} over biologically productive areas. Comparison of long-term surface observations of water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) with POA concentrations from the two emission parameterizations shows that despite revealed discrepancies (often more than a factor of 2), both Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) formulations are able to capture the magnitude of marine organic aerosol concentrations, with the Gantt et al. (2011) parameterization attaining better seasonality. Model simulations show that the mixing state of the marine POA can impact the surface number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The largest increases (up to 20 %) in CCN (at a supersaturation (S) of 0.2 %) number concentration are obtained over biologically productive ocean waters when marine organic aerosol is assumed to be externally mixed with sea-salt. Assuming marine organics are internally-mixed with sea-salt provides diverse results with increases and decreases in the concentration of CCN over different parts of the ocean. The sign of the CCN change due to the addition of marine organics to seasalt aerosol is determined by the relative significance of the increase in mean modal diameter due to addition of mass, and the decrease in particle hygroscopicity due to compositional changes in marine aerosol. Based on emerging evidence for increased CCN concentration over biologically active surface ocean areas/periods, our study suggests that treatment of sea spray in global climate models (GCMs) as an internal mixture of marine organic aerosols and sea-salt will likely lead to an underestimation in CCN number concentration.
Meskhidze, N.; Xu, J.; Gantt, Brett; Zhang, Yang; Nenes, Athanasios; Ghan, Steven J.; Liu, Xiaohong; Easter, Richard C.; Zaveri, Rahul A.
Global Warming
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun with Big Sky LearningGet Assistance GetGiantOn The VergeGlobal Threat1 Global
The Aleutian Low and Winter Climatic Conditions in the Bering Sea. Part I: Classification*
this relationship through a tendency of individual storm sys- tems that preferentially pump warm air poleward as a primary determinant of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in the Bering Sea during the winter- sition of the low is important to the Bering Sea through its impact on circulation, surface heat fluxes
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 24, NO.12, PAGES 1503-1506, JUNE 15, 1997 Spatial variations in the rate of sea level rise caused by
in the rate of sea level rise caused by the present-day melting of glaciers and ice sheets Clinton P. Conrad. Becausemostlong duration tide gaugesarein.the northernhemisphere,if the sources of sea level rise are unbalanced between the two hemispheres,estimates of global sea level rise could be in error by 10 to 20%. Individual
Orographic effects during winter cold air outbreaks over the Sea of Japan (East Sea): Results
scatterometer wind measurements, such as the wakes (vortex street) in the lee of peaks along the range. Our of the coastal topography on the surface wind field during outbreaks has not been investigated in de- tail equations, orographic effect, gap wind, rotating channel flow, Rossby adjustment, Sea of Japan, air
Scotti, Alberto
DELIVERABLE Central North Sea
, as that has the same learning, but for more cost and more scale-up risk. The Central North Sea can produce into a guaranteed network for transportation and storage of captured CO2. Recent studies examining the levelised
Haszeldine, Stuart
Earth'sFuture Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss
Earth'sFuture Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear inertia and albedo effects in the ocean and expanded sea ice. The combined cooling and enhanced UV would put significant pressures on global food supplies and could trigger a global nuclear famine. Knowledge
Robock, Alan
Controls on Eurasian coastal sea ice formation, melt onset and decay from ERS scatterometry: regional contrasts and effects of river
first-year sea ice (FYI) are observed in the Eurasian Arctic using the C-band (5.3 GHz) European RemoteControls on Eurasian coastal sea ice formation, melt onset and decay from ERS scatterometry and Kolyma rivers. Melt onset of the sea ice surface is associated with abrupt changes in s0 40, with values
Smith, Laurence C.
Global Health Research | 2 Global Health Research
Global Health Research | 2 Global Health Research Supporting researchers in low- and middle-income countries to carry out health- related research within their own countries. Gl bal Health #12;3 | Global Health Research #12;Global Health Research | 4 We are a global charitable foundation dedicated
Rambaut, Andrew
Title: SeaWiFS Studying the Ocean from Space Lesson developed by Elizabeth Tobin*.
to better understand the ocean as a system. Students will learn about NASA's SeaWiFS Project, and how NASA in the global carbon cycle. Students will then have the opportunity to simulate how NASA scientists use ocean color intensity to identify phytoplankton abundances on a global scale. Grade levels: 8th - 12th grade
Carrington, Emily
Understanding Global Capitalism
sociology; globalization; political economy; development;economy fueled through 700 billion dollars injected into globalizationGlobalization Studies, also called CGS. I would economy and
Robinson, William I.
Review: Global Climate Change
introduction to global climate change, the greenhouseReview: Global Climate Change: A Primer By Orrin H PilkeyPilkey, Keith C. Global Climate Change: a primer. Durham,
Smith, Jennifer
average daily global: Topics by E-print Network
14,000 1 31 61 91 121 151 181 211 241 271 301 331 361 Year Oregon, University of 14 What Global Warming Looks Like The July 2010 global map of surface temperature anomalies...
average detecting global: Topics by E-print Network
arises in imple- menting the most basic command of a debugging system Garg, Vijay 13 What Global Warming Looks Like The July 2010 global map of surface temperature anomalies...
AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS 12 November 2013 AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM WESTERLY WIND BURSTS DURING1
AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS 12 November 2013 1 AIR associated with the Madden-Julian21 Oscillation.22 23 #12;AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM MJO WESTERLY eastward surface jet continued to energize shear-38 driven entrainment at its base (near 100 m depth
Academy for Global Engagement
Academy for Global Engagement 2013-2014 Global Fellows #12;Meredith Gore and Wildlife #12;Global Research Interests · risk percepHon and public support and Agricultural Engineering #12;Global Research Interests · catalyHc conversion of biomass
global warming's six indias
global warming's six indias: An Audience Segmentation Analysis #12;Global Warming's Six Indias 1............................................................................................................................................20 2. Global Warming Beliefs and Attitudes................................................................................ 21 Knowledge about global warming varies widely by group
Haller, Gary L.
Maps, Networks and a Sea That Won�t Conform: Thinking Critically About Marine Spatial Planning in Scotland�
Scotland has adopted marine spatial planning (MSP) as a key instrument of its National Marine Plan. This follows a global trend in shifting marine governance techniques. MSP is turn away from sectoral governance of the sea ...
Smith, Glen
Misrepresentations of Sargasso Sea temperatures by Arthur B. Robinson et al.
Keigwin (Science 274:1504-1508, 1996) reconstructed the sea surface temperature (SST) record in the northern Sargasso Sea to document natural climate variability in recent millennia. The annual average SST proxy used {delta}{sup 18}O in planktonic foraminifera in a radiocarbon-dated 1990 Bermuda Rise box core. Keigwin's Fig. 4B (K4B) shows a 50-year-averaged time series along with four decades of SST measurements from Station S near Bermuda, demonstrating that the Sargasso Sea is now at its warmest in more than 400 years, and well above the most recent box-core temperature. Taken together, Station S and paleo-temperatures suggest there was an acceleration of warming in the 20th century, though this was not an explicit conclusion of the paper. Keigwin concluded that anthropogenic warming may be superposed on a natural warming trend. In an unpublished paper circulated with the anti-Kyoto 'Oregon Petition,' Robinson et al. ('Environmental Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide,' 1998) reproduced K4B but (1) omitted Station S data, (2) incorrectly stated that the time series ended in 1975, (3) conflated Sargasso Sea data with global temperature, and (4) falsely claimed that Keigwin showed global temperatures 'are still a little below the average for the past 3,000 years.' Keigwin's Fig. 2 showed that {delta}{sup 18}O has increased over the past 6000 years, so SSTs calculated from those data would have a long term decrease. Thus, it is inappropriate to compare present-day SST to a long term mean unless the trend is removed. Slight variations of Robinson et al. (1998) have been repeatedly published with different author rotations. Various mislabeled, improperly-drawn, and distorted versions of K4B have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, in weblogs, and even as an editorial cartoon-all supporting baseless claims that current temperatures are lower than the long-term mean, and traceable to Robinson's misrepresentation with Station S data removed. In 2007, Robinson added a fictitious 2006 temperature that is significantly lower than the measured data. This doctored version of K4B with fabricated data was reprinted in a 2008 Heartland Institute advocacy report, 'Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate.'
Keigwin, Lloyd (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA); Boslough, Mark Bruce Elrick
Climate Change and a Global City: An Assessment of the Metropolitan East Coast (MEC) Region.
and wastewater processing plants are located at critical low elevations. They are exposed to coastal or riverine cities in the US and the world face similar problems. Sea level rise is a global issue of increasing
Sea Level Rise Media Release
Sea Level Rise Media Release Coverage Report 07/06/2009 Melting Ice Could Lead to Massive Waves 06/11/2009 Rising sea levels could see U.S. Atlantic coast cities make hard choices; Where to let Baltimore Chronicle & Sentinel, The 06/08/2009 Rapid rise in sea levels on East Coast predicted Pittsburgh
Hu, Aixue
A Physically Based Framework for Modelling the Organic Fractionation of Sea Spray Aerosol from Bubble Film Langmuir Equilibria
The presence of a large fraction of organic matter in primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) can strongly affect its cloud condensation nuclei activity and interactions with marine clouds. Global climate models require new parameterizations of the SSA composition in order to improve the representation of these processes. Existing proposals for such a parameterization use remotely-sensed chlorophyll-a concentrations as a proxy for the biogenic contribution to the aerosol. However, both observations and theoretical considerations suggest that existing relationships with chlorophyll-a, derived from observations at only a few locations, may not be representative for all ocean regions. We introduce a novel framework for parameterizing the fractionation of marine organic matter into SSA based on a competitive Langmuir adsorption equilibrium at bubble surfaces. Marine organic matter is partitioned into classes with differing molecular weights, surface excesses, and Langmuir adsorption parameters. The classes include a lipid-like mixture associated with labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a polysaccharide-like mixture associated primarily with semi-labile DOC, a protein-like mixture with concentrations intermediate between lipids and polysaccharides, a processed mixture associated with recalcitrant surface DOC, and a deep abyssal humic-like mixture. Box model calculations have been performed for several cases of organic adsorption to illustrate the underlying concepts. We then apply the framework to output from a global marine biogeochemistry model, by partitioning total dissolved organic carbon into several classes of macromolecule. Each class is represented by model compounds with physical and chemical properties based on existing laboratory data. This allows us to globally map the predicted organic mass fraction of the nascent submicron sea spray aerosol. Predicted relationships between chlorophyll-\\textit{a} and organic fraction are similar to existing empirical parameterizations, but can vary between biologically productive and non-productive regions, and seasonally within a given region. Major uncertainties include the bubble film thickness at bursting and the variability of organic surfactant activity in the ocean, which is poorly constrained. In addition, marine colloids and cooperative adsorption of polysaccharides may make important contributions to the aerosol, but are not included here. This organic fractionation framework is an initial step towards a closer linking of ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol chemical composition in Earth system models. Future work should focus on improving constraints on model parameters through new laboratory experiments or through empirical fitting to observed relationships in the real ocean and atmosphere, as well as on atmospheric implications of the variable composition of organic matter in sea spray.
Burrows, Susannah M.; Ogunro, O.; Frossard, Amanda; Russell, Lynn M.; Rasch, Philip J.; Elliott, S.
A sensitivity study of the thermodynamic environment on GFDL model hurricane intensity: Implications for global warming
In this study, the effect of thermodynamic environmental changes on hurricane intensity is extensively investigated with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model for a suite of experiments with different initial upper-tropospheric temperature anomalies up to {+-}4 C and sea surface temperatures ranging from 26 to 31 C given the same relative humidity profile. The results indicate that stabilization in the environmental atmosphere and sea surface temperature (SST) increase cause opposing effects on hurricane intensity. The offsetting relationship between the effects of atmospheric stability increase (decrease) and SST increase (decrease) is monotonic and systematic in the parameter space. This implies that hurricane intensity increase due to a possible global warming associated with increased CO{sub 2} is considerably smaller than that expected from warming of the oceanic waters alone. The results also indicate that the intensity of stronger (weaker) hurricanes is more (less) sensitive to atmospheric stability and SST changes. The model-attained hurricane intensity is found to be well correlated with the maximum surface evaporation and the large-scale environmental convective available potential energy. The model-attained hurricane intensity if highly correlated with the energy available from wet-adiabatic ascent near the eyewall relative to a reference sounding in the undisturbed environment for all the experiments. Coupled hurricane-ocean experiments show that hurricane intensity becomes less sensitive to atmospheric stability and SST changes since the ocean coupling causes larger (smaller) intensity reduction for stronger (weaker) hurricanes. This implies less increase of hurricane intensity related to a possible global warming due to increased CO{sub 2}.
Shen, W.; Tuleya, R.E.; Ginis, I.
The area and volume of sea ice in the Arc-tic Ocean is decreasing, with some predict-
, while loss of sea ice could cause stress for polar bears. Moreover, global climate may be affected ice forms in winter,which melts and/or gets exported out of the Arctic. The recent decrease in summer of this community is evi- dence that the sea ice cap has not disap- peared during the Quaternary. The remains
Long, Bernard
Global energy and global precipitation
terms) Atmosphere Net top of atmosphere incoming flux (N) 1 W/m2 Net surface flux (Rs) 100 W/m2 Sensible fluxes must sum to zero. Thus: S+LP+N-Rs=0 So LP=Rs-N-S 80 W/m2 (convert to Kg/m2/day by scaling by ~ 0? Atmosphere Change in Net top of atmosphere incoming flux ( N) 4 W/m2 Change in Net surface flux ( Rs) 1 W/m2
of Arizona #12;Weiss and Overpeck, University of Arizona #12;MELTING OF GREENLAND ICE CAP Satellite Complete melt of the Greenland ice sheet would raise the level of the global ocean 7 meters. #12 thousand years Polar ice cores #12;GREENHOUSE GAS FORCING AND CHANGE IN GLOBAL MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Schwartz, Stephen E.
Development, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification of high-fidelity arctic sea ice models.
Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system and due to feedback effects the Arctic ice cover is changing rapidly. Predictive mathematical models are of paramount importance for accurate estimates of the future ice trajectory. However, the sea ice components of Global Climate Models (GCMs) vary significantly in their prediction of the future state of Arctic sea ice and have generally underestimated the rate of decline in minimum sea ice extent seen over the past thirty years. One of the contributing factors to this variability is the sensitivity of the sea ice to model physical parameters. A new sea ice model that has the potential to improve sea ice predictions incorporates an anisotropic elastic-decohesive rheology and dynamics solved using the material-point method (MPM), which combines Lagrangian particles for advection with a background grid for gradient computations. We evaluate the variability of the Los Alamos National Laboratory CICE code and the MPM sea ice code for a single year simulation of the Arctic basin using consistent ocean and atmospheric forcing. Sensitivities of ice volume, ice area, ice extent, root mean square (RMS) ice speed, central Arctic ice thickness, and central Arctic ice speed with respect to ten different dynamic and thermodynamic parameters are evaluated both individually and in combination using the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA). We find similar responses for the two codes and some interesting seasonal variability in the strength of the parameters on the solution.
Peterson, Kara J.; Bochev, Pavel Blagoveston; Paskaleva, Biliana S.
apres irradiation globale: Topics by E-print Network
necessary for the evaluation of global irradiance on inclined surface which is needed for photovoltaic Boyer, Edmond 7 Caractristiques lectriques de diodes Au-Si(N) ralises aprs...
Coupled variability and air-sea interaction in the South Atlantic Andreas Sterl, Wilco Hazeleger
and Tanimoto (1998) describe a pan-Atlantic SST pattern reaching from South Africa to Greenland. Most studiesCoupled variability and air-sea interaction in the South Atlantic Ocean Andreas Sterl, Wilco mechanisms involved in forcing and damping of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the South Atlantic
Momentum Flux Budget across the AirSea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds
Momentum Flux Budget across the AirSea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds YALIN into ocean currents is equal to the flux from air (wind stress). However, when the surface wave field grows the momentum flux budget across the airsea interface under both uniform and idealized TC winds. The wave
Rhode Island, University of
MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets
information is required to parameterize land surface processes in regional-to-global scale Earth system models
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
Periodic fluctuations in deep water formation due to sea ice
During the last ice age several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events took place. Known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events their effects were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest temperature anomalies. Paleoclimate data shows that the fluctuations often occurred right after massive glacial meltwater releases in the North Atlantic and in bursts of three or four with progressively decreasing strengths. In this study a simple dynamical model of an overturning circulation and sea ice is developed with the goal of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that could have caused the DO events. Interaction between sea ice and the overturning circulation in the model produces self-sustained oscillations. Analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the insulating effect of sea ice causes the ocean to periodically vent out accumulated heat in the deep ocean into the atmosphere. Subjecting the model to idealized freshwater forcing mimicking Heinrich events causes modulation of the natural p...
Saha, Raj
QUESTIONS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING ¥IS IT REAL? ¥IS IT IMPORTANT? ¥WHAT IS IT DUE TO? ¥HOW MUCH MORE in the atmosphere, giving Earth its temperate climate. Global Atmosphere, Global Warming GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TREND�?t a cure for global warming! Aerosols only last a short while in the atmosphere, they would have
"Half Seas Over": The Impact of Sea Level Rise on International Law and Policy
other ramifications of sea level rise. As the overview ofintro. 1960). SEA LEVEL RISE beneath the sea, immersedZONE ACTIVmES AND SEA LEVEL RISE I (Envi- ronment and Policy
Menefee, Samuel Pyeatt
Deep-Sea Research II 49 (2002) 59695990 Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and
Bering Sea coccolithophorid bloom. We found that reduced microzooplankton grazing mortality is a key), eddies, and wind-driven vertical mixing of nutrients into surface waters, provide the compo- nents
Climate Change in the Cenozoic as Seen in Deep Sea Sediments
Asymmetry of interoceanic fresh-water and heat fluxes. Proc.2002. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derivedwind forcing and surface water advection. In: G. Wefer et
Berger, Wolf
Aliens among us SEA-MONKEYS
Aliens among us SEA-MONKEYS® FUN FACTS Did you know? Sea-Monkeys® · breathe through their legs, so adults have three. W hat is the connection between Sea-Monkeys® and aliens? Be- lieve it or not NASA scientists think it is possible that some alien life might resemble Sea-Monkeys®. Sea
Maxwell, Bruce D.
Global Cooling: Effect of Urban Albedo on Global Temperature
In many urban areas, pavements and roofs constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). The roof and the pavement albedo can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.10, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. Many studies have demonstrated building cooling-energy savings in excess of 20% upon raising roof reflectivity from an existing 10-20% to about 60%. We estimate U.S. potential savings in excess of $1 billion (B) per year in net annual energy bills. Increasing albedo of urban surfaces can reduce the summertime urban temperature and improve the urban air quality. Increasing the urban albedo has the added benefit of reflecting more of the incoming global solar radiation and countering the effect of global warming. We estimate that increasing albedo of urban areas by 0.1 results in an increase of 3 x 10{sup -4} in Earth albedo. Using a simple global model, the change in air temperature in lowest 1.8 km of the atmosphere is estimated at 0.01K. Modelers predict a warming of about 3K in the next 60 years (0.05K/year). Change of 0.1 in urban albedo will result in 0.01K global cooling, a delay of {approx}0.2 years in global warming. This 0.2 years delay in global warming is equivalent to 10 Gt reduction in CO2 emissions.
Akbari, Hashem; Menon, Surabi; Rosenfeld, Arthur
Calcareous nannofossils of the Bonaire Trench-Caribbean Sea
approaches the normal to the sea surface. The number of photosynthetic cells below 150 meters was found by Hasle (1959) to be unimportant in relation to the number in the euphotic zone. Reproduction in coccolithophorids may be either a binary fission...
Henry, Mitchell Earl
Circulation and Sediment Transport Patterns in the Eastern Celtic Sea
stratified due to solar heating of the surface layer, particularly in the areas of greater depth and/or low extraction by a hypothetical wave farm located north of Cornwall in the area where a pilot WAVE HUB project Celtic Sea known for its high values of wave energy. The present day picture is compared with the flow
Shapiro, Georgy
Dorsal and ventral target strength measurements on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in sea cages
The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between target strength (TS) and total body length of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), in order to monitor its growth in sea cages. Five classes of commercial size gilthead sea bream are characterized, comprising lengths from 20 to 25 cm, corresponding to weights between 160 and 270 g. A few specimens were introduced into a sea cage of 3 m in diameter and a height of 2.7 m. We measure TS directly using a Simrad EK60 echosounder with a 7^{\\circ} split-beam transducer working at 200 kHz. The transducer was located in the center of the cage during measurements, at the bottom facing upwards for ventral recordings and on the surface facing downwards to perform dorsal recordings. Two analyses based on single echo detection were performed: the first one obtains compensated transducer directivity TS values from intensity and angular echosounder data; while the second one omit phase information, affording uncompensated TS values (TSu). Two algorithms have bee...
Soliveres, Ester; Espinosa, Victor
Modeling of Antarctic sea ice in a general circulation model
A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is developed and coupled with the Melbourne University general circulation model to simulate the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice distributions The model is efficient, rapid to compute, and useful for a range of climate studies. The thermodynamic part of the sea ice model is similar to that developed by Parkinson and Washington, the dynamics contain a simplified ice rheology that resists compression. The thermodynamics is based on energy conservation at the top surface of the ice/snow, the ice/water interface, and the open water area to determine the ice formation, accretion, and ablation. A lead parameterization is introduced with an effective partitioning scheme for freezing between and under the ice floes. The dynamic calculation determines the motion of ice, which is forced with the atmospheric wind, taking account of ice resistance and rafting. The simulated sea ice distribution compares reasonably well with observations. The seasonal cycle of ice extent is well simulated in phase as well as in magnitude. Simulated sea ice thickness and concentration are also in good agreement with observations over most regions and serve to indicate the importance of advection and ocean drift in the determination of the sea ice distribution. 64 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
Wu, Xingren; Budd, W.F. [Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Tasmania (Australia)] [Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Tasmania (Australia); Simmonds, I. [School of Earth Sciences, Victoria (Australia)] [School of Earth Sciences, Victoria (Australia)
Polar Sea Ice Mapping Using SeaWinds Data Hyrum S. Anderson and David G. Long
Polar Sea Ice Mapping Using SeaWinds Data Hyrum S. Anderson and David G. Long Brigham Young for mapping polar sea ice extent. In this study, a new al- gorithm for polar sea ice mapping is developed of Bayes detection to produce sea ice extent maps. Statistical models for sea ice and ocean are represented
On the non-linear response of the ocean thermohaline circulation to global deforestation
On the non-linear response of the ocean thermohaline circulation to global deforestation H. Renssen-dimensional coupled atmosphere-sea-ice- ocean-vegetation model to study the transient effect of global deforestation deforestation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(2), 1061, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL016155, 2003. 1. Introduction [2] It has
Renssen, Hans
Energy Savers [EERE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Deliciouscritical_materials_workshop_presentations.pdfSTD-1040-93Decemberof Energy 6-2013,0 MAPARMaySEA-04 Special
Continental margin architecture : sea level and climate
J. , 2006. Rapid sea-level rise and Holocene climate in theJ. , 2006. Rapid sea-level rise and Holocene climate in theJ. , 2006. Rapid sea-level rise and Holocene climate in the
Hill, Jenna Catherine
CHARACTERIZING UNCERTAIN SEA LEVEL RISE PROJECTIONS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS Many institutions worldwide are considering how to include expectations about future sea level rise sea level rise in its investment plans? Such extreme events--for instance, increased storm frequency
Shelf-sea ecosystems
An analysis of the food chain dynamics of the Oregon, Alaskan, and New York shelves is made with respect to differences in physical forcing of these ecosystems. The world's shelves are 10% of the area of the ocean, yield 99% of the world's fish catch, and may be a major sink in the global CO/sub 2/ budget.
Walsh, J J
Global Health Seminar Series
Bay Area Global Health Seminar Series Moving beyond millennium targets in global health: The challenges of investing in health and universal health coverage Although targets can help to focus global health efforts, they can also detract attention from deeper underlying challenges in global health
Klein, Ophir
Global Warming Observations
Global Warming Observations: 1. Global temperature has been gradually rising in recent years #15 in range 8000 12000 nm { CFC's, methane and N 2 O important for global warming even though concentra- tions in concentration of \\greenhouse gases" like CO 2 What determines global temperature? Energy budget of earth: 1
Schofield, Jeremy
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 38, NO. 4, JULY 2000 1843 An Iterative Approach to Multisensor Sea Ice
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 38, NO. 4, JULY 2000 1843 An Iterative play a critical role in the global climate, the remote sensing community has had a keen interest in the variability of polar sea ice characteris- tics. Sea ice influences heat transfer between the warmer ocean
Toward resolution-independent dust emissions in global models: Impacts on the seasonal and spatial distribution of dust
Simulating the emission of mineral dust and sea-salt aerosol is nonlinear with surface winds and therefore requires accurate representation of surface winds. Consequently, the resolution of a simulation affects emission ...
Pierce, J. R.
The draft paper "Global Surface Temperature Change" by Hansen, Ruedy, Sato and Lo is available at http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/paper/gistemp2010_draft0601.pdf. This is an
interesting charts are collected on two PowerPoint posters available at http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1 importance to humanity, and global warming is the first order manifestation of increasing greenhouse gases be alleviated by stressing the need to focus on the frequency and magnitude of warm and cold anomalies, which
During the last ice age several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events took place. Known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events their effects were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest temperature anomalies. Paleoclimate data shows that the fluctuations often occurred right after massive glacial meltwater releases in the North Atlantic and in bursts of three or four with progressively decreasing strengths. In this study a simple dynamical model of an overturning circulation and sea ice is developed with the goal of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that could have caused the DO events. Interaction between sea ice and the overturning circulation in the model produces self-sustained oscillations. Analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the insulating effect of sea ice causes the ocean to periodically vent out accumulated heat in the deep ocean into the atmosphere. Subjecting the model to idealized freshwater forcing mimicking Heinrich events causes modulation of the natural periodicity and produces burst patterns very similar to what is observed in temperature proxy data. Numerical experiments with the model also suggests that the characteristic period of 1,500 years is due to the geometry, or the effective heat capacity, of the ocean that comes under sea ice cover.
Raj Saha
Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea
transport. Secondly, TCs pump surface heat downward to the thermocline, increasing the heat injection from cyclone Á Heat transport Á Air-sea interaction 1 Introduction The South China Sea (SCS) is the largestEffects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China
Atmospheric Circulation and Its Effect on Arctic Sea Ice in CCSM3 Simulations at Medium and High Resolution*
the Canadian archipelago, where the T85 winds produce thicker ice than their T42 counterparts. Seasonal forcingAtmospheric Circulation and Its Effect on Arctic Sea Ice in CCSM3 Simulations at Medium and High) ABSTRACT The simulation of Arctic sea ice and surface winds changes significantly when Community Climate
Bitz, Cecilia
The wave state and sea spray related parameterization of wind stress applicable from low to extreme winds
The wave state and sea spray related parameterization of wind stress applicable from low to extreme surface aerodynamic roughness applicable from low to extreme winds is proposed. The corresponding), The wave state and sea spray related parameterization of wind stress applicable from low to extreme winds
Liu, Paul
Discriminating robust and non-robust atmospheric circulation responses to global warming
Discriminating robust and non-robust atmospheric circulation responses to global warming Michael response to global warming in a set of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) is investigated. The global-warmed climate is forced by a global pattern of warmed ocean surface temperatures
Doppler characteristics of sea clutter.
Doppler radars can distinguish targets from clutter if the target's velocity along the radar line of sight is beyond that of the clutter. Some targets of interest may have a Doppler shift similar to that of clutter. The nature of sea clutter is different in the clutter and exo-clutter regions. This behavior requires special consideration regarding where a radar can expect to find sea-clutter returns in Doppler space and what detection algorithms are most appropriate to help mitigate false alarms and increase probability of detection of a target. This paper studies the existing state-of-the-art in the understanding of Doppler characteristics of sea clutter and scattering from the ocean to better understand the design and performance choices of a radar in differentiating targets from clutter under prevailing sea conditions.
Raynal, Ann Marie; Doerry, Armin Walter
Globalization of biopharmaceutical manufacturing
The biomanufacturing industry is changing due to increasing globalization. However, it is changing differently from other high tech industries like software/ semiconductor/ automobiles. In this study we use global ...
Pande, Rachna
Nonsingular static global string
A new solution for the spacetime outside the core of a U(1) static global string has been presented which is nonsingular. This is the first example of a nonsingular spacetime around a static global string.}}
A. A. Sen; N. Banerjee
Review: Globalization of Water
Review: Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet�sAshok K. Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet�s140) liters of virtual water (p. 15). This is one of the
Tennant, Matthew Aaron
Global Environmental Course Title
Department Global Environmental Studies Room Course Title Frontier of Sustainability Science Instructor Akihisa MORI, Global Environmental Studies Satoshi KONISHI, Institute of Advanced consisting from a variety of academic field, including philosophy, politics, economics, energy, architecture
Takada, Shoji
Cows Causing Global Warming
Broadcast Transcript: Remember when President Reagan blamed trees for air pollution? Well now the Japanese are blaming cows for global warming. Apparently, the methane emissions from burping cows account for 5% of all global greenhouse gases. Simple...
Hacker, Randi
State estimation of the Labrador Sea with a coupled sea ice-ocean adjoint model
Sea ice (SI) and ocean variability in marginal polar and subpolar seas are closely coupled. SI variability in the Labrador Sea is of climatic interest because of its relationship to deep convection/mode water formation, ...
Fenty, Ian Gouverneur
Hydrographic Preconditioning for Seasonal Sea Ice Anomalies in the Labrador Sea
This study investigates the hydrographic processes involved in setting the maximum wintertime sea ice (SI) extent in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. The analysis is based on an ocean and sea ice state estimate covering ...
Fenty, Ian
Production Mechanism, Number Concentration, Size Distribution, Chemical Composition, and Optical Properties of Sea Spray Aerosols Workshop, Summer 2012
The objective of this workshop was to address the most urgent open science questions for improved quantification of sea spray aerosol-radiation-climate interactions. Sea spray emission and its influence on global climate remains one of the most uncertain components of the aerosol-radiation-climate problem, but has received less attention than other aerosol processes (e.g. production of terrestrial secondary organic aerosols). Thus, the special emphasis was placed on the production flux of sea spray aerosol particles, their number concentration and chemical composition and properties.
Meskhidze, Nicholas [NCSU] [NCSU
Design Editorial Globalization and Internationalism
; especially, the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free tradeJournal of Mechanical Design Editorial Globalization and Internationalism There has always been and Strabo, but to Friedman's empirical observations of globalization. According to Wikipedia, "globalization
Papalambros, Panos
Environmental screening tools for assessment of infrastructure plans based on biodiversity preservation and global warming (PEIT, Spain)
Most Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) research has been concerned with SEA as a procedure, and there have been relatively few developments and tests of analytical methodologies. The first stage of the SEA is the 'screening', which is the process whereby a decision is taken on whether or not SEA is required for a particular programme or plan. The effectiveness of screening and SEA procedures will depend on how well the assessment fits into the planning from the early stages of the decision-making process. However, it is difficult to prepare the environmental screening for an infrastructure plan involving a whole country. To be useful, such methodologies must be fast and simple. We have developed two screening tools which would make it possible to estimate promptly the overall impact an infrastructure plan might have on biodiversity and global warming for a whole country, in order to generate planning alternatives, and to determine whether or not SEA is required for a particular infrastructure plan.
Garcia-Montero, Luis G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Dept. Forest Engineering, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Lopez, Elena, E-mail: email@example.com [TRANSyT, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avda. Profesor Aranguren s/n, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Monzon, Andres, E-mail: email@example.com [TRANSyT, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avda. Profesor Aranguren s/n, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Otero Pastor, Isabel, E-mail: email@example.com [TRANSyT, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avda. Profesor Aranguren s/n, Madrid 28040 (Spain)
4, 35833626, 2007 An integrated global
around the world. The integrated model closes both energy and water balances on land surfaces. Global approximately 70% of total water withdrawal in the world. The estimated crop calendar showed good agreement water withdrawal also15 showed fair agreement with country statistics, but tended to underestimate
GLOBAL ECONOMYTHE GLOBAL ECONOMY This major offers students rigorous interdisciplinary training 331: The Global Economy 2030 -- Examination of key ideas from economics, demography and technology. Guest lecturers illuminate possible conditions of the global economy in 2030. IR 454: International
Krylov, Anna I.
Ukraine's Military Role in the Black Sea Region
the territorial sea; � protection of merchant fleet, sea oil and gas industry and other state activity in the sea; � assistance to the Army in their conduct of operations (military actions) at sea directions; � participation in peacekeeping operations. 3...
Coffman, Amy Beth; Crump, James Andrew; Dickson, Robbi K.; Mueller, Meaghan; Pulis, Sarah L.
Engineering the global ecosystem
of humans deliberately engineering agricultural landscapes.010-0302-8 EDITORIAL Engineering the global ecosystemtale about human explorers engineering the ecosystem of Mars
Stringfellow, William T.; Jain, Ravi
Global Nuclear Security
Global Nuclear Security Both DOE and the National Nuclear Security Administration are working to reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation and provide technologies to improve...
Subsidizing Global Solar Power.
?? With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current �oversupply� of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet,� (more)
Arnesson, Daniel
A transitioning Arctic surface energy budget: the impacts of solar zenith angle, surface albedo and cloud radiative forcing
A transitioning Arctic surface energy budget: the impacts of solar zenith angle, surface albedo Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Snow surface and sea-ice energy budgets were measured near 87.5°N during indicated four distinct tempera- ture regimes, characterized by varying cloud, thermody- namic and solar
Shupe, Matthew
A transitioning Arctic surface energy budget: the impacts of solar zenith angle, surface albedo surface and sea-ice energy budgets were measured near 87.5°N during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study regimes, characterized by varying cloud, thermody- namic and solar properties. An initial warm, melt
Brooks, Ian M.
Neural Network forecasts of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures
. Hsieh Dept. of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada Benyang, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Phone: (604) 822- 2821, Fax: (604) 822-6088; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Running and decadal changes in the prediction skills in the NL and LR models were also studied. Keywords: neural
Hsieh, William
during 1999. The storm was formed on Campeche bay and hit the city of Corpus Christi and Brownsville
Gilbes, Fernando
Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover
that lateral ocean heat flux from the shelf to the basin melts a substantial amount of ice in the marginal iceSeasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M to characterize differences in upwelling near the shelf break in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea due to varying sea ice
Pickart, Robert S.
ocean heat flux42 from the shelf to the basin melts a substantial amount of ice in the marginal ice Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M the shelfbreak in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea due to3 varying sea-ice conditions. The record is divided into three
Creating a Global Humidity DatasetCreating a Global Humidity Dataset Progress with the Marine ComponentProgress with the Marine Component
Creating a Global Humidity DatasetCreating a Global Humidity Dataset Progress with the Marine PROJECT SUMMARY CLIMATOLOGIES Create a global gridded monthly mean dataset of surface vapour pressure, Exeter, UK CASE sponsors ICOADS, NCDC for providing the marine dataset Philip Brohan, Hadley Centre
Feigon, Brooke
AQUACULTURE EXTENSION Illinois -Indiana Sea Grant Program
can be traced to a lack of background information on the source of water used. Before final siteAQUACULTURE EXTENSION Illinois - Indiana Sea Grant Program Sea Grant # IL-IN-SG-Fs-93-l Water Quality Water Sources Used in Aquaculture LaDon Swann Ilinois-Indiana Sea Grant Program Purdue University
Updating Maryland's Sea-level Rise
Updating Maryland's Sea-level Rise Projections Scientific and Technical Working Group Maryland Climate Change Commission June 26, 2013 #12;Sea-level Rise Expert Group Donald F. Boesch* , University-author of the National Assessment Scenarios report Author of paper(s) on recent sea-level rise ~ Author contributing
3, 9991020, 2007 Summer sea ice
CPD 3, 999�1020, 2007 Summer sea ice during the early Holocene H. Goosse et al. Title Page Abstract on the early Holocene climate constrains the summer sea ice projections for the 21st century H. Goosse, E #12;CPD 3, 999�1020, 2007 Summer sea ice during the early Holocene H. Goosse et al. Title Page
Boyer, Edmond
//FS/ELS/PAGINATION/ELSEVIER AMS/STPS/3B2/CH07-N2955.3D 75 [7592/18] 28.10.2006 10:40AM 7. Eustatic Sea Level During Past Interglacials
, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia 3 Institute for Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland ABSTRACT Eustatic sea-level variation is the primary index of global ice volume over glacial cycles. Here, we review recent studies of eustatic sea
Global Development Our Responsibility
of expertise cover urgent global issues such as food production, energy supply, climate change, biodiversity e ort to address urgent global issues particularly a ecting developing countries e.g. climate change of Communication, 2012 · Project Leader: Karin Nilsson · Graphic Design: Viktor Wrange & Michael Kvick Cover Photo
(millionsofsquarekilometers) 30 20 10 MELTING OF GREENLAND ICE CAP Satellite determination of maximum extent of glacial melt Complete melt of the Greenland ice sheet would raise the level of the global ocean 23 feet. ASAN Steffen IS INCREASING Global carbon dioxide concentration over the last thousand years Polar ice cores #12;Mann et al
Global Change Sustainability
Global Change and Sustainability Center The GCSC is an inclusionary and interdisciplinary hub that promotes, coordinates, and conducts local to global environmental- and sustainability-related research to complex environmental and sustainability issues and challenges. 2012 Annual Report #12;1GCSC 2012 ANNUAL
Tipple, Brett
Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters: Integrating Archaeology and Ecology of the Northeast Pacific
Review of Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters: Integrating Archaeology and Ecology of the Northeast Pacific.
Pierotti, Raymond
america surface temperature: Topics by E-print Network
of global climate sensitivity are explored in this work through the medium of Energy Balance Climate Models (EBCMs) and observational surface temperature data. In part...
SEA screening of voluntary climate change plans: A story of non-compliant discretion
Screening within Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the first critical stage involving considerations on whether an assessment is carried out or not. Although legislation and guidance offer practitioners a legal and logical approach to the screening process, it is inevitable that discretionary judgement takes place and will impact on the screening decision. This article examines the results of discretion involved in screening of climate change plans (CCPs) in a Danish context. These years voluntary CCPs are developed as a response to the global and local emergence of both mitigation and adaptation, and the voluntary commitment by the local authorities is an indication of an emerging norm of climate change as an important issue. This article takes its point of departure in the observation that SEA is not undertaken for these voluntary CCPs. The critical analysis of this phenomenon rests upon a documentary study of Danish CCPs, interviews with a lawyer and ministerial key person and informal discussions between researchers, practitioners and lawyers on whether climate change plans are covered by SEA legislation and underlying reasons for the present practice. Based on a critical analysis of mandatory SEA and/or obligation to screen CCPs according to significance criteria, the authors find that 18 out of the 48 CCPs are mandatory to SEA and 9 would require a screening of significance and thereby potentially be followed by a SEA. In practice only one plan was screened and one was environmentally assessed. The legal, democratic and environmental consequences of this SEA practice are critically discussed. Hereunder is the missed opportunity to use the broad environmental scope of SEA to avoid a narrow focus on energy and CO{sub 2} in CCPs, and the question whether this practice in Denmark complies with the EU Directive. -- Highlights: ? It is inevitable that discretionary judgement takes place and will impact on the screening decision. ? The article hereby calls for greater awareness of the discretion and judgement involved in SEA screening. ? Practice seemingly reveals a lack of application of SEA within climate change planning and a lack of explicit screening. ? Absence of SEAs of voluntary plans such as CCPs, have legal consequences, as well as democratic and environmental consequences. ? The vague definition of �administrative provision� seems to impose the lacking SEA.
K�rn�v, Lone, E-mail: email@example.com; Wejs, Anja
Surface Soil
Surface Soil Surface Soil We compare local soil samples with samples collected from northern New Mexico locations that are beyond the range of potential influence from normal...
Global warming, bad weather, insurance losses and the global economy
Global warming causes extremely bad weather in the near term. The impact on the insurance industry is described. Why global warming in the near term causes very bad weather is explained. The continuing trend of very bad weather and the future impact on the insurance industry is explored. How very bad weather can affect the global financial market is explained. Taking a historical view of the development of the modern economy, the authors describe in the near term the impact of global warming on the global economy. The long term impact of global warming on the global economy and the human race is explored. Opportunities presented by global warming are described.
Low, N.C. [UOB Life Assurance Ltd., Singapore (Singapore); Shen, S. [Global Warming International Center, Woodridge, IL (United States)
Generated using version 3.0 of the official AMS LATEX template Wind effects on past and future regional sea-level trends in the
characteristics of projected regional sea-level rise. Wind-related changes in near- surface mass and heat transports. Depending on the sign of the related Ekman pumping velocity, warm water is either pumped down into the ocean which leads to a deepening of the tropical thermocline and an increase in local sea level, or cold
Timmermann, Axel
Title: Aerodynamic and Scalar Roughness over Snow and Sea Ice In Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the aerodynamic roughness, z0, is the artificial height
Title: Aerodynamic and Scalar Roughness over Snow and Sea Ice Abstract: In Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the aerodynamic roughness, z0, is the artificial height above the surface at which the wind speed the theory and measurement of the aerodynamic and scalar roughness lengths over snow and sea ice. The data
Upward Shift of the Atmospheric General Circulation under Global Warming: Theory and Simulations
, including upward shifts in the ver- tical velocities and distributions of cloud water and ice as the seaUpward Shift of the Atmospheric General Circulation under Global Warming: Theory and Simulations circulation of the atmosphere shift upward in response to warming in simu- lations of climate change with both
O'Gorman, Paul
IS CHEMICAL INDEX OF ALTERATION (CIA) A RELIABLE PROXY FOR CHEMICAL WEATHERING IN GLOBAL DRAINAGE Road, Shanghai 200092 China; Tel: 86-21-6598 9130; Fax: 86-21-6598 6278 ABSTRACT. The chemical as the most important carrier of terrigenous materials into the sea. The chemical index of alteration (CIA
Yang, Shouye
Z .Global and Planetary Change 31 2001 255264 www.elsevier.comrlocatergloplacha
changes on Yugorski Peninsula, Kara Sea, Russia, during the last 12,800 radiocarbon years a,) b ´ c dZ .Global and Planetary Change 31 2001 255264 www.elsevier.comrlocatergloplacha Environmental vegetation. Climate was colder than today. Betula nana became dominant during the Early Preboreal period
Ingólfsson, �?lafur
Millennial-scale stable oscillations between sea ice and convective deep water formation
During the last ice age there were several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events. The climatic effects of the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest and most abrupt temperature anomalies. Similar but weaker oscillations also took place during the interglacial period. This paper proposes an auto-oscillatory mechanism between sea ice and convective deep water formation in the north Atlantic as the source of the persistent cycles. A simple dynamical model is constructed by coupling and slightly modifying two existing models of ocean circulation and sea ice. The model exhibits mixed mode oscillations, consisting of decadal scale small amplitude oscillations, and a large amplitude relaxation fluctuation. The decadal oscillations occur due to the insulating effect of sea ice and leads to periodic ventilation of heat from the polar ocean. Gradually an instability builds up in the polar column and results in an abrupt initiation of convection an...
China's Global Oil Strategy
nations began to seek out oil reserves around the world. 3on the limited global oil reserves and spiking prices. Manyto the largest proven oil reserves, making up 61 percent of
Thomas, Bryan G
KRFTWRK � Global Human Electricity
Power Network 2.1.1 Virtual Power Plants The Global Powernetwork, based on "Virtual Power Plants", called "VPP". A "participant runs a virtual human power plant. Per every "
Prohaska, Rainer
21, 2008. Ying, Wang. � China, Venezuela firms to co-developoilfields. � China Daily (27 August 2005) http://David and Bi Jianhai. �China�s Global Hunt for Energy. �
Global Cool Cities Alliance
The Department of Energy (DOE) is currently supporting the Global Cool Cities Alliance (GCCA), a non-profit organization that works with cities, regions, and national governments to speed the...
Global warming elucidated
The meaning of global warming and its relevance to everyday life is explained. Simple thermodynamics is used to predict an oscillatory nature of the change in climate due to global warming. Global warming causes extreme events and bad weather in the near term. In the long term it may cause the earth to transition to another equilibrium state through many oscillation in climatic patterns. The magnitudes of these oscillations could easily exceed the difference between the end points. The author further explains why many no longer fully understands the nature and magnitudes of common phenomena such as storms and wind speeds because of these oscillations, and the absorptive properties of clouds. The author links the increase in duration of the El Nino to global warming, and further predicts public health risks as the earth transitions to another equilibrium state in its young history.
Shen, S. [Global Warming International Center, Woodridge, IL (United States)
Greenland ice sheet surface mass-balance modeling in a 131-year perspective, 1950-2080
Fluctuations in the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass-balance (SMB) and freshwater influx to the surrounding oceans closely follow climate fluctuations and are of considerable importance to the global eustatic sea level rise. SnowModel, a state-of-the-art snow-evolution modeling system, was used to simulate variations in the GrIS melt extent, surface water balance components, changes in SMB, and freshwater influx to the ocean. The simulations are based on the IPCC scenario AlB modeled by the HIRHAM4 RCM (using boundary conditions from ECHAM5 AOGCM) from 1950 through 2080. In-situ meteorological station (GC-Net and WMO DMI) observations from inside and outside the GrIS were used to validate and correct RCM output data before it was used as input for SnowModel. Satellite observations and independent SMB studies were used to validate the SnowModel output and confirm the model's robustness. We simulated a {approx}90% increase in end-of-summer surface melt extent (0.483 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2}) from 1950 to 2080, and a melt index (above 2,000-m elevation) increase of 138% (1.96 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2} x days). The greatest difference in melt extent occured in the southern part of the GrIS, and the greatest changes in the number of melt days was seen in the eastern part of the GrIS ({approx}50-70%) and was lowest in the west ({approx}20-30%). The rate of SMB loss, largely tied to changes in ablation processes, lead to an enhanced average loss of 331 km{sup 3} from 1950 to 2080, an average 5MB level of -99 km{sup 3} for the period 2070-2080. GrIS surface freshwater runoff yielded an eustatic rise in sea level from 0.8 {+-} 0.1 (1950-1959) to 1.9 {+-} 0.1 mm (2070-2080) sea level equivalent (SLE) y{sup -1}. The accumulated GrIS freshwater runoff contribution from surface melting equaled 160 mm SLE from 1950 through 2080.
Mernild, Sebastian Haugard [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Liston, Glen [COLORADO STATE UNIV.; Hiemstra, Christopher [COLORADO STATE UNIV.; Christensen, Jens [DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INS.
Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm Qiaozhen Mu , Maosheng Zhao, Steven W. Running
towers. The global annual total ET over the vegetated land surface is 62.8�?103 km3 , agrees very wellImprovements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm Qiaozhen Mu , Maosheng Zhao Vegetation cover fraction MODIS MODIS global evapotranspiration (ET) products by Mu et al. [Mu, Q., Heinsch
Effect of the potential melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet on the Meridional Overturning Circulation and global climate in the future
Effect of the potential melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet on the Meridional Overturning February 2011 Keywords: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Sea level Greenland Ice Sheet Global of the Greenland Ice Sheet since the mid-1990s. This increased ice sheet mass loss might be an evidence of global
Han, Weiqing
Estimated global ocean wind power potential from QuikSCAT observations, accounting for turbine characteristics and siting
Evaluation of global wind power, J. Geophys. Res. , 110,2009), Global ocean wind power sensitivity to surface layerCO 2 reductions via offshore wind power matched to inherent
Sea-Level Rise, El Ni�o, And The Future Of The California Coastline
City of Santa Barbara Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability Study.Projecting future sea level rise. California Climate Changeand responses to sea level rise. In Understanding Sea Level
Russell, Nicole Lian
Critical Mechanisms for the Formation of Extreme Arctic Sea-Ice Extent in the Summers of 2007 and 1996
A warming Arctic climate is undergoing significant e 21 nvironmental change, most evidenced by the reduction of Arctic sea-ice extent during the summer. In this study, we examine two extreme anomalies of September sea-ice extent in 2007 and 1996, and investigate the impacts of cloud fraction (CF), atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV), downwelling longwave flux (DLF), surface air temperature (SAT), pressure and winds on the sea-ice variation in 2007 and 1996 using both satellite-derived sea-ice products and MERRA reanalysis. The area of the Laptev, East Siberian and West Chukchi seas (70-90oN, 90-180oE) has experienced the largest variation in sea-ice extent from year-to-year and defined here as the Area Of Focus (AOF). The record low September sea-ice extent in 2007 was associated with positive anomalies 30 of CF, PWV, DLF, and SAT over the AOF. Persistent anti-cyclone positioned over the Beaufort Sea coupled with low pressure over Eurasia induced easterly zonal and southerly meridional winds. In contrast, negative CF, PWV, DLF and SAT anomalies, as well as opposite wind patterns to those in 2007, characterized the 1996 high September sea-ice extent. Through this study, we hypothesize the following positive feedbacks of clouds, water vapor, radiation and atmospheric variables on the sea-ice retreat during the summer 2007. The record low sea-ice extent during the summer 2007 is initially triggered by the atmospheric circulation anomaly. The southerly winds across the Chukchi and East Siberian seas transport warm, moist air from the north Pacific, which is not only enhancing sea-ice melt across the AOF, but also increasing clouds. The positive cloud feedback results in higher SAT and more sea-ice melt. Therefore, 40 more water vapor could be evaporated from open seas and higher SAT to form more clouds, which will enhance positive cloud feedback. This enhanced positive cloud feedback will then further increase SAT and accelerate the sea-ice retreat during the summer 2007.
Dong, Xiquan; Zib, Benjamin J.; Xi, Baike; Stanfield, Ryan; Deng, Yi; Zhang, Xiangdong; Lin, B.; Long, Charles N.
GE Global Research News | GE Global Research
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun with Big Sky Learning Fun with Big SkyDIII-D Performance ToolsGlobal
, they would discover a nearly total disparity between global commitments and domestic politics. Bush hasGLOBAL GOVERNANCE FIGHTING POVERTY 26 GLOBAL AGENDA 2003 the world promised to put real resources credible document spelling out the US role in a global war against AIDS. The planned US financial
Climatic Impact of Global-Scale Deforestation: Radiative versus Nonradiative Processes
Climatic Impact of Global-Scale Deforestation: Radiative versus Nonradiative Processes EDOUARD Loceanatmosphere GCM is used to explore the biogeophysical impact of large-scale deforestation on surface climate that the surface albedo increase owing to deforestation has a cooling effect of 21.36 K globally. On the other hand
A study of mobile trough genesis over the Yellow Sea - East China Sea region
The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of mobile troughs over a prolific source region in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Two mobile troughs which intensified significantly after formation were...
Komar, Keith Nickolas
Coupled Sea Ice�Ocean-State Estimation in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay
Sea ice variability in the Labrador Sea is of climatic interest because of its relationship to deep convection, mode-water formation, and the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation. Historically, quantifying the relationship ...
Inertial currents in the Caribbean Sea
conveniently by applying boundary layer analysis to the vortlcity equation. Munk' s circulation theory divides naturally into two primary regions. I) An interior region in which the lateral-stress terms are negligible and ln which, for zonal winds... of the Problem The problem studied is that of the westward intensification of the wind-driven ocean circulation ln the Caribbean Sea, A rectangular sea is envisaged as representative of the Caribbean Sea with the eastern end in communication with the Atlantic...
Saylor, James H
Aspects of circulating corticosterone in sea turtles
. , The Biology Department of Texas A&M Universi y, Sea Grant, Instituto NatiOnal de Pesca of Mexico, The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The National Park Service, The Texas Department of Fish and Wildlife, Mr... OF VARIANCE (8 MONTH) 6. COMPARISON OF CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS IN LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES FROM FLORIDA BY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE . 30 7. COMPARISON OF CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS IN OLIVE RIDLEY SEA TURTLES FROM ESCOBILLA, MEXICO BY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 8...
Schwantes, Nancy Lynn
Subantarctic Mode Water formation : air-sea fluxes and cross-frontal exchange
Front in the southeast Pacific Ocean, with mean profilesCO2 in the Pacific ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16.surface layer in the Pacific ocean. J. Geophysical Research-
Holte, James
Climatic features of the Mediterranean Sea detected by the analysis of the longwave radiative bulk formulae
an open ocean with the same amount of net longwave radiation. Furthermore, the twofold climatic regime's climate system is the net radiation budget at the ocean surface. Due to the scarcity of direct radiationClimatic features of the Mediterranean Sea detected by the analysis of the longwave radiative bulk
Williston Basin subsidence and sea level history: Chronological and lithofacies constraints
The intent is to use lithofacies information to identify the top-driven components of sediment accumulation-depositional environments, sediments supply, compaction, sediment and water load. Physical carbonate stratigraphy is used to determine sediment accumulation corrections. Physical stratigraphic geometric patterns are used to estimate the original thicknesses of dissolved salts and to determine absolute water depth. Seawater strontium chronostratigraphy constrains the ages and paleo-oceanographic setting of Devonian-Mississippian strata. The measured strontium stratigraphy can be used for correlation, age assignment and diagentic study. Removing sediment compaction, sediment/water load effects and using the newly derived Devonian-Mississippian chronostratigraphy to examine the behavior of the Williston Basin reveals a number of facts. (1) Temporal and spatial variation in the surficial components of sediment accumulation is significant and, unless removed, obscures tectonic subsidence and sea-level change patterns. (2) Both the corrected tectonic subsidence/sea level record and lithofacies patterns of the Devonian Williston Basin show flexural or in-plane stress interference reflecting plate boundary reorganization along the near edge of the Paleozoic North American craton, culminating the Antler orogeny. (3) The tectonic subsidence and sea level change record of the Williston Basin which has been corrected for sediment compaction, water and sediment load, has extremely linear subsidence through time. This is interrupted by changes in global sea level of 100-140 m over 25-35 my and apparent sea level change of 35-60 m over 2-4 my.
Lee Roark, C.K.
Original article Predicted global warming
Original article Predicted global warming and Douglas-fir chilling requirements DD McCreary1 DP to predicted global warming. Douglas-fir / chilling / global warming / bud burst / reforestation Résumé offer evidence that mean global warming of 3-4 °C could occur within the next century, particularly
The Tourism Global Value Chain
The Tourism Global Value Chain ECONOMIC UPGRADING AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT Michelle Christian 2011 CENTER on GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNANCE & COMPETITIVENESS #12;The Tourism Global Value Chain: Economic: November 17, 2011 #12;The Tourism Global Value Chain: Economic Upgrading and Workforce Development i Table
Richardson, David
Wave Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicle Applications and Missions
Wave Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicle Applications and Missions Jamie Griffith & Kyle Vanderlugt and logistical challenge. To address these challenges, Liquid Robotics (LRI) has developed the Wave Glider, an autonomous, mobile remote sensing solution. The Wave Glider is a hybrid sea-surface and underwater vehicle
Frandsen, Jannette B.
Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 211243 On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea
Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 211243 On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea William E. Johnsa description of the mean inflow distribution in the passages connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. The total Caribbean inflow of 28 Sv is shown to be partitioned approximately equally between
Fratantoni, David
INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL SEA-ICE THICKNESS VARIABILITY IN THE ROSS SEA Beth A. Schellenberg
routinely produced weekly ice charts since the 1970's. From the period of 1995 to 2000, classificationINVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL SEA-ICE THICKNESS VARIABILITY IN THE ROSS SEA Beth A. Schellenberg P1.23 1. INTRODUCTION A number of studies suggest a connections between sea-ice variability
Global ice sheet modeling
The University of Maine conducted this study for Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as part of a global climate modeling task for site characterization of the potential nuclear waste respository site at Yucca Mountain, NV. The purpose of the study was to develop a global ice sheet dynamics model that will forecast the three-dimensional configuration of global ice sheets for specific climate change scenarios. The objective of the third (final) year of the work was to produce ice sheet data for glaciation scenarios covering the next 100,000 years. This was accomplished using both the map-plane and flowband solutions of our time-dependent, finite-element gridpoint model. The theory and equations used to develop the ice sheet models are presented. Three future scenarios were simulated by the model and results are discussed.
Hughes, T.J.; Fastook, J.L. [Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Institute for Quaternary Studies
In: Lozn et al., Climate of the 21st century: Changes and risks. GEO, Hamburg/Germany, pp. 206-211, The response of polar sea ice to climate variability and change
reductions in ice coverage with important consequences for the global heat budget. With global climate models and anthropogenic climate change. While satellite remote sensing can now provide sea-ice data sets of sufficient, reductions in ice extent due to, e.g., perturbations in atmospheric heat transfer into the polar regions
Eicken, Hajo
Long range global warming
This paper explores one of the causes of global warming that is often overlooked, the direct heating of the environment by engineering systems. Most research and studies of global warming concentrate on the modification that is occurring to atmospheric air as a result of pollution gases being added by various systems; i.e., refrigerants, nitrogen oxides, ozone, hydrocarbons, halon, and others. This modification affects the thermal radiation balance between earth, sun and space, resulting in a decrease of radiation outflow and a slow rise in the earth`s steady state temperature. For this reason the solution to the problem is perceived as one of cleaning up the processes and effluents that are discharged into the environment. In this paper arguments are presented that suggest, that there is a far more serious cause for global warming that will manifest itself in the next two or three centuries; direct heating from the exponential growth of energy usage by humankind. Because this is a minor contributor to the global warming problem at present, it is overlooked or ignored. Energy use from the combustion of fuels and from the output of nuclear reactions eventually is manifest as warming of the surroundings. Thus, as energy is used at an ever increasing rate the consequent global warming also increases at an ever increasing rate. Eventually this rate will become equal to a few percent of solar radiation. When this happens the earth`s temperature will have risen by several degrees with catastrophic results. The trends in world energy use are reviewed and some mathematical models are presented to suggest future scenarios. These models can be used to predict when the global warming problem will become undeniably apparent, when it will become critical, and when it will become catastrophic.
Rolle, K.C.; Pulkrabek, W.W.; Fiedler, R.A. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI (United States)
On the connection between continental-scale land surface processes and the tropical climate in a coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system
The impact of global tropical climate to perturbations in land surface processes (LSP) are evaluated using perturbations given by different LSP representations of continental-scale in a global climate model that includes atmosphere-ocean interactions. One representation is a simple land scheme, which specifies climatological albedos and soil moisture availability. The other representation is the more comprehensive Simplified Simple Biosphere Model, which allows for interactive soil moisture and vegetation biophysical processes. The results demonstrate that LSP processes such as interactive soil moisture and vegetation biophysical processes have strong impacts on the seasonal mean states and seasonal cycles of global precipitation, clouds, and surface air temperature. The impact is especially significant over the tropical Pacific. To explore the mechanisms for such impact, different LSP representations are confined to selected continental-scale regions where strong interactions of climate-vegetation biophysical processes are present. We find that the largest impact is mainly from LSP perturbations over the tropical African continent. The impact is through anomalous convective heating in tropical Africa due to changes in the surface heat fluxes, which in turn affect basinwide teleconnections in the Pacific through equatorial wave dynamics. The modifications in the equatorial Pacific climate are further enhanced by strong air-sea coupling between surface wind stress and upwelling, as well as effect of ocean memory. Our results further suggest that correct representations of land surface processes, land use change and the associated changes in the deep convection over tropical Africa are crucial to reducing the uncertainty when performing future climate projections under different climate change scenarios.
Ma, Hsi-Yen; Mechoso, C. R.; Xue, Yongkang; Xiao, Heng; Neelin, David; Ji, Xuan
Explicit global integrators
be advantageous. For this purpose, forward interpolation utilizing Radau Quadrature will be employed. An explicit method of global integration has been developed to estimate a solution to a differential equation. A set of functions P (x), P (x), , P (x) and a... set of points n+1 x , x , , x can be found such that n+1 r x n+1 f(u)du = g P. (x)i'(x. ) 0 i=1 for all x when f(u) is a polynomial of degree n or less. The above process is described by Axelsson as global integration. In . th the cases...
Merriam, Robert Stevens
Effect of Terrestrial and Marine Organic Aerosol on Regional and Global Climate: Model Development, Application, and Verification with Satellite Data
In this DOE project the improvements to parameterization of marine primary organic matter (POM) emissions, hygroscopic properties of marine POM, marine isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) emissions, surfactant effects, new cloud droplet activation parameterization have been implemented into Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), with a seven mode aerosol module from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s Modal Aerosol Model (MAM7). The effects of marine aerosols derived from sea spray and ocean emitted biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) on microphysical properties of clouds were explored by conducting 10 year CAM5.0-MAM7 model simulations at a grid resolution 1.9�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?2.5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° with 30 vertical layers. Model-predicted relationship between ocean physical and biological systems and the abundance of CCN in remote marine atmosphere was compared to data from the A-Train satellites (MODIS, CALIPSO, AMSR-E). Model simulations show that on average, primary and secondary organic aerosol emissions from the ocean can yield up to 20% increase in Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) at 0.2% Supersaturation, and up to 5% increases in droplet number concentration of global maritime shallow clouds. Marine organics were treated as internally or externally mixed with sea salt. Changes associated with cloud properties reduced (absolute value) the model-predicted short wave cloud forcing from -1.35 Wm-2 to -0.25 Wm-2. By using different emission scenarios, and droplet activation parameterizations, this study suggests that addition of marine primary aerosols and biologically generated reactive gases makes an important difference in radiative forcing assessments. All baseline and sensitivity simulations for 2001 and 2050 using global-through-urban WRF/Chem (GU-WRF) were completed. The main objective of these simulations was to evaluate the capability of GU-WRF for an accurate representation of the global atmosphere by exploring the most accurate configuration of physics options in GWRF for global scale modeling in 2001 at a horizontal grid resolution of 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° x 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°. GU-WRF model output was evaluated using observational datasets from a variety of sources including surface based observations (NCDC and BSRN), model reanalysis (NCEP/ NCAR Reanalysis and CMAP), and remotely-sensed data (TRMM) to evaluate the ability of GU-WRF to simulate atmospheric variables at the surface as well as aloft. Explicit treatment of nanoparticles produced from new particle formation in GU-WRF/Chem-MADRID was achieved by expanding particle size sections from 8 to 12 to cover particles with the size range of 1.16 nm to 11.6 �?�?�?�?�?�?�?µm. Simulations with two different nucleation parameterizations were conducted for August 2002 over a global domain at a 4�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º by 5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º horizontal resolution. The results are evaluated against field measurement data from the 2002 Aerosol Nucleation and Real Time Characterization Experiment (ANARChE) in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as satellite and reanalysis data. We have also explored the relationship between �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?clean marine�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�? aerosol optical properties and ocean surface wind speed using remotely sensed data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the AQUA satellite. Detailed data analyses
Meskhidze, Nicholas; Zhang, Yang; Kamykowski, Daniel
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSINTERNATIONAL RELATIONSINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (GLOBAL BUSINESS)(GLOBAL BUSINESS)(GLOBAL BUSINESS) Future leaders in business, government, and law need to understand how global, and internship opportunities, it is an ideal major for those interested in entering the realms of business
SciFeatureSciFeature SEA-MONKEYS AND ALIENS?
SciFeatureSciFeature MSU SEA-MONKEYS® AND ALIENS? What is the connection between Sea-Monkeys® and aliens? Believe it or not NASA scientists think it is possible that some alien life might resemble Sea
ARKTOS: An intelligent system for SAR sea ice image classification
We present an intelligent system for satellite sea ice image analysis named Advanced Reasoning using Knowledge for T ping Of Sea ice (ARKTOS). ARKTOS performs fully automated analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice images by mimicking...
Soh, L. K.; Tsatsoulis, Costas; Gineris, D.; Bertoia, C.
Sensitivity of the wind stress and storm surges to surface drag
- 29 April 2009 , CD zU ln~ #12;Background Air-Sea Interaction High and/or extreme wind speeds , CD ? #12;Background Air-Sea Interaction High and/or extreme wind speeds Dynamics Sensitivity High and/or extreme wind speeds Dynamics Sensitivity of the wind stress and storm surges to surface
Vries, Hans de
CHANGE AND ENERGY USE IN TODAY'S WORLD #12;Brookhaven National Laboratory's Speakers' Bureau � Community, Ph.D. Climate Change and Energy Use in Today's World Some Chilling Considerations About Global owned by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, which provides most of the Lab
Global Lightning Observations
;Climatology: Basics · 5 years of OTD, 6 years of LIS data · Adjusted for detection efficiency J.Atmos. Oc · Global flash rate: 45 fl / sec ± 10% J. Geophys. Res., 2003 #12;High Resolution Full Climatology Annual (4/95-3/00) and LIS (1/98-12/03) instruments #12;#12;#12;Climatology: Diurnal cycle ( Local hour
California at Berkeley, University of
global warming's six americas
Vehicles & Solar Panels 23 Regulating CO2 as a Pollutant 24 A 20 Percent National Renewable Energy Standard the spring and fall of 2012. Perceived Benefits and Costs of Reducing Fossil Fuel Use and Global Warming Introduction 5 The Six Americas Audience Segments 6 Changes in the Size of Segments 7 Perceived Benefits
Patterns in Global Hydrothermal
Patterns in Global Hydrothermal Activity noaa ocean exploration Presenter: Edward T. Baker #12) High-T vents High = hydrothermal discharge Low = active or inactive discharge sites B. Davy, GNS NZ #12 Lc(km) #12;Future Directions Quantify processes: ·Employ or develop new technologies (AUVs, solid
Global Threat Reduction Initiative
Global Threat Reduction Initiative Conversion Program: Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test the dual application of splitting the atom, U.S. policy towards civilian use of highly enriched uranium and test reactors fueled first with low enriched uranium (LEU) and then later with HEU. By the early 1970s
Kemner, Ken
Bay Area Global Health Seminar Series Monday, January 27, 2014 2:30pm 4:00pm (Reception to follow at the Center for Health Policy and the Woods Institute for the Environment. He studies how economic, political, and natural environments affect population health in developing countries using a mix of experimental
#12;THE GLOBAL TAXONOMY INITIATIVE: Using Systematic Inventories to Meet Country and Regional Needs International #12;Table of Contents Introduction 1 I. Using Inventories to Build Capacity and Advance the GTI 2 for systematic inventories. A major component of the workshop addressed how systematic inventories can serve
Grant, Taran
Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities T. M. Brooks,1,2,3 * R. A. Mittermeier,1 G. A. B. da is essential to minimize biodiversity loss. To address this need, biodiversity conservation organizations have conservation funding. H uman actions are causing a biodiversity crisis, with species extinction rates up
Wilmers, Chris
Global Climate & Catastrophic Risk
Global Climate & Catastrophic Risk Forum 2012 A Joint Program with LA RIMS Education Day Rethinking Catastrophic Risk in Risk Management: Earthquake-Related Challenges Featuring: Keynote Speaker Dr. Frank Beuthin, Willis Group Holdings Plc. Yohei Miyamoto, Aon Risk Solutions Curtis deVera, Marsh
de Lijser, Peter
Tritium level along Romanian Black Sea Coast
Establishing the tritium level along the Romanian Black Sea Coast, after 10 years of exploitation of the nuclear power plant from Cernavoda, is a first step in evaluating its impact on the Black Sea ecosystem. The monitoring program consists of tritium activity concentration measurement in sea water and precipitation from Black Sea Coast between April 2005 and April 2006. The sampling points were spread over the Danube-Black Sea Canal - before the locks Agigea and Navodari, and Black Sea along the coast to the Bulgarian border. The average tritium concentration in sea water collected from the sampling locations had the value of 11.1 {+-} 2.1 TU, close to tritium concentration in precipitation. Although an operating nuclear power plant exists in the monitored area, the values of tritium concentration in two locations are slightly higher than those recorded elsewhere. To conclude, it could be emphasized that until now, Cernavoda NPP did not had any influence on the tritium concentration of the Black Sea Shore. (authors)
Varlam, C.; Stefanescu, I.; Popescu, I.; Faurescu, I. [National Inst. for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, PO Box 10, Rm. Valcea, 24050 (Romania)
NASA's sea ice program: present and future
· New remote sensing applications Infer properties such as sea ice thickness from ICESat Research · WhatNASA's sea ice program: present and future Thomas Wagner, PhD Program Scientist, Cryosphere NASA for remote sensing · New algorithms to interpret satellite data Improvements to long term satellite record
Kuligowski, Bob
Lecture course on Sea level variations
level rise from tide gauges "viewpoint of the solid Earth" "A tide staff" Rate is ~ 20 cm/century 7 Level rise between 1993 and 2010 by satellite ALTIMETRY Sea level is rising (by altimetry) "viewpoint of space" 1993-2010 8Friday, November 11, 2011 #12;Sea level will be rising (IPCC scenarios) Figure 11
Cerveny, Vlastislav
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP/KNMI/TEC/RP/147 Validation of ASCAT 12.5-km winds The Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) delivers an operational level 2 wind product produces a level 1 product with 12.5-km WVC spacing that has a resolution of approximately 25 km. Since
Stoffelen, Ad
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP2/KNMI/TEC/RP/194 Quality Control of Ku. The OSCAT level 2a data are available in near-real time and OWDP is used at KNMI to produce the Ocean and Sea Ice (OSI) SAF wind product which is made available to users. A beta version of OWDP is also
The convective desalination of sea ice
containing both liquid brine and solid (pure water) ice. Frad is the flux of penetrating solar radiation. Thus the thermal properties of sea ice are composed of those of the solid and liquid phases that make up sea ice. Fixed-salinity models used in older...
Rees Jones, David
Hydrate-phobic surfaces
Clathrate hydrate formation and subsequent plugging of deep-sea oil and gas pipelines represent a significant bottleneck for ultra deep-sea production. Current methods for hydrate mitigation focus on injecting thermodynamic ...
Smith, Jonathan David, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nitrogen cycle of the Baltic Sea from an isotopic perspective Baltic Sea Research Institute-Warnemunde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
Nitrogen cycle of the Baltic Sea from an isotopic perspective M. Voss Baltic Sea Research Institute-Warnemu¨nde, Hamburg, Germany S. Hille, T. Neumann, and J. W. Dippner Baltic Sea Research Institute-Warnemu¨nde (IOW
Dippner, Joachim W.
SeaPower Pacific subsidiary of Renewable Energy Holdings Plc...
SeaPower Pacific subsidiary of Renewable Energy Holdings Plc Carnegie Corporation Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name: SeaPower Pacific subsidiary of Renewable Energy Holdings Plc...
Development of Sea Level Rise Scenarios for Climate Change Assessments...
Sea Level Rise Scenarios for Climate Change Assessments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Development of Sea Level Rise...
2013 Federal Energy and Water Management Award Winner Naval Sea...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Naval Sea Systems Command 2013 Federal Energy and Water Management Award Winner Naval Sea Systems Command fewm13nswcphiladelphiahighres.pdf fewm13nswcphiladelphia.pdf More...
Tropospheric Chemistry of Internally Mixed Sea Salt and Organic...
Tropospheric Chemistry of Internally Mixed Sea Salt and Organic Particles: Surprising Reactivity of NaCl with Weak Organic Acids Tropospheric Chemistry of Internally Mixed Sea Salt...
SEA-03: Special Environmental Analysis | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
SEA-03: Special Environmental Analysis SEA-03: Special Environmental Analysis Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Actions Taken in Response to the Cerro...
aral sea basin: Topics by E-print Network
Index 141 DELIVERABLE Central North Sea Fossil Fuels Websites Summary: International Energy Agency Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 12;4 Central North Sea - CO2 Storage...
Ultraviolet radiation in the southern seas in early spring 1993
The National Science Foundation research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer carried out a cruise to Antarctica in early spring of 1993. It left Punta Arenas, Chile, close to the tip of South America on 11 August 1993. sailed south for 3 days to the tip of The Antarctic Peninsula, stopping at O`Higgens and Palmer Stations, and from there went southwest and into the Bellingshausen sea. On 10 September, it reached the most southerly position, 71{degrees}S, some distance north of the Thurston Island. From there, it went as far as 110{degrees}W before returning to Punta Arenas. The main purpose of the cruise was to investigate the snow- and sea-ice thickness, properties, and structures in this part of the southern oceans. It also allowed us to carry out continuous radiation measurements. We measured the following fluxes: global radiation (Eppley PSP), infrared incoming radiation (Eppley Pyrgeometer PIR), ultraviolet-A radiation (Eppley UV meter), ultraviolet-B radiation (Yankee Environmental Systems), and pitch and roll of the ship (Lucas Sensing Systems, Inc.). All instruments were sampled twice per second (Campbell Scientific, Model 21 X), and a notebook computer (ASI Patriot) stored 1-minute averages of the radiation data and 1-minute standard deviation of the ship`s pitch and roll. Visual observations of cloud cover were also recorded. 2 refs., 3 figs.
Wendler, G.; Quakenbush, T. [Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States)
Proposed resource evaluation plan. Salton Sea scientific drilling program
The report presents a plan for evaluating the deep geothermal resource in the Salton Sea area of Imperial County, California. The plan is divided into two testing programs, followed by the modeling and evaluation of the underground geothermal resource. The testing program related to geological data collection includes acquiring and analyzing the core, running geophysical and temperature/pressure logs in both the deep well and the injection well, and carrying out extensive mud-logging activities. The flow testing program includes temperature, pressure, and flow measurements made in the well and surface facilities. Sampling and analysis of fluid and scale both in the well and at the surface facilities will also be carried out. 6 refs., 7 figs., 7 tabs. (ACR)
Not Available
Global interrupt and barrier networks
A system and method for generating global asynchronous signals in a computing structure. Particularly, a global interrupt and barrier network is implemented that implements logic for generating global interrupt and barrier signals for controlling global asynchronous operations performed by processing elements at selected processing nodes of a computing structure in accordance with a processing algorithm; and includes the physical interconnecting of the processing nodes for communicating the global interrupt and barrier signals to the elements via low-latency paths. The global asynchronous signals respectively initiate interrupt and barrier operations at the processing nodes at times selected for optimizing performance of the processing algorithms. In one embodiment, the global interrupt and barrier network is implemented in a scalable, massively parallel supercomputing device structure comprising a plurality of processing nodes interconnected by multiple independent networks, with each node including one or more processing elements for performing computation or communication activity as required when performing parallel algorithm operations. One multiple independent network includes a global tree network for enabling high-speed global tree communications among global tree network nodes or sub-trees thereof. The global interrupt and barrier network may operate in parallel with the global tree network for providing global asynchronous sideband signals.
Blumrich, Matthias A. (Ridgefield, CT); Chen, Dong (Croton-On-Hudson, NY); Coteus, Paul W. (Yorktown Heights, NY); Gara, Alan G. (Mount Kisco, NY); Giampapa, Mark E (Irvington, NY); Heidelberger, Philip (Cortlandt Manor, NY); Kopcsay, Gerard V. (Yorktown Heights, NY); Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard D. (Mount Kisco, NY); Takken, Todd E. (Mount Kisco, NY)
The Carnal Global Sex for Sale on the Global Market
The Carnal Global Economy: Sex for Sale on the Global Market Sarah Gormady POLT 762 Spring 2009 #12;Human Trafficking is: Process + Way/Means + Goal A Global Free Market James Tassie #12;Commonwealth Queens Brothel Total Monthly Revenue $72,480 Total Operating Expenses $21,780 Gross Profit $50
New Hampshire, University of
Characterizing Surface Temperature and Clarity of Kuwait's Seawaters Using Remotely Sensed Measurements and GIS Analyses
Kuwait sea surface temperature (SST) and water clarity are important water characteristics that influence the entire Kuwait coastal ecosystem. The aim of this project was to study the spatial and temporal distributions of ...
Alsahli, Mohammad M. M.
Global climate feedbacks
The important physical, chemical, and biological events that affect global climate change occur on a mesoscale -- requiring high spatial resolution for their analysis. The Department of Energy has formulated two major initiatives under the US Global Change Program: ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements), and CHAMMP (Computer Hardware Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics). ARM is designed to use ground and air-craft based observations to document profiles of atmospheric composition, clouds, and radiative fluxes. With research and models of important physical processes, ARM will delineate the relationships between trace gases, aerosol and cloud structure, and radiative transfer in the atmosphere, and will improve the parameterization of global circulation models. The present GCMs do not model important feedbacks, including those from clouds, oceans, and land processes. The purpose of this workshop is to identify such potential feedbacks, to evaluate the uncertainties in the feedback processes (and, if possible, to parameterize the feedback processes so that they can be treated in a GCM), and to recommend research programs that will reduce the uncertainties in important feedback processes. Individual reports are processed separately for the data bases.
Manowitz, B.
Global residential appliance standards
In most countries, residential electricity consumption typically ranges from 20% to 40% of total electricity consumption. This energy is used for heating, cooling, refrigeration and other end-uses. Significant energy savings are possible if new appliance purchases are for models with higher efficiency than that of existing models. There are several ways to ensure or encourage such an outcome, for example, appliance rebates, innovative procurement, and minimum efficiency standards. This paper focuses on the latter approach. At the present time, the US is the only country with comprehensive appliance energy efficiency standards. However, many other countries, such as Australia, Canada, the European Community (EC), Japan and Korea, are considering enacting standards. The greatest potential impact of minimum efficiency standards for appliances is in the developing countries (e.g., China and India), where saturations of household appliances are relatively low but growing rapidly. This paper discusses the potential savings that could be achieved from global appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers. It also could be achieved from global appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers. It also discusses the impediments to establishing common standards for certain appliance types, such as differing test procedures, characteristics, and fuel prices. A methodology for establishing global efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers is described.
Turiel, I.; McMahon, J.E. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Lebot, B. (Agence Francaise pour la Maitrise de l'Energie, Valbonne (France))
Is an Alternative Globalization Possible?
Global Democracy. 94. Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (trump card. Recently, Amartya Sen�s �capability approach� 94
Evans, Peter
Globalization, Labor, Transformation of Work
in an Increasingly Global Economy Edited by Jonathan H. Westover THE ORGANISATION #12;First published in Australia in an increasingly global economy Jonathan H. Westover (editor) Bibliography. 978 1 86335 660 2 (pbk.) 978 1 86335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Economic Globalization and Caribbean Economies, Syed H. Akhter, Paul Pounder
GLOBAL WARMING THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND YOUR FAMILY'S CONTRIBUTION TO IT Stephen E. Schwartz GREENHOUSE EFFECT #12;GLOBAL ENERGY BALANCE Global and annual average energy fluxes in watts per square meter about it.But nobody does anything about it. Mark Twain Mark Twain Now with the greenhouse effect, we
Global Warming: Connecting the Dots
Global Warming: Connecting the Dots from Causes to Solutions* Jim Hansen 26 February 2007 National://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/worldwatch_nov2006.pdf) 5. Communicating dangers and opportunities in global warming, Amer-16, 2006. (http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2006/2006_Hansen.pdf) 8. Global warming: Connecting the dots from
4, 10591092, 2007 Global warming
BGD 4, 10591092, 2007 Global warming potential of agro-ecosystems S. Lehuger et al. Title Page Predicting the global warming potential of agro-ecosystems S. Lehuger, B. Gabrielle, E. Larmanou, P. Laville Correspondence to: S. Lehuger (email@example.com) 1059 #12;BGD 4, 10591092, 2007 Global warming
Agricultural Sciences for Global Development
's areas of expertise cover other urgent global issues such as energy supply, climate change, biodiversity, like food security and climate change, are truly global. The global arena is changing fast therefore and the environment in developing countries. Our research is conducted in close cooperation with partners in a large
Thinking about global climate change
Opinions regarding issues related to global climate change are presented. The focus is on socioeconomic and historical aspects. World War II is discussed as an intellectual and emotional turning point in global issues, and global climate change is identified as a possible turning point of similar significance. Political, scientific, and public points of view regarding the issue are discussed.
Russell, M. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Surface Analysis Techniques on Ceramic Materials | GE Global...
2-3-12-v-robotic-crawler-inspection Robotic Crawler Inspects Wind Turbines a7-v-ceramic-matrix-composites Composites Automation Cuts Production Time Down to Hours ...
A Surface Reconstruction Method Using Global Graph Cut Optimization
SAR (China) 1 firstname.lastname@example.com -- Sylvain Paris has worked on this project during his PhD at ARTIS calibrated images mainly has been approached using local methods, either as a continuous optimization problem of a pixel. Index Terms Graph flow, graph cut, 3D reconstruction from calibrated cameras, discontinuities
Paris, Sylvain
SAR (China) firstname.lastname@example.com Sylvain Paris has worked on this project during his PhD at ARTIS calibrated images mainly has been approached using local methods, either as a continuous optimization problem of a pixel. Index Terms Graph flow, graph cut, 3D reconstruction from calibrated cameras, discontinuities
SAR (China) email@example.com Sylvain Paris has worked on this project during his PhD at ARTIS reconstruction from multiple calibrated images mainly has been approached using local methods, either to 1/10th of a pixel. Index Terms Graph flow, graph cut, 3D reconstruction from calibrated cameras
observa- tions, vertical wind speed profile estimation givenspeed differences compared to over the Gulf Stream, 80 m wind power is relatively smaller because of reduced verticalvertical momentum transfer over the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current results in sub-logarithmic wind profiles, reduced 80 � 10 m wind speed
Global Minimum Cuts in Surface Embedded Graphs Jeff Erickson
contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. Portions of this work were done while this author was visiting Toyota
Erickson, Jeff
Changes in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over the Ocean from Surface Observations,
1 Changes in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over the Ocean from Surface Observations, 1954-2008 Ryan and Infrared Radiation (IR) #12;5 Low Clouds and Sea Surface Temperature #12;6 Cloud Data To better understand of this information with the longest continuous period of record #12;7 Surface Observed Cloud Climatology Ocean data
Hochberg, Michael
Satellite-based observations of surface turbulent stress during severe weather
of the surface. The boundary condition on wind speed implies that there must be a vertical offset, and it can on the vertical profile of wind speed, which is mainly dependent on wind speed differences between the sea surface of this model compared to previous formulations are in the near-surface boundary conditions on wind speed
in press, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, April 18, 2007 Carbon dioxide and oxygen fluxes in the Southern Ocean
found to affect oxygen fluxes. We find that ENSO also plays an important role in generating interannualin press, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, April 18, 2007 Carbon dioxide and oxygen fluxes College, London, UK Abstract. We analyze the variability of air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Marshall, John
Heat Waves, Global Warming, and Mitigation
Heat Waves, Global Warming, and Mitigation Ann E. Carlson*2008]HEAT WAVES, GLOBAL WARMING, AND MITIGATION 175 stroke2001). 2008]HEAT WAVES, GLOBAL WARMING, AND MITIGATION 177
Carlson, Ann E.
Global Warming, endogenous risk and irreversibility
The economics of global warming, Institute for InternationalEconomic Models of Global Warming, Cambridge, Mass. MITstochastic losses from global warming, Risk Analysis 16(2):
Fisher, Anthony C.; Narain, Urvashi
Contemporary Sea Level Rise Anny Cazenave and William Llovel
Contemporary Sea Level Rise Anny Cazenave and William Llovel Laboratoire d'´etudes en g reserved 1941-1405/10/0115-0145$20.00 Key Words sea level rise, climate change, land ice melt, ocean we report on most recent results on contemporary sea level rise. We first present sea level
Sea Level Rise Adaptation: From Climate Chaos to Climate Resilience
Sea Level Rise Adaptation: From Climate Chaos to Climate Resilience Human Dimensions and Ocean, 2013 #12;Main Discussion Points · How do we incorporate Sea-Level Rise into planning and regulatory actions? · What Does the new NRC Report on Sea- Level Rise mean to Decision-makers? · How does Sea-Level
Rohs, Remo
AMSR-E Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: Sea Ice Products
the Arctic perennial ice regions, and the ice temperature is produced from an algorithm similar to the Nimbus1 AMSR-E Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: Sea Ice Products Thorsten Markus and Donald J 20771 1. Overview The AMSR-E sea ice standard level 3 products include sea ice concentration, sea ice
Waliser, Duane E.
Response of precipitation extremes to idealized global warming in an aqua-planet climate model: Towards robust projection across different horizontal resolutions
Current climate models produce quite heterogeneous projections for the responses of precipitation extremes to future climate change. To help understand the range of projections from multimodel ensembles, a series of idealized 'aquaplanet' Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) runs have been performed with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM3. These runs have been analysed to identify the effects of horizontal resolution on precipitation extreme projections under two simple global warming scenarios. We adopt the aquaplanet framework for our simulations to remove any sensitivity to the spatial resolution of external inputs and to focus on the roles of model physics and dynamics. Results show that a uniform increase of sea surface temperature (SST) and an increase of low-to-high latitude SST gradient both lead to increase of precipitation and precipitation extremes for most latitudes. The perturbed SSTs generally have stronger impacts on precipitation extremes than on mean precipitation. Horizontal model resolution strongly affects the global warming signals in the extreme precipitation in tropical and subtropical regions but not in high latitude regions. This study illustrates that the effects of horizontal resolution have to be taken into account to develop more robust projections of precipitation extremes.
Li, F.; Collins, W.D.; Wehner, M.F.; Williamson, D.L.; Olson, J.G.
Distribution of the organic matter in the channel-levees systems of the Congo mud-rich deep sea fan (West Africa).
(West Africa). Implication for deep offshore petroleum source rocks and global carbon cycle François), the origin of which is a mixture of terrestrial higher- plant debris and deeply oxidized phytoplanktonic-prone source rocks for the deep offshore of the Atlantic margins. Finally, the Congo deep-sea turbiditic system
Examining Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean Using ArcGIS Tracy L. DeLiberty, Cathleen A. Geiger and Mary D. Lemcke
. On the contrary, the southern ice cover modeling results produce conflicting responses in global warming scenariosExamining Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean Using ArcGIS Tracy L. DeLiberty, Cathleen A. Geiger at the University of Delaware, the Australian Antarctic Division, the National Ice Center (NIC), Clarkson University
The nonlinear dynamics of the sea breeze
The response of the land and sea breeze circulation to two highly simplified dynamical models is presented. The first dynamical model is the explicit specification of an oscillating interior heat source analogous to that from Rotunno (1983...
Walter, Kevin Robert
Modeling convection in the Greenland Sea
A detailed examination of the development of a deep convection event observed in the Greenland Sea in 1988-89 is carried out through a combination of modeling, scale estimates, and data analysis. We develop a prognostic ...
Bhushan, Vikas
Circulation and convection in the Irminger Sea
Aspects of the circulation and convection in the Irminger Sea are investigated using a variety of in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis products. Westerly Greenland tip jet events are intense, small-scale wind ...
V�ge, Kjetil
origin and distribution of gas hydrates in marine sediments,rise: Associations with gas hydrates. Geology, 23: 89-92.sea-level lowstands above gas hydrate-bearing sediments.
Timeline | GE Global Research
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest RegionatSearchScheduled System BurstLong TermScience&Time-ResolvedGlobal
The Global Energy Challenge
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
The expected doubling of global energy demand by 2050 challenges our traditional patterns of energy production, distribution and use.�� The continued use of fossil fuels raises concerns about supply, security, environment and climate.� New routes are needed for the efficient conversion of energy from chemical fuel, sunlight, and heat to electricity or hydrogen as an energy carrier and finally to end uses like transportation, lighting, and heating. Opportunities for efficient new energy conversion routes based on nanoscale materials will be presented, with emphasis on the sustainable energy technologies they enable.
George Crabtree
Sandia National Laboratories: Global
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -theErik Spoerke SSLS Exhibit at ExploraGlobal Sandia Co-Hosts "Climate Risk
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -theErik Spoerke SSLS Exhibit at ExploraGlobal Sandia Co-Hosts "Climate
A new Late Holocene sea-level record from the Mississippi Delta: evidence for a climate/sea level connection?
rise. Removal of the long-term trend (0.60 mm yr�?1 ) allows for the possibility of a sea-level oscil focuses on forecasting sea-level rise, typically with substantial uncertainties given the largely unknownA new Late Holocene sea-level record from the Mississippi Delta: evidence for a climate/sea level
Törnqvist, Torbjörn E.
State authority in an expanded territorial sea
of the United States in the disputed area. The 1950 Texas case concerned claims encompassing the entire extent of the continental shelf off the coast of Texas. Texas conceded that the federal aovernment had paramount powers over this area with respect to nav... development and current status of state authority in the territorial sea. The possi- bility of the United States expanding its territorial sea to twelve miles is then examined. This paper then proceeds with an examination of what types of authoritl...
Fulbright, Michael Gene
Programmable surfaces
Robotic vehicles walk on legs, roll on wheels, are pulled by tracks, pushed by propellers, lifted by wings, and steered by rudders. All of these systems share the common character of momentum transport across their surfaces. ...
Sun, Amy (Amy Teh-Yu)
A modeling study of coastal inundation induced by storm surge, sea-level rise, and subsidence in the Gulf of Mexico
The northern coasts of the Gulf of Mexico are highly vulnerable to the direct threats of climate change, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, and such risks can be potentially exacerbated by land subsidence and global sea level rise. This paper presents an application of a coastal storm surge model to study the coastal inundation process induced by tide and storm surge, and its response to the effects of land subsidence and sea level rise in the northern Gulf coast. An unstructured-grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model was used to simulate tides and hurricane-induced storm surges in the Gulf of Mexico. Simulated distributions of co-amplitude and co-phase of semi-diurnal and diurnal tides are in good agreement with previous modeling studies. The storm surges induced by four historical hurricanes (Rita, Katrina, Ivan and Dolly) were simulated and compared to observed water levels at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tide stations. Effects of coastal subsidence and future global sea level rise on coastal inundation in the Louisiana coast were evaluated using a parameter �change of inundation depth� through sensitivity simulations that were based on a projected future subsidence scenario and 1-m global sea level rise by the end of the century. Model results suggested that hurricane-induced storm surge height and coastal inundation could be exacerbated by future global sea level rise and subsidence, and that responses of storm surge and coastal inundation to the effects of sea level rise and subsidence are highly nonlinear and vary on temporal and spatial scales.
Yang, Zhaoqing; Wang, Taiping; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Hibbard, Kathleen A.; Janetos, Anthony C.; Kraucunas, Ian P.; Rice, Jennie S.; Preston, Benjamin; Wilbanks, Thomas
International conference on the role of the polar regions in global change: Proceedings. Volume 2
The International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change took place on the campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks on June 11--15, 1990. The goal of the conference was to define and summarize the state of knowledge on the role of the polar regions in global change, and to identify gaps in knowledge. To this purpose experts in a wide variety of relevant disciplines were invited to present papers and hold panel discussions. While there are numerous conferences on global change, this conference dealt specifically with the polar regions which occupy key positions in the global system. These two volumes of conference proceedings include papers on (1) detection and monitoring of change; (2) climate variability and climate forcing; (3) ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere interactions and processes; and (4) effects on biota and biological feedbacks; (5) ice sheet, glacier and permafrost responses and feedbacks, (6) paleoenvironmental studies; and, (7) aerosol and trace gases.
Weller, G.; Wilson, C.L.; Severin, B.A.B. [eds.
International conference on the role of the polar regions in global change: Proceedings. Volume 1
The International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change took place on the campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks on June 11--15, 1990. The goal of the conference was to define and summarize the state of knowledge on the role of the polar regions in global change, and to identify gaps in knowledge. To this purpose experts in a wide variety of relevant disciplines were invited to present papers and hold panel discussions. While there are numerous conferences on global change, this conference dealt specifically with polar regions which occupy key positions in the global system. These two volumes of conference proceedings include papers on (1) detection and monitoring of change; (2) climate variability and climate forcing; (3) ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere interactions and processes; (4) effects on biota and biological feedbacks; (5) ice sheet, glacier and permafrost responses and feedbacks; (6) paleoenvironmental studies; and, (7) aerosols and trace gases.
Global tree network for computing structures enabling global processing operations
A system and method for enabling high-speed, low-latency global tree network communications among processing nodes interconnected according to a tree network structure. The global tree network enables collective reduction operations to be performed during parallel algorithm operations executing in a computer structure having a plurality of the interconnected processing nodes. Router devices are included that interconnect the nodes of the tree via links to facilitate performance of low-latency global processing operations at nodes of the virtual tree and sub-tree structures. The global operations performed include one or more of: broadcast operations downstream from a root node to leaf nodes of a virtual tree, reduction operations upstream from leaf nodes to the root node in the virtual tree, and point-to-point message passing from any node to the root node. The global tree network is configurable to provide global barrier and interrupt functionality in asynchronous or synchronized manner, and, is physically and logically partitionable.
Blumrich; Matthias A. (Ridgefield, CT); Chen, Dong (Croton-On-Hudson, NY); Coteus, Paul W. (Yorktown Heights, NY); Gara, Alan G. (Mount Kisco, NY); Giampapa, Mark E. (Irvington, NY); Heidelberger, Philip (Cortlandt Manor, NY); Hoenicke, Dirk (Ossining, NY); Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard D. (Mount Kisco, NY); Takken, Todd E. (Mount Kisco, NY); Vranas, Pavlos M. (Bedford Hills, NY)
Steady periodic gravity waves with surface tension
In this paper we consider two-dimensional, stratified, steady water waves propagating over an impermeable flat bed and with a free surface. The motion is assumed to be driven by capillarity (that is, surface tension) on the surface and a gravitational force acting on the body of the fluid. We prove the existence of global continua of classical solutions that are periodic and traveling. This is accomplished by first constructing a 1-parameter family of laminar flow solutions, $\\mathcal{T}$, then applying bifurcation theory methods to obtain local curves of small amplitude solutions branching from $\\mathcal{T}$ at an eigenvalue of the linearized problem. Each solution curve is then continued globally by means of a degree theoretic theorem in the spirit of Rabinowitz. Finally, we complement the degree theoretic picture by proving an alternate global bifurcation theorem via the analytic continuation method of Dancer.
Samuel Walsh
Local and Global Casimir Energies for a Semitransparent Cylindrical Shell
The local Casimir energy density and the global Casimir energy for a massless scalar field associated with a $\\lambda\\delta$-function potential in a 3+1 dimensional circular cylindrical geometry are considered. The global energy is examined for both weak and strong coupling, the latter being the well-studied Dirichlet cylinder case. For weak-coupling,through $\\mathcal{O}(\\lambda^2)$, the total energy is shown to vanish by both analytic and numerical arguments, based both on Green's-function and zeta-function techniques. Divergences occurring in the calculation are shown to be absorbable by renormalization of physical parameters of the model. The global energy may be obtained by integrating the local energy density only when the latter is supplemented by an energy term residing precisely on the surface of the cylinder. The latter is identified as the integrated local energy density of the cylindrical shell when the latter is physically expanded to have finite thickness. Inside and outside the delta-function shell, the local energy density diverges as the surface of the shell is approached; the divergence is weakest when the conformal stress tensor is used to define the energy density. A real global divergence first occurs in $\\mathcal{O}(\\lambda^3)$, as anticipated, but the proof is supplied here for the first time; this divergence is entirely associated with the surface energy, and does {\\em not} reflect divergences in the local energy density as the surface is approached.
Ines Cavero-Pelaez; Kimball A. Milton; Klaus Kirsten
Local and Global Casimir Energies for a Semitransparent Cylindrical Shell In´es Cavero the -function shell, the local energy density diverges as the surface of the shell is approached; the divergence by physical boundaries, such as the Casimir energy due to a perfectly conducting spherical shell [1], has been
Milton, Kim
Global Studies Course List Fall 2010 (2111) COURSE LIST
...........................................................................5 2. Global Economy and Global Governance .................................................9 3 from one of six Global Concentrations (Sustainable Development; Global Economy and Global GovernanceGlobal Studies Course List � Fall 2010 (2111) Page 1 COURSE LIST Fall 2010 (2111) Global Studies
Jiang, Huiqiang
SEAS STUDENT GROUP HANDBOOK Administrative and Funding support for SEAS related Student Organizations
SEAS STUDENT GROUP HANDBOOK Included: Administrative and Funding support for SEAS related Student Organizations Harvard College Policies for Student Organizations Goals: The Student Affairs Office seeks to support, organize, and unify the many varied student organizations that are related to Engineering
LABORATORY Blue-green Algae Bloom circa 1971, Lake Erie Photo: Forsythe and Reutter OHIO SEA GRANT AND STONE Impacts on Lake Erie and Stone Lab Efforts to Address the Problem OHIO SEA GRANT AND STONE LABORATORY Jeffrey M. Reutter, Ph.D., Director ·1895--F.T. Stone Laboratory ·1970--Center for Lake Erie Area Research
Howat, Ian M.
Estimation of Air-Sea Gas Transfer Using Conically Scanning SeaWinds Scatterometer Normalized Backscatter
Backscatter David M. Glover Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic 2001 -- 31 March 2005 FINAL REPORT #12;Estimation of Air-Sea Gas Transfer from Scatterometry; Glover et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23 #12;Estimation of Air-Sea Gas Transfer from Scatterometry; Glover et al. ii B Daily Non
Glover, David M.
9. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) 80 9. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA)
9. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) 80 _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) 9.1 Introduction In this chapter an introduction to a framework denoted Statistical Energy Analysis was developed in the 1960's, to a great extent to clarify and handle
Berlin,Technische Universität
Red Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum: Implications for sea level reconstruction
. Gildor,1 and W. R. Peltier2 Received 13 February 2007; revised 29 July 2007; accepted 30 October 2007 based on the ICE-5G (VM2) model. Citation: Biton, E., H. Gildor, and W. R. Peltier (2008), Red Sea sea level reduction for the LGM interval range between approximately 120 m [Peltier, 2004, 2002
National Sea Grant College What Does the National Sea Grant College Program Do for the Nation?
Accomplishments Sea Grant's work is helping coastal communities make efficient use of land, energy and water to develop a lowimpact development ordinance designed to balance multiple uses and optimize environmental stability. The ordinance was endorsed by the Los Angeles City Council and signed by the Mayor. Sea level
Drag coefficient for the air-sea exchange: foam impact in hurricane conditions
A physical model is proposed for the estimation of the foam impact on the variation of the effective drag coefficient, C_d, with reference to the wind speed U10 in stormy and hurricane conditions. In the present model C_d is approximated by partitioning the sea surface into foam-covered and foam-free areas. Based on the available optical and radiometric measurements of the fractional foam coverage and the characteristic roughness of the sea-surface in the saturation limit of the foam coverage, the model yields the resulting dependence of C_d vs U10. This dependence is in fair agreement with that evaluated from field measurements of the vertical variation of the mean wind speed.
Golbraikh, Ephim
The Science and Ethics of Global warming Global warming has become one of the central political and scientific issues of
of the atmosphere is to reduce the efficiency with which the earth's surface radiates away the energy it absorbs of the physical processes that govern global climate and the far reaching potential ecological impacts well established (those seeking further information might start by reading the 2001 summary report
Kirk-Davidoff, Daniel
This dissertation examines the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse climate in the Aptian-Albian through the perspective of the global hydrologic cycle. Stable isotopic compositions of pedogenic and exposure surface carbonates presented ...
Suarez, Marina B.
Global Scratch Upgrade in Progress
the facility is now positioned to meet the performance demands of all its clusters. By upgrading the consolidated Global Scratch, users will be able to continue taking advantage...
Environmental Regulation, Globalization, and Innovation
This essay explores the complex relationship between environmental regulation, innovation, and sustainable development within the context of an increasingly globalizing economy. It will be argued that industrial policy, ...
Ashford, Nicholas
Machine Learning for Global Optimization
Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor). Machine Learning for Global Optimization. A. Cassioli?. � D. Di Lorenzo. ?. � M. Locatelli. ??. � F. Schoen.
Amazon River water in the northeastern Caribbean Sea and its effect on larval reef fish assemblages during April 2009
Amazon River water in the northeastern Caribbean Sea and its effect on larval reef fish assemblages.S.A. ABSTRACT During April to June 2009, a large bolus of Amazon River water impacted the northeastern Caribbean Ocean waters to the north, with Caribbean surface waters showing intermediate values. Plankton net tows
Dissolved methane distributions and air-sea flux in the plume of a massive seep field, Coal Oil Point, California
Dissolved methane distributions and air-sea flux in the plume of a massive seep field, Coal Oil coastal ocean near Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara Channel, California. Methane was quantified in the down current surface water at 79 stations in a 280 km2 study area. The methane plume spread over an area of $70
Washburn, Libe
Use of a Nesting Platform by Gul-Billed Terns and Black Skimmers at the Salton Sea, California
... the optimum and (2) its unprotected location with respect to wind-driven waves on the surface of the Salton Sea coupled with the region�s ... larids have specifically addressed the causes of mortality of young terns on these artificial sites. In a comparison of the ...
Deep-Sea Research II 54 (2007) 601638 High biomass, low export regimes in the Southern Ocean
Deep-Sea Research II 54 (2007) 601638 High biomass, low export regimes in the Southern Ocean with a more diverse particle-feeding zooplankton community immediately below. Surface waters with high biomass levels and high proportion of biomass in the large-size fraction were associated with low particle
Bishop, James K.B.
SOLAS Mid Term Strategy Initiative "Air-sea gas fluxes at Eastern boundary upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) systems"
of SOLAS and to the Workshop Véronique Garçon 09:50 Surface (energy and water) fluxes at the air1 SOLAS Mid Term Strategy Initiative "Air-sea gas fluxes at Eastern boundary upwelling and Oxygen
Non-existence of Global Energy-Minimisers in Stokes Wave Problems
Non-existence of Global Energy-Minimisers in Stokes Wave Problems J. F. Toland Abstract Recently it was shown that a wave profile which minimises total energy, elastic plus hydrodynamic, subject theories of existence. The purpose here is to show that, without surface energy, global minimisers do
arXiv:1408.2487v2[physics.ao-ph]22Aug2014 Ising model for melt ponds on Arctic sea ice
arXiv:1408.2487v2[physics.ao-ph]22Aug2014 Ising model for melt ponds on Arctic sea ice Yi-Ping Ma,1, USA The albedo of melting Arctic sea ice, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by pools of water on the ice surface. Recent observations show an onset of pond complexity at a critical area
Standing Stocks and Faunal Zonation of Deep-Sea Benthos: Patterns and Predictions across Scales
constructed from 24 oceanographic institutions worldwide within the Census of Marine Life (CoML) field projects. The machine-learning algorithm, Random Forests, was employed to model and predict seafloor standing stocks from surface primary production... variables: Decadal mean and standard deviation (S.D.) of monthly net primary production (NPP) models (cbpm, vgpm), and the data inputs for the NPP models (Behrenfeld & Falkowski 1997, Westberry et al. 2008) including chlorophyll concentration (chl), sea...
Wei, Chih-Lin
CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL ECONOMY How to decarbonise the global economy
CLIMATE CHANGE · GLOBAL ECONOMY How to decarbonise the global economy Today's report on deep efforts of independent experts from 15 countries to find national pathways to making economies based-zero emissions sometime in the second half of this century. This deep cut should occur in a growing world economy
Time-dependent inversion estimates of global biomass-burning CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) measurements
Monthly CO surface sources inventory based on the 2000 �of TRACE-P emission inventories from China using a regionaltrajectories, emission inventories, and global models, J.
Arellano, Avelino F; Kasibhatla, Prasad S; Giglio, Louis; van der Werf, Guido R; Randerson, James T; Collatz, G. James
Complete Embedded Minimal Surfaces of Finite Total David Hoffman
Complete Embedded Minimal Surfaces of Finite Total Curvature David Hoffman Department-5300 Bonn, Germany July 18, 1994 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Basic theory and the global Weierstrass representation 4 2.1 Finite total curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2
GLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND #12;A first-class student experience in world-CLASS 18 CONTACT 26 CONTENTS 3GLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND #12;Queen's is a powerhouse THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELANDGLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND CHANCELLOR'S WELCOME
Paxton, Anthony T.
RENEWABLES 2005 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Paper prepared for the REN21 Network by The Worldwatch Institute Lead Author: Eric Martinotwww.ren21.net #12;Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century REN21 is a global policy network aimed at providing a forum for international leadership on renewable
Kammen, Daniel M.
GLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND #12;#12;CHANCELLOR'S WELCOME 4 VICE: INNOVATIVE AND WORLD-CLASS 18 CONTACT 26 CONTENTS 3GLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND #12;Queen THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELANDGLOBAL IMPACT FROM THE HEART OF NORTHERN IRELAND CHANCELLOR'S WELCOME
Müller, Jens-Dominik
GLOBAL WARMING THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND YOUR FAMILY'S CONTRIBUTION TO IT Stephen E. Schwartz September 22, 2004 http://www.ecd.bnl.gov/steve/schwartz.html #12;#12;THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT #12;GLOBAL does anything about it. Mark Twain Mark Twain Now with the greenhouse effect, we ARE doing something
Seismicity in Azerbaijan and Adjacent Caspian Sea
So far no general view on the geodynamic evolution of the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea region is elaborated. This is associated with the geological and structural complexities of the region revealed by geophysical, geochemical, petrologic, structural, and other studies. A clash of opinions on geodynamic conditions of the Caucasus region, sometimes mutually exclusive, can be explained by a simplified interpretation of the seismic data. In this paper I analyze available data on earthquake occurrences in Azerbaijan and the adjacent Caspian Sea region. The results of the analysis of macroseismic and instrumental data, seismic regime, and earthquake reoccurrence indicate that a level of seismicity in the region is moderate, and seismic event are concentrated in the shallow part of the lithosphere. Seismicity is mostly intra-plate, and spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters does not correlate with the plate boundaries.
Panahi, Behrouz M. [Geology Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 29-A H. Javid Ave., Baku 1143 (Azerbaijan)
) and others have cited the need for an assessment of the role of animals in oceanic carbon flux (Bruland et al
Thuesen, Erik V.
Global patterns of marine mammal, seabird, and sea turtle bycatch reveal taxa-specific and cumulative
regions that support developed industrial fisheries and millions of small-scale fishers--and identifies ecosystems, has been the focus of a number of recent studies (1) that have shown that the impact fisheries can have on ocean health. Over the past 50 y, total world fisheries production has increased from 19
Lewison, Rebecca
AiR surface: AiR surface 1
AiR surface: 1 PDA AiR surface 1 1: AiR surface () () 2 [1] [2] 3 AiR surface AiR surface surface surface surface 3.1 surface [3]( 3 ) surface 3.2 surface surface AiR surface 4 AiR surface surface AiR surface: Virtual Touch Panel
Tanaka, Jiro
Moving | GE Global Research
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment SurfacesResource ProgramModification andinterface1 EEnergy,Moving Toward aMoving
Caspian Sea MODU refurbished to western standards
A consortium of eleven companies acquired and refurbished the semisubmersible drilling unit Kaspmorneft for drilling in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea. This was the first such acquisition and refurbishment project in the region. The project cost $40 million and took 12 months. The paper discusses the Caspian Sea potential, existing fleet, option evaluation, contracting philosophy, drilling contractor selection, inspection survey, project scope, planned work, actual work, schedule, plan execution, implementation, work force, training, safety, environmental concerns, quality management, subcontractors, work site, logistics, and work completion.
Prince, P.K. [Azerbaijan International Operating Co., Baku (Azerbaijan); Yenzer, D.E. [Santa Fe International Corp., Dallas, TX (United States)
area north sea: Topics by E-print Network
wave climate Conclusions & Discussion 12;NCK days 18 March 2011 model at KNMI Covers North Sea area Wind and sea level pressure results from the ESSENCE- Ensemble are not...
aegean sea coast: Topics by E-print Network
Assuming the Dirac sea is a physical reality, we have one imagination that a negative energy particle(s) in the sea and a usual positive energy particle(s) will form a neutral...
U-101: Mozilla Firefox / Thunderbird / SeaMonkey XBL Binding...
101: Mozilla Firefox Thunderbird SeaMonkey XBL Binding Use-After-Free Vulnerability U-101: Mozilla Firefox Thunderbird SeaMonkey XBL Binding Use-After-Free Vulnerability...
Clean Cities Reaches Across the Sea | Department of Energy
the Sea Clean Cities Reaches Across the Sea May 27, 2011 - 3:31pm Addthis Dennis A. Smith Director, National Clean Cities Countries across the globe have a diversity of...
Drowned carbonate platforms in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea
subsidence caused by G. Hoffmann (&) � E. Silver UniversitySea, Papua New Guinea Gary Hoffmann � Eli Silver � Simon Day
Hoffmann, Gary; Silver, Eli; Day, Simon; Driscoll, Neal; Appelgate, Bruce
MFR PAPER 1283 Sea Scallop Resources off the
. scallops on Georges Bank and the Mid- dle Atlantic Shelf. Two sea scallop surveys on the RV Albatross IV
Resisting globalization- ATTAC in France: local discourses, global terrain
The debate over the "globalization" process has been influenced by the emergence of social movements who deplore this process. This research focuses on the French social movement ATTAC (Action for a Tobin Tax for the Aid of Citizens...
Leonard, Marie des Neiges
SNOW ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE Robert A. Massom,1
SNOW ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE Robert A. Massom,1 Hajo Eicken,2 Christian Haas,3 Martin O. Jeffries,2 on Antarctic sea ice plays a complex and highly variable role in air-sea-ice interaction pro- cesses of thicker snow and thin- ner ice in the Antarctic relative to the Arctic (e.g., the importance of flooding
Warren, Stephen
Atlas of Japan (East) Sea hydrographic properties in summer, 1999
Atlas of Japan (East) Sea hydrographic properties in summer, 1999 Lynne D. Talley a,*, Pavel: Japan sea; Ocean chemistry; Ocean atlas; Marginal seas; Water masses 1. Introduction The Japan or East (Talley et al., 2004a). Here we present a comprehensive atlas of the methods and property distributions
Talley, Lynne D.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE SCENARIOS FOR CALIFORNIA VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION This white paper provides an evaluation of physical elements of climate change and sea level rise, and a range of sea level rise along the California coast. Keywords: California climate change
Sea-Level Rise OF THE EFFECTS OF
Climate Change AND Sea-Level Rise IN Florida AN Update OF THE EFFECTS OF Climate Change ON FLORIDA to them. Florida Oceans and Coastal Council. 2010. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise in Florida: An Update, sea-level rise, with the expectation that updates for increasing greenhouse gases, air temperature
Sea Level Changes in the Southeastern United States
climate change are usu- ally focused on sea level rise rather than on warming. In Florida most long-term stations measuring sea level are currently registering a rise of about 2 millimeters per year or about 8 estimates a rise of 32 inches by 2100 as the best guess for sea level rise in south Florida and a smaller
Ronquist, Fredrik
Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 1307 Erratum to ``On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea''
Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 1307 Erratum Erratum to ``On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea is printed below. Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience caused. Fig. 14. Comparison of Caribbean
OREGON SEA GRANT | SUMMER 2014 | VOLUME 3 NO. 1 ChangeHow Oregon Sea Grant
9 Adapting to Climate Change: Some Continuing Challenges Communicating about Climate Change: Reflections Bottom line: effective communication is critical 13 Climate Change in the Northwest Confluence's homes and business? In "Communicating about Climate Change: Reflections," Oregon Sea Grant
is a management tool useful for both planning and profitability analysis. With regard to business planning the Profitability of Hybrid Striped. Bass Cage Culture Jean Rosscup Riepe LaDon Swann Paul B. Brown Department of Illinois-lndirtna Deparment of Forestry Agricultural Economics Sea Grant Program and Natural Resources
Murchison project organization and control. [North Sea
A description is given of the project management organization and the management control systems used for Conoco's Murchison field development in the North Sea. These systems created for Murchison proved largely successful and have been enhanced for use during the Hutton field development. Management concepts are described in the context of the cost control system. 3 refs.
Lauren, P.K.; Hall, J.N.
EUTROPHICATION OF SWEDISH SEAS Donald Boesch
#12;EUTROPHICATION OF SWEDISH SEAS Donald Boesch Robert Hecky Charles O'Melia, Chair David and the water mass. In the in-depth evaluation of the environmental quality objective "Zero Eutrophication to achieve the environmental quality objective. An international panel of highly qualified eutrophication
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT SEA WATER INORGANIC CARBON DATABASE for the CARBON DIOXIDE INFORMATION OF OCEANOGRAPHY (SIO) I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The database consists of tables presenting oceanic inorganic carbon, titration (total) alkalinity (database abbreviation: "ALK"), and the 13 C / 12 C isotopic ratio
The humble sea urchin is helping biologists
PR I NG 2012 ENGINEERING & SCIENCE t's spawning season for the purple sea urchin. A female has important origin stories of all--how a fertilized egg transforms into a complex organism. Much of what the nervous system, some the immune cells, others the gut. By the time it reaches the 24-hour mark, the embryo
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP/KNMI/TEC/TN/165 CMOD5.n - the CMOD5 GMF SAF to produce neutral winds rather than real 10m winds. Currently, the CMOD5 Geophysical Model]. KNMI subsequently produced a CMOD5.n Lookup Table and tested the retrieved Maximum Likelihood Estimator
WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE FISH STOCK OF THE NORTH SEA By Dro Go Po Bae rends Biologist of the Netherlands AND FOOD SUPPLY The Bague, Netherlands, July 1947 Translated from the Dutch by? JAN HAHN, Woods Hole J 1950 #12;#12;CONTENTS Preface Page Editor's Prei8ld# e»oaoooeoesaoo«ooooa«* 1 Xn1jl*OQUO b
for the program is provided by the following agencies: Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) Deutsche&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program which is managedDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT DATA FILE DOCUMENTS Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University Technical
Specific Examples of Global Activities Environmental assessment in Azerbaijan
, global warming, and global entrepreneurship. Discovery Park works syner- gistically with the Office competitiveness, global energy security, global warming, and global entrepreneurship. Discovery Park worksSpecific Examples of Global Activities · Environmental assessment in Azerbaijan · Study abroad
The China-in-Global Energy Model
The China-in-Global Energy Model (C-GEM) is a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model that captures the interaction of production, consumption and trade among multiple global regions and sectors � including five ...
Qi, T.
Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 539554 Estimating pCO2 from sea surface temperatures
. Tel.: +44-1603-593398; fax: +44-1603-507719. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (N. Lef"evre). 0967
A 28-ka history of sea surface temperature, primary productivity and planktonic community variability in the western Arabian Sea
resulted in deep convective mixing, cold SSTs and enhanced primary productivity. In contrast, postdeglacial the northern Indian Ocean and central Asia is a major feature of the Earth's climate. During summer Africa to the Indian subcontinent. As the Tibetan Plateau is heated, a gradient of temperature
PARTNERSHIP PROFILE: THE GLOBAL FUND | 1 About the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
grants worth a total of US$29 billion in more than 140 countries. The Global Fund provided 22% of allPARTNERSHIP PROFILE: THE GLOBAL FUND | 1 MARCH 2014 About the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) is a global
Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: Towards a better understanding
Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is vital in order to know to what extent the tool fulfills its purposes and produces expected results. However, the studies that have evaluated the substantive effectiveness of SEA produce varying outcomes as regards the tool's contribution to decision-making and have used a variety of approaches to appraise its effectiveness. The aim of this article is to discuss the theoretical concept of SEA substantive effectiveness and to present a new approach that can be applied for evaluation studies. The SEA effectiveness evaluation framework that will be presented is composed of concepts of, and approaches to, SEA effectiveness derived from SEA literature and planning theory. Lessons for evaluation can be learned from planning theory in particular, given its long history of analyzing and understanding how sources of information and decisions affect (subsequent) decision-making. Key concepts of this new approach are 'conformance' and 'performance'. In addition, this article presents a systematic overview of process and context factors that can explain SEA effectiveness, derived from SEA literature. To illustrate the practical value of our framework for the assessment and understanding of substantive effectiveness of SEA, three Dutch SEA case studies are examined. The case studies have confirmed the usefulness of the SEA effectiveness assessment framework. The framework proved helpful in order to describe the cumulative influence of the three SEAs on decision-making and the ultimate plan. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new framework to evaluate the substantive effectiveness of SEA is presented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The framework is based on two key concepts: 'conformance' and 'performance.' Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The practical applicability of the framework is demonstrated by three Dutch cases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The framework allows for a more systematic understanding of SEA effectiveness. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Finally, this paper presents explanations for SEA effectiveness.
Doren, D. van [Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands); Driessen, P.P.J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands); Schijf, B. [Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment, P.O. Box 2345, 3500 GH Utrecht (Netherlands); Runhaar, H.A.C. [Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands)
Monsoon-driven vertical fluxes of organic pollutants in the western Arabian Sea
A time series of sinking particles from the western Arabian Sea was analyzed for aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, 4,4{prime}-DDT and 4,4{prime}-DDE, to assess the role of monsoons on their vertical flux in the Indian Ocean. Concurrently, molecular markers such as sterols and linear and branched alkanes were analyzed enabling the characterization of the biogenic sources and biogeochemical processes occurring during the sampling period. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the data set of concentrations and fluxes of these compounds confirmed a seasonal variability driven by the SW and NE monsoons. Moreover, the influence of different air masses is evidenced by the occurrence of higher concentrations of DDT, PCBs, and pyrolytic PAHs during the NE monsoon and of fossil hydrocarbons during the SW monsoon. Total annual fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea represent an important removal contribution of persistent organic pollutants, thus not being available for the global distillation process (volatilization and atmospheric transport from low or mid latitudes to cold areas). Therefore, monsoons may play a significant role on the global cycle of organic pollutants.
Dachs, J.; Bayona, J.M.; Ittekkot, V.; Albaiges, J.
Global energy demand to 2060
The projection of global energy demand to the year 2060 is of particular interest because of its relevance to the current greenhouse concerns. The long-term growth of global energy demand in the time scale of climatic change has received relatively little attention in the public discussion of national policy alternatives. The sociological, political, and economic issues have rarely been mentioned in this context. This study emphasizes that the two major driving forces are global population growth and economic growth (gross national product per capita), as would be expected. The modest annual increases assumed in this study result in a year 2060 annual energy use of >4 times the total global current use (year 1986) if present trends continue, and >2 times with extreme efficiency improvements in energy use. Even assuming a zero per capita growth for energy and economics, the population increase by the year 2060 results in a 1.5 times increase in total annual energy use.
Starr, C. (Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA (USA))
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective
a global Openshaw, K. , Wood fuels the developing world, Newbetween 6 and 40% of wood fuel is converted to charcoalsimilar to that for wood fuel. The source for CO given in
Logan, Jennifer A; Prather, Michael J; Wofsy, Steven C; McElroy, Michael B
Global Environment Facility Evaluation Office
Global Environment Facility Evaluation Office PROTECTED AREAS AND AVOIDED DEFORESTATION #12;Protected Areas and Avoided Deforestation: An Econometric Evaluation - i - TABLE OF CONTENTS 1................................................................................4 3.3 ESTIMATED EFFECTS OF PROTECTED AREAS ON DEFORESTATION
Pfaff, Alex
Global optimization in reduced space
Optimization is a key activity in any engineering discipline. Global optimization methods, in particular, strive to solve nonconvex problems, which often arise in chemical engineering, and deterministic algorithms such as ...
Wechsung, Achim
Supplementary Information for: Global soil carbon projections are improved by modeling microbial processes. William R. Wieder, Gordon B. Bonan, & Steven D. Allison (2.1 MB .pdf)
total = 660 Pg C; (b) Observed soil profile, global total = 1259 Pg C; (c) CLM microbial model surface soils, global total = 784 Pg C [spatial correlation with observations (r) = 0.75, model-weighted root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.9 kg C m-2 ]; (d) CLM microbial model soil profile, global total = 1310 Pg
Saleska, Scott
Short communication Satellite-derived surface water pCO2 and airsea CO2 fluxes
Short communication Satellite-derived surface water pCO2 and airsea CO2 fluxes in the northern for the estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and airsea CO2 fluxes in the northern South), respectively, the monthly pCO2 fields were computed. The derived pCO2 was compared with the shipboard pCO2
NERSC Calculations Provide Independent Confirmation of Global...
Calculations Provide Independent Confirmation of Global Land Warming Since 1901 NERSC Calculations Provide Independent Confirmation of Global Land Warming Since 1901 September 9,...
Horizontal stirring in the global ocean
Horizontal mixing and the distribution of coherent structures in the global ocean are analyzed using Finite-Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE), computed for the surface velocity field derived from the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES). FSLEs measure horizontal stirring and dispersion; additionally, the transport barriers which organize the oceanic flow can roughly be identified with the ridges of the FSLE field. We have performed a detailed statistical study, particularizing for the behaviour of the two hemispheres and different ocean basins. The computed Probability Distributions Functions (PDFs) of FSLE are broad and asymmetric. Horizontal mixing is generally more active in the northern hemisphere than in the southern one. Nevertheless the Southern Ocean is the most active ocean, and the Pacific the less active one. A striking result is that the main currents can be classified in two 'activity classes': Western Boundary Currents, which have broad PDFs with large FSLE values, and Eas...
Hern�ndez-Carrasco, I; Hern�ndez-Garc�a, E; Turiel, A
Impact of Geoengineering Schemes on the Global Hydrological Cycle
The rapidly rising CO{sub 2} level in the atmosphere has led to proposals of climate stabilization via 'Geoengineering' schemes that would mitigate climate change by intentionally reducing the solar radiation incident on earth's surface. In this paper, we address the impact of these climate stabilization schemes on the global hydrological cycle, using equilibrium simulations from an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a slab ocean model. We show that insolation reductions sufficient to offset global-scale temperature increases lead to a decrease in the intensity of the global hydrologic cycle. This occurs because solar forcing is more effective in driving changes in global mean evaporation than is CO{sub 2} forcing of a similar magnitude. In the model used here, the hydrologic sensitivity, defined as the percentage change in global mean precipitation per degree warming, is 2.4% for solar forcing, but only 1.5% for CO{sub 2} forcing. Although other models and the climate system itself may differ quantitatively from this result, the conclusion can be understood based on simple considerations of the surface energy budget and thus is likely to be robust. Compared to changing temperature by altering greenhouse gas concentrations, changing temperature by varying insolation results in larger changes in net radiative fluxes at the surface; these are compensated by larger changes in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Hence the hydrological cycle is more sensitive to temperature adjustment via changes in insolation than changes in greenhouse gases. This implies that an alteration in solar forcing might offset temperature changes or hydrological changes from greenhouse warming, but could not cancel both at once.
Bala, G; Duffy, P; Taylor, K
Stratigraphic and tectonic framework of a new petroleum province in Romania: North Dobrogea - Adjoining Black Sea continental shelf
The authors paper provides the first publicly available synthesis of the geologic data resulting from integrated analyses of multichannel-seismic profiles and boreholes, achieved during more than 15 years of petroleum exploration in the Romanian Black Sea continental shelf overlying the eastward extension of the Alpine North Dobrogean fold belt, where a new petroleum province is being developed. A formally established lithostratigraphic sequence is introduced for the super-Triassic Mesozoic and lower Cenozoic rocks drilled in the studied area. Chronostratigraphic, seismostratigraphic, and paleoenvironmental interpretations are included. A tentative interpretation relating the depositional record in this area to the eustatic sea level history and global depositional cycles is attempted. The major building events of this segment of the Romanian Black Sea continental shelf, where different tectonic styles were superimposed, are closely linked to the geological history of both the Alpine North Dobrogean foldbelt and the Black Sea basin. Considerations about hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir beds in the analyzed area, together with an assessment of future potential, will also be included.
Gradinaru, E.; Corneliu, D.; Dragastan, O. (Univ. of Bucharest (Romania)); Lutac, D. (Petromar Co., Bucharest (Romania))
Mixing between oxic and anoxic waters of the Black Sea as traced by Chernobyl cesium isotopes. (Reannouncement with new availability information). Technical report
The Chernobyl nuclear power station accident in 1986 released readily measureable quantities of fallout 134 Cs and 137 Cs to Black Sea surface waters. This pulse-like input of tracers can be used to follow the physical mixing of the surface oxic waters, now labeled with the Chernobyl tracers, and the deeper anoxic waters, which were initially Chernobyl free. By 1988, there is clear evidence of Chernobyl Cs penetration below the oxic/anoxic interface at deep water stations in the western and eastern basins of the Black Sea. This rapid penetration of surface waters across the pycnocline cannot be explained by vertical mixing processes alone. Data from profiles at the mouth of the Bosporus suggest that significant ventilation of intermediate depths can occur as the outflowing Black Sea waters are entrained with the inflowing Mediterranean waters. forming a sub-surface water mass which is recognized by its surface water characteristics, i.e. initially a relatively high oxygen content and Chernobyl Cs signal. The lateral propagation of this signal along isopycnals into the basin interior would provide a rapid and effective mechanism for ventilating intermediate depths of the Black Sea. This process could also account for the lateral injection of resuspended margin sediments into the basin interior. The temperature and salinity data suggest that the entrainment process occurs at depths of 50-80 m, mixing waters from the Cold Intermediate Layer with the incoming, denser Mediterranean waters.
Buesseler, K.O.; Livingston, H.D.; Casso, S.A.
Steriod dynamics in immature sea turtles
to Differential Salinities METHODS AND MATERIALS 6 7 10 12 Sex Determination in Immature Kemp's Ridley Turtles SeaArama Seaquarium Testosterone RIA Imprinting and Stress in Hatchling Loggerheads Corticosterone RIA Salt Gland Response to Differential... fractionation and disc gel electrophoresis were some of the techniques used to identify the presence of lu- teinizing hormone in C. midas (Licht et al. , 1976). The de- velopment and widespread useage of radioimmunoassay (RIA) has permitted the extension...
Morris, Yuki A
Case Study #1 "The Global Warming Debate"
CHEM 001A Case Study #1 "The Global Warming Debate" Global warming is one of the most contentious issues of our time. There is an ongoing debate about whether global warming is caused by human activity.S., and because the scientific evidence used to determine if global warming is man-made is so difficult
Reed, Christopher A.
PRINT ONLY: GLOBAL WARMING Alexeev V. A.
PRINT ONLY: GLOBAL WARMING Alexeev V. A. Global Warming: 0.6°C or Less? [#1035] The peculiarities of global warming on the Earth during the last century are discussed. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007) full818.pdf #12;GLOBAL WARMING: 0.6 OR LESS? V.A.Alexeev; Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry
Rathbun, Julie A.
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