text: Mongi Marzoug is currently a Director at Orange, a French telecom company. He went to Ecole Polytechnique from 1982 to 1984 and to Télécom Paris from 1984 to 1986. He earned a PhD in physics in 1989. He joined Orange in 1999 as the head of mobile network technology for 7 years, then he became head of network modeling. He is currently the new Minister of Communication Technologies in the cabinet of former Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali.

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Jia De Mei Guesthouse
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The Great Wall & Other Great Moments
... they recently covered most of the marble with laminate flooring to protect the marble. This site was interesting and again, full of Chinese superstition lessons. It was 5:30pm before we left our last site. It was freezing cold today - literally - and we were sooooo cold - even on the bus. I was wearing a turtleneck, gloves, scarf and my warm gloves but could not get warm. Beijing is a very dry cold ~ very, very dry. It is hard to explain. We have been ...
The long walkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk - StJohn's blog
... hardly fit out of the elevator stumbled our way back to the hotel buying things here and there including a calligraphy set which mum bought me. We arrived at the hotel where we then rested our tired feet. We later had drinks at the restaurant were I did this the first time then it magically disappeared
*grumble* ...
It's been a week!
... a pass for the year that gets you in to a bunch of these places around Beijing. So what the senior citizens do is spend their days in these parks. But they're not just moseying around. They exercise both their minds and bodies. People lined the little terraced walk ways playing chinese checkers and card games. There's traditional music everywhere and I found myself watching a group of people do this elaborate Kung Fu type dance with massive fans to my right, old men ...
The Wall, Milky Way, Pussies and Rats
... ho!!" "bonjour!!" We knew the wall must be near or at the very least we were on the right path! Soon after, we stumbled
upon the foot of the wall! At that point we ran like little girls to it – SUCCESS!!
We then saw a little boy chilling there, looking totally unprepared for a big hike.
There was also an old man who hauls a cooler of drinks up there to sell ...
Weekend Cooking in Zhongguancun
... we got in line and quickly made our purchase. While we were calculating how much each person owed, Lang turned around and told us it was her treat as she had invited us over. We protested, but Lang was firm. Back at the apartment we divvied up the job areas. There was the slicing and dicing counter, the two burners, and the sink. Chinese kitchens are small, very small. It quickly became a "too many cooks in the kitchen" situation, though we settled down into ...


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Welcome to West Lodge Park, one of the finest country house hotels in Hertfordshire.
From the moment you contact us you will feel confident in the fact that you will be dealing with professional individuals who have several years experience in looking after you; most importantly they will be friendly, down to earth and will be there for you.
Here at West Lodge Park, we have so much to offer, including Weddings, Celebrations, Special Events and Christmas events and much more. Please have a browse through our site, as we are sure we will have just what you are looking for.
- 59 luxury bedrooms
- Mary Beale Restaurant
- Morning Coffees & Afternoon Teas
- Terrace Bar
- Conferences
- Special Events
- Weddings
- Private Parties
- 35 acres of stunning grounds
- The Beale Arboretum
Click here to view the latest West Lodge Park Special Events
What our customers say...
June 2015
Hi Andrew
Thank you so much for the tour today. I thought it was brilliant. We all had a fab time. I cannot believe it has taken me 8 years to go on the tour. I will definitely come on one again later on this year. (if you will allow)
Kind regards
June 2015
Given the dietary restriction within our party and the fact that my mother suffers from dementia and her behaviour triggers are never the same twice in a row, your staff are to be commended on their professional service that enables all these factors to be taken into consideration and provide an enjoyable dining experience, not only for us, but the other diners too. The food is beautifully presented, all requests are dealt with attentively, and nothing is too much trouble. The menu is varied and changes from visit to visit which in our experience is usually monthly. I always recommend dining here.
May 2015
Dear all,
Just to let you know that Lodge Herakles/Gothic, who had a private dinner with us last night in the King Charles, phoned to say they had a fantastic evening. They all thought the food and service was excellent.
Kind regards
Events Sales Team
May 2015
Dear Andrew,
Thank you so much for your wonderful hospitality - all your staff were gracious, caring and professional.
The meeting room served us very well. Hence a new booking for the 2nd September (all the trustees and I staying the night) and staff joining us for a Philo planning day on the 3rd. (thank you for all the wonderful bedrooms but could we all stay in the main house - a request from Terry + Juanita).
Andrew, THANK YOU so much for taking the time to host us for a wonderful lunch yesterday - it was much appreciated having the opportunity to talk leisurely with you.
And THANK YOU so much for the tour of the Arboretum…WOW! fascinating, educational and quite inspiring.
Look forward to seeing you in September.
May 2015
Dear Andrew
Thank you so much for such an enjoyable stay at your excellent hotel West Lodge Park.
It was good to catch up with you again over a delicious lunch which we appreciated very much. We also thoroughly enjoyed the hour spent with you guiding us around the trees in the Arboretum. Your knowledge concerning the many species of trees was astounding and very informative.
We had a very productive time with Philo Trust staff and Trustees
Your staff looked after us extremely well - we did enjoy the variety of food served to us which was of excellent quality and the attention to detail was superb.
With grateful thanks and blessings
Terry and Juanita Baker
May 2015
Mrs Lynn Habert
Very enjoyable day, would definitely do it again, my son was made to feel special on his birthday.
May 2015
A few words of praise. We stayed with you on the 9th & 10th of this month for a birthday celebration for Mr. Parry-Jones.
Our room (36) was comfortable, light and had a touch of character. Bath & robes for ample frames, neat ironing board, a coffee maker and no abundance of cushions to trip over all added to our enjoyment of the weekend.
Dinner both nights was delicious with good choice, the party lunch was cracking, the flowers were a picture and arboretum interesting.
But special accolades go to your staff who were efficient, pleasant and helpful.
As a schoolboy and student my husband worked at West Lodge Park in the holidays. I have to say that not only has he bored me with tales or his time there, but no skills he learnt then transferred to our kitchen or dining room!
Thank you and we hope to return.
Yours faithfully,
Jennifer & Geoffrey Morgan.
May 2015
I took my Grandma to lunch at The Mary Beale restaurant for her birthday and we had a fantastic time. The staff were very helpful and friendly, my Grandma is not very mobile and can be quite slow and all of the staff were wonderful and very accommodating. We both had the roast lamb for mains and the lemon posset for dessert and everything was delicious and beautifully presented. For the quality of service and food I thought the price was very reasonable and we will definitely be back!
May 2015
Lunch Sunday 24th May
Dear Lisa and Sharon
I would like to thank you and everyone at West Lodge for an excellent family lunch on Sunday. I am so pleased and impressed how it all went from start to finish – from my first contact with you, Lisa, then when Sharon took over and immediately picked up the reigns and did the final 'tweaks' to the arrangements, then the lunch itself which was superb.
Please give my thanks to Patrick and Jamie who looked after us – they were great, so polite and helpful – my guests remarked on what nice guys they were.
Then there was the food. It was delicious – generous serving of prawns, succulent chicken (and the chunky chips went down well with all), to the chocolate mousse- that was a 'wow' and it wasn't just the children who would have happily eaten more!!! Please thank the chef and the kitchen staff for doing a brilliant job.
So, altogether we had a pretty good celebration of my birthday without me having to worry about anything! My grateful thanks to everyone.
Best regards
Brenda Williams
May 2015
My group of 5 ladies came to celebrate a 60th birthday. We had a lovely afternoon tea. The young lady who served us got the balance between attentiveness and intrusiveness absolutely right - we felt looked after without being constantly interrupted. The food was lovely and we took away what we could not manage without any sense of awkwardness. I will recommend to other friends without hesitation.
April 2015
The food was amazing and service just as good. Everyone was so polite and very accommodating, from the receptionist to the gentleman that showed us to our room and to the waiting staff in the bar and restaurant. Thank you for a wonderful break away for our 5th wedding anniversary. We may be back for our 6th!
Andrew Ward
April 2015
Hi Sharon.
Just wanted to say a big thank you for the wonderful day we had last Saturday. Everything was perfect, even the weather. You obviously have good connections!! Everyone had a great time and all loved the hotel and grounds, not to mention the food. We could not find fault with anything and were delighted with the overall service.
Thanks again and look forward to visiting West Lodge again in the near future.
All the best
Vincent O'Malley
April 2015
Well done to everyone - Karen Gwynn rang me to say she and all her guests were really happy with everything - with a special mention that the food was the best that they had all eaten in a long while!!!
With kindest regards
Sharon Blackgrove
Executive Manager - Events Sales Team
April 2015
Family Lives update
Hi Lisa
Thank you so much for all your help both prior to our event at West Lodge Park but also on the day we arrived. We had a very successful event and being in such a lovely location was the icing on the cake.
Please pass on our special thanks to Carol and Sandra on reception.
Many thanks once again.
Kind regards.
April 2015
Dear Tony & Andrew,
Bena, Pat and I would like to thank you and Andrew, for our Afternoon Tea at West Lodge Park. We all really enjoyed it and the staff were all really friendly. It was lovely you made some time for us too, catching up on the good old days. We all have really fond memories of our working days at "The Old Hatfield Lodge" – Happy days.
Thank you once again.
Fondest regards,
Bena, Pat and Karen.
May 2015
Absolutely delightful, our guest felt really spoilt! A really nice surprise for the dessert plate to be inscribed Happy Birthday for our guest. Happy and relaxed, high quality food, great presentation, and welcoming staff, as always.
May 2015
Dear Lisa
Thank you so much for the professional and respectful way in which your team handled the wake. All attendees enjoyed the surroundings and good quality food and above all the personal service provided by your staff.
A big thank you from Marie's family.
Kind regards
April 2015
I couldn't say yesterday, as my daughter was with me,but I have booked this as an extra birthday treat for her. Do you do anything special as it is her birthday. It's no problem if you do not. I was just wondering.
I'd also like to take this opportunity to say that my friend and I, as we drove by on Wednesday, impulsively decided to pop in for a cream tea and we both were absolutely delighted we had. The cream tea was one of the best we have had (and we have both eaten in many exclusive hotels in London and around the country), and the two staff who waited on us were fantastic. They were friendly, polite and attentive. Nothing seemed to be too much trouble for them. I only wish I had remembered to take their names. Hopefully, when I visit next week I will be able to see and ask them then
I very much look forward to visiting next week.
Sara Tersigni
April 2015
hi Lisa
now that things have settled down, i wanted to say thank you for organizing everything for my wife's surprise 50th birthday tea it all went very well, the staff were lovely and the food was excellent thank you again
kind regards
Stephen M White
F Martin Limited
April 2015
The best afternoon tea we have experienced! A walk in the stunning parkland completed a memorable afternoon
Watch our delightful 3 minute video
West Lodge Park,
Ferny Hill, Cockfosters Road,
Hadley Wood, Herts. EN4 0PY
(satnav EN4 0PZ)
Tel: 020 8216 3900
View Map
What we're saying on FacebookWrite a review on TripAdvisor What's near here?
Direct telephone numbers
- Bedroom reservations – 020 8216 3903
- Restaurant bookings – 020 8216 3900
- Meetings – 020 8216 3927
- Weddings – 020 8216 3943
- Celebrations – 020 8216 3943
- Accounts – 020 8216 3907
- Training – 020 8216 3949
- Sales – 020 8216 3909
- Estates / Gardens – 020 8440 3402
- Hotel Switchboard – 020 8216 3900
- General Manager – 020 8216 3922
- Managing Director – 020 8216 3904
- Finance Director – 020 8216 3905


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HN-WBTA307 Wintec
Wintec 250 Synthetic All Purpose SaddleItem # HN-WBTA307
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The Wintec 250 All Purpose Saddle is an easy-care all-purpose saddle with an open seat for added movement and comfort. It is made of a high quality synthetic material that is long lasting and durable. Perfect for training or casual riding. Size options available.Questions? Call our product specialists: 866-579-5183About WintecBrothers Ron and Ken Bates have been making saddles in Perth, Western Australia for nearly 30 years. In the early 80's they designed the revolutionary Wintec Saddles by searchi


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Google Chromecast vs. Apple TV
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Article Summary
If you're shopping for a TV streaming device, you have quite a few options, ranging from set-top-boxes to game consoles. But where does Google's new Chromecast fit into the mix? We know it's cheap (US$35), but is it a legit rival to, say, the Apple TV? Read on, as we compare the two different approaches to the 21st century living room.
Read the full article: Google Chromecast vs. Apple TV
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Do you have spring fever?
The spring season doesn't officially begin until March 20th, but a lot of people are starting to get spring fever. So I'm hosting a blog carnival with the theme of … spring! Of course, spring is a season but we asked bloggers to let their imaginations spring into action and come up with whatever interpretations they liked.
Enjoy each of the blog posts below by clicking on the links. Then join in the fun by adding your own "spring" travel blog post to the collection if you have one. Just enter the URL to your blog post & select a thumbnail photo. Entries can be added up until March 17th, one of my favorite holidays — St. Patrick's Day.
Sit back and enjoy the submissions the writers have shared below. Please try to leave comments on the posts you read and help to spread the fever. It'll put a spring in your step!
More from my site
19 Responses to "You Give Me Fever — Spring Fever"
[…] You Give Me Fever — Spring Fever […]
With the weather we're having today I'm definitely feeling spring! Great list so far. Can't wait to read everyones input
Debbie Beardsley @ European Travelista recently posted..Whimsical Salzburg
[…] your lucky day. Catherine Sweeney is sponsoring a blog carnival about spring on her blog, Traveling with Sweeney. Around these parts (Philadelphia, PA, USA), you can say, "Aahh, it's spring", […]
I'm honored to be in such great comopany! Only read a couple so far, but really interesting to see how different spring is perceived to be!
Linda recently posted..Is There Spring on the Island of Eternal Spring?
[…] more great stories, check out the Spring-Themed Blog Carnival on Traveling With […]
[…] hosted this month by Cathy at Traveling with Sweeney. You can find the rest of the posts here http://travelingwithsweeney.com/2013/02/28/spring-fever/ to get a taste of what spring is like and how folk think about it around the world […]
It is Autumn in Townsville in the Southern Hemisphere. But it is just like a Spring Day in the Northern Hemisphere. These photos were taken days ago in the Queens Gardens.
budget jan recently posted..Tuesday in Townsville The Queens Gardens Part 2
[…] In the spirit of Spring this post is linked to TRAVELING WITH SWEENEY'S SPRING THEMED POST. […]
[…] is my entry to Traveling with Sweeney's Spring-themed post. Please be sure to head over and check out the other posts that […]
I thought spring was coming to Norway but we are having another cold snap now…at least the sun is out!
Andrea recently posted..Seeking Orangutans On a Sumatran Jungle Trek
I'm in Spain right now and spring has sprung!!!
No spring here yet. Snow is falling, pretty and white, a bit cold.
Sophie recently posted..New Orleans by Instagram
No spring here yet. Snow is falling, pretty and white, a bit cold. I'll come back to spring later
Sophie recently posted..New Orleans by Instagram
We are so excited for spring this year! We got a lot of rain, so I know the flowers will be extra gorgeous.
I'm looking forward to spring this year! We got a ton of rain, so the flowers will be extra gorgeous.
Christy recently posted..Oxnard: It's Not What You Think
Love the Spring and the season follows after that It really is nice to see flowers blooming after being with snow for a long time.
Salika Jay recently posted..Visit Barcelona In Spring
Thanks! I need the spring in my step!
Jim Liston recently posted..White Swans Blog Tour
[…] sure to check out Spring Fever on Traveling with Sweeney for more posts that will put a spring in your […]
What a great way to welcome us out of dreary winter! Will submit mine soon!
Marlys recently posted..And Each Slow Dusk a Drawing Down of Blinds


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To evaluate independent associations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and particle (HDL-P) concentrations with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD).
HDL-C is inversely related to CHD, but also to triglycerides, LDL particles (LDL-P), and related metabolic risk. HDL-P associations with CHD may be partially independent of these factors.
In a multi-ethnic study of 5598 men and women ages 45-84, without baseline CHD, excluding subjects on lipid-lowering medications, triglycerides >400 mg/dl or missing values, we evaluated associations of HDL-C and NMR-spectroscopy-measured HDL-P with cIMT and incident CHD (myocardial infarction, CHD death, angina, n=227 events, 6.0 years mean follow-up). All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, hypertension and smoking.
HDL-C and HDL-P correlated with each other (π=0.69) and LDL-P (π = −0.38, −0.25, respectively), p<0.05 for all. For (1-SD) higher HDL-C (15 mg/dl) or HDL-P (6.64 μmol/l), cIMT differences (95%CI) were −26.1(−34.7,−17.4) and −30.1 (−38.8,−21.4) μm, and CHD hazard ratios (HR (95%CI)) were 0.74 (0.63, 0.88) and 0.70 (0.59, 0.82), respectively. Adjusted for each other and LDL-P, HDL-C was no longer associated with cIMT (2.3 (−9.5, 14.2) μm) or CHD (0.97(0.77, 1.22)), but HDL-P remained independently associated with cIMT (−22.2(−33.8,−10.6) μm) and CHD (0.75 (0.61, 0.93)). Interactions by sex, ethnicity, diabetes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were not significant.
Adjusting for each other and LDL-P substantially attenuated associations of HDL-C, but not HDL-P, with cIMT and CHD. Potential confounding by related lipids or lipoproteins should be carefully considered when evaluating HDL-related risk.
There is great interest in raising levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), given its well-established inverse association with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD).(1) However, quantification of HDL-C, the cholesterol carried by HDL particles, may not fully capture HDL-related risk.(1,2) For example, some forms of genetically low,(3) or genetically high, HDL-C(4) do not correspond to expected differences in CHD risk. Recent failures of drugs that raised HDL-C without reducing cardiovascular (CVD) events (5,6) or atherosclerosis(7) have also fueled interest in alternative indices of HDL quantity, i.e., HDL particles (HDL-P) or apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), or possibly HDL "quality," i.e., particle size, subclass distribution,(8) or various measures of HDL functionality.(2)
The association of HDL-C with CHD risk is complicated by the inverse association of HDL-C with triglycerides, insulin resistance, obesity, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and atherogenic lipoprotein particles, i.e., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and LDL particle concentration (LDL-P).(1) Recent reports showed that adjusting for apoB and apoA-I abolished the inverse association of HDL-C with CHD risk,(9) but HDL-P remained inversely associated with CHD, adjusted for apoB, triglycerides, and HDL particle size.(10) Therefore, we hypothesized that HDL-C associations with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and incident CHD events partly reflect correlated lipid, apolipoprotein or lipoprotein concentrations, particularly LDL-P, but that HDL-P associations are less affected by these metabolic risk factors, including HDL-C. Since HDL functionality has been reported to be altered in diabetes, (11,12), with inflammation,(13), by ethnicity(14), or sex,(15) we also evaluated potential interactions by baseline diabetes, hsCRP, sex and ethnicity.
Participants eligible for the current study were 6814 men and women enrolled at baseline (2000-2002) in the NHLBI-sponsored multi-center community-based cohort, MESA, the design and objectives of which have been described.(16) Briefly, MESA participants were community-dwelling men and women ages 45-84, of African-American, Hispanic, White, and Chinese-American ethnicity. Baseline exclusion criteria included self-reported CVD (heart attack, angina, coronary or any other arterial revascularization procedure, pacemaker or defibrillator implantation, valve replacement, heart failure or cerebrovascular disease), pregnancy, cancer, cognitive impairment, or weight >136 kg. The current study excluded participants with baseline lipid-lowering medication use (n=1100), triglycerides >400 mg/dl (n=57), or missing values for lipid-lowering medication use, HDL-C, HDL-P, or smoking (n=59). Of the remaining 5598 participants, cIMT was missing for 57 (1.0%) and incident CHD data was missing for 1, leaving 5541 for the cIMT analyses and 5597 for the CHD analyses. Participants provided informed written consent at their field centers. The study was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating institutions and the University of Pittsburgh.
Height, weight, blood pressure, and medications were collected at the baseline MESA examination. Smoking was defined as never, former (smoked ≥100 cigarettes in lifetime) or current (smoked cigarettes in last 30 days). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or self-reported hypertension and anti-hypertensive medication use. Hormone therapy use was defined as current user (yes/no.) Type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose >125 mg/dL or use of anti-diabetic medication. HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was calculated as insulin (μIU/L) × (glucose [mg/dL] × 0.055)/22.5,(17) for those not on anti-diabetic medication.
Blood was drawn following a 12 hour fast, and samples were stored at −70 degrees C. Lipids, insulin and glucose were measured at a central laboratory (Collaborative Studies Clinical Laboratory at Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN). Lipids were assayed on thawed EDTA plasma within 2 weeks of the sample collection, using CDC/NHLBI standards. HDL-C was measured using the cholesterol oxidase method (Roche Diagnostics) after precipitation of non-HDL-C with magnesium/dextran (coefficient of variation (CV) = 2.9%)). LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald equation.(18) Plasma lipoprotein particle concentrations were measured at LipoScience, Inc. (Raleigh, N.C.) by NMR spectroscopy using the LipoProfile-3 algorithm. HDL-P and LDL-P (CVs<4%) are the sums of the particle concentrations of their respective subclasses, which are quantified based on particle size using the amplitudes of their lipid methyl group NMR signals, and mean particle sizes are the weighted average of related subclasses.(19)
Carotid atherosclerosis was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound as previously described for the Cardiovascular Health Study.(20) CIMT was calculated from maximal thickness measured at 8 sites (right and left, near and far walls of the common and internal carotid arteries), as previously described.(21) Incident CHD events (myocardial infarction, CHD death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or definite or probable angina (followed by revascularization)) were ascertained and adjudicated for MESA as previously described.(22) Hypotheses were also tested using secondary endpoints of 1) "hard" CHD, which excluded angina, 2) "all CVD", which was "all CHD" plus stroke, stroke death, other atherosclerotic death or other CVD death, and 3) "hard" CVD, which included "hard CHD" plus stroke and stroke death, and finally, 4) cIMT considered separately for the common vs. the internal (more susceptible to plaque) carotid artery.
Analyses were performed using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Two-tailed p values <0.05 were considered significant. Spearman-rank correlations were adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. HDL-C and HDL-P were analyzed as continuous variables (results reported per 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increment) or categorized as tertiles or quartiles. Triglycerides were log-transformed. Associations with cIMT were modeled using analysis of covariance and linear regression, and with incident CHD events using Cox proportional hazards regression. All models were adjusted for a base set of covariates: age, sex, ethnicity, hypertension and smoking. P for linear trend was calculated using contrasts. Hypothesized differences by sex, ethnicity, diabetes and hsCRP were tested by including interaction terms with HDL-C and HDL-P for each of the models, with the main effect included in the model. Sensitivity analyses included excluding hormone therapy users (n=837), stratifying by sex, and also testing hypotheses using secondary endpoints described above, i.e., "hard" CHD, "all CVD", "hard" CVD, internal carotid artery (ICA) cIMT and common carotid artery (CCA) cIMT.
To illustrate multivariable regression results, a stratified analysis was used to calculate adjusted mean cIMT for HDL-C tertiles within HDL-P tertiles, and then further stratified by above/below median LDL-P. Tertiles (HDL-C and HDL-P) were used rather than quartiles, to allow for a sufficient number of individuals in discordant cells (i.e., high HDL-C/low HDL-P or low HDL-C/high HDL-P). Finally, we sought to replicate a report of an increased risk of CHD for very high HDL-C ( ≥ 80 mg/dl) relative to low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl) in adjusted models,(9) and also evaluated CHD risk for very high vs. low HDL-P, using the corresponding 95th and 25th percentiles of HDL-P (≥45.7 and <29 μmol/l).
Study participants were multi-ethnic men and women ages 45-84 from MESA, without baseline clinical CVD or lipid-lowering medication use (Table1). HDL-C and HDL-P concentrations were positively correlated (Fig 1). HDL-C and HDL-P were inversely correlated with LDL-C, weakly, (ρ= −0.08, −0.13, respectively), and LDL-P, more strongly, (ρ= −0.38, −0.25) and with other metabolic risk factors (e.g., small LDL-P, triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR), but for all, correlations were stronger for HDL-C than for HDL-P (Table 2).
Positive associations of LDL-C and LDL-P with cIMT and CVD events in MESA have been published(21,23) and when LDL-P and LDL-C differ, associations are stronger for LDL-P(23). In our study, adjusted for base covariates, the cIMT difference (95%CI) per 1-SD increment was 28.8(13.4, 44.3) μm for LDL-C, and 36.5 (20.8, 52.1) μm for LDL-P. The HR (95%CI) for CHD per 1-SD increment was 1.24 (1.09, 1.42) for LDL-C and 1.29 (1.13, 1.47) for LDL-P, adjusted for base covariates. LDL-C and LDL-P each remained associated (p<0.05) with cIMT and incident CHD in the models reported below that also adjusted for HDL-P, HDL-C or both.
Adjusted for base covariates (age, sex, ethnicity, hypertension and smoking) mean cIMT was lower with higher quartiles of HDL-C (Figure 2, Panel A) or HDL-P (Figure 2, Panel B). The inverse linear association between HDL-C and cIMT was attenuated by adjusting for LDL-P or for HDL-P, and was abolished when adjusted for both. In contrast, HDL-P remained inversely associated with cIMT after adjusting for LDL-P, HDL-C, or both (p for trend <0.05 for all).
Additional models are shown in Table 3, which reports adjusted mean cIMT difference for a 1-SD increment in HDL-C or HDL-P. Separately, higher HDL-C and HDL-P were each associated with lower mean cIMT, and were modestly attenuated by adjusting for LDL-C or HDL particle size. However, adjusting for LDL-P substantially attenuated cIMT estimates, more for HDL-C (12.2 (−21.4,−3.1) μm), than for HDL-P (−20.7 (−29.6, −11.8) μm). Further adjustment for LDL-C and triglycerides had little effect.
In joint models, (HDL-C and HDL-P adjusted for each other and base covariates; Table 3 lower panel), HDL-C and HDL-P associations were only mildly attenuated by adjusting for LDL-C. However, adjusted for HDL-P, HDL-C was no longer significantly associated with cIMT (−11.1 (−22.7, 0.42) μm, and became positive, but not statistically significant, in models that also adjusted for mean HDL size or LDL-P, with or without LDL-C and triglycerides. Conversely, HDL-P remained inversely associated with cIMT (−22.2 (−33.8, −10.6) μm) when adjusted for HDL-C, and also for LDL-P, or HDL size, or LDL-P, LDL-C and triglycerides.
To visualize the multivariable model results, Figure 3 shows adjusted mean cIMT for cross-classified tertiles of HDL-C and HDL-P (Fig 3: A), and further stratified by median LDL-P (Fig 3: B, C). Power is limited for these analyses due to small numbers in the discordant groups, e.g., high HDL-C/low HDL-P. Within HDL-P tertiles, HDL-C was generally not inversely associated with cIMT (p HDL-C trend= not significant for all) (Fig 3: A), but within HDL-C tertiles, HDL-P was inversely associated with cIMT in both low and high HDL-C tertiles (p trend <0.05 for both). When further stratified by median LDL-P (Fig 3: B, C), trends were generally not statistically significant, but HDL-C was positively associated with cIMT within 5 of the 6 HDL-P tertiles, whereas HDL-P remained inversely associated with cIMT within 5 of the 6 HDL-C tertiles.
Interaction terms for sex, ethnicity, diabetes status, or hsCRP were not significant. In sex-stratified models, adjusted for LDL-P and each other, HDL-C was not inversely associated with cIMT for women: −1.2 (−15.0, 12.7) μm, or men: 8.3 (−13.4, 30.1) μm, whereas HDL-P was significantly inversely associated with cIMT for women: −17.8 (−31.4, −4.2) μm, and men: −27.1 (−47.7, −6.4) μm. Evaluated separately, the internal and common carotid artery showed similar results to our combined cIMT measure, although associations were slightly stronger for the internal carotid artery, which is more prone to plaque.
Among the 5597 participants with incident CHD data, 227 CHD events occurred during mean(SD) =6.0(1.4) years follow-up. The proportionality assumption appeared valid, i.e., interactions of time with HDL-C or HDL-P were not significant. CHD risk is reported for quartiles and for a 1-SD increment in HDL-C and HDL-P, for separate and joint models (Table 4). Separately, higher HDL-C and HDL-P were similarly associated with lower CHD risk, adjusted for base covariates. Adjusting for LDL-C or HDL particle size had little effect. Adjustment for LDL-P attenuated the association for HDL-C to a greater extent than for HDL-P. In joint models (adjusted for HDL-P), HDL-C HRs were not statistically significant and became weakly positive when adjusted for LDL-P, LDL-C, and (log) triglycerides. In contrast, HDL-P's inverse association with CHD remained statistically significant when adjusted for HDL-C, LDL-P, LDL-C, and triglycerides.
In multivariable models, interaction terms for sex, ethnicity, diabetes or hsCRP were not statistically significant. Results were similar if adjusted for baseline diabetes status, or if current hormone users were excluded, or if stratified by sex. With few cases among women (n=66), CHD risk estimates for women were not statistically significant, but the base covariate-adjusted HR (95%CI) for (1-SD) higher HDL-C (0.81 (0.63, 1.05) became 1.00 (0.71, 1.43) when adjusted for HDL-P and LDL-P, whereas for HDL-P, the base covariate-adjusted HR(95%CI) of 0.77 (0.59, 1.00), became 0.81 (0.57, 1.14) when adjusted for HDL-C and LDL-P. Results were also similar for the secondary outcomes of all CVD or hard CHD or hard CVD (Online Table 1.)
Finally, we evaluated CHD risk associations at very high levels of HDL-C and HDL-P. Adjusted for base covariates, LDL-P, HDL-P, and log-triglycerides the HR(95%CI) for very high HDL-C (≥80 mg/dl) compared with low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl) became positive and statistically significant (2.59 (1.11, 6.02). Conversely, adjusted for base covariates, LDL-P, HDL-C and log-triglycerides, the HR(95%CI) for analogous very high vs. low HDL-P (≥45.7 vs. <29 μmol/l) was 0.50 (0.19, 1.35).
Among multi-ethnic men and women without clinical CVD or lipid-lowering medication use at baseline, HDL-C associations with cIMT and incident CHD were substantially attenuated by adjusting for atherogenic lipoproteins, particularly LDL-P. In contrast, HDL-P associations with cIMT and incident CHD were relatively unaffected by adjusting for atherogenic lipoproteins, HDL-C, and mean HDL particle size. Results were similar for secondary outcomes of "all CVD," and "hard" CHD or CVD events.
Few studies have evaluated HDL-P associations with CHD risk, and we know of none that evaluated it jointly with HDL-C and LDL-P. Low HDL-P levels predicted CHD death over 18 years of follow-up among men with metabolic syndrome in the MRFIT cohort.(24) In EPIC-Norfolk, lower HDL-P levels predicted incident events independent of age, sex, apoB, triglycerides, mean HDL particle size, smoking, myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase-1, and hsCRP.(10) Lower HDL-P also predicted CVD events among HIV patients.(25) In the VA-HIT Study, lower levels of baseline and on-trial HDL-P predicted CHD events among men with low HDL-C randomized to gemfibrozil vs. placebo.(26) In the large Women's Health Study, the inverse association of HDL-P with incident CVD over an 11 year follow-up was not significant.(27) However, HDL-P was inversely associated with incident CHD among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Trial, adjusted for treatment arm,(28) and the inverse association of HDL-P with cIMT was statistically significant for women in the current study. Future studies may help to reconcile these results.
In this study, HDL-C was not inversely associated with cIMT or CHD after adjusting for LDL-P and HDL-P, similar to reported attenuation of HDL-C associations when adjusted for apoB, as an index of atherogenic lipoproteins, and apoA-I.(9) In our study, very high HDL-C (≥80 mg/dl) became positively associated with CHD risk (p<0.05), when adjusted for LDL-P, HDL-P and triglycerides, as reported in IDEAL (adjusted for apoB and apoA-I.)(9) In contrast, very high HDL-P (≥45.7 μmol/l) remained inversely associated with CHD, in models adjusting for LDL-P, HDL-C and triglycerides. However, the results of this study suggest that, adjusted for LDL-P and HDL-P, HDL-C loses its inverse association with atherosclerotic CHD across the range of HDL-C, not just at very high HDL-C.
These results suggest that since HDL-C, the cholesterol content of HDL, varies inversely with triglycerides, LDL-P or apoB, and other metabolic risk factors, the risk attributed to HDL-C may come from several sources other than low levels of particles (i.e. HDL-P). In contrast, HDL-P remained inversely associated with atherosclerotic risk relatively independently of both atherogenic lipoprotein levels, and its own cholesterol content (i.e. HDL-C). More HDL particles may equal higher reverse cholesterol transport capacity. Cholesterol efflux, an index of HDL's capacity for reverse cholesterol transport, was inversely correlated with cIMT and angiographic coronary disease independent of HDL-C, and cholesterol efflux was also associated with higher levels of apoA-I (a rough measure of HDL particles) independent of HDL-C.(29) Furthermore, in a study of diabetic patients, cholesterol efflux was positively associated with total HDL-P but not with HDL-C or apoA-I.(30) Anti-atherogenic benefits of higher HDL-P (anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, etc.) may also be related to HDL's protein or other cargo (e.g., apoA-I, paraoxonase-1, myeloperoxidase) rather than to its cholesterol cargo.(1,2) Indeed, in EPIC-Norfolk, the HDL-associated anti-oxidant paroxonase-1 was positively correlated with HDL-P more strongly than with HDL-C or apoA-I.(10) However, given the complexity of HDL, many potential mechanisms require further investigation.(2)
Lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions to increase low HDL-C have been reviewed elsewhere,(31) but few studies have evaluated intervention effects on HDL-P compared with HDL-C. A few studies have reported that HDL-C and HDL-P are both higher with hormone therapy(28) and alcohol intake.(32) Active smokers have lower levels of both HDL-C and HDL-P, (33) and both increased with smoking cessation in a recent randomized clinical trial.(34) The limited existing data suggest that physical activity(35) and diet/exercise interventions may increase HDL-C but not HDL-P,(36) which would occur if large cholesterol-rich particles increase at the expense of smaller particles.
Niacin also raises HDL-C with little effect on HDL-P.(37) Torcetrapib reportedly raised HDL-P by only 1% despite a 53% increase in HDL-C.(38) In contrast, gemfibrozil increased HDL-P more than HDL-C in VA-HIT, and as noted, on-treatment HDL-P predicted lower CHD events.(26) Statins also increase HDL-P more than HDL-C, as well as decreasing LDL-P less than LDL-C.(39) Among diabetic individuals, effects of vitamin E intake on HDL function (i.e., cholesterol efflux) differ by haptoglobin genotype, increasing it for Hp2-2 and decreasing it for Hp 2-1.(12) Whether effects on HDL-P levels would parallel these effects is unknown. Additional research is needed to quantify differential effects of pharmacological interventions as well as types of diet, omega-3 fatty acids, haptoglobin genotype(12) and other influences on HDL in relation to outcomes.
These results show that associations of HDL-C with CHD risk may be partially due to metabolic correlations with atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations. In contrast, associations of HDL-P with CHD risk were substantially independent of atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations, and of HDL-C. HDL-C is one measured parameter of HDL. It may be important to assess parameters other than HDL-C in clinical trials of interventions to raise "HDL." HDL-P may be an alternative to HDL-C as a marker of HDL-related cardiovascular risk, if these findings are confirmed in other studies and found to be cost-effective.
These results, while robust, are observational, do not prove causality, and may be subject to bias and confounding, measurement error or unmeasured confounders. Lipid and lipoprotein levels are dynamically metabolically interrelated,(8,11) and statistical modeling in a large observational study is only one tool to investigate potential effects of these interrelationships, which warrant additional metabolic studies. However, despite statistical adjustment for several correlated lipoproteins, multicollinearity was not a problem in this study, as assessed by variance inflation factors. ApoA-I and apoB are not currently available in MESA, so their influence could not be evaluated in the current study. Finally, there were very few events at the high end of the HDL parameter ranges and few among women, limiting our ability to evaluate independent effects on CHD risk in those groups.
Among multi-ethnic men and women, associations of HDL-C with carotid IMT and incident CHD were substantially attenuated by adjusting for atherogenic lipoproteins and HDL-P, whereas HDL-P remained significantly inversely associated with cIMT and incident CHD, independent of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDL-P, triglycerides and LDL-C) and HDL-C. These results may have implications both for risk assessment and for evaluation of therapeutic interventions, particularly pharmacologic interventions which may differentially affect several lipid and lipoprotein parameters concurrently. Quantitative and metabolic interrelationships between lipids and the lipoprotein particles that carry them should be considered when evaluating associations between single parameters, e.g., HDL-C, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.
Online Table 1: HR (95% CI) for incident CHD and CVD for a 1 SD difference in HDL-C and HDLP
This research was supported by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, an unrestricted grant from LipoScience, Inc., who also measured NMR lipoproteins at no additional cost to MESA, and by grant K08 HL094375 (Dr. Mora). Funding sources had no role in the study design, analysis, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. We thank MESA investigators, staff, and participants for their valuable contributions; MESA investigators/institutions listed at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org. The information contained herein was derived in part from data provided by the Bureau of Vital Statistics, NY City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
Relationship with industry/ funding Dr. Mackey's effort was supported by a research grant from LipoScience, Inc. to the University of Pittsburgh. The grant was unrestricted as LipoScience exercised no control over the design, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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VIEWS: 13 PAGES: 12 CATEGORY: Current Events POSTED ON: 3/30/2010 Public Domain
European Public Sector Award 2009 1) Synopsis/Abstract Gender Mainstreaming Happens in Town! The City of Graz is aware of its responsibility at the implementation of equality of women and men at all levels and in all socio-political areas. A gender-sensitive attitude and a gender-sensitive view point have to reach all sectors of administration and all political fields. In 2001, the City Government decided to start with the implementation process, thus abiding European and National law regulations regarding the equality of the sexes. Quintessential to the successful implementation is the strategic approach, following the top-down-principle. The head of public administration, Mag. Martin Haidvogl, as the highest civil servant, is nominated Gender Mainstreaming coordinator of the City, thus providing the necessary impact for the process. The implementation process follows two main objectives: It was agreed that GM should on the one hand be implemented on an internal level (within the administration) as well as on an external level (concerning all products and services of the City). In 2008, the City of Graz won the Austrian Award for Innovation in Public Administration (Österreichischer Verrwaltungspreis). 2) Key words of the project A strategic approach towards gender equality on public service and communal level. Adhering to European and National law regulations: bringing Gender Mainstreaming into all policies at all levels of the community. 3) Main web address of the project if available www.graz.at/Gleichstellung 4) Background (e.g. grounds/reasons for the project, idea) The City of Graz has a long tradition in supporting women´s issues. Austria`s second largest city implemented the position of an Independent Women`s Representative 1 (Frauenbeauftragte) already in 1986, followed by a cross-party Women`s Board (Frauenrat), combining all women`s initiatives and organisations of Graz. The City´s Department for General Women´s Affairs was founded in 1993, offering low- threshold services for all female citizens. With this tradition in mind, it comes as no surprise that the City of Graz decided already in 2001 to start the implementation process of Gender Mainstreaming, thus acknowledging the need to stress equality for both men and women at all levels and all socio-political areas. Taking all the City`s efforts concerning women`s affairs into consideration and also acknowledging that one way to establish equality between the sexes will still be for a long time to promote positive actions for women, the City had to admit that a strategically based approach for all products and services as well as for internal procedures and processes will prove to be more successful on a long term perspective. The City of Graz thus also adheres to legal necessities, such as the Treaty of Amsterdam (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/treaty/pdf/amst-de.pdf), the Council Directive implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services (http://eur- lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=392730:cs&lang=en&list=392673:cs,392670:cs,413787: cs,392751:cs,392734:cs,392550:cs,392730:cs,413874:cs,392662:cs,392661:cs,&po s=7&page=2&nbl=55&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=#texte) and the Austrian Federal Constitution (http://www.wienerzeitung.at/linkmap/recht/verfassung1.htm). From the beginning it was evident that the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming can only be realised when there is a clear political declaration towards the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming resources are provided gender expertise is built up a gender-sensitive based point of view is being realized into all sectors of administration and policy and the implementation follows a structured procedure and strategic considerations. One of the key differences between active promotion of women at all levels and Gender Mainstreaming is that the former is a bottom-up-strategy with its historic roots in feminism whereas the latter is a top-down-strategy, on the basis of European primary law regulations. Nevertheless, the concept of Gender Mainstreaming has been and (sometimes) still is perceived as a topic of choice and a matter of even more positive action for women, which can appear as a threat to existing role divisions. In many countries – and Austria is no exception – senior positions and questions concerning the division of power are still male dominated areas. 2 5) Main and specific objectives Above all, Gender Mainstreaming has to be identified as a managerial tool of organisational development which is used in implementing equality of women and men. As an instrument of organisational development, GM follows systemic rules of organisations and functions therefore according to these systemic patterns. The main aim is the change of strategies, structures and processes within an organisation, and this strategy needs the awareness that Gender Mainstreaming is the job of executives and has to be implemented top-down. The organisational culture (shaping of opinions, informal dispersion of the topic, engagement of single persons) is able to and supposed to support the implementation. GeM The method of the implementation process of Gender Mainstreaming in the City of Graz was strategically well planned, which resulted in some modifications on the structural level. This means, it was knowingly accepted that the implementation of GM will neither be a "big seller" in media coverage nor on political stages. Integrating the gender point of view into the strategic orientation of the organisation and thereby changing structures und processes creates no acclaimed reports. Successes and substantial changes, that can be "seen" and "felt" by the citizens as well as the employees, take a long time to be brought on the way and need hard detailed work throughout the process. If the strategy of Gender Mainstreaming is being taken seriously – and not misused by setting alibi-actions, it is evident that the implementation cannot be realised from one day to the other. During the last 6 years the City of Graz has bought know-how from external professionals, has partaken in the EQUAL development partnership "Just GeM" with a pilot project as well as operational partner in the EQUAL development partnership of POPUPGEM. The City of Graz was also part of the transnational working group within POP UP GEM and participated in the production of the CD-Rom "An Employment Journey – Gender in Recruitment and Retention" (http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102033_1886851/0c8b8821/runme.exe). After being host to a Peer Review on Gender Mainstreaming, Graz also became member of 3 the Community of Practice on Gender Mainstreaming (http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102032_1886867/986d51f2/Letter_of_commitment_G M-v4.doc). The City of Graz has attended several peer reviews all over Europe (Bilbao, Gent, Warsaw and Paris) and has hosted delegations from Hungary, Scotland and Korea. 6) Input/resources utilized/allocated to the project The first step of the implementation process was the survey among the City`s employees (http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10101583_1883977/43f32a08/Bericht%20Ergebnisse%2 0Equality%20Management.doc). The survey was conducted by external experts, Heide Cortolezis and Doris Doblhofer, two well-known Gender Mainstreaming experts. The costs of the survey were covered by the City`s budget. As a consequence of this survey, the City of Graz was able to partake as pilot project with two departments in the EQUAL-project JUST GEM (2003 – 2005). The sports department and the department of children, youth and families were the first ones to undergo an analysis of their products and services. The analysis was conducted be members of JUST GEM, so the costs were covered via European funding. JUST GEM also offered the first certified training course for Gender Agents. The City of Graz sent two employees, the costs of the training course were within the project costs. As a third step, Graz was developing partner in the EQUAL-project of the second application round POP UP GEM. The City of Graz obtained the costs of hours spent per member of the nominated project team (3 employees) for the project for two years. it was agreed that the head of public administration Mag. Martin Haidvogl would be compensated for 1,5 hours per week, Ms Doris Kirschner as head of the department of general women`s affairs for 15 hours per week, and Mag. a Dr.in Priska Pschaid for 13 hours per week (on the basis of a regular 40 hours working week). Naturally, a lot more hours were spent for the work on the implementation process, these costs were covered by the City on the mutual understanding that promoting and designing the implementation process of Gender Mainstreaming is part of the project leaders jobs anyway. In addition, the City itself allocated the costs of infrastructure. The European funding amounted to roughly 70.000 Euros for the period of July 2005 to June 2007. The costs for the Peer Review on Gender Mainstreaming, which took place in Graz in May 2007, were covered by special European funds (Community of Practice on Gender Mainstreaming). At this stage of the implementation process, the project team continually works on the topic of Gender Mainstreaming, the dedicated hours are part of the regular working hours, so the costs are covered by the City. 4 7) Implementation (e.g. structure, processes, management, communication, max. 6000 characters) In 2001, the City Senate decided on the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming. This way, not only the process was started but also its success: the top-down-principle of the strategic managerial tool Gender Mainstreaming needs the support and the clear positioning at top level. The head of public administration as the highest civil servant of the City, who is responsible for all administrative matters, is appointed GM-representative of the City. Having the City senate`s decision to implement GM in mind, the members of the senate decided on the implementation of a steering group on highest level to ensure strategic controlling of the process. Members of the steering group are: the mayor, two councilpersons, two heads of departments, the head of public administration and the respective project leaders. The steering group meets regularly to discuss the progress of the project and decide, if necessary, on new measures to be taken. Three project-leaders (for details see: http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10096574/1886526), all being certified Gender Agents, overtook the design of the implementation process. In 2003, the first analyses of products and services were undertaken in the Sports Department and the Department for Children, Youth Welfare and Families with the support of external experts, the project leaders of JUST GEM, an EQUAL- Project of the first application cycle (for a description of JUST GEM see: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102028_1886819/4d09ad78/etg4-suc- justgem_en%5B1%5D.pdf). Key partner in this case was nowa, Network for Vocational Training, a prominent local NGO (www.nowa.at). In 2005, the City of Graz became developing partner in POP UP GEM – Policy and Public Service Push Gender Mainstreaming, an EQUAL-project of the second application round. POP UP GEM was built up in four modules (Data- Coaching, Learning, Public Institutions and Economy). The modules Data- Coaching and Learning offered their special expertise as support to the other modules. Graz was part of module 2 (public administrations), together with the City of Kapfenberg, the Styrian Trade Union ÖGB and the Social Welfare Alliance of Upper Styria. The complex network woven within this projects included local experts on NGO-level, relevant institutions on steering group level, such as the Labour Market Agency and the Chamber of Labour, and finally political bodies, such as the Government of the Federal State of Styria. (For details on POP UP GEM see: http://www.popupgem.at/downloads/docs/9426_Pop%20Up%20Broschüre%20english.pd f). Measures on the structural level At the beginning the general strategy of implementation into the administrative body of the City was defined together with the members of staff. It was agreed that GM should on the one hand be implemented on an internal 5 level (within the administration) as well as on an external level (concerning all products and services of the City). GM needs a general political commitment to implement equality. This is the reason why the City of Graz has set up a high-level steering group (for details see question 2). During the developing partnership of POP UP GEM the City of Graz has installed cross-departmental project-teams, consisting of senior staff of each department who work on specific GM projects resp. perspectives. Bearing in mind the strategic considerations of GM the Balanced Score Card as the central instrument of the City`s strategic governance, all departments have to define "Equality Objectives" for their products, services, measures and projects (besides their "regular" strategic objectives). The gender perspective is therefore "automatically" included in the central strategic planning tool of the departments of the City of Graz, for details see: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102628_2030506/e90af629/GeM%20and%20Bal anced%20Score%20Card_short%20version_2008.ppt). The Independant Audit Court of the City of Graz has to examine and audit the financial conduct of the City of Graz. As a result of the Gender Mainstreaming implementation process at the City of Graz the Audit Court has included gender-relevant aspects in the respective audits. Gender Budgeting is another important aspect for the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming. The distribution of the financial funds of a public administration, a city, a regional government or the state government, gives testimony of chosen realities and priorities. The City of Graz, however, analyses its products and services, and consecutively connects afterwards the obtained data with the budget that is needed for the respective product/service (outcome-oriented product-budget). Measures on the level of employees In order to make sure that the gender-perspective reaches all areas of public administration, it not only takes structural measures to be taken but also the active enhancement of expertise on the level of employees. As to now, the City of Graz has 3 full-fledged Gender Agents at its disposal, all of whom play a major role within the City's implementation process. All senior staff, as well as the elected members of the trade union, underwent special training within the scope of being member of the hearings- commission (part of the personnel-search-procedure at the City of Graz). The members of the project-teams are – after going through a basic training in GM – routinely and continuously supported by the project-leaders. The project-leaders have developed specific training- and consulting- packages to make sure that the needed know-how can be communicated effectively. On the level of politics, special trainings and coachings were continuously offered. For a detailed description of the implementation process as presented at the Graz Peer review in May 2007 see http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102032_1886867/4d8f18d6/Gender%20Mainst reaming%20Happens%20In%20A%20Town_Graz.doc 6 8) Innovation features Gender Mainstreaming Happens in Town! The City of Graz is aware of its responsibility at the implementation of equality of women and men at all levels and in all socio-political areas. A gender-sensitive attitude and a gender-sensitive view point have to reach all sectors of administration and all political fields. In 2001, the City Government decided to start with the implementation process, thus abiding European and National law regulations regarding the equality of the sexes. With the support of external experts, the first steps of the process were undertaken in the year 2002. From 2003 to 2007, the City of Graz has also been part of two EQUAL-projects with European funding, which put the process on the right track. Quintessential to the successful implementation is the strategic approach, following the top-down-principle. The head of public administration, Mag. Martin Haidvogl, as the highest civil servant, is nominated Gender Mainstreaming coordinator of the City, thus providing the necessary impact for the process. The strategic approach for the implementation is directed towards to main fields of action: to implement Gender Mainstreaming within the organisation, with a main field of action being human resources, and to bring Gender Mainstreaming into all products and services aimed at our citizens. General knowledge about Gender Mainstreaming for all staff and specific and detailed knowledge for all senior staff is one major objective of the project. This was provided over the years with the support of internal and external experts. 9) Information relevant to the theme specific criteria a) employees`acceptance (involvement of all stakeholders on the process; balance between interests of organisation and employees) 1) Within in the organisation The first step was an analysis of gender awareness right across the target group of all employees (sex, age, hierarchy). The results presented the need for expertise on a broad level, which was provided in the second step (the final report on the gender survey is available only in German: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10101583_1883977/43f32a08/Bericht%20Ergebnisse %20Equality%20Management.doc). Rising awareness among all senior staff of the administration and training of staff was one of the first steps in the implementation process, thus ensuring expertise on a broad level. This was managed with the help of external and internal experts conducting tutorials and workshops for more than 100 members of senior staff (the City of Graz has a total of roughly 4000 employees). 7 Eventually all senior staff mutually decided on the implementation strategy, thus ensuring shared support as well as consolidated success on a long-term perspective. 2) On the Political Level Having the City senate`s decision to implement Gender Mainstreaming in mind, the members of the senate decided on the implementation of a steering group on highest level to ensure strategic controlling of the process. Members of the steering group are: the mayor, two councilpersons, two heads of departments, the head of public administration and the respective project leaders. The steering group meets up to 4 times a year to discuss the progress of the project and to decide, if necessary, on new measures to be taken. b) outcome orientation (real influence on the cultural orientation of the organisation) For All (Female and Male) Citizens The City`s products and services are offered to reach all citizens. The mission of the communal administration is to acknowledge and take into account the differing needs of women and men. The implementation of Gender Mainstreaming helps to conquer the complex requirements to meet both female and male citizens` needs. The City as a role model The City of Graz is a key employer of the region with more than 4000 employees. Equality at the work place does not only enrich the organisation but the City administration thus functions as a role model for other key employers in the City, such as the universities and industry clusters. In 2008, the City of Graz was rewarded with the Austrian Governmental Prize for Innovation in Administration for its Gender activities (http://www.austria.gv.at/site/6588/default.aspx). c) real change (new methods, style and forms of working in the organisation) The top-down-principle of Gender Mainstreaming is one of the key success factors, giving the process the required impetus. The principle is explained in detail at question 4 (background) and question 7 (Implementation). The implementation of Gender Mainstreaming is seen as a change management process, using standard management techniques, in our case having its origin in system theory. The Method The strategically well planned implementation process is based on the use of the Six-Step-Method (defining equality goals, analysis of obstructions, developing options, analysis of options, implementation, evaluation; for a detailed description see http://www.gendermainstreaming-cop.eu/node/196) in combination with the 4R- Method (analysis of representation, resources, rights and realities). This approach allows for concrete measurement at any stage of the process, thus offering possibilities for strategic changes if necessary. 8 The strategic planning naturally includes on going pillars of action. Since 2005, we have been working according to our pre-defined pillars: "Internal Coaching": working with senior staff of the various departments on bringing Gender Mainstreaming into their products and services "External Coaching": offering assistance to other organisations by getting the implementation process started, functioning as role-model and example for best-practice. "Coaching on a Political Level": offering specially designed training and coacing modules "Structure": establishing a structural basis for permanently embedding Gender Mainstreaming within the organisation. 10) Results (e.g. evidence of impact) As the consulting part of the project has shown, the City`s approach to the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming is widely appreciated. We have been contacted by other Austrian cities, such as Villach and Kapfenberg (http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10102098/1886993), to support their implementation processes. The City has presented the implementation process at several steering groups of the Association of Austrian Cities and Towns (Städtebund) as well as at various other institutions. Furthermore, the City of Graz has been host to a Peer Review on Gender Mainstreaming in May 2007, where partners from six European countries (Spain, Italy, Belgium, France, Finland, Ireland) discussed the strategic approach of Graz. As a result, Graz has been invited to several other peer reviews and conferences all over Europe (Barcelona, Gent, Warsaw, Paris). Delegations from Scotland, Hungary and Korea visited Graz in order to obtain information about our implementation process (http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10102105/1887009). The strategic approach can be easily transferred to other organisations and can also easily be adapted to individual organisations´ needs. Our experience shows that Graz serves as a best-practice model, assuring other organisations that the implementation is possible, can be achieved and is a step-by-step-procedure everywhere. Especially our "success stories" show other interested organisations that successes can be obtained easily - at least at some organisational level. Furthermore, the City of Graz serves as a role model, showing that large organisations can successfully work on gender equality. Our "successes" in terms of achieved equality show other organisations that reaching equality does not necessarily imply unsurmountable problems on the way. The City of Graz has started the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in 2001, by now we can clearly say that the process is sustainable and irreversible. In order to achieve a status of sustainability and irreversibility the process needs a clear mandate, strategic planning and resources. As with other change management processes as well, the aim is to bring the tool from project status into daily management. We have not yet reached that point at all levels, but the foundations are laid. The main impacts of our strategic approach can be clearly seen as making a large organisation be aware of gender equality as being a superordinate topic for all areas 9 and levels within the organisation. Rising awareness and supporting strategies towards acceptance on the level of all senior staff are major key factors to a successful process. By making clear that the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming is part of everyday managerial tasks, the topic quickly loses much of its possible frightfulness (it still happens that Gender Mainstreaming is strongly associated with being a matter of feminism only). Also, by assigning gender equality on management level and following the top-down- principle, Gender Mainstreaming becomes the organisation`s aim and therefore cannot be seen as the burden on an individual´s shoulder. The strategic is a major lesson learned as well: it allowed for the implementation on various levels simultaneously, thus making sure that all staff was confronted with gender ideas on different levels and in differing intensity. Another lesson learned refers to a broad basis of know how among all staff. The process will only be successful when the overall understanding of what Gender Mainstreaming is and what the implementation implies is clearly understood by everybody. In terms of resources there is another lesson learned: first of all, it takes a clear mandate for the process, resp. the responsible persons. If the organisation adheres to the top-down-principle of Gender Mainstreaming, the "top" has to be clear about it. And "resources" does not only refer to human resources but to time and money as well. Without adequate resources the implementation process cannot be successful. The City of Graz nominated the head of public administration, the highest civil servant within the organisation, as responsible person for the implementation strategy. Together with two Gender Mainstreaming coordinators, he is responsible for promoting Gender Mainstreaming. This is essential, because in order to successfully implement Gender Mainstreaming it needs policy makers to be key players in the project. Finally, we have to point out that it really helps when the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming leads to "quick successes", so that all people involved can see in reality what Gender Mainstreaming is all about and successful implementation steps always feed the project with new energy. The last point to be made is that European funding at the beginning of the implementation process helped a lot. Not only were thus resources provided, international contacts, peers and lobbying gave the process necessary and additional impetus. 11) Description of reference Federal Chancellery Austria, Letter of reference, February 2009: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/047faaf5/Letter%20of%2 0Reference%20City%20of%20Graz%2C%20Austria.pdf Federal Chancellery Austria, Award Certificate 2008: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/c4448473/urkunde_verw altungspreis%202008.pdf 10 Certificate of the Austrian Award for Innovation in Public Services 2008 (Österreichischer Verwaltungspreis): http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/c4448473/urkunde_verw altungspreis%202008.pdf Federal Chancellery Austria, Newspaper-article about Gender Mainstreaming at the City of Graz, December 2008: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/513626a1/GM_zeitung%2 0bka.pdf Selected List of lectures/speeches on Gender Mainstreaming by Mag. Martin Haidvogl (chief of administration) and Mag.a Dr.in Priska Pschaid (Gender Mainstreaming Coordinator) all over Europe: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/bfb167ff/Speeches_Lect ures_LIST.doc Equal-Report on the Peer Review on Gender Mainstreaming in Graz in May 2007: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/news/200705- grazcop2_en.cfm Selected pictures from the exhibition "Gender perspectives – Insight – Prospects" at the City Museum Graz in May 2007: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10109126_2161705/48937d5e/Pictures_exhi bition_EPSA%202009.doc FAIR PLAY, a movie produced on the occasion of the exhibition: http://www.vimeo.com/600903 12) Documents Gender Mainstreaming and the Balanced Score Card: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102628_2030506/e90af629/GeM%20and%20B alanced%20Score%20Card_short%20version_2008.ppt Final report on JUST GEM (EQUAL project of the first application round): http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102028_1886819/4d09ad78/etg4-suc- justgem_en%5B1%5D.pdf Final report on POP UP GEM (EQUAL project of the second application round), unfortunately only in German: http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102031_1886835/8b11413d/beschreibung%20 pug%20graz.doc The Six-Step-Method used in Graz: http://www.gendermainstreaming- cop.eu/node/196 Article on "Gender Mainstreaming as Tool for Change Management Processes" by Doris Kirschner and Priska Pschaid in the Professional Journal for 11 Executives, Trainers and Coaches "doppel:punkt": http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10102636_2030636/27aa75b9/artikel%20doppelp unkt.pdf 13) Links All details of the implementation process in Graz: www.graz.at/Gleichstellung All details concerning applications and awards: http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10109125/2161671 Federal Chancellery Austria, description of the awarded projects 2008: http://www.bundeskanzleramt.at/site/cob__33413/6639/default.aspx 12
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Bibliographic Details
Title: INTERLUNAR.
Publisher: London: Jonathan Cape, (1988.)
Binding: Soft cover
Signed: Signed by Author(s)
Edition: 1st Edition
SIGNED 1st ed - Uncorrected proof (trade paperback format. ) Very uncommon advance issue of Atwood's tenth collection of poetry - includes both 'Snake Poems' and a longer section 'Interlunar' - the theme of which is learning to live with darkness - 'Trust me. This darkness is a place you can enter .' Originally published in Canada in 1984 as a trade paperback. SIGNED on the title page. Fine in printed red wrappers. Bookseller Inventory # 30163
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Beauty British Blogger gives us a peek at the latest Urban Decay Book of Shadows hitting the UK in September (hopefully here too!).
Beauty British Blogger gives us a peek at the latest Urban Decay Book of Shadows hitting the UK in September (hopefully here too!).
When I was a kid I so wanted to be Penny from Inspector Gadget. I mean hey, she was the brains behind the whole business right? Remember her?
My geeky tendencies obviously started early on in life because I was Penny for Halloween one year, ahh obsessed with gadgets even way back then!
Gadgets are my specialty that's why when I saw WanderLove Beauty Lip Wands at my local Duane Reade I had to indulge. Hey, three in one lip lovin' in a slick shiny package, yes please, my inner Penny needs this gadget!
Jump!Read More...
What my world needs now is NOT another facial mask. I have way too many Asian sheet masks to get through which I use nightly so I kinda sorta do not need a mask treatment as well.
But I was tempted by the Philosophy Friends and Family Event so I ordered me some Philosophy Hope Springs Eternal Skin Treatment Mask.
I likey….
Wanna hear about it?
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I dunno about you but I'd never willingly admit how many Philosophy Shower Gels I actually own. In order to confess I'd probably need a good therapy session….
If you're a fond lover of Philosophy Shower Gel you'll be excited about all the new ones popping up lately (some aren't really new but you may have missed out on them)!
Check 'em!
If you're reading via RSS please visit my blog to enjoy the slideshow embedded in this post!
MAC Alice + Olivia will be out July 8th.
Hmmm maybe we should just have direct deposit set up for MAC from our paychecks…what do you think?
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As a family of 9 adults and 2 children ranging in age from 4 months to 74 years, we spent 11 nights at beautiful Villa Kanti. From the moment I received a reply from Putu regarding our possible reservation for the villa, I knew this place was special. Absolutely nothing was too much trouble. The villa is located in a... more
Villa Kanti Bali - Swimming Pool


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They do accept reservations, so book early otherwise you have to wait (over 1 hour!) and they stop service after 9pm... Don't be mis-guided by the name and appearance of this street-food style resterauant. The food is great and this is where you experience genuine Chongqing Hotpot culture.
Top-rated Attractions Nearby
Top-rated Restaurants Nearby


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Where do you look to find definition download time?
Could someone please advise where in the SEPM console (SEP12RU2) do I look to find the specific time the last definition download took place? I need to know to help troubleshoot some other issues. Thanks.
Comments 11 Comments • Jump to latest comment
For SEPM
Admin >> Servers, click "Show LiveUpdate downloads"
For clients
Monitors page
Log type: System
Log content: Client Activity
Please click the "Mark as solution" link at bottom left on the post that best answers your question. This will benefit admins looking for a solution to the same problem.
For the SEPM itself, go to ADMIN -> Servers, under the tree structure showing the site and individual servers in your SEP environment, you should see a Show LiveUpdate Downloads link, click this for a new window with the download details.
This tells you when the SEPM last grabbed it's defs. For the clients, check out Brian's post ("Thumbs Up" BTW), which can also be seen in the System Log locally on a client.
Hi Limnos,
Here's how to do what you want, given that you can't access the server itself.
- Login to the SEPM
- Click Monitors > Logs tab
- Set Log type to System
- Set Log content to Server Activity
- Click Advanced Settings
- Set your desired time range to look for events (e.g., Past three months)
- Set Event type to LiveUpdate events
- Click View log
After viewing the log, you can export it in CSV format by clicking the Export button.
The Symantec Endpoint Protection Knowledgebase
Please remember to mark the post which resolved your issue as the solution!
Hi limnos,
You're welcome!
Would you mind marking my post as the solution, so that future forum-searchers can jump right to it?
The Symantec Endpoint Protection Knowledgebase
Please remember to mark the post which resolved your issue as the solution!
if you want to know when your SEP manager has updated the definitions using internet
you can check the log. Liveupdateunder
C:\Documents and Settings\all users\Application Data\symantec\LiveUpdate
you will find the below lines if updates were successful with timestamp
"The Update executed with a result code of 1800, => Success"


text: Beautiful custom built home in prestigious Unit 6 of Prescott Country Club (mailing address Dewey-home located in Prescott Valley). 3BD/2.5BA, approx. 2,600 sq. ft.(approx. 300 sq. ft. lower level, does not have interior access-presently used as an exercise/storage area). Views from no maintenance covered deck, informal dining off kitchen/formal dining room for holiday dinners. Master w/snail shower/jetted garden tub, spa, perfect! All of this for $499,000Contact Kathy @ 928-713-6292 or Charlie @ 928-710-2189; email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Moto Shootout 2012
Moto Magazine went to FatCat, Doncaster to do the biggest bike test in the UK for 2012. All the new 2012 4 stroke bikes from the major manufacturers are tested by Moto's test rides Dave Willett, Paul Malin and more. The new models are from Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki, KTM, Honda and Husky.
See what the riders looked like and find out what they had to say in the 2011 December issue of Moto.
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York South Carolina Golf Courses
|Carolina Downs Country Club
|Spring Lake Country Club
Featured Golf Course Review:
|Carolina Downs Country Club -- worst course ever.
|Review by: unhappy happy gilmore
|the fairways were brown and covered with weeds. the greens were terrible, they were harder than the fairway, there were long shallow trenches in some of the greens.the bunkers were harder than the pavement on the driveway. the tee boxes were very poor, they looked like something you would find in the pasture of a cow farm.someone should inform these people that water helps grass grow and should be more clear on there rules so some old guy does not come and harass you while you try to putt.
|From NY
Golf Courses: Additional Golf Course Reviews:
|Cokesbury Hills Golf Club -- Excellent for Beginners
|Review by: Tyler
|This course may not be the best conditioned compared to Hunter's Creek or Stoney Point in Greenwood, but this is definitely the place for a beginner to learn the game. The fairways are very wide, which will be very good for learning to drive the ball. The greens are in excellent shape. Overall, this is a very nice course and is wide enough for any beginner to enjoy a game of golf. This course is a very forgiving course, and it is where I have chosen to get better at golf as a member.
|From Greenwood, SC


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Traveling, ocean water, chlorinated water, or simply time spent in the heat can wreak havoc on hair. These products will help keep locks healthy through September!
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Carol's Daughter Monoi Repairing Shampoo, Conditioner, and Hair Mask.
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Sally Hershberger Salon Clean Tech StylePro Shampoo and Conditioner.
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Strikeforce Challengers: Lindland vs Casey Weigh-Ins watch video >>
Strikeforce Challengers 10 Weigh-Ins watch video >>
All the fighters who will compete on an excellent STRIKEFORCE Challengers event presented by Rockstar Energy Drink at Save Mart Center in Fresno, Calif., tomorrow/Friday, Oct. 22, at Save Mart Center watch video >>
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Fight Network previews fight cards taking place this weekend including UFC Live on Versus 4, Strikeforce Challengers 16 and Bellator 46.
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Watch the live UFC Macao Weigh-Ins Friday Nov 9th at 5/2am ET/PT. watch video >>
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Talk:Google Trends
|WikiProject Google
|(Rated Start-class, Mid-importance)
interesting words to show[edit]
BTW: look at the pattern that [summer, winter] creates.
another fine examples can be found here: http://www.micropersuasion.com/2006/05/25_things_i_lea.html
—The preceding unsigned comment was added by Talgalili (talk • contribs) 22:04, 14 April 2007 (UTC).
Google seem to be very sketchy on what exactly Google Trends does, and even what the results mean. Why are there no exact figures? Do the 'cities' below show where the searches were from or where websites are hosted?
I would like to see data explaining this on the Google Trends article.
Will 16:07, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
- Google Trends charts how often a particular search term is entered across various regions of the world, and in various languages. The horizontal axis of the graph represents time (starting from some time in 2004), and the vertical is how often a term is searched for, globally.
- It's pretty fun to guess what citizens of your hometown are interested in -- for instance here in Vancouver, a lot of people are evidentally looking up the word 'nuclear' and 'Wii' (the upcoming Nintendo console)
- And to clarify, the 'cities' section is based on Google's guess of where the searcher is living, not where any websites originate.
--Chris 21:40, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
- Thanks Chris, I did have my suspicions that it was where the searcher is living, as when I searched for the English racial slur 'paki' (Vulgar slang meant to mean Pakistani, but instead is used for all who look Middle-Eastern), the city that it found that searched for it most was Bradford, which is well known for its racism.
- Today it appears to have changed, however, to various Pakistani cities. Also I see they have added some form of help system. but thank you for your time.
- Will 19:52, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
I found this to be most informative, Hint: Look at the regions. link
An example of a mysterious "seasonal search trend" given is that searches for Mesopotamia peaks at the end of September. This could be due to the fact that September is the beginning of many school years, and Mesopotamia is a common subject studied early in World History courses. (user: adamdesautel)
Tagalog and the Philippines seems to come out disproportionately off at the top of searches. A bug perhaps. Jooler 18:16, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
The article mentions that searches for "Mesopotamia" tend to spike in September, and talks about how odd this is.
I don't find it odd at all. In the northern hemisphere, the school year tends to begin in late August or early September, and Mesopotamia tends to be discussed fairly early in world history courses.
Compare results for "Mesopotamia," to "Roman empire," "Ancient Egypt," "Ancient Greece," and "Cliff notes." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Linguofreak (talk • contribs) 23:01, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
Yet another example of google being a history essay writer's best friend. Sjschen (talk) 14:47, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
Matlab correlation[edit]
The article is wrong in saying the trend for MATLAB solely corresponds to the new years. It dips in the middle of the year too, and it's clearly correlated to the spring and fall college semesters when engineering and math students are searching for help with MATLAB computations. No mystery there.Funkbomb (talk) 16:17, 15 January 2009 (UTC)
Removed paragraphs[edit]
i removed these as they were either WP:OR or not WP:RS. 188.8.131.52 (talk) 11:05, 2 April 2009 (UTC)
The real top search terms[edit]
NOWHERE I look has actually been able to provide a list of words that are simply get the highest ranking on Google Trends. This is really frustrating when you consider how simple of a question it is. This closest I was able to find was this outdated and incorrect blog post.
So, I want to ask if anyone has a RS on this shockingly simple question. Google Trends gives relative search volume, and I know that "popularity" or whatever doesn't necessarily follow from that, and the site itself has bugs, but I don't care. I just want to know what the top search terms are by the GT index. Nobody anywhere gives this information. I beg you to prove me wrong, alright!
My experimentation has produced several words that vastly out preform, but all I can do is a version of natural selection, so I can't absolutely prove anything. But with my attempts, I have found the following to be strongest:
youtube, facebook, google, myspace, sex, porn, yahoo, video, dvd, you, with, i, world, my
Obviously, some of these are getting high ratings because they are basic English words. But what you probably will find surprising is that youtube and facebook appear to now be outranking... well everything. The ranking of "you" has literally doubled because of youtube. -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 16:21, 5 April 2009 (UTC)


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VIEWS: 4 PAGES: 1 CATEGORY: Entrepreneurship & Business Planning POSTED ON: 3/16/2009 Public Domain
propose management for the Mara Groups new plan MBURU BY SOTOMON Thelandwhich wasformerly ownedjointlybythe CCPFwhich will act as a management for the area pastoralistcommunitieswasmainly usedaspas- surrounding the Mara reserve. Efforts to reinforcethe bufer zonesurrounding ture groundsforbothlivestockandwildlife. game Etforts reinforce to According to David Henson from CDC, the Dwindling revenuesfrom livestock produc- framework will enable communities to devel- the MasaiMara GameReserve have receiveda tion due to changingweather patterns and the buffer reserue's zone op pariicipatory management plans for their new boost with the start of a processmeant to I The Marasunounded West, Masai is onthe areas. createa management plan for the area. failure oftourismtoprovide enoughincomesfor North tast group and by ownedMaasai ranches by "It will be flexible and easily usable by commu- Improving conservationand tourism devel- the pastoralistsdueto poor management led has c0mmunities the and on SouthisiheTanzanian nities themselvesand it will enable communities opmentin the areais seen asthe onlywayof eas- to subdivision of land, creating opportunity for border. to plan for sustainable destination developmentj' ingpressure onthe Marareserve providing changinglanduse. and Wheatfarmshavesprungup in areas were that ranch are of greater rlhe group areas part the saidMrHenson. better incomes for communities surrounding formerly rangelandsfor free roaming wildlife. Mara-Serengeti and ecosystem provide dispersal Once complete, the framework will provide the reserve. Astakeholders' forum organised Basecamp by Settlementssuch as Tialek,Itong, Lolaimu- for areaswildlife. clear zonesfor wildlife, Iivestock pastures, human Foundation, broughttogethergroupranches, in- tia and Sekenanihave also sprung up blocking I lmprovrngconservation andtourism settlements and areas open for development of vestorsand representatives governmentbod- wildlife dispersalroutesand adding pressureto of inthe is as only of developmentareaseen the way tourism facilities. ieswho resolved pushfor a management to plan availablewildlife rangelands. easing 0nthe reserve providing pressure Mara and According to Mr Lars Lindkvist from Base- thatwill guideutilisation of ecological resources According to the Masai Mara senior War- betterincomesfor sunounding communities the camp Foundation, the frameworkforthe areas inthe area. den, Mr James Sindiyo, growth of the towns, reserve. surrounding the Mara should also be in harmony The MasaiMara is surrounded on the West "presentsseriousproblems for conservationin withthe management plan of the Mara reserve. North andEastby groupranchesownedby Maa- thefuture." "It needs to be harmonised with that of the sai communities and on the Southis the Tbnza- F\rrtherexpansion ofthesetownsis fearedwill resources be utilised without having a nega- will reservesince itis part of the same ecosystemj'he nianborder. cause permanentdisruption of wildlife habitats tive effecton the ecosystem. said. Already several institutions which include The group ranch areasarepart ofthe greater creating problems as seenin Kitengel4 where The Conservation Development Centre( Basecamp Foundation and the African Conserva- Mara-serengetiecosystem and provide disper- human settlementshave completelylocked off CDC) has already formulated a draft proposal tion Center have offered to support the process sal areasfor wildlife moving through the eco- wildlife irside the Nairobi National Park for amanagementplan that can provide abasis through capacitybuilding and tunding. system. To prevent this, stakeholders are pushing for discwsion by stakeholders.CDC which also Past efforts to bring together group ranches Changing of thela.nd ,however, use has sound- for a managementplan for the area to be for- createdmanagementplans forAmboseli, Tbavq have failed due to vast interests in the Mara edtheatarmbellsamong conservationists see mulated. who and Meru ConservationArea formulatedthe has whidr range from political, economic and so- it asathreattotheecologicalbalance ofthe area. A management planwill outline how the Mara Community Conserv'ation planning Ftamework cialinterests.
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This fully loaded, 2014 Shelby GT500 Super Snake is virtually new with only 320 miles and loaded with options. The owner bought it at... More
Original 67 GT 500 that's had a long documented history with the Shelby American Automobile Club. This Shelby is an original dark green GT... More
If you'd ever wanted to step back in time & buy your favorite modern Muscle Car you may have just missed a few years... More
1970 Shelby GT500, PRICE REDUCED!!! Hello and Thank You for checking out our latest listing of a Classic Car by The Motor Masters! Folks,... More
Shelby 2007 GT 500 Cobra red convertible, original owner, 2,192 miles, 6-spd Tremec, heated garage kept, no snow, rain, car wash, complete leather interior... More
Beautiful Fully Documented California 4 Speed Shelby The next generation Shelby Mustang was the GT500, and it incorporated Fords big block power from its... More
Private Collection: Shelby GT 500s. Two 1967s and one 2013 convertible. 1967 Ford Mustang GT500, in mint condition. 49,949 miles. Rare stripe delete in... More
1969 Shelby GT 500 This GT 500 is one of the lowest mile Shelby's in existence today. This rare vehicle has spent it's entire life... More
Call 440-914-0000 or email [contact seller] 1967 Shelby GT500 Eleanor This killer Classic Recreations-built '67 fastback goes as good as it looks, and you're already... More
Fully Documented, 428 Cobra Jet With Factory Air and 4 Speed Carroll Shelby, the renegade Texan who built and sold the legendary 289 Cobra,... More
1968 Shelby GT 500 Factory acapulco blue 4 speed that has fresh paint. This GT 500 runs and drives great and is a solid rust-free Shelby... More
Call 440-914-0000 or email [contact seller] 1967 Shelby GT700TR Some cars just make us smile. This one's got wicked power, the styling is spot... More
1968 Shelby GT 500 Convertible This GT 500 convertible is one of 402 Shelby's that were offered in 1968 with a 428 PI. It's been... More
SHELBY: 1967 GT500, Brittany blue/black int, 428 2x4 PI, 4-spd, pb, ps, inboard lights, Magstar wheels, SAAC Chairmans Award winner, lots of literature, fully... More