text:
A method for fabricating titanium-indiffusion waveguides in optical modulators and other optical waveguide devices includes disposing titanium, strips in a waveguide pattern on the surface of a crystalline substrate, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, and indiffusing the titanium atoms into the crystalline substrate by creating a flowing, wet deuterium oxide (D2O) environment, raising the temperature in the D2O environment to a temperature within the range of 900 degrees Celsius and 1100 degrees Celsius and maintaining the temperature for a period of time that will allow for the necessary indiffusion of titanium to occur within the crystal substrate. The Ti-indiffusion waveguides that result from performing the Ti-indiffusion process in a flowing, wet D2O environment include crystalline substrates, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, titanium strips disposed in a waveguide pattern on the crystalline substrate and a diffusion region resulting from high temperature processing in a flowing, wet D2O environment.
1. A titanium indiffusion waveguide structure, comprising:
an electro-optic crystalline substrate;
a titanium indiffusion region extending beneath the surface of the substrate, said titanium indiffusion region having a crystalline structure; and
deuterium disposed in said titanium indiffusion region.
2. A structure according to
a buffer layer formed of an insulator disposed over said crystalline substrate.
3. A structure according to
4. A structure according to
5. A structure according to
6. A structure according to
a layer including chromium disposed over said buffer layer; and
an electrode disposed over said chromium-containing layer, said electrode containing gold.
7. An optical modulator structure, comprising:
an electro-optic crystalline substrate;
at least a pair of titanium indiffusion regions extending beneath the surface of the substrate, said titanium indiffusion regions having a crystalline structure; and
deuterium disposed in said titanium indiffusion regions, said titanium indiffusion regions being substantially free of free-flowing protons.
8. A structure according to
a buffer layer formed of an insulator disposed over said crystalline substrate.
9. A structure according to
silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
10. A structure according to
11. A structure according to
12. A structure according to
a layer including chromium disposed over said buffer layer; and
electrodes disposed over said chromium-containing layer, said electrodes containing gold.
13. A method for fabricating a titanium-indiffusion waveguide, said method comprising:
disposing titanium in the desired form of the waveguide on the surface of an electro-optic crystalline substrate;
wetting a carrier gas with deuterium oxide (D2O);
flowing the wet carrier gas through a container containing the substrate;
heating the substrate for a period of time to a temperature sufficient to cause the titanium to indiffuse into the substrate;
cooling the substrate down to about room temperature; and
sustaining the wet D2O environment throughout the titanium indiffusion process.
14. A structure according to
15. A method for fabricating an optical modulator having at least two titanium indiffusion waveguides, said method comprising:
disposing a pair of titanium strips in the desired form of at least a pair of corresponding waveguides on the surface of an electro-optic crystalline substrate;
wetting a carrier gas with deuterium oxide (D2O);
flowing the wet carrier gas through a container containing the substrate;
heating the substrate for a period of time to a temperature sufficient to cause the titanium to indiffuse into the substrate;
cooling the substrate down to about room temperature, the wet D2O environment being sustained throughout the titanium indiffusion process;
disposing a buffer layer over at least the titanium-indiffused portion of the substrate; and
disposing electrodes on the buffer layer.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/418,725, filed on Oct. 15, 1999 now U.S. Pat No. 6,625,368, in the name of inventors Lee J. Burrows and William B. Bridges, entitled "Titanium-Indiffusion Waveguides and Method of Fabrication", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,625,368 B1, issued Sep. 23, 2003. This application is also related to: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/157,652 filed Sep. 21, 1998 in the name of inventor Lee J. Burrows, entitled "Articles Useful As Optical Waveguides and Method for Manufacturing Same"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/309,361 filed May 11, 1999, in the name of inventor Lee J. Burrows, entitled "Method for Pressurized Annealing of Lithium Niobate and Resulting Lithium Niobate Structures"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/419,347 filed on Oct. 15, 1999, in the name of inventor Lee J. Burrows, entitled "Ion Exchange Waveguides and Methods of Fabrication", and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/419,349 filed on Oct. 15, 1999 in the name of inventor Lee J. Burrows, entitled "Titanium-Indiffusion Waveguides", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,567,598 B1, issued May 20, 2003, all commonly assigned.
The United States Government has certain rights in this invention pursuant to Grant No. F-19628-95-C-0002 awarded by the United States Air Force.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for fabricating titanium indiffusion (Ti-indiffusion) waveguides in optical modulators using a deuterium oxide (D2O) diffusion process and the resulting waveguides and modulators. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for fabricating lithium niobate or lithium tantalate modulators by bubbling oxygen (O2) through deuterium oxide to create a wet environment for the Ti-indiffusion process.
2. Background
Optoelectronic components can be fabricated on several types of substrates including polymers, glass, semiconductors (e.g., gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP)) and inorganic materials (e.g., lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)). Characteristically, an electro-optic material is one in which the index of refraction changes with the application of an electric field. One of the most important components in optoelectronic systems is the modulator. Three competing technologies in this realm are: direct modulation of a semiconductor laser, semiconductor electro-absorption modulators, and the lithium niobate modulator. Currently, lithium niobate modulators are the modulation devices of choice for many systems because they yield high performance, are a relatively mature technology and other modulation schemes impose limits not faced with lithium niobate modulators.
Lithium niobate has proven to be a suitable medium for components such as amplitude modulators, phase modulators, optical switches, polarization transformers, tunable filters and wavelength-selective optical add/drop filters. Lithium niobate has also been used as the host for solid state lasers using rare earth ions, e.g., erbium. Most current telecommunication and cable television system applications for LiNbO3 modulators involve discrete components for the optical transmitter subsystem. This configuration couples continuous wave lasers, typically diode-pumped YAG or erbium fiber oscillators, with lithium niobate external modulators and various wavelength and power stabilization components.
Lithium niobate is a popular nonlinear optical crystal for several reasons including its large electro-optic coefficients, the ease with which high quality optical waveguides are fabricated and its amenability to conventional integrated circuit processing techniques. High quality optical waveguides are those that possess low loss and relatively high power handling capabilities. Additionally, LiNbO3 is a hard material, thus it is easily polished for optical fiber coupling which makes its use in optical network systems relatively uncomplicated. It is also a relatively inexpensive crystal, due in part to its long history of use in surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) filters for radio frequencies. By comparison, lithium tantalate LiTaO3 is essentially interchangeable with lithium niobate as far as modulator characteristics are concerned, but the use of LiTaO3 is often cost prohibitive because it is not as widely commercially used as LiNbO3. Additionally, other optical crystalline structures having the formula RMO3, where R is an alkaline earth metal, M is a Group IVB or Group VB metal, and O is oxygen can conceivably be used in the fabrication of waveguides and modulators.
For example, one type of modulator incorporating the use of LiNbO3 is a Mach-Zehnder modulator. In a Mach-Zehnder modulator an incoming optical beam is split equally at a Y junction into two parallel waveguides, which then recombine at another Y junction after some distance. Electrodes are used to apply an electric field in the region of the optical waveguides. The electric field causes a relative phase shift between the two branches. If the phase shift in both arms is the same, then the two optical signals will recombine constructively at the second Y branch and no optical power will be lost. If there is a phase difference between the two arms, then there will be destructive interference and some optical power will be lost. The resulting destructive and constructive interference causes the output optical intensity to vary between a minimum and a maximum value.
In other electro-optic applications optical waveguide directional couplers can also be used as electro-optic modulators. In this type of modulator two waveguides are placed on the lithium niobate substrate in very close proximity to one another. The wave from one guide can "leak" into the other guide. By applying an electric field to the lithium niobate, the amount of "leakage" can be controlled, thus modulating the transfer of power from one guide to the other. Currently, different commercial application requirements favor either directional couplers or Mach-Zehnder modulators.
The advantage of high-speed, large bandwidth, digital or analog communications has led to a demand for the external modulator configuration. The most common approach utilizes a low-noise, high power diode-pumped laser whose signal is sent to the LiNbO3 modulator via optical fiber. The modulator applies either analog or digital information to the optical carrier.
When using lithium niobate in the fabrication of optical waveguides and optical modulators it is desired to avoid having a niobium-rich, lithium-poor and/or oxygen poor composition. When bulk lithium niobate has such niobium rich-compositions, and is then processed at high temperatures (T>300 degrees Celsius), growth of the LiNb3O8 phase in the crystal may occur. This phase is undesirable because it is not optically transparent and leads to high losses in optical waveguides and optical modulators.
Such niobium-rich compositions can occur in two different manners during fabrication of optical waveguides and optical modulators. First, typical ion exchange procedures result in the replacement of lithium atoms in the crystal lattice with a diffusion ion leading to a lithium niobate composition relatively rich in niobium. Second, standard high temperature (temperatures in excess of 300 degrees Celsius) processing of lithium niobate can cause Li2O out-diffusion, and result in niobium-rich, and lithium and oxygen poor compositions.
Ti-indiffusion waveguides are one of the more commonly used optical waveguides currently in existence. The Ti-indiffusion process drives titanium atoms into the crystal structure lattice causing titanium atoms to either disperse interstitially in the lattice or replace niobium atoms. This process results in one or more refractive indices (e.g., the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices) of the crystal substrate being altered in the region where the titanium indiffusion occurs to create an optical waveguide.
Ti-indiffusion implements high temperature processing (temperatures in the range of 900 to 1100 degrees Celsius). To eliminate the undesired LiNb3O8 phase from forming in the crystal during Ti-indiffusion processing it is usually performed in a wet atmosphere of inert carrier gas, such as nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar2), or in a wet atmosphere of oxygen (O2). This type of indiffusion process involves bubbling the inert carrier gas or oxygen gas through water (H2O). The wet atmosphere has been considered beneficial in the past because the H2O breaks down into H+ and OH− ions which chemically attack the LiNb3O8 phase, and break it back down into LiNbO3. The present inventors have discovered that a drawback of this type of high temperature processing is that the H2O gives off undesirable protons (H+) which are attracted by the lithium niobate and result in an inadvertent proton-exchanged surface layer occurring. These protons remain in the modulators after fabrication and flow relatively freely among the waveguides, the electrodes, the lithium niobate crystal and the buffer layer interface. It is now understood that these free flowing protons can and do adversely affect a modulator's DC-bias stability because they act as charge carriers and are driven by the applied electric fields, causing the response of the final product to drift over time when a bias is applied.
It would therefore be highly advantageous to devise a fabrication method for Ti-indiffusion waveguides that uses an improved flowing, wet atmosphere Ti-indiffusion process that does not introduce significant numbers of free flowing protons into the waveguide construct that adversely affect the waveguide/modulator's DC-bias stability.
A method for fabricating titanium-indiffusion waveguides in optical modulators and other optical waveguide devices includes disposing titanium strips in a waveguide pattern on the surface of a crystalline substrate, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, and indiffusing the titanium atoms into the crystalline substrate by creating a flowing, wet deuterium oxide (D2O) environment, raising the temperature in the D2O environment to a temperature within the range of 900 degrees Celsius and 1100 degrees Celsius and maintaining the temperature for a period of time that will allow for the necessary indiffusion of titanium to occur within the crystal substrate. The Ti-indiffusion waveguides that result from performing the Ti-indiffusion process in a flowing, wet D2O environment include crystalline substrates, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, titanium strips disposed in a waveguide pattern on the crystalline substrate and a diffusion region resulting from high temperature processing in a flowing, wet D2O environment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following description of the present invention is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons from an examination of the within disclosure.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for fabricating a Ti-indiffusion optical waveguide in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) optical modulators whereby the indiffusion environment is created by bubbling oxygen (O2) through deuterium oxide (D2O) to create flowing wet environment that is devoid of free protons. Ti-indiffusion optical waveguide fabrication involves altering one or more refractive indices (e.g., the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices) of the crystal substrate in the region where the titanium indiffusion occurs to create an optical waveguide. The following exemplary description of the modulator fabrication process is intended to limit the introduction of undesirable free protons into the fabrication process.
The present invention may also be defined as a method for fabricating a Ti-indiffusion waveguide in a lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) optical modulator. Lithium tantalate is closely related in terms of electro-optical properties to LiNbO3 but is not currently widely used in commercial electro-optical modulator applications because to do so would be cost prohibitive. The same or similar indiffusion process as described below for LiNbO3 would be employed in the Ti-indiffusion waveguides fabricated from a LiTaO3 substrate. Additionally, the crystal substrate that is used to form the optical modulator may be formed from a crystalline structure having the formula RMO3, where R is an alkaline earth metal, M is a Group IVB or Group VB metal, and O is oxygen.
Referring to
Shown in
Referring to
After the completion of the etch process, the photo resist material is stripped away by subjecting modulator build 10 to an oxygen plasma or by using an acetone wash procedure. As before, the use of acids for stripping purposes should preferably be avoided as they have a tendency to introduce free protons into the modulator structure and these free protons increase the likelihood of drift in the modulators. The resulting structure is shown in
Shown in
The Ti-indiffusion process begins by placing a modulator build in a container that allows for the formation of a flowing, wet environment. By way of example, the container may be a tube-like structure constructed from a quartz material.
The use of D2O as the component that creates the wet atmosphere is preferred over prior art processes that involve H2O. In prior art Ti-indiffusion optical waveguide fabrication, H2O is preferred because it serves to attack the undesirable LiNB3O8 phase and breaks it down into LiNbO3. As previously discussed, growth of the LiNB3O8 phase can occur when LiNbO3 is processed at temperatures exceeding 300 degrees Celsius. The LiNB3O, phase is undesirable because it tends to not be optically transparent and it leads to high losses in optical waveguides. However, processing in a wet atmosphere created from H2O has the high-risk potential for creating a proton exchanged surface layer on the waveguide build. These protons remain in the sample after processing and can adversely affect a modulator's DC-bias stability either through mobility in the crystal substrate surface layer, or along the crystal substrate/buffer layer interface.
The deuterium atom has an additional neutron in the presence of a hydrogen atom, and has a mass approximately twice that of a normal hydrogen atom. Since the deuterium is a heavier atom, it possesses a higher activation energy and, therefore, is less likely to move out of the binding site than would be a lighter proton. Additionally, the deuterium atoms are closer in size to the lithium atoms than protons. Protons which differ in size from the replaced lithium atoms, have a tendency to be more mobile in the crystal lattice. As a result of this mobility, the optical waveguides and the refractive index tend to drift over time, which alters the output intensity of the waveguide. However, when deuterium ions diffuse into the lithium niobate crystal structure and replace lithium atoms they tend to "lock down" in the crystal lattice and provide for more overall stability in the lattice. By implanting deuteron ions instead of protons during the Ti-indiffusion process, a decrease in the DC-bias stability of about √{square root over (2)} should be realized. This decrease is evident because bias drift is perceived to be dependant on ion diffusion proportional to the square root of the ionic mass. Additionally, D2O provides the same benefit as H2O in that it serves to chemically attack the undesirable LiNB3O8 phase and break it down into LiNbO3. It should be noted that tritium (T or 3H) may also be advantageously used instead of deuterium (D or 2H) and should be considered an equivalent. Due to military restrictions, however, tritium is not presently widely commercially available in significant quantities.
Turning now to
The Ti-indiffusion process may commence once the modulator build is properly positioned in the indiffusion chamber; either within a quartz tube-structure (as shown in
The Ti-indiffusion proceeds by raising the temperature (
The required duration of the indiffusion process will depend upon the thickness of the crystal substrate and the depth of the desired Ti-indiffusion. The indiffusion period (
The indiffusion process is completed by cooling the modulator build structure back down to approximately room temperature (
Referring again to the modulator build 10,
As shown in
Referring to
Once the electrodes have been fabricated, the modulator build 10 undergoes a post build anneal process to relieve stress in the crystal, the electrodes and/or the buffer layer. In some instances, this anneal step may also be performed after the formation of buffer layer 22. This anneal process may be conducted in a flowing, wet D2O environment to eliminate the likelihood of free protons contaminating the modulator build. Lithium niobate has inherently high stress coefficients and relieving stress is essential to assure that output drift does not occur in the modulators. The preferred anneal temperature is about 300 degrees Celsius. Possible carrier gasses include oxygen, nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, or another gas essentially non-reactive with the substrate to flow into the bubbling apparatus 112 as described above. The flow rate of the carrier gas may preferably be within the range of 0.2 SCFH to about 5.0 SCFH with about 1.2 SCFH presently preferred as above. The preferred anneal duration is about 4 hours to about 6 hours.
Alternative Embodiments
Although illustrative presently preferred embodiments and applications of this invention are shown and described herein, many variations and modifications are possible which remain within the concept, scope and spirit of the invention, and these variations would become clear to those skilled in the art after a perusal of this application. The invention, therefore, is not limited except in spirit of the appended claims.
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Recipe by Heather Green
"This recipe follows the paleo diet. If you aren't a carrot person, you can easily substitute with sweet potatoes. Optional: sprinkle cinnamon on top before serving. Enjoy!"
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1 teaspoon
coconut oil, or as needed
2 pounds
baby carrots
1/2 cup
coconut oil, melted
1/4 cup
coconut flour
2 tablespoons
lemon juice
1 tablespoon
vanilla extract
1 tablespoon
1 tablespoon
ground nutmeg
1 1/2 teaspoons
ground cinnamon
1 1/2 teaspoons
baking soda
1/2 teaspoon
eggs, at room temperature
Initially thought this was a bit bland, but then as leftovers found I ate every last bit, so guess I liked it more than I thought I did. Made it for a Paleo food swap (gym food challenge) and it got rave reviews from everyone else.
I prepared this recipe exactly as written. It looked and smelled wonderful. But both my husband and I did not care for it.
7 Ratings
I hate to be a party pooper since everyone else liked it so much, but I only thought it was so so. I'll probably never make this again because I have another carrot soufflé recipe that I like much better than this one.
I wasn't sure if this recipe was a side dish or a dessert...now that I've made it, I'll call it an elegant side dish! It is definitely worth the time it requires to make it...slightly sweet, but savory enough...it would be wonderful for Thanksgiving fare. Will save this one and use often!
This is such a special recipe. It turned out great and looked beautiful. I found it because i had some coconut flour to use up. It takes a lot of time to make and mine should have cooked longer. I took it out after 45 minutes even though the center looked jiggly because everyone was waiting for it. I think it needed the 60 minutes. It has a sweet taste without a lot of sugar. I will defiantly make this one again and try it with sweet potatoes.
This is delicious
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Carrot Souffle
Serving Size: 1/8 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 8
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 258
Calories from Fat: 167
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A pervious concrete product and method of formation, distribution and placing of the same which includes the pre-mixing of a predetermined quantity of cement and water, utilizing what may be defined as high energy techniques to accomplish a predetermined degree of hydration of the cement particles prior to the mixing of the resulting cementitious material batch with aggregate having a predetermined particle size so as to accomplish voids of a sufficient degree in the overall resulting concrete product. The concrete product is transported by suitable means which are mounted on and perform as part of a distributing, placing and finishing unit, developed to provide a uniform, durable and substantially planer surface to the final use of the concrete product.
1. A method of producing a pervious concrete product of the type which allows fluids to pass therethrough, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) supplying a predetermined quantity of cement dependent on quantity and desired strength and performance characteristics of the resulting pervious concrete products,
(b) supplying a predetermined quantity of water depending on said predetermined quantity of supplied cement,
(c) continuously mixing together said predetermined quantities of cement and water to form a cementitious material utilizing high energy techniques, at least until said resulting cementitious material establishes a substantially consistent viscosity defined by separation of said water from said cement being substantially eliminated,
(d) supplying a predetermined quantity of aggregate depending upon quantity and desired strength and performance characteristics of the resulting concrete product, and wherein the average size of individual aggregate is dependent on desired permeability of the resulting concrete product,
(e) mixing said predetermined quantity of aggregate with said cementitious material subsequent to the mixing of said cement and water to form said pervious concrete product.
2. A method as in claim 1 further including continuously mixing said aggregate and cementitious material and distributing said concrete product at an area of application immediately from said point of continuous mixing.
3. A method as in claim 1 further comprising mixing said predetermined quantities of cement and water together utilizing high energy techniques and continuing said high energy mixing until a predetermined degree of hydration of the particles of cement is accomplished.
4. A method as in claim 3 further comprising continuing high energy mixing of said cement and water until said cementitious material is characterized by a predetermined and substantially continuous degree of viscosity.
5. A method as in claim 1 further comprising continuously supplying said predetermined quantities of cement and water to a mixing facility, spraying said water concurrently into mixture with said cement upon supplying of said cement to said mixing facility.
6. A method as in claim 1 wherein less than ten percent by weight of the supplied aggregate is smaller than one-half the average maximum particle size of said predetermined quantity of aggregate supplied.
7. A method as in claim 1 further including:
(a) discharging said formed concrete product into a feeder means disposed and configured for transfer of said concrete product to the area of application, and
(b) transfering said formed concrete product from said feeder means to distribution means disposed to distribute said concrete product over a predetermined surface area at the area of application.
8. A method as in claim 7 further comprising continuously distributing a flow of said concrete product in a mobile state in consistently sufficient quantities for delivery at a site of application to define a finished product of predetermined thickness and lateral dimension, finishing said applied concrete product concurrent to and immediately subsequent to distribution thereof.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a pervious concrete product of the type which allows liquid and particularly water to drain therethrough isotropically or in a substantially even distribution and the process of forming and distributing the resulting concrete product through transportation, mixing and distribution procedures and equipment which differ from conventional technique utilized in producing and forming Portland cement type concrete.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the construction and building industry the term "concrete" is used generically to define a collection or aggregation of materials which together form a reasonably continuous solid. Prior art products include both natural concrete and a variety of synthetic concretes. The most common of such products being asphaltic concrete in which inert aggregates are mixed with a bituminous binding component, and Portland cement concrete. In Portland cement concrete the object is to obtain a continuous monolithic material of substantially uniform properties. In conventional and by far the majority of normal applications of concrete, voids and/or small discontinuities or inclusions of air are considered to be highly undesirable since these voids, etc. harmfully affect the operating or performance characteristics of the end concrete product.
However, in the specialized category of pervious or porous concrete such voids are intentional in the formation of the concrete product. While such porous concrete is generaly well known in the prior art, porous concrete suffers from inherent problems which make the overall product relatively undesirable. Such prior art porous concretes are generally considered of variable quality and indeterminate permability and thus unreliable or defective for controlled or specified construction applications.
The following U.S. Patents disclose prior art products and/or methods of forming concrete products or cementitious material which are generally applicable but clearly distinguishable from the product and process of the present invention, described hereinafter U.S. Pat. Nos.: 271,080, to Lynch; 358,288 to Moore; 1,665,104 to Martienssen; 3,196,122, to Evans; 3,240,736, to Beckwith; 3,360,493, to Evans; 3,439,450 to Richards; 3,477,979 to Hillyer; 3,687,021 to Hensley; 3,690,227 to Weltry; 3,870,422, to Medico; 2,130,498 to Klemschofski; and 3,822,229 to McMaster.
As evidenced by the prior art set forth above there is an obvious desirability and need for porous concrete products. Such products generally and/or theoretically would be much more efficient where drainage of water is desired pertinent to concrete product applications such as in highways, airports, parking facilities, bridge decks, etc.
However, products of the type disclosed in the above set forth U.S. patents frequently suffer from certain inherent disadvantages such as fracture when used under heavy load or stress conditions (commonly called ravelling) in roads, highways, and pavements where they are generally formed using substantially conventional concrete forming techniques or processes, with or without the application of additives to allegedly increase adhesion between the aggregate particles and improve other performance characteristics.
However, there is a great need in the construction and building industry, specifically in building roads, highways, etc. for a porous concrete having an even distribution of liquid flow therethrough and which can better provide for the load or stress conditions from high speed operation of automobiles or large vehicles such as trucks, airplanes or the like.
The present invention is directed toward a concrete product having a pervious or water permeable structure which includes a competent degree of physical strength, but which, as set forth above, permits liquids, particularly water, to pass through in any direction, and its preparation, placing and finishing to provide durable products.
Water, and any type of Portland cement including white cement or high alumina cement may be used in forming the subject product with or without coloring powders or additives. Furthermore, aggregate is utilized in the formation of the resulting pervious concrete products and may include inert components on any material normally used for the production of conventional Portland cement concrete. However, in considering the dimensional characteristics of the aggregate utilized it is important that the proportions of the various sizes of the particles must be such as to produce a desired degree of voids in the resulting concrete product. The discontinuity in size or grading is used to produce varying degrees of permeation (or passibility) of water through the resulting cured concrete product, and varying strength. However, experience dictates that the desirable overall dimensional characteristics and the relative proportions of particle size must be such that less than ten percent by weight of the overall aggregate is smaller in size than one-half the maximum particle size of the remaining aggregate.
While not necessary to accomplish the desired and intended operational characteristics, especially strength and desired permeability of the resulting pervious concrete product, any additives used in normal Portland cement concrete can also be used in the product of the subject invention.
In the formation of the pervious concrete product of the subject invention, an important procedural step thereof comprises the pre-mixing of the cement and water, in predetermined applicable quantities utilizing high energy techniques for the purpose of accomplishing a predetermined degree of hydration of the cement particles. Such degree of hydration is greater than the degree of hydration generally accomplished with conventional Portland cement type concrete but somewhat less than total hydration, or the amount of hydration achieved with certain existing techniques commonly known as wet milling. Such degree of hydration provides a resulting cementitious material batch which has a substantially continuous viscosity and a consistency which substantially reduces "bleeding" or the normal separation of water from the concrete particles as is common in the formation of conventional Portland cement slurries, grouts or like products.
The term high energy mixing can be used to define any type of mixing technique which accomplishes or effectively forces more intimate contact with the water and the cement particles. One technique utilized in the formation of the subject cementitious batch utilizes a high energy mixer which develops, due to the structural components and arrangement thereof, a controlled shear flow of the product during its mixing operation. Such shear flow can best be defined by a complex substantially counter and/or interruptive rotary flow path of various portions of the cement and water concurrently as the entire cementitious batch is being mixed. This high energy mixing takes place until continuous and consistent viscosity has been established to a sufficient degree to effectively eliminate separation or "bleeding" of the water from the cement particles.
Finally after pre-mixing, using the equivalent of high energy techniques as set forth above, the aggregate is mixed with the resulting cementitious material batch in a positive mechanical mixer which may be of conventional design.
Distribution of the resulting concrete product while still in a mobile state takes place through the provision of a first feeder facility or means which is disposed in direct communication with the mixing facility immediately set forth above. Accordingly, the viscous concrete product is transferred from the mixing facility to the distribution facility by mean of the feeder facility which is transferable in a mobile manner, therebetween. Distribution is thus accomplished as the concrete product is fed successively from the mixing facility to the feeder facility to the distribution facility. The distributer or distribution facility will discharge continuously any desired depth and width of paving up to the limits imposed by traffic regulations, etc.
Upon discharge the resulting concrete product is consolidated and finished to a uniform and even surface by percussive, vibratory and spring or weight loaded slip finishing plates as part of the distributer. Curing is allowed to occur for an optinum period of from five to seven days.
The invention accordingly, comprises the features of construction, combination of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set, forth, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
The single FIGURE of the subject invention induces a schematic flow diagram including the pictorial representation of the method of production and distribution of the product of the subject invention.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sample of the pervious concrete product was formed as follows.
A predetermined quantity of Portland cement was continuously fed to a high energy mixing facility concurrently with the application thereto of predetermined quantities of water being brought into intimate contact with the cement particles through a spray facility. The quantities of cement and water were thereby mixed in a manner which accomplished a viscous shear flow thereby providing a predetermined degree of hydration of the cement particles which produced a resulting cementitious material batch having a continuous and consistent viscosity. The aforementioned resulting cementitious material batch served as a uniform slurry of high viscosity capable of uniformally coating and binding the individual particles of aggregate and preventing segregation of the cement-water component or concentration of the aggregate itself.
However, an important step in the process of forming the resulting concrete product was the mixing of the aggregate subsequently to forming of the highly viscous mixture of cement and water. Aggregate particle size was such that less than ten percent by weight of the total amount of aggregate utilized was of a particle size of less than half of the maximum particle size of the remaining quantity of aggregate, to obtain a maximum degree of permeability. Variations of this proportion will retain some permeability and increase compressive strength.
Mixture of the aggregate and the cementitious material batch or mixer was accomplished in a positive mechanical mixer which may be substantially of conventional design.
Distribution of the resulting concrete product while still in a highly mobile state is accomplished in the manner which will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Aggregate is supplied by any conventional transportation facility 10 and stored in hoppers 12. Bulk cement supply and storage is similar as at 14 and 16. From bulk storage 12 and 16, aggregate and cement respectively are weigh-batched directly, 18 and 20 respectively, into a plurality of containers. The containers may be mounted in a trailer frame or like portable structure 22 in the case of the aggregate, and 24 in the case of the bulk cement. When charged, each aggregate container carries the material for one unit for charging into the positive mixer 26 operating at the job site. Each cement container is sized for a predetermined larger number of such batches (preferably 4). This ratio is adopted since it results in aggregate and cement containers of the same size so that the trailer frame or mobile facilities 22 and 24 may be interchangeable. When fully charged the containers and trailers are hauled by any applicable motor vehicle 28 to the job site. At such site, forklift trucks, or like transport facilities may transfer the individual containers 30 directly to the positive mixer 26 to charge the mixture. Synchronized with this action, like transports of the individual cement containers 32 are transferred to the high shear mixer facility 34.
With the addition of the controlled quantity of water, preferably in spray form, the preparation in 34 is completed and the entire batch is discharged into a pumping unit 38 of substantially conventional design. This pumping unit 38 discharges the slurry into mixer 26 which is activated and completes the mixing of the pervious concrete products for discharge into feeder 40. The resulting mixture is then transported to the distributor facility 42 for total lateral distribution of the product across the area to be paved or at which the resulting concrete is to be deposited.
Both feeder means or facility 40 and distributor facilities 42 into which the batch is fed by feeder facility 40 can be adjusted to suit the lateral width of paving. The design of feeder 40 permits a full batch of pervious concrete product to be progressively discharged across the working width of the distributor so that a uniform depth of concrete is maintained in the distributor facility 42 at all times during actual operation.
The distributor facility 42 is spring mounted and fitted with percussion units or a jolting mechanism so that a uniform flow of pervious concrete is forced through a flap controlled opening at the base. This opening can be adjusted in both width and height thus permitting a pavement of uniform dimension to be deposited at a steady rate as the distributor moves over the area to be paved. A plurality of finishing units or facilities which may be in the form of blades or like elements are pulled over the distributed concrete while exerting a heavy spring loaded or weighted vibratory pressure over the surface thereof. This is accomplished by attaching the finishing facilities to the rear of the distributor so that it may travel along therewith. The initial formation and finishing of the pervious concrete material is thereby completed allowing for a predetermined curing period to be applied and so as to give the resulting product its maximum strength and operational characteristics.
It should be noted that while the process of the present invention is described herein with reference to a batch type information of the formed cementitious material, the process can be performed on a continuous basis. Accordingly, it is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention that cement particals can be discharged into a high energy mixing facility a mixed therein with water on a continuous basis. In addition the resulting concrete product can be formed continuously based on a continuous discharge of the constituent material into mixing with the subsequently supplied aggregate.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those made apparent form the preceding description are efficiently attained and since certain changes may be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
Now that the invention has been described,
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Amy Winehouse never seizes to surprise us. Wino surprised Bestival event organizers this past weekend when she demanded 48 bottles of Jack Daniels whisky.
A Bestival source tells the UK Sun: "It's common for artists to make requests for food and beverages before they arrive. But organisers have heard Miss Winehouse has ordered in an extremely large amount of Jack Daniel's, in fact, a ridiculous amount that she and her team could not possibly consume during their short stay.
"With Amy's record this can mean failure to perform or giving a shambolic performance. Whiskey is better than heroin — but not 48 bottles of the stuff."
Amy has canceled more gigs than she's actually performed at. We don't quite get why event organizers still hire her, she's basically become a waste of money at this point.


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greeting cards, tropical scene caribbean scene greeting cards, tropical house greeting cards, caribbean house greeting cards, river greeting cards, bridge greeting cards, mango tree greeting cards, bananna tree greeting cards, laundry line greeting cards, tropical life trinidad and tobago scene greeting cards, trinidad house greeting cards, tobago house greeting cards
I Karin Kelshall Best am a self taught artist. I did art in school and then never followed through. I started painting again when I was 50 years old . I was influenced by color. I have a love of all the color that surrounds our daily life I come from Trinidad in the Caribbean and grew up surrounded by the most vibrant colors of the West Indies. I am a realist, I paint what I see. My Work comes from my heart . I have the islands in my blood and can reproduce them on canvas. I also do a lot of commission work and have paintings all over England and Europe and Canada. I lived in England for 12 years and showed in galleries in London.I also lived in Ottawa Canada. . Here I did a lot of commissions for the various Embassies. I also lived...
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To register for this USSF "F" license clinic please email your name, mailing address and phone number to Filip Handl a
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Get the latest news
Click here for 2015 Recreation Registration Information.
We are in the late registration period. If age groups are full, we will place players on a waiting list.
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The North end of CA is going to meet at Grass Valley (KGOO) at 11:00 and you all are invited to attend. Harold Wolfe (86) finished his newly built RV-12 and it is painted and it looks real good. So come and see his airplane along with all the others that live there.
We will drive into town for lunch. Harold has good places to eat. We make name tags for everyone.
You will want to hear all about the things going on and share how good you use to fly.
So email Harold and tell him how many you are bringing with you.
firstname.lastname@example.com or 530-272-1788


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Very convenient to U. of So Florida. La Q is quite adequate for business & other visitors. Clean, nice size rooms, comfortable beds. Nice pool area. Lobby and breakfast area well appointed. Continental breakfast average.
For me, I would prefer the News on TV instead of nothing but ESPN every morning! But it seems to satisfy most of those visitors.


text: Patrick Mézard committed 3361210 2012-07-25 histedit: fix new nodes computation with --continue (issue3534)When running the following actions: pick 617f94f13c0f 1 +4 drop 888f9082bf99 2 +5 fold 251d831eeec5 3 +6if the fold fails, is fixed by the user with a new changeset, --continuewill ignore the new revision when generating the fold changelog. Thiswas caused by --continue detecting new changesets as descendants of theparent not descendants of changesets in the initial list. In this case,dropped changesets must be ignored.Even with the computation fixed, the 'newchildren' list was alwaysemptied by the filtering loop and passed empty to finishfold().Note that changesets dropped and recreated identically will still bemissed. This probably cannot be solved but is unlikely to happen.Other things, like 'newchildren' having multiple heads, should bechecked as well. Participants Parent commits c2f1318 Branches stable Raw commit View raw commit


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Online Certificate Programs – Online Diploma & Certification Programs
An online certification program is a series of classes centered around a specific, specialized topic area. They are designed to either: equip students with the knowledge necessary to advance to higher level of study or prepare students to gain a credential necessary for their profession. Schools offer certificate programs at... the undergraduate or graduate levels, though a number of institutions also offer continuing education certificate programs that are open to students at all levels. Certificate programs are typically completed in six months or less, requiring anywhere from 3 to 9 classes for completion.
Graduate Certificate in Public Health- 100% Online more >
The University of Cincinnati online Behavior Analysis Graduate Certificate teaches students methods to develop effective interventions to address a wide array of learning and behavior problem behavior more >
The right skills can prepare you to play a role in the implementation and administration of technology in your organization. more >
The Certificate of Christian Ministry is designed to meet the growing need of ministry leaders seeking specialized training in the area of Christian discipleship. more >
This program provides a foundation in technology skills that are common in modern technology support settings. more >
The growing shortage of family medicine doctors in the U.S. is driving demand for advanced practice nurses. That's why now is an ideal time to broaden your scope of practice within the field. more >
Nonprofits are complex multi-faceted entities that require leaders and managers to work well with people, understand finances, coordinate stakeholders, and secure resources. more >
Sharing knowledge—general or specialized—with nursing students could be a rewarding and challenging career option for many nursing professionals. more >
UMass Boston's Center for Technical Education offers this sequence of undergraduate competency-based courses to satisfy the 21-credit requirement of the Massachusetts Department of Education for v more >
This postbaccalaureate certificate prepares an individual for immediate application of the knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques that are utilized in the practice of project management. more >
If you're a novice in the computer field, need a refresher course, or want to prepare for you're A+ Certification Exam, Ashworth's online Computer Service and Repair training courses more >
The 18-unit Certificate of Advanced Management provides managers with advanced strategic and leadership skills and competencies to lead their organizations into the 21st century and beyond. more >
Students in the Marketing Certificate program will develop an understanding of marketing concepts and applications. more >
The Graduate Certificate in Administration of Information Security program from NSU's Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences requires a total of 15 credit-hours (five courses). more >
Ultimate Medical Academy's online Medical Office and Billing Specialist diploma program prepares you to fulfill administrative duties in a healthcare office with a special focus on insuran more >
An industry–current certificate program that includes universally used ICD–9–CM diagnosis code set can open the door to a career as a vital member of the healthcare industry. more >
Forensic Accounting is the use of accounting and other business techniques to investigate and uncover fraud, gather evidence and present findings in a courtroom setting. more >
Become a more effective teacher with specialized skills in reading instruction. Saint Leo's graduate certificate in reading qualifies you for the State of Florida's reading endorsement. more >
Pinnacle Career Institute's Medical Assistant program prepares you to take an active role in the treatment of patients. You will learn to perform routine medical procedures. more >
You're passionate about Nursing and enjoy helping others, but you feel like it's time for a change. more >
The multi-billion dollar video game industry keeps on growing each and every year. It is also growing exponentially in the complexity and technological sophistication of the games themselves. more >
This program is designed to develop professionals managing individual, group and organizational strategies in the workplace. more >
The health care environment requires a systems-oriented, inter-professional, and patient-centered approach for optimal patient success. more >


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USCCB Manager, Financial Reporting and Budget Interview Questions
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Interviews for Top Jobs at USCCBMore
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I applied through a staffing agency. The process took 2 days – interviewed at USCCB (Washington, DC) in March 2010.
Frank, open discussions with the Personnel Manager and the CFO.
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Challenging give and take..


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It started with Jeremy Guthrie five days earlier in Game 1 of the Buck Showalter era, and it continued with him Sunday as the Orioles orchestrated another quality win against one of baseball's hottest teams.
Under Showalter, the Orioles are getting more clutch hits, playing tighter defense and paying more attention to the little things that had cost them game after game the previous four months. But the primary reason they are winning and no longer look like a pushover is that their starting rotation is on a run the likes of which the Orioles haven't experienced in some time.


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Downtown Hayward sports new retail leasing, new streets
The opening of Big 5 Sporting Goods in downtown Hayward last November signaled more than a national retailer kicking off another store — it showed that the city's efforts to breathe life into its downtown were working.
Just in the past year, formerly vacant storefronts are filling up, restaurants are opening their doors and office buildings are reaching capacity after the city finished a $105 million effort to realign and spruce up the main thoroughfares downtown.
"All of the renovation was focused on pedestrian and bike traffic to make it more friendly for them," said Adam Sapir of Polaris Real Estate Ventures, which leased a 12,672-square-foot building to Big 5. "You definitely see a lot more pedestrians and a lot of new restaurants have opened up."
Bizspace Spotlight
Polaris Real Estate Ventures bought the Big 5 property in $1.2 million in October of 2012, signed the tenant and then sold the building for $3.13 million to Venture 90 Holdings, LLC, an investor group with principles in Danville and Hong Kong.
Sapir said Big 5, which has more than 400 stores nationwide, brought a chain retailer into an area mostly filled with local owners, which mixes up the city's retail offerings. Polaris is now focused on leasing up a 9,000-square-foot retail and office building at 22470 Foothill Blvd., to national tenants.
Before the city revamped the streets, Route 238 sliced through downtown Hayward carrying thousands of commuters through town, but none of that translated into foot or consumer traffic for downtown businesses.
"Before all the street scape improvements were done, it was hard for people to park and get around," said Lori Taylor, Hayward's economic development director. "The streets look new, we have new light poles and facade improvements are done. It's really looking good."
In the past two years, the Cinema Place, a 53,000-square-foot retail center anchored by a Century Theatre, went from having one additional tenant, a Wingstop restaurant, to now having five eateries and two retail shops. An office tenant is negotiating for the last vacant space.
That project was completed in 2007, just as the economy took a steep downturn, and struggled to fill up.
"The roadwork has done a lot for cleaning up the downtown area and making it more business-friendly," said Michael Tanzillo, a broker with MTC Real Estate who leases commercial space in Hayward including Cinema Place. "The economy is getting better, which helps revitalize the spaces. We're seeing a lot more action happening."
Last week, the Hayward Planning Commission approved a plan from developer Integral Communities to build 194 townhomes and 16,800 square feet of retail space on the 11.3-acre former Mervyns headquarters site. It took three attempts to lock in the approval, but the project is now ready to move forward.
"Right now, (the former Mervyns building) is a big empty box. If you drive into town, it doesn't speak to activity," Taylor said. "Anytime you take space that's been vacant for years and activate with new families and shoppers, you energize the whole area."
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Love this adorable family tree, in the process of having one made to hang in Raegan's room with her name and birthday at the bottom so she knows her "roots". Will then place in a frame to match the room
I was looking for some ideas for kids crafts to do with the girls before they head to their dads and I have decided we are making this!
Branch tree - if I really have to use a real tree, at least I rather get some branches in the woods and try to put something similar together, without need to cut anything still alive.thax. its awesome.
Magazine Tree of Hearts !!!
Family Photos: A gallery wall of family photos looks great in any home, but here's a new DIY twist from photographer Laura Brett. Fellow photographer Rebecca Knowles took several photos of Laura and her family that Laura had printed on canvas and stretched before arranging in a tight block. The interesting composition makes it wall art.


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Cupcake & Muffin Pans
- Williams-Sonoma Traditional Finish Muffin Pan, 12-Well $21.95
- Williams-Sonoma Traditional Finish Mini Muffin Pan, 24-Well $21.95
- Multicolored Cupcake Liners Sugg. Price: $4.95 Sale $3.99
Muffin Pans, Muffin Top Pans & Nonstick Muffin Pans
We offer an array of muffin pans that can help you whip up quick and easy treats for breakfast or snacks. Our muffin top pans and nonstick muffin pans are great additions to any kitchen and are offered in an assortment of shapes and sizes to suit your baking needs. The collection also includes cupcake liners, baking cups and popover pans. Accurate measurements are a must while baking and our array of measuring spoons and stainless-steel measuring cups can help you measure the ingredients to perfection. Whip up the batter with ease in our set of glass mixing bowls and ceramic mixing bowls that are efficient and durable.
I love making homemade bread. I want every loaf to come out perfect everytime. These pans did the job. Easy to clean. Just a little soap and water and ta da. Clean. No scrubbing. Perfect bread each and everytime. ...


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Youth Village, Inc is a 501c3 non-profit organization located in Fort Walton Beach. It was formed in 1999 to create a safe place to provide various educational and recreational services to children ages 5-16 in our community. Our goal is to provide a safe, nurturing environment with supportive mentors, teachers and other caring adults to help our children acquire a love of learning and create a desire to achieve.
REgister your child today!
The 2015 Summer Camp is NOW FULL!!! We are no longer taking registrations for the 2015 Summer Camp. If you want to be on the waiting list please email Nellie Bogar at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Pay Tuition Here
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Youth Village has outgrown our little building on Pelham and we are ready to grow! We will either build or purchase a new building. Youth Village needs your support in helping us grow and reach even more children in our community. We have touched so many lives these past 15 years and we look forward to help even more. It is important to us to provide a safe place for children and this new place will help us do that. We plan on having better security, add more programs and activities for both children and their parents, and of course a place where children can meet others and have fun. Would you help us? For more information about the capital campaign click the button below!


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Stories of Love, Inspiration, Remembrance and Power
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Omni Foundation - Future Shock 2.0 - Emilio Iodice - YouTube Videos
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Our very own distinguished member and sponsor, Emilio Iodice, has published several books. Please order your very own copies through Amazon.com. Proceeds are donated back to the San Silverio Shrine of Dover Plains. You may click on the below image to enter Amazon.
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Annual Memorial Gathering for Fallen Portland Firefighters Features Additional Event at Lone Fir Cemetery
Marker for first black firefighter to be dedicatedRead More…
Phone: 503-823-3700
Fax: 503-823-3710
55 SW Ash Street, Portland, OR 97204
Portland Fire members have returned from a wildfire deployment with the Oregon State Fire Marshal's Office where they worked in various positions on the incident management team. Their mission was to protect structures from the wildfire while the Oregon Department of Forestry concentrated on containing the wildfire itself. The OSFM IMT is comprised of members from all over the state and are dispatched to incidents of any kind requiring assistance should a local jurisdiction request it.
Left to Right: Cpt Steve Bregman (Safety Officer); Lt Justin DeRuyter (PIO); Battalion Chief Kevin Shanders (Logistics Section Chief) PIO /; Firefighter Tommy Schroeder (PIO)
Not pictured: Lt. Chris Barney (Division Supervisor)


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Cripes! That Isn't Our Hotel's Pool!
I looked out the window from our lovely room in the Sheraton and gazed at a wonderful pool. I then realize it was the pool of the adjacent Caravelle. Crap! The Sheraton pool was ok but nothing great. Boring shape, not much sun, non-existent wait staff, no view. On our last night in Vietnam, we needed to get back to Saigon so we could fly out the next morning at a super early hour. So we checked into the Caravelle for one night. Beautiful rooms and nice pool, but I didn't have time for a swim. Maybe next time.
I left my beloved Pepsi Cino in the hotel room :(
Maybe Sanford can bring one back from Malaysia?
Hi, I'm an admin for a group called Great Hotels of the World, and we'd love to have your photo added to the group.
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'We were ready to do that,' Putin said of creating a nuclear standoff. 'That's why I think no one wanted to start a world conflict'
President Barack Obama told his Ukrainian counterpart that any Russian intervention without Kyiv's consent would be unacceptable and violate international law
Putin's aggression has already brought a heavy economic price, which can only get worse
Prime Minister Stephen Harper said Russia's occupation of the Crimean Peninsula and provocative military activity in eastern Ukraine is a 'grave concern' to Canada
Moscow could use 'the pretext of a humanitarian or peace-keeping mission as an excuse to send troops into Eastern Ukraine,' a NATO spokeswoman
However a Ukrainian military official said the soldiers were forced to cross into Russian territory by rebel fire after running out of ammunition
But international monitors say armed rebels limited their access to the crash site and Ukrainian officials said rebels took bodies away from their workers by force
The Kremlin says a Ukrainian shell hit a Russian border town but Ukraine denied firing a shell into Russian territory and placed blame for the attack on the rebels
More than ever, Canada and other western countries must do all they can to support Ukraine against the violence and economic disruption that are Russia's main weapons.
He also warned Canada against joining the U.S. ballistic missile defence shield. 'We will consider it to be politically provocative,' the retiring envoy said


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A SofTouch and World Class Smile!
What Our Customers Say
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Dr. Jennifer Bailey DDS - click here to view my video
Dr. Jennifer Bailey DDS, a native of Iowa, followed in her father's footsteps and graduated from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry in 2001. Dr. Bailey enjoys the variety in general dentistry, especially crown and bridge, restoration of implants, and pediatrics, and takes great pride in providing high quality dentistry. When Dr. Bailey is away from the office, she likes spending time with her husband Jason and her two young sons, Jackson and Quincy, as well as their two dogs. She enjoys walking, watching movies, reading, and hiking with her family.
Dr. William Hickman DMD
Dr. Hickman obtained his Bachelor of Science from Utah State University. He graduated from Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine in Florida. In order to serve his patients the best way possible, Dr. Hickman regularly takes part in continuing education courses. Some of these courses include; Orthodontics, Aesthetic dentistry, lmplantology and CAD/CAM technology. When away from the office, he enjoys spending quality time with his family and close friends. He enjoys traveling and experiencing and seeing different cultures.
Dr. Releford
Dr. Releford is Board Certified in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Bringing over 25 years of experience to this practice, he enjoys working with all ages in making beautiful smiles. Dr. Releford is a West Point graduate and a decorated Vietnam veteran. He completed his orthodontic residency at the University of Missouri. He is active in Rotary Club, civic and church activities. Dr. Releford is married with three children and enjoys golf, racquetball and woodworking in his free time.
Our Staff
Office Manager
Financial & Schedule Coordinator
Registered Hygienist
Registered Dental Assistant
Registered Dental Assistant
Registered Hygienist
Office Manager
Registered Dental Assistant
Our Locations
SofTouch Dental Care - Serving East Gilbert and Mesa
SW Corner of Higley and Baseline in the Safeway Plaza
1496 N. Higley Road, Ste. 104
Gilbert, AZ 85234
Phone: 480-830-5003
Fax: 480-981-0548
Monday 12:00 P.M. - 7:00 P.M.
Tuesday 12:00 P.M. - 7:00 P.M.
Wednesday 7:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M.
Thursday 7:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M.
Our after hours emergency number for both locations is (480)280-5414.
SofTouch Dental Care - Serving West Gilbert and Chandler
NE Corner of Lindsay and Pecos
3011 S Lindsay Road, Ste. 104
Gilbert, AZ 85295
Phone: 480-219-6336
Fax: 480-659-1155
Tuesday 10:00 A.M. - 7:00 P.M.
Wednesday 7:00 A.M. - 7:00 P.M.
Thursday - Friday 7:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M.


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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|November 16, 2012 10:37 AM EST
PRINCETON, N.J., Nov. 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The Bull Market Report ("BMR") (http://www.bullmarket.com), has ridden Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL) to huge gains over the last several years (up nearly 800% in two stints), having a cost basis near $60 after initially adding the stock to its Recommended List in March 2006.
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About BullMarket.com:
Launched in 1997, BullMarket.com has a strong track record of creating wealth for its subscribers by providing sound, long-term investing advice. The BullMarket.com Recommended List includes about 50 companies across all major industries, including Financials, Healthcare, Energy, Technology, and Retail, among others. BullMarket.com is one of the oldest continuously published investment newsletters online, and its Recommended List has consistently outperformed the major market indices.
NOTE: This release was published by Indie Research Advisors, LLC (CRD #131926), a registered investment advisor with the NASD and State of NJ. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investors should always research companies and securities before making any investments. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security.
Indie Research Advisors, LLC
Marcie Martin, +1-888-278-5515
SOURCE Indie Research Advisors, LLC
17th Cloud Expo, taking place Nov 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world. Cloud computing is now being embraced by a majority of enterprises of all sizes. Yesterday's debate about public vs. private has transformed into the reality of hybrid cloud: a recent survey shows that 74% of enterprises have a hybrid cloud strategy. Meanwhile, 94% of enterprises are using some form of XaaS – software, platform, and infrastructure as a service.
Jul. 7, 2015 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,793
The enterprise market will drive IoT device adoption over the next five years. In his session at @ThingsExpo, John Greenough, an analyst at BI Intelligence, division of Business Insider, analyzed how companies will adopt IoT products and the associated cost of adopting those products. John Greenough is the lead analyst covering the Internet of Things for BI Intelligence- Business Insider's paid research service. Numerous IoT companies have cited his analysis of the IoT. Prior to joining BI Intelligence, he worked analyzing bank technology for Corporate Insight and The Clearing House Payment...
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"ciqada is a combined platform of hardware modules and server products that lets people take their existing devices or new devices and lets them be accessible over the Internet for their users," noted Geoff Engelstein of ciqada, a division of Mars International, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City.
Jul. 7, 2015 01:15 AM EDT Reads: 968
SYS-CON Events announced today that Secure Infrastructure & Services will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Secure Infrastructure & Services (SIAS) is a managed services provider of cloud computing solutions for the IBM Power Systems market. The company helps mid-market firms built on IBM hardware platforms to deploy new levels of reliable and cost-effective computing and high availability solutions, leveraging the cloud and the benefits of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that ProfitBricks, the provider of painless cloud infrastructure, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. ProfitBricks is the IaaS provider that offers a painless cloud experience for all IT users, with no learning curve. ProfitBricks boasts flexible cloud servers and networking, an integrated Data Center Designer tool for visual control over the cloud and the best price/performance value available. ProfitBricks was named one of the coolest Clo...
Jul. 6, 2015 05:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,177
The 4th International Internet of @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 17th International Cloud Expo - to be held November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA - announces that its Call for Papers is open. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the biggest idea since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than
Jul. 6, 2015 05:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,020
"In the IoT space we are helping customers, mostly enterprises and industry verticals where time-to-value is critical, and we help them with the ability to do faster insights and actions using our platform so they can transform their business operations," explained Venkat Eswara, VP of Marketing at Vitria, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City.
Jul. 6, 2015 04:30 PM EDT Reads: 747
SYS-CON Events announced today that WHOA.com, an ISO 27001 Certified secure cloud computing company, participated as "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo® New York, which took place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. WHOA.com is a leader in next-generation, ISO 27001 Certified secure cloud solutions. WHOA.com offers a comprehensive portfolio of best-in-class cloud services for business including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Secure Cloud Desktop, Cloud Storage, Disaster Recovery, Integrated Applications and Security.
Jul. 6, 2015 02:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,183
SYS-CON Events announced today that Intelligent Systems Services will exhibit at the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Established in 1994, Intelligent Systems Services Inc. is located near Washington, DC, with representatives and partners nationwide. ISS's well-established track record is based on the continuous pursuit of excellence in designing, implementing and supporting nationwide clients' mission-critical systems. ISS has completed many successful projects in Healthcare, Commercial, Manu...
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The Internet of Things is not only adding billions of sensors and billions of terabytes to the Internet. It is also forcing a fundamental change in the way we envision Information Technology. For the first time, more data is being created by devices at the edge of the Internet rather than from centralized systems. What does this mean for today's IT professional? In this Power Panel at @ThingsExpo, moderated by Conference Chair Roger Strukhoff, panelists addressed this very serious issue of profound change in the industry.
Jul. 6, 2015 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,913
With major technology companies and startups seriously embracing IoT strategies, now is the perfect time to attend @ThingsExpo in Silicon Valley. Learn what is going on, contribute to the discussions, and ensure that your enterprise is as "IoT-Ready" as it can be! Internet of @ThingsExpo, taking place Nov 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, is co-located with 17th Cloud Expo and will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most profound change in personal an...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that kintone has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. kintone promotes cloud-based workgroup productivity, transparency and profitability with a seamless collaboration space, build your own business application (BYOA) platform, and workflow automation system.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that SoftLayer, an IBM company, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place November 3–5, 2015 at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. SoftLayer operates a global cloud infrastructure platform built for Internet scale. With a global footprint of data centers and network points of presence, SoftLayer provides infrastructure as a service to leading-edge customers ranging from Web startups to global enterprises. SoftLayer's modular architecture, full-featured API, and sophisticated automation pro...
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Discussions about cloud computing are evolving into discussions about enterprise IT in general. As enterprises increasingly migrate toward their own unique clouds, new issues such as the use of containers and microservices emerge to keep things interesting. In this Power Panel at 16th Cloud Expo, moderated by Conference Chair Roger Strukhoff, panelists addressed the state of cloud computing today, and what enterprise IT professionals need to know about how the latest topics and trends affect their organization.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that CommVault has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. A singular vision – a belief in a better way to address current and future data management needs – guides CommVault in the development of Singular Information Management® solutions for high-performance data protection, universal availability and simplified management of data on complex storage networks. CommVault's exclusive single-platform architecture gives companies unp...
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The 17th International Cloud Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. 17th International Cloud Expo, to be held November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, brings together Cloud Computing, APM, APIs, Microservices, Security, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding business opportunity. Submit your speaking proposal today!
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Today air travel is a minefield of delays, hassles and customer disappointment. Airlines struggle to revitalize the experience. GE and M2Mi will demonstrate practical examples of how IoT solutions are helping airlines bring back personalization, reduce trip time and improve reliability. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Shyam Varan Nath, Principal Architect with GE, and Dr. Sarah Cooper, M2Mi's VP Business Development and Engineering, will explore the IoT cloud-based platform technologies driving this change including privacy controls, data transparency and integration of real time context wi...
Jul. 6, 2015 09:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,829


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You Are the Adventure!By J. Allen Boone
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Saint Elizabeth's Three Crowns (Paperback)
|Author: Blanche Jennings Thompson
$10 off $75 Home, Sports, School Supplies, Fashion, & Beauty - Back to School. Use promo code BACK2SCHOOL at checkout. Ends 7/8/2015.
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CONDITION: Brand New
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Format: Paperback
Publisher: Ignatius Pr
Sku: 30235503
Publish Date: 4/10/2007
Dimensions: (in Inches) 8.25H x 5.5L x 0.75T
Pages: 168
See more in Religious / Christian / General
|This new story in the Vision Books series of saints for 9 - 15 year olds is aobut Saint Elizabeth of Hungary who spent her life differently than most saints. Instead of living in poverty like St. Francis of Assisi, she lived most of her life in a castle surrounded by incredible wealth. She was born Princess Elizabeth of Hungary, the daughter of King Andrew. By the age of four she was already engaged to be married and was sent far away from her home to live with Louis, her husband-to-be, who was only 10 years old. From the beginning of her life in her new castle, Elizabeth was ridiculed by all of those people who were jealous of her. They noticed that she was always trying to be holy. As she would play games with other children, she would contrive little ways to sneak into the chapel and have a visit with Jesus. Although Elizabeth was a princess, she longed to live the kind of poverty she heard about through the Franciscans. She became a member of the Third Order of St. Francis and she constantly gave her jewels and best clothes to the poor. Sometimes she gave everything away and had nothing nice to wear, but Jesus always provided for her at the last minute. When she emptied the castle store-houses of grain for the poor, Jesus would miraculously fill them up again. Her subjects were never able to grow accustomed to the queen who lived the life of a saint, but they always appreciated her generosity and saw in her such simplicity and holiness. Only four years after her death she was canonized a saint.


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I currently need to make the silverlight 4 in-browser app that can receive push messages from the server. I presume using sockets is the best way, and will also allow a connection between server and client to transfer data and update the page. But I am worried about firewalls and/or proxy servers. Is it possible to have push technology, or even sockets at all, whilst behind a proxy that may block everything that isnt on port 80? Or is it possible to have socket connections on port 80 which would be perfect because it would bypass both proxy and firewall. I am aware that there is a set range of ports available for silverlight, so im meaning a work around.
While on the subject...Would sending a mass block of data from silverlight be faster through sockets, ASP.NET AJAX, or connection to an ASMX web service?
Thanks a ton!