text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Monochromator Crystal Glitch Library
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
SSRL's Monochromator Crystal Glitch Library allows users to view glitch spectra online, list specific crystal orientations, and download PDF files of the glitch spectra. (Specialized Interface)
Pulsed-neutron monochromator
DOE Patents [OSTI]
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The waves are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, H.A. Jr.
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The wave are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, Jr., Herbert A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Finite element analysis of the distortion of a crystal monochromator from synchrotron radiation thermal loading
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The first crystal of the Brown-Hower x-ray monochromator of the LBL-EXXON 54 pole wiggler beamline at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) is subjected to intense synchrotron radiation. To provide an accurate thermal/structural analysis of the existing monochromator design, a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed. A very high and extremely localized heat flux is incident on the Si (220) crystal. The crystal, which possesses pronouncedly temperature-dependent orthotropic properties, in combination with the localized heat load, make the analysis ideally suited for finite element techniques. Characterization of the incident synchrotron radiation is discussed, followed by a review of the techniques employed in modeling the monochromator and its thermal/structural boundary conditions. The results of the finite element analysis, three-dimensional temperature distributions, surface displacements and slopes, and stresses, in the area of interest, are presented. Lastly, the effects these results have on monochromator output flux and resolution are examined.
Edwards, W.R.; Hoyer, E.H.; Thompson, A.C.
Inclined monochromator for high heat-load synchrotron x-ray radiation
A double crystal monochromator is described including two identical, parallel crystals, each of which is cut such that the normal to the diffraction planes of interest makes an angle less than 90 degrees with the surface normal. Diffraction is symmetric, regardless of whether the crystals are symmetrically or asymmetrically cut, enabling operation of the monochromator with a fixed plane of diffraction. As a result of the inclination of the crystal surface, an incident beam has a footprint area which is elongated both vertically and horizontally when compared to that of the conventional monochromator, reducing the heat flux of the incident beam and enabling more efficient surface cooling. Because after inclination of the crystal only a fraction of thermal distortion lies in the diffraction plane, slope errors and the resultant misorientation of the diffracted beam are reduced. 11 figures.
Khounsary, A.M.
A dynamic focusing x-ray monochromator for a wiggler beam line at the SRS of the SERC Daresbury Laboratory
A Si(220) double-crystal monochromator for the energy range 10--30 keV is presented. It will be used for EXAFS as well as powder diffraction measurements. To determine the requirements for this monochromator we looked, apart from mean considerations, at the requirements dictated by EXAFS in transmission mode. For good data analyses the proper shape, amplitude, and location at the energy axis of each wiggle is required. Moreover it is essential to separate the wiggles from background and noise. For the latter a high flux through the sample is desirable, which can be achieved by horizontal focusing of the beam. For that we have chosen to bend the second crystal sagitally. The sagittal bending radius is adjustable between 50 and 0.8 m, because for different energies different sagittal radii are necessary to focus the beam on the sample. The mean meridional radius of the second crystal is fixed at 130 m, which is an optimization for 20 keV. The meridional radius of the first crystal can be tuned between 100 and 500 m. When this radius is set to 130 m the energy resolution is calculated to be 6, 3, and 35 eV for 10, 20, and 30 keV (for perfectly bent crystals). By changing the meridional radius of the first crystal, future users of this monochromator can make the trade off between resolution and intensity. Movement of the monochromator exit beam, during a scan, will occur due to the monochromator geometry, but is reduced as much as possible by using an asymmetrically cut second crystal, with an asymmetry angle of 2.5{degree}. The average exit beam movement of the monochromator for a 1-keV scan is 20 {mu}m. For 40% of the energy range (10--30 keV) the exit beam position remains within 10 {mu}m. For the second crystal no translation stage is used.
De Bruijn, D.; Van Zuylen, P. (TNO Institute of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft (Netherlands)); Kruizinga, G. (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), P.O. Box 93138, 2509 AC Den Haag (Netherlands) State University of Utrecht, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3508 TB Utrecht (Netherlands))
High energy resolution, high angular acceptance crystal monochromator
A 4-bounce dispersive crystal monochromator reduces the bandpass of synchrotron radiation to a 10-50 meV range without sacrificing angular acceptance. The monochromator includes the combination of an asymmetrical channel-cut single crystal of lower order reflection and a symmetrical channel-cut single crystal of higher order reflection in a nested geometric configuration. In the disclosed embodiment, a highly asymmetrically cut (.alpha.=20) outer silicon crystal (4 2 2) with low order reflection is combined with a symmetrically cut inner silicon crystal (10 6 4) with high order reflection to condition a hard x-ray component (5-30 keV) of synchrotron radiation down to the .mu.eV-neV level. Each of the crystals is coupled to the combination of a positioning inchworm and angle encoder via a respective rotation stage for accurate relative positioning of the crystals and precise energy tuning of the monochromator.
Alp, Ercan E. (Bolingbrook, IL); Mooney, Timothy M. (Westmont, IL); Toellner, Thomas (Green Bay, WI)
Optical system for high resolution spectrometer/monochromator
An optical system for use in a spectrometer or monochromator employing a mirror which reflects electromagnetic radiation from a source to converge with same in a plane is disclosed. A straight grooved, varied-spaced diffraction grating receives the converging electromagnetic radiation from the mirror and produces a spectral image for capture by a detector, target or like receiver. 11 figs.
Hettrick, M.C.; Underwood, J.H.
Two-axis sagittal focusing monochromator
An x-ray focusing device and method for adjustably focusing x-rays in two orthogonal directions simultaneously. The device and method can be operated remotely using two pairs of orthogonal benders mounted on a rigid, open frame such that x-rays may pass through the opening in the frame. The added x-ray flux allows significantly higher brightness from the same x-ray source.
Haas, Edwin G; Stelmach, Christopher; Zhong, Zhong
Multilayers and Crystal for a Multi-bandpass Monochromator
VESPERS beamline is a hard X-ray microprobe beamline dedicated to micro-diffraction and micro-fluorescence analysis at the Canadian Light Source; it requires multi-bandpass X-ray beams for different types of samples and experiments. A specially designed double crystal/multilayer monochromator was built for this purpose with three different bandpasses: 0.01%, 1.6% and 10%. The diffraction elements used for the monochromator have a triple-stripe design using Si(111) crystal as a single substrate with two differing stripes of Mo/B4C multilayers deposited thereon. The uncovered Si(111) section provides a 0.01% bandpass, while the periodic and depth-graded Mo/B4C multilayers provide 1.6% and 10% bandpasses, respectively. This paper outlines the requirements and specifications of the diffracting elements as well as the design, deposition and optimization of the multilayers. The performance of the deposited multilayer structures has been tested using Cu-Ka radiation line with a Huber diffractometer.
Feng, Renfei [Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada; Platonov, Yuriy [Rigaku Innovative Technologies, Inc., Auburn Hills, Michigan; Broadway, David [Rigaku Innovative Technologies, Inc., Auburn Hills, Michigan; Ice, Gene E [ORNL; Gerson, Andrea [University of South Australia; McIntyre, Stewart [University of Western Ontario, The
Performance of a beam-multiplexing diamond crystal monochromator at the Linac Coherent Light Source
A double-crystal diamond monochromator was recently implemented at the Linac Coherent Light Source. It enables splitting pulses generated by the free electron laser in the hard x-ray regime and thus allows the simultaneous operations of two instruments. Both monochromator crystals are High-Pressure High-Temperature grown type-IIa diamond crystal plates with the (111) orientation. The first crystal has a thickness of ?100 ?m to allow high reflectivity within the Bragg bandwidth and good transmission for the other wavelengths for downstream use. The second crystal is about 300 ?m thick and makes the exit beam of the monochromator parallel to the incoming beam with an offset of 600 mm. Here we present details on the monochromator design and its performance.
Zhu, Diling, E-mail: email@example.com; Feng, Yiping; Lemke, Henrik T.; Fritz, David M.; Chollet, Matthieu; Glownia, J. M.; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Sikorski, Marcin; Song, Sanghoon; Williams, Garth J.; Messerschmidt, Marc; Boutet, S�bastien; Robert, Aymeric [Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); Stoupin, Stanislav; Shvyd'ko, Yuri V. [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439 (United States); Terentyev, Sergey A.; Blank, Vladimir D. [Technological Institute of Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Tsentralnaya str. 7a, Troitsk, Moscow 142190 (Russian Federation); Driel, Tim B. van [Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); Center for Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby (Denmark)
Copyright 2004, 2005 WiMAX Forum "WiMAX ForumTM" and "WiMAX Forum CERTIFIEDTM" are
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Copyright 2004, 2005 WiMAX Forum "WiMAX ForumTM" and "WiMAX Forum CERTIFIEDTM" are registered trademarks of the WiMAX ForumTM. * All trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. WiMAX Forum Internal Use Only WiMAX System Modeling Methodology Raj Jain Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Jain, Raj
ComputerScience,TexasA&MUniversity JetMax: Scalable Max-Min
1 ComputerScience,TexasA&MUniversity JetMax: Scalable Max-Min Congestion Control for High- Speed Heterogeneous Networks JetMax: Scalable MaxJetMax: Scalable Max--MinMin Congestion Control for High congestion control and its designed properties · Analysis of existing max-min methods XCP, MKC, and MKC
Loguinov, Dmitri
QwMaxSat: A Weighted Partial MaxSAT Solver
#12; Koshimura, M., Zhang, T., Fujita, H., & Hasegawa, R. (2012). QMaxSAT: A Partial Max-SAT SolverQwMaxSat: A Weighted Partial MaxSAT Solver 2013725 C304 ERATO #12;Problem Solving with MaxSAT 2 Original Problem MaxSAT Problem MaxSAT Model Max
Banbara, Mutsunori
Summary Max Total Units
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy Strain Rate4 Recovery Act/BuySummary Max Total Units *If All
Improved Approximations for Max Set Splitting and Max NAE SAT
Improved Approximations for Max Set Splitting and Max NAE SAT #3; Jiawei Zhang and Yinyu Ye y Nanjing, 210093, P.R.China August 16, 2000, Revised January 22, 2001. #3; This research was supported Fudan University, Shanghai, R.R.China. z This work was done while the author was visiting Computational
Ye, Yinyu
Max-Planck-Institut fr molekulare Genetik
R K F L #12;Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik EBSV06 The Model Variables #12;MaxMax-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik EBSV06 Martin Vingron Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare;Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik EBSV06 Amino Acid Replacement #12;Max-Planck-Institut für
Spang, Rainer
Component/OEM XC-HR50 High Frame Rate Monochrome Camera
Monochrome Camera B/W Progressive Scan Cameras #12;These new cameras expand the range of products in Sony's progressive scan and high-frame rate, compact camera line up! Introducing the newest additions to Sony's B/sec. for compatibility with slower vision systems using Sony XC-55 cameras. The XC-HR50 and XC-HR70 cameras incorporate
Demoulin, Pascal
Crystal Structure of the Minimalist Max-E47 Protein Faraz Ahmadpour1
Crystal Structure of the Minimalist Max-E47 Protein Chimera Faraz Ahmadpour1 , Rodolfo Ghirlando2, Canada Abstract Max-E47 is a protein chimera generated from the fusion of the DNA-binding basic region of Max and the dimerization region of E47, both members of the basic region/helix-loop-helix (b
Guarne, Alba
Min-max and min-max regret versions of some combinatorial optimization problems : a survey
of such events. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on the min-max and min-max rMin-max and min-max regret versions of some combinatorial optimization problems : a survey Hassene Aissi , Cristina Bazgan , and Daniel Vanderpooten Résumé Les critères min-max et min-max regret sont
Boyer, Edmond
Subband coding of monochrome images over binary symmetric channels with error correction
for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1992 Major Subject: Electrical Engineering SUBBAND CODING OF MONOCHROME IMAGES OVER BINARY SYMMETRIC CHANNELS WITH ERROR CORRECTION A Thesis by DENISE M. SHEPPARD Approved as to style and content by: V.... State diagram analysis of error recovery . B. Codebook design C. Performance results . 16 18 23 29 42 48 V VI ERROR CORRECTION A. Algorithm B. Performance Results CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX A . APPENDIX B . 52 54 61 67 70...
Sheppard, Denise M
Cloud Security by Max Garvey
Cloud Security Survey by Max Garvey #12;Cloudy Cloud is Cloudy What is the cloud? On Demand Service Network access Resource pooling Elasticity of Resources Measured Service #12;Cloud Types/Variants Iaa Cloud Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud combination. Private cloud with overflow going to public cloud. #12
Tolmach, Andrew
Max-Planck-Institut fr Plasmaphysik
.15 is produced externally W R5 350 MJ 10 MJ1 MJ0.2 MJ Courtesy of Tim Hender, Culham #12;Max-Planck-Institut fürMax-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Wendelsteinstra�?e 1 with that of the stellarator." V.D. Shafranov, 1980 #12;Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik 2/36 The classical stellarator #12
Finitely presented groups 4 Max Neunhffer
under rotation and inversion and all r R are reduced. Max Neunhöffer (University of St Andrews.e.: pa, pb R for a, b ^X with a = b. Max Neunhöffer (University of St Andrews) Finitely presented is a piece, we have |p| r|. (|r| is the length in letters). Max Neunhöffer (University of St Andrews
Neunhöffer, Max
Cyclic jobshop problem and (max, +)-algebra August 29, 2011
-plus algebra and discrete event systems The (max, +) algebra is the set R - endowed with the max operator 3 / 29 #12;Max-plus algebra and discrete event systems The (max, +) algebra is the set R - endowedCyclic jobshop problem and (max, +)-algebra L. Houssin LAAS-CNRS August 29, 2011 L. Houssin Cyclic
Ingrand, François
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Max Tech and Beyond Design Competition
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Max Tech and Beyond Design Competition is an annual competition run by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) that challenges students to design...
Max-Planck-Institut fur Mathematik
Approach to Prediction and Deliberative Decision Making of Embodied Systems by Nihat Ay, and Keyan Zahedi Making of Embodied Systems Nihat Ay1,2 and Keyan Zahedi1 1 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics
, and Nihat Ay Preprint no.: 60 2013 #12;#12;Information-driven intrinsic motivation in reinforcement learning Keyan Zahedi1 , Georg Martius1 , and Nihat Ay1,2 1 Information Theory of Cognitive Systems, Max Planck
information by Nils Bertschinger, Johannes Rauh, Eckehard Olbrich, J¨urgen Jost, and Nihat Ay Preprint no1 , J¨urgen Jost1,2 , Nihat Ay1,2 1Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig
MaxPlanckInstitut fur Mathematik
of strongly interacting Markov chains by Nihat Ay and Thomas Wennekers Preprint no.: 107 2001 #12; #12; Dynamical Properties of Strongly Interacting Markov Chains Nihat Ay and Thomas Wennekers Max
and Approximation Errors of Restricted Boltzmann Machines by Guido Mont´ufar, Johannes Rauh, and Nihat Ay Preprint F. Montufar1 , Johannes Rauh1 , Nihat Ay1,2 1 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences
Max-Planck-Institut f ur Mathematik
stochastic interaction in directed acyclic networks (revised version: March 2002) by Nihat Ay Preprint no.: 54 2001 #12; #12; Locality of Global Stochastic Interaction in Directed Acyclic Networks Nihat Ay Max
Universal Approximation in Embodied Systems by Guido Mont´ufar, Nihat Ay, and Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi Preprint no Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences firstname.lastname@example.com Nihat Ay Max Planck Institute
on complexity and stochastic interaction by Nihat Ay Preprint no.: 95 2001 #12; #12; Information Geometry on Complexity and Stochastic Interaction Nihat Ay Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstr
Ravikumar, B.
Boolean Max-Co-Clones ANDREI A. BULATOV1
on a systematic study of max-co-clones. Intuitively, applying max-quantification to a re- lation R(x1, . . . , xn, y1, . . . , yk) results in the relation max(y1, . . . , yk)R(x1, . . . , xn, y1, . . . , ykBoolean Max-Co-Clones ANDREI A. BULATOV1 Simon Fraser University In our ISMVL 2012 paper we
Bulatov, Andrei
Boolean Max-Co-Clones Andrei A. Bulatov
on a systematic study of max-co-clones. Intuitively, applying max-quantification to a relation R(x1, . . . , xn, y1, . . . , yk) results in the relation max(y1, . . . , yk)R(x1, . . . , xn, y1, . . . , ykBoolean Max-Co-Clones Andrei A. Bulatov Abstract. In our ISMVL 2012 paper we introduced the notion
of linear algebra developed over the max- times semiring Rmax,�? which is the set of nonnegative numbers R-plus semiring Rmax,+ = (R {-}, = max, = +), developed over the set of real numbers R with adjoined element to Rmax,+ and Rmax,�?. Another well-known semiring is the max-min semiring Rmax,min = (R {-} {}, = max
Butkovic, Peter
Hardness of Max-2Lin and Max-3Lin over integers, reals, and large cyclic Ryan O'Donnell
systems of linear equations. Given a ring R, the Max-kLin(R) problem is defined as follows: An input, this easily implies the same hardness for Max--3Lin(Q) and Max--3Lin(R). In- deed, it shows a kind of "bicriHardness of Max-2Lin and Max-3Lin over integers, reals, and large cyclic groups Ryan O
O'Donnell, Ryan
On visualization scaling, subeigenvectors and Kleene stars in max algebra
and Kleene stars in max algebra #12;Max Algebra a, b R+ a + b, ab A, B Rm�?n + A + B, AB, . a b = max(a, b;(Ar )ij = max (i,j;r) (i, j; r)(A) (I A · · · An-1)ij = max(i.j,r) (i, j; r) : r = 0, . . . n - 1 A definite: (A) = 1 (I A · · · An-1)ij = max(i,j) (i, j) : r = 0, . . . , Hans Schneider based on joint
Schneider, Hans
High flux heat transfer in a target environment
High flux heat transfer in a target environment T. Davenne High Power Targets Group Rutherford Valid for: Consider turbulent heat transfer in a 1.5mm diameter pipe Dittus Boelter correlation Achenbach correlation for heat transfer in a packed bed of spheres Max power density for a sphere
McDonald, Kirk
-organization of complex robotic behaviors by Georg Martius, Ralf Der, and Nihat Ay Preprint no.: 15 2013 #12;#12;Information driven self-organization of complex robotic behaviors Georg Martius1, Ralf Der1, Nihat Ay1,2 1Max
of Conditional Probability Polytopes by Guido Mont´ufar, Johannes Rauh, and Nihat Ay Preprint no.: 87 2014 #12 , and Nihat Ay1,2,3 {montufar, jrauh, firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences
of Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Sensorimotor Control by Guido Mont´ufar, Nihat Ay, and Keyan for Sensorimotor Control Guido Mont´ufar1 , Nihat Ay1,2,3 , and Keyan Zahedi1 1 Max Planck Institute
of Information Inequalities by Nihat Ay, and Walter Wenzel Preprint no.: 16 2011 #12;#12;On Solution Sets of Information Inequalities Nihat Ay1,2 & Walter Wenzel1,3 {nay, email@example.com 1Max Planck Institute
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig A Note on Resistance of NPT 2013 #12;#12;A Note on Resistance of NPT to Mixture of Separable States Bobo Hua1 , Xiu-Hong Gao2 of the whole matrix. Hence the positivity of T1 is equivalent to the positivity of T2 . A quantum state
Neurton Damage and MAX Phase Ternary Compounds
The Demands of Gen IV nuclear power plants for long service life under neutron radiation at high temperature are severe. Advanced materials that would withstand high temperatures (up to 1000+ C) to high doses in a neutron field would be ideal for reactor internal structures and would add to the long service life and reliability of the reactors. The objective of this work is to investigate the resonse of a new class of machinable, conductive, layered, ternary transition metal carbides and nitrides - the so-called MAX phases - to low and moderate neutron dose levels.
Barsoum, Michael; Hoffman, Elizabeth; Sindelar, Robert; Garcua-Duaz, Brenda; Kohse, Gordon
Max Ambiental S A | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429Lacey,(MonasterLowellis aMaury County, Tennessee: Energy Resources JumpMaviMax
Fast flux locked loop
A flux locked loop for providing an electrical feedback signal, the flux locked loop employing radio-frequency components and technology to extend the flux modulation frequency and tracking loop bandwidth. The flux locked loop of the present invention has particularly useful application in read-out electronics for DC SQUID magnetic measurement systems, in which case the electrical signal output by the flux locked loop represents an unknown magnetic flux applied to the DC SQUID.
Ganther, Jr., Kenneth R. (Olathe, KS); Snapp, Lowell D. (Independence, MO)
Deciding Unambiguity and Sequentiality from a Finitely Ambiguous MaxPlus Automaton
with multiplicities in the maxplus semiring R max = (R # {-#},max, +). Roughly speaking, it is an automaton with two tapes: an input tape labelled by a finite alphabet #, and an output tape weighted in R max . The weightDeciding Unambiguity and Sequentiality from a Finitely Ambiguous MaxPlus Automaton Ines Klimann
Fondements et Applications, Université Paris 7
. The fuzzy min-max classi cation network constitutes a promisimg pattern recognition approach that is based. Experimental results us- ing the modi ed model on a di cult pattern recognition prob- lem establishes of the fuzzy min-max clas- si cation neural network on a pattern recognition problem that involves both
Blekas, Konstantinos
6 MaxPlanckForschung 4 | 09 PERSPEKTIVEN
", zu dem die Max- Planck-Gesellschaft und Siemens �ber 400 Wissenschaftler, Politiker und Manager m�sse. Siemens setze bereits ganz auf gr�ne Technologien, so Siemens-Chef Peter L�scher. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft und Siemens laden zum Future Dialogue Unter dem Titel ,,The Evolution of Me- dicine" fand vom 14. bis
Modcomp MAX IV System Processors reference guide
A user almost always faces a big problem when having to learn to use a new computer system. The information necessary to use the system is often scattered throughout many different manuals. The user also faces the problem of extracting the information really needed from each manual. Very few computer vendors supply a single Users Guide or even a manual to help the new user locate the necessary manuals. Modcomp is no exception to this, Modcomp MAX IV requires that the user be familiar with the system file usage which adds to the problem. At General Atomics there is an ever increasing need for new users to learn how to use the Modcomp computers. This paper was written to provide a condensed Users Reference Guide'' for Modcomp computer users. This manual should be of value not only to new users but any users that are not Modcomp computer systems experts. This Users Reference Guide'' is intended to provided the basic information for the use of the various Modcomp System Processors necessary to, create, compile, link-edit, and catalog a program. Only the information necessary to provide the user with a basic understanding of the Systems Processors is included. This document provides enough information for the majority of programmers to use the Modcomp computers without having to refer to any other manuals. A lot of emphasis has been placed on the file description and usage for each of the System Processors. This allows the user to understand how Modcomp MAX IV does things rather than just learning the system commands.
Cummings, J.
Pulse flux measuring device
A device for measuring particle flux comprises first and second photodiode detectors for receiving flux from a source and first and second outputs for producing first and second signals representing the flux incident to the detectors. The device is capable of reducing the first output signal by a portion of the second output signal, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the device. Devices in accordance with the invention may measure distinct components of flux from a single source or fluxes from several sources.
Riggan, William C. (Albuquerque, NM)
Photovoltaic roof heat flux
designs (relatively) Photovoltaic Solar P a n e l AtmosphereCALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Photovoltaic Roof Heat Flux A ThesisABSTRACT OF T H E THESIS Photovoltaic Roof Heat Flux by
Samady, Mezhgan Frishta
Princeton, Max Planck Society launch new research center for...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Planck Society President Peter Gruss, and Consul General of the Federal Republic of Germany in New York Busso von Alvensleben meet to sign an agreement launching the new Max...
(G) ! R+ , the maximum directed cut problem (max dicut) is that of #12;nding a directed cut �?A 0.5-APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM FOR MAX DICUT WITH GIVEN SIZES OF PARTS ALEXANDER AGEEV #3; , REFAEL(X) with maximum total weight. In this paper we consider a version of max dicut|max dicut with given sizes of parts
Ageev, Alexandr
New Bounds for MAX-SAT by Clause Learning Alexander S. Kulikov
New Bounds for MAX-SAT by Clause Learning Alexander S. Kulikov Konstantin Kutzkov May 3, 2009 c MAX-SAT for formulas with constant clause density; · 2K/6 , where K is the number of clauses, for MAX-2-SAT; · 2N/6.7 for (n, 3)-MAX-2-SAT. All
A New Approach to Proving Upper Bounds for MAX-2-SAT Arist Kojevnikov
A New Approach to Proving Upper Bounds for MAX-2-SAT Arist Kojevnikov Alexander S. Kulikov problem (MAX-2-SAT). We present a new 2K/5.5 -time algorithm for MAX-2-SAT, where K is the number formula, for a particular case of MAX-2-SAT, where each variable appears in at most three 2-clauses
On the integer max-linear programming problem Peter Butkovic1,
and the integer max-linear programming problem. In max-algebra, for a, b R = R {-}, we define a b = max(a, b to Elsevier July 22, 2013 #12;A two-sided max-linear system (TSS) is of the form Ax c = Bx d where A, B R m time, and give a method in this case. If f R n , then the function f(x) = fT x is called max
AND GREGORY B. SORKIN Abstract. The class Max (r, 2)-CSP (or simply Max 2-CSP) consists of constraint(rm/5) for r- valued problems), making it the fastest for Max Cut, and tied (at the time) for Max 2-Sat(·) notation, which ignores leading polynomial factors, is defined in Section 2.1.) For Max 2-CSP we give an O(r
Scott, Alexander Alexander
Eigenvalues And Eigenvectors In The Max-Plus Algebra
The max-plus algebra defined in the set ! [ f\\Gamma1g is an algebra with two binary operations \\Phi and\\Omega where a \\Phi b is the maximum of a and b, and a\\Omega b is the sum of a and b. These operations form a monoid-field (there is no inverse under \\Phi). This paper implements algorithms for solving linear systems and computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors including the first known polynomial-time algorithm for finding eigenvalues of matrices in the max-plus algebra. Analogs to the characteristic equation and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem are presented. This abstract accurately represents the content of the candidate's thesis. I recommend its publication. Signed David C. Fisher iii Contents 1 The Max-Plus Algebra 1 1.1 Matrix Multiplication in (! max ) n\\Thetan : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 1.2 An Application : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5 2 Systems of Linear Equations in (! max ) n 8 2.1 Solving Ax \\Phi b = Cx \\Phi d : : : : : : : : : : : ...
By Misoo; Misoo Chung; William E. Cherowitzo; David C. Fisher; David C. Fisher
Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes
Starting with an historical review, I summarize the status of calculations of the flux of atmospheric neutrinos and how they compare to measurements.
Thomas K. Gaisser
Sagittal focusing Laue monochromator
An x-ray focusing device generally includes a slide pivotable about a pivot point defined at a forward end thereof, a rail unit fixed with respect to the pivotable slide, a forward crystal for focusing x-rays disposed at the forward end of the pivotable slide and a rearward crystal for focusing x-rays movably coupled to the pivotable slide and the fixed rail unit at a distance rearward from the forward crystal. The forward and rearward crystals define reciprocal angles of incidence with respect to the pivot point, wherein pivoting of the slide about the pivot point changes the incidence angles of the forward and rearward crystals while simultaneously changing the distance between the forward and rearward crystals.
Zhong; Zhong (Stony Brook, NY), Hanson; Jonathan (Wading River, NY), Hastings; Jerome (Stanford, CA), Kao; Chi-Chang (Setauket, NY), Lenhard; Anthony (Medford, NY), Siddons; David Peter (Cutchogue, NY), Zhong; Hui (Coram, NY)
Estimation of reactive fluxes in gradient stochastic systems using an analogy with electric circuits
Highlights: �The MaxFlux functional should be called the resistivity functional. �A Hamilton�Jacobi approach for computing transition paths in collective variables. �Conversion of the network of reactive channels into an electric circuit. �Test on the Alanine-Dipeptide. Perfect agreement. �Application to the problem of CO escape from Myoglobin. -- Abstract: We propose an approach for finding dominant reactive channels and calculating percentages of reactive flux through each channel in chemical systems driven by a deterministic potential force and a small thermal noise. We assume that the temperature is low enough so that the reactive flux focuses around a finite number of paths connecting the reactant and the product states. These paths can be found in a systematic way by solving a Hamilton�Jacobi equation for the so called MaxFlux functional. We argue that the name �MaxFlux� is misleading: it should be called the resistivity functional instead. Once the network of transition paths is found, one can define an equivalent electric circuit and find the currents through each of its wires. These currents give estimates of the reactive flux along the corresponding transition paths. We test our approach on the problem of finding transition paths in the Alanine-Dipeptide with two dihedral angles where the reactive current can be computed exactly. The percentages of the reactive flux through each reactive channel given by our approach turn out to be in remarkable agreement with the exact ones. We apply this approach to the problem of finding escape paths of a CO molecule from a Myoglobin protein. We find a collection of exit locations and establish percentages of the reactive flux through each of them.
Cameron, M.K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Iain S. Walker1 and Max H. Sherman1
LBNL 50189 1 Iain S. Walker1 and Max H. Sherman1 Sealant Longevity for Residential Ducts Reference by LBNL is being used as a basis for an ASTM Standard under sub-committee E6.41. LBNL tests found sealants. LBNL has also tested advanced tape products being developed by major manufacturers. The results
SINGLE-ZONE STACK-DOMINATED INFILTRATION MODELING Max Sherman
SINGLE-ZONE STACK-DOMINATED INFILTRATION MODELING Max Sherman Energy Performance of Buildings Group Energy, Office of Buildings and Community Systems Building Systems Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. #12;2 NOMENCLATURE Neutral level [-]s ELA Effective leakage
Structured Region Graphs: Morphing EP into GBP Max Welling
Structured Region Graphs: Morphing EP into GBP Max Welling Dept. of Computer Science UC email@example.com Abstract GBP and EP are two successful algo rithms for approximate probabilistic infer ence, which on these structures allow conversion between EP and GBP free ener gies. Thus it is revealed that all EP ap
Welling, Max
Structured Region Graphs: Morphing EP into GBP Max Welling Dept. of Computer Science UC email@example.com Abstract GBP and EP are two successful algo- rithms for approximate probabilistic infer- ence, which on these structures allow conversion between EP and GBP free ener- gies. Thus it is revealed that all EP ap
Water Quality for Livestock Max Irsik DVM, MAB
Water Quality for Livestock Max Irsik DVM, MAB Beef Cattle Extension Veterinarian University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Water is an essential nutrient for humans and livestock and drinking water is the primary source of water for most cattle. The most important aspect of water
Watson, Craig A.
Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science
Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science Pressand features are hardly noticeable when the whole face is inverted (rotated 180�), but strikingly grotesque are still important. "Although we look at the eyes first our neural functions still grasp the whole picture
Curriculum Vitae Arne Max Erich Winguth, Ph.D.
in an earth system model", two months summer salary, 2005. [9] Visiting Scientist, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany, "Development of marine carbon cycle in an earth system model", two months summer salary of marine carbon cycle in an earth system model", two months summer salary, 2003. [12] University
Winguth, Arne
DOE FY10_Svc_Cont_Inv 122910 v2 MAX.xlsx | Department of Energy
Energy Savers [EERE]
MAX.xlsx DOE FY10SvcContInv 122910 v2 MAX.xlsx More Documents & Publications Service Contract Inventory ClassWaiverWC-1982-001-FormerlyWA-1982-017.pdf...
Performance and application of a double-crystal monochromator in the energy region 800 less than or equal to h. nu. less than or equal to 4500 eV
The performance and application of an ultra-high-vacuum compatible constant-deviation double-crystal monochromator (JUMBO) in operation at SSRL is demonstrated. The monochromator can be operated with any of four pairs of crystals interchangeable in situ. An electronic-maximum-search feedback loop optimizes the intensity of the spatially fixed outgoing beam as the photon energy is scanned. The monochromatic beam is focussed (approx. 1.5 mm x 5 mm) onto the sample by a toroidal mirror. Monochromator crystals of beryl(10 anti 10), InSb(111) and Ge(111) have been tested in the energy regions 800 to 1540 eV, 1690 to 4000 eV and 1930 to 4500 eV, respectively. The performance of these crystals with regard to the resolution, the intensity, the level of scattered light, and the contribution of higher orders have been determined. Various effects arising from a radiation-induced temperature gradient in the monochromator crystals are discussed.
Hussain, Z.; Umbach, E.; Shirley, D.A.; Stoehr, V.; Feldhaus, J.
Participants EWASS 2012 Symposium 2 Albertsson, T., Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie
Occhiogrosso, A., University College London Parise, B., Max-Planck-Institut f�ur Radioastronomie 1 #12;Pilbratt
Hinton, Jim
Determining Reactor Neutrino Flux
Flux is an important source of uncertainties for a reactor neutrino experiment. It is determined from thermal power measurements, reactor core simulation, and knowledge of neutrino spectra of fuel isotopes. Past reactor neutrino experiments have determined the flux to (2-3)% precision. Precision measurements of mixing angle $\\theta_{13}$ by reactor neutrino experiments in the coming years will use near-far detector configurations. Most uncertainties from reactor will be canceled out. Understanding of the correlation of uncertainties is required for $\\theta_{13}$ experiments. Precise determination of reactor neutrino flux will also improve the sensitivity of the non-proliferation monitoring and future reactor experiments. We will discuss the flux calculation and recent progresses.
Jun Cao
Original Message Subject: [Cisprimary] [jobs] Max Planck Society seeks faculty in Autonomous
Original Message Subject: [Cisprimary] [jobs] Max Planck Society seeks faculty in firstname.lastname@example.com> > > Max Planck Society seeks faculty in Autonomous Systems at all levels > > The Max Planck Society is establishing a major new research direction > in "Autonomous Systems" to investigate and understand
Plotkin, Joshua B.
Sugar++: A SAT-Based MAX-CSP/COP Solver Tomoya Tanjo1
Sugar++: A SAT-Based MAX-CSP/COP Solver Tomoya Tanjo1 , Naoyuki Tamura2 , and Mutsunori Banbara2 1 describes some features of Sugar++, a SAT-based MAX- CSP/COP solver entering the Third International CSP Solver Competition. In our approach, a MAX-CSP is translated into a Constraint Optimization Problem (COP
An Approximation Algorithm for MAX DICUT with Given Sizes of Parts
function w : E(G) ! R+ , the maximum directed cut problem (max dicut) is that of #12;nding a directed cut �? weight function w : E(G) ! R+ , the maximum directed cut problem (max dicut) is that of #12;ndingAn Approximation Algorithm for MAX DICUT with Given Sizes of Parts Alexander Ageev #3; Sobolev
Sviridenko, Maxim
Modeling and Algorithm for DynamicModeling and Algorithm for Dynamic Multi-Objective Max-CSPsMulti-Objective Max-CSPs
_n is blow m. e.g. m=5 : No (3,3) / Yes (4,1) #12;Multi-Objective Max-CSP (Properties) For a cost vector RModeling and Algorithm for DynamicModeling and Algorithm for Dynamic Multi-Objective Max-CSPsMulti-Objective Max-CSPs Tenda Okimoto ¹², Tony Rebeiro ³, Maxime Clement and Katsumi Inoue ² ¹ Transdisciplinary
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory report LBNL-50634 Min-max Identities on Boundaries of
in their interiors, then min x bd(K) max f bd(L) f(x) = r0 = min f bd(L) max x bd(K) f(x) . (1) This identity (1) is given by max {r : rL K} = r0 = max {r : rK L } , (2) where K is the polar set of K. Finally, the pairs (x0, f0) R �? (Rn ) that solve both min-max problems in equation (1) have x0 r0 bd(L) bd
Theorem: L : Z List. ( p :{Z Z | let m, i = p in max_seg_sum(m; L) max_initseg_sum(i; L)}) L:Z List. (p:{Z Z| let m,i = p in max_seg_sum(m;L) max_initseg_sum(i;L)})
(u;u + p2) initseg_sum(r;[u; u1 / v]) )) 2 #12;Theorem: L : Z List. ( p :{Z �? Z | let m, i = p in maxTheorem: L : Z List. ( p :{Z �? Z | let m, i = p in max_seg_sum(m; L) max_initseg_sum(i; L)}) L:Z List. (p:{Z �? Z| let m,i = p in max_seg_sum(m;L) max_initseg_sum(i;L)}) | BY (D 0 THENA Auto) | 1. L
Solar Magnetic Flux Ropes
The most probable initial magnetic configuration of a CME is a flux rope consisting of twisted field lines which fill the whole volume of a dark coronal cavity. The flux ropes can be in stable equilibrium in the coronal magnetic field for weeks and even months, but suddenly they loose their stability and erupt with high speed. Their transition to the unstable phase depends on the parameters of the flux rope (i.e., total electric current, twist, mass loading etc.), as well as on the properties of the ambient coronal magnetic field. One of the major governing factors is the vertical gradient of the coronal magnetic field which is estimated as decay index (n). Cold dense prominence material can be collected in the lower parts of the helical flux tubes. Filaments are therefore good tracers of the flux ropes in the corona, which become visible long before the beginning of the eruption. The perspectives of the filament eruptions and following CMEs can be estimated by the comparison of observed filament heights with...
Filippov, Boris; Srivastava, Abhishek K; Uddin, Wahab
Elastic properties of superconducting MAX phases from first principles calculations
Using first-principles density functional calculations, a systematic study on the elastic properties for all known superconducting MAX phases (Nb2SC, Nb2SnC, Nb2AsC, Nb2InC, Mo2GaC and Ti2InC) was performed. As a result, the optimized lattice parameters, independent elastic constants, indicators of elastic anisotropy and brittle/ductile behavior as well as the so-called machinability indexis were calculated. We derived also bulk and shear moduli, Young's moduli, and Poisson's ratio for ideal polycrystalline MAX aggregates. The results obtained were discussed in comparison with available theoretical and experimental data and elastic parameters for other layered superconductors.
I. R. Shein; A. L. Ivanovskii
A New Approach to Computing Max Flows using Electrical Flows
A New Approach to Computing Max Flows using Electrical Flows Yin Tat Lee (MIT) Satish Rao (UC-Kelner-Madry-Spielman-Teng'11]: approximate flow in time Uses electrical flows. 7 #12;Electrical Flows 3 1 S t 8 #12;Electrical Flows Identify Graph with Resistor Network R(e)=1/w(e) 1/3 S t 1 9 #12;Electrical Flows Electrical flow
Rajamani, Sriram K.
Boundary value problems for nonlinear first-order ODEs -constructing generalised solutions via the max-plus algebra
the max-plus algebra RICAM Georg Regensburger Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Theory of Differential Equations Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 9 August, 2006 SFB F1322 #12;Max), is a (generalized) solution of (1) Then Max-plus linear combination (Min-plus) #12;Max-plus Interpolation Given
Eilbeck, Chris
Radiative Flux Analysis
The Radiative Flux Analysis is a technique for using surface broadband radiation measurements for detecting periods of clear (i.e. cloudless) skies, and using the detected clear-sky data to fit functions which are then used to produce continuous clear-sky estimates. The clear-sky estimates and measurements are then used in various ways to infer cloud macrophysical properties.
Long, Chuck [NOAA
Optical heat flux gauge
A heat flux gauge is disclosed comprising first and second thermographic phosphor layers separated by a layer of a thermal insulator, wherein each thermographic layer comprises a plurality of respective thermographic sensors in a juxtaposed relationship with respect to each other. The gauge may be mounted on a surface with the first thermographic phosphor in contact with the surface. A light source is directed at the gauge, causing the phosphors to luminesce. The luminescence produced by the phosphors is collected and its spectra analyzed in order to determine the heat flux on the surface. First and second phosphor layers must be different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. 9 figures.
Noel, B.W.; Borella, H.M.; Cates, M.R.; Turley, W.D.; MacArthur, C.D.; Cala, G.C.
MaxWest Environmental Systems | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth's Heat JumpIncMAKGalwayHydrothermal System,WindMaxWest Environmental Systems
Property:Incentive/WindResPercMax | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoadingPenobscot County,ContAddr2 Jump to: navigation,PVYears Jump to:TechDsc JumpWindResPercMax
anneau maxplus. Le r�??esultat principal est le suivant : on peut d�??ecider si une s�??erie reconnue par unDeciding Unambiguity and Sequentiality from a Finitely Ambiguous MaxPlus Automaton Ines Klimann with weights in the maxplus semiring are considered. The main result is: it is decidable whether a series
Reducible spectral theory with applications to the robustness of matrices in max algebra
.Butkoviµcy R.A.Cuninghame-Greenz S.Gaubertx July 25, 2008 Abstract Let a b = max(a; b) and a b = a + b for a; b 2 R := R [ f 1g. By max-algebra we understand the analogue of linear algebra developed for the pair: The max-algebraic eigenvalue-eigenvector problem is the following: Given A 2 R n n , ...nd all 2 R and x 2
CSR EXPANSIONS OF MATRIX POWERS IN MAX ALGEBRA SERGEi SERGEEV AND HANS SCHNEIDER
that for t 3n2, the powers At can be expanded in max-algebraic sums of terms of the form CStR, where C and R the max-times semiring Rmax,�? which is the set of nonnegative numbers R+ equipped with the operations-algebraic powers of nonnegative matrices, the main object of our study. The max-plus semiring Rmax,+ = (R
Non-linear programs with max-linear constraints: A heuristic approach
5, 2009 Abstract Let a b = max(a, b) and a b = a + b for a, b R and extend the pair of operations = max(a, b) and a b = a + b for a, b R and extend the pair of operations to matrices and vectors bkj = maxk(aik + bkj) for all i, j. Also, if R then A = ( aij). Max-algebra has been studied
Analysis of Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Conventional Diesel and Fischer--Tropsch Diesel Fuel Emissions Using Electron Monochromator-Mass Spectrometry
The presence of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in diesel fuel emissions has been studied for a number of years predominantly because of their contribution to the overall health and environmental risks associated with these emissions. Electron monochromator-mass spectrometry (EM-MS) is a highly selective and sensitive method for detection of NPAHs in complex matrixes, such as diesel emissions. Here, EM-MS was used to compare the levels of NPAHs in fuel emissions from conventional (petroleum) diesel, ultra-low sulfur/low-aromatic content diesel, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel, and conventional diesel/synthetic diesel blend. The largest quantities of NPAHs were detected in the conventional diesel fuel emissions, while the ultra-low sulfur diesel and synthetic diesel fuel demonstrated a more than 50% reduction of NPAH quantities when compared to the conventional diesel fuel emissions. The emissions from the blend of conventional diesel with 30% synthetic diesel fuel also demonstrated a more than 30% reduction of the NPAH content when compared to the conventional diesel fuel emissions. In addition, a correlation was made between the aromatic content of the different fuel types and NPAH quantities and between the nitrogen oxides emissions from the different fuel types and NPAH quantities. The EM-MS system demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of the NPAHs in the emissions with minimal sample cleanup required.
Havey, C. D.; McCormick, R. L.; Hayes, R. R.; Dane, A. J.; Voorhees, K. J.
MaxWeber,"ScienceasaVocation" 'WissenschaftalsBeruf,'fromGesammlteAufsaetzezurWissenschaftslehre(Tubingen,
MaxWeber,"ScienceasaVocation" 'Wissenschaftals a sort of moral right to expect some consideration. He also #12;Weber,"ScienceasVocation" 2
Goldreich, Oded
Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS maxBCG Cluster Catalog
We use the abundance and weak lensing mass measurements of the SDSS maxBCG cluster catalog to simultaneously constrain cosmology and the richness-mass relation of the clusters. Assuming a flat {Lambda}CDM cosmology, we find {sigma}{sub 8}({Omega}{sub m}/0.25){sup 0.41} = 0.832 {+-} 0.033 after marginalization over all systematics. In common with previous studies, our error budget is dominated by systematic uncertainties, the primary two being the absolute mass scale of the weak lensing masses of the maxBCG clusters, and uncertainty in the scatter of the richness-mass relation. Our constraints are fully consistent with the WMAP five-year data, and in a joint analysis we find {sigma}{sub 8} = 0.807 {+-} 0.020 and {Omega}{sub m} = 0.265 {+-} 0.016, an improvement of nearly a factor of two relative to WMAP5 alone. Our results are also in excellent agreement with and comparable in precision to the latest cosmological constraints from X-ray cluster abundances. The remarkable consistency among these results demonstrates that cluster abundance constraints are not only tight but also robust, and highlight the power of optically-selected cluster samples to produce precision constraints on cosmological parameters.
Rozo, Eduardo; /CCAPP; Wechsler, Risa H.; /KIPAC, Menlo Park /SLAC; Rykoff, Eli S.; /UC, Santa Barbara; Annis, James T.; /Fermilab; Becker, Matthew R.; /Chicago U. /KICP, Chicago; Evrard, August E.; /Michigan U. /Michigan U., MCTP; Frieman, Joshua A.; /Fermilab /KICP, Chicago /Chicago U.; Hansen, Sarah M.; /UC, Santa Cruz; Hao, Jia; /Michigan U.; Johnston, David E.; /Northwestern U.; Koester, Benjamin P.; /KICP, Chicago /Chicago U.; McKay, Timothy A.; /Michigan U. /Michigan U., MCTP; Sheldon, Erin S.; /Brookhaven; Weinberg, David H.; /CCAPP /Ohio State U.
HIGS Flux Performance Projection
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-SeriesFlickr FlickrGuided Self-Assembly of GoldHAWCHIGS flux performance table
Living and working in Germany A guide for international scientists at Max Planck Institutes
Living and working in Germany A guide for international scientists at Max Planck Institutes #12 and the hospitality in your town. You will quickly find that Germany is a country of many facets a country Planck Society is Germany's most successful scientific or- ganisation in basic research. Max Planck
The Max Planck Society At home in Germany -present throughout the world
1 The Max Planck Society At home in Germany - present throughout the world Internationalisation the Max Planck Society's role in safeguarding Germany's future Cooperation across national borders is one the internationalisation of science, both on its own behalf and also on behalf of Germany as a research location. To do
Efficient SIMD technique with parallel Max-Log-MAP Algorithm for Turbo Decoders
Efficient SIMD technique with parallel Max-Log-MAP Algorithm for Turbo Decoders David Gnaedig Turbo on a DSP a parallel Max-Log-MAP algorithm for turbo decoders. It consists in using SIMD instructions by the use of an adapted two-dimensional turbo code and its parallel interleaver structure. After a brief
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Max-min Fair Rate Allocation and Routing in Energy Harvesting Networks: Algorithmic Analysis
Max-min Fair Rate Allocation and Routing in Energy Harvesting Networks: Algorithmic Analysis Jelena@ee}.columbia.edu ABSTRACT This paper considers max-min fair rate allocation and rout- ing in energy harvesting networks energy profile and focus on the design of efficient and opti- mal algorithms that can serve as benchmarks
Hone, James
The use and misuse of Vc,max in Earth System Models Alistair Rogers
REVIEW The use and misuse of Vc,max in Earth System Models Alistair Rogers Received: 18 November Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2013 Abstract Earth System Models (ESMs) aim to project global change. Central Á Vc,max Á Leaf nitrogen Á Earth System Models Introduction The primary goal of Earth System Models
Ohta, Shigemi
Visualization in max algebra: An application of diagonal scaling of matrices.
Visualization in max algebra: An application of diagonal scaling of matrices. Hans Schneider Schneider with some results from joint work with Peter Butkovic and Sergei SergeevVisualization in max > 0 Definition path in G(A) i(0) i(1) · · · i(k) (i, j), ((i, j; r)) path from i to j (length r
An 0.5-Approximation Algorithm for MAX DICUT with Given Sizes of Parts
An 0.5-Approximation Algorithm for MAX DICUT with Given Sizes of Parts Alexander Ageev Refael Hassin Maxim Sviridenko Abstract Given a directed graph G and an edge weight function w : E(G) R+, the maximum directed cut problem (max dicut) is that of finding a directed cut (X) with maximum total weight
Atkinson, Katie
Journal de la Socit Franaise de Statistique Spatial extremes: Max-stable processes at work
and conditional simulation of max-stable processes. The paper ends with the modeling of extreme wind gustsSubmission Journal de la Société Française de Statistique Spatial extremes: Max-stable processes many developments to the functional extreme value theory have been made during the last decades
Ribatet, Mathieu
Physics of String Flux Compactifications
We provide a qualitative review of flux compactifications of string theory, focusing on broad physical implications and statistical methods of analysis.
Frederik Denef; Michael R. Douglas; Shamit Kachru
Fluxes, Gaugings and Gaugino Condensates
Based on the correspondence between the N = 1 superstring compactifications with fluxes and the N = 4 gauged supergravities, we study effective N = 1 four-dimensional supergravity potentials arising from fluxes and gaugino condensates in the framework of orbifold limits of (generalized) Calabi-Yau compactifications. We give examples in heterotic and type II orientifolds in which combined fluxes and condensates lead to vacua with small supersymmetry breaking scale. We clarify the respective roles of fluxes and condensates in supersymmetry breaking, and analyze the scaling properties of the gravitino mass.
J. -P. Derendinger; C. Kounnas; P. M. Petropoulos
Bringing ATLAS production to HPC resources - A use case with the Hydra supercomputer of the Max Planck Society
Bringing ATLAS production to HPC resources - A use case with the Hydra supercomputer of the Max Planck Society
Kluth, Stefan; The ATLAS collaboration; Mazzaferro, Luca; Walker, Rodney
Intracellular Measurements of Spatial Integration and the MAX Operation in Complex Cells of the Cat Primary Visual Cortex
Intracellular Measurements of Spatial Integration and the MAX Operation in Complex Cells of the Cat. Intracellular measurements of spatial integration and the MAX operation in complex cells of the cat primary by a maximum operation (MAX)-like computation, as suggested by Riesenhuber and Poggio's model of object
Riesenhuber, Maximilian
The Singular-Value Decomposition in the Extended Max Algebra* Bart De Schutter+ and Bart De Moor*
numbers and the extended max algebra to define the sing&r-value decomposition of a matrix in the extendedThe Singular-Value Decomposition in the Extended Max Algebra* Bart De Schutter+ and Bart De Moor ABSTRACT First we establish a connection between the field of the real numbers and the extended max algebra
High Heat Flux Components Program
Purpose is the development of the technologies necessary to design, build and operate high heat flux components such as actively cooled limiters, divertor collector plates, R.F. antennas, mirror end cells, mirror halo collectors, direct convertor collectors, and neutral beam dumps. These components require an integrated design that considers the plasma-materials interaction (PMI) issues, heat removal problems and materials issues (including possible low Z coatings and claddings). As a general definition, high heat flux components see heat fluxes ranging from 1 to 100 MW/m/sup 2/. Suitable materials include copper and copper alloys.
Whitley, J.B.
Keynote speakers Susan E. Trumbore -Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, Germany
Keynote speakers Susan E. Trumbore - Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, Germany http for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Germany http://www.arthur-gessler.de/ PhillippeTortell, University of British
Daniel, Rosenfeld
SpeeDP: A new algorithm to compute the SDP relaxations of Max ...
Oct 15, 2010 ... matrix A of a weighted graph G = (V,E), the Max-Cut problem calls for a ...... Further, in [21] the authors report a comparison of a matlab.
An Approximation Algorithm for Max-Min Fair Allocation of Indivisible Goods
Saberi Abstract In this paper, we give the first approximation algorithm for the problem of max-min fair 94305. Email:{asadpour,firstname.lastname@example.com. 1 #12;1 Introduction Fair division, also known as the cake
Saberi, Amin
The NanoMax-TSTM three-axis stage offers an unmatched combination of
555 Spacer Block to Raise Optical- Axis Height to 125-mm 17 AMA 554 ©2002 MELLES GRIOT MCE 1042 03 holes threaded M2 on 20 centers dimensions: millimeters 17 MAX 302 3-axis stage MELLES GRIOT
Kik, Pieter
Training the Recurrent neural network by the Fuzzy Min-Max algorithm for fault prediction
In this paper, we present a training technique of a Recurrent Radial Basis Function neural network for fault prediction. We use the Fuzzy Min-Max technique to initialize the k-center of the RRBF neural network. The k-means algorithm is then applied to calculate the centers that minimize the mean square error of the prediction task. The performances of the k-means algorithm are then boosted by the Fuzzy Min-Max technique.
Zemouri, Ryad [Laboratoire d'automatique, CNAM, 21 rue Pinel, 75013 Paris (France); Racoceanu, Daniel [IPAL, UMI CNRS 2955, UJF, I2R/A-STAR, NUS, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01 Connexis, 138632 Singapore (Singapore); Zerhouni, Noureddine [FEMTO-ST-UMR CNRS 6174, ENSMM, UFC, UTBM, 32 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 25044 Besancon (France); Minca, Eugenia [Faculty of Electric Engineering, Valahia University, Bd. Unirii, nr. 18, 0200, Targoviste (Romania); Filip, Florin [Romanian Academy, Calea Victoriei 125, Sct. 1, Bucuresti (Romania)
The Solar Wind Energy Flux
The solar-wind energy flux measured near the ecliptic is known to be independent of the solar-wind speed. Using plasma data from Helios, Ulysses, and Wind covering a large range of latitudes and time, we show that the solar-wind energy flux is independent of the solar-wind speed and latitude within 10%, and that this quantity varies weakly over the solar cycle. In other words the energy flux appears as a global solar constant. We also show that the very high speed solar-wind (VSW > 700 km/s) has the same mean energy flux as the slower wind (VSW < 700 km/s), but with a different histogram. We use this result to deduce a relation between the solar-wind speed and density, which formalizes the anti-correlation between these quantities.
Chat, G Le; Meyer-Vernet, N
High flux solar energy transformation
Disclosed are multi-stage systems for high flux transformation of solar energy allowing for uniform solar intensification by a factor of 60,000 suns or more. Preferred systems employ a focusing mirror as a primary concentrative device and a non-imaging concentrator as a secondary concentrative device with concentrative capacities of primary and secondary stages selected to provide for net solar flux intensification of greater than 2000 over 95 percent of the concentration area. Systems of the invention are readily applied as energy sources for laser pumping and in other photothermal energy utilization processes. 7 figures.
Winston, R.; Gleckman, P.L.; O'Gallagher, J.J.
Beta ray flux measuring device
A beta ray flux measuring device in an activated member in-core instrumentation system for pressurized water reactors. The device includes collector rings positioned about an axis in the reactor's pressure boundary. Activated members such as hydroballs are positioned within respective ones of the collector rings. A response characteristic such as the current from or charge on a collector ring indicates the beta ray flux from the corresponding hydroball and is therefore a measure of the relative nuclear power level in the region of the reactor core corresponding to the specific exposed hydroball within the collector ring.
Impink, Jr., Albert J. (Murrysville, PA); Goldstein, Norman P. (Murrysville, PA)
Disclosed are multi-stage systems for high flux transformation of solar energy allowing for uniform solar intensification by a factor of 60,000 suns or more. Preferred systems employ a focusing mirror as a primary concentrative device and a non-imaging concentrator as a secondary concentrative device with concentrative capacities of primary and secondary stages selected to provide for net solar flux intensification of greater than 2000 over 95 percent of the concentration area. Systems of the invention are readily applied as energy sources for laser pumping and in other photothermal energy utilization processes.
Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL); Gleckman, Philip L. (Chicago, IL); O'Gallagher, Joseph J. (Flossmoor, IL)
Using a MaxEnt Classifier for the Automatic Content Scoring of Free-Text Responses
Criticisms against multiple-choice item assessments in the USA have prompted researchers and organizations to move towards constructed-response (free-text) items. Constructed-response (CR) items pose many challenges to the education community - one of which is that they are expensive to score by humans. At the same time, there has been widespread movement towards computer-based assessment and hence, assessment organizations are competing to develop automatic content scoring engines for such items types - which we view as a textual entailment task. This paper describes how MaxEnt Modeling is used to help solve the task. MaxEnt has been used in many natural language tasks but this is the first application of the MaxEnt approach to textual entailment and automatic content scoring.
Sukkarieh, Jana Z. [Educational Testing Service, Rosedale Road, Princeton NJ 08541 (United States)
Superconducting flux flow digital circuits
A NOR/inverter logic gate circuit and a flip flop circuit implemented with superconducting flux flow transistors (SFFTs) are disclosed. Both circuits comprise two SFFTs with feedback lines. They have extremely low power dissipation, very high switching speeds, and the ability to interface between Josephson junction superconductor circuits and conventional microelectronics. 8 figs.
Hietala, V.M.; Martens, J.S.; Zipperian, T.E.
A NOR/inverter logic gate circuit and a flip flop circuit implemented with superconducting flux flow transistors (SFFTs). Both circuits comprise two SFFTs with feedback lines. They have extremely low power dissipation, very high switching speeds, and the ability to interface between Josephson junction superconductor circuits and conventional microelectronics.
Hietala, Vincent M. (Placitas, NM); Martens, Jon S. (Sunnyvale, CA); Zipperian, Thomas E. (Albuquerque, NM)
An Analysis of Fluxes by Duality
M-theory on K3xK3 with non-supersymmetry-breaking G-flux is dual to M-theory on a Calabi-Yau threefold times a 2-torus without flux. This allows for a thorough analysis of the effects of flux without relying on supergravity approximations. We discuss several dual pairs showing that the usual rules of G-flux compactifications work well in detail. We discuss how a transition can convert M2-branes into G-flux. We see how new effects can arise at short distances allowing fluxes to obstruct more moduli than one expects from the supergravity analysis.
Paul S. Aspinwall
Modeling Max-Min Fairness for Elastic Flows in Telecommunication Alain Dupuisa, Fabrice Guillemina and Philippe Robertb
r0 allocated to some other data ow r0 such that r0 r. Max-min fairness can be formulated in terms1 Modeling Max-Min Fairness for Elastic Flows in Telecommunication Networks Alain Dupuisa, Fabrice Guillemina and Philippe Robertb aFrance Telecom R&D, 2, Avenue Pierre Marzin, 22300 Lannion France b
Guillemin, Fabrice
Understanding the Link Between Bicyclists and Light Rail Survey Results from Bicycle Riders on MAX in Portland, Oregon
Understanding the Link Between Bicyclists and Light Rail Survey Results from Bicycle Riders on MAX Introduction 1 Portland Bicycle Master Plan, Section V 2 History of Bicycles on MAX 3 Benefits of the Bicycle is a bicycle friendly city. In 1995 and 1998, Bicycling Magazine named Portland the best city for bicycling
Bertini, Robert L.
Prediction of Protein Subcellular Multi-locations with a Min-Max Modular
-location problem. In addition, there are a large portion of proteins lack the information like GO and FunPrediction of Protein Subcellular Multi-locations with a Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machine subcellular multi-locations of proteins with machine learning techniques is a challenging problem
Lu, Bao-Liang
Special Publication 800-127 Guide to Securing WiMAX
Padgette of Booz Allen Hamilton. The authors would also like to thank the WiMAX Forum of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Cyrus Tibbs and Matthew Sexton of Booz Allen Hamilton, wish to thank their colleagues who reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its
Contribution aux CISG de Frdric Mougeot Centre Max Weber UMR 5283 firstname.lastname@example.com
travail infirmier en psychiatrie. R�sum� de l'article L'introduction des outils de gestion � l1 Contribution aux CISG de Fr�d�ric Mougeot � Centre Max Weber � UMR 5283 firstname.lastname@example.com * � quoi tient la mesure ? Engagement dans le travail et op�rations de codifications. Le cas du
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
CONDENSATION OF HOMOMORPHISM SPACES KLAUS LUX, MAX NEUNH¨OFFER, AND FELIX NOESKE Abstract. We present an efficient algorithm for the condensation of homo- morphism spaces. This provides an improvement is a special case of what has become known as "condensation". The precise connection is as follows: Let F
St Andrews, University of
AmbiMax: Autonomous Energy Harvesting Platform for Multi-Supply Wireless Sensor Nodes
of multiple energy harvesting sources including solar, wind, thermal, and vibration, each with a different as the operating lifetime. Unfortunately, Fig. 1. Photo of AmbiMax Hardware with a Solar Panel, Wind Generator power efficiently. As a result, they must use a much larger solar panel than necessary to yield the same
Chou, Pai H.
DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY AS EFFECTS OF QUANTUM GRAVITY Max I. Fomitchev1
DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY AS EFFECTS OF QUANTUM GRAVITY Max I. Fomitchev1 Submitted March 12th of high matter density expected in the early Universe I show that primordial inflation and dark energy (i , 2004 ABSTRACT I present a theory of quantum gravity based on the principle of gravitational energy
Giles, C. Lee
High Speed Max-Log-MAP Turbo SISO Decoder Implementation Using Branch Metric Normalization
High Speed Max-Log-MAP Turbo SISO Decoder Implementation Using Branch Metric Normalization J. email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The authors present a turbo soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder based. The turbo decoder with the proposed technique has been synthesized to evaluate its power consumption
Arslan, Tughrul
Virtual Test Tubes: A New Methodology for Computing Max Garzon, Evan Drumwright
with conventional solid-state based computers. Here, we explore an alter- native approach to exploiting and complexity, comparing it with the standard symbolic-based solid-state approach. It is becoming increasinglyVirtual Test Tubes: A New Methodology for Computing Max Garzon, Evan Drumwright Computer Science
Deaton, Russell J.
Bayesian Learning via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics Max Welling email@example.com
Bayesian Learning via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics Max Welling email@example.com D. Bren on iterative learning from small mini-batches. By adding the right amount of noise to a standard stochastic" and collects sam- ples after it has been surpassed. We apply the method to three models: a mixture of Gaussians
Kaski, Samuel
Defining Development Standards for Reusable User Interface Max Mulawa, Rich Picking and Vic Grout
for standard aware development. · Constraints on API of the component. · Documentation structure. · IntegrationDefining Development Standards for Reusable User Interface Components Max Mulawa, Rich Picking.NET user-interface components. This standard aims to assess the quality of implemented components
Grout, Vic
Queue-Length Proportional and Max-Min Fair Bandwidth Allocation for Best Effort Flows
and fairness principles. In this paper, we propose sequential and parallel algorithms to allocate bandwidth the max-min fairness principle, which maximizes bandwidth utilization and maintains fairness among flows. We first formulate the problem based on the allocation criterion and fairness principle. Then, we
Pan, Deng
Social science in forestry Paul Tabbush, Liz O'Brien, Max Hislop and Suzanne Martin
Social science in forestry Paul Tabbush, Liz O'Brien, Max Hislop and Suzanne Martin The Social on the idea that sustainable forestry, derived from the 1993 Helsinki Conference, is the result of economic development that is positive in its implications for the environment and for society (Forestry Commission
A Power-Law Formulation of Laminar Flow in Short Pipes Max Sherman
A Power-Law Formulation of Laminar Flow in Short Pipes Max Sherman Indoor Environment Program ABSTRACT This report develops a theoretical description of the hydrodynamic relationship based on a power pipes can be described with a simple power law dependence on pressure, but that the exponent
Copper: An Essential Micronutrient for Beef Cattle Max Irsik DVM, MAB
Copper: An Essential Micronutrient for Beef Cattle Max Irsik DVM, MAB Beef Cattle Extension Veterinarian University of Florid College of Veterinary Medicine Throughout the world copper deficiency limits of phosphorous, copper deficiency is the most sever mineral limitation to grazing livestock throughout extensive
HEAT RECOVERY IN BUILDING ENVELOPES Max H. Sherman and Iain S. Walker
1 LBNL 47329 HEAT RECOVERY IN BUILDING ENVELOPES Max H. Sherman and Iain S. Walker Energy formula may produce an unreasonably high contribution because of heat recovery within the building physical model has been developed and used to predict the infiltration heat recovery based on the Peclet
Large-Scale Patent Classification with Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machines
Large-Scale Patent Classification with Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machines Xiao-Lei Chu, Chao Ma, Jing Li, Bao-Liang Lu Senior Member, IEEE, Masao Utiyama, and Hitoshi Isahara Abstract-- Patent-world patent classification typically exceeds one million, and this number increases every year. An effective
An Object-Oriented Method for ASCET Max Fuchs and Dieter Nazareth
98MF19 BMW-ROOM An Object-Oriented Method for ASCET Max Fuchs and Dieter Nazareth BMW AG, 80788 Munich Maximilian.Fuchs,firstname.lastname@example.com Dirk Daniel and Bernhard Rumpe Department of Computer kitchen without a cooking book. Plans to employ the tool for BMW vehicle software sparked off demand
Extremal shot noises, heavy tails and max-stable random fields.
Extremal shot noises, heavy tails and max-stable random fields. Cl´ement Dombry May 31, 2010 Abstract We consider the extremal shot noise defined by M(y) = sup{mh(y - x); (x, m) }, where. Extremal shot noises naturally appear in extreme value theory as a model for spatial extremes and serve
Center vortices as composites of monopole fluxes
We study the relation between the flux of a center vortex obtained from the center vortex model and the flux formed between monopoles obtained from the Abelian gauge fixing method. Motivated by the Monte Carlo simulations which have shown that almost all monopoles are sitting on the top of vortices, we construct the fluxes of center vortices for $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ gauge groups using fractional fluxes of monopoles. Then, we compute the potentials in the fundamental representation induced by center vortices and fractional fluxes of monopoles. We show that by combining the fractional fluxes of monopoles one can produce the center vortex fluxes for $SU(3)$ gauge group in a "center vortex model". Comparing the potentials, we conclude that the fractional fluxes of monopoles attract each other.
Deldar, Sedigheh
Today's Material Gauss' Law and Flux
by the contents of the box, the box must contain zero net electric charge. Slide 27-31 #12;Gauss' Law and Flux: · The Concept of Flux · Calculating Electric Flux · Symmetry · Gauss's Law · Using Gauss's Law · Conductors that the box must contain net positive electric charge. Slide 27-29 #12;© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc
Ashlock, Dan
Deposit Description (for FIS, max 30 characters) Outd $ PSU ID/Acct #, Name(Last, First, MI), or other comments Cards $
Cash $ Deposit Description (for FIS, max 30 characters) Outd $ Checks $ PSU ID/Acct #, Name documentation attached. Must equal 0: PSU Miscellaneous Deposit Form Cash $ Deposit Description (for FIS, max 30 Deposit Form Cash $ Deposit Description (for FIS, max 30 characters) Outd $ Checks $ PSU ID/Acct #, Name
Caughman, John
156 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 27, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 Scheduling in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX
in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX Networks: Key Issues and a Survey Chakchai So-In, Student Member, IEEE, Raj times. IEEE 802.16e based WiMAX networks promise the best available quality of experience for mobile data service users. Unlike wireless LANs, WiMAX networks incorporate several quality of service (Qo
Integration of Novel Flux Coupling Motor and Current Source Inverter...
of Novel Flux Coupling Motor and Current Source Inverter Novel Flux Coupling Machine without Permanent Magnets John Hsu, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Flux Coupling...
High Heat Flux Thermoelectric Module Using Standard Bulk Material...
Heat Flux Thermoelectric Module Using Standard Bulk Material High Heat Flux Thermoelectric Module Using Standard Bulk Material Presents high heat flux thermoelectric module design...
text in "Max kWh" fields | OpenEI Community
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating SolarElectric Coop,SaveWhiskey Flatshydro Home Waterstructuredtext in "Max
Property:OpenEI/UtilityRate/EnergyRateStructure/Tier4Max | Open Energy
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Property:OpenEI/UtilityRate/EnergyRateStructure/Tier5Max | Open Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoadingPenobscotInformation Max Jump to: navigation, search This is a
Property:OpenEI/UtilityRate/EnergyRateStructure/Tier6Max | Open Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoadingPenobscotInformation Max Jump to: navigation, search This is
Piezoelectric Micro/Nano-Pillars for Energy Harvesting & Medical Ultrasound Applications Max Lifson, Dartmouth College, SURF 2010 Fellow
Piezoelectric Micro/Nano-Pillars for Energy Harvesting & Medical Ultrasound Applications Max Lifson these pillars are actually hollow nanotubes, the purpose of this study is to verify a process that can be used
Li, Mo
On solar neutrino fluxes in radiochemical experiments
We analyze fluctuations of the solar neutrino flux using data from the Homestake, GALLEX, GNO, SAGE and Super Kamiokande experiments. Spectral analysis and direct quantitative estimations show that the most stable variation of the solar neutrino flux is a quasi-five-year periodicity. The revised values of the mean solar neutrino flux are presented in Table 4. They were used to estimate the observed pp-flux of the solar electron neutrinos near the Earth. We consider two alternative explanations for the origin of a variable component of the solar neutrino deficit.
R. N. Ikhsanov; Yu. N. Gnedin; E. V. Miletsky
Fluxing agent for metal cast joining
A method of joining an aluminum cast member to an aluminum component. The method includes the steps of coating a surface of an aluminum component with flux comprising cesium fluoride, placing the flux coated component in a mold, filling the mold with molten aluminum alloy, and allowing the molten aluminum alloy to solidify thereby joining a cast member to the aluminum component. The flux preferably includes aluminum fluoride and alumina. A particularly preferred flux includes about 60 wt. % CsF, about 30 wt. % AlF.sub.3, and about 10 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.
Gunkel, Ronald W. (Lower Burrell, PA); Podey, Larry L. (Greensburg, PA); Meyer, Thomas N. (Murrysville, PA)
Comparison of the high temperature heat flux sensor to traditional heat flux gages under high heat flux conditions.
Four types of heat flux gages (Gardon, Schmidt-Boelter, Directional Flame Temperature, and High Temperature Heat Flux Sensor) were assessed and compared under flux conditions ranging between 100-1000 kW/m2, such as those seen in hydrocarbon fire or propellant fire conditions. Short duration step and pulse boundary conditions were imposed using a six-panel cylindrical array of high-temperature tungsten lamps. Overall, agreement between all gages was acceptable for the pulse tests and also for the step tests. However, repeated tests with the HTHFS with relatively long durations at temperatures approaching 1000%C2%B0C showed a substantial decrease (10-25%) in heat flux subsequent to the initial test, likely due to the mounting technique. New HTHFS gages have been ordered to allow additional tests to determine the cause of the flux reduction.
Blanchat, Thomas K.; Hanks, Charles R.
PHELIX for flux compression studies
PHELIX (Precision High Energy-density Liner Implosion eXperiment) is a concept for studying electromagnetic implosions using proton radiography. This approach requires a portable pulsed power and liner implosion apparatus that can be operated in conjunction with an 800 MeV proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The high resolution (< 100 micron) provided by proton radiography combined with similar precision of liner implosions driven electromagnetically can permit close comparisons of multi-frame experimental data and numerical simulations within a single dynamic event. To achieve a portable implosion system for use at high energy-density in a proton laboratory area requires sub-megajoule energies applied to implosions only a few cms in radial and axial dimension. The associated inductance changes are therefore relatively modest, so a current step-up transformer arrangement is employed to avoid excessive loss to parasitic inductances that are relatively large for low-energy banks comprising only several capacitors and switches. We describe the design, construction and operation of the PHELIX system and discuss application to liner-driven, magnetic flux compression experiments. For the latter, the ability of strong magnetic fields to deflect the proton beam may offer a novel technique for measurement of field distributions near perturbed surfaces.
Turchi, Peter J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rousculp, Christopher L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Reinovsky, Robert E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Reass, William A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Griego, Jeffrey R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oro, David M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Merrill, Frank E [Los Alamos National Laboratory
URANIUM MILL TAILINGS RADON FLUX CALCULATIONS PI�?ON RIDGE PROJECT MONTROSE COUNTY, COLORADO Inc. (Golder) was commissioned by EFRC to evaluate the operations of the uranium mill tailings storage in this report were conducted using the WISE Uranium Mill Tailings Radon Flux Calculator, as updated on November
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched5 Industrial Carbon CaptureFY08Intermittent3,19963xinyufu Ames17 TheStudy of3511MANUAL
Max Tech and Beyond: Maximizing Appliance and Equipment Efficiency by Design
It is well established that energy efficiency is most often the lowest cost approach to reducing national energy use and minimizing carbon emissions. National investments in energy efficiency to date have been highly cost-effective. The cumulative impacts (out to 2050) of residential energy efficiency standards are expected to have a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.71:1. This project examined energy end-uses in the residential, commercial, and in some cases the industrial sectors. The scope is limited to appliances and equipment, and does not include building materials, building envelopes, and system designs. This scope is consistent with the scope of DOE's appliance standards program, although many products considered here are not currently subject to energy efficiency standards. How much energy could the United States save if the most efficient design options currently feasible were adopted universally? What design features could produce those savings? How would the savings from various technologies compare? With an eye toward identifying promising candidates and strategies for potential energy efficiency standards, the Max Tech and Beyond project aims to answer these questions. The analysis attempts to consolidate, in one document, the energy savings potential and design characteristics of best-on-market products, best-engineered products (i.e., hypothetical products produced using best-on-market components and technologies), and emerging technologies in research & development. As defined here, emerging technologies are fundamentally new and are as yet unproven in the market, although laboratory studies and/or emerging niche applications offer persuasive evidence of major energy-savings potential. The term 'max tech' is used to describe both best-engineered and emerging technologies (whichever appears to offer larger savings). Few best-on-market products currently qualify as max tech, since few apply all available best practices and components. The three primary analyses presented in this report are: Nevertheless, it is important to analyze best-on-market products, since data on truly max tech technologies are limited. (1) an analysis of the cross-cutting strategies most promising for reducing appliance and equipment energy use in the U.S.; (2) a macro-analysis of the U.S. energy-saving potential inherent in promising ultra-efficient appliance technologies; and (3) a product-level analysis of the energy-saving potential.
Desroches, Louis-Benoit; Garbesi, Karina
AVTA: 2013 Ford C-MAX HEV Testing Results | Department of Energy
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AVTA: 2013 Ford C-Max Energi PHEV Testing Results | Department of Energy
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Nonlocal fluxes at a plasma sheath
The particle and energy fluxes of electrons at the boundary of a plasma in contact with a perfectly absorbing plate are considered. In general, the fluxes are shown not to be determined by the plasma temperature and density at the plate but rather by a convolution of the plasma profiles in the vicinity of the plate. A simple empirical expression is proposed for the nonlocal fluxes, which approximately reproduces the results of a full kinetic calculation. The implications of this, to divertor plasmas near the neutralizer plate, are discussed.
Marchand, R.; Abou-Assaleh, Z.; Matte, J.P. (INRS-Energie, C. P. 1020, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada (CA))
High-Flux Microchannel Solar Receiver
This fact sheet describes a high-flux, microchannel solar receiver project awarded under the DOE's 2012 SunShot Concentrating Solar Power R&D award program. The team, led by Oregon State University, is working to demonstrate a microchannel-based solar receiver capable of absorbing high solar flux, while using a variety of liquid and gaseous working fluids. High-flux microchannel receivers have the potential to dramatically reduce the size and cost of a solar receiver by minimizing re-radiation and convective losses.
Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System (ECOR) Handbook
The eddy correlation (ECOR) flux measurement system provides in situ, half-hour measurements of the surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide (CO2) (and methane at one Southern Great Plains extended facility (SGP EF) and the North Slope of Alaska Central Facility (NSA CF). The fluxes are obtained with the eddy covariance technique, which involves correlation of the vertical wind component with the horizontal wind component, the air temperature, the water vapor density, and the CO2 concentration.
Cook, DR
The effects of two levels of water vapor pressure on localized sweat rate in high fit males running at 50% VO? Max
, workload and VO& Max by correlative methods. Procedures Twelve male volunteers were selected as subjects from a Physical Education class at Texas A&M University. The criterion for selection -1 . -1 as a subject was a VO Max greater than 57 ml kg min.... Schvartz et al. (70) found subjects with high VO Max values (mean of 60. 1 ml kg min ) to respond better to heat than those with 1 medium and low Y02 Max values (means of 47. 7 and 35. 6 ml ~ kg ' n", . n respectively) with lower heart rates...
Sockler, James Michael
A low cost high flux solar simulator
A low cost, high flux, large area solar simulator has been designed, built and characterized for the purpose of studying optical melting and light absorption behavior of molten salts. Seven 1500 W metal halide outdoor ...
Codd, Daniel S.
Tetrakis-amido high flux membranes
Composite RO membranes of a microporous polymeric support and a polyamide reaction product of a tetrakis-aminomethyl compound and a polyacylhalide are disclosed, said membranes exhibiting high flux and good chlorine resistance.
McCray, S.B.
Soft pion emission from fat flux tubes
The emission of pions from multiquark flux tubes is examined as an explanation of the soft pion puzzle. Although the soft pion spectra from the decay of fat flux tubes can account for some low {ital p}{sub {perpendicular}} enhancement, the dependence on the number of involved quarks is too weak to provide a plausible explanation of the observed enhancement in the pion spectrum at low transverse momenta.
Kusnezov, D.; Danielewicz, P. (National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (USA))
Novel Flux Coupling Machine without Permanent Magnets - U Machine...
Novel Flux Coupling Machine without Permanent Magnets - U Machine Novel Flux Coupling Machine without Permanent Magnets - U Machine 2009 DOE Hydrogen Program and Vehicle...
CRAD, Fire Protection - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Fire Protection - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Fire Protection - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2006 A section of...
CRAD, Engineering - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Engineering - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2007 A section of Appendix C to DOE G...
CRAD, Maintenance - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope...
Maintenance - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Maintenance - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2007 A section of...
CRAD, Nuclear Safety - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux...
Nuclear Safety - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Nuclear Safety - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2007 A section of...
CRAD, Safety Basis - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR CRAD, Safety Basis - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR February 2007 A...
Engineering - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR CRAD, Engineering - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR...
Maintenance - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR CRAD, Maintenance - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor Contractor ORR...
CRAD, Management- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope...
Management- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Management- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2007 A section of Appendix C...
Effect of microstructure anisotropy on the deformation of MAX polycrystals studied by in-situ compression combined with neutron diffraction
In situ compression tests combined with neutron diffraction were performed on Ti{sub 2}AlN MAX polycrystals with lamellar anisotropic microstructure: the diffraction peak evolution (position and profile) with applied stress reveals that lamellar grains parallel to compression axis remain elastic while lamellar grains perpendicular to compression plastify, both families being subjected to strong variations of heterogeneous strains (types II and III). We demonstrate that this behavior originates from the complex response of the very anisotropic lamellar microstructure and explains the observation of reversible hysteretic loops when cycling MAX polycrystals even in the elastic regime.
Guitton, A.; Joulain, A.; Thilly, L., E-mail: email@example.com [Institut Pprime, CNRS-University of Poitiers-ENSMA, SP2MI, 86962 Futuroscope (France); Van Petegem, S.; Tromas, C.; Van Swygenhoven, H. [Materials Science and Simulations, NUM/ASQ, CH5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland)
return 2i + 1 Max-heap property is A[Parent(i)] A[i] for
[Parent(i)] A[i] for every node i other than the root. Max-Heapify(A, i) l Left(i) r Right(i) if l heap1 Heapsort Parent(i) return i/2 Left(i) return 2i Right(i) return 2i + 1 Max-heap property is A-size[A] and A[l] > A[i] then largest l else largest i if r heap-size[A] and A[r] > A[largest] then largest r
Bylander, Tom
Multiple wavelength X-ray monochromators
An improved apparatus and method is provided for separating input x-ray radiation containing first and second x-ray wavelengths into spatially separate first and second output radiation which contain the first and second x-ray wavelengths, respectively. The apparatus includes a crystalline diffractor which includes a first set of parallel crystal planes, where each of the planes is spaced a predetermined first distance from one another. The crystalline diffractor also includes a second set of parallel crystal planes inclined at an angle with respect to the first set of crystal planes where each of the planes of the second set of parallel crystal planes is spaced a predetermined second distance from one another. In one embodiment, the crystalline diffractor is comprised of a single crystal. In a second embodiment, the crystalline diffractor is comprised of a stack of two crystals. In a third embodiment, the crystalline diffractor includes a single crystal that is bent for focusing the separate first and second output x-ray radiation wavelengths into separate focal points. 3 figs.
Steinmeyer, P.A.
Boride-based nano-laminates with MAX-phase-like behaviour
MAX-phases being usually composed of transition metals, group A elements and carbon/nitrogen are considered interesting materials for many applications because of their tremendous bulk modulus, 'reversible' plasticity, and machinability. This is mainly due to their unique kind of bonding comprising covalent, ionic as well as metallic bonds providing 'easy' planes of rupture and deformability due to the layered crystal structures. In transition metal boride systems, similar types of bonding are available. In particular the W{sub 2}B{sub 5}-structure type and its stacking variations allow the synthesis of strongly layered crystal structures exhibiting unique delamination phenomena. The paper presents ab initio calculations showing the similarities of bonding between the ternary carbides and the corresponding ternary or quaternary borides. Formation of boride-based nano-laminates from auxiliary liquid phases, from the melt as well as during sintering and precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions will be discussed by means of SEM and TEM studies. The role of impurities weakening the interlayer bonding will be addressed in particular. The pronounced cleavage parallel to the basal plane gives rise for crack deflection and pull-out mechanisms if the laminates are dispersed in brittle matrices such as boron carbide, silicon carbide or other transition metal borides. - Graphical abstract: Some transition metal borides crystallise in a layered structure of alternating stacks of metal and boron atoms giving rise for strongly anisotropic properties. Their preferred cleavage parallel and the deformability perpendicular to the basal plan are similar to the peculiar mechanical behaviour recently described for MAX-phases. Ab initio calculations of the crystal structure prove the weak bonds between the layers for a variety of borides which can be used to reinforce ceramic materials on a nano-scale level.
Telle, Rainer [Institut fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde (Mineral Engineering), Chair of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, RWTH Aachen, Mauerstrasse 5, D-52056 Aachen (Germany)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Momozawa, Ai [Institut fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde (Mineral Engineering), Chair of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, RWTH Aachen, Mauerstrasse 5, D-52056 Aachen (Germany); Music, Denis [Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen (Germany); Schneider, Jochen M. [Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen (Germany)
Analysis, Modification, and Implementation (AMI) of Scheduling Algorithm for the IEEE 802.116e (Mobile WiMAX)
Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is being touted as the most promising and potential broadband wireless technology. And the popularity rate has been surging to newer heights as the knowledge-backed service era unfolds steadily. Especially Mobile WiMAX is being projected as a real and strategic boon for developing counties such as India due to its wireless coverage acreage is phenomenally high. Mobile WiMAX has spurred tremendous interest from operators seeking to deploy high-performance yet cost-effective broadband wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16e standard based Mobile WiMAX system will be investigated for the purpose of Quality of Service provisioning. As a technical challenge, radio resource management will be primarily considered and main is the costly spectrum and the increasingly more demanding applications with ever growing number of subscribers. It is necessary to provide Quality of Service (QoS) guaranteed with different characteristics. As a possible solution the sche...
Ravichandiran, C; Vaidhyanathan, V
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tbingen, Germany VSS 2002, #18.3 ID501 Spatial updating in virtual environments
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany VSS 2002, #18.3 ID501 Spatial: What are vestibular cues good for? MPI for Biological Cybernetics, Germany 2 "Voluntary" vs Cybernetics, Germany 3 Methods - Setup · Vestibular stimuli: 6 dof Motion Platform · Visual stimuli: LCD video
In-Depth Look at Ground Source Heat Pumps and Other Electric Loads in Two GreenMax Homes
CARB partnered with WPPI Energy to answer key research questions on in-field performance of ground-source heat pumps and LAMELs through extensive field monitoring at two WPPI GreenMax demonstration homes in Wisconsin. These two test home evaluations provided valuable data on the true in-field performance of various building mechanical systems and lighting, appliances, and miscellaneous loads (LAMELs).
Puttagunta, S.; Shapiro, C.
Structure of pre-Supervisory Committee Meeting (PRE-SCM) report: Abstract of work to date (250 words max)
Appendix B Structure of pre-Supervisory Committee Meeting (PRE-SCM) report: Abstract of work to date (250 words max) An abstract of the work to date, providing general background and explaining how the work fits in the field of your project. This abstract can be very similar to the one submitted
Woodgett, Jim
Super-radiance and flux conservation
The theoretical foundations of the phenomenon known as super-radiance still continues to attract considerable attention. Despite many valiant attempts at pedagogically clear presentations, the effect nevertheless still continues to generate some significant confusion. Part of the confusion arises from the fact that super-radiance in a quantum field theory [QFT] context is not the same as super-radiance (super-fluorescence) in some condensed matter contexts; part of the confusion arises from traditional but sometimes awkward normalization conventions, and part is due to sometimes unnecessary confusion between fluxes and probabilities. We shall argue that the key point underlying the effect is flux conservation, (and, in the presence of dissipation, a controlled amount of flux non-conservation), and that attempting to phrase things in terms of reflection and transmission probabilities only works in the absence of super-radiance. To help clarify the situation we present a simple exactly solvable toy model exhibiting both super-radiance and damping.
Petarpa Boonserm; Tritos Ngampitipan; Matt Visser
Real Time Flux Control in PM Motors
Significant research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) is being conducted to develop ways to increase (1) torque, (2) speed range, and (3) efficiency of traction electric motors for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) within existing current and voltage bounds. Current is limited by the inverter semiconductor devices' capability and voltage is limited by the stator wire insulation's ability to withstand the maximum back-electromotive force (emf), which occurs at the upper end of the speed range. One research track has been to explore ways to control the path and magnitude of magnetic flux while the motor is operating. The phrase, real time flux control (RTFC), refers to this mode of operation in which system parameters are changed while the motor is operating to improve its performance and speed range. RTFC has potential to meet an increased torque demand by introducing additional flux through the main air gap from an external source. It can augment the speed range by diverting flux away from the main air gap to reduce back-emf at high speeds. Conventional RTFC technology is known as vector control [1]. Vector control decomposes the stator current into two components; one that produces torque and a second that opposes (weakens) the magnetic field generated by the rotor, thereby requiring more overall stator current and reducing the efficiency. Efficiency can be improved by selecting a RTFC method that reduces the back-emf without increasing the average current. This favors methods that use pulse currents or very low currents to achieve field weakening. Foremost in ORNL's effort to develop flux control is the work of J. S. Hsu. Early research [2,3] introduced direct control of air-gap flux in permanent magnet (PM) machines and demonstrated it with a flux-controlled generator. The configuration eliminates the problem of demagnetization because it diverts all the flux from the magnets instead of trying to oppose it. It is robust and could be particularly useful for PM generators and electric vehicle drives. Recent efforts have introduced a brushless machine that transfers a magneto-motive force (MMF) generated by a stationary excitation coil to the rotor [4]. Although a conventional PM machine may be field weakened using vector control, the air-gap flux density cannot be effectively enhanced. In Hsu's new machine, the magnetic field generated by the rotor's PM may be augmented by the field from the stationery excitation coil and channeled with flux guides to its desired destination to enhance the air-gap flux that produces torque. The magnetic field can also be weakened by reversing the current in the stationary excitation winding. A patent for advanced technology in this area is pending. Several additional RTFC methods have been discussed in open literature. These include methods of changing the number of poles by magnetizing and demagnetizing the magnets poles with pulses of current corresponding to direct-axis (d-axis) current of vector control [5,6], changing the number of stator coils [7], and controlling the air gap [8]. Test experience has shown that the magnet strengths may vary and weaken naturally as rotor temperature increases suggesting that careful control of the rotor temperature, which is no easy task, could yield another method of RTFC. The purpose of this report is to (1) examine the interaction of rotor and stator flux with regard to RTFC, (2) review and summarize the status of RTFC technology, and (3) compare and evaluate methods for RTFC with respect to maturity, advantages and limitations, deployment difficulty and relative complexity.
Otaduy, P.J.
Coronal mass ejections and magnetic flux buildup in the heliosphere
electron heat flux. The first panel shows the preeruption heliospheric flux, which consists of the an open the observed doubling in the magnetic field intensity at 1 AU over the solar cycle. Such timescales signatures; no flux buildup results. The dynamic simulation yields a solar cycle flux variation with high
California at Berkeley, University of
Plasma momentum meter for momentum flux measurements
Invention comprises an instrument in which momentum flux onto a biasable target plate is transferred via a suspended quartz tube onto a sensitive force transducer--a capacitance-type pressure gauge. The transducer is protected from thermal damage, arcing and sputtering, and materials used in the target and pendulum are electrically insulating, rigid even at elevated temperatures, and have low thermal conductivity. The instrument enables measurement of small forces (10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.3 N) accompanied by high heat fluxes which are transmitted by energetic particles with 10's of eV of kinetic energy in a intense magnetic field and pulsed plasma environment.
Zonca, Fulvio (Rome, IT); Cohen, Samuel A. (Hopewell, NJ); Bennett, Timothy (Princeton, NJ); Timberlake, John R. (Allentown, NJ)
Uniform flux dish concentrators for photovoltaic application
Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have designed a unique and innovative molded dish concentrator capable of producing a uniform flux profile on a flat target plane. Concentration levels of 100--200 suns, which are uniform over an area of several square inches, can be directly achieved for collection apertures of a reasonable size ({approximately}1.5-m diameter). Such performance would be immediately applicable to photovoltaic (PV) use. Economic concerns have shown that the proposed approach would be less expensive thatn Fresnel lens concepts or other dish concentrator designs that require complicated and costly receivers to mix the flux to obtain a uniform distribution. 12 refs.
Jorgensen, G; Wendelin, T
Radiation from Kinetic Poynting Flux Acceleration
We derive analytic formulas for the power output and critical frequency of radiation by electrons accelerated by relativistic kinetic Poynting flux, and validate these results with Particle-In-Cell plasma simulations. We find that the in-situ radiation power output and critical frequency are much below those predicted by the classical synchrotron formulae. We discuss potential astrophysical applications of these results.
Edison Liang; Koichi Noguchi
6, 52515268, 2006 Turbulent fluxes over
´exico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico Received: 24 March 2006 Accepted: 10 May 2006 Published: 26 June 2006 wind speed conditions (up to 25 ms -1 ). The estimates of total momentum flux and turbulent kinetic energy can be represented very5 accurately (r2 =0.99, when data are binned every 1 ms-1 ) by empirical
Recommended Procedures for Measuring Radon Fluxes from
of Waste Management Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission#12;#12;Recommended Procedures for Measuring Radon Fluxes from Disposal Sites of Residual'nat the average annual l'elease of radon-222 from the disposal sites to t.he atmosp~1er0 by residuai radioactive
High energy electron fluxes in dc-augmented capacitively coupled plasmas I. Fundamental characteristics
Power deposition from electrons in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) has components from stochastic heating, Joule heating, and from the acceleration of secondary electrons through sheaths produced by ion, electron, or photon bombardment of electrodes. The sheath accelerated electrons can produce high energy beams which, in addition to producing excitation and ionization in the gas can penetrate through the plasma and be incident on the opposite electrode. In the use of CCPs for microelectronics fabrication, there may be an advantage to having these high energy electrons interact with the wafer. To control the energy and increase the flux of the high energy electrons, a dc bias can be externally imposed on the electrode opposite the wafer, thereby producing a dc-augmented CCP (dc-CCP). In this paper, the characteristics of dc-CCPs will be discussed using results from a computational study. We found that for a given rf bias power, beams of high energy electrons having a narrow angular spread (<1 deg. ) can be produced incident on the wafer. The maximum energy in the high energy electron flux scales as {epsilon}{sub max}=-V{sub dc}+V{sub rf}+V{sub rf0}, for a voltage on the dc electrode of V{sub dc}, rf voltage of V{sub rf}, and dc bias on the rf electrode of V{sub rf0}. The dc current from the biased electrode must return to ground through surfaces other than the rf electrode and so seeks out a ground plane, typically the side walls. If the side wall is coated with a poorly conducting polymer, the surface will charge to drive the dc current through.
Wang Mingmei [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010 (United States); Kushner, Mark J. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States)
The effect of nonuniform axial heat flux distribution on the critical heat flux
A systematic experimental and analytic investigation of the effect of nonuniform axial heat flux distribution on critical heat rilux was performed with water in the quality condition. Utilizing a model which ascribes the ...
Todreas, Neil E.
Energy Flux We discuss various ways of describing energy flux and related quantities.
.0.4 Radiance Radiance is the energy flux density per solid angle.[W/(m2 �? steradian)] 6.0.5 Radiant Intensity Radiant intensity is the energy flux per solid angle [W/steradian] (radiometry) 6.0.6 Intensity Intensity)· ^Ndt (6.4) Intensity is again measured in [W/m2 ] 6.0.7 Fluence Fluence is radiant energy per area
Palffy-Muhoray, Peter
Tensile and impact testing of an HFBR (High Flux Beam Reactor) control rod follower
The Materials Technology Group of the Department of Nuclear Energy (DNE) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) undertook a program to machine and test specimens from a control rod follower from the High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR). Tensile and Charpy impact specimens were machined and tested from non-irradiated aluminum alloys in addition to irradiated 6061-T6 from the HFBR. The tensile test results on irradiated material showed a two-fold increase in tensile strength to a maximum of 100.6 ksi. The impact resistance of the irradiated material showed a six-fold decrease in values (3 in-lb average) compared to similar non-irradiated material. Fracture toughness (K{sub I}) specimens were tested on an unirradiated compositionally and dimensionally similar (to HFBR follower) 6061 T-6 material with K{sub max} values of 24.8 {plus minus} 1.0 Ksi{radical}in (average) being obtained. The report concludes that the specimens produced during the program yielded reproducible and believable results and that proper quality assurance was provided throughout the program. 9 figs., 6 tabs.
Czajkowski, C.J.; Schuster, M.H.; Roberts, T.C.; Milian, L.W.
High Flux Isotope Reactor power upgrade status
A return to 100-MW operation is being planned for the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Recent improvements in fuel element manufacturing procedures and inspection equipment will be exploited to reduce hot spot and hot streak factors sufficiently to permit the power upgrade without an increase in primary coolant pressure. Fresh fuel elements already fabricated for future use are being evaluated individually for power upgrade potential based on their measured coolant channel dimensions.
Rothrock, R.B.; Hale, R.E. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Cheverton, R.D. [Delta-21 Resources Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Atmospheric State, Cloud Microphysics and Radiative Flux
Atmospheric thermodynamics, cloud properties, radiative fluxes and radiative heating rates for the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The data represent a characterization of the physical state of the atmospheric column compiled on a five-minute temporal and 90m vertical grid. Sources for this information include raw measurements, cloud property and radiative retrievals, retrievals and derived variables from other third-party sources, and radiative calculations using the derived quantities.
Mace, Gerald
ARM - VAP Product - lblch1flux
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD) byProductsbsrncalcbsrncalc Documentation Data Management Facility PlotsuthProductslbllblch1flux
Coupling spin ensembles via superconducting flux qubits
We study a hybrid quantum system consisting of spin ensembles and superconducting flux qubits, where each spin ensemble is realized using the nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal and the nearest-neighbor spin ensembles are effectively coupled via a flux qubit.We show that the coupling strengths between flux qubits and spin ensembles can reach the strong and even ultrastrong coupling regimes by either engineering the hybrid structure in advance or tuning the excitation frequencies of spin ensembles via external magnetic fields. When extending the hybrid structure to an array with equal coupling strengths, we find that in the strong-coupling regime, the hybrid array is reduced to a tight-binding model of a one-dimensional bosonic lattice. In the ultrastrong-coupling regime, it exhibits quasiparticle excitations separated from the ground state by an energy gap. Moreover, these quasiparticle excitations and the ground state are stable under a certain condition that is tunable via the external magnetic field. This may provide an experimentally accessible method to probe the instability of the system.
Yueyin Qiu; Wei Xiong; Lin Tian; J. Q. You
Heat flux dynamics in dissipative cascaded systems
We study the dynamics of heat flux in the thermalization process of a pair of identical quantum system that interact dissipatively with a reservoir in a {\\it cascaded} fashion. Despite the open dynamics of the bipartite system S is globally Lindbladian, one of the subsystems "sees" the reservoir in a state modified by the interaction with the other subsystem and hence it undergoes a non-Markovian dynamics. As a consequence, the heat flow exhibits a non-exponential time behaviour which can greatly deviate from the case where each party is independently coupled to the reservoir. We investigate both thermal and correlated initial states of $S$ and show that the presence of correlations at the beginning can considerably affect the heat flux rate. We carry out our study in two paradigmatic cases -- a pair of harmonic oscillators with a reservoir of bosonic modes and two qubits with a reservoir of fermionic modes -- and compare the corresponding behaviours. In the case of qubits and for initial thermal states, we find that the trace distance discord is at any time interpretable as the correlated contribution to the total heat flux.
Salvatore Lorenzo; Alessandro Farace; Francesco Ciccarello; G. Massimo Palma; Vittorio Giovannetti
Flux Expulsion - Field Evolution in Neutron Stars
Models for the evolution of magnetic fields of neutron stars are constructed, assuming the field is embedded in the proton superconducting core of the star. The rate of expulsion of the magnetic flux out of the core, or equivalently the velocity of outward motion of flux-carrying proton-vortices is determined from a solution of the Magnus equation of motion for these vortices. A force due to the pinning interaction between the proton-vortices and the neutron-superfluid vortices is also taken into account in addition to the other more conventional forces acting on the proton-vortices. Alternative models for the field evolution are considered based on the different possibilities discussed for the effective values of the various forces. The coupled spin and magnetic evolution of single pulsars as well as those processed in low-mass binary systems are computed, for each of the models. The predicted lifetimes of active pulsars, field strengths of the very old neutron stars, and distribution of the magnetic fields versus orbital periods in low-mass binary pulsars are used to test the adopted field decay models. Contrary to the earlier claims, the buoyancy is argued to be the dominant driving cause of the flux expulsion, for the single as well as the binary neutron stars. However, the pinning is also found to play a crucial role which is necessary to account for the observed low field binary and millisecond pulsars.
M. Jahan-Miri
Rapid and Precise Determination of Cellular Amino Acid Flux Rates
," max speed, 8x. 10. Inject. 11. Wait 0.1 min. 12. Valve bypass. · G1314A Variable Wavelength Detector, manually. Some immediate drawbacks to offline derivatization are sources of error due to operator skill-derivatization using injector pro- gramming of the HPLC's autosampler, and short, highly effi- cient columns generate
Wikswo, John
Gas Flux Sampling At Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area (Lewicki...
statistical regression of EC energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, less soil heat flux). While incomplete (R2 0.77 for 1:1 line),...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor CRAD, Safety Basis - Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor February 2007 A section of Appendix C to DOE G...
Boosted Fast Flux Loop Final Report
The Boosted Fast Flux Loop (BFFL) project was initiated to determine basic feasibility of designing, constructing, and installing in a host irradiation facility, an experimental vehicle that can replicate with reasonable fidelity the fast-flux test environment needed for fuels and materials irradiation testing for advanced reactor concepts. Originally called the Gas Test Loop (GTL) project, the activity included (1) determination of requirements that must be met for the GTL to be responsive to potential users, (2) a survey of nuclear facilities that may successfully host the GTL, (3) conceptualizing designs for hardware that can support the needed environments for neutron flux intensity and energy spectrum, atmosphere, flow, etc. needed by the experimenters, and (4) examining other aspects of such a system, such as waste generation and disposal, environmental concerns, needs for additional infrastructure, and requirements for interfacing with the host facility. A revised project plan included requesting an interim decision, termed CD-1A, that had objectives of' establishing the site for the project at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), deferring the CD 1 application, and authorizing a research program that would resolve the most pressing technical questions regarding GTL feasibility, including issues relating to the use of booster fuel in the ATR. Major research tasks were (1) hydraulic testing to establish flow conditions through the booster fuel, (2) mini-plate irradiation tests and post-irradiation examination to alleviate concerns over corrosion at the high heat fluxes planned, (3) development and demonstration of booster fuel fabrication techniques, and (4) a review of the impact of the GTL on the ATR safety basis. A revised cooling concept for the apparatus was conceptualized, which resulted in renaming the project to the BFFL. Before the subsequent CD-1 approval request could be made, a decision was made in April 2006 that further funding for the project would be suspended. Remaining funds have been used to prepare and irradiate mini-plates of the proposed booster fuel. The current baseline design is for a set of three test positions inside an in-pile tube with a thermal neutron absorber and heat sink made of aluminum mixed with hafnium. Operating the ATR at power levels needed to achieve the required fast flux will result in an estimated increase in ATR fuel consumption between 15 and 20% above present rates and a reduction in the time between fuel replacements. Preliminary safety analyses conducted have indicted safe operation of the ATR with the GTL under normal, abnormal, and postulated accident conditions. More comprehensive analyses are needed.
Boosted Fast Flux Loop Project Staff
Blade Motion and Nutrient Flux to the Kelp, Eisenia arborea
Blade Motion and Nutrient Flux to the Kelp, Eisenia arborea MARK DENNY* AND LORETTA ROBERSON- plore the effect of oscillatory pitching on the flux to a flat plate and to two morphologies of the kelp-averaged flux to both kelp mor- phologies, but not to the plate. In fast flow (equivalent to 20 cm s 1 in water
Denny, Mark
Energy flux of timeharmonic waves in anisotropic dissipative media
Energy flux of timeharmonic waves in anisotropic dissipative media Vlastislav Ÿ Cerven 2, Czech Republic. Email email@example.com#.cuni.cz Summary The energy flux of time to consider the average energy flux, which is realvalued and timeindependent. An extension
Cerveny, Vlastislav
SEDIMENT FLUX THROUGH THE RIO GRANDE RIVER: A MONSOONAL EFFECT Troy C.Hiatt A thesis submitted University August 2010 Copyright © 2010 Troy C. Hiatt All Rights Reserved #12;ABSTRACT Sediment Flux through Climate has historically been recognized as an influence on sediment flux and deposition. The North
Seamons, Kent E.
Model of Trace Gas Flux in Boundary Layer
Mathematical model of the turbulent flux in the three-layer boundary system is presented. Turbulence is described as a presence of the nonzero vorticity. Generalized advection-diffusion-reaction equation is derived for arbitrary number components in the flux. The fluxes in the layers are objects for matching requirements on the boundaries between the layers.
I. I. Vasenev; I. S. Nurgaliev
Spheromak reactor with poloidal flux-amplifying transformer
An inductive transformer in the form of a solenoidal coils aligned along the major axis of a flux core induces poloidal flux along the flux core's axis. The current in the solenoidal coil is then reversed resulting in a poloidal flux swing and the conversion of a portion of the poloidal flux to a toroidal flux in generating a spheromak plasma wherein equilibrium approaches a force-free, minimum Taylor state during plasma formation, independent of the initial conditions or details of the formation. The spheromak plasma is sustained with the Taylor state maintained by oscillating the currents in the poloidal and toroidal field coils within the plasma-forming flux core. The poloidal flux transformer may be used either as an amplifier stage in a moving plasma reactor scenario for initial production of a spheromak plasma or as a method for sustaining a stationary plasma and further heating it. The solenoidal coil embodiment of the poloidal flux transformer can alternately be used in combination with a center conductive cylinder aligned along the length and outside of the solenoidal coil. This poloidal flux-amplifying inductive transformer approach allows for a relaxation of demanding current carrying requirements on the spheromak reactor's flux core, reduces plasma contamination arising from high voltage electrode discharge, and improves the efficiency of poloidal flux injection.
Furth, Harold P. (Princeton, NJ); Janos, Alan C. (East Windsor, NJ); Uyama, Tadao (Osaka, JP); Yamada, Masaaki (Lawrenceville, NJ)
AmeriFlux Network Data from the ORNL AmeriFlux Website
The AmeriFlux network was established in 1996 to provide continuous observations of ecosystem level exchanges of CO2, water, energy and momentum spanning diurnal, synoptic, seasonal, and interannual time scales. It is fed by sites from North America, Central America, and South America. DOE's CDIAC stores and maintains AmeriFlux data, and this web site explains the different levels of data available there, with links to the CDIAC ftp site. A separate web-based data interface is also provided; it allows users to graph, query, and download Level 2 data for up to four sites at a time. Data may be queried by site, measurement period, or parameter. More than 550 site-years of level 2 data are available from AmeriFlux sites through the interface.
Cosmic-ray Muon Flux In Belgrade
Two identical plastic scintillator detectors, of prismatic shape (50x23x5)cm similar to NE102, were used for continuous monitoring of cosmic-ray intensity. Muon {delta}E spectra have been taken at five minute intervals, simultaneously from the detector situated on the ground level and from the second one at the depth of 25 m.w.e in the low-level underground laboratory. Sum of all the spectra for the years 2002-2004 has been used to determine the cosmic-ray muon flux at the ground level and in the underground laboratory.
Banjanac, R.; Dragic, A.; Jokovic, D.; Udovicic, V. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro); Puzovic, J.; Anicin, I. [Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro)
Contactless heat flux control with photonic devices
The ability to control electric currents in solids using diodes and transistors is undoubtedly at the origin of the main developments in modern electronics which have revolutionized the daily life in the second half of 20th century. Surprisingly, until the year 2000 no thermal counterpart for such a control had been proposed. Since then, based on pioneering works on the control of phononic heat currents new devices were proposed which allow for the control of heat fluxes carried by photons rather than phonons or electrons. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the main advances achieved recently in the field of thermal energy control with photons.
Ben-Abdallah, Philippe
Parametric amplification by coupled flux qubits
We report parametric amplification of a microwave signal in a Kerr medium formed from superconducting qubits. Two mutually coupled flux qubits, embedded in the current antinode of a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator, are used as a nonlinear element. Shared Josephson junctions provide the qubit-resonator coupling, resulting in a device with a tunable Kerr constant (up to 3?�?10{sup ?3}) and a measured gain of about 20?dB. This arrangement represents a unit cell which can be straightforwardly extended to a quasi one-dimensional quantum metamaterial with large tunable Kerr nonlinearity, providing a basis for implementation of wide-band travelling wave parametric amplifiers.
Reh�k, M.; Neilinger, P.; Grajcar, M. [Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, SK-84248 Bratislava (Slovakia); Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Science, 845 11 Bratislava (Slovakia); Oelsner, G.; H�bner, U.; Meyer, H.-G. [Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, P.O. Box 100239, D-07702 Jena (Germany); Il'ichev, E. [Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, P.O. Box 100239, D-07702 Jena (Germany); Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx Ave., 630092 Novosibirsk (Russian Federation)
Flux Power Incorporated | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision has beenFfe2fb55-352f-473b-a2dd-50ae8b27f0a6Theoretical vsFlintFlux Power Incorporated Jump to:
MiniBooNE Flux Data Release
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recovery challenge fundProject8 -3EutecticMinding the GapThe Neutrino Flux
Optimisation of a transverse flux linear PM generator using 3D Finite Element Analysis.
??ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Several transverse flux and longitudinal flux linear generator topologies exist for freepiston Stirling engine applications. In this thesis the transverse flux permanent magnet� (more)
Schutte, Jacques
AmeriFlux Measurement Network: Science Team Research
Research involves analysis and field direction of AmeriFlux operations, and the PI provides scientific leadership of the AmeriFlux network. Activities include the coordination and quality assurance of measurements across AmeriFlux network sites, synthesis of results across the network, organizing and supporting the annual Science Team Meeting, and communicating AmeriFlux results to the scientific community and other users. Objectives of measurement research include (i) coordination of flux and biometric measurement protocols (ii) timely data delivery to the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC); and (iii) assurance of data quality of flux and ecosystem measurements contributed by AmeriFlux sites. Objectives of integration and synthesis activities include (i) integration of site data into network-wide synthesis products; and (ii) participation in the analysis, modeling and interpretation of network data products. Communications objectives include (i) organizing an annual meeting of AmeriFlux investigators for reporting annual flux measurements and exchanging scientific information on ecosystem carbon budgets; (ii) developing focused topics for analysis and publication; and (iii) developing data reporting protocols in support of AmeriFlux network goals.
Law, B E
1D-8 Duo-Binary Circular Turbo Decoder Based on Border Metric Encoding for WiMAX
Abstract- This paper presents a duo-binary circular turbo decoder based on border metric encoding. With the proposed method, the memory size for branch memory is reduced by half and the dummy calculation is removed at the cost of the small-sized memory which holds the encoded border metrics. Based on the proposed SISO decoder and the dedicated hardware interleaver, a duo-binary circular turbo decoder is designed for the WiMAX standard using a 0.13 ?m CMOS process, which can support 24.26 Mbps at 200MHz. I.
Ji-hoon Kim; In-cheol Park
An apparatus is described for measuring momentum flux from an intense plasma stream, comprising: refractory target means oriented normal to the flow of said plasma stream for bombardment by said plasma stream where said bombardment by said plasma stream applies a pressure to said target means, pendulum means for communicating a translational displacement of said target to a force transducer where said translational displacement of said target is transferred to said force transducer by an elongated member coupled to said target, where said member is suspended by a pendulum configuration means and where said force transducer is responsive to said translational displacement of said member, and force transducer means for outputting a signal representing pressure data corresponding to said displacement.
Zonca, F.; Cohen, S.A.; Bennett, T.; Timberlake, J.R.
Time dependences of atmospheric Carbon dioxide fluxes
Understanding the lifetime of CO2 in the atmosphere is critical for predictions regarding future climate changes. A simple mass conservation analysis presented here generates tight estimations for the atmosphere's retention time constant. The analysis uses a leaky integrator model that combines the observed deficit (only less than 40% of CO2 produced from combustion of fossil fuels is actually retained in the atmosphere, while more than 60% is continuously shed) with the exponential growth of fossil fuel burning. It reveals a maximum characteristic time of less than 23 year for the transfer of atmospheric CO2 to a segregation sink. This time constant is further constrained by the rapid disappearance of 14C after the ban of atmospheric atomic bomb tests, which provides a lower limit of 18 years for this transfer. The study also generates evaluations of other CO2 fluxes, exchange time constants and volumes exchanged. Analysis of large harmonic oscillations of atmospheric CO2 concentration, often neglected in th...
DeSalvo, Riccardo
Anomalous diffusion modifies solar neutrino fluxes
Density and temperature conditions in the solar core suggest that the microscopic diffusion of electrons and ions could be nonstandard: diffusion and friction coefficients are energy dependent, collisions are not two-body processes and retain memory beyond the single scattering event. A direct consequence of nonstandard diffusion is that the equilibrium energy distribution of particles departs from the Maxwellian one (tails goes to zero more slowly or faster than exponentially) modifying the reaction rates. This effect is qualitatively different from temperature and/or composition modification: small changes in the number of particles in the distribution tails can strongly modify the rates without affecting bulk properties, such as the sound speed or hydrostatic equilibrium, which depend on the mean values from the distribution. This mechanism can considerably increase the range of predictions for the neutrino fluxes allowed by the current experimental values (cross sections and solar properties) and can be u...
Kaniadakis, G; Lissia, M; Quarati, P
Renewed experimentation with Ranchero flux compression genereators
In the late 1990s, Los Alamos pursued a coaxial flux compression generator (FCG) concept that was described in several publications under the name 'Ranchero.' These FCGs were designed to be cost effective high current generators, and a variety of configurations were tested. The Ranchero armature is a 152 mm diameter aluminum cylinder with a 6 mm thick wall. The high explosive (HE) is detonated simultaneously on axis, and as the armature expands a factor of two, the wall thins to {approx}3 mm. At the final 300 mm diameter, the circumference is over 900 mm, and this should allow currents to be generated in the 90 MA range. No tests significantly over 50 MA have been performed but an experiment is planned. We have recently begun using Ranchero devices for a new application and we continue to improve the design. In this paper we describe recent tests of Ranchero and its subsystems. The load for our new application is an imploding aluminum liner that would deform due to the magnetic pressure applied during the initial flux loading. It will, however, implode properly when powered only during the {approx}29 {micro}s Ranchero flux compression time. This gives rise to a new system with explOSively formed fuse (EFF) opening switches and an integral closing switch that isolates the load. A capacitor bank delivers 2.8 MA to the Ranchero circuit in {approx}85 {micro}s. During this time, four parallel 63.5 mm wide EFFs, external to the coaxial system, complete the circuit. After armature motion begins, insulation which initially isolates the load is severed, connecting the load to the FCG in parallel with the EFFs. External HE charges are initiated on each of the EFFs to produce a resistance rise timed to not precede closure of the load isolation switch. The EFFs achieve significant resistance, and the flux remaining in the 191 nH generator and 3 nH transmission line is compressed to generate 30.85 MA in a {approx}12.5 nH static load. On three tests, the EFF system has operated flawlessly, and only {approx}100kA is driven back into the EFFs during peak voltage of the generator output. A test incorporating a 19.5 nH dual liner dynamic load has also been completed, and these results are also presented. Ranchero generators have been operated with armatures from 43 cm to 1.4 m long, corresponding to initial inductances from 56 to 191 nH. MHD code modeling gives better agreement with experiments using modules 43 cm long than the 1.4 m modules, and these results will also be presented.
Goforth, James H [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Herrera, Dennis H [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tasker, Douglas G [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Torres, David T [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Atchison, W. L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Colgate, S. A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Griego, J. R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Guzik, J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Holtkamp, D. B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Idzorek, G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kaul, A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kirkpatrick, R. C. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Menikoff, R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Meyer, R. K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oona, H. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Reardon, P. T. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Reinovsky, R. E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rousculp, C. L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sgro, A. G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tabaka, L. J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Watt, R. G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Riesman, D. B. [LLNL
Tracking heat flux sensors for concentrating solar applications
Innovative tracking heat flux sensors located at or near the solar collector's focus for centering the concentrated image on a receiver assembly. With flux sensors mounted near a receiver's aperture, the flux gradient near the focus of a dish or trough collector can be used to precisely position the focused solar flux on the receiver. The heat flux sensors comprise two closely-coupled thermocouple junctions with opposing electrical polarity that are separated by a thermal resistor. This arrangement creates an electrical signal proportional to heat flux intensity, and largely independent of temperature. The sensors are thermally grounded to allow a temperature difference to develop across the thermal resistor, and are cooled by a heat sink to maintain an acceptable operating temperature.
Andraka, Charles E; Diver, Jr., Richard B
as4 flux morfologiya: Topics by E-print Network
Guido D'Amico; Roberto Gobbetti; Matthew Kleban; Marjorie Schillo 2012-11-14 11 Solar Magnetic Flux Ropes CERN Preprints Summary: The most probable initial magnetic...
Current Source Inverters for HEVs and FCVs Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Wireless Charging Integration of Novel Flux Coupling Motor and Current Source Inverter...
annual particle flux: Topics by E-print Network
a cascade Wehrli, Bernhard 20 Earth Planets Space, 62, 333345, 2010 Cosmic ray and solar energetic particle flux in paleomagnetospheres Biology and Medicine Websites Summary:...
Ising interaction between capacitively-coupled superconducting flux qubits
Here, we propose a scheme to generate a controllable Ising interaction between superconducting flux qubits. Existing schemes rely on inducting couplings to realize Ising interactions between flux qubits, and the interaction strength is controlled by an applied magnetic field On the other hand, we have found a way to generate an interaction between the flux qubits via capacitive couplings. This has an advantage in individual addressability, because we can control the interaction strength by changing an applied voltage that can be easily localized. This is a crucial step toward the realizing superconducting flux qubit quantum computation.
Takahiko Satoh; Yuichiro Matsuzaki; Kosuke Kakuyanagi; Koichi Semba; Hiroshi Yamaguchi; Shiro Saito
Gaugino Condensates and Fluxes in N = 1 Effective Superpotentials
In the framework of orbifold compactifications of heterotic and type II orientifolds, we study effective N = 1 supergravity potentials arising from fluxes and gaugino condensates. These string solutions display a broad phenomenology which we analyze using the method of N = 4 supergravity gaugings. We give examples in type II and heterotic compactifications of combined fluxes and condensates leading to vacua with naturally small supersymmetry breaking scale controlled by the condensate, cases where the supersymmetry breaking scale is specified by the fluxes even in the presence of a condensate and also examples where fluxes and condensates conspire to preserve supersymmetry.
Jean-Pierre Derendinger; Costas Kounnas; P. Marios Petropoulos
antineutrino flux measurements: Topics by E-print Network
with Terrestrial Antineutrino Flux Measurements CERN Preprints Summary: Uranium and thorium are the main heat producing elements in the earth. Their quantities and...
Suggestions for the measurement and derivation of fluxes and flux divergences from a satellite
The theoretical studies shown here indicate that the best bands to measure and derive the total outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), surface downward flux (SDF), and cooling rates (CRs) using linear regression are (1) the band between 800 and 1,200 cm{sup {minus}1} for OLR, (2) the band between 500 and 660 cm{sup {minus}1} or 660 and 800 cm{sup {minus}1} for SDF, and (3) the band between 660 and 800 cm{sup {minus}1} for CRs. These results are obtained from scatter plots of total fluxes and cooling rates associated with the various bands. The advanced very high resolution radiometer OLR is damped compared with the Nimbus 7 Earth radiation budget (ERB) OLR, which is derived from the broadband, narrow field of view ERB instrument, owing to its use of only one narrow band (centered around the 11-{mu}m window region) measurement.
Man-Li C. Wu (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States))
Density and temperature conditions in the solar core suggest that the microscopic diffusion of electrons and ions could be nonstandard: Diffusion and friction coefficients are energy dependent, collisions are not two-body processes and retain memory beyond the single scattering event. A direct consequence of nonstandard diffusion is that the equilibrium energy distribution of particles departs from the Maxwellian one (tails goes to zero more slowly or faster than exponentially) modifying the reaction rates. This effect is qualitatively different from temperature and/or composition modification: Small changes in the number of particles in the distribution tails can strongly modify the rates without affecting bulk properties, such as the sound speed or hydrostatic equilibrium, which depend on the mean values from the distribution. This mechanism can considerably increase the range of predictions for the neutrino fluxes allowed by the current experimental values (cross sections and solar properties) and can be used to reduce the discrepancy between these predictions and the solar neutrino experiments.
G. Kaniadakis; A. Lavagno; M. Lissia; P. Quarati
Wave momentum flux parameter: a descriptor for nearshore waves
Wave momentum flux parameter: a descriptor for nearshore waves Steven A. Hughes* US Army Engineer Available online 7 October 2004 Abstract A new parameter representing the maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux occurring over a wave length is proposed for characterizing the wave contribution
US Army Corps of Engineers
Thermal neutron flux perturbation due to indium foils in water
press) 13. Axford, R. A. , and Day, G. M. , personnel communication. 14. Ritchie, R. H. , Thermal Neutron Flux De ression, Health Physics Division Annual Prog. Rep. July, 1958, ORNL-2806, p. 133. 27 i 5, Walker, J. V. , "The Measurement of Absolute... Fluxes in Water and Graphite, " 'ORNL- 2842, 204 (f959). ...
Stinson, Ronald Calvin
Extraction of Neutrino Flux from the Inclusive Muon Cross Section
We have studied a method to extract neutrino flux from the data of neutrino-nucleus reaction by using maximum entropy method. We demonstrate a promising example to extract neutrino flux from the inclusive cross section of muon production without selecting a particular reaction process such as quasi-elastic nucleon knockout.
Murata, Tomoya
Tomoya Murata; Toru Sato
Protostellar Accretion Flows Destabilized by Magnetic Flux Redistribution
Magnetic flux redistribution lies at the heart of the problem of star formation in dense cores of molecular clouds that are magnetized to a realistic level. If all of the magnetic flux of a typical core were to be dragged into the central star, the stellar field strength would be orders of magnitude higher than the observed values. This well-known "magnetic flux problem" can in principle be resolved through non-ideal MHD effects. Two dimensional (axisymmetric) calculations have shown that ambipolar diffusion, in particular, can transport magnetic flux outward relative to matter, allowing material to enter the central object without dragging the field lines along. We show through simulations that such axisymmetric protostellar accretion flows are unstable in three dimensions to magnetic interchange instability in the azimuthal direction. The instability is driven by the magnetic flux redistributed from the matter that enters the central object. It typically starts to develop during the transition from the pres...
Krasnopolsky, Ruben; Shang, Hsien; Zhao, Bo
Acoustic emission from magnetic flux tubes in the solar network
We present the results of three-dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the excitation of waves in the magnetic network of the Sun due to footpoint motions of a magnetic flux tube. We consider motions that typically mimic granular buffeting and vortex flows and implement them as driving motions at the base of the flux tube. The driving motions generates various MHD modes within the flux tube and acoustic waves in the ambient medium. The response of the upper atmosphere to the underlying photospheric motion and the role of the flux tube in channeling the waves is investigated. We compute the acoustic energy flux in the various wave modes across different boundary layers defined by the plasma and magnetic field parameters and examine the observational implications for chromospheric and coronal heating.
Vigeesh, G
We present an observation of a filament eruption caused by recurrent chromospheric plasma injections (surges/jets) on 2006 July 6. The filament eruption was associated with an M2.5 two-ribbon flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). There was a light bridge in the umbra of the main sunspot of NOAA 10898; one end of the filament was terminated at the region close to the light bridge, and recurrent surges were observed to be ejected from the light bridge. The surges occurred intermittently for about 8 hr before the filament eruption, and finally a clear jet was found at the light bridge to trigger the filament eruption. We analyzed the evolutions of the relative darkness of the filament and the loaded mass by the continuous surges quantitatively. It was found that as the occurrence of the surges, the relative darkness of the filament body continued growing for about 3-4 hr, reached its maximum, and kept stable for more than 2 hr until it erupted. If suppose 50% of the ejected mass by the surges could be trapped by the filament channel, then the total loaded mass into the filament channelwill be about 0.57x10{sup 16} g with a momentum of 0.57x10{sup 22} g cm s{sup -1} by 08:08 UT, which is a non-negligible effect on the stability of the filament. Based on the observations, we present a model showing the important role that recurrent chromospheric mass injection play in the evolution and eruption of a flux rope. Our study confirms that the surge activities can efficiently supply the necessary material for some filament formation. Furthermore, our study indicates that the continuous mass with momentum loaded by the surge activities to the filament channel could make the filament unstable and cause it to erupt.
Guo Juan; Zhang Hongqi; Deng Yuanyong; Lin Jiaben; Su Jiangtao [Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing 100012 (China); Liu Yu, E-mail: email@example.com [Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Kunming 650011 (China)
The AmeriFlux Network of Long-Term CO{sub 2} Flux Measurement Stations: Methodology and Intercomparability
A portable flux measurement system has been used within the AmeriFlux network of CO{sub 2} flux measurement stations to enhance the comparability of data collected across the network. No systematic biases were observed in a comparison between portable system and site H, LE, or CO{sub 2} flux values although there were biases observed between the portable system and site measurement of air temperature and PPFD. Analysis suggests that if values from two stations differ by greater than 26% for H, 35% for LE, and 32% for CO{sub 2} flux they are likely to be significant. Methods for improving the intercomparability of the network are also discussed.
Hollinger, D. Y.; Evans, R. S.
The Mean and Scatter of the Velocity Dispersion-Optical Richness Relation for MaxBCG Galaxy Clusters
The distribution of galaxies in position and velocity around the centers of galaxy clusters encodes important information about cluster mass and structure. Using the maxBCG galaxy cluster catalog identified from imaging data obtained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the BCG--galaxy velocity correlation function. By modeling its non-Gaussianity, we measure the mean and scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness. The mean velocity dispersion increases from 202 {+-} 10 km s{sup -1} for small groups to more than 854 {+-} 102 km s{sup -1} for large clusters. We show the scatter to be at most 40.5{+-}3.5%, declining to 14.9{+-}9.4% in the richest bins. We test our methods in the C4 cluster catalog, a spectroscopic cluster catalog produced from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR2 spectroscopic sample, and in mock galaxy catalogs constructed from N-body simulations. Our methods are robust, measuring the scatter to well within one-sigma of the true value, and the mean to within 10%, in the mock catalogs. By convolving the scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness with the observed richness space density function, we measure the velocity dispersion function of the maxBCG galaxy clusters. Although velocity dispersion and richness do not form a true mass--observable relation, the relationship between velocity dispersion and mass is theoretically well characterized and has low scatter. Thus our results provide a key link between theory and observations up to the velocity bias between dark matter and galaxies.
Becker, M.R.; McKay, T.A.; /Michigan U.; Koester, B.; /Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Wechsler, R.H.; /KIPAC, Menlo Park /SLAC /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Rozo, E.; /Ohio State U.; Evrard, A.; /Michigan U. /Michigan U., MCTP; Johnston, D.; /Caltech, JPL; Sheldon, E.; /New York U.; Annis, J.; /Fermilab; Lau, E.; /Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Nichol, R.; /Portsmouth U., ICG; Miller, C.; /Michigan U.
Lyman Alpha Flux Power Spectrum and Its Covariance
We analyze the flux power spectrum and its covariance using simulated Lyman alpha forests. We find that pseudo-hydro techniques are good approximations of hydrodynamical simulations at high redshift. However, the pseudo-hydro techniques fail at low redshift because they are insufficient for characterizing some components of the low-redshift intergalactic medium, notably the warm-hot intergalactic medium. Hence, to use the low-redshift Lyman alpha flux power spectrum to constrain cosmology, one would need realistic hydrodynamical simulations. By comparing one-dimensional mass statistics with flux statistics, we show that the nonlinear transform between density and flux quenches the fluctuations so that the flux power spectrum is much less sensitive to cosmological parameters than the one-dimensional mass power spectrum. The covariance of the flux power spectrum is nearly Gaussian. As such, the uncertainties of the underlying mass power spectrum could still be large, even though the flux power spectrum can be precisely determined from a small number of lines of sight.
Hu Zhan; Romeel Dave; Daniel Eisenstein; Neal Katz
Divertor Heat Flux Mitigation in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
Steady-state handling of divertor heat flux is a critical issue for both ITER and spherical torus-based devices with compact high power density divertors. Significant reduction of heat flux to the divertor plate has been achieved simultaneously with favorable core and pedestal confinement and stability properties in a highly-shaped lower single null configuration in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 2000] using high magnetic flux expansion at the divertor strike point and the radiative divertor technique. A partial detachment of the outer strike point was achieved with divertor deuterium injection leading to peak flux reduction from 4-6 MW m{sup -2} to 0.5-2 MW m{sup -2} in small-ELM 0.8-1.0 MA, 4-6 MW neutral beam injection-heated H-mode discharges. A self-consistent picture of outer strike point partial detachment was evident from divertor heat flux profiles and recombination, particle flux and neutral pressure measurements. Analytic scrape-off layer parallel transport models were used for interpretation of NSTX detachment experiments. The modeling showed that the observed peak heat flux reduction and detachment are possible with high radiated power and momentum loss fractions, achievable with divertor gas injection, and nearly impossible to achieve with main electron density, divertor neutral density or recombination increases alone.
Soukhanovskii, V A; Maingi, R; Gates, D A; Menard, J E; Paul, S F; Raman, R; Roquemore, A L; Bell, M G; Bell, R E; Boedo, J A; Bush, C E; Kaita, R; Kugel, H W; LeBlanc, B P; Mueller, D
Colour flux-tubes in static Pentaquark systems
The colour fields created by the static tetraquark and pentaquark systems are computed in quenched SU(3) lattice QCD, with gauge invariant lattice operators, in a 24^3 x 48 lattice at beta=6.2 . We generate our quenched configurations with GPUs, and detail the respective benchmanrks in different SU(N) groups. While at smaller distances the coulomb potential is expected to dominate, at larger distances it is expected that fundamental flux tubes, similar to the flux-tube between a quark and an antiquark, emerge and confine the quarks. In order to minimize the potential the fundamental flux tubes should connect at 120o angles. We compute the square of the colour fields utilizing plaquettes, and locate the static sources with generalized Wilson loops and with APE smearing. The tetraquark system is well described by a double-Y-shaped flux-tube, with two Steiner points, but when quark-antiquark pairs are close enough the two junctions collapse and we have an X-shaped flux-tube, with one Steiner point. The pentaquark system is well described by a three-Y-shaped flux-tube where the three flux the junctions are Steiner points.
Pedro Bicudo; Nuno Cardoso; Marco Cardoso
Materials Compatibility and Aging for Flux and Cleaner Combinations.
A materials study of high reliability electronics cleaning is presented here. In Phase 1, mixed type substrates underwent a condensed contaminants application to view a worst- case scenario for unremoved flux with cleaning agent residue for parts in a silicone oil filled environment. In Phase 2, fluxes applied to copper coupons and to printed wiring boards underwent gentle cleaning then accelerated aging in air at 65% humidity and 30 O C. Both sets were aged for 4 weeks. Contaminants were no-clean (ORL0), water soluble (ORH1 liquid and ORH0 paste), and rosin (RMA; ROL0) fluxes. Defluxing agents were water, solvents, and engineered aqueous defluxers. In the first phase, coupons had flux applied and heated, then were placed in vials of oil with a small amount of cleaning agent and additional coupons. In the second phase, pairs of copper coupons and PWB were hand soldered by application of each flux, using tin-lead solder in a strip across the coupon or a set of test components on the PWB. One of each pair was cleaned in each cleaning agent, the first with a typical clean, and the second with a brief clean. Ionic contamination residue was measured before accelerated aging. After aging, substrates were removed and a visual record of coupon damage made, from which a subjective rank was applied for comparison between the various flux and defluxer combinations; more corrosion equated to higher rank. The ORH1 water soluble flux resulted in the highest ranking in both phases, the RMA flux the least. For the first phase, in which flux and defluxer remained on coupons, the aqueous defluxers led to worse corrosion. The vapor phase cleaning agents resulted in the highest ranking in the second phase, in which there was no physical cleaning. Further study of cleaning and rinsing parameters will be required.
Archuleta, Kim; Piatt, Rochelle
Direct control of air gap flux in permanent magnet machines
A method and apparatus for field weakening in PM machines uses field weakening coils (35, 44, 45, 71, 72) to produce flux in one or more stators (34, 49, 63, 64), including a flux which counters flux normally produced in air gaps between the stator(s) (34, 49, 63, 64) and the rotor (20, 21, 41, 61) which carries the PM poles. Several modes of operation are introduced depending on the magnitude and polarity of current in the field weakening coils (35, 44, 45, 71, 72). The invention is particularly useful for, but not limited to, the electric vehicle drives and PM generators.
Hsu, John S. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Energy flux fluctuations in a finite volume of turbulent flow
The flux of turbulent kinetic energy from large to small spatial scales is measured in a small domain B of varying size R. The probability distribution function of the flux is obtained using a time-local version of Kolmogorov's four-fifths law. The measurements, made at a moderate Reynolds number, show frequent events where the flux is backscattered from small to large scales, their frequency increasing as R is decreased. The observations are corroborated by a numerical simulation based on the motion of many particles and on an explicit form of the eddy damping.
Mahesh Bandi; Walter Goldburg; John Cressman Jr.; Alain Pumir
Bounded limit for the Monte Carlo point-flux-estimator
In a Monte Carlo random walk the kernel K(R,E) is used as an expected value estimator at every collision for the collided flux phi/sub c/ r vector,E) at the detector point. A limiting value for the kernel is derived from a diffusion approximation for the probability current at a radius R/sub 1/ from the detector point. The variance of the collided flux at the detector point is thus bounded using this asymptotic form for K(R,E). The bounded point flux estimator is derived. (WHK)
Grimesey, R.A.
Solar Model Parameters and Direct Measurements of Solar Neutrino Fluxes
We explore a novel possibility of determining the solar model parameters, which serve as input in the calculations of the solar neutrino fluxes, by exploiting the data from direct measurements of the fluxes. More specifically, we use the rather precise value of the $^8B$ neutrino flux, $\\phi_B$ obtained from the global analysis of the solar neutrino and KamLAND data, to derive constraints on each of the solar model parameters on which $\\phi_B$ depends. We also use more precise values of $^7Be$ and $pp$ fluxes as can be obtained from future prospective data and discuss whether such measurements can help in reducing the uncertainties of one or more input parameters of the Standard Solar Model.
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay; Sandhya Choubey; Srubabati Goswami; S. T. Petcov
The Momentum flux in two-phase flow
The average momentum flux at a section of a pipe with twophase upflow has been measured by the impulse technique. Steamwater and air-water mixtures were tested in one-inch and onehalf inch nominal pipes. Homogeneous ...
Andeen, Gerry B.
Gas Flux Sampling At Dixie Valley Geothermal Area (Iovenitti...
of the geothermal area. Ultimately for potential development of EGS. Notes A CO2 soil gas flux survey was conducted in areas recognized as geothermal upflow zones within the...
Elevated carbon dioxide flux at the Dixie Valley geothermal field...
geothermal field. This paper reports results from accumulation-chamber measurements of soil CO2 flux from locations in the dead zone and stable isotope and chemical data on fluids...
affecting carbon fluxes: Topics by E-print Network
(IFN) (2 Paris-Sud XI, Universit de 43 High Heat Flux Erosion of Carbon Fibre Composite Materials in the TEXTOR Tokamak* Plasma Physics and Fusion Websites Summary: ,. 1. *...
New constraints on Northern Hemisphere growing season net flux
AL. : LARGER NORTH HEMISPHERE NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE L12807AL. : LARGER NORTH HEMISPHERE NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE Levin,Northern Hemisphere growing season net flux Z. Yang, 1 R. A.
Coherence characterization with a superconducting flux qubit through NMR approaches
This thesis discusses a series of experimental studies that investigate the coherence properties of a superconducting persistent-current or flux qubit, a promising candidate for developing a scalable quantum processor. A ...
Yan, Fei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Current sheets are ubiquitous in the solar wind. They are a major source of the solar wind MHD turbulence intermittency. They may result from nonlinear interactions of the solar wind MHD turbulence or are the boundaries of flux tubes that originate from the solar surface. Some current sheets appear in pairs and are the boundaries of transient structures such as magnetic holes and reconnection exhausts or the edges of pulsed Alfven waves. For an individual current sheet, discerning whether it is a flux-tube boundary or due to nonlinear interactions or the boundary of a transient structure is difficult. In this work, using data from the Wind spacecraft, we identify two three-current-sheet events. Detailed examination of these two events suggests that they are best explained by the flux-tube-crossing scenario. Our study provides convincing evidence supporting the scenario that the solar wind consists of flux tubes where distinct plasmas reside.
Arnold, L.; Li, G.; Li, X. [Department of Physics and CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 (United States)] [Department of Physics and CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 (United States); Yan, Y., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China)
atmospheric muon flux: Topics by E-print Network
I. Sarcevic 1997-10-15 9 Measurement of the atmospheric muon flux with the ANTARES detector CERN Preprints Summary: ANTARES is a submarine neutrino telescope deployed in the...
Determination of pool boiling Critical Heat Flux enhancement in nanofluids
Nanofluids are engineered colloids composed of nano-size particles dispersed in common fluids such as water or refrigerants. Using an electrically controlled wire heater, pool boiling Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of Alumina ...
Truong, Bao H. (Bao Hoai)
Effect of tensile strain on grain connectivity and flux pinning...
tensile strain on grain connectivity and flux pinning in Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x tapes D. C. van der Laan and J. W. Ekin National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder,...
Magnetic Flux Dynamics in Horizontally Cooled Superconducting Cavities
Previous studies on magnetic flux expulsion as a function of cooling details have been performed for superconducting niobium cavities with the cavity beam axis placed parallel respect to the helium cooling flow, and findings showed that for sufficient cooling thermogradients all magnetic flux could be expelled and very low residual resistance could be achieved. In this paper we investigate the flux trapping and its impact on radio frequency surface resistance when the resonators are positioned perpendicularly to the helium cooling flow, which is representative of how superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are cooled in an accelerator. We also extend the studies to different directions of applied magnetic field surrounding the resonator. Results show that in the cavity horizontal configuration there is a different impact of the various field components on the final surface resistance, and that several parameters have to be considered to understand flux dynamics. A newly discovered phenomenon of concent...
Martinello, M; Grassellino, A; Crawford, A C; Melnychuk, O; Romanenko, A; Sergatkov, D A
Reactor Neutrino Flux Uncertainty Suppression on Multiple Detector Experiments
This publication provides a coherent treatment for the reactor neutrino flux uncertainties suppression, specially focussed on the latest $\\theta_{13}$ measurement. The treatment starts with single detector in single reactor site, most relevant for all reactor experiments beyond $\\theta_{13}$. We demonstrate there is no trivial error cancellation, thus the flux systematic error can remain dominant even after the adoption of multi-detector configurations. However, three mechanisms for flux error suppression have been identified and calculated in the context of Double Chooz, Daya Bay and RENO sites. Our analysis computes the error {\\it suppression fraction} using simplified scenarios to maximise relative comparison among experiments. We have validated the only mechanism exploited so far by experiments to improve the precision of the published $\\theta_{13}$. The other two newly identified mechanisms could lead to total error flux cancellation under specific conditions and are expected to have major implications o...
Cucoanes, Andi; Cabrera, Anatael; Fallot, Muriel; Onillon, Anthony; Obolensky, Michel; Yermia, Frederic
The flux measure of influence in engineering networks
The objective of this project is to characterize the influence of individual nodes in complex networks. The flux metric developed here achieves this goal by considering the difference between the weighted outdegree and ...
Schwing, Kyle Michael
Model of critical heat flux in subcooled flow boiling
The physical phenomenon occurring before and at the critical heat flux (CHF) for subcooled flow boiling has been investigated. The first phase of this study established the basic nature of the flow structure at CHF. A ...
Fiori, Mario P.
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
Global sea-to-air flux climatology Ko, M. K. W. , Poulet,Global sea-to-air flux climatology Vogt, R. , Sander, R. ,sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane
Anthropogenic and Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Fluxes From Typical Land Uses in Houston, Texas
correlation with measured traffic counts collected on local thoroughfares. Due to a presumed small bias in the flux calculation methodology, neither flux contribution truly measured zero, so anthropogenic and biogenic �background� fluxes were calculated (0...
Werner, Nicholas D
Atomic oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase Ag/Ag2O deposition...
oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase AgAg2O deposition. Atomic oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase AgAg2O deposition. Abstract: The flux of atomic oxygen generated in a...
Design of a differential radiometer for atmospheric radiative flux measurements
The Hemispherical Optimized NEt Radiometer (HONER) is an instrument under development at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for deployment on an unmanned aerospace vehicle as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM/UAV) program. HONER is a differential radiometer which will measure the difference between the total upwelling and downwelling fluxes and is intended to provide a means of measuring the atmospheric radiative flux divergence. Unlike existing instruments which measure the upwelling and downwelling fluxes separately, HONER will achieve an optical difference by chopping the two fluxes alternately onto a common pyroelectric detector. HONER will provide data resolved into two spectral bands; one covering the solar dominated region from less than 0.4 micrometer to approximately 4.5 micrometers and the other covering the region from approximately 4.5 micrometers to greater than 50 micrometers, dominated by thermal radiation. The means of separating the spectral regions guarantees seamless summation to calculate the total flux. The fields-of-view are near-hemispherical, upward and downward. The instrument can be converted, in flight, from the differential mode to absolute mode, measuring the upwelling and downwelling fluxes separately and simultaneously. The instrument also features continuous calibration from on-board sources. We will describe the design and operation of the sensor head and the on-board reference sources as well as the means of deployment.
LaDelfe, P.C.; Weber, P.G.; Rodriguez, C.W.
Detecting gravity modes in the solar $^8B$ neutrino flux
The detection of gravity modes produced in the solar radiative zone has been a challenge in modern astrophysics for more than 30 yr and their amplitude in the core is not yet determined. In this Letter, we develop a new strategy to look for standing gravity modes through solar neutrino fluxes. We note that due to a resonance effect, the gravity modes of low degree and low order have the largest impact on the $^{8}B$ neutrino flux. The strongest effect is expected to occur for the dipole mode with radial order $2$, corresponding to periods of about 1.5 hr. These standing gravity waves produce temperature fluctuations that are amplified by a factor of 170 in the boron neutrino flux for the corresponding period, in consonance with the gravity modes. From current neutrino observations, we determine that the maximum temperature variation due to the gravity modes in the Sun's core is smaller than $5.8\\times 10^{-4}$. This study clearly shows that due to their high sensitivity to the temperature, the $^8B$ neutrino flux time series is an excellent tool to determine the properties of gravity modes in the solar core. Moreover, if gravity mode footprints are discovered in the $^{8}B$ neutrino flux, this opens a new line of research to probe the physics of the solar core as non-standing gravity waves of higher periods cannot be directly detected by helioseismology but could leave their signature on boron neutrino or on other neutrino fluxes.
Il�dio Lopes; Sylvaine Turck-Chi�ze
Modification of flux profiles using a faceted concentrator
The use of a faceted solar concentrator allows for some flexibility in aiming strategy and in the intensity of the resulting flux profile at the target. This can be an advantage when considering applications that do not necessarily require maximum concentration, particularly emerging, new applications in solar processed advanced materials. This paper will describe both an analysis of predicted flux profiles for several different aiming strategies using the SOLFUR computer code and experiments to characterize the actual flux profiles realized with a selected aiming strategy. The SOLFUR code models each of the furnace components explicitly. Aim points for each facet can be specified. Thus many strategies for adjusting aim points can be easily explored. One strategy calls for creating as uniform a flux over as large an area as possible. We explored this strategy analytically and experimentally. The experimental data consist of flux maps generated by a video imaging system calibrated against absolute flux measurements taken with circular foil calorimeters. Results from the analytical study and a comparison with the experimental data indicate that uniform profiles can be produced over fairly large areas.
Lewandowski, A; Scholl, K; Bingham, C
Field dynamics and tunneling in a flux landscape
We investigate field dynamics and tunneling between metastable minima in a landscape of Type IIB flux compactifications, utilizing monodromies of the complex structure moduli space to continuously connect flux vacua. After describing the generic features of a flux-induced potential for the complex structure and Type IIB axio-dilaton, we specialize to the Mirror Quintic Calabi--Yau to obtain an example landscape. Studying the cosmological dynamics of the complex structure moduli, we find that the potential generically does not support slow-roll inflation and that in general the landscape separates neatly into basins of attraction of the various minima. We then discuss tunneling, with the inclusion of gravitational effects, in many-dimensional field spaces. A set of constraints on the form of the Euclidean paths through field space are presented, and then applied to construct approximate instantons mediating the transition between de Sitter vacua in the flux landscape. We find that these instantons are generically thick-wall and that the tunneling rate is suppressed in the large-volume limit. We also consider examples where supersymmetry is not broken by fluxes, in which case near-BPS thin-wall bubbles can be constructed. We calculate the bubble wall tension, finding that it scales like a D- or NS-brane bubble, and comment on the implications of this correspondence. Finally, we present a brief discussion of eternal inflation in the flux-landscape.
Matthew C Johnson; Magdalena Larfors
On the Chaotic Flux Dynamics in a Long Josephson Junction
Flux dynamics in an annular long Josephson junction is studied. Three main topics are covered. The first is chaotic flux dynamics and its prediction via Melnikov integrals. It turns out that DC current bias cannot induce chaotic flux dynamics, while AC current bias can. The existence of a common root to the Melnikov integrals is a necessary condition for the existence of chaotic flux dynamics. The second topic is on the components of the global attractor and the bifurcation in the perturbation parameter measuring the strength of loss, bias and irregularity of the junction. The global attractor can contain co-existing local attractors e.g. a local chaotic attractor and a local regular attractor. In the infinite dimensional phase space setting, the bifurcation is very complicated. Chaotic attractors can appear and disappear in a random fashion. Three types of attractors (chaos, breather, spatially uniform and temporally periodic attractor) are identified. The third topic is ratchet effect. Ratchet effect can be achieved by a current bias field which corresponds to an asymmetric potential, in which case the flux dynamics is ever lasting chaotic. When the current bias field corresponds to a symmetric potential, the flux dynamics is often transiently chaotic, in which case the ratchet effect disappears after sufficiently long time.
Z. C. Feng; Y. Charles Li
E-Print Network 3.0 - atp synthetic flux Sample Search Results
flux Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: atp synthetic flux Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
is perfectly conducting (R 0) , the well-known electrodynamic result of flux (LI) conservation is obtained. Under this condition the conservation of flux leads to the result:...
Etalon-induced Baseline Drift And Correction In Atom Flux Sensors...
Etalon-induced Baseline Drift And Correction In Atom Flux Sensors Based On Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Etalon-induced Baseline Drift And Correction In Atom Flux Sensors Based...
Optimization of superconducting flux qubit readout using near-quantum-limited amplifiers
junctions . . . . . . . 1.4 Superconducting QuantumInterference 1.5 Superconducting qubits . . . . . . . . .2 Superconducting flux qubits 2.1 The one-junction flux
Johnson, Jedediah Edward Jensen
E-Print Network 3.0 - au flux diffus Sample Search Results
chauffage (Fig. l), le flux... lumineux diffus diminue au lieu d'augmenter. Temperature (OC) FIG. 1. -Etude du flux lumineux diffus par... ternaire perpendiculaire au...
Characterizing the combustion behaviors of energetic materials requires diagnostic tools that are often not readily or commercially available. For example, a jet of thermite spray provides a high temperature and pressure reaction that can also be highly corrosive and promote undesirable conditions for the survivability of any sensor. Developing a diagnostic to quantify heat flux from a thermite spray is the objective of this study. Quick response sensors such as thin film heat flux sensors can not survive the harsh conditions of the spray, but more rugged sensors lack the response time for the resolution desired. A sensor that will allow for adequate response time while surviving the entire test duration was constructed. The sensor outputs interior temperatures of the probes at known locations and utilizes an inverse heat conduction code to calculate heat flux values. The details of this device are discussed and illustrated. Temperature and heat flux measurements of various thermite spray conditions are reported. Results indicate that this newly developed energetic material heat flux sensor provides quantitative data with good repeatability.
Eric Nixon; Michelle Pantoya
Downstream Heat Flux Profile vs. Midplane T Profile in Tokamaks
The relationship between the midplane scrape-off-layer electron temperature profile and the parallel heat flux profile at the divertor in tokamaks is investigated. A model is applied which takes into account anisotropic thermal diffusion, in a rectilinear geometry with constant density. Eigenmode analysis is applied to the simplified problem with constant thermal diffusivities. A self-similar nonlinear solution is found for the more realistic problem with anisotropically temperature-dependent thermal diffusivities. Numerical solutions are developed for both cases, with spatially dependent heat flux emerging from the plasma. For both constant and temperature-dependent thermal diffusivities it is found that, below about one-half of its peak, the heat flux profile shape at the divertor, compared with the midplane temperature profile shape, is robustly described by the simplest two-point model. However the physical processes are not those assumed in the simplest two-point model, nor is the numerical coefficient relating q||div to Tmp ?||mp/L|| as predicted. For realistic parameters the peak in the heat flux, moreover, can be reduced by a factor of two or more from the two-point model scaling which fits the remaining profile. For temperature profiles in the SOL region above the x-point set by marginal stability, the heat flux profile to the divertor can be largely decoupled from the prediction of the two-point model. These results suggest caveats for data interpretation, and possibly favorable outcomes for divertor configurations with extended field lines.
Robert J. Goldston
The Dynamics of Flux Tubes in a High Beta Plasma
We suggest a new model for the structure of a magnetic field embedded high $\\beta$ turbulent plasma, based on the popular notion that the magnetic field will tend to separate into individual flux tubes. We point out that interactions between the flux tubes will be dominated by coherent effects stemming from the turbulent wakes created as the fluid streams by the flux tubes. Balancing the attraction caused by shielding effects with turbulent diffusion we find that flux tubes have typical radii comparable to the local Mach number squared times the large scale eddy length, are arranged in a one dimensional fractal pattern, have a radius of curvature comparable to the largest scale eddies in the turbulence, and have an internal magnetic pressure comparable to the ambient pressure. When the average magnetic energy density is much less than the turbulent energy density the radius, internal magnetic field and curvature scale of the flux tubes will be smaller than these estimates. Realistic resistivity does not alter the macroscopic properties of the fluid or the large scale magnetic field. In either case we show that the Sweet-Parker reconnection rate is much faster than an eddy turnover time. Realistic stellar plasmas are expected to either be in the ideal limit (e.g. the solar photosphere) or the resistive limit (most of the solar convection zone). All current numerical simulations of three dimensional MHD turbulence are in the viscous regime and are inapplicable to stars or accretion disks.
E. T. Vishniac
Countercurrent flow limited (CCFL) heat flux in the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) fuel element
The countercurrent flow (CCF) performance in the fuel element region of the HFIR is examined experimentally and theoretically. The fuel element consists of two concentric annuli filled with aluminum clad fuel plates of 1.27 mm thickness separated by 1.27 mm flow channels. The plates are curved as they go radially outward to accomplish constant flow channel width and constant metal-to-coolant ratio. A full-scale HFIR fuel element mock-up is studied in an adiabatic air-water CCF experiment. A review of CCF models for narrow channels is presented along with the treatment of CCFs in system of parallel channels. The experimental results are related to the existing models and a mechanistic model for the annular'' CCF in a narrow channel is developed that captures the data trends well. The results of the experiment are used to calculate the CCFL heat flux of the HFIR fuel assembly. It was determined that the HFIR fuel assembly can reject 0.62 Mw of thermal power in the CCFL situation. 31 refs., 17 figs.
Ruggles, A.E.
Advancements in the ADAPT Photospheric Flux Transport Model
Maps of the solar photospheric magnetic flux are fundamental drivers for simulations of the corona and solar wind which makes photospheric simulations important predictors of solar events on Earth. However, observations of the solar photosphere are only made intermittently over small regions of the solar surface. The Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) model uses localized ensemble Kalman filtering techniques to adjust a set of photospheric simulations to agree with the available observations. At the same time this information is propagated to areas of the simulation that have not been observed. ADAPT implements a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) to accomplish data assimilation, allowing the covariance structure of the flux transport model to influence assimilation of photosphere observations while eliminating spurious correlations between ensemble members arising from a limited ensemble size. We give a detailed account of the ADAPT model and the implementation of the LETKF. Advantages of the LETKF scheme over previously implemented assimilation methods are highlighted.
Kyle S. Hickmann; Humberto C. Godinez; Carl J. Henney; C. Nick Arge
Primary Cosmic Ray Proton Flux Measured by AMS-02
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle detector designed to study origin and nature of cosmic rays up to a few TV from space. It was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) on May 19, 2011. During the first two years of operation AMS-02 performed precise measurements of the proton flux. In the low rigidity range, from 1 GV to 20 GV, the proton flux was daily measured with a statistical error less than 1%. In the same rigidity range a gradual decrease due to Solar modulation effect and transit variations due to Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejection were also observed. In the rigidity range from 20 GV up to 100 GV instead, AMS-02 data show no drastic variation and the results are consistent with other experiments. Above 100 GV, AMS-02 proton flux exhibits a single power low behavior with no fine structures nor brakes.
C. Consolandi; on Behalf of the AMS-02 Collaboration
Type II superconductivity and magnetic flux transport in neutrons stars
The transition to a type II proton superconductor which is believed to occur in a cooling neutron star is accompanied by changes in the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium and by the formation of proton vortices with quantized magnetic flux. Analysis of the electron Boltzmann equation for this system and of the proton supercurrent distribution formed at the transition leads to the derivation of a simple expression for the transport velocity of magnetic flux in the liquid interior of a neutron star. This shows that flux moves easily as a consequence of the interaction between neutron and proton superfluid vortices during intervals of spin-down or spin-up in binary systems. The differences between the present analysis and those of previous workers are reviewed and an error in the paper of Jones (1991) is corrected.
P. B. Jones
Remote high-temperature insulatorless heat-flux gauge
A remote optical heat-flux gauge for use in extremely high temperature environments is described. This application is possible because of the use of thermographic phosphors as the sensing media, and the omission of the need for an intervening layer of insulator between phosphor layers. The gauge has no electrical leads, but is interrogated with ultraviolet or laser light. The luminescence emitted by the two phosphor layers, which is indicative of the temperature of the layers, is collected and analyzed in order to determine the heat flux incident on the surface being investigated. The two layers of thermographic phosphor must be of different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. Spatial heat-flux measurements can be made by scanning the light across the surface of the gauge. 3 figures.
Noel, B.W.
A remote optical heat-flux gauge for use in extremely high temperature environments is described. This application is possible because of the use of thermographic phosphors as the sensing media, and the omission of the need for an intervening layer of insulator between phosphor layers. The gauge has no electrical leads, but is interrogated with ultraviolet or laser light. The luminescence emitted by the two phosphor layers, which is indicative of the temperature of the layers, is collected and analyzed in order to determine the heat flux incident on the surface being investigated. The two layers of thermographic phosphor must be of different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. Spatial heat-flux measurements can be made by scanning the light across the surface of the gauge.
Noel, Bruce W. (Espanola, NM)
Uncertainty of calorimeter measurements at NREL's high flux solar furnace
The uncertainties of the calorimeter and concentration measurements at the High Flux Solar Furnace (HFSF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are discussed. Two calorimeter types have been used to date. One is an array of seven commercially available circular foil calorimeters (gardon or heat flux gages) for primary concentrator peak flux (up to 250 W/cm{sup 2}). The second is a cold-water calorimeter designed and built by the University of Chicago to measure the average exit power of the reflective compound parabolic secondary concentrator used at the HFSF (over 3.3 kW across a 1.6cm{sup {minus}2} exit aperture, corresponding to a flux of about 2 kW/cm{sup 2}). This paper discussed the uncertainties of the calorimeter and pyrheliometer measurements and resulting concentration calculations. The measurement uncertainty analysis is performed according to the ASME/ANSI standard PTC 19.1 (1985). Random and bias errors for each portion of the measurement are analyzed. The results show that as either the power or the flux is reduced, the uncertainties increase. Another calorimeter is being designed for a new, refractive secondary which will use a refractive material to produce a higher average flux (5 kW/cm{sup 2}) than the reflective secondary. The new calorimeter will use a time derivative of the fluid temperature as a key measurement of the average power out of the secondary. A description of this calorimeter and test procedure is also presented, along with a pre-test estimate of major sources of uncertainty. 8 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
Bingham, C.E.
This publication provides a coherent treatment for the reactor neutrino flux uncertainties suppression, specially focussed on the latest $\\theta_{13}$ measurement. The treatment starts with single detector in single reactor site, most relevant for all reactor experiments beyond $\\theta_{13}$. We demonstrate there is no trivial error cancellation, thus the flux systematic error can remain dominant even after the adoption of multi-detector configurations. However, three mechanisms for flux error suppression have been identified and calculated in the context of Double Chooz, Daya Bay and RENO sites. Our analysis computes the error {\\it suppression fraction} using simplified scenarios to maximise relative comparison among experiments. We have validated the only mechanism exploited so far by experiments to improve the precision of the published $\\theta_{13}$. The other two newly identified mechanisms could lead to total error flux cancellation under specific conditions and are expected to have major implications on the global $\\theta_{13}$ knowledge today. First, Double Chooz, in its final configuration, is the only experiment benefiting from a negligible reactor flux error due to a $\\sim$90\\% geometrical suppression. Second, Daya Bay and RENO could benefit from their partial geometrical cancellation, yielding a potential $\\sim$50\\% error suppression, thus significantly improving the global $\\theta_{13}$ precision today. And third, we illustrate the rationale behind further error suppression upon the exploitation of the inter-reactor error correlations, so far neglected. So, our publication is a key step forward in the context of high precision neutrino reactor experiments providing insight on the suppression of their intrinsic flux error uncertainty, thus affecting past and current experimental results, as well as the design of future experiments.
Andi Cucoanes; Pau Novella; Anatael Cabrera; Muriel Fallot; Anthony Onillon; Michel Obolensky; Frederic Yermia
The effects of orientation angle, subcooling, heat flux, mass flux, and pressure on bubble growth and detachment in subcooled flow boiling
The effects of orientation angle, subcooling, heat flux, mass flux, and pressure on bubble growth and detachment in subcooled flow boiling were studied using a high-speed video camera in conjunction with a two-phase flow ...
Sugrue, Rosemary M
Improved approximate formulas for flux from cylindrical and rectangular sources
This report provides two new approximate formulas for the flux at detector points outside the radial and axial extensions of a homogeneous cylindrical source and improved approximate formulas for the flux at points opposite rectangular surface sources. These formulas extend the range of geometries for which analytic approximations may be used by shield design engineers to make rapid scoping studies and check more extensive calculations for reasonableness. These formulas can be used to support skeptical, independent evaluations and are also valuable teaching tools for introducing shield designers to complex shield analyses.
Wallace, O.J.; Bokharee, S.A.
A Novel Detector for High Neutron Flux Measurements
Measuring alpha particles from a neutron induced break-up reaction with a mass spectrometer can be an excellent tool for detecting neutrons in a high neutron flux environment. Break-up reactions of {sup 6}Li and {sup 12}C can be used in the detection of slow and fast neutrons, respectively. A high neutron flux detection system that integrates the neutron energy sensitive material and helium mass spectrometer has been developed. The description of the detector configuration is given and it is soon to be tested at iThemba LABS, South Africa.
Singo, T. D.; Wyngaardt, S. M. [Department of Physics, University of Stellenbosch, Private bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch (South Africa); Papka, P. [Department of Physics, University of Stellenbosch, Private bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch (South Africa); Nuclear Physics group, iThemba labs, P. O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129 (South Africa); Dobson, R. T. [Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch (South Africa)
Development of a passive soil gas flux sampler
DEVELOPMENT OF A PASSIVE SOIL GAS FLUX SAMPLER A Thesis by BRIAN C. McQUOWN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1991... Major Subject: Civil Engineering DEVELOPMENT OF A PASSIVE SOIL GAS FLUX SAMPLER A Thesis by BRIAN C. McQUOWN Approved as to style and content by: Stuart A. a terman (Co-chair of Committee) Andrew . cFa land (Member) Bill Batchelor (Co...
McQuown, Brian C
Fluctuations of energy flux in wave turbulence Eric Falcon,1
Fluctuations of energy flux in wave turbulence ´Eric Falcon,1 S´ebastien Auma^itre,2 Claudio Falc gravity and capillary wave turbulence in a statistically stationary regime displays fluctuations much interactions transfer kinetic energy toward small scales where viscous dissipation takes place
Falcon, Eric
AHR 3/16/06 Equilibrium Flux Surface Calculations
preserved, with no flattening in edge stochastic region. · Assume zero net current (00 = 0). #12;#12;2 AHR 31 AHR 3/16/06 Equilibrium Flux Surface Calculations for W7AS and NCSX A. Reiman1, M. Zarnstorff1, D resonant magnetic field near plasma edge. Coil calculated to have little effect on rotational transform
Hudson, Stuart
Self-field and magnetic-flux quantum mechanics
Self-field and quantized magnetic-flux are employed to generate the quantum numbers n, m, and l of atomic physics. Wave-particle duality is shown to be a natural outcome of having a particle and its self-field.
Paul Harris
4, 28772914, 2007 Air-sea O2 flux
Variability in air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes and its impact on atmospheric potential oxygen (APO 2 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA 2 Dept. of Marine Chemistry-friendly Version Interactive Discussion EGU Abstract A three dimensional, time-evolving field of atmospheric
Solar Neutrino Fluxes Using The Exponential S-Factor
Recently we propose an exponential form for the astrophysical S-factor. This form produces about 20% more solar 3He production through the 3He-3He reaction. In this note, we investigate the effects on the 7Be and 8B neutrino productions since the neutrino fluxes depend on the 3He abundance.
Kassim, Hasan Abu; Jalil, Ithnin Abdul; Yusof, Norhasliza [Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Sediment permeability, distribution, and influence on fluxes in oceanic basement
6 Sediment permeability, distribution, and influence on fluxes in oceanic basement Glenn A. Spinelli, Emily R. Giambalvo, and Andrew T. Fisher 6.1 Introduction Sediments blanketing oceanic igneous basement rocks control the communication between fluid within the crust and the oceans. Seafloor sediments
Fisher, Andrew
Analytical model for flux saturation in sediment transport
The transport of sediment by a fluid along the surface is responsible for dune formation, dust entrainment and for a rich diversity of patterns on the bottom of oceans, rivers, and planetary surfaces. Most previous models of sediment transport have focused on the equilibrium (or saturated) particle flux. However, the morphodynamics of sediment landscapes emerging due to surface transport of sediment is controlled by situations out-of-equilibrium. In particular, it is controlled by the saturation length characterizing the distance it takes for the particle flux to reach a new equilibrium after a change in flow conditions. The saturation of mass density of particles entrained into transport and the relaxation of particle and fluid velocities constitute the main relevant relaxation mechanisms leading to saturation of the sediment flux. Here we present a theoretical model for sediment transport which, for the first time, accounts for both these relaxation mechanisms and for the different types of sediment entrainment prevailing under different environmental conditions. Our analytical treatment allows us to derive a closed expression for the saturation length of sediment flux, which is general and can thus be applied under different physical conditions.
T. P�htz; E. J. R. Parteli; J. F. Kok; H. J. Herrmann
Magnetic and Electric Flux Quanta: the Pion Mass
The angular momentum of the magnetic flux quantum is balanced by that of the associated supercurrent, such that in condensed matter the resultant angular momentum is zero. The notion of a flux quantum in free space is not so simple, needing both magnetic and electric flux quanta to propagate the stable dynamic structure of the photon. Considering these flux quanta at the scale where quantum field theory becomes essential, at the scale defined by the reduced Compton wavelength of the electron, exposes variants of a paradox that apparently has not been addressed in the literature. Leaving the paradox unresolved in this note, reasonable electromagnetic rationales are presented that permit to calculate the masses of the electron, muon, pion, and nucleon with remarkable accuracy. The calculated mass of the electron is correct at the nine significant digit limit of experimental accuracy, the muon at a part in one thousand, the pion at two parts in ten thousand, and the nucleon at seven parts in one hundred thousand. The accuracy of the pion and nucleon mass calculations reinforces the unconventional common notion that the strong force is electromagnetic in origin.
P Cameron
CRAD, Engineering- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor
A section of Appendix C to DOE G 226.1-2 "Federal Line Management Oversight of Department of Energy Nuclear Facilities." Consists of Criteria Review and Approach Documents (CRADs) used for a February 2007 assessment of the Engineering Program in preparation for restart of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor.
CRAD, Maintenance- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor
A section of Appendix C to DOE G 226.1-2 "Federal Line Management Oversight of Department of Energy Nuclear Facilities." Consists of Criteria Review and Approach Documents (CRADs) used for a February 2007 assessment of the Maintenance Program in preparation for restart of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor.
CRAD, Training- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor
A section of Appendix C to DOE G 226.1-2 "Federal Line Management Oversight of Department of Energy Nuclear Facilities." Consists of Criteria Review and Approach Documents (CRADs) used for a February 2007 assessment of the Training Program in preparation for restart of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor.
Section 2: Solar Energy Flux Variations H. S. Hudson
Section 2: Solar Energy Flux Variations H. S. Hudson Space Sciences Laboratory, University discuss this subject. We might also note for completeness the neutrino energy loss from the solar core of California, Berkeley The chapters in this section of the monograph deal with the basic raw material of solar
Hudson, Hugh
the assumption of an isotropic gray-body Earth and isotropic reflecting TOA shortwave (SW) radiation. It is shown entropy flux can be improved by relaxing the commonly used Lambertian assumption. __________ NOTICE- 98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript
Confinement and the Short Type I' Flux Tube
We show that the recent world-sheet analysis of the quantum fluctuations of a short flux tube in type II string theory leads to a simple and precise description of a pair of stuck D0branes in an orientifold compactification of the type I' string theory. The existence of a stable type I' flux tube of sub-string-scale length is a consequence of the confinement of quantized flux associated with the scalar dualized ten-form background field strength *F_{10}, evidence for a -2brane in the BPS spectrum of M theory. Using heterotic-type I duality, we infer the existence of an M2brane of finite width O(\\sqrt{\\alpha'}) in M-theory, the strong coupling resolution of a spacetime singularity in the D=9 twisted and toroidally compactified E_8 x E_8 heterotic string. This phenomenon has a bosonic string analog in the existence of a stable short electric flux tube arising from the confinement of photons due to tachyon field dynamics. The appendix clarifies the appearance of nonperturbative states and enhanced gauge symmetry in toroidal compactifications of the type I' string. We account for all of the known disconnected components of the moduli space of theories with sixteen supercharges, in striking confirmation of heterotic-type I duality.
Shyamoli Chaudhuri
Laboratory experiments show a linear relationship between the total heat flux from a water surface to air and the standard deviation of the surface temperature field, {sigma}, derived from thermal images of the water surface over a range of heat fluxes from 400 to 1800 Wm{sup -2}. Thermal imagery and surface data were collected at two power plant cooling lakes to determine if the laboratory relationship between heat flux and {sigma} exists in large heated bodies of water. The heat fluxes computed from the cooling lake data range from 200 to 1400 Wm{sup -2}. The linear relationship between {sigma} and Q is evident in the cooling lake data, but it is necessary to apply band pass filtering to the thermal imagery to remove camera artifacts and non-convective thermal gradients. The correlation between {sigma} and Q is improved if a correction to the measured {sigma} is made that accounts for wind speed effects on the thermal convection. Based on more than a thousand cooling lake images, the correlation coefficients between {sigma} and Q ranged from about 0.8 to 0.9.
Garrett, A; Eliel Villa-Aleman, E; Robert Kurzeja, R; Malcolm Pendergast, M; Timothy Brown, T; Saleem Salaymeh, S
Extracting the Green's function from measurements of the energy flux
Extracting the Green's function from measurements of the energy flux Roel Sniedera) Center for Wave, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Existing methods for Green's function extraction give the Green's function from the correlation of field fluctuations recorded at those points
Snieder, Roel
CRAD, Management- Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor
A section of Appendix C to DOE G 226.1-2 "Federal Line Management Oversight of Department of Energy Nuclear Facilities." Consists of Criteria Review and Approach Documents (CRADs) used for a February 2007 assessment of the Management in preparation for restart of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor.
Quantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations
, with considerable spatial and temporal variability, resulting in a global annual total of 0.1 Tg C/yr. Air vegetation [Guenther et al., 1995], with the tropics responsible for most of the global annual total ($500 TgQuantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations Paul I. Palmer
Palmer, Paul
Estimating terrestrial uranium and thorium by antineutrino flux measurements
of uranium and thorium concentrations in geological reservoirs relies largely on geochemi- cal modelEstimating terrestrial uranium and thorium by antineutrino flux measurements Stephen T. Dye, and approved November 16, 2007 (received for review July 11, 2007) Uranium and thorium within the Earth produce
Mcdonough, William F.
The role of trace gas flux networks in biogeosciences
Vast networks of meteorological sensors ring the globe, providing continuous measurements of an array of atmospheric state variables such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and the concentration of carbon dioxide [New etal., 1999; Tans etal., 1996]. These measurements provide input to weather and climate models and are key to detecting trends in climate, greenhouse gases, and air pollution. Yet to understand how and why these atmospheric state variables vary in time and space, biogeoscientists need to know where, when, and at what rates important gases are flowing between the land and the atmosphere. Tracking trace gas fluxes provides information on plant or microbial metabolism and climate-ecosystem interactions. The existence of trace gas flux networks is a relatively new phenomenon, dating back to research in 1984. The first gas flux measurement networks were regional in scope and were designed to track pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitric acid, and nitrogen dioxide. Atmospheric observations and model simulations were used to infer the depositional rates of these hazardous chemicals [Fowler etal., 2009; Meyers etal., 1991]. In the late 1990s, two additional trace gas flux measurement networks emerged. One, the United States Trace Gas Network (TRAGNET), was a short-lived effort that measured trace gas emissions from the soil and plants with chambers distributed throughout the country [Ojima etal., 2000]. The other, FLUXNET, was an international endeavor that brought many regional networks together to measure the fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sensible heat exchange with the eddy covariance technique [Baldocchi etal., 2001]. FLUXNET, which remains active today, currently includes more than 400 tower sites, dispersed across most of the world's climatic zones and biomes, with sites in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. More recently, several specialized networks have emerged, including networks dedicated to urban areas (Urban Fluxnet), nitrogen compounds in Europe (NitroEurope), and methane (MethaneNet). Technical Aspects of Flux Networks Eddy covariance flux measurements are the preferred method by which biogeoscientists measure trace gas exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere [Baldocchi, 2003].
Baldocch, Dennis [Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley,; Reichstein, Markus [Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Papale, D. [University of Tuscia; KOTEEN, LAURIE [University of California, Berkeley; VARGAS, RODRIGO [Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education (CICESE); Agarwal, D.A [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Cook, Robert B [ORNL
High Flux Metallic Membranes for Hydrogen Recovery and Membrane Reactors
We made and tested over 250 new alloys for use as lower cost, higher flux hydrogen extraction membrane materials. Most of these were intermetallic, or contained significant intermetallic content, particularly based on B2 alloy compositions with at least one refractory component; B2 intermetallics resemble BCC alloys, in structure, but the atoms have relatively fixed positions, with one atom at the corners of the cube, the other at the centers. The target materals we were looking for would contain little or no expensive elements, no strongly toxic or radioactive elements, would have high flux to hydrogen, while being fabricable, brazable, and relatively immune to hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion in operation. The best combination of properties of the membrane materials we developed was, in my opinion, a Pd-coated membrane consisting of V -9 atomic % Pd. This material was relatively cheap, had 5 times the flux of Pd under the same pressure differential, was reasonably easy to fabricate and braze, and not bad in terms of embrittlement. Based on all these factors we project, about 1/3 the cost of Pd, on an area basis for a membrane designed to last 20 years, or 1/15 the cost on a flux basis. Alternatives to this membrane replaced significant fractions of the Pd with Ni and or Co. The cost for these membranes was lower, but so was the flux. We produced successful brazed products from the membrane materials, and made them into flat sheets. We tested, unsuccessfully, several means of fabricating thematerials into tubes, and eventually built a membrane reactor using a new, flat-plate design: a disc and doughnut arrangement, a design that seems well- suited to clean hydrogen production from coal. The membranes and reactor were tested successfully at Western Research. A larger equipment company (Chart Industries) produced similar results using a different flat-plate reactor design. Cost projections of the membrane are shown to be attractive.
Buxbaum, Robert
Method of fission heat flux determination from experimental data
A method is provided for determining the fission heat flux of a prime specimen inserted into a specimen of a test reactor. A pair of thermocouple test specimens are positioned at the same level in the holder and a determination is made of various experimental data including the temperature of the thermocouple test specimens, the temperature of bulk water channels located in the test holder, the gamma scan count ratios for the thermocouple test specimens and the prime specimen, and the thicknesses of the outer clads, the fuel fillers, and the backclad of the thermocouple test specimen. Using this experimental data, the absolute value of the fission heat flux for the thermocouple test specimens and prime specimen can be calculated.
Paxton, Frank A. (Schenectady, NY)
Predicting low-frequency radio fluxes of known extrasolar planets
Context. Close-in giant extrasolar planets (''Hot Jupiters'') are believed to be strong emitters in the decametric radio range. Aims. We present the expected characteristics of the low-frequency magnetospheric radio emission of all currently known extrasolar planets, including the maximum emission frequency and the expected radio flux. We also discuss the escape of exoplanetary radio emission from the vicinity of its source, which imposes additional constraints on detectability. Methods. We compare the different predictions obtained with all four existing analytical models for all currently known exoplanets. We also take care to use realistic values for all input parameters. Results. The four different models for planetary radio emission lead to very different results. The largest fluxes are found for the magnetic energy model, followed by the CME model and the kinetic energy model (for which our results are found to be much less optimistic than those of previous studies). The unipolar interaction model does ...
Grie�meier, J -M; Spreeuw, H
Vorticity Preserving Flux Corrected Transport Scheme for the Acoustic Equations
Long term research goals are to develop an improved cell-centered Lagrangian Hydro algorithm with the following qualities: 1. Utilizes Flux Corrected Transport (FCT) to achieve second order accuracy with multidimensional physics; 2. Does not rely on the one-dimensional Riemann problem; and 3. Implements a form of vorticity control. Short term research goals are to devise and implement a 2D vorticity preserving FCT solver for the acoustic equations on an Eulerian mesh: 1. Develop a flux limiting mechanism for systems of governing equations with symmetric wave speeds; 2. Verify the vorticity preserving properties of the scheme; and 3. Compare the performance of the scheme to traditional MUSCL-Hancock and other algorithms.
Lung, Tyler B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Roe, Phil [University of Michigan; Morgan, Nathaniel R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Traveling-wave device with mass flux suppression
A traveling-wave device is provided with the conventional moving pistons eliminated. Acoustic energy circulates in a direction through a fluid within a torus. A side branch may be connected to the torus for transferring acoustic energy into or out of the torus. A regenerator is located in the torus with a first heat exchanger located on a first side of the regenerator downstream of the regenerator relative to the direction of the circulating acoustic energy; and a second heat exchanger located on an upstream side of the regenerator. The improvement is a mass flux suppressor located in the torus to minimize time-averaged mass flux of the fluid. In one embodiment, the device further includes a thermal buffer column in the torus to thermally isolate the heat exchanger that is at the operating temperature of the device.
Swift, Gregory W. (Santa Fe, NM); Backhaus, Scott N. (Los Alamos, NM); Gardner, David L. (White Rock, NM)
Superconducting and Spinning Non-Abelian Flux Tubes
We find new non-Abelian flux tube solutions in a model of $N_f$ scalar fields in the fundamental representation of SU(N)xU(1) with $N \\leq N_f$ (the ``extended non-Abelian Higgs model''), and study their main properties. Among the solutions there are spinning strings as well as superconducting ones. The solutions exist only in a non trivial domain of the parameter space defined by the ratio between the SU(N) and U(1) coupling constants, the scalar self-interaction coupling constants, the magnetic fluxes (Abelian as well as non-Abelian) and the ``twist parameter'' which is a non-trivial relative phase of the Higgs fields.
Y. Brihaye; Y. Verbin
FLUXCAP: A flux-coupled ac/dc magnetizing device
We report on an instrument for applying ac and dc magnetic fields by capturing the flux from a rotating permanent magnet and projecting it between two adjustable pole pieces. This can be an alternative to standard electromagnets for experiments with small samples or in probe stations in which an applied magnetic field is needed locally, with advantages that include a compact form-factor, very low power requirements and dissipation as well as fast field sweep rates. This flux capture instrument (FLUXCAP) can produce fields from -400 to +400 mT, with field resolution less than 1 mT. It generates static magnetic fields as well as ramped fields, with ramping rates as high as 10 T/s. We demonstrate the use of this apparatus for studying the magnetotransport properties of spin-valve nanopillars, a nanoscale device that exhibits giant magnetoresistance.
Gopman, Daniel B; Kent, Andrew D
The flux-injection hypothesis for driving coronal mass ejections (CMEs) requires the transport of substantial magnetic energy and helicity flux through the photosphere concomitant with the eruption. Under the magnetohydrodynamics approximation, these fluxes are produced by twisting magnetic field and/or flux emergence in the photosphere. A CME trajectory, observed 2000 September 12 and fitted with a flux-rope model, constrains energy and helicity budgets for testing the flux-injection hypothesis. Optimal velocity profiles for several driving scenarios are estimated by minimizing the photospheric plasma velocities for a cylindrically symmetric flux-rope magnetic field subject to the flux budgets required by the flux-rope model. Ideal flux injection, involving only flux emergence, requires hypersonic upflows in excess of the solar escape velocity 617 km s{sup -1} over an area of 6 x 10{sup 8} km{sup 2} to satisfy the energy and helicity budgets of the flux-rope model. These estimates are compared with magnetic field and Doppler measurements from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager on 2000 September 12 at the footpoints of the CME. The observed Doppler signatures are insufficient to account for the required energy and helicity budgets of the flux-injection hypothesis.
Schuck, P. W., E-mail: email@example.com [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Room 250, Building 21 Space Weather Laboratory, Code 674, Heliophysics Science Division, 8801 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Fusion Rules in Turbulent Systems with Flux Equilibrium
Fusion rules in turbulence specify the analytic structure of many-point correlation functions of the turbulent field when a group of coordinates coalesce. We show that the existence of flux equilibrium in fully developed turbulent systems combined with a direct cascade induces universal fusion rules. In certain examples these fusion rules suffice to compute the multiscaling exponents exactly, and in other examples they give rise to an infinite number of scaling relations that constrain enormously the structure of the allowed theory.
Victor L'vov; Itamar Procaccia
Refined topological amplitudes in N=1 flux compactification
We study the implication of refined topological string amplitudes in the supersymmetric N=1 flux compactification. They generate higher derivative couplings among the vector multiplets and graviphoton with generically non-holomorphic moduli dependence. For a particular term, we can compute them by assuming the geometric engineering. We claim that the Dijkgraaf-Vafa large N matrix model with the beta-ensemble measure directly computes the higher derivative corrections to the supersymmetric effective action of the supersymmetric N=1$ gauge theory.
Yu Nakayama
Measuring the Magnetic Flux Density in the CMS Steel Yoke
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose detector, designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6-m-diameter by 12.5-m-length free bore, enclosed inside a 10000-ton return yoke made of construction steel. The return yoke consists of five dodecagonal three-layered barrel wheels and four end-cap disks at each end comprised of steel blocks up to 620 mm thick, which serve as the absorber plates of the muon detection system. Accurate characterization of the magnetic field everywhere in the CMS detector is required. To measure the field in and around the steel, a system of 22 flux-loops and 82 3-D Hall sensors is installed on the return yoke blocks. Fast discharges of the solenoid (190 s time-constant) made during the CMS magnet surface commissioning test at the solenoid central fields of 2.64, 3.16, 3.68 and 4.01 T were used to induce voltages in the flux-loops. The voltages are measured on-line and integrated off-line to obtain the magnetic flux in the steel yoke close to the muon chambers at full excitations of the solenoid. The 3-D Hall sensors installed on the steel-air interfaces give supplementary information on the components of magnetic field and permit to estimate the remanent field in steel to be added to the magnetic flux density obtained by the voltages integration. A TOSCA 3-D model of the CMS magnet is developed to describe the magnetic field everywhere outside the tracking volume measured with the field-mapping machine. The results of the measurements and calculations are presented, compared and discussed.
V. I. Klyukhin; N. Amapane; A. Ball; B. Cur�; A. Gaddi; H. Gerwig; A. Herv�; M. Mulders; R. Loveless
Conversion feasibility studies for the Grenoble high flux reactor
Feasibility studies for conversion of the High Flux Reactor (RHF) at Grenoble France have been performed at the Argonne National Laboratory in cooperation with the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). The uranium densities required for conversion of the RHF to reduced enrichment fuels were computed to be 7.9 g/cm{sup 3} with 20% enrichment, 4.8 g/cm{sup 3} with 29% enrichment, and 2.8 g/cm{sup 3} with 45% enrichment. Thermal flux reductions at the peak in the heavy water reflector were computed to be 3% with 45% enriched fuel and 7% with 20% enriched fuel. In each case, the reactor's 44 day cycle length was preserved and no changes were made in the fuel element geometry. If the cladding thickness could be reduced from 0.38 mm to 0.30 mm, the required uranium density with 20% enrichment would be about 6.0 g/cm{sup 3} and the thermal flux reduction at the peak in the heavy water reflector would be about 7%. Significantly higher uranium densities are required in the RHF than in heavy water reactors with more conventional designs because the neutron spectrum is much harder in the RHF. Reduced enrichment fuels with the uranium densities required for use in the RHF are either not available or are not licensable at the present time. 6 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
Mo, S.C.; Matos, J.E.
The High Flux Beam Reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory`s High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) was built because of the need of the scientist to always want `more`. In the mid-50`s the Brookhaven Graphite reactor was churning away producing a number of new results when the current generation of scientists, led by Donald Hughes, realized the need for a high flux reactor and started down the political, scientific and engineering path that led to the BFBR. The effort was joined by a number of engineers and scientists among them, Chemick, Hastings, Kouts, and Hendrie, who came up with the novel design of the HFBR. The two innovative features that have been incorporated in nearly all other research reactors built since are: (i) an under moderated core arrangement which enables the thermal flux to peak outside the core region where beam tubes can be placed, and (ii) beam tubes that are tangential to the core which decrease the fast neutron background without affecting the thermal beam intensity. Construction began in the fall of 1961 and four years later, at a cost of $12 Million, criticality was achieved on Halloween Night, 1965. Thus began 30 years of scientific accomplishments.
Shapiro, S.M.
Operation of the ORNL High Particle Flux Helicon Plasma Source
A high power, high particle flux rf-based helicon plasma source has been constructed at ORNL and operated at power levels up to 30 kW. High-density hydrogen and helium plasmas have been produced. The source has been designed as the basis for a linear plasma materials interaction (PMI) test facility that will generate particle fluxes Gamma(p) > 10(23) M-3 s(-1), and utilize additional ion and electron cyclotron heating to produce high parallel (to the magnetic field) heat fluxes of similar to 10 MW/m(2). An rf-based source for PMI research is of interest because high plasma densities are generated with no internal electrodes, allowing true steady state operation with minimal impurity generation. The ORNL helicon source has a diameter of 15 cm and to-date has operated at a frequency f = 13.56 MHz, with magnetic field strength vertical bar B vertical bar in the antenna region up to similar to 0.15 T. Maximum densities of 3 x 10(19) M-3 in He and 2.5 x 10(19) m(-3) in H have been achieved. Radial density profiles have been seen to be dependent on the axial vertical bar B vertical bar profile.
Goulding, Richard Howell [ORNL; Biewer, Theodore M [ORNL; Caughman, John B [ORNL; Chen, Guangye [ORNL; Owen, Larry W [ORNL; Sparks, Dennis O [ORNL
A high power, high particle flux rf-based helicon plasma source has been constructed at ORNL and operated at power levels up to 30 kW. High-density hydrogen and helium plasmas have been produced. The source has been designed as the basis for a linear plasma materials interaction (PMI) test facility that will generate particle fluxes {Gamma}{sub p}10{sup 23} m{sup -3} s{sup -1}, and utilize additional ion and electron cyclotron heating to produce high parallel (to the magnetic field) heat fluxes of {approx}10 MW/m{sup 2}. An rf-based source for PMI research is of interest because high plasma densities are generated with no internal electrodes, allowing true steady state operation with minimal impurity generation. The ORNL helicon source has a diameter of 15 cm and to-date has operated at a frequency f = 13.56 MHz, with magnetic field strength |B| in the antenna region up to {approx}0.15 T. Maximum densities of 3x10{sup 19} m{sup -3} in He and 2.5x10{sup 19} m{sup -3} in H have been achieved. Radial density profiles have been seen to be dependent on the axial |B| profile.
Goulding, R. H.; Biewer, T. M.; Caughman, J. B. O.; Chen, G. C.; Owen, L. W.; Sparks, D. O. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169 (United States)
Constraints on the ionizing flux emitted by T Tauri stars
We present the results of an analysis of ultraviolet observations of T Tauri Stars (TTS). By analysing emission measures taken from the literature we derive rates of ionizing photons from the chromospheres of 5 classical TTS in the range ~10^41-10^44 photons/s, although these values are subject to large uncertainties. We propose that the HeII/CIV line ratio can be used as a reddening-independent indicator of the hardness of the ultraviolet spectrum emitted by TTS. By studying this line ratio in a much larger sample of objects we find evidence for an ionizing flux which does not decrease, and may even increase, as TTS evolve. This implies that a significant fraction of the ionizing flux from TTS is not powered by the accretion of disc material onto the central object, and we discuss the significance of this result and its implications for models of disc evolution. The presence of a significant ionizing flux in the later stages of circumstellar disc evolution provides an important new constraint on disc photoevaporation models.
R. D. Alexander; C. J. Clarke; J. E. Pringle
E-Print Network 3.0 - average solar-cosmic-ray fluxes Sample...
solar-cosmic-ray fluxes Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: average solar-cosmic-ray fluxes Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Annales...
Unsteady momentum fluxes in two-phase flow and the vibration of nuclear reactor components
The steady and unsteady components of the momentum flux in a twophase flow have been measured at the exit of a vertical pipe. Measured momentum flux data has been machine processed by standard random vibration techniques ...
Yih, Tien Sieh
Six-Week Time Series Of Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux At Mammoth Mountain...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-sea co2 flux Sample Search Results
co2 flux Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-sea co2 flux Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Scott Miller Atmospheric Sciences Research...
Flux Motion in Anisotropic Type-Ii Superconductors Near H(c2)
Flux motion in anisotropic type-II superconductors is studied in the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. Expressions for the flux-flow resistivity tensor (including all the longitudinal and Hall elements) are obtained...
HAO, ZD; Hu, Chia-Ren.
An experimental investigation of critical heat flux in subcooled internal flow
An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the critical heat flux for subcooled refrigerant-11 and refrigerant-113 flowing upward in a vertical cylindrical tube. Critical heat flux (CHF) values are determined for a range of tube...
Shatto, Donald Patrick
Estimation of turbulent surface heat fluxes using sequences of remotely sensed land surface temperature
Fluxes of heat and moisture at the land-surface play a significant role in the climate system. These fluxes interact with the overlying atmosphere and influence the characteristics of the planetary boundary layer (e.g. ...
Bateni, Sayed Mohyeddin
E-Print Network 3.0 - argonne high flux reactor Sample Search...
for: argonne high flux reactor Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Thirteenth National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering Summary: Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor...
Gas flux and carbonate occurrence at a shallow seep of thermogenic natural gas
010-0184-0 ORIGINAL Gas flux and carbonate occurrence atof thermogenic natural gas Franklin S. Kinnaman & Justine B.comprehensive survey of gas flux at Brian Seep yielded a
Imaging of Diesel Particulate Filters using a High-Flux Neutron...
Imaging of Diesel Particulate Filters using a High-Flux Neutron Source Imaging of Diesel Particulate Filters using a High-Flux Neutron Source Detailed images of deposits identified...
E-Print Network 3.0 - axial heat flux Sample Search Results
is provided by Elsevier for the Summary: pipe, such as working temperature, heat flux, inclination angle, working fluid fill ratio (defined... , heat flux 5.0 kwm2 -40 kwm2 ,...
A Comparative Study of Modular Axial Flux Podded Generators for Marine Current Turbines
A Comparative Study of Modular Axial Flux Podded Generators for Marine Current Turbines Sofiane turbines (MCTs). Due to the submarine environment, maintenance operations are very hard, very costly current turbine, axial flux permanent magnet generator, design, optimization. Nomenclature MCT = Marine
Brest, Université de
PUBLISHED VERSION Characterization of local heat fluxes around ICRF antennas on JET
) to characterize the heat fluxes on the protection of the JET ICRF antennas, using Infra-Red (IR) thermography
The estimation of neutrino flux produced by $\\mathbf{pep}$ reactions in the Sun
The experimental result of the solar neutrino flux at one AU produced by the $p+p+e \\rightarrow d+\
B. F. Irgaziev; V. B. Belyaev; Jameel-Un Nabi
Three-dimensional discrete ordinates radiation transport calculations of neutron fluxes for beginning-of-cycle at several pressure vessel surveillance positions in the high flux isotope reactor
The objective of this research was to determine improved thermal, epithermal, and fast fluxes and several responses at mechanical test surveillance location keys 2, 4, 5, and 7 of the pressure vessel of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for the beginning of the fuel cycle. The purpose of the research was to provide essential flux data in support of radiation embrittlement studies of the pressure vessel shell and beam tubes at some of the important locations.
Pace, J.V. III; Slater, C.O.; Smith, M.S.
Spatial variability in soil heat flux at three Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems
April 2008 Accepted 18 April 2008 Keywords: Energy balance Soil heat flux Available energy Eddy variability in soil heat flux contributing to energy balance closure (EBC), by deploying a mobile energySpatial variability in soil heat flux at three Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems Changliang Shao a
Chen, Jiquan
Dynamics of Airfoil Separation Control Using Zero-Net Mass-Flux Forcing
Dynamics of Airfoil Separation Control Using Zero-Net Mass-Flux Forcing Reni Raju and Rajat Mittal, Gainesville, Florida 32611 DOI: 10.2514/1.37147 Zero-net mass-flux jet based control of flow separation over using zero-net mass-flux actuation can either control/delay boundary layer separation or lead to global
Mittal, Rajat
Simple Models of Zero-Net Mass-Flux Jets for Flow Control Simulations
Simple Models of Zero-Net Mass-Flux Jets for Flow Control Simulations Reni Raju Dynaflow Inc for modeling the dynamics of zero- net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators, the computational costs associated-flow model. 1. INTRODUCTION Zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators or "synthetic jets" have potential
Concentrations and Snow-Atmosphere Fluxes of Reactive Nitrogen at Summit, Greenland
1 Concentrations and Snow-Atmosphere Fluxes of Reactive Nitrogen at Summit, Greenland J. W. Munger AT SUMMIT, GREENLAND 2 Abstract. Concentrations and fluxes of NOy (total reactive nitrogen), ozone concentra at Summit, Greenland. Median NOy concentrations declined from 947 ppt in May to 444 ppt by July. NOy fluxes
Mean and Variability of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in the Indian Ocean
-sea heat Fluxes) Project: blended product planned activity: daily, 1º-grid, mid 1950's present currently available: daily, 1º-grid, 1988-2003 #12;OAFlux (Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Heat Fluxes) For the GlobalMean and Variability of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in the Indian Ocean Lisan Yu Woods Hole Oceanographic
Yu, Lisan
Residual Magnetic Flux Leakage: A Possible Tool for Studying Pipeline Defects
Residual Magnetic Flux Leakage: A Possible Tool for Studying Pipeline Defects Vijay Babbar1 weaker flux signals. KEY WORDS: Magnetic flux leakage; residual magnetization; pipeline defects; pipeline pipelines, which may develop defects such as corrosion pits as they age in service.(1) Under the ef- fect
Clapham, Lynann
Biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes of a steppe and a cultivated cropland in semiarid Inner Mongolia
Biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes of a steppe and a cultivated cropland in semiarid Inner amount of grasslands in Inner Mongolia of Northern China has been converted to cropland. The conversions, such as energy and material fluxes, associated with the land conversions. The carbon fluxes, including net
Sensitivity of Cenozoic Antarctic ice sheet variations to geothermal heat flux
Sensitivity of Cenozoic Antarctic ice sheet variations to geothermal heat flux David Pollard a sheet to geothermal heat flux is investigated, using a coupled climateice sheet model with various prescribed values and patterns of geothermal heat flux. The sudden growth of major ice across the Eocene
Momentum Flux Budget across the AirSea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds
Momentum Flux Budget across the AirSea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds YALIN into ocean currents is equal to the flux from air (wind stress). However, when the surface wave field grows the momentum flux budget across the airsea interface under both uniform and idealized TC winds. The wave
Rhode Island, University of
Neutrino Fluxes from NUHM LSP Annihilations in the Sun
We extend our previous studies of the neutrino fluxes expected from neutralino LSP annihilations inside the Sun to include variants of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) with squark, slepton and gaugino masses constrained to be universal at the GUT scale, but allowing one or two non-universal supersymmetry-breaking parameters contributing to the Higgs masses (NUHM1,2). As in the constrained MSSM (CMSSM) with universal Higgs masses, there are large regions of the NUHM parameter space where the LSP density inside the Sun is not in equilibrium, so that the annihilation rate may be far below the capture rate, and there are also large regions where the capture rate is not dominated by spin-dependent LSP-proton scattering. The spectra possible in the NUHM are qualitatively similar to those in the CMSSM. We calculate neutrino-induced muon fluxes above a threshold energy of 10 GeV, appropriate for the IceCube/DeepCore detector, for points where the NUHM yields the correct cosmological relic density for representative choices of the NUHM parameters. We find that the IceCube/DeepCore detector can probe regions of the NUHM parameter space in addition to analogues of the focus-point strip and the tip of the coannihilation strip familiar from the CMSSM. These include regions with enhanced Higgsino-gaugino mixing in the LSP composition, that occurs where neutralino mass eigenstates cross over. On the other hand, rapid-annihilation funnel regions in general yield neutrino fluxes that are unobservably small.
Ellis, John; /CERN /King's Coll. London; Olive, Keith A.; /Minnesota U. /SLAC; Savage, Christopher; /Stockholm U., OKC; Spanos, Vassilis C.; /Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.
Diffuse Gas Condensation Induced by Variations of the Ionizing Flux
The variation of an ionizing flux as a mechanism to stimulate the condensation of a diffuse gas is considered. To illustrate this effect, two situations are examined: one on the context of pregalactic conditions, and the other on the context of the actual interstellar medium. We focus our attention on flash-like variations; that is, during a ``short'' period of time the ionizing flux is enhanced in comparison to the pre- and post-flash values. In both cases the cause of the induced phase change is the same: the enhancement of the cooling rate by the increase in the electron density caused by the momentary increase of ionizing flux. After the passing of the flash, the cooling rate remains enhanced due to the ``inertia of the ionization''. In the first case (metal free gas) the cooling rate is enhanced due to the fact that the increase of the electron density makes possible the gas phase formation of H_2 by the creation of the intermediaries H^- and H^+_2. We show that after the passing of the photo-ionizing flash a cloud near thermo-chemical equilibrium at ~8000 K may be induced to increase its H_2 content by many orders of magnitude, causing a rapid decrease of its temperature to values as low as 100 K. In the second case (solar abundances gas) the dominant cooling mechanism of the warm neutral gas (the excitation of heavy ions by electron impacts) is proportional to the electron density. We show that, for the expected states of the warm interstellar gas, ionizing flashes may induce the phase transition from the warm to the cool phase. The results indicate that the mechanism of induced condensation studied here might play a relevant role in the gas evolution of the diffuse gas in both, the pregalactic and the actual interstellar medium conditions.
Antonio Parravano; Catherine Pech
ARM Energy Balance Bowen Ratio (EBBR) station: surf. heat flux and related data, 30-min
The Energy Balance Bowen Ratio (EBBR) system produces 30-min estimates of the vertical fluxes of sensible and latent heat at the local surface. Flux estimates are calculated from observations of net radiation, soil surface heat flux, and the vertical gradients of temperature and relative humidity. Meteorological data collected by the EBBR are used to calculate bulk aerodynamic fluxes, which are used in the Bulk Aerodynamic Technique (BA) EBBR value-added product (VAP) to replace sunrise and sunset spikes in the flux data. A unique aspect of the system is the automatic exchange mechanism (AEM), which helps to reduce errors from instrument offset drift.
Cook, David
Fast neutron fluxes in pressure vessels using Monte Carlo methods
The objective of this project is to determine the feasibility of calculating the fast neutron flux in the pressure vessel of a pressurized water reactor by Monte Carlo methods. Neutron reactions reduce the ductility of the steel and thus limit the useful life of this important reactor component. This work was performed for Virginia Power (VEPCO). VIM is a continuous-energy Monte Carlo code which provides a versatile geometrical capability and a neutron physics data base closely representing the EDNF/B-IV data from which it was derived.
Edlund, M.C.; Thomas, J.R.
Fast Flux Test Facility final safety analysis report. Amendment 73
This report provides Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) Amendment 73 for incorporation into the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTR) FSAR set. This page change incorporates Engineering Change Notices (ECNs) issued subsequent to Amendment 72 and approved for incorparoration before May 6, 1993. These changes include: Chapter 3, design criteria structures, equipment, and systems; chapter 5B, reactor coolant system; chapter 7, instrumentation and control systems; chapter 9, auxiliary systems; chapter 11, reactor refueling system; chapter 12, radiation protection and waste management; chapter 13, conduct of operations; chapter 17, technical specifications; chapter 20, FFTF criticality specifications; appendix C, local fuel failure events; and appendix Fl, operation at 680{degrees}F inlet temperature.
Gantt, D.A.
Landau, Abrikosov, Hofstadter: Magnetic Flux Penetration in a Lattice Superconductor
Magnetic flux penetration in superconductors involves a rich variety of subtle phenomena, much of which is still poorly understood. Here these complexities are studied by formulating the Ginzburg-Landau equations as a lattice gauge theory. Their solutions are compared and contrasted with the (heuristic) Landau model of type I superconductivity, and the (perturbative) Abrikosov model for type II superconductors. Novelties arise as the continuum limit is approached, related to an effect discovered by Hofstadter. Various cautionary remarks pertinent to large-scale simulations are made.
David J. E. Callaway
System having unmodulated flux locked loop for measuring magnetic fields
A system (10) for measuring magnetic fields, wherein the system (10) comprises an unmodulated or direct-feedback flux locked loop (12) connected by first and second unbalanced RF coaxial transmission lines (16a, 16b) to a superconducting quantum interference device (14). The FLL (12) operates for the most part in a room-temperature or non-cryogenic environment, while the SQUID (14) operates in a cryogenic environment, with the first and second lines (16a, 16b) extending between these two operating environments.
Ganther, Jr., Kenneth R. (Olathe, KS); Snapp, Lowell D. (Blue Springs, MO)
High-flux solar photon processes: Opportunities for applications
The overall goal of this study was to identify new high-flux solar photon (HFSP) processes that show promise of being feasible and in the national interest. Electric power generation and hazardous waste destruction were excluded from this study at sponsor request. Our overall conclusion is that there is promise for new applications of concentrated solar photons, especially in certain aspects of materials processing and premium materials synthesis. Evaluation of the full potential of these and other possible applications, including opportunities for commercialization, requires further research and testing. 100 refs.
Steinfeld, J.I.; Coy, S.L.; Herzog, H.; Shorter, J.A.; Schlamp, M.; Tester, J.W.; Peters, W.A. (Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (United States))
Entanglement-assisted electron microscopy based on a flux qubit
A notorious problem in high-resolution biological electron microscopy is radiation damage caused by probe electrons. Hence, acquisition of data with minimal number of electrons is of critical importance. Quantum approaches may represent the only way to improve the resolution in this context, but all proposed schemes to date demand delicate control of the electron beam in highly unconventional electron optics. Here we propose a scheme that involves a flux qubit based on a radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device, inserted in a transmission electron microscope. The scheme significantly improves the prospect of realizing a quantum-enhanced electron microscope for radiation-sensitive specimens.
Okamoto, Hiroshi, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo 015-0055 (Japan); Nagatani, Yukinori [National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan)
Molten Metal Treatment by Salt Fluxing with Low Environmental Emissions
Abstract: Chlorine gas is traditionally used for fluxing of aluminum melt for removal of alkali and alkaline earth elements. However this results in undesirable emissions of particulate matter and gases such as HCl and chlorine, which are often at unacceptable levels. Additionally, chlorine gas is highly toxic and its handling, storage, and use pose risks to employees and the local community. Holding of even minimal amounts of chlorine necessitates extensive training for all plant employees. Fugitive emissions from chlorine usage within the plant cause accelerated corrosion of plant equipment. The Secondary Aluminum Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) under the Clean Air Act, finalized in March 2000 has set very tough new limits on particulate matter (PM) and total hydrogen chloride emissions from aluminum melting and holding furnaces. These limits are 0.4 and 0.1 lbs per ton of aluminum for hydrogen chloride and particulate emissions, respectively. Assuming new technologies for meeting these limits can be found, additional requirements under the Clean Air Act (Prevention of Significant Deterioration and New Source Review) trigger Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for new sources with annual emissions (net emissions not expressed per ton of production) over specified amounts. BACT currently is lime coated bag-houses for control of particulate and HCl emissions. These controls are expensive, difficult to operate and maintain, and result in reduced American competitiveness in the global economy. Solid salt fluxing is emerging as a viable option for the replacement of chlorine gas fluxing, provided emissions can be consistently maintained below the required levels. This project was a cooperative effort between the Ohio State University and Alcoa to investigate and optimize the effects of solid chloride flux addition in molten metal for alkali impurity and non-metallic inclusion removal minimizing dust and toxic emissions and maximizing energy conservation. In this program, the salt metal interactions were studies and the emissions at laboratory scale at OSU were monitored. The goal of the project was to obtain a fundamental understanding, based on first principles, of the pollutant formation that occurs when the salts are used in furnaces. This information will be used to control process parameters so that emissions are consistently below the required levels. The information obtained in these experiments will be used in industrial furnaces at aluminum plants and which will help in optimizing the process.
Yogeshwar Sahai
High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) | Nuclear Science | ORNL
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Cosmic Ray Sun Shadow in Soudan 2 Underground Muon Flux
The absorption of cosmic rays by the sun produces a shadow at the earth. The angular offset and broadening of the shadow are determined by the magnitude and structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IPMF) in the inner solar system. We report the first measurement of the solar cosmic ray shadow by detection of deep underground muon flux in observations made during the entire ten-year interval 1989 to 1998. The sun shadow varies significantly during this time, with a $3.3\\sigma$ shadow observed during the years 1995 to 1998.
Soudan 2 Collaboration
Category:Gas Flux Sampling | Open Energy Information
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Sensitivity of Radiative Fluxes and Heating Rates to Cloud Microphysics
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administrationcontroller systemsBi (2) SrEvaluating theDepartmentSensitivity of Radiative Fluxes and
The determination of neutron flux in the Texas A & M triga reactor during pulse and steady-state operations
-state operation. Neutron flux measurement during a pulse presents an additional problem in that the flux levels vary during the rapid rise and fall in reactor power. The power level transient of the reactor was followed, using the current output of a boron-10... as a flux monitor only at low power. levels or neutron fluxes. The antimony flux monitor in the steady-state flux measurement showed the same type of increase in flux magni- tude as that of the pulse measurement. The high flux values at steady...
O'Donnell, John Joseph
Structural design criteria for high heat flux components.
The high temperature design rules of the ITER Structural Design Criteria (ISDC), are applied to first wall designs with high heat flux. The maximum coolant pressure and surface heat flux capabilities are shown to be determined not only by the mechanical properties of the first wall material but also by the details of the blanket design. In a high power density self-cooled lithium blanket, the maximum primary stress in the first wall is controlled by many of the geometrical parameters of the blanket, such as, first wall span, first wall curvature, first wall thickness, side wall thickness, and second wall thickness. The creep ratcheting lifetime of the first wall is also shown to be controlled by many of the same geometrical parameters as well as the coolant temperature. According to most high temperature design codes, the time-dependent primary membrane stress allowable are based on the average temperature (ignoring thermal stress). Such a procedure may sometimes be unconservative, particularly for embrittled first walls with large temperature gradients. The effect of secondary (thermal) stresses on the accumulation of creep deformation is illustrated with a vanadium alloy flat plate first wall design.
Majumdar, S.
Context. Close-in giant extrasolar planets (''Hot Jupiters'') are believed to be strong emitters in the decametric radio range. Aims. We present the expected characteristics of the low-frequency magnetospheric radio emission of all currently known extrasolar planets, including the maximum emission frequency and the expected radio flux. We also discuss the escape of exoplanetary radio emission from the vicinity of its source, which imposes additional constraints on detectability. Methods. We compare the different predictions obtained with all four existing analytical models for all currently known exoplanets. We also take care to use realistic values for all input parameters. Results. The four different models for planetary radio emission lead to very different results. The largest fluxes are found for the magnetic energy model, followed by the CME model and the kinetic energy model (for which our results are found to be much less optimistic than those of previous studies). The unipolar interaction model does not predict any observable emission for the present exoplanet census. We also give estimates for the planetary magnetic dipole moment of all currently known extrasolar planets, which will be useful for other studies. Conclusions. Our results show that observations of exoplanetary radio emission are feasible, but that the number of promising targets is not very high. The catalog of targets will be particularly useful for current and future radio observation campaigns (e.g. with the VLA, GMRT, UTR-2 and with LOFAR).
J. -M. Grie�meier; P. Zarka; H. Spreeuw
New solar opacities, abundances, helioseismology, and neutrino fluxes
We construct solar models with the newly calculated radiative opacities from the Opacity Project (OP) and recently determined (lower) heavy element abundances. We compare results from the new models with predictions of a series of models that use OPAL radiative opacities, older determinations of the surface heavy element abundances, and refinements of nuclear reaction rates. For all the variations we consider, solar models that are constructed with the newer and lower heavy element abundances advocated by Asplund et al. (2005) disagree by much more than the estimated measuring errors with helioseismological determinations of the depth of the solar convective zone, the surface helium composition, the internal sound speeds, and the density profile. Using the new OP radiative opacities, the ratio of the 8B neutrino flux calculated with the older and larger heavy element abundances (or with the newer and lower heavy element abundances) to the total neutrino flux measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is 1.09 (0.87) with a 9% experimental uncertainty and a 16% theoretical uncertainty, 1 sigma errors.
John N. Bahcall; Aldo M. Serenelli; Sarbani Basu
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose detector, designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6-m-diameter by 12.5-m-length free bore, enclosed inside a 10000-ton return yoke made of construction steel. The return yoke consists of five dodecagonal three-layered barrel wheels and four end-cap disks at each end comprised of steel blocks up to 620 mm thick, which serve as the absorber plates of the muon detection system. Accurate characterization of the magnetic field everywhere in the CMS detector is required. To measure the field in and around the steel, a system of 22 flux-loops and 82 3-D Hall sensors is installed on the return yoke blocks. Fast discharges of the solenoid (190 s time-constant) made during the CMS magnet surface commissioning test at the solenoid central fields of 2.64, 3.16, 3.68 and 4.01 T were used to induce voltages in the flux-loops. The voltages are measured on-line a...
Klyukhin, V I; Ball, A; Cur�, B; Gaddi, A; Gerwig, H; Herv�, A; Mulders, M; Loveless, R
A high-flux BEC source for mobile atom interferometers
Quantum sensors based on coherent matter-waves are precise measurement devices whose ultimate accuracy is achieved with Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in extended free fall. This is ideally realized in microgravity environments such as drop towers, ballistic rockets and space platforms. However, the transition from lab-based BEC machines to robust and mobile sources with comparable performance is a technological challenge. Here we report on the realization of a miniaturized setup, generating a flux of $4 \\times 10^5$ quantum degenerate $^{87}$Rb atoms every 1.6 s. Ensembles of $1 \\times 10^5$ atoms can be produced at a 1 Hz rate. This is achieved by loading a cold atomic beam directly into a multi-layer atom chip that is designed for efficient transfer from laser-cooled to magnetically trapped clouds. The attained flux of degenerate atoms is on par with current lab-based experiments while offering significantly higher repetition rates. The compact and robust design allows for mobile operation in a variety of...
Rudolph, Jan; Grzeschik, Christoph; Sternke, Tammo; Grote, Alexander; Popp, Manuel; Becker, Dennis; M�ntinga, Hauke; Ahlers, Holger; Peters, Achim; L�mmerzahl, Claus; Sengstock, Klaus; Gaaloul, Naceur; Ertmer, Wolfgang; Rasel, Ernst M
Quantum sensors based on coherent matter-waves are precise measurement devices whose ultimate accuracy is achieved with Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in extended free fall. This is ideally realized in microgravity environments such as drop towers, ballistic rockets and space platforms. However, the transition from lab-based BEC machines to robust and mobile sources with comparable performance is a technological challenge. Here we report on the realization of a miniaturized setup, generating a flux of $4 \\times 10^5$ quantum degenerate $^{87}$Rb atoms every 1.6 s. Ensembles of $1 \\times 10^5$ atoms can be produced at a 1 Hz rate. This is achieved by loading a cold atomic beam directly into a multi-layer atom chip that is designed for efficient transfer from laser-cooled to magnetically trapped clouds. The attained flux of degenerate atoms is on par with current lab-based experiments while offering significantly higher repetition rates. The compact and robust design allows for mobile operation in a variety of demanding environments and paves the way for portable high-precision quantum sensors.
Jan Rudolph; Waldemar Herr; Christoph Grzeschik; Tammo Sternke; Alexander Grote; Manuel Popp; Dennis Becker; Hauke M�ntinga; Holger Ahlers; Achim Peters; Claus L�mmerzahl; Klaus Sengstock; Naceur Gaaloul; Wolfgang Ertmer; Ernst M. Rasel
The Waldmeier effect and the flux transport solar dynamo
We confirm that the evidence for the Waldmeier effect WE1 (the anti-correlation between rise times of sunspot cycles and their strengths) and the related effect WE2 (the correlation between rise rates of cycles and their strengths) is found in different kinds of sunspot data. We explore whether these effects can be explained theoretically on the basis of the flux transport dynamo models of sunspot cycles. Two sources of irregularities of sunspot cycles are included in our model: fluctuations in the poloidal field generation process and fluctuations in the meridional circulation. We find WE2 to be a robust result which is produced in different kinds of theoretical models for different sources of irregularities. The Waldmeier effect WE1, on the other hand, arises from fluctuations in the meridional circulation and is found only in the theoretical models with reasonably high turbulent diffusivity which ensures that the diffusion time is not more than a few years.
Karak, Bidya Binay
Trapped-flux internal-dipole superconducting motor/generator.
A new class of motor/generator (M/G) utilizes the magnetic flux trapping capability of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). The rotor, consists of a cylindrical shell composed of HTS segments. These segments act as trapped-field magnets, magnetized in such a way that a dipole magnetic field is produced in the interior of the shell. A stator coil assembly is placed in the interior of the shell and current passing through the conductors of the coil produce a rotational torque, either as a hysteresis motor or as a synchronous motor. The coil may be either conventional, with copper wires and an iron core, or composed of superconductors and can be used to establish the trapped fields in the HTSs.
Hull, J. R.
FFTF (Fast Flux Test Facility) reactor shutdown system reliability reevaluation
The reliability analysis of the Fast Flux Test Facility reactor shutdown system was reevaluated. Failure information based on five years of plant operating experience was used to verify original reliability numbers or to establish new ones. Also, system modifications made subsequent to performance of the original analysis were incorporated into the reevaluation. Reliability calculations and sensitivity analyses were performed using a commercially available spreadsheet on a personal computer. The spreadsheet was configured so that future failures could be tracked and compared with expected failures. A number of recommendations resulted from the reevaluation including both increased and decreased surveillance intervals. All recommendations were based on meeting or exceeding existing reliability goals. Considerable cost savings will be incurred upon implementation of the recommendations.
Pierce, B.F.
Acoustic waves in random ensembles of magnetic fluxes
To analyze the observational data and provide the appropriate diagnostic procedure for photospheric manifestation of solar oscillations it is necessary to take into account strong inhomogeneity of solar atmosphere with respect to distribution of magnetic fields. We study the collective phenomena in the propagation of acoustic waves and unsteady wave-packets through quite regions, sunspots and plages, including time-dependent response of these regions to solar oscillations, the energy transfer mechanisms, frequency shift effects and reradiation of the acoustic waves in higher layers of atmosphere. We show that the dynamics of differently magnetized regions, their dispersion properties, and their response to the propagation of acoustic waves are completely different. We describe the effects caused by the specific distribution and randomness of magnetic flux tubes, which can be observed and which can provide the tools for diagnostic goals.
Ryutova, M.P.
High Flux Commercial Illumination Solution with Intelligent Controls
This report summarizes the work performed at OSRAM SYLVANIA under US Department of Energy contract DE-EE0003241 for developing a high efficiency LED-based luminaire. A novel light engine module (two versions: standard and super), power supply and luminaire mechanical parts were designed and tested. At steady-state, the luminaire luminous flux is 3156 lumens (lm), luminous efficacy 97.4 LPW and CRI (Ra) 88 at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3507K. When the luminaire is fitted with the super version of the light engine the efficacy reaches 130 LPW. In addition, the luminaire is provided with an intelligent control network capable of additional energy savings. The technology developed during the course of this project has been incorporated into a family of products. Recently, the first product in the family has been launched.
Camil Ghiu
Pyroprocessing of Fast Flux Test Facility Nuclear Fuel
Used nuclear fuel from the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) was recently transferred to the Idaho National Laboratory and processed by pyroprocessing in the Fuel Conditioning Facility. Approximately 213 kg of uranium from sodium-bonded metallic FFTF fuel was processed over a one year period with the equipment previously used for the processing of EBR-II used fuel. The peak burnup of the FFTF fuel ranged from 10 to 15 atom% for the 900+ chopped elements processed. Fifteen low-enriched uranium ingots were cast following the electrorefining and distillation operations to recover approximately 192 kg of uranium. A material balance on the primary fuel constituents, uranium and zirconium, during the FFTF campaign will be presented along with a brief description of operating parameters. Recoverable uranium during the pyroprocessing of FFTF nuclear fuel was greater than 95% while the purity of the final electrorefined uranium products exceeded 99%.
B.R. Westphal; G.L. Fredrickson; G.G. Galbreth; D. Vaden; M.D. Elliott; J.C. Price; E.M. Honeyfield; M.N. Patterson; L. A. Wurth
Pyroprocessing of fast flux test facility nuclear fuel
Used nuclear fuel from the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) was recently transferred to the Idaho National Laboratory and processed by pyroprocessing in the Fuel Conditioning Facility. Approximately 213 kg of uranium from sodium-bonded metallic FFTF fuel was processed over a one year period with the equipment previously used for the processing of EBR-II used fuel. The peak burnup of the FFTF fuel ranged from 10 to 15 atom% for the 900+ chopped elements processed. Fifteen low-enriched uranium ingots were cast following the electrorefining and distillation operations to recover approximately 192 kg of uranium. A material balance on the primary fuel constituents, uranium and zirconium, during the FFTF campaign will be presented along with a brief description of operating parameters. Recoverable uranium during the pyroprocessing of FFTF nuclear fuel was greater than 95% while the purity of the final electro-refined uranium products exceeded 99%. (authors)
Westphal, B.R.; Wurth, L.A.; Fredrickson, G.L.; Galbreth, G.G.; Vaden, D.; Elliott, M.D.; Price, J.C.; Honeyfield, E.M.; Patterson, M.N. [Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415 (United States)
Total aerosol effect: forcing or radiative flux perturbation?
Uncertainties in aerosol forcings, especially those associated with clouds, contribute to a large extent to uncertainties in the total anthropogenic forcing. The interaction of aerosols with clouds and radiation introduces feedbacks which can affect the rate of rain formation. Traditionally these feedbacks were not included in estimates of total aerosol forcing. Here we argue that they should be included because these feedbacks act quickly compared with the time scale of global warming. We show that for different forcing agents (aerosols and greenhouse gases) the radiative forcings as traditionally defined agree rather well with estimates from a method, here referred to as radiative flux perturbations (RFP), that takes these fast feedbacks and interactions into account. Thus we propose replacing the direct and indirect aerosol forcing in the IPCC forcing chart with RFP estimates. This implies that it is better to evaluate the total anthropogenic aerosol effect as a whole.
Lohmann, Ulrike; Storelvmo, Trude; Jones, Andy; Rotstayn, Leon; Menon, Surabi; Quaas, Johannes; Ekman, Annica; Koch, Dorothy; Ruedy, Reto
The Fast Flux Test Facility built on safety
No other high-tech industry has grown as fast as the nuclear industry. The information available to the general public has not kept pace with the rapid growth of nuclear data---its growth has outpaced its media image and the safety of nuclear facilities has become a highly debated issue. This book is an attempt to bridge the gap between the high-tech information of the nuclear industry and its understanding by the general public. It explains the three levels of defense at the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) and why these levels provide an acceptable margin to protect the general public and on-site personnel, while achieving FFTF's mission to provide research and development for the US Department of Energy (DOE).
Not Available
Determining heat fluxes from temperature measurements made in massive walls
A technique is described for determining heat fluxes at the surfaces of masonry walls or floors using temperature data measured at two points within the wall, usually near the surfaces. The process consists of solving the heat diffusion equation in one dimension using finite difference techniques given two measured temperatures as input. The method is fast and accurate and also allows for an in-situ measurement of wall thermal diffusivity if a third temperature is measured. The method is documented in sufficient detail so that it can be readily used by the reader. Examples are given for heat flow through walls. Annual results for two cases are presented. The method has also been used to determine heat flow into floors.
Balcomb, J.D.; Hedstrom, J.C.
Remote sensing of soil radionuclide fluxes in a tropical ecosystem
We are using a transponding geostationary satellite to collect surface environmental data to describe the fate of soil-borne radionuclides. The remote, former atomic testing grounds at the Eniwetok and Bikini Atolls present a difficult environment in which to collect continuous field data. Our land-based, solar-powered microprocessor and environmental data systems remotely acquire measurements of net and total solar radiation, rain, humidity, temperature, and soil-water potentials. For the past year, our water flux model predicts wet season plant transpiration rates nearly equal to the 6 to 7 mm/d evaporation pan rate, which decreases to 2 to 3 mm/d for the dry season. Radioisotopic analysis confirms the microclimate-estimated 1:3 to 1:20 soil to plant /sup 137/Cs dry matter concentration ratio. This ratio exacerbates the dose to man from intake of food plants. Nephelometer measurements of airborne particulates presently indicate a minimum respiratory radiological dose.
Clegg, B.; Koranda, J.; Robinson, W.; Holladay, G.
High Flux Isotope Reactor cold neutron source reference design concept
In February 1995, Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s (ORNL`s) deputy director formed a group to examine the need for upgrades to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) system in light of the cancellation of the Advanced neutron Source Project. One of the major findings of this study was that there was an immediate need for the installation of a cold neutron source facility in the HFIR complex. In May 1995, a team was formed to examine the feasibility of retrofitting a liquid hydrogen (LH{sub 2}) cold source facility into an existing HFIR beam tube. The results of this feasibility study indicated that the most practical location for such a cold source was the HB-4 beam tube. This location provides a potential flux environment higher than the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) vertical cold source and maximizes the space available for a future cold neutron guide hall expansion. It was determined that this cold neutron beam would be comparable, in cold neutron brightness, to the best facilities in the world, and a decision was made to complete a preconceptual design study with the intention of proceeding with an activity to install a working LH{sub 2} cold source in the HFIR HB-4 beam tube. During the development of the reference design the liquid hydrogen concept was changed to a supercritical hydrogen system for a number of reasons. This report documents the reference supercritical hydrogen design and its performance. The cold source project has been divided into four phases: (1) preconceptual, (2) conceptual design and testing, (3) detailed design and procurement, and (4) installation and operation. This report marks the conclusion of the conceptual design phase and establishes the baseline reference concept.
Selby, D.L.; Lucas, A.T.; Hyman, C.R. [and others
Magnetic Field and Flavor Effects on the Gamma-Ray Burst Neutrino Flux
We reanalyze the prompt muon neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), at the example of the often used reference Waxman-Bahcall GRB flux, in terms of the particle physics involved. We first reproduce this reference flux treating synchrotron energy losses of the secondary pions explicitly. Then we include additional neutrino production modes, the neutrinos from muon decays, the magnetic field effects on all secondary species, and flavor mixing with the current parameter uncertainties. We demonstrate that the combination of these effects modifies the shape of the original Waxman-Bahcall GRB flux significantly, and changes the normalization by a factor of three to four. As a consequence, the gamma-ray burst search strategy of neutrino telescopes may be based on the wrong flux shape, and the constraints derived for the GRB neutrino flux, such as the baryonic loading, may in fact be already much stronger than anticipated.
Philipp Baerwald; Svenja H�mmer; Walter Winter
Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy
An efficient method for calculating inclusive conventional and prompt atmospheric leptons fluxes is presented. The coupled cascade equations are solved numerically by formulating them as matrix equation. The presented approach is very flexible and allows the use of different hadronic interaction models, realistic parametrizations of the primary cosmic-ray flux and the Earth's atmosphere, and a detailed treatment of particle interactions and decays. The power of the developed method is illustrated by calculating lepton flux predictions for a number of different scenarios.
Fedynitch, Anatoli; Gaisser, Thomas K; Riehn, Felix; Stanev, Todor
Variability of primary production and air-sea CO 2 flux in the Southern Ocean
A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Dataand a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res. , 109,The data sets and flux climatologies, NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/
Wang, Shanlin; Moore, J. Keith
E-Print Network 3.0 - axial flux machine Sample Search Results
Michigan Technological University Collection: Engineering 55 A Millimeter-Scale Electric Generator Matthew K. Senesky and Seth R. Sanders Summary: be described as an axial flux...
E-Print Network 3.0 - axial flux permanent Sample Search Results
Centre de mathmatiques Collection: Mathematics 37 A Millimeter-Scale Electric Generator Matthew K. Senesky and Seth R. Sanders Summary: be described as an axial flux...
Effects of Temperature Gradients and Heat Fluxes on High-Temperature Oxidation
The effects of a temperature gradient and heat flux on point defect diffusion in protective oxide scales were examined. Irreversible thermodynamics were used to expand Fick�s first law of diffusion to include a heat-flux term�a Soret effect. Oxidation kinetics were developed for the oxidation of cobalt and of nickel doped with chromium. Research is described to verify the effects of a heat flux by oxidizing pure cobalt in a temperature gradient at 900 �C, and comparing the kinetics to isothermal oxidation. No evidence of a heat flux effect was found.
Holcomb, G.R.
Quantitative method for measuring heat flux emitted from a cryogenic object
The present invention is a quantitative method for measuring the total heat flux, and of deriving the total power dissipation, of a heat-fluxing object which includes the steps of placing an electrical noise-emitting heat-fluxing object in a liquid helium bath and measuring the superfluid transition temperature of the bath. The temperature of the liquid helium bath is thereafter reduced until some measurable parameter, such as the electrical noise, exhibited by the heat-fluxing object or a temperature-dependent resistive thin film in intimate contact with the heat-fluxing object, becomes greatly reduced. The temperature of the liquid helum bath is measured at this point. The difference between the superfluid transition temperature of the liquid helium bath surrounding the heat-fluxing object, and the temperature of the liquid helium bath when the electrical noise emitted by the heat-fluxing object becomes greatly reduced, is determined. The total heat flux from the heat-fluxing object is determined as a function of this difference between these temperatures. In certain applications, the technique can be used to optimize thermal design parameters of cryogenic electronics, for example, Josephson junction and infra-red sensing devices.
Duncan, Robert V. (Tijeras, NM)
E-Print Network 3.0 - angular flux equation Sample Search Results
CONTRACT DE-AC02-76CH03073 Summary: , steady-state axisymmetric angular momentum transport equation equates angular momentum flux through... -integrated torque, then the...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aeolian sediment flux Sample Search Results
Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: aeolian sediment flux Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Aeolian sediment transport pathways and aerodynamics...
Voluntary Protection Program Onsite Review, Fluor Hanford Fast Flux Test Facility Recertification- October 2007
Evaluation to determine whether Fluor Hanford Fast Flux Test Facility is continuing to perform at a level deserving DOE-VPP Star recognition.
High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) | U.S. DOE Office of Science...
Office of Science (SC) Website
(SUF) Division SUF Home About User Facilities User Facilities Dev X-Ray Light Sources Neutron Scattering Facilities High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) Lujan Neutron Scattering...
High-Flux Stress Testing of Encapsulants for Medium-Concentration CPV Applications
This study involved developing methods to expose transparent encapsulant materials to high (40 to 45 UV suns) optical fluxes of UV radiation to enable rapid evaluation of materials.
Kempe, M. D.; Kilkenny, M.; Moricone, T. J.; Zhang, J. Z.
Diffusional methane fluxes within continental margin sediments and depositional constraints on formation factor estimates
Goldberg, E.D. , 1976. Methane production and consumption inanaerobic oxidation of methane. Nature, 407 , 623-626.profiles indicate in situ methane flux from underlying gas
Berg, Richard D.
E-Print Network 3.0 - alternative rn-222 flux Sample Search Results
with alternating critical current density R. G. Mints Summary: Self-generated flux in Josephson junctions with alternating critical current density R. G. Mints... -generated...
The present invention is a quantitative method for measuring the total heat flux, and of deriving the total power dissipation, of a heat-fluxing object which includes the steps of placing an electrical noise-emitting heat-fluxing object in a liquid helium bath and measuring the superfluid transition temperature of the bath. The temperature of the liquid helium bath is thereafter reduced until some measurable parameter, such as the electrical noise, exhibited by the heat-fluxing object or a temperature-dependent resistive thin film in intimate contact with the heat-fluxing object, becomes greatly reduced. The temperature of the liquid helum bath is measured at this point. The difference between the superfluid transition temperature of the liquid helium bath surrounding the heat-fluxing object, and the temperature of the liquid helium bath when the electrical noise emitted by the heat-fluxing object becomes greatly reduced, is determined. The total heat flux from the heat-fluxing object is determined as a function of this difference between these temperatures. In certain applications, the technique can be used to optimize thermal design parameters of cryogenic electronics, for example, Josephson junction and infrared sensing devices.
Duncan, R.V.
E-Print Network 3.0 - active flux based Sample Search Results
Collection: Biology and Medicine ; Environmental Sciences and Ecology 12 QUIET SUN MAGNETIC HELICITY TRANSPORT: I. MUTUAL HELICITY FLUX B. T. Welsch 1 and D. W. Longcope...
Enhancing the precision and accuracy within and among AmeriFlux site measurements
This is the final report for AmeriFlux QA/QC at Oregon State University. The major objective of this project is to contribute to the AmeriFlux network by continuing to build consistency in AmeriFlux measurements by addressing objectives stated in the AmeriFlux strategic plan and self evaluation, the North American Carbon Program, and the US Carbon Cycle Science Program. The project directly contributes to NACP and CCSP goals to establish an integrated, near-real time network of observations to inform climate change science.
Law, Bev
methane flux from underlying gas hydrate. Geology , 24 (7),overlying the Blake Ridge gas hydrates. In Proceedings ofgas transport in shallow sediments of an accretionary complex, Southern Hydrate
High Flux Isotope Reactor system RELAP5 input model
A thermal-hydraulic computational model of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) has been developed using the RELAP5 program. The purpose of the model is to provide a state-of-the art thermal-hydraulic simulation tool for analyzing selected hypothetical accident scenarios for a revised HFIR Safety Analysis Report (SAR). The model includes (1) a detailed representation of the reactor core and other vessel components, (2) three heat exchanger/pump cells, (3) pressurizing pumps and letdown valves, and (4) secondary coolant system (with less detail than the primary system). Data from HFIR operation, component tests, tests in facility mockups and the HFIR, HFIR specific experiments, and other pertinent experiments performed independent of HFIR were used to construct the model and validate it to the extent permitted by the data. The detailed version of the model has been used to simulate loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs), while the abbreviated version has been developed for the operational transients that allow use of a less detailed nodalization. Analysis of station blackout with core long-term decay heat removal via natural convection has been performed using the core and vessel portions of the detailed model.
Morris, D.G.; Wendel, M.W.
Transient critical heat flux and blowdown heat-transfer studies
Objective of this study is to give a best-estimate prediction of transient critical heat flux (CHF) during reactor transients and hypothetical accidents. To accomplish this task, a predictional method has been developed. Basically it involves the thermal-hydraulic calculation of the heated core with boundary conditions supplied from experimental measurements. CHF predictions were based on the instantaneous ''local-conditions'' hypothesis, and eight correlations (consisting of round-tube, rod-bundle, and transient correlations) were tested against most recent blowdown heat-transfer test data obtained in major US facilities. The prediction results are summarized in a table in which both CISE and Biasi correlations are found to be capable of predicting the early CHF of approx. 1 s. The Griffith-Zuber correlation is credited for its prediction of the delay CHF that occurs in a more tranquil state with slowly decaying mass velocity. In many instances, the early CHF can be well correlated by the x = 1.0 criterion; this is certainly indicative of an annular-flow dryout-type crisis. The delay CHF occurred at near or above 80% void fraction, and the success of the modified Zuber pool-boiling correlation suggests that this CHF is caused by flooding and pool-boiling type hydrodynamic crisis.
Leung, J.C.
Fabrication of control rods for the High Flux Isotope Reactor
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) is a research-type nuclear reactor that was designed and built in the early 1960s and has been in continuous operation since its initial criticality in 1965. Under current plans, the HFIR is expected to continue in operation until 2035. This report updates ORNL/TM-9365, Fabrication Procedure for HFIR Control Plates, which was mainly prepared in the early 1970's but was not issued until 1984, and reflects process changes, lessons learned in the latest control rod fabrication campaign, and suggested process improvements to be considered in future campaigns. Most of the personnel involved with the initial development of the processes and in part campaigns have retired or will retire soon. Because their unlikely availability in future campaigns, emphasis has been placed on providing some explanation of why the processes were selected and some discussions about the importance of controlling critical process parameters. Contained in this report is a description of the function of control rods in the reactor, the brief history of the development of control rod fabrication processes, and a description of procedures used in the fabrication of control rods. A listing of the controlled documents and procedures used in the last fabrication campaigns is referenced in Appendix A.
Sease, J.D.
Geophysical and geochemical constraints on geoneutrino fluxes from Earth's mantle
Knowledge of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heating in the mantle is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the Earth, including its thermal evolution, the style and planform of mantle convection, and the energetics of the core. Although the flux of heat from the surface of the planet is robustly estimated, the contributions of radiogenic heating and secular cooling remain poorly defined. Constraining the amount of heat-producing elements in the Earth will provide clues to understanding nebula condensation and planetary formation processes in early Solar System. Mantle radioactivity supplies power for mantle convection and plate tectonics, but estimates of mantle radiogenic heat production vary by a factor of more than 20. Recent experimental results demonstrate the potential for direct assessment of mantle radioactivity through observations of geoneutrinos, which are emitted by naturally occurring radionuclides. Predictions of the geoneutrino signal from the mantle exist for several established estimates of mantle composition. Here we present novel analyses, illustrating surface variations of the mantle geoneutrino signal for models of the deep mantle structure, including those based on seismic tomography. These variations have measurable differences for some models, allowing new and meaningful constraints on the dynamics of the planet. An ocean based geoneutrino detector deployed at several strategic locations will be able to discriminate between competing compositional models of the bulk silicate Earth.
Ond?ej �r�mek; William F. McDonough; Edwin S. Kite; Vedran Leki?; Steve Dye; Shijie Zhong
Calculation of Heating Values for the High Flux Isotope Reactor
Calculating the amount of energy released by a fission reaction (fission Q value) and the heating rate distribution in a nuclear reactor is an important part of the safety analysis. However, these calculations can become very complex. One of the codes that can be used for this type of analyses is the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP5. Currently it is impossible to calculate the Q value and heating rate disposition for delayed beta and delayed gamma particles directly from MCNP5. The purpose of this paper is to outline a rigorous method for indirectly calculating the Q values and heating rates in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), based on previous similar studies carried out for very high-temperature reactor configurations. This method has been applied in this study to calculate heating rates for the beginning of cycle (BOC) and end-of-cycle (EOC) states of HFIR. In addition, the BOC results obtained for HFIR are compared with corresponding results for the Advanced Test Reactor. The fission Q value for HFIR was calculated as 200.2 MeV for the BOC and 201.3 MeV for the EOC. It was also determined that 95.1% and 95.4% of the heat was deposited within the HFIR fuel plates for the BOC and EOC models, respectively. This methodology can also be used for heating rate calculations for HFIR experiments.
Peterson, Joshua L [ORNL] [ORNL; Ilas, Germina [ORNL] [ORNL
Knot energy in unstretching ergodic magnetic flux tubes
Recently Titov et al [ApJ \\textbf{693},(2009) and ApJ (2007)] have made use of a covariant model to investigate magnetic reconnection of astrophysical plasmas. Earlier R Ricca [Phys Rev A (1991)] has used another covariant formalism, to investigated vortex filaments and solitons. This formalism, called Ricci rotation coefficients (RRC), is applied here, to the Chui and Moffatt [PRSA (1995)] knotted magnetic flux tube (MFT) Riemann metric in the case of vanishing stretch. It is shown that, the vanishing of some components of the (RRC) leads to unstretching knotted tubes. Computing of magnetic knot energy in terms of the RCC, shows that, uniform, unstretching and constant cross-section tubes leads to a marginal dynamo action over magnetic surfaces. Recent investigation on the role of stretching in plasma dynamo action showed that in diffusive media [Phys Plasma \\textbf{14} (2008)], unstretching unknotted tubes would not support fast dynamo action. This result was generalized here to much more general knotted MF...
de Andrade, Garcia
Decommissioning of the high flux beam reactor at Brookhaven Lab
The high-flux beam reactor (HFBR) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory was a heavy water cooled and moderated reactor that achieved criticality on Oct. 31, 1965. It operated at a power level of 40 megawatts. An equipment upgrade in 1982 allowed operations at 60 megawatts. After a 1989 reactor shutdown to reanalyze safety impact of a hypothetical loss of coolant accident, the reactor was restarted in 1991 at 30 megawatts. The HFBR was shut down in December 1996 for routine maintenance and refueling. At that time, a leak of tritiated water was identified by routine sampling of groundwater from wells located adjacent to the reactor's spent fuel pool. The reactor remained shut down for almost three years for safety and environmental reviews. In November 1999 the United States Dept. of Energy decided to permanently shut down the HFBR. The decontamination and decommissioning of the HFBR complex, consisting of multiple structures and systems to operate and maintain the reactor, were complete in 2009 after removing and shipping off all the control rod blades. The emptied and cleaned HFBR dome, which still contains the irradiated reactor vessel, is presently under 24/7 surveillance for safety. Detailed dosimetry performed for the HFBR decommissioning during 1996-2009 is described in the paper. (authors)
Hu, J.P. [National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States); Reciniello, R.N. [Radiological Control Div., Brookhaven Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States); Holden, N.E. [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States)
Multistage axial-flux PM machine for wheel direct drive
The design of direct-drive wheel motors must comply with diameter restriction due to housing the motor in a wheel rim and allow the achievement of very high torque density and overload capability. Slotless axial-flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMs) prove to be the best candidate for application in electric vehicles as direct-drive wheel motors, as in comparison with conventional machines they allow designs with higher compactness, lightness and efficiency. The paper presents a newly conceived AFPM which has a multistage structure and a water-cooled ironless stator. In the proposed new topology of the machine the space formerly occupied by the toroidal core becomes a water duct, which removes heat directly from the interior surface of the stator winding. The high efficiency of the machine cooling arrangement allows long-term 100% overload operation and great reduction of the machine weight. The multistage structure of the machine is suited to overcome the restriction on the machine diameter and meet the torque required at the wheel shaft. The paper gives guidelines for the design of a multistage AFPM with water-cooled ironless stator, and describes characteristics of a two-stage prototype machine rated 215 N{center_dot}m, 1,100 r/min.
Caricchi, F.; Crescimbini, F.; Mezzetti, F.; Santini, E. [Univ. of Rome La Sapienza (Italy). Dept. of Electrical Engineering] [Univ. of Rome La Sapienza (Italy). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Energy flux of Alfven waves in weakly ionized plasma
The overshooting convective motions in the solar photosphere are frequently proposed as the source for the excitation of Alfv\\'en waves. However, the photosphere is a) very weakly ionized, and, b) the dynamics of the plasma particles in this region is heavily influenced by the plasma-neutral collisions. The purpose of this work is to check the consequences of these two facts on the above scenario and their effects on the electromagnetic waves. It is shown that the ions and electrons in the photosphere are both un-magnetized; their collision frequency with neutrals is much larger than the gyro-frequency. This implies that eventual Alfv\\'en-type electromagnetic perturbations must involve the neutrals as well. This has the following serious consequences: i) in the presence of perturbations, the whole fluid (plasma + neutrals) moves; ii) the Alfv\\'en velocity includes the total (plasma + neutrals) density and is thus considerably smaller compared to the collision-less case; iii) the perturbed velocity of a unit volume, which now includes both plasma and neutrals, becomes much smaller compared to the ideal (collision-less) case; and iv) the corresponding wave energy flux for the given parameters becomes much smaller compared to the ideal case.
J. Vranjes; S. Poedts; B. P. Pandey; B. De Pontieu
Estimating air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum through global ocean data assimilation
Estimating air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum through global ocean data assimilation of surface flux adjustments made to the initial NCEP re-analysis-1 products. During the state estimation the boundary current regions, they are consistent with known large-scale deficiencies in the NCEP products
Quasi-local energy-momentum and energy flux at null infinity
The null infinity limit of the gravitational energy-momentum and energy flux determined by the covariant Hamiltonian quasi-local expressions is evaluated using the NP spin coefficients. The reference contribution is considered by three different embedding approaches. All of them give the expected Bondi energy and energy flux.
Xiaoning Wu; Chiang-Mei Chen; James M. Nester
Nonhydrostatic and nonlinear contributions to the energy flux budget in nonlinear internal waves
Nonhydrostatic and nonlinear contributions to the energy flux budget in nonlinear internal waves S waves. Our results show that the contributions to the total energy flux from these additional terms as well as non- linearity. The partitioning of the incident internal wave energy over the course
Fringer, Oliver B.
Soil CO2 production and surface flux at four climate observatories in eastern Canada
Soil CO2 production and surface flux at four climate observatories in eastern Canada David Risk December 2002. [1] Soils constitute the largest terrestrial source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere the climatic controls on soil respiration. We use subsurface CO2 concentrations, surface CO2 flux and detailed
Estimation of methane flux offshore SW Taiwan and the influence of tectonics on gas hydrate accumulation
Estimation of methane flux offshore SW Taiwan and the influence of tectonics on gas hydrate simulating reflectors (BSRs) imply the potential existence of gas hydrates offshore southwestern Taiwan that the fluxes are very high in offshore southwestern Taiwan. The depths of the SMI are different at sites GH6
Lin, Andrew Tien-Shun
Flux tubes as the origin of Net Circular Polarization in Sunspot Penumbrae
We employ a 3-dimensional magnetohydrostatic model of a horizontal flux tube, embedded in a magnetic surrounding atmosphere, to successfully reproduce the azimuthal and center-to-limb variations of the Net Circular Polarization observed in sunspot penumbrae. This success is partly due to the realistic modeling of the interaction between the flux tube and the surrounding magnetic field.
J. M. Borrero; L. R. Bellot Rubio; D. A. N. Mueller
Dipole trapped spheromak in a prolate flux conserver M. R. Brown,a
Dipole trapped spheromak in a prolate flux conserver M. R. Brown,a C. D. Cothran, J. Fung, M. Chang reports the observation and characterization of a spheromak formed in the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment. The spheromak is studied in a prolate tilt unstable 0.4 m diameter, 0.6 m length copper flux conserver in SSX
Brown, Michael R.
Energy flux as a tool in locating tsunami secondary Kowalik Zygmunt
Energy flux as a tool in locating tsunami secondary sources Kowalik Zygmunt Institute Marine waves. Using these tsunami events we demonstrate that sudden changes caused by higher energy pulses in the intermittent tsunami wave trains can be assessed by energy fluxes. Therefore, to delineate the regions
Kowalik, Zygmunt
From sedimentary records to sediment budgets: Multiple approaches to catchment sediment flux
From sedimentary records to sediment budgets: Multiple approaches to catchment sediment flux.M., Germany Abstract This paper reviews the traditional approach to sediment budget studies in geomorphology sensing (LiDAR), geophysics and sediment-based dating techniques for flux rate estimation. The precision
Coupled Carbon/Water Fluxes in Complex Terrain, Water-Limited Forests Investigators
Coupled Carbon/Water Fluxes in Complex Terrain, Water-Limited Forests Investigators: Karen Humes of quantifying the magnitude, timing, distribution and coupling of carbon and water fluxes in mountainous forestlands. This includes one segment of the continuum of carbon and water flow from the "forest to the sea
Walden, Von P.
Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Metal Oxide Welding Fluxes
) Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Metal Oxide Welding Fluxes Some otherwise chemically stable fluxes may decompose into suboxides in the presence of welding arcs, thereby providing higher levels of 0 2 in weld metal than those oxides which do not form suboxides ABSTRACT. The stability of metal
Eagar, Thomas W.
Suppressed gross erosion of high-temperature lithium films under high-flux deuterium bombardment
P1-030 Suppressed gross erosion of high-temperature lithium films under high-flux deuterium) and thick (~500 m) lithium films under high-flux deuterium and neon plasma bombardment were studied. For Ne plasmas, Li erosion rates inferred from measurements of Li-I radiation are consistent
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Full Moon Flux Mapping the 400m2 "Big Dish" at the
flux mapping technique, has become a standard technique in many solar energy research institutes. Burgess, K. Lovegrove Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA E-mail: email@example.com Abstract Videographic flux mapping of a lunar
Effects of Radiative Diffusion on Thin Flux Tubes in Turbulent Solar-like Convection
We study the combined effects of convection and radiative diffusion on the evolution of thin magnetic flux tubes in the solar interior. Radiative diffusion is the primary supplier of heat to convective motions in the lower convection zone, and it results in a heat input per unit volume of magnetic flux tubes that has been ignored by many previous thin flux tube studies. We use a thin flux tube model subject to convection taken from a rotating spherical shell of turbulent, solar-like convection as described by Weber, Fan, and Miesch (2011, Astrophys. J., 741, 11; 2013, Solar Phys., 287, 239), now taking into account the influence of radiative heating on flux tubes of large-scale active regions. Our simulations show that flux tubes of less than or equal to 60 kG subject to solar-like convective flows do not anchor in the overshoot region, but rather drift upward due to the increased buoyancy of the flux tube earlier in its evolution as a result of the inclusion of radiative diffusion. Flux tubes of magnetic fie...
Weber, Maria A
Atomic flux measurement by diode-laser-based atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic flux measurement by diode-laser-based atomic absorption spectroscopy Weizhi Wang,a) R. H, California 94305 Received 5 May 1999; accepted 6 June 1999 Diode-laser-based atomic absorption AA sensors- quirements, and only the QCM measures the flux. Lamp- based atomic absorption AA sensors have been success
Fejer, Martin M.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO2 fluxes
Edinburgh Research Explorer Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO2 fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO2 concentrations made at a tall tower? Citation for published in landscape CO2 fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO2 concentrations made at a tall tower
Millar, Andrew J.
Entangling two superconducting LC coherent modes via a superconducting flux qubit
Based on a pure solid-state device consisting of two superconducting LC circuits coupled to a superconducting flux qubit, we propose in this paper that the maximally entangled coherent states of the two LC modes can be generated for arbitrary coherent states through flux qubit controls.
Mei-Yu Chen; Matisse W. Y. Tu; Wei-Min Zhang
Estimating sea ice area flux across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago using enhanced AMSR-E
. This produced a net loss of sea ice area of about 122 �? 103 km2 or roughly 174 km3 a�?1 which is presumedEstimating sea ice area flux across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago using enhanced AMSR-E T. Agnew is used to estimate daily sea ice area fluxes between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Arctic Ocean
Long, David G.
i MATERIAL FLUX ANALYSIS (MFA) FOR PLANNING OF DOMESTIC WASTES AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT: CASE nutrient management, organic waste, wastewater and septage that contained high concentration of nutrients area. The nitrogen fluxes in relation to organic waste and wastewater were chosen as indicators
Richner, Heinz
``Designing Lagrangian experiments to measure regional-scale trace gas fluxes''
``Designing Lagrangian experiments to measure regional-scale trace gas fluxes'' J. C. Lin,1 C gas fluxes at the land surface is essential for understanding the impact of human activities as they travel over the landscape. Successful Lagrangian experiments depend critically on forecasts of air parcel
Can Oceanic Freshwater Flux Amplify Global Warming? LIPING ZHANG AND LIXIN WU
Can Oceanic Freshwater Flux Amplify Global Warming? LIPING ZHANG AND LIXIN WU Physical Oceanography in global warming are studied using simulations of a climate model in which the freshwater flux changes that the warm climate leads to an acceleration of the global water cycle, which causes freshening in the high
Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux and
Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3636, USA. Summary The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a glo- bally significant sink that regulates methane flux from sediments into the oceans and atmosphere. Here we examine
Girguis, Peter R.
Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric
Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://mit.edu/cgcs/ Printed on recycled paper #12;Estimation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Fluxes using a 3-D Global Atmospheric Chemical Transport Model by Yu
INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND MATERIAL SOLUTIONS OF THERMAL CONTACT LAYERS FOR HIGH HEAT FLUX APPLICATIONS of sacrificial plasma facing components that have to handle the high heat and particle fluxes in ITER armour thermal and electrical contact with the cooled sub-structure while promoting remote, in
Tillack, Mark
, for a particular cavity geometry, affects the temperature distribution on the cavity walls, and the location-dimensional flux distribution in the focal region, in particular as an aid to receiver design. Inputs to the ray error on the completed dish. On-sun flux mapping of the image produced by individual mirror panels gave
FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE FLUX OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS FROM THE SUN AT THE SUDBURY NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY for approaching problems that I found to be more generally useful. Godwin Mayers, Chuck Alexander, Jim Cook and with me. v #12; ABSTRACT FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE FLUX OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS FROM THE SUN AT THE SUDBURY
Waltham, Chris
The Cosmological Signatures and Flux Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts with a Broad Luminosity Distribution
The cosmological expansion cannot produce the reported correlations of the gamma-ray burst timescale and spectral energy with peak flux if the burst model reproduces the BATSE 3B peak-flux distribution for a non-evolving burst source density. Power law luminosity distribution models proportional to L^{-beta} produce acceptables fits to the data for most values of the spectral parameters when beta 3 for peak fluxes near the BATSE threshold, and with an average redshift of < 1 for all values of peak flux. The reported correlations of the burst timescale and the spectral energy with peak flux are systematically 1 standard deviation above the monoluminous model and 1.5 to 2 standard deviation above the power-law luminosity model. These results suggest that an intrinsic correlation of burst timescale and spectral energy with luminosity is present.
J. J. Brainerd
Determining Reactor Flux from Xenon-136 and Cesium-135 in Spent Fuel
The ability to infer the reactor flux from spent fuel or seized fissile material would enhance the tools of nuclear forensics and nuclear nonproliferation significantly. We show that reactor flux can be inferred from the ratios of xenon-136 to xenon-134 and cesium-135 to cesium-137. If the average flux of a reactor is known, the flux inferred from measurements of spent fuel could help determine whether that spent fuel was loaded as a blanket or close to the mid-plane of the reactor. The cesium ratio also provides information on reactor shutdowns during the irradiation of fuel, which could prove valuable for identifying the reactor in question through comparisons with satellite reactor heat monitoring data. We derive analytic expressions for these correlations and compare them to experimental data and to detailed reactor burn simulations. The enrichment of the original uranium fuel affects the correlations by up to 3 percent, but only at high flux.
A. C. Hayes; Gerard Jungman
Plasma focus ion beam fluence and flux�For various gases
A recent paper derived benchmarks for deuteron beam fluence and flux in a plasma focus (PF) [S. Lee and S. H. Saw, Phys. Plasmas 19, 112703 (2012)]. In the present work we start from first principles, derive the flux equation of the ion beam of any gas; link to the Lee Model code and hence compute the ion beam properties of the PF. The results show that, for a given PF, the fluence, flux, ion number and ion current decrease from the lightest to the heaviest gas except for trend-breaking higher values for Ar fluence and flux. The energy fluence, energy flux, power flow, and damage factors are relatively constant from H{sub 2} to N{sub 2} but increase for Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe due to radiative cooling and collapse effects. This paper provides much needed benchmark reference values and scaling trends for ion beams of a PF operated in any gas.
Lee, S. [Centre for Plasma Research, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai (Malaysia) [Centre for Plasma Research, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai (Malaysia); Institute for Plasma Focus Studies, 32 Oakpark Drive, Chadstone 3148 (Australia); Physics Department, University of Malaya (Malaysia); Saw, S. H. [Centre for Plasma Research, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai (Malaysia) [Centre for Plasma Research, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai (Malaysia); Institute for Plasma Focus Studies, 32 Oakpark Drive, Chadstone 3148 (Australia)
Measurement of FLux Fluctuations in Diffusion in the Small-Numbers Limit
Using a microfluidics device filled with a colloidal suspension of microspheres, we test the laws of diffusion in the limit of small particle numbers. Our focus is not just on average properties such as the mean flux, but rather on the features of the entire distribution of allowed microscopic trajectories that are possible during diffusive dynamics. The experiments show that: (1) the flux distribution is Gaussian; (2) Fick's Law --- that the average flux is proportional to the particle gradient --- holds even for particle gradients down to one or zero particles; (3) the variance in the flux is proportional to the sum of the particle numbers; and (4) there are backwards flows, where particles flow up a concentration gradient, rather than down it, and their numbers are well-predicted by theory and consistent with a new Flux Fluctuation Theorem.
Effrosyni Seitaridou; Mandar M. Inamdar; Rob Phillips; Kingshuk Ghosh; Ken Dill
High flux isotope reactor cold source preconceptual design study report
In February 1995, the deputy director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) formed a group to examine the need for upgrades to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) system in light of the cancellation of the Advanced Neutron Source Project. One of the major findings of this study was that there was an immediate need for the installation of a cold neutron source facility in the HFIR complex. The anticipated cold source will consist of a cryogenic LH{sub 2} moderator plug, a cryogenic pump system, a refrigerator that uses helium gas as a refrigerant, a heat exchanger to interface the refrigerant with the hydrogen loop, liquid hydrogen transfer lines, a gas handling system that includes vacuum lines, and an instrumentation and control system to provide constant system status monitoring and to maintain system stability. The scope of this project includes the development, design, safety analysis, procurement/fabrication, testing, and installation of all of the components necessary to produce a working cold source within an existing HFIR beam tube. This project will also include those activities necessary to transport the cold neutron beam to the front face of the present HFIR beam room. The cold source project has been divided into four phases: (1) preconceptual, (2) conceptual design and research and development (R and D), (3) detailed design and procurement, and (4) installation and operation. This report marks the conclusion of the preconceptual phase and establishes the concept feasibility. The information presented includes the project scope, the preliminary design requirements, the preliminary cost and schedule, the preliminary performance data, and an outline of the various plans for completing the project.
Selby, D.L.; Bucholz, J.A.; Burnette, S.E. [and others
Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Briefing Book 1 Summary
This report documents the results of evaluations preformed during 1997 to determine what, if an, future role the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) might have in support of the Department of Energy�s tritium productions strategy. An evaluation was also conducted to assess the potential for the FFTF to produce medical isotopes. No safety, environmental, or technical issues associated with producing 1.5 kilograms of tritium per year in the FFTF have been identified that would change the previous evaluations by the Department of Energy, the JASON panel, or Putnam, Hayes & Bartlett. The FFTF can be refitted and restated by July 2002 for a total expenditure of $371 million, with an additional $64 million of startup expense necessary to incorporate the production of medical isotopes. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of reactor-generated medical isotopes will increase dramatically over the next decade. Essential medical isotopes can be produced in the FFTF simultaneously with tritium production, and while a stand-alone medical isotope mission for the facility cannot be economically justified given current marker conditions, conservative estimates based on a report by Frost &Sullivan indicate that 60% of the annual operational costs (reactor and fuel supply) could be offset by revenues from medical isotope production within 10 yeas of restart. The recommendation of the report is for the Department of Energy to continue to maintain the FFTF in standby and proceed with preparation of appropriate Nations Environmental Policy Act documentation in full consultation with the public to consider the FFTF as an interim tritium production option (1.5 kilograms/year) with a secondary mission of producing medical isotopes.
WJ Apley
Knowledge Management at the Fast Flux Test Facility
One of the goals of the Department of Energy�s Office of Nuclear Energy, initiated under the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program (FCRD) and continued under the Advanced Reactor Concepts Program (ARC) is to preserve the knowledge that has been gained in the United States on Liquid Metal Reactors (LMRs) that could support the development of an environmentally and economically sound nuclear fuel cycle. The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is the most recent LMR to operate in the United States, from 1982 to 1992, and was designed as a fully instrumented test reactor with on-line, real time test control and performance monitoring of components and tests installed in the reactor. The 10 years of operation of the FFTF provided a very useful framework for testing the advances in LMR safety technology based on passive safety features that may be of increased importance to new designs after the events at Fukushima. Knowledge preservation at the FFTF is focused on the areas of design, construction, and startup of the reactor, as well as on preserving information obtained from 10 years of successful operating history and extensive irradiation testing of fuels and materials. In order to ensure protection of information at risk, the program to date has sequestered reports, files, tapes, and drawings to allow for secure retrieval. The FFTF knowledge management program includes a disciplined and orderly approach to respond to client�s requests for documents and data in order to minimize the search effort and ensure that future requests for this information can be readily accommodated.
Wootan, David W.; Omberg, Ronald P.
Method and apparatus for measuring casing wall thickness using a flux generating coil with radial sensing coils and flux leakage sensing coils
This patent describes a casing wall inspection device controlled at an earth surface position for continual testing of well casing, comprising: a main coil axially aligned with the casing axis; means for energizing the main coil with an alternating current voltage to produce a primary flux distribution enveloping the casing adjacent the main coil; a plurality of radial sensing coils disposed in equi-spaced circumfery with each radial sensing coil placed radially outward from the main coil and providing a radial output; a plurality of flux leakage sensing coils supported in equal spacing in surround of the radial sensing coils and spring-urged against the casing wall with each providing a flux leakage output; transmitter means receiving input of the plural radial outputs and plural flux leakage outputs and transmitting a signal containing the radial and flux leakage outputs; and control means at the earth surface position for receiving the signal for processing to derive a continual evaluation of casing wall thickness.
Dew, E.G.
Slipping Magnetic Reconnection Triggering a Solar Eruption of a Triangle-flag Flux Rope
We firstly report the simultaneous activities of a slipping motion of flare loops and a slipping eruption of a flux rope in 131 {\\AA} and 94 {\\AA} channels on 2014 February 02. The east hook-like flare ribbon propagated slippingly at a speed of about 50 km s$^{-1}$, which lasted about 40 min and extended by more than 100 Mm, but the west flare ribbon moved in the opposite direction with a speed of 30 km s$^{-1}$. At the later phase of the flare activity, a "bi-fan" system of flare loops was well developed. The east footpoints of the flux rope showed an apparent slipping motion along the hook of the ribbon, simultaneously the fine structures of the flux rope rose up rapidly at a speed of 130 km s$^{-1}$, much faster the whole flux rope. We infer that the east footpoints of the flux rope are successively heated by a slipping magnetic reconnection during the flare, which results in the apparent slippage of the flux rope. The slipping motion delineates a "triangle-flag surface" of the flux rope, implying that the...
Li, Ting
Flux Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds from an Urban Tower Platform in Houston, Texas: Trends and Tracers
and traffic counts except during variable working hours. To assign measured fluxes to local sources, we tested a bulk flux footprint model (Kormann and Meixner model) designed for uniform emission surface areas in this urban, heterogeneous landscape. Tracer...
Hale, Martin C
Thorium-234 as a tracer of spatial, temporal and vertical variability in particle flux in the North Pacific
Thorium-234 as a tracer of spatial, temporal and vertical variability in particle flux in the North Available online 16 April 2009 Keywords: Thorium-234 Particle flux Sediment trap Scavenging North Pacific
Siegel, David A.
Photodegradation effects in materials exposed to high flux solar and solar simulated radiation
This report contains study results about photodegradation effects in materials exposed to high flux solar and solar simulated radiation. The studies show that high flux photoirradiation of materials can result in significant changes in the stability of materials. Photodesorption and photo-enhanced oxidation were determined to be the major mechanisms. These mechanisms were shown to affect, in extremely adverse ways, the expected thermal stability of solar relevant materials, especially stainless steels, (It is expected that related high temperature alloy steels will be similarly affected.) An analytical expression was generated to predict the flux behavior of the steels using {number_sign}304 as a prototypical stainless steel system.
Ignatiev, A. [Houston Univ., TX (United States)
This report contains study results about photodegradation effects in materials exposed to high flux solar and solar simulated radiation. The studies show that high flux photoirradiation of materials can result in significant changes in the stability of materials. Photodesorption and photo-enhanced oxidation were determined to be the major mechanisms. These mechanisms were shown to affect, in extremely adverse ways, the expected thermal stability of solar relevant materials, especially stainless steels, (It is expected that related high temperature alloy steels will be similarly affected.) An analytical expression was generated to predict the flux behavior of the steels using {number sign}304 as a prototypical stainless steel system.
Ignatiev, A [Houston Univ., TX (United States)
Variable enstrophy flux and energy spectrum in two-dimensional turbulence with Ekman friction
Experiments and numerical simulations reveal that in the forward cascade regime, the energy spectrum of two-dimensional turbulence with Ekman friction deviates from Kraichnan's prediction of $k^{-3}$ power spectrum. In this letter we explain this observation using an analytic model based on variable enstrophy flux arising due to Ekman friction. We derive an expression for the enstrophy flux which exhibits a logarithmic dependence in the inertial range for the Ekman-friction dominated flows. The energy spectrum obtained using this enstrophy flux shows a power law scaling for large Reynolds number and small Ekman friction, but has an exponential behaviour for large Ekman friction and relatively small Reynolds number.
Mahendra K. Verma
ARM: Fractional cloud cover, clear-sky and all-sky shortwave flux for each of 25 individual SGP facilities.
Fractional cloud cover, clear-sky and all-sky shortwave flux for each of 25 individual SGP facilities.
Gaustad, Krista; Gaustad, Krista; McFarlane, Sally; McFarlane, Sally
Large-Eddy Simulations of Zero-Net-Mass-Flux Jet Based Separation Control in a Canonical Separated
Large-Eddy Simulations of Zero-Net-Mass-Flux Jet Based Separation Control in a Canonical Separated by Mittal et al1 for investigating active separation control using zero-net-mass-flux jets. Large. Zero-net-mass-flux forcing of the separated flow at the superharmonics of this baseline lock
Reduced-Order Models of Zero-Net Mass-Flux Jets for Large-Scale Flow Control Simulations
Reduced-Order Models of Zero-Net Mass-Flux Jets for Large-Scale Flow Control Simulations Reni Raju computational tools are well suited for modeling the dynamics of zero-net mass-flux actuators, the computational vorticity, (s-1 ) I. Introduction ERO-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators or "synthetic jets" have potential
in press, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, April 18, 2007 Carbon dioxide and oxygen fluxes in the Southern Ocean
found to affect oxygen fluxes. We find that ENSO also plays an important role in generating interannualin press, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, April 18, 2007 Carbon dioxide and oxygen fluxes College, London, UK Abstract. We analyze the variability of air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Marshall, John
forced convection micro-channel heat sinks for minimum pump power at high heat fluxes. Results gained orders of magnitude, especially for high heat flux devices. Using water and air as coolants, designs for heat fluxes of >10 kW/cm2 and >100 W/cm2 respectively with pump/fan power expenses less than 1
Müller, Norbert
Urban Energy Fluxes in Built-Up Downtown Areas and Variations across the Urban Area, for Use in Dispersion Models
Surface energy fluxes, at averaging times from 10 min to 1 h, are needed as inputs to most state-of-the-art dispersion models. The sensible heat flux is a major priority, because it is combined with the momentum flux to ...
Hanna, Steven
Surface energy budget over the South Pole and turbulent heat fluxes as a function of an empirical bulk Richardson number
Surface energy budget over the South Pole and turbulent heat fluxes as a function of an empirical in the monthly mean surface energy budget and to investigate the behavior of turbulent heat fluxes under stable and one as the residual of the surface energy budget (i.e., subsurface heat fluxes minus net radiation
Mechanisms of air-sea CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic
Mechanisms of air-sea CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic Galen A circulation model is used to estimate the magnitude of interannual variability in air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 from 19801998 and to examine the controlling mechanisms. The global variability in the air-sea flux
Follows, Mick
ARM: Short Wave Flux Analysis: 15-min resolution on SIRS data, Long algorithm
Short Wave Flux Analysis: 15-min resolution on SIRS data, Long algorithm. Measurements began in January, 1994, and have continued to the present time. Data collected are from the Southern Great Plains (SGP) location.
Stoffel, Tom; Kay, Bev; Habte, Aron; Anderberg, Mary; Kutchenreiter, Mark
Design and optimization of a high thermal flux research reactor via Kriging-based algorithm
In response to increasing demands for the services of research reactors, a 5 MW LEU-fueled research reactor core is developed and optimized to provide high thermal flux within specified limits upon thermal hydraulic ...
Kempf, Stephanie Anne
Blade dynamics and flux measurements for model seagrass blades in waves and currents
Complex interactions between flow conditions, blade posture, and mass transport processes, represent a challenge to fully understanding the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the flux of nutrients to the blade surface ...
Connor, Erin Grace
Nano-engineering the boiling surface for optimal heat transfer rate and critical heat flux
The effects on pool boiling characteristics such as critical heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient of different surface characteristics such as surface wettability, roughness, morphology, and porosity are not well ...
Phillips, Bren Andrew
Biological control of vertical carbon flux in the California current and Equatorial Pacific
carbon to depth (e.g. Bruland and Silver 1981; Landry et al.flux of organic matter to the deep sea (Bruland and Silver1981; Silver and Bruland 1981; Pfannkuche and Lochte 1993).
Stukel, Michael Raymond
Prediction of the reactor antineutrino flux for the Double Chooz experiment
This thesis benchmarks the deterministic lattice code, DRAGON, against data, and then applies this code to make a prediction for the antineutrino flux from the Chooz BI and B2 reactors. Data from the destructive assay of ...
Jones, Christopher LaDon
The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air�Sea Fluxes
Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 3�C, although very localized events may reach 7��8�C. ...
Clayson, Carol Anne
Length Scale Analysis of Surface Energy Fluxes Derived from Remote Sensing
Wavelet multiresolution analysis was used to examine the variation in dominant length scales determined
from remotely sensed airborne- and satellite-derived surface energy flux data. The wavelet cospectra are computed
between ...
Brunsell, Nathaniel A.; Gillies, Robert R.
Marine particle dynamics : sinking velocities, size distributions, fluxes, and microbial degradation rates
The sinking flux of particulate matter into the ocean interior is an oceanographic phenomenon that fuels much of the metabolic demand of the subsurface ocean and affects the distribution of carbon and other elements ...
McDonnell, Andrew M. P
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-gap flux density Sample Search Results
Permanent Magnet Motor for Critical Summary: Vs : Hysteresis loss coefficients, Bpp (Tesla) : Peak-to-Peak value of flux density, ke0.022 AmV : Eddy current... and validated...
Advances in measurements of particle cycling and fluxes in the ocean
The sinking flux of particles is an important removal mechanism of carbon from the surface ocean as part of the biological pump and can play a role in cycling of other chemical species. This work dealt with improving methods ...
Owens, Stephanie Anne
Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean
over the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. - Atmos. ,air/sea fluxes over S. Pacific Ocean References Asher, W.in the equa- torial Pacific Ocean ( 1982 to 1996): Evidence
Marandino, C. A; De Bruyn, W. J; Miller, S. D; Saltzman, E. S
Root cause analysis of solder flux residue incidence in the manufacture of electronic power modules
This work investigates the root causes of the incidence of solder flux residue underneath electronic components in the manufacture of power modules. The existing deionized water-based centrifugal cleaning process was ...
Jain, Pranav
EA-0993: Shutdown of the Fast Flux Testing Facility, Richland, Washington
This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site's proposal to place the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) in a radiologically and industrially safe shutdown...
Use of a moments method for the analysis of flux distributions in subcritical assemblies
A moments method has been developed for the analysis of flux distributions in subcritical neutron-multiplying assemblies. The method determines values of the asymptotic axial and radial buckling, and of the extrapolated ...
Cheng, Hsiang-Shou
Eddy covariance flux measurements of pollutant gases in urban Mexico City
Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of the atmosphere/surface exchange of gases over an urban area are a direct way to improve and evaluate emissions inventories, and, in turn, to better understand urban atmospheric ...
Velasco, Erik
Measurements of the Solar Neutrino Flux from Super-Kamiokande's First 300 Days
The first results of the solar neutrino flux measurement from Super-Kamiokande are presented. The results shown here are obtained from data taken between the 31st of May, 1996, and the 23rd of June, 1997. Using our measurement of recoil electrons with energies above 6.5 MeV, we infer the total flux of 8B solar neutrinos to be 2.42+-0.06(stat.)+0.10-0.07(syst.)*10^6/cm^2/s. This result is consistent with the Kamiokande measurement and is 36% of the flux predicted by the BP95 solar model. The flux is also measured in 1.5 month subsets and shown to be consistent with a constant rate.
The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration; :; Y. Fukuda et al
A nonparametric method for separating photosynthesis and respiration components in CO2 flux measurements
A nonparametric method for separating photosynthesis and respiration components in CO2 flux dependence of photosynthesis and respiration. This observation provides empirical validation of efforts consideration of the temperature dependence of respiration and photosynthesis are likely to carry significant
Field measurements of a swell band, shore normal, flux divergence reversal
Throughout this thesis we will discuss the theoretical background and empirical observation of a swell band shore normal flux divergence reversal. Specifically, we will demonstrate the existence and persistence of the ...
Link, Shmuel G
Alumina Nanoparticle Pre-coated Tubing Ehancing Subcooled Flow Boiling Cricital Heat Flux
Nanofluids are engineered colloidal dispersions of nano-sized particle in common base fluids. Previous pool boiling studies have shown that nanofluids can improve critical heat flux (CHF) up to 200% for pool boiling and ...
Truong, Bao H.
Sensitivity of ultracold atoms to quantized flux in a superconducting ring
We report on the magnetic trapping of an ultracold ensemble of $^{87}$Rb atoms close to a superconducting ring prepared in different states of quantized magnetic flux. The niobium ring of 10 $\\mu$m radius is prepared in a flux state $n \\Phi_0$, with $\\Phi_0 = h / 2e$ the flux quantum and $n$ varies between $\\pm 5$. An atomic cloud of 250 nK temperature is positioned with a harmonic magnetic trapping potential at $\\sim 18 \\mu$m distance below the ring. The inhomogeneous magnetic field of the supercurrent in the ring contributes to the magnetic trapping potential of the cloud. The induced deformation of the magnetic trap impacts the shape of the cloud, the number of trapped atoms as well as the center-of-mass oscillation frequency of Bose-Einstein condensates. When the field applied during cooldown of the chip is varied, the change of these properties shows discrete steps that quantitatively match flux quantization.
Weiss, P; Bernon, S; Bothner, D; S�rk�ny, L; Zimmermann, C; Kleiner, R; Koelle, D; Fort�gh, J; Hattermann, H
Are ghost surfaces and quadratic-flux-minimizing surfaces the same?
12 2 2 10 || parallel diffusion dominates perpendicular diffusio solved numerically on grid 2 2 heat, 1 Nov 2009, Atlanta, GA, USA ( ) -10 || ||heat transport is anisotropic: 0 with / =10 if nested flux
Separate effects of surface roughness, wettability, and porosity on the boiling critical heat flux
The separate effects of surface wettability, porosity, and roughness on the critical heat flux (CHF) of water were examined using engineered surfaces. Values explored were 0, 5, 10, and 15??m for Rz (roughness), <5�, ?75�, ...
O'Hanley, Harry
E-Print Network 3.0 - anomalous flux-ratio gravitational Sample...
57 THE FIRST OBSERVATION OF SULFUR IN ANOMALOUS COSMIC RAYS BY THE GEOTAIL AND THE WIND SPACECRAFTS Summary: that the threshold FIP is at least as small as 10.4 eV. The flux...
E-Print Network 3.0 - analyze magnetic flux Sample Search Results
Engineering 2 Multiple-spacecraft study of an extended magnetic structure in the solar wind Summary: in this paper do not include magnetic clouds, which are large flux-rope-type...
Scales, Growth Rates, and Spectral Fluxes of Baroclinic Instability in the Ocean
An observational, modeling, and theoretical study of the scales, growth rates, and spectral fluxes of baroclinic instability in the ocean is presented, permitting a discussion of the relation between the local instability ...
Tulloch, Ross
Observations of turbulent fluxes and turbulence dynamics in the ocean surface boundary layer
This study presents observations of turbulence dynamics made during the low winds portion of the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer experiment (CBLAST-Low). Observations were made of turbulent fluxes, turbulent ...
Gerbi, Gregory Peter
Estimating regional methane surface fluxes: the relative importance of surface and GOSAT mole fraction measurements
We use an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), together with the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, to estimate regional monthly methane (CH[subscript 4]) fluxes for the period June 2009�December 2010 using proxy dry-air ...
Fraser, A.
Etude des flux de leucine : total, catabolisme oxydatif, synthse et catabolisme protique,
synthesis and protein degradation - were studied in male rats weighing 160 and 300 g and infused h of infusion. The excretion rate of 14C02was estimated during infusion. Total leucine flux
Finite ballooning angle effects on ion temperature gradient driven mode in gyrokinetic flux tube simulations
This paper presents effects of finite ballooning angles on linear ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven mode and associated heat and momentum flux in Gyrokinetic flux tube simulation GENE. It is found that zero ballooning angle is not always the one at which the linear growth rate is maximum. The ITG mode acquires a short wavelength (SW) branch (k{sub ?}?{sub i}?>?1) when growth rates maximized over all ballooning angles are considered. However, the SW branch disappears on reducing temperature gradient showing characteristics of zero ballooning angle SWITG in case of extremely high temperature gradient. Associated heat flux is even with respect to ballooning angle and maximizes at nonzero ballooning angle while the parallel momentum flux is odd with respect to the ballooning angle.
Singh, Rameswar, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, Gujarat 2382 428 (India) [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, Gujarat 2382 428 (India); Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Brunner, S. [CRPP, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)] [CRPP, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne (Switzerland); Ganesh, R. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, Gujarat 2382 428 (India)] [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, Gujarat 2382 428 (India); Jenko, F. [Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching (Germany)] [Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching (Germany)
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric neutrino flux Sample Search...
a prediction of a measurable flux of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs... used the result from the SuperKamiokande ... Source: Bahcall, John -...
Mixed Layer Lateral Eddy Fluxes Mediated by Air-Sea Interaction
The modulation of air�sea heat fluxes by geostrophic eddies due to the stirring of temperature at the sea surface is discussed and quantified. It is argued that the damping of eddy temperature variance by such air�sea ...
Shuckburgh, Emily
The role of the geothermal heat flux in driving the abyssal ocean circulation
The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the geothermal heat flux (GHF) from the solid Earth into the ocean plays a non-negligible role in determining both abyssal stratification and circulation strength. Based ...
Mashayek, A.
Diffuse neutrinos from extragalactic supernova remnants: Dominating the 100 TeV IceCube flux
IceCube has measured a diffuse astrophysical flux of TeV-PeV neutrinos. The most plausible sources are unique high energy cosmic ray accelerators like hypernova remnants (HNRs) and remnants from gamma ray bursts in star-burst galaxies, which can produce primary cosmic rays with the required energies and abundance. In this case, however, ordinary supernova remnants (SNRs), which are far more abundant than HNRs, produce a comparable or larger neutrino flux in the ranges up to 100-150 TeV energies, implying a spectral break in the IceCube signal around these energies. The SNRs contribution in the diffuse flux up to these hundred TeV energies provides a natural baseline and then constrains the expected PeV flux.
Chakraborty, Sovan
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