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Taíse Neves Ferreira
Full Text Available In society, pregnancy has always been treated as a uniquely female experience, however, it is observed that the concepts and functions predetermined for men and women in the family are in full transformation. Describe the importance of parental involvement in monitoring prenatal vision of father and pregnant. This is a descriptive and quantitative study. The research had as reference Strategies Family Health Cáceres - MT. Participants were 30 pregnant women and their companions. When asked whether women talked to his companions about the importance of paternal participation in prenatal care, 67% of women answered yes and 33% did not talk. It is important to note that prenatal quality is achieved through pipelines necessary for pregnant women and hospitable. Geared this progress is the father figure who demonstrates an interest in participating, however, the work prevent them from contributing effectively.
Mother Involvement as an Influence on Father Involvement with Early Adolescents
Pleck, Joseph H.; Hofferth, Sandra L.
This study hypothesized that father involvement is influenced by mothers' level of involvement as well as by marital conflict, mothers' work hours, and fathers' status as biological or step father. The analysis also tested hypotheses about mother involvement as a potential mediator of the effects of marital conflict and maternal work hours on father involvement, and hypotheses about factors influencing mother involvement. Children aged 10-14 from the NLSY79 who resided with their biological o...
Preconception and prenatal testing of biologic fathers for carrier status
Pletcher, Beth A.; Bocian, Maureen
The familial nature of genetic conditions often requires the testing of parents and other family members in order to determine the relationship of a genetic change to a clinical phenotype or to determine potential reproductive risks. When required as part of prenatal and preconceptional genetic testing services, time constraints and the costs and risks of alternatives to testing parents require that payers have established policies for how both maternal and paternal tests that inform fetal te...
Why Could Father Involvement Benefit Children? Theoretical Perspectives
Pleck, Joseph H.
Four theoretical perspectives about why father involvement could have positive consequences for child development are briefly reviewed: attachment theory, social capital theory, Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, and "essential father" theory. Strengths and weaknesses of each perspective are discussed, and the prospects for an integrated…
Child Support, Father-Child Contact, and Preteens' Involvement with Nonresidential Fathers: Racial/Ethnic Differences.
Hofferth, Sandra L; Forry, Nicole D; Peters, H Elizabeth
This study examined how child support, frequency of contact with children, and the relationship between nonresidential parents influenced preteens' reports of the involvement of fathers and mothers in their life. Data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) that has followed the children of NLSY mothers from birth into their twenties. Results showed that increases in child support and in contact with the child over time after separation are linked to a better coparental relationship when children are age 11 or 12. This better relationship between parents is, in turn, associated with greater involvement of both mothers and nonresidential fathers with their children. PMID:20357896
Adolescent Fathers Involved with Child Protection: Social Workers Speak
Gordon, Derrick M.; Watkins, Natasha D.; Walling, Sherry M.; Wilhelm, Sara; Rayford, Brett S.
This study examined adolescent paternity through structured interviews with their social workers. It adds to the literature by exploring if there were young men involved with the child protection services (CPS) system who are fathers, identifying their unique needs, and beginning discussions on working with these young men. CPS social workers from…
Cultural Influences on Positive Father Involvement in Two-Parent Mexican-Origin Families
Cruz, Rick A.; King, Kevin M.; Widaman, Keith F.; Leu, Janxin; Cauce, Ana Mari; Conger, Rand D.
A growing body of research documents the importance of positive father involvement in children's development. However, research on fathers in Latino families is sparse, and research contextualizing the father-child relationship within a cultural framework is needed. The current study examined how father's cultural practices and values predicted their fifth-grade child's report of positive father involvement among a sample of 450 two-parent Mexican-origin families. Predictors included Span...
Predictors of Paternal Involvement for Resident and Nonresident Low-Income Fathers
Coley, Rebekah Levine; Hernandez, Daphne C.
In a sample of low-income families (N = 239), structural equation models assessed predictors of fathers' involvement with preschool-aged children in instrumental, behavioral, and emotional realms. Results suggest that parental conflict has a strong negative relation with father involvement. Fathers' human capital characteristics, healthy…
Cultural influences on positive father involvement in two-parent Mexican-origin families.
Cruz, Rick A; King, Kevin M; Widaman, Keith F; Leu, Janxin; Cauce, Ana Mari; Conger, Rand D
A growing body of research documents the importance of positive father involvement in children's development. However, research on fathers in Latino families is sparse, and research contextualizing the father-child relationship within a cultural framework is needed. The present study examined how fathers' cultural practices and values predicted their fifth-grade children's report of positive father involvement in a sample of 450 two-parent Mexican-origin families. Predictors included Spanish- and English-language use, Mexican and American cultural values, and positive machismo (i.e., culturally related attitudes about the father's role within the family). Positive father involvement was measured by the child's report of his or her father's monitoring, educational involvement, and warmth. Latent variable regression analyses showed that fathers' machismo attitudes were positively related to children's report of positive father involvement and that this association was similar across boys and girls. The results of this study suggest an important association between fathers' cultural values about men's roles and responsibilities within a family and their children's perception of positive fathering. PMID:21842992
Salvadoran fathers' attendance at prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care La presencia de los padres salvadoreńos durante la atención prenatal, el parto y la atención posparto
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Marion W. Carter
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To provide a baseline perspective on the prevalence of Salvadoran men's attendance at prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum well-baby care and on sociodemographic factors associated with their attendance, with the goal of informing efforts to help men play more positive roles in maternal-child health. METHODS: The data came from the 2003 Salvadoran National Male Health Survey. The data focused on fathers (n = 418 and their most recent live-born child in the preceding five years. Factors associated with the fathers' participation in prenatal care visits, attendance at delivery, and participation in postnatal well-baby visits were explored using logistic and multinomial regression models. RESULTS: Ninety percent of the recent Salvadoran fathers who were surveyed participated in a prenatal care visit, attended the delivery, or participated in a postpartum well-baby care visit; 34% participated in all three of the activities. Attendance at delivery was most common, reported by 81% of fathers; the most common reason that subjects cited for not attending was that they had had to work. CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of the Salvadoran fathers participated in at least one prenatal care visit, delivery, or a postpartum well-baby care visit. While attendance alone does not necessarily indicate that men are supporting their partners, the results suggest that norms are in place for men to play positive roles in maternal-child health matters. Furthermore, the participation of fathers in these maternal and child health care activities may provide new opportunities to educate and further support men in both their own health and their family's health.OBJETIVO: Proporcionar información de base acerca de la frecuencia con la cual los hombres salvadoreńos acuden a la atención prenatal, al parto y a la atención del bebé sano después del parto, así como acerca de los factores sociodemográficos que se asocian con su asistencia a esas actividades, a fin de orientar acciones encaminadas a ayudar a los hombres a participar de una forma más útil en la salud maternoinfantil. MÉTODOS: Los datos, que se obtuvieron de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Masculina de 2003 (ENSM-03 de El Salvador, se centran en los padres (n = 418 y en el hijo más joven que haya nacido vivo durante los cinco ańos anteriores a la encuesta. Mediante modelos de regresión logística y multinomial se exploraron factores asociados con la presencia de los padres en las consultas prenatales, en el parto y en las consultas para la atención del neonato sano. RESULTADOS: Noventa por ciento de los padres salvadoreńos que fueron encuestados participaron en una consulta prenatal, asistieron al parto o estuvieron en una consulta para la atención del bebé sano; 34% de ellos participaron en las tres actividades. Lo más frecuente fue la asistencia al parto, notificada por 81% de los padres, y la razón dada con mayor frecuencia para no haber asistido fue la necesidad de ir a trabajar. CONCLUSIONES: La gran mayoría de los padres salvadoreńos habían estado en por lo menos una consulta prenatal, en el parto o en una consulta para la atención del bebé sano. Aunque la participación en estas actividades no necesariamente significa que los cónyuges les estén dando a sus parejas el apoyo debido, los resultados parecieran indicar que ya están sentadas ciertas normas para que los hombres puedan desempeńar un papel positivo en el área de la salud maternoinfantil. Además, la participación de los padres en estas actividades relacionadas con la atención de madre e hijo podría ofrecer nuevas oportunidades para educar a los hombres y darles más apoyo en el cuidado de su propia salud y la de su familia.
Kocayo?ru?k, Ercan; Hati?pog?lu Su?mer, Zeynep
The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to design and determine the effect of Father Involvement Training (FIT), which is based on social-cognitive theory principles, on family functioning in father-adolescent relationships, and (b) to examine the effect of Father Involvement Training (FIT) on the quality of the peer relationships of 9th grade high school students, whose fathers participated in the study. The sample was composed of twenty- six 9th grade students' fathers. The 2x3 ...
Who Stays and Who Leaves? Father Accessibility Across Children's First 5 Years.
Shannon, Jacqueline D; Cabrera, Natasha J; Tamis-Lemonda, Catherine; Lamb, Michael E
OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal investigation examines whether fathers' prenatal involvement (e.g., attending doctor appointments and discussing pregnancy with mother) and residence status at infant's birth predict the first time a father becomes inaccessible to his child (defined as seeing child fewer than a few times per month) at six developmental time points in children's first 5 years. DESIGN: Data were gathered from 2,160 ethnically diverse mothers (i.e., European American, African American, and Latin American) who participated in the National Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Survival analysis was used to predict the timing of father inaccessibility based on interviews. RESULTS: By prekindergarten, fathers' residence at birth and prenatal involvement decreased their risk of being inaccessible to their children for the first time by 71% and 47%, respectively, after adjusting for all other variables in the model. Residence at birth was a stronger predictor of the timing of father inaccessibility than was prenatal involvement for European American and Latin American fathers; for African American fathers, prenatal involvement was a stronger predictor of the timing of father inaccessibility than nonresidential status at birth. Nearly 65% of fathers who were engaged in both prenatal activities remained consistently accessible to their child through child age of 63 months, whereas nearly 50% of fathers who were not prenatally involved were already inaccessible by the time infants were 3 months. CONCLUSION: These findings have implications for early intervention programs aimed at strengthening the role of fathers in their families from the prenatal period. PMID:20333276
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Ercan KOCAYÖRÜK
Full Text Available The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a to design and determine the effect of Father Involvement Training (FIT, which is based on social-cognitive theory principles, on family functioning in father-adolescent relationships, and (b to examine the effect of Father Involvement Training (FIT on the quality of the peer relationships of 9th grade high school students, whose fathers participated in the study. The sample was composed of twenty- six 9th grade students' fathers. The 2x3 experimental design examined pre-training, post-training and six-month follow-up measurements of an experimental group and control group. Data were collected through Parent Success Indicator (PSI, Parent Adolescent Relationship Scale (PARS and Peer Relationship Scale (PRS. Data were analyzed by employing Mann Whitney U Test, Friedman Test, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The results revealed that the Father Involvement Training had significant effects on the father-child relationship and family functioning of experimental group's fathers. The adolescents, whose fathers participated in the experimental group, had improved in close-relationship and sensitivity dimensions at the end of the study. However, the improvements were not maintained after the six months follow-up measurements. Lastly, there was a significant improvement in the trust and identification dimension of peer relationship levels of children whose fathers received the training compared to children whose fathers did not receive the training.
Mexican-origin Mothers' and Fathers' Involvement in Adolescents' Peer Relationships: A Pattern-Analytic Approach
Updegraff, Kimberly A.; Perez-brena, Norma J.; Baril, Megan E.; Mchale, Susan M.; Uman?a-taylor, Adriana J.
Using latent profile analysis, this study examined patterns of mother-father involvement in adolescents' peer relationships along three dimensions, support, guidance, and restrictions, in 240 Mexican-origin families. Three profiles were identified: (a) High Mother Involvement (mothers higher than fathers on all three dimensions); (b) High Support/Congruent (mothers and fathers reported the highest levels of peer support and similar levels of guidance and restrictions); and (c) Differentiate...
Parental Depression, Relationship Quality, and Nonresident Father Involvement with Their Infants
Paulson, James F.; Dauber, Sarah E.; Leiferman, Jenn A.
The role of depression in nonresident fathers' involvement with their infant children is poorly understood. A three-factor model of father involvement was evaluated, and its association with parental relationship quality and depressive symptoms in both parents were tested. Data on 569 families from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study were used.…
Father Involvement and Maternal Depressive Symptoms in Families of Children with Disabilities or Delays.
Laxman, Daniel J; McBride, Brent A; Jeans, Laurie M; Dyer, W Justin; Santos, Rosa M; Kern, Justin L; Sugimura, Niwako; Curtiss, Sarah L; Weglarz-Ward, Jenna M
This study examined the longitudinal association between fathers' early involvement in routine caregiving, literacy, play, and responsive caregiving activities at 9 months and maternal depressive symptoms at 4 years. Data for 3,550 children and their biological parents were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort data set. Analyses in a structural equation modeling framework examined whether the association between father involvement and maternal depressive symptoms differed for families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and for families of children with other disabilities or delays from families of children who were typically developing. Results indicated that father literacy and responsive caregiving involvement were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for mothers of children with ASD. These findings indicate that greater father involvement may benefit families of children with ASD and highlight the need to support and encourage service providers to work with fathers. PMID:25326111
The Protective Effects of Father Involvement for Infants of Teen Mothers with Depressive Symptoms.
Lewin, Amy; Mitchell, Stephanie J; Waters, Damian; Hodgkinson, Stacy; Southammakosane, Cathy; Gilmore, Jasmine
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of father involvement on infant distress among children born to teen mothers, particularly those who are depressed. 119 teen mothers (financial responsibility for their children. In a multiple linear regression, father responsibility predicted lower infant distress, maternal depression predicted higher infant distress, and there was a significant interaction in which father engagement buffered the effect of maternal depression on infant distress. Fathers may be a protective resource for children born to teen mothers, even as early as the first 6 months of life, potentially mitigating the heightened risk associated with maternal depression in the postpartum period. PMID:25102809
Exploring the impact of involving fathers in the treatment of their children: A study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
Anna Elisabeth Iversen; Barbara Hoff Esbjřrn; Elisabeth Christensen; Nina Schultz Hansen
Although fathers have been shown to contribute uniquely to the development of psychopathology in children, they continue to be ignored in research and clinical work. Knowledge about the impact of involving fathers in their child's treatment – for the child, couple and the family as a whole - is still sparse. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of having fathers involved in the treatment of their child. Parents, whose children had received cognitive behavioural ther...
Measuring Father Involvement in the Early Head Start Evaluation: A Multidimensional Conceptualization.
Cabrera, Natasha J.; Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine S.; Lamb, Michael E.; Boller, Kimberly
Early Head Start (EHS) is a comprehensive, two-generation program that includes intensive services that begin before the child is born and concentrate on enhancing the child's development and supporting the family during the critical first 3 years of a child's life. This paper discusses approaches to measuring father involvement in their…
Father Residency and Symptoms of ADHD: Adult Male Involvement as a Mediator
Barnard-Brak, Lucy; To, Yen M.; Davis, Tonya N.; Thomson, David
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between fathers' involvement and the presence of later symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. A community-based, nationally representative sample of children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort was utilised. Using a…
Mothers' and Fathers' Couple and Family Contextual Influences, Parent Involvement, and School-Age Child Attachment
Coyl-Shepherd, Diana D.; Newland, Lisa A.
Increasingly couples in two-parent families share the dual responsibilities of parenting and providing for their children financially. Parenting is embedded within and shaped by specific family contexts. This study examined 92 mothers' and fathers' responses on indices of couple and family contexts, parent involvement, and child-reported…
Distinguishing the Influences of Father's and Mother's Involvement on Adolescent Academic Achievement: Analyses of Taiwan Education Panel Survey Data
Hsu, Hsien-Yuan; Zhang, Dalun; Kwok, Oi-Man; Li, Yan; Ju, Song
Using a sample drawn from Taiwan, this study evaluated the role of mother and father involvement in adolescent academic achievement. The participants were drawn from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and consisted of 8,108 adolescents who studied seventh grade in 2001. Father and mother involvement related to academic achievement was…
Effects of maternal gate-keeping behavior on father involvement in care of a pre-school child
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Mihi? Ivana
Full Text Available The research so far indicates that the context in which the father's role takes place significantly influences the form and level of father involvement in taking care of the child. The primary goal of this research was to describe the forms and effects of maternal gate-keeping behavior as a characteristic form of interaction between parents which is, as part of the context, considered a significant factor in father involvement in care of the child. Research participants were 247 parental couples from complete families whose oldest child attended a pre-school institution. Fathers provided assessments of their own involvement via the Father Involvement Inventory, as well as assessments of prominence of gate-keeping behavior in their wives via the checklist of maternal gate-keeping behavior. Mothers reported on their beliefs about the importance and possibilities of father involvement in care of the child, as well as on their personal satisfaction with the current involvement of their husband in the joint care of the child. The results point out to the particular forms of mothers' ambivalence when it comes to the joint care of the child, which is a form of gate-keeping behavior. The frequency of gate-keeping behavior, assessed by the checklist, significantly changes the possibilities of father involvement in taking care of the child in the developmental phase of the family, having in mind that the task of this phase is precisely the definition of parental roles and formation of parent cooperative principle.
Influence of mother's depression on her reports of father involvement and child behavioral problems: a latent state-trait approach.
Raskin, Maryna; Fosse, Nathan E; Easterbrooks, M Ann
Research on father involvement has shown positive effects on child development. Because fathers in high social risk samples may be hard to recruit or retain in studies, the literature often has relied on maternal report of father involvement. A major limitation of this approach is that unobserved traits of the reporting mothers may distort the real associations between father involvement and children's development. Using maternal data from a large, longitudinal sample (N = 704) of low-income, young mothers, we evaluated the degree to which a stable depressive trait affected the link between mother-reported measures of father involvement and child problems. Three waves of maternal depression data were used to fit a latent state-trait model of depression, allowing for separate estimates of occasion-specific symptoms and stable depressive trait. A latent regression analysis which did not control for this trait revealed a link between father involvement and child problems similar in magnitude to the links reported in the literature. However, this association disappeared once we accounted for the effect of maternal depressive trait. Results suggest that studies using maternal reports of both father and child behaviors should control for such confounding effects. We elaborate on these findings in the conclusion and offer suggestions for future research on the role of fathers in child development. PMID:25504511
Alcoholics Anonymous attendance following 12-step treatment participation as a link between alcoholic fathers' treatment involvement and their children's externalizing problems
Andreas, Jasmina Burdzovic; O Farrell, Timothy J.
We investigated longitudinal associations between alcoholic fathers' 12-step treatment involvement and their children's internalizing and externalizing problems (N=125, Mage=9.8±3.1), testing the hypotheses that fathers' greater treatment involvement would benefit later child behavior, and that this effect would be mediated by fathers' post-treatment behaviors. The initial association was established between fathers' treatment involvement and children's externalizing problems onl...
The Need for More Effective Father Involvement in Early Autism Intervention: A Systematic Review and Recommendations
Flippin, Michelle; Crais, Elizabeth R.
Fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are underrepresented in both early intervention and research. However, fathers have unique interaction styles that make important contributions to the language and symbolic play development of typically developing children. Fathers may make similar contributions to the development of their…
Protestant Evangelical Christian Fathers and Their Intentional Involvement in the Relational Christian Spiritual Formation of Their Children
Clark, Steve Richard
This quantitative study explored paternal intentional involvement in the relational spiritual formation of their children. The main research question was to what degree are Protestant Evangelical fathers intentionally involved in the relational spiritual formation of their children? The research was based on two domains: relational spiritual…
Nonresident Father Involvement With Children and Divorced Women's Likelihood of Remarriage.
McNamee, Catherine B; Amato, Paul; King, Valarie
Although remarriage is a relatively common transition, little is known about how nonresident fathers affect divorced mothers' entry into remarriage. Using the 1979-2010 rounds of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979, the authors examined the likelihood of remarriage for divorced mothers (N = 882) by nonresident father contact with children and payment of child support. The findings suggest that maternal remarriage is positively associated with nonresident father contact but not related to receiving child support. PMID:25414523
Parenting as a "Package Deal": Relationships, Fertility, and Nonresident Father Involvement Among Unmarried Parents
Tach, Laura; Mincy, Ronald; Edin, Kathryn
Fatherhood has traditionally been viewed as part of a "package deal" in which a father's relationship with his child is contingent on his relationship with the mother. We evaluate the accuracy of this hypothesis in light of the high rates of multiple-partner fertility among unmarried parents using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a recent longitudinal survey of nonmarital births in large cities. We examine whether unmarried mothers' and fathers' subsequent relationshi...
Involving fathers in prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives – what the evidence suggests
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Natasha Croome
Full Text Available Introduction: The current UNAIDS goal towards virtual ending or elimination of infants acquiring HIV by 2015 is perhaps the most achievable goal to date. Yet, models show that delivery of antiretroviral compounds alone will not suffice to achieve this goal, and a broader community-based approach to pregnancy, families and HIV is needed. Such an approach would highlight the important role of men in reproduction. Although early studies have shown it is cost-effective to include males, very few interventions have proceeded to involve men. Methods: This review utilized systematic review techniques to explore the literature on effective interventions for the inclusion of men in the prevention of HIV to infants. A key word search of literature sources generated 248 studies for hand sorting and interrogation. Of these, 13 were found to contain some information on involvement of males in some form of provision. Data were abstracted from these and form the basis of this review. Results: Background descriptive studies painted a picture of low male involvement, poor male inclusion and barriers to engagement at all stages. Yet, pregnancy intentions among men affected by HIV are high and the importance of fathers to family functioning – from relationships, through conception, pregnancy and parenting – is well established. Search strategies for interventions for males in HIV and pregnancy were used to generate studies of sufficient quality to inform strategies on the future of male involvement. Of the 317,434 papers on pregnancy and HIV, only 4178 included the term male (paternal or father. When these were restricted to intervention studies, only 248 remained for hand sorting, generating 13 studies of relevance for data extraction. The results show that all these interventions were concentrated around male partner HIV testing. In general, male partner testing was low and was amenable to change by offering voluntary counselling and testing (VCT information, providing couple-based testing facilities and encouraging male attendance. All interventions used indirect approaches to men via their pregnant spouse. Non-health facility (clinic or hospital-based provision (such as testing facilities in the community in bars and churches were more effective than healthcare facilities in attracting male participation. Conclusions: In conclusion, the review showed that approaches to men are limited to HIV testing with little innovative planning and provision for male treatment and care. As such, initiatives run the risk of alienating rather than including males. Direct approaches and the provision of male-specific facilities and benefits should be explored.
Parental Involvement, Child Temperament, and Parents' Work Hours: Differential Relations for Mothers and Fathers
Brown, Geoffrey L.; McBride, Brent A.; Bost, Kelly K.; Shin, Nana
This study examined how child temperament was related to parents' time spent accessible to and interacting with their 2-year-olds. Bivariate analyses indicated that both fathers and mothers spent more time with temperamentally challenging children than easier children on workdays, but fathers spent less time with challenging children than easier…
Exploring the impact of involving fathers in the treatment of their children: A study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA
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Anna Elisabeth Iversen
Full Text Available Although fathers have been shown to contribute uniquely to the development of psychopathology in children, they continue to be ignored in research and clinical work. Knowledge about the impact of involving fathers in their child's treatment – for the child, couple and the family as a whole - is still sparse. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of having fathers involved in the treatment of their child. Parents, whose children had received cognitive behavioural therapy for an anxiety disorder, were interviewed about this topic. The participating parents had all been involved in the treatment of their child. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA was used to analyze the data in this study. Three higher order themes and 11 subthemes emerged from the six interview accounts. The three higher order themes were as follows: Strengthening the family system, empowerment of parents, and impact on partner relationship. Results indicated that parents' experiences of the involvement of fathers to be beneficial not only on the child's treatment but also on other aspects of family life. The parents reported that the family as a whole benefitted from the treatment and that the relationship between the parents was strengthened. A model was created to conceptualize these results.
O envolvimento paterno no processo da amamentaçăo: propostas de incentivo / Involving fathers in breast feeding: stimulus proposals
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Cleide Maria, Pontes; Aline Chaves, Alexandrino; Mônica Maria, Osório.
Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: desvendar os eixos norteadores e, a partir deles, construir uma proposta de incentivo ŕ participaçăo do homem no processo da amamentaçăo, identificando estratégias nas diversas fases de sua vida, desde criança até tornar-se pai. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, cujo [...] s eixos norteadores e a construçăo da proposta ocorreram a partir da análise das falas oriundas das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 17 casais, residentes na favela do Bode, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. As falas foram interpretadas ŕ luz da análise do conteúdo manifesto, ancoradas no referencial teórico - construçăo histórica, social e cultural da paternidade - para encontrar os eixos norteadores e subsídios ŕ construçăo da proposta. RESULTADOS: os eixos norteadores encontrados foram família, escola e instituiçăo de saúde, os quais subsidiaram a construçăo de uma proposta por meio da implantaçăo do ambulatório de amamentaçăo (consulta para família, do pré-natal aos seis meses de vida da criança) e da socializaçăo de meninos e meninas pró-amamentaçăo. Tal proposta consta de atividades para o envolvimento do pai no amamentar. CONCLUSŐES: os eixos norteadores apresentaram aspectos significativos que alijaram o homem do processo da amamentaçăo. Por isso, a essęncia desta proposta construída foi servir de modelo de incentivo ŕ participaçăo do pai nessa prática, para se estruturar um programa de saúde a ser implementado nas escolas e instituiçőes de saúde, como uma forma de transformar a cultura do amamentar, aumentando o período de duraçăo da amamentaçăo. Abstract in english OBJECTIVES: to reveal the guiding influences and through these to draw up a proposal to stimulate the participation of men in breast feeding, identifying strategies at the various phases in a man's life, from childhood to fatherhood. METHODS: a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study was carr [...] ied out, whose guidelines and proposals were based on examination of statements gathered in the course of semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 couples, living on the Bode favela, in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The statements were interpreted using manifest content analysis, based on the theoretical notion of the historical, social and cultural construction of fatherhood, and subsequently used to determine the guiding influences and draw up proposals. RESULTS: the principal guiding influences were found to be the family, the school and the health unit, all of which help to draw up a proposal for the initiation of breast feeding at the outpatients clinic (during prenatal family consultations when the child is aged six months) and the socialization of male and female children in favor of breast feeding. This proposal includes activities that aim to involve the father in breast feeding. CONCLUSIONS: some significant features of the guiding influences tend to exclude men from the breast feeding process. The essence of this proposal is therefore to serve as a model for stimulating the participation of fathers in breast feeding and for building up a health program to be introduced in schools and health units, as a way of changing the culture of breast feeding and extending its duration.
Prenatal stress, anxiety and depression: a mechanism involving CRH peptide family.
Fan, Jun-Ming; Chen, Xue-Qun; Du, Ji-Zeng
Prenatal stress (PNS) is associated with increased biological risk for mental disorders such as anxiety and depression later in life, and stress appear to be additive to the PNS influences. Among the most widely cited and accepted alternative hypotheses of anxiety and depression is dysfunction of the HPA axis, a system that is central in orchestrating the stress response. Therefore, understanding how PNS exerts profound effects on the HPA axis and stress-sensitive brain functions including anxiety and depression has significant clinical importance. In this mini-review, we will focus on novel and evolving concepts regarding the potential mechanisms underlying the short and long-term effects of PNS involving CRH peptide family. We present evidence demonstrating prenatal hypoxia exposure induced anxiety-like behavior in adult male rat offspring and CRHR1 in PVN of the hypothalamus is involved. PMID:25433848
Young Disadvantaged Men as Fathers
Berger, Lawrence M.; Langton, Callie
This article reviews the existing literature on young disadvantaged fathers' involvement with children. It first outlines the predominant theoretical perspectives regarding father involvement among resident (married and cohabiting) biological fathers, resident social fathers (unrelated romantic partners of children's mothers), and nonresident biological fathers. Second, it presents a brief discussion of the ways in which fathers contribute to childrearing. Third, it describes the socioeco...
Parenting from Abroad: Migration, Nonresident Father Involvement, and Children's Education in Mexico
Nobles, Jenna
In Mexico, a country with high emigration rates, parental migration matches divorce as a contributor to child-father separation. Yet little has been written about children's relationships with migrating parents. In this study, I use nationally representative data from the 2005 Mexican Family Life Survey to model variation in the interaction…
Psychopathological status, behavior problems, and family adjustment of Kuwaiti children whose fathers were involved in the first gulf war
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Ohaeri Jude U
Full Text Available Abstract Objectives Following the end of the Gulf War that resulted in the liberation of Kuwait, there are no reports on the impact of veterans' traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD on their children. We compared the severity of anxiety, depression, deviant behavior and poor family adjustment among the children of a stratified random sample of four groups of Kuwaiti military men, viz: the retired; an active -in-the-army group (AIA (involved in duties at the rear; an in-battle group (IB (involved in combat; and a prisoners -of- war (POWs group. Also, we assessed the association of father's PTSD/combat status and mother's characteristics with child psychosocial outcomes. Method Subjects were interviewed at home, 6 years after the war, using: the Child Behavior Index to assess anxiety, depression, and adaptive behavior; Rutter Scale A2 for deviant behavior; and Family Adjustment Device for adjustment at home. Both parents were assessed for PTSD. Results The 489 offspring (250 m, 239 f; mean age 13.8 yrs belonged to 166 father-mother pairs. Children of POWs tended to have higher anxiety, depression, and abnormal behavior scores. Those whose fathers had PTSD had significantly higher depression scores. However, children of fathers with both PTSD and POW status (N = 43 did not have significantly different outcome scores than the other father PTSD/combat status groups. Mother's PTSD, anxiety, depression and social status were significantly associated with all the child outcome variables. Parental age, child's age and child's level of education were significant covariates. Although children with both parents having PTSD had significantly higher anxiety/depression scores, the mother's anxiety was the most frequent and important predictor of child outcome variables. The frequency of abnormal test scores was: 14% for anxiety/depression, and 17% for deviant behavior. Conclusion Our findings support the impression that child emotional experiences in vulnerable family situations transcend culture and are associated with the particular behavior of significant adults in the child's life. The primacy of the mother's influence has implications for interventions to improve the psychological functioning of children in such families. Mental health education for these families has the potential to help those in difficulty.
A relaçăo entre o envolvimento paterno e o desempenho acadęmico dos filhos / The relationship between father involvement and children's academic performance
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Fabiana, Cia; Sabrina Mazo, D´Affonseca; Elizabeth Joan, Barham.
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar o impacto da qualidade do relacionamento entre pai e filho sobre o desempenho acadęmico de crianças escolares. Participaram deste estudo 58 pais e seus filhos da 5Ş e 6Ş séries. Os pais preencheram o questionário "Qualidade da interaçăo familiar na visăo pa [...] terna" e os filhos preencheram o questionário "Interaçăo pai-filho". Para investigar como o envolvimento dos pais afetou o desempenho acadęmico dos seus filhos, as crianças foram avaliadas com o "Teste de Desempenho Escolar". Observou-se que, quanto maior a freqüęncia de comunicaçőes entre pai e filho e quanto maior o envolvimento dos pais nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho, melhor o desempenho acadęmico das crianças. Tais resultados demonstram a importância do pai para o desempenho acadęmico dos filhos e apontam para a necessidade de educar os homens para conhecerem as muitas açőes que podem melhorar seu desempenho enquanto pais. Abstract in english The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the quality of the father-child relationship on children's academic performance. A total of 58 fathers and their children (in the fifth and sixth grades) participated in this study. The fathers completed a questionnaire, "Quality of family interaction [...] - fathers' perspective" and the children completed a questionnaire "Father-child interaction". To investigate how the fathers' involvement affected their children's academic performance, the children were evaluated using the School Performance Test. The results indicate that, the higher the frequency of father-child communication and the greater the fathers' involvement in the children's school, cultural and leisure activities, the higher the children's academic performance. These results indicate the importance of fathers' involvement, to maximize children's academic performance, and the necessity of educating men with respect to the ways in which they can improve their parental performance.
Teen Father Handbook for Teen Fathers and Teen Fathers-To-Be: Straight Talk for Young Fathers.
Maybury, Karol K.
This handbook, published by the Teen Father's Program of the Sacramento (California) YWCA, outlines options available to teen fathers-to-be, as well as adolescent males who are already fathers, and where they can find help. While the final decision about pregnancy legally rests with the mother, the father can be involved in the process by helping…
Parental Spanking and Subsequent Risk for Child Aggression in Father-Involved Families of Young Children.
Lee, Shawna J; Taylor, Catherine A; Altschul, Inna; Rice, Janet C
This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose-response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03-3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking. PMID:24019558
Desempenho acadęmico e autoconceito de escolares: contribuiçőes do envolvimento paterno / Children's academic performance and self-concept: contributions of father involvement
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Fabiana, Cia; Elizabeth Joan, Barham; Anne Marie Germaine Victorine, Fontaine.
Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar as relaçőes entre tręs formas do envolvimento paterno (a comunicaçăo entre pai e filho; a participaçăo do pai nos cuidados com o filho; a participaçăo do pai nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho) e dois aspectos do desenvolvimento infantil (a [...] utoconceito e desempenho acadęmico) de crianças que iniciam as atividades escolares. Participaram deste estudo 97 casais e seus filhos matriculados na 1Ş ou 2Ş série do Ensino Fundamental. Para avaliar o envolvimento paterno a partir de duas perspectivas diferentes, tanto os pais quanto as măes responderam ŕ Avaliaçăo do bem-estar pessoal e familiar e do relacionamento pai-filho - Versăo Paterna. Para avaliar o desempenho acadęmico e o autoconceito, foram aplicados nas crianças o Teste de Desempenho Escolar e o Self-Description Questionnaire I. Observou-se que, quanto maior a frequęncia de comunicaçăo entre pai e filho, a participaçăo do pai nos cuidados com o filho e a participaçăo do pai nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho, maior o desempenho acadęmico e o autoconceito das crianças. Esses resultados săo indicativos da importância do envolvimento paterno e apontam a necessidade de se realizarem intervençőes educativas dirigidas aos homens. Abstract in english The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among three types of fathering involvement (father-child communication, fathers' participation in caring for their child and fathers' participation in their child's school, cultural and leisure activities) and two aspects of a child's develo [...] pment (academic performance and selfconcept) among children in their first years of schooling. The participants were 97 fathers, mothers and their children, who were attending the first or second grade. To evaluate father involvement from two different perspectives, both the fathers and the mothers completed the Evaluation questionnaire about individual and family well-being and the parentchild relationship - Fathering Version. Children's academic performance and selfconcept were evaluated using the School Performance Test and the Self-Description Questionnaire I, respectively. The greater the frequency of father-child communication, of the fathers' participation in caring for their children, and in their children's school, cultural and leisure activities, the stronger the children's academic performance and the more positive their selfconcept. These results are indicative of the importance of fathers' involvement and point out the need for educational interventions specifically for men.
Fathers Matter: A Research Review
Featherstone, Brid
This review outlines key areas of research in relation to the following: the nature of father involvement; factors influencing involvement; the influence of fathers on children; and social policy developments. It reviews the practice oriented research which has emerged in the UK as engaging fathers has become part of the agenda for many child…
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luciana, Magnoni Reberte; Luiza Akiko, Komura Hoga.
Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de descrever a experięncia de pais que participaram em um grupo de educaçăo para a saúde realizado na assistęncia pré-natal. O grupo foi desenvolvido mediante a estratégia da pesquisa-açăo em um hospital Universitário da cidade de Săo Paulo, Brasil e contou com a partic [...] ipaçăo de oito gestantes e quatro maridos. Das entrevistas individuais feitas com os maridos, integralmente gravadas, transcritas e analisadas de forma indutiva e interpretativa, emergiram tręs categorias descritivas: a) A participaçăo no grupo permitiu compartilhar das experięncias de forma mais intensa, b) a participaçăo no grupo permitiu melhor compreensăo da mulher grávida e promoveu a qualidade do suporte oferecido a ela, c) o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento das técnicas corporais promoveram a integraçăo do casal e entre os participantes no grupo. A participaçăo ativa do pai nas atividades educativas da assistęncia pré-natal deve ser incentivada porque este medida produz benefícios para ele e, conseqüentemente, para sua família e a sociedade. Abstract in spanish Esta investigación tuvo el objetivo de describir la experiencia de padres que habían participado de un grupo de educación en salud realizado en la atención prenatal. El grupo fue desarrollado con empleo de la metodología de investigación-acción en el hospital Universitario de la ciudad de Săo Paulo, [...] Brasil y tuvo la participación de ocho embarazadas y cuatro acompańantes. De las entrevistas individuales hechas con los maridos, las que fueron completamente grabadas, transcritas y analizadas de forma inductiva e interpretativa, surgieron tres categorías descriptivas: a) La participación en el grupo permitió compartir las experiencias de forma más intensa, b) la participación en el grupo permitió mejorar la comprensión de la mujer embarazada y promovió la calidad en el soporte ofrecido a ella, c) el aprendizaje y el desarrollo de las técnicas corporales promovió la integración entre las parejas y entre los participantes del grupo. La participación activa de los padres en las actividades educativas del cuidado prenatal debe ser incentivada, pues esta medida produce beneficios para él y, consecuentemente, a su familia y la sociedad. Abstract in english The aim of this research was to describe the experience of fathers, participating in a health education group during prenatal care. An action research strategy was adopted to carry out the study and handle the group, at a University hospital, city of Săo Paulo, Brazil. The group was conformed by eig [...] ht pregnant women and four husbands. From the individual interviews carried out with the husbands, fully recorded, transcribed and analyzed in an inductive and interpretive way, three descriptive categories emerged from the experience: a) The participation in the group permitted to share the experiences in a more intensive way, b) the participation in the group permitted a better understanding of the pregnant woman and promoted the quality of support offered to her, c) the knowledge and the development of body techniques promoted the integration of the couples and among the participants of the group. The fathers´ active participation in the educational activities carried out in prenatal care should be encouraged to produce benefits for him and, consequently, to his family and the society.
"Wanting to Be a Good Father": Experiences of Adolescent Fathers of Mexican Descent in a Teen Fathers Program
Parra-Cardona, Jose Ruben; Wampler, Richard S.; Sharp, Elizabeth A.
Adolescent fatherhood has received limited attention in research and clinical practice. This article describes the design and implementation of a parenting program for adolescent fathers, largely minority, involved in the juvenile justice system. In the teen fathers groups, adolescent fathers were exposed to therapeutic (e.g., family-of-origin) as…
Science Update
In the hit movie Finding Nemo, Marlin the clown fish searches the ocean for his missing son. While it's unlikely that a real clown fish could make this long journey, some male fish do show a fatherly attitude toward their offspring. You'll hear about one in this Science Update.
Ozge Ozalp Yuregir; Selim Buyukkurt; Filiz Koc; Ayfer Pazarbasi
Prenatal diagnosis is the process of determining the health or disease status of the fetus or embryo before birth. The purpose is early detection of diseases and early intervention when required. Prenatal genetic tests comprise of cytogenetic (chromosome assessment) and molecular (DNA mutation analysis) tests. Prenatal testing enables the early diagnosis of many diseases in risky pregnancies. Furthermore, in the event of a disease, diagnosing prenatally will facilitate the planning of necessa...
Origins of Mothers' and Fathers' Beliefs about Infant Crying
Leerkes, Esther M.; Parade, Stephanie H.; Burney, Regan V.
Origins of mothers' and fathers' beliefs about infant crying were examined in 87 couples. Parents completed measures of emotion minimization in the family of origin, depressive symptoms, empathy, trait anger, and coping styles prenatally. At 6 months postpartum, parents completed a self-report measure of their beliefs about infant crying. Mothers endorsed more infant-oriented and less parent-oriented beliefs about crying than did fathers. Consistent with prediction, a history of emotion m...
Origins of Mothers' and Fathers' Beliefs about Infant Crying
Leerkes, Esther M.; Parade, Stephanie H.; Burney, Regan V.
Origins of mothers' and fathers' beliefs about infant crying were examined in 87 couples. Parents completed measures of emotion minimization in the family of origin, depressive symptoms, empathy, trait anger, and coping styles prenatally. At 6 months postpartum, parents completed a self-report measure of their beliefs about infant crying. Mothers…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ozge Ozalp Yuregir
Full Text Available Prenatal diagnosis is the process of determining the health or disease status of the fetus or embryo before birth. The purpose is early detection of diseases and early intervention when required. Prenatal genetic tests comprise of cytogenetic (chromosome assessment and molecular (DNA mutation analysis tests. Prenatal testing enables the early diagnosis of many diseases in risky pregnancies. Furthermore, in the event of a disease, diagnosing prenatally will facilitate the planning of necessary precautions and treatments, both before and after birth. Upon prenatal diagnosis of some diseases, termination of the pregnancy could be possible according to the family's wishes and within the legal frameworks. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2012; 21(1.000: 80-94
Bay Area Fatherhood Initiatives: Policymaker and Practitioner Perspectives on Intergrating Fathering Efforts. A Report from the Bay Area Fathering Integrated Data System (BAyFIDS) II Project.
Gadsden, Vivian L.; Rethemeyer, R. Karl
The past 10 years have been a period of enormous growth in efforts around father involvement, with local government systems attempting to meet the needs of the diverse father population. The Bay Area Fathering Indicators Data System (BAYFIDS) Project is designed to track and analyze the operation and impact of fathering programs and describe the…
Levant, Ronald F.; And Others
Evidence exists that fathers have a potent influence on the sex-role adoption of their sons and daughters and that fathers tend to reinforce sex-role stereotypes of masculinity in their sons and femininity in their daughters. Crucial events appear to take place at the start of the second year of life. At this time, fathers begin to treat their…
Father attendance in nurse home visitation.
Holmberg, John R; Olds, David L
Our aim was to examine the rates and predictors of father attendance at nurse home visits in replication sites of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP). Early childhood programs can facilitate father involvement in the lives of their children, but program improvements require an understanding of factors that predict father involvement. The sample consisted of 29,109 low-income, first-time mothers who received services from 694 nurses from 80 sites. We conducted mixed-model multiple regression analyses to identify population, implementation, site, and nurse influences on father attendance. Predictors of father attendance included a count of maternal visits (B = 0.12, SE = 0.01, F = 3101.77), frequent contact between parents (B = 0.61, SE = 0.02, F = 708.02), cohabitation (B = 1.41, SE = 0.07, F = 631.51), White maternal race (B = 0.77, SE = 0.06, F = 190.12), and marriage (B = 0.42, SE = 0.08, F = 30.08). Random effects for sites and nurses predicted father-visit participation (2.7 & 6.7% of the variance, respectively), even after controlling for population sociodemographic characteristics. These findings suggest that factors operating at the levels of sites and nurses influence father attendance at home visits, even after controlling for differences in populations served. Further inquiry about these influences on father visit attendance is likely to inform program-improvement efforts. PMID:25521707
... disease (STD) or cervical cancer In a developing child, prenatal tests can identify: treatable health problems that can affect the baby's health characteristics of the baby, including size, sex, age, and placement in the uterus ...
Sex-of-Child Differences in Father-Child Interaction at One Year of Age.
Snow, Margaret Ellis; And Others
Differences were found between father/son and father/daughter dyads in such behaviors as father prohibitions, child mischievousness, mutual proximity, toy exchange, and child toy play. A total of 107 father/child dyads involving year-old children were observed. (Author/RH)
O envolvimento do pai na gravidez/parto e a ligaçăo emocional com o bebé / Father's involvement in pregnancy/childbirth and the emotional bond with the baby / La participación del padre en el embarazo/parto y el vínculo emocional con el bebé
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Joăo Rui Duarte Farias, Nogueira; Manuela, Ferreira.
Full Text Available SciELO Portugal | Language: Portuguese Abstract in portuguese Enquadramento: a ligaçăo emocional entre pai e filho é determinante na transiçăo para a paternidade e no desenvolvimento do bebé. Objetivos: pretendemos verificar se existe relaçăo entre as variáveis sóciodemográficas, o envolvimento na gravidez ou o corte do cordăo umbilical com a ligaçăo emocional [...] do pai com o bebé. Metodologia: efetuámos um estudo transversal, quantitativo de caráter descritivo analítico. Aplicámos um questionário e a escala bonding validada para a populaçăo Portuguesa (Figueiredo et al., 2005), em tręs momentos diferentes (durante o trabalho de parto, no 1ş e no 3ş dia após o parto) a 222 pais, entre novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Resultados: verificámos que a idade (entre 25 e 40 anos), o acompanhamento da grávida ŕs consultas de vigilância da gravidez, o acompanhamento da grávida nos preparativos para o nascimento do bebé, a leitura de informaçăo sobre o bebé em desenvolvimento, o envolvimento na gravidez e o corte do cordăo umbilical influenciam positivamente a ligaçăo emocional do pai com o bebé. Conclusăo: os resultados apontam para uma melhoria na ligaçăo afetiva entre o pai e o bebé se os profissionais de saúde promoverem o envolvimento do pai na gravidez e no parto. Abstract in spanish Marco: el vínculo emocional entre padre e hijo es crucial en la transición hacia la paternidad y el desarrollo del bebé.Objetivos: pretendemos verificar si existe una relación entre las variables sociodemográficas, la participación en el embarazo o el corte del cordón umbilical y el vínculo emociona [...] l entre el padre y el bebé. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, de corte descriptivo-analítico. Se aplicó un cuestionario y la escala de Bonding validado para la población portuguesa (Figueiredo et al., 2005), en tres momentos diferentes (durante el parto, durante el primer y el tercer día después del parto) a 222 padres, entre noviembre 2010 y enero de 2011. Resultados: se comprobó que la edad (entre 25 y 40 ańos), el acompańamiento con la mujer embarazada alas citas para la vigilancia del embarazo, el acompańamiento de la mujer embarazada en los preparativos para el nacimiento del bebé, la lectura de información sobre el desarrollo del bebé, la participación en el embarazo y el corte del cordón umbilical influyen positivamente en el vínculo emocional entre el padre y el bebé. Conclusión: los resultados indican una mejora en el vínculo emocional entre el padre y el bebé siempre y cuando los profesionales de la salud promuevan la participación del padre durante el embarazo y el parto. Abstract in english Background: the emotional bond between father and child is crucial in the transition to parenthood and the baby's development. Objectives: our intention was to verify if there is a relationship between sociodemographic variables, involvement in the pregnancy or cutting the umbilical cord with the em [...] otional bond between father and baby. Methodology: we performed a cross-sectional, quantitative study descriptive and analytical in nature. We administered a questionnaire and the Bonding scale validated for the Portuguese population (Figueiredo et al., 2005), at three different times (during labour, on the 1st and 3rd days after birth) to 222 parents between November 2010 and January 2011. Results: We found that age (between 25 and 40 years), accompanying the pregnant woman to appointments for pregnancy surveillance, monitoring of the pregnancy in preparation for the birth of the baby, reading information about the developing baby involvement in the pregnancy and cutting the umbilical cord positively influence the emotional bond between father and baby. Conclusion: the results indicate an improvement in the emotional bond between father and baby if health professionals promote fathers' involvement during pregnancyand childbirth.
Envolvimento paterno da gestaçăo ao primeiro ano de vida do bebę / Father involvement from pregnancy to the infant´s first year of life / Participación paterna desde el embarazo hasta el primer ańo de vida del bebé
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luciana, Castoldi; Tonantzin Ribeiro, Gonçalves; Rita de Cássia Sobreira, Lopes.
Full Text Available Este estudo longitudinal analisou o envolvimento paterno por meio de um estudo de casos coletivos com seis casais primíparos entrevistados na gestaçăo, aos tręs e 12 meses do bebę. A análise qualitativa dos dados se baseou no conceito de envolvimento paterno e no enfoque psicodinâmico, revelando ser [...] em os modelos familiares de parentalidade aspectos muito influentes no envolvimento dos pais. Por outro lado, a ausęncia de uma matriz de apoio e as percepçőes das măes sobre o desempenho do marido como pai năo pareceram influenciar diretamente o nível de envolvimento com o bebę. Percebeu-se que os pais continuavam seguindo modelos tradicionais de paternidade quanto ŕ acessibilidade e ŕ responsabilidade, centrando-se no papel de provedor financeiro. O engajamento dos pais foi maior em atividades lúdicas do que nos cuidados do filho, pois para cuidados parecia lhes faltarem modelos efetivos. Săo discutidas as influęncias intergeracionais e do discurso sobre o "novo pai" na prática da paternidade. Abstract in spanish Este estudio longitudinal analizó la participación paterna por medio de un estudio de casos colectivos con seis parejas primíparas entrevistadas en la gestación, a los tres y a los 12 meses de vida del bebé. El análisis cualitativo de los datos se basó en el concepto de participación paterna y en el [...] enfoque psicodinámico, revelando los modelos familiares de parentalidad como aspectos muy influyentes en la participación de los padres. Por otro lado, la ausencia de una matriz de apoyo, así como las percepciones de las madres sobre el desempeńo del esposo como padre, no parecieron influir directamente en el nivel de participación con el bebé. Se observó que los padres aún estaban siguiendo los modelos tradicionales de la paternidad en cuanto a la accesibilidad y responsabilidad, centrándose en el papel de proveedor financiero. El compromiso de los padres fue mayor en las actividades lúdicas que en los cuidados al hijo, por los que parecía carecer de modelos efectivos. Se discuten las influencias intergeneracionales y del discurso sobre el "nuevo padre" en la práctica de la paternidad. Abstract in english This longitudinal study examined the parental involvement through a collective case study with six primiparous couples interviewed in the last trimester of pregnancy, at three and 12 months of baby's life. A qualitative analysis of the data, based on father involvement as well as in psychodynamic ap [...] proach, revealed the familiar models of parenting had important influences in the father involvement. On the other hand, the absence of a support matrix, as well as the perceptions of mothers on the performance of their husbands as fathers, did not seem to directly influence the level of father involvement with the baby. It seems that the parents were still following traditional models of fatherhood in relation to accessibility and accountability, focusing on their role as financial provider. The involvement of parents was higher in recreational activities than in child care for which it seemed lacking effective models. We discuss intergenerational and discourse influences on the "new father" in the practice of fatherhood.
Acceptability of prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy in Pakistan
Jafri, H.; Hewison, J.; Sheridan, E.; Ahmed, S.
This study aimed to assess acceptability of prenatal testing (PNT) and termination of pregnancy (TOP) for a range of conditions in Pakistani parents with and without a child with a genetic condition. A structured questionnaire assessing acceptability of PNT and TOP for 30 conditions was completed by 400 Pakistani participants: 200 parents with a child with a genetic condition (100 fathers and 100 mothers) and 200 parents without an affected child (100 fathers and 100 mothers). There was a hig...
Prenatal Virilization Associated with Paternal Testosterone Gel Therapy
Anisha Patel; Rivkees, Scott A.
Transdermal testosterone gels are used in the treatment of hypoandrogenism of males. Virilization due to exposure to testosterone gels has been reported in children resulting in a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning about secondary exposure to these products. At present, we are unaware of prenatal virilization associated with unintentional testosterone gel exposure. We report prenatal virilization in a female infant due to secondary maternal exposure to the father's testosterone ge...
The inclusion of fathers in family therapy: A research based perspective
Carr, Alan
This paper summarizes the results of research on the role of fathers in families and family therapy with particular reference to preparation for fatherhood, father involvement in family life as a protective factor, fathers' deviant behaviour as a risk factor, fathers' communication and coping styles, fatherhood and different types of marriages, and the effects of the workplace on fathers' behaviour within the family. Available research suggests that, with respect to problem formation, the beh...
Fatores associados ao envolvimento do pai nos cuidados do lactente Factores asociados al envolvimiento del papá en los cuidados del lactante Factors associated with father involvement in infant care
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olga G Falceto
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados ŕ falta de envolvimento ativo do pai nos cuidados de crianças aos quatro meses. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo famílias de 153 crianças aos quatro meses de vida, entrevistadas em suas casas por dois terapeutas de famílias. Além do envolvimento do pai nos cuidados do lactente foram examinadas características sociodemográficas, saúde mental dos pais (utilizando a escala Self Report Questionnaire-20 e avaliaçăo com os critérios do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV e qualidade do relacionamento conjugal (usando a escala Global Assessment of Relational Functioning do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Utilizou-se regressăo de Poisson para avaliar a associaçăo entre falta de envolvimento do pai nos cuidados do filho e variáveis selecionadas. A magnitude das associaçőes foi estimada pela razăo de prevalęncias. RESULTADOS: Os pais de 13% dos lactentes năo tinham qualquer contato com seus filhos. Entre as famílias em que os pais coabitavam (78% do total, 33% dos pais relataram năo participar ativamente nos cuidados de seus filhos. Relaçăo conjugal problemática e măe ser "do lar" mostraram-se associadas ŕ falta de envolvimento dos pais nos cuidados do filho. CONCLUSŐES: É alta a prevalęncia de famílias nas quais o pai năo tem envolvimento ativo no cuidado de seu filho, ocorrendo em especial quando a relaçăo conjugal é problemática e a măe năo tem trabalho remuneradoOBJETIVO: Identificar factores asociados a la falta del envolvimiento activo del papá en los cuidados de nińos a los cuatro meses. MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio transversal involucrando familias de 153 nińos de cuatro meses de edad, y se entrevistaron en sus casas por dos terapeutas de familias en Porto Alegre (Sureste de Brasil, 1998-2000. Además de involucrar al padre en los cuidados del lactante se examinaron características sociodemográficas, salud mental de los papás (utilizando la escala Self Report Questionnaire-20 y evaluación con los criterios del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV y calidad de la relación de pareja (usando la escala GlobalAssesment of Relational Functioning del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre falta de envolvimiento del papá en los cuidados del hijo y variables seleccionadas. La magnitud de las asociaciones fue estimada por la razón de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: Los papás de 13% de los lactantes no tenían contacto alguno con sus hijos. Entre las familias en que los papás cohabitaban (78% del total, 33% de ellos expresaron no participar activamente en los cuidados de sus hijos. La relación de pareja problemática y la mamá ser "del hogar" se mostraron asociados a la falta de envolvimiento de los papás en los cuidados del hijo. CONCLUSIONES: Es alta la prevalencia de familias en las cuales el papá no se involucra de manera activa en el cuidado de su hijo, ocurriendo en especial cuando la relación de pareja es problemática y la mamá no tiene trabajo remunerado.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the lack of active father involvement in infant care at four months of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving families of 153 infants at four months of age, interviewed in their homes by two family therapists. In addition to father involvement in infant care, sociodemographic, parental mental health (using the Self Report Questionnaire-20 scale and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria assessment and quality of couple relationship characteristics (using the Assessment of Relational Functioning from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV were analyzed. Poisson regression was employed to assess the association between lack of father involvement in child care and the variables selected. Prevalence ratio was used to estimate the magnitude of associations. RESULTS: Fathers of 13% of infants had no contact with
Comparisons of Levels and Predictors of Mothers' and Fathers' Engagement with Their Preschool-Aged Children
Schoppe-Sullivan, Sarah J.; Kotila, Letitia E.; Jia, Rongfang; Lang, Sarah N.; Bower, Daniel J.
Self-report data from 112 two-parent families were used to compare levels and predictors of four types of mothers' and fathers' engagement with their preschool-aged children: socialisation, didactic, caregiving, and physical play. Mothers were more involved than fathers in socialisation, didactic, and caregiving, whereas fathers were more involved…
Together Forever? Romantic Relationship Characteristics and Prenatal Health Behaviors
Kimbro, Rachel Tolbert
Using Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Data (N = 4,871), this paper examines why relationship status matters for prenatal health behaviors. The paper argues that a mother's potential investments in her child's health are conditioned by socioeconomic and interpersonal resources, including the quality of her relationship with the child's father.…
Comparisons of levels and predictors of mothers' and fathers' engagement with their preschool aged children
Schoppe-sullivan, Sarah J.; Kotila, Letitia; Jia, Rongfang; Lang, Sarah N.; Bower, Daniel J.
Self-report data from 112 two-parent families were used to compare levels and predictors of four types of mothers' and fathers' engagement with their preschool aged children: socialization, didactic, caregiving, and physical play. Mothers were more involved than fathers in socialization, didactic, and caregiving, whereas fathers were more involved than mothers in physical play. Mothers' greatest engagement was in caregiving, whereas fathers were about equally engaged in didactic, caregi...
Father Influences on Employed Mothers' Work-Family Balance
Fagan, Jay; Press, Julie
This study employed the ecological systems perspective and gender ideology theory to examine the influence of fathers' paid work-family crossover and family involvement on self-reports of work-family balance by employed mothers with children under the age of 13 (N = 179). Multiple regression analyses revealed that fathers' crossover factors had a…
Di Nucci, Ezio
I argue that it is possible for prospective mothers to wrong prospective fathers by bearing their child; and that lifting paternal liability for child support does not correct the wrong inflicted to fathers. It is therefore sometimes wrong for prospective mothers to bear a child, or so I argue here. I show that my argument for considering the legitimate interests of prospective fathers is not a unique exception to an obvious right to procreate. It is, rather, part of a growing consensus that procreation can be morally problematic and that generally talking of rights in this context might not be warranted. Finally, I argue that giving up a right to procreate does not imply nor suggest giving up on women's absolute right to abort, which I defend. PMID:24973248
Adams, P L
Hindering and obfuscating psychiatric scholarship about the father's role, whether he is present or absent, are several widespread notions and practices--including conceptual, assumptive, attitudinal, methodologic and technical matters. Discussed are eleven barriers to research: patriarchal ideology, preference for studying individual and dyad instead of family systems, preference for considering adults not children, overly rigid definition of parental roles, choosing not longitudinal but one-time cross-sectional study, reasoning about linear cause and effect, focus on attitudes not overt behavior, failure to control for adequate number of variables, neglect of adequate sampling procedures, confusing correlation with causation and an overemphasis on obvious pathology. The father, present or absent, may be salient or insignificant in the life of a child. If salient, the father's role may promote health and growth or may be largely pathogenic. The conclusion holds that an irreducible family unit may consist of only one pair: caretaker/child. PMID:6529713
Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Parent Depressive Symptoms on Adopted Child HPA Regulation: Independent and Moderated Influences
Laurent, Heidemarie K.; Leve, Leslie D.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Natsuaki, Misaki N.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Harold, Gordon T.; Reiss, David
This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck…
The Short- and Long-Term Implications for Parent-Child Relations of Parents' Prenatal Preferences for Their Child's Gender.
Stattin, Hakan; Klackenberg-Larsson, Ingrid
Investigated conflict in parent-child relations from birth to age 25. Found less conflict in families with a child whose sex was consistent with parents' prenatal expectations, especially for father-daughter relations. Found that mothers' perceptions of children's problems and parents' play time with children were correlated to prenatal…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Slavica Loncar
Full Text Available Pregnancy is an exquisite period of life rich in physical and emotional changes. The beginning of new life is exciting not only for future parents but also for the doctor following and supervising the development and growth of a new human being up to its birth after forty weeks of pregnancy. There are many questions, fears and concerns which rise over and over again during this long but also short period of time. However, the consoling truth is that pregnancy has never been as safe as nowadays. Never before in the history of obstetrics have the babies had so many chances to be born alive and healthy. Unnecessary fears can make pregnancy an upsetting event. To prevent it, pregnant woman should be educated and advised on the possibilities of modern prenatal medicine and directed to choose the best ways of prenatal medicine to solve their dilemmas. The aim of this paper was to help pregnant woman and her doctor to find the appropriate treatment in every single case.
A minority report: teaching fathers baby massage.
Mackereth, Peter A
Infant or baby massage has emerged in the recent decade as an activity promoted by health care professionals, popular with parents and the subject of a growing body of research evidence (Complement. Ther. Nurs. Midwifery 2 (1996) 151; 3 & 8 Tough Ther. 2000). This paper reports on the experience of establishing and facilitating baby massage training. There is a focus in the discussion on teaching fathers, as only one male parent attended the classes over a 6-month period. Recommendations are made in the conclusion, identifying possible ways of promoting fathers involvement in babies massage. The paper, with its images of a father engaged in baby massage, is intended to add to the current limited amount of literature available on this subject. PMID:12852931
Bartz, Karen W.; Witcher, Wayne C.
Issues that arise when fathers get custody of their children after divorce are: conditions of custody, coping with the role of parent and homemaker, adjustments which have to be made by the children, and the effect of custody on other social relationships. (CM)
Deconstructing the Essential Father.
Silverstein, Louise B.; Auerbach, Carl F.
Research on parenting shows that the stability of the emotional connections and the predictability of the caretaking relationship are the significant variables that predict positive child adjustment. Offers social policy recommendations that support men in their fathering role without discriminating against women and same-sex couples. (SLD)
Fathers of children with disabilities: stress and life satisfaction.
Darling, Carol A; Senatore, Natalie; Strachan, John
As the role of fathers within families continues to evolve, understanding how these changes impact life satisfaction is needed. This is especially relevant for fathers who have children with disabilities; therefore, this study sought to understand the group differences between fathers of children with and without disabilities. A survey design was used that involved 85 fathers of children with disabilities and 121 fathers of children without disabilities. Analyses indicated that fathers of children with disabilities experienced greater stress in daily parenting hassles, family life events and changes, parenting stress and health stress. In comparison, fathers with children who did not have disabilities had a higher level of coping and greater satisfaction with life. A path-analysis model based on family stress theory indicated that whether or not fathers had children who were disabled was a major contributor to life satisfaction followed by parenting stress and stress from family life events and changes. These findings provide implications for future research and practice. PMID:22281940
Teen Childbearing, Single Parenthood, and Father Involvement
... 65% 89% 69% 100% 100% 100% 100% Living arrangements. Given their young age and the fact that ... neither relatives nor partners). 4 Figure 3: Living Arrangements of Teen Mothers Having a Birth in the ...
A new TATA box mutation detected at prenatal diagnosis for beta-thalassemia.
Cai, S. P.; Zhang, J. Z.; Doherty, M.; Kan, Y. W.
During the course of prenatal diagnosis for beta-thalassemia in Chinese patients, we encountered a mutation that was not detectable by oligonucleotides for the known Chinese mutations. Amplification of the beta-globin gene by the polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing revealed a previously undescribed -30 TATA box mutation which was carried by the father. Prenatal diagnosis was achieved, and the fetus did not inherit this beta-thalassemia allele.
Father enrollment and participation in a parenting intervention: personal and contextual predictors.
Wong, Jessie J; Roubinov, Danielle S; Gonzales, Nancy A; Dumka, Larry E; Millsap, Roger E
Fathers are an important, though often underrepresented, population in family interventions. Notably, the inclusion of ethnic minority fathers is particularly scarce. An understanding of factors that promote and hinder father participation may suggest strategies by which to increase fathers' presence in studies designed to engage the family unit. The current research examined Mexican origin (MO) fathers' involvement in a family-focused intervention study. Participants included 495 fathers from eligible two-parent MO families with an adolescent child. Individual, familial, and culturally relevant predictors based on father, mother, and/or child report data were collected through pretest interviews and included in two separate logistic regression analyses that predicted the following: (1) father enrollment in the study and (2) father participation in the intervention. Results indicated that higher levels of maternal education and lower levels of economic stress and interparental conflict were associated with increased father enrollment in the study. Rates of father participation in the intervention were higher among families characterized by lower levels of interparental conflict, economic stress, and Spanish language use. Results highlight the relevancy of the familial and environmental context to MO fathers' research participation decisions. These findings as well as their implications for future research and practice are discussed. PMID:24033241
Adult non-response bias from a child perspective. Using child reports to estimate father's non-response.
Bastaits, Kim; Pasteels, Inge; Ponnet, Koen; Mortelmans, Dimitri
Most parenting research on paternal involvement uses data from a father perspective. Nevertheless, research on bias in father non-response is scarce. In this study, we examine the non-response bias of fathers, hypothesizing that fathers who engage in parenting studies might already be fathers who are more involved with their children than fathers who do not engage in these studies. Furthermore, we expect a double non-response bias by socio-demographic characteristics of the father, which impacts both paternal participation as well as paternal involvement. Using the multi-actor dataset from the "Divorce in Flanders"-project, which provides data from children whose fathers actually participated (N=461) as well as data from children whose fathers did not (N=137) with children reporting on paternal involvement, we are able to test our hypotheses. Results confirm our first hypothesis, indicating that non-participating fathers are significantly more uninvolved than participating fathers. Regarding our second hypothesis, an indirect effect of father's educational level and age on non-response was revealed for one out of three indicators of paternal involvement. PMID:25432601
O envolvimento paterno e o desenvolvimento social de crianças iniciando as atividades escolares / Father involvement and the social development of children in the school-entry transition stage / La participación paterna y el desarrollo social de nińos iniciando las actividades escolares
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Fabiana, Cia; Elizabeth Joan, Barham.
Full Text Available SciELO Brazil | Language: Portuguese Abstract in portuguese Este estudo relacionou indicadores do envolvimento paterno com indicadores de desenvolvimento social dos filhos. Participaram 97 pares de pais e măes (com filhos na 1Ş ou 2Ş série) e 20 professoras. Para avaliar o envolvimento paterno, pais e măes responderam ŕ Avaliaçăo do bem-estar pessoal e famil [...] iar e do relacionamento pai-filho - Versăo Paterna, e para avaliar o desenvolvimento social das crianças, os pais, as măes e as professoras preencheram o Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. Quanto maior a freqüęncia de comunicaçăo entre pai e filho e de participaçăo do pai nos cuidados e nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho, menor o índice de hiperatividade e de problemas de comportamento e mais adequado o repertório de habilidades sociais das crianças. Os resultados indicam a provável importância do envolvimento positivo do pai para o desenvolvimento social dos filhos e os prováveis benefícios de programas para promover envolvimento paterno. Abstract in spanish En este estudio se han relacionado indicadores de la participación paterna con los de desarrollo social de los hijos y participaron 97 padres y madres (con hijos en el primero o en el segundo grado) y 20 profesoras. Para evaluar la participación paterna, padres y madres respondieron a la Evaluación [...] del bienestar personal y familiar y del reracionamiento padre-hijo - Versión Paterna y para evaluar el desarrollo social de los nińos, padres, madres y profesoras completaron el Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. Cuanto mayor es la frecuencia de comunicación entre padre e hijo, de la participación del padre en los cuidados y en las actividades escolares, culturales y de ocio del hijo, menor es el índice de hiperactividad, problemas de comportamiento y mayor es el repertorio de destrezas sociales de los nińos. Los resultados indican la probable importancia de la participación positiva del padre para el desarrollo social de los hijos. Abstract in english This study aimed to examine the relationships between indicators of parental involvement and their children's social and included 97 father-mother pairs (parents of children in the first or second grade), and 20 teachers. To evaluate father involvement, fathers and mothers completed an Evaluation of [...] personal and family wellbeing and the parent-child relationship - Fathering Version, and to evaluate the children's social development, the mothers, fathers and teachers completed the Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. The results indicate that more frequent: communication between father and child, paternal participation in child caregiving and in the child's school, cultural and leisure activities are each associated with indicators of lower hyperactivity, fewer behavior problems and a wider repertoire of appropriate social skills. These results point to the importance of the constructive involvement of fathers for their children's social development and the likely benefits of programs to promote father involvement.
O envolvimento paterno e o desenvolvimento social de crianças iniciando as atividades escolares La participación paterna y el desarrollo social de nińos iniciando las actividades escolares Father involvement and the social development of children in the school-entry transition stage
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fabiana Cia
Full Text Available Este estudo relacionou indicadores do envolvimento paterno com indicadores de desenvolvimento social dos filhos. Participaram 97 pares de pais e măes (com filhos na 1Ş ou 2Ş série e 20 professoras. Para avaliar o envolvimento paterno, pais e măes responderam ŕ Avaliaçăo do bem-estar pessoal e familiar e do relacionamento pai-filho - Versăo Paterna, e para avaliar o desenvolvimento social das crianças, os pais, as măes e as professoras preencheram o Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. Quanto maior a freqüęncia de comunicaçăo entre pai e filho e de participaçăo do pai nos cuidados e nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho, menor o índice de hiperatividade e de problemas de comportamento e mais adequado o repertório de habilidades sociais das crianças. Os resultados indicam a provável importância do envolvimento positivo do pai para o desenvolvimento social dos filhos e os prováveis benefícios de programas para promover envolvimento paterno.En este estudio se han relacionado indicadores de la participación paterna con los de desarrollo social de los hijos y participaron 97 padres y madres (con hijos en el primero o en el segundo grado y 20 profesoras. Para evaluar la participación paterna, padres y madres respondieron a la Evaluación del bienestar personal y familiar y del reracionamiento padre-hijo - Versión Paterna y para evaluar el desarrollo social de los nińos, padres, madres y profesoras completaron el Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. Cuanto mayor es la frecuencia de comunicación entre padre e hijo, de la participación del padre en los cuidados y en las actividades escolares, culturales y de ocio del hijo, menor es el índice de hiperactividad, problemas de comportamiento y mayor es el repertorio de destrezas sociales de los nińos. Los resultados indican la probable importancia de la participación positiva del padre para el desarrollo social de los hijos.This study aimed to examine the relationships between indicators of parental involvement and their children's social and included 97 father-mother pairs (parents of children in the first or second grade, and 20 teachers. To evaluate father involvement, fathers and mothers completed an Evaluation of personal and family wellbeing and the parent-child relationship - Fathering Version, and to evaluate the children's social development, the mothers, fathers and teachers completed the Social Skills Rating System-SSRS. The results indicate that more frequent: communication between father and child, paternal participation in child caregiving and in the child's school, cultural and leisure activities are each associated with indicators of lower hyperactivity, fewer behavior problems and a wider repertoire of appropriate social skills. These results point to the importance of the constructive involvement of fathers for their children's social development and the likely benefits of programs to promote father involvement.
Booth, Alan; Scott, Mindy E.; King, Valarie
This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine combinations of father residence and closeness which have received minimal examination but involve significant numbers of children. Our findings lead to a number of conclusions. First, adolescents who are close to their nonresident fathers report higher self-esteem, less delinquency, and fewer depressive symptoms than adolescents who live with a father with whom they are not close. Second, adolescents li...
"Father Christmas" by The Kinks
Linda S. Ghent
"Father Christmas" by The Kinks is used in conjunction with Joel Waldfogel's article "The Deadweight Loss of Christmas" to examine the relative value of cash versus inkind gifts. This can then be extended to an analysis of various public policies.
Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Parent Depressive Symptoms on Adopted Child HPA Regulation: Independent and Moderated Influences
Laurent, Heidemarie K.; Leve, Leslie D.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Natsuaki, Misaki N.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Harold, Gordon T.; Reiss, David
This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 192 families as part of the Early Growth and Development adoption Study. Child morning/evening cortisol levels a...
The role of the father in child sleep disturbance: child, parent, and parent-child relationship.
Millikovsky-Ayalon, Maaian; Atzaba-Poria, Naama; Meiri, Gal
The majority of studies on child sleep problems focus primarily on mothers, neglecting paternal influences. Guided by the transactional framework, we explored how child temperament, paternal and maternal stress, and the parent-child interactions differ between families having children with sleep disturbances and a selected comparison group. The role of paternal involvement in child caregiving as a moderator of these differences was assessed. The sample consisted of 51 children (1-3 years old) and their mothers and fathers. Data were collected during home visits, when mothers and fathers completed questionnaires and were interviewed. In addition, mother-child and father-child interactions were videotaped. Results indicate that compared to the comparison group, fathers rated children with sleep disturbances as fussier, both their mothers and fathers experienced higher levels of stress, and reported using more bedtime interactions that interfere with child's sleep-wake self-regulation. In addition, their fathers were less sensitive during father-child interaction and less involved in child caregiving. Finally, paternal involvement moderated the group differences seen in maternal stress, suggesting that high paternal involvement acted as a buffer to protect parents of children with sleep disturbances from experiencing parental stress. The important role of fathers in families having children with sleep disturbances is discussed. PMID:25501300
Talking to Daddy's Little Girl about Sex: Daughters' Reports of Sexual Communication and Support from Fathers
Hutchinson, M. Katherine; Cederbaum, Julie A.
Although mothers are widely acknowledged as the primary in-home sexual educators of children, fathers also play an important role in sexual socialization. Paternal involvement is linked to positive social and psychological outcomes; an increased father-daughter communication can delay sexual debut and decrease frequency of engagement in…
Fathers' behaviors and children's psychopathology.
Flouri, Eirini
The psychological literature on how fathers' behaviors may be related to children's psychopathology has grown substantially in the last three decades. This growth is the result of research asking the following three overarching questions: (1) what is the association between family structure, and particularly biological fathers' non-residence, and children's psychopathology, (2) what is the association between fathers' parenting and children's psychopathology, and (3) what is the association between fathers' psychopathology and children's psychopathology. The three broad theoretical perspectives relevant to this literature are the standard family environment model, the passive genetic model, and the child effects model. The evidence from studies comparing the first two models seems to suggest that the origin of the association between parental divorce and children's emotional and behavioral problems is largely shared environmental in origin, as is the association between resident fathers' parenting and children's emotional and behavioral problems, according to studies comparing the standard family environment model with the child effects model. However, research needs to compare appropriately all theoretical perspectives. The paper discusses this, and also points to the importance of considering theory-driven specificity in modeling effects. PMID:20149945
Social networks and the communication of norms about prenatal care in rural Mexico.
Lapinski, Maria Knight; Anderson, Jenn; Cruz, Shannon; Lapine, Peter
Many normative beliefs are shared and learned through interpersonal communication, yet research on norms typically focuses on their effects rather than the communication that shapes them. This study focused on interpersonal communication during pregnancy to uncover (a) the nature of pregnancy-related communication and (b) normative information transmitted through such communication. Results from interviews with pregnant women living in rural Mexico revealed limited social networks; often, only a woman's mother or the baby's father were consulted about prenatal care decisions. However, women also indicated that communication with others during pregnancy provided important normative information regarding prenatal care. First, most referents believed that women should receive prenatal care (injunctive norm), which was conceptualized by participants as biomedical, nonmedical, or a blend of both. Second, family members often received prenatal care, whereas friends did not (descriptive norms). These findings highlight the key role of personal and social networks in shaping personal pregnancy-related beliefs and behaviors. PMID:25116348
Hoping for a Phoenix: Shanghai Fathers and Their Daughters
Xu, Qiong; Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean
Intergenerational relationships and gender roles in China are in transition because of ideational and structural changes resulting from social movements and policies in the past half a century. Using a mixed-methods design, we examine Shanghai fathers' involvement in their adolescent daughters' lives. In contrast to traditional…
Distant Fathers: Disjointed World of George Eliot
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Tahira Jabeen
Full Text Available The article discusses distant fathers in the novels of George Eliot within the context of the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth-century Britain, the father's role is best defined by Nelson, "authority, guidance and financial support". (Natalie 2011, p.155 The article is devoted to explore the distant or absent fathers, which means no guidance, protection, and financial support to the children. The absence might be the consequences of many aspects relating to fathers. The father could be absent either physically or emotionally. The article argues that Eliot seeks and yearns for a perfect fatherhood by showing some shortcomings of the father and its effects on the lives of their children.Keywords: George Eliot, distant fathers, nineteenth century
Latent profiles of nonresidential father engagement six years after divorce predict long-term offspring outcomes.
Modecki, Kathryn Lynn; Hagan, Melissa J; Sandler, Irwin; Wolchik, Sharlene A
This study examined profiles of nonresidential father engagement (i.e., support to the adolescent, contact frequency, remarriage, relocation, and interparental conflict) with their adolescent children (N = 156) 6 to 8 years following divorce and the prospective relation between these profiles and the psychosocial functioning of their offspring, 9 years later. Parental divorce occurred during late childhood to early adolescence; indicators of nonresidential father engagement were assessed during adolescence, and mental health problems and academic achievement of offspring were assessed 9 years later in young adulthood. Three profiles of father engagement were identified in our sample of mainly White, non-Hispanic divorced fathers: Moderate Involvement/Low Conflict, Low Involvement/Moderate Conflict, and High Involvement/High Conflict. Profiles differentially predicted offspring outcomes 9 years later when they were young adults, controlling for quality of the mother-adolescent relationship, mother's remarriage, mother's income, and gender, age, and offspring mental health problems in adolescence. Offspring of fathers characterized as Moderate Involvement/Low Conflict had the highest academic achievement and the lowest number of externalizing problems 9 years later compared to offspring whose fathers had profiles indicating either the highest or lowest levels of involvement but higher levels of conflict. Results indicate that greater paternal psychosocial support and more frequent father-adolescent contact do not outweigh the negative impact of interparental conflict on youth outcomes in the long term. Implications of findings for policy and intervention are discussed. PMID:24484456
Father-Child Transmission of Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Father's Presence in the Home
Blazei, Ryan W.; Iacono, William G.; McGue, Matt
The effect of father's presence in the home on the child's antisocial behavior is studied to determine whether the father's presence may moderate the relationship between father and child antisociality. Results suggest that the presence of the father appears to provide some environmental influence that leads to increased child antisocial behavior.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In what proved to be his last paper, Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg gives some autobiographical information about his family tree, relatives, ancestors, and descendents and where the name Ginzburg comes from. A major part of V L Ginzburg's memoir is about his father - making up for what he considered to be a 'somewhat neglected' filial duty. (from the history of physics)
The expectations of fathers concerning care provided by midwives to the mothers during labour
Nolte, Anna G. W.; Sengane, Malmsey L. M.
Midwives have been criticised for neglecting the expectations and needs of fathers. They either ignore the fathers or pressure them into becoming more involved than they would choose, if allowed to provide support to the mothers during labour. Whilst midwives are providing woman-centred care, it is important that they remember to involve the fathers in decision-making and to acknowledge their role, expectations and needs, because the birth of a child is one of the most important events in a p...
Surrogacy commissioning fathers and HIV
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
D W, Jordaan.
Full Text Available Surrogacy is not regulated by a single legal instrument only, nor is confirmation of a surrogacy agreement by the High Court an unqualified green light for the surrogacy process to proceed. In the context of the HIV status of the commissioning father, whose gametes are to be used for the conception [...] of the child in pursuance of a surrogacy agreement, the intended in vitro fertilisation of the surrogate mother may only take place on condition that the commissioning father, and his semen, have been tested for HIV; that he has consented to his HIV status being made available to the surrogate mother, and if he is HIV-positive, that sperm washing will be used to minimise the risk of infection and that the surrogate mother has been informed of his HIV status, and given her informed consent.
Risk factors for inadequate prenatal care use in the metropolitan area of Aracaju, Northeast Brazil
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de Souza Luiz
Full Text Available Abstract Background The aim of prenatal care is to promote good maternal and foetal health and to identify risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in an attempt to promptly manage and solve them. Although high prenatal care attendance is reported in most areas in Brazil, perinatal and neonatal mortalities are disproportionally high, raising doubts about the quality and performance of the care provided. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the adequacy of prenatal care use and the risk factors involved in inadequate prenatal care utilization in the metropolitan area of Aracaju, Northeast Brazil. Methods A survey was carried out with puerperal women who delivered singleton liveborns in all four maternity hospitals of Aracaju. A total of 4552 singleton liveborns were studied. The Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index, modified according to the guidelines of the Prenatal Care and Birth Humanization Programme, was applied. Socioeconomic, demographic, biological, life style and health service factors were evaluated by multiple logistic regression. Results: Prenatal care coverage in Aracaju was high (98.3%, with a mean number of 6.24 visits. Prenatal care was considered to be adequate or intensive in 66.1% of cases, while 33.9% were considered to have inadequate usage. Age Conclusion Prenatal care coverage was high. However, a significant number of women still had inadequate prenatal care use. Socioeconomic inequalities, demographic factors and behavioural risk factors are still important factors associated with inadequate prenatal care use.
Congenital epulis: prenatal imaging with MRI and ultrasound
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Roy, Sylvain; Patenaude, Yves G. [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, CHUS-Hopital Fleurimont, 3001 12 Ave Nord, J1H 5N4, Fleurimont, Quebec (Canada); Sinsky, Anna [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, UNC School of Medicine, 3322 Old Infirmary Building, NC 27599-7510, Chapel Hill (United States); Williams, Bruce [Department of Surgery, Montreal Children' s Hospital, Room C1139, 2300 Tupper Street, H3H 1P3, Montreal, Quebec (Canada); Desilets, Valerie [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)
Congenital epulis is an uncommon benign tumor that originates from the alveolar ridge in newborns. It is also known as congenital gingival granular cell tumor. Although there have been around 200 reports of its postnatal diagnosis, this oral tumor has rarely been diagnosed prenatally. We present fetal MRI and Doppler prenatal imaging of an infant with two congenital epulides (simultaneous involvement of superior and inferior maxillas). (orig.)
Unpacking links between fathers' antisocial behaviors and children's behavior problems: direct, indirect, and interactive effects.
Coley, Rebekah Levine; Carrano, Jennifer; Lewin-Bizan, Selva
Building upon previous evidence for the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behaviors, this research assessed and compared three models seeking to explain links between fathers' antisocial behaviors and children's behavior problems. A representative sample of children from low-income families (N=261) was followed from age 3 through age 9. Lagged OLS regression models assessed both short-term (1˝? years) and longer-term (5˝? years) prospective links between fathers' antisocial behaviors and children's behavior problems. Results supported a direct effects model: fathers' antisocial behaviors predicted growth in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, with links stronger among resident-father families. Limited evidence of indirect effects emerged, with links between fathers' antisocial behaviors and children's behavior problems only slightly attenuated controlling for related risk factors and for parenting quality, showing limited evidence of mediation. A new interactive model was proposed and supported, with high levels of harsh discipline exacerbating negative links between fathers' antisocial behaviors and children's internalizing problems. Results suggest caution in policies and programs which seek to universally increase marriage or father involvement without attention to fathers' behaviors. PMID:21360188
Fathers on Parental Leave in Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Reinicke, Kenneth; Cybulski, Franz Wilhelm
In the article it is argued that contemporary fatherhood and masculinity differ increasingly from hegemonic masculinity according to which men are primarily responsible for ensuring the financial basis of the family. The article "Fathers on Parental Leave in Denmark", based on interviews with 15 Danish men and 8 employers, shows that many men's ideas about fatherhood and family responsibility tend to revolve around such aspects as close contact and involvement with children. However, it seems that men do not acknowledge fully the significance of gender for their decisions concerning the child, parental leave and domestic affairs. The article also demonstrates that the issue of parental leave may cause a conflict of interest between an employer and en employee although the majority of employers in this study emphasize that parental leave is unproblematic for them.
Fathers Online: Learning About Fatherhood Through the Internet
Stgeorge, Jennifer M.; Fletcher, Richard J.
In the transition to fatherhood, men face numerous challenges. Opportunities to learn new practices and gain support are limited, although the provisions of father-specific spaces such as fathers' antenatal classes or "responsible fathering" programs are important advances. This article explores how men use the social space of a father-specific Internet chat room to learn about fathering. Messages to an Australian-hosted, father-specific chat room (for fathers of infants or young childr...
Prenatal substance abuse: short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus.
Behnke, Marylou; Smith, Vincent C
Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician's role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine. PMID:23439891
Different options for prenatal testing for Huntington's disease using DNA probes.
Fahy, M.; Robbins, C.; Bloch, M.; Turnell, R. W.; Hayden, M. R.
The discovery of DNA markers closely linked to the gene for Huntington's disease (HD) has allowed development of predictive and prenatal testing programmes for HD. This report describes four different approaches to prenatal testing for HD which have arisen during a pilot predictive and prenatal testing program in British Columbia, Canada. In the first approach (exclusion testing), the at risk parent cannot or prefers not to learn of his/her HD status. Two other approaches involve definitive t...
Fathers and HIV: considerations for families.
Sherr Lorraine
Abstract Background Fathers are intricately bound up in all aspects of family life. This review examines fathers in the presence of HIV: from desire for a child, through conception issues, to a summary of the knowledge base on fathers within families affected by HIV. Methods A mixed-methods approach is used, given the scarcity of literature. A review is provided on paternal and male factors in relation to the desire for a child, HIV testing in pregnancy, fatherhood and conception, fatherhood ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Child abuse and neglect is an important public health problem that recurs unless it is recognized early and protection measures are implemented timely. Multidisciplinary collaboration of related professionals is of paramount importance in assessing and managing cases of child abuse and neglect. The father of the twins presented in this paper, who was employed in odd jobs as the sole bread-winner of his family of five and abused his wife also physically abused his twin children under one year of age. Although the physicians reported these children to law enforcement, the family concealed the abuse and neither the physicians nor the law enforcement reported this family to child protective services. As a consequence, a picture of recurrence of abuse with a cumulative negative medico-social outcome was observed. Since the mother declined to testify on the father abusing his children during the court proceedings, the father returned to the family after a brief incarceration. Child protective measures were established only after the forensic medicine physician interfered with the proceedings on a voluntary basis. This presentation aimed at reviewing the risk factors related to abuse and associated findings and assessment steps of abuse. In addition, these cases confirmed that every child abuse case that is missed by physicians and mismanaged legally or from child protection perspective has the potential to lead to severe, chronic abuse. Therefore, it is important that the family, law, medicine, and social services should collaborate in diagnosis and management of these cases. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 346-50
Eugenesia y diagnóstico prenatal Eugenics and prenatal diagnosis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rosa María González Salvat
Full Text Available El uso del diagnóstico prenatal en la práctica de la genética médica ha hecho que se recuerden teorías eugenésicas. Se realizó una revisión histórica de este término y se relacionó con el uso del diagnóstico prenatal (DPN y el aborto selectivo a la luz de los conocimientos bioéticos actuales.The use of the prenatal diagnosis in the practice of medical genetics has led us to remember eugenic theories. A historical review of this term was made and it was connected with the use of prenatal diagnosis (PND and selective abortion in the light of the present bioethical knowledge.
The effects of psychological variables of father's role on parenting participation
Roh, Youn-soo; Yang, Sonam
The purpose of this study is to examine how father's psychological variable of role awareness affects parenting participation. Data were collected by the survey in fathers of 363 children in public kindergartens and national/public and private nurseries and analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that fathers perceiving their role of educating (for cognitive development, social skills, and physical health) and of meeting the needs (needs for health protection, and...
This is a task from the Illustrative Mathematics website that is one part of a complete illustration of the standard to which it is aligned. Each task has at least one solution and some commentary that addresses important asects of the task and its potential use. Here are the first few lines of the commentary for this task: Let $F$ assign to each student in your math class his/her biological father. Explain why $F$ is a function. Describe conditions on the class that would...
Do Coparenting and Social Support Have a Greater Effect on Adolescent Fathers than Adult Fathers?
Fagan, Jay; Lee, Yookyong
This study examined whether coparenting support and social support had a stronger effect on father engagement with 3-year-olds among adolescent fathers compared with adult fathers. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 1,540), we found that coparenting support and paternal social support had a significantly stronger…
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The multiauthor text is written as a ''guide to rationalize and clarify certain aspects of diagnosis, general counseling and intervention'' for ''health professionals who provide care to pregnant women.'' The text is not aimed at the ultrasonographer but rather at the physicians who are clinically responsible for patient management. Chapters of relevance to radiologists include an overview of prenatal screening and counseling, diagnosis of neural tube defects, ultrasonographic (US) scanning of fetal disorders in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, US scanning in the third trimester, multiple gestation and selective termination, fetal echo and Doppler studies, and fetal therapy. Also included are overviews of virtually all currently utilized prenatal diagnostic techniques including amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, fetoscopy, recombinant DNA detection of hemoglobinopathies, chorionic villus sampling, embryoscopy, legal issues, and diagnosis of Mendelian disorders by DNA analysis
Longitudinal Effects of Divorce on the Quality of the Father-Child Relationship and on Fathers' Psychological Well-Being.
Shapiro, Adam; Lambert, James David
States that the effect of divorce on the quality of the father-child relationship and fathers' psychological well being is moderated by the residence of children. Divorce is associated with lower relationship quality only for nonresident fathers and is associated with a decline in happiness for nonresident fathers. Divorced fathers are more…
Congenital dacryocystocele: prenatal MRI findings
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Congenital dacryocystocele can be diagnosed prenatally by imaging. Prenatal MRI is increasingly utilized for fetal diagnosis. To present the radiological and clinical features of seven fetuses with congenital dacryocystocele diagnosed with prenatal MRI. The institutional database of 1,028 consecutive prenatal MR examinations performed during a period of 4 years was reviewed retrospectively. The cases of congenital dacryocystocele were identified by reading the report of each MRI study. The incidence of dacryocystocele diagnosed with prenatal MRI was 0.7% (n=7/1,028). The dacryocystocele was bilateral in three fetuses. Mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 31 weeks. The indication for prenatal MRI was the presence or the suspicion of central nervous system abnormality in six fetuses and diaphragmatic hernia in one. Dacryocystocele was associated with an intranasal cyst in six of ten eyes. Prenatal sonography revealed dacryocystocele in only two of seven fetuses. Of eight eyes with postnatal follow-up, four did not have any lacrimal symptoms. Prenatal MRI can delineate congenital dacryocystocele more clearly and in a more detailed fashion than ultrasonography. Presence of dacryocystocele was symptomatic in only 50% of our patients, supporting that prenatal diagnosis of dacryocystocele might follow a benign course. (orig.)
Dilemas bioéticos del diagnóstico prenatal / Bioethical dilemmas of prenatal diagnosis
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Lázaro, López Bańos; Zonia, Fernández Pérez; Luis Gustavo, García Bańos; Zenia, García Cartaya.
Full Text Available El desarrollo del diagnóstico prenatal ha modificado radicalmente el manejo de los embarazos y de los resultados perinatales. Con este trabajo se pretende identificar los principales dilemas bioéticos del diagnóstico prenatal de los defectos congénitos en la provincia Artemisa. Se realizó un estudio [...] observacional, descriptivo. Los criterios para la indicación del proceder, el aborto selectivo, estatus moral del feto se identifican entre los conflictos bioéticos del diagnóstico prenatal. Se concluye que los principios generales de la bioética deben servir de base para el análisis y la solución de los dilemas que han surgido en el campo del diagnóstico prenatal y que el desarrollo tecnológico no puede cambiar los principios bioéticos, ni los valores humanos de los profesionales de la salud pública. Abstract in english The development of the prenatal diagnosis has radically modified the handling of pregnancies and of perinatal results. An observational, descriptive study is carried out with the objective of identifying the main bioethical dilemmas of prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects Artemisia. Approaches f [...] or indicating procedures, the selective abortion, and the fetus moral status are identified among the bioethical conflicts of the prenatal diagnosis.It is concluded that the general bioethics principles should serve as base for analysis and solution of these dilemmas, which have arisen in the field of prenatal diagnosis. Additionally it is concluded that technological development cannot change bioethical principles, neither human values of health professionals.
Social behavior of offspring following prenatal cocaine exposure in rodents: a comparison with prenatal alcohol
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Clinical and experimental reports suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure(PCEalters the offsprings' social interactions with caregivers and conspecifics. Children exposed to prenatal cocaine show deficits in caregiver attachment and play behavior. In animal models,a developmental pattern of effects that range from deficits in play and social interaction during adolescence, to aggressive reactions during competition in adulthood is seen. This review will focus primarily on the effects of PCE on social behaviors involving conspecifics in animal models. Social relationships are critical to the developing organism; maternally-directed interactions are necessary for initial survival. Juvenile rats deprived of play behavior, one of the earliest forms of non-mother directed social behaviors in rodents, show deficits in learning tasks and sexual competence. Social behavior is inherently conmplex. Because the emergence of appropriate social skills involves the interplay between various conceptual and biological facets of behavior and social information, it may be a particularly sensitive measure of prenatal insult. The social behavior surveyed include social interactions, play behavior/fighting, scent marking and aggressive behavior in the offspring, as well as aspects of maternal behavior. The goal is to determine if there is a consensus of results in the literature with respect to PCE and social behaviors, and to discuss discrepant findings in terms of exposure models, the paradigms and dependent variables, as well as housing conditions, and the sex and age of the offspring at testing. As there is increasing evidence that deficits in social behavior may be sequelae of developmental exposure alcohol, we compare changes in social behaviors reported for prenatal alcohol with those reported for prenatal cocaine. Shortcomings in the both literatures are identified and addressed in an effort to improve the translational value of future experimentation.
Prenatal adaptations to overload.
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Peševski, Živorad; Sedmera, David
New York : Springer, 2013 - (Oš?ádal, B.; Dhalla, N.), s. 41-57 ISBN 978-1-4614-5202-7. - (Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease) R&D Projects: GA ?R(CZ) GA304/08/0615; GA ?R(CZ) GAP302/11/1308 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50110509 Institutional support: RVO:67985823 Keywords : chick embryo * fetal sheep * hyperplasia * hypertrophy * aortic banding * pulmonary artery banding * conotruncal banding * left atrial ligation * prenatal myocardium Subject RIV: FA - Cardiovascular Diseases incl. Cardiotharic Surgery
Comparisons of levels and predictors of mothers' and fathers' engagement with their preschool aged children
Schoppe-Sullivan, Sarah J.; Kotila, Letitia; Jia, Rongfang; Lang, Sarah N.; Bower, Daniel J.
Self-report data from 112 two-parent families were used to compare levels and predictors of four types of mothers' and fathers' engagement with their preschool aged children: socialization, didactic, caregiving, and physical play. Mothers were more involved than fathers in socialization, didactic, and caregiving, whereas fathers were more involved than mothers in physical play. Mothers' greatest engagement was in caregiving, whereas fathers were about equally engaged in didactic, caregiving, and physical play. Mothers who contributed more to family income were less engaged in socialization and caregiving, whereas fathers with nontraditional beliefs about their roles were more engaged in didactic and caregiving. Children with greater temperamental effortful control received more didactic and physical play engagement from mothers. Fathers were more likely to engage in socialization activities with earlier-born children, whereas mothers were more likely to engage in socialization with girls high in effortful control. Mothers were more likely to engage in physical play with boys and with later-born children. PMID:23645966
Are fathers underused advocates for breastfeeding?
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Kenosi, M
Fathers\\' knowledge base and attitudes influence breastfeeding practice. We aimed to evaluate if Irish fathers felt included in the breastfeeding education and decision process. 67 fathers completed questionnaires, which assessed their role in the decision to breastfeed, knowledge regarding the benefits of breastfeeding and attitude towards breastfeeding.Forty-two (62.7%) of their partners were breastfeeding. Antenatal classes were attended by 38 (56.7%); 59 (88.1%) discussed breastfeeding with their partners and 26 (38.8%) felt that the decision was made together. Twelve (48%) fathers of formula fed infants were unaware that breastfeeding was healthier for the baby. Most fathers (80.6%) felt that breastfeeding was the mother\\'s decision and most (82.1%) felt that antenatal information was aimed at mothers only. Irish fathers remain relatively uninformed regarding the benefits of breastfeeding. This may contribute to their exclusion from the decision to breastfeed. Antenatal education should incorporate fathers more, and this may result in an improvement in our breastfeeding rates.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies
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Ryu, Jung-Kyu; Cho, Jeong-Yeon; Choi, Jong-Sun [Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Focal musculoskeletal anomalies vary, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or be accompanied by numerous other conditions such as genetic disorders, karyotype abnormalities, central nervous system anomalies and other skeletal anomalies, lsolated focal musculoskeletal anomaly does, however, also occur; its early prenatal diagnosis is important in deciding prenatal care, and also helps in counseling parents about the postnatal effects of numerous possible associated anomalies. We have encountered 50 cases involving focal musculoskeletal anomalies, including total limb dysplasia [radial ray abnormality (n=3), mesomelic dysplasia (n=1)]; anomalies of the hand [polydactyly (n=8), syndactyly (n=3), ectrodactyly (n=1), clinodactyly (n=6), clenched hand (n=5)]; anomalies of the foot [clubfoot (n=10), rockerbottom foot (n=5), sandal gap deformity (n=1), curly toe (n=2)]; amniotic band syndrome (n=3); and anomalies of the focal spine [block vertebra (n=1), hemivertebra (n=1)]. Among these 50 cases, five [polydactyly (n=1), syndactyly (n=2) and curly toe (n=2) were confirmed by postnatal physical evaluation, two (focal spine anomalies) were diagnosed after postnatal radiologic examination, and the remaining 43 were proven at autopsy. For each condition, we describe the prenatal sonographic findings, and include a brief review.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Focal musculoskeletal anomalies vary, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or be accompanied by numerous other conditions such as genetic disorders, karyotype abnormalities, central nervous system anomalies and other skeletal anomalies, lsolated focal musculoskeletal anomaly does, however, also occur; its early prenatal diagnosis is important in deciding prenatal care, and also helps in counseling parents about the postnatal effects of numerous possible associated anomalies. We have encountered 50 cases involving focal musculoskeletal anomalies, including total limb dysplasia [radial ray abnormality (n=3), mesomelic dysplasia (n=1)]; anomalies of the hand [polydactyly (n=8), syndactyly (n=3), ectrodactyly (n=1), clinodactyly (n=6), clenched hand (n=5)]; anomalies of the foot [clubfoot (n=10), rockerbottom foot (n=5), sandal gap deformity (n=1), curly toe (n=2)]; amniotic band syndrome (n=3); and anomalies of the focal spine [block vertebra (n=1), hemivertebra (n=1)]. Among these 50 cases, five [polydactyly (n=1), syndactyly (n=2) and curly toe (n=2) were confirmed by postnatal physical evaluation, two (focal spine anomalies) were diagnosed after postnatal radiologic examination, and the remaining 43 were proven at autopsy. For each condition, we describe the prenatal sonographic findings, and include a brief review
The emergence of new fatherhood and the role of father in child raising prior to entering school
Vuc?ko, Katarina
The role of the father in the family has changed over time. Traditionally, fathers were not involved with the care and upbringing of their children, this role belonged to mothers only. Social and environmental changes have brought about the changes in family life, since women began to involve in the public sphere and politics. Due to a changed way of life, the problem regarding active parenting arouse. The role of fathers in childcare has become more and more important, and this led to greate...
Fathers' occupation and pregnancy outcome
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Findings from a survey of 56,067 women in Montreal on maternal occupation and pregnancy outcome have been reported. Paternal occupation recorded in the same survey was analysed for spontaneous abortion in 24 occupational groups retaining the six main sectors of maternal occupation and allowing, by means of logistic regression, for seven potentially confounding variables. In only one of the 24 fathers' occupational groups was there a statistically significant excess of spontaneous abortions-mechanics, repairers, and certain assemblers (O/E = 1.10, 90% CI = 1.02-1.20); subdivision of this group suggested that this excess was mainly attributable to the large group of motor vehicle mechanics (O/E = 1.17). No significant excess of known chromosomally determined defects was found in any of the 24 occupational groups. An association of developmental defects was found with food and beverage processing (18 defects observed compared with 8.02 expected; p < 0.05); however, there was no specificity in type of food, beverage, or congenital defect, and no obvious explanatory mechanism. (author)
What Happens during Prenatal Visits?
... test, depending on the week of pregnancy. Offer genetic testing: screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal problems, cystic fibrosis, other specialized testing depending on history. Prenatal Visit Schedule If your pregnancy is healthy, your ...
Adjusting to being a father to an infant born prematurely: experiences from Swedish fathers.
Lindberg, Birgitta; Axelsson, Karin; Ohrling, Kerstin
The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of being a father to a prematurely born infant. Eight fathers of prematurely born children were interviewed using a narrative approach, and a thematic content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The fathers described that the preterm birth gave them the chance to get to know their infant as they had to spend time at the intensive care unit. They also felt better educated by professionals who helped them take care of their infant. Their feelings and attachment for their infant increased over time and the fathers felt that they had a stronger bond with their child compared with friends who had babies born at term. As time passed, they became more confident as a father. In spite of the strain, the experience made them change as a person and they expressed having different values. The relationship with their partner was strengthened as they handled this situation together as a couple. However, the fathers felt fortunate despite everything and described having managed a prematurely born infant rather well. Although there are similarities between being a father to a child born at term and to one born preterm, it is significant to gain further knowledge about the specific experiences of fathers of prematurely born infants. The results of this study have implications for nurses working with families who have children born prematurely. PMID:18269426
Maternal employment and development of the father-infant relationship in the first year.
Grych, J H; Clark, R
This study investigated links between maternal employment and fathers' parenting quality when their infants were 4 and 12 months old. Sixty-three fathers were videotaped interacting with their infants and completed questionnaires regarding their involvement in caregiving, parenting stress, and marital quality, and mothers reported on children's temperament. Fathers whose wives either did not work outside the home or worked part time were more sensitive and responsive to their children when they were more involved in caregiving; men whose wives worked full time exhibited more negative affect and behavior when they participated more in child care. Men whose wives were not employed also were more positive in their interactions when they were happier with their marriage, whereas men whose wives worked either part time or full time exhibited a negative relation between parenting behavior and marital quality. Maternal work circumstances were not related to fathers' parenting stress; rather, marital quality and child temperament predicted parenting stress at 4 and 12 months for all fathers. PMID:10442859
Acceptability of prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy in Pakistan.
Jafri, H; Hewison, J; Sheridan, E; Ahmed, S
This study aimed to assess acceptability of prenatal testing (PNT) and termination of pregnancy (TOP) for a range of conditions in Pakistani parents with and without a child with a genetic condition. A structured questionnaire assessing acceptability of PNT and TOP for 30 conditions was completed by 400 Pakistani participants: 200 parents with a child with a genetic condition (100 fathers and 100 mothers) and 200 parents without an affected child (100 fathers and 100 mothers). There was a high level of interest in PNT, where over 80 % of parents in all four study groups would want PNT for the majority of the conditions. There was comparatively less interest in TOP for the same conditions (ranging from 5 to 70 % of parents, with mothers of an affected child being most interested). Parents were most likely to be interested in TOP for conditions at the serious end of the continuum. More than half of the participants in each group would consider TOP for anencephaly and quadriplegia. The interest in PNT and TOP for a range of conditions suggests that rapidly developing PNT technologies are likely to be acceptable in Pakistan, a low-middle income level and Muslim country. The comparatively lower level of interest in TOP for the same conditions highlights ethical dilemmas that such technologies are likely to raise. PMID:25081227
Social mobility in the context of fathering: the intergenerational link in parenting among co-resident fathers.
Diaz, Christina J
Intergenerational transmissions extend across a number of family-related behaviors, including marriage timing, fertility, and divorce. Surprisingly, few studies investigate the link between the fathering men experience and the fathering they ultimately engage in. I use data on the grandfathers and fathers of the 2001 U.S. birth cohort - measured in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (N=4050) - to test whether men's perception of the parenting they received influences their subsequent paternal self-assessments and behaviors. I find a nonlinear association between experiencing warm fathering and men's self-assessed parenting quality and stress. Men with particularly warm fathers are more likely to report being good fathers themselves. Those who report having the harshest fathers also exhibit better paternal self-perceptions and lower stress. Perceptions of paternal warmth show similar associations with men's fathering engagement. This research sheds light on the significance of family dynamics and how a legacy of fathering may contribute to inequality. PMID:24913941
Preparing heart and mind following prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart defect.
McKechnie, Anne Chevalier; Pridham, Karen
Drawing on attachment and caregiving theory and the concept of motivation, the purpose of this descriptive study was to examine parents' retrospective accounts of their prenatal experiences after receiving the diagnosis of a fetal heart defect. These parents constituted a subgroup of participants in a larger longitudinal study of parenting an infant with a complex congenital heart defect. Data were derived from 14 semistructured interviews with 13 mothers and 3 fathers in the home or hospital setting. A directed content analysis yielded a central category of preparing heart and mind for infant caregiving. Preparing heart and mind is a preliminary caregiving goal within the caregiving system that generates intentions and expectations indicative of specific caregiving motivations to relate to the baby, handle circumstances practically, and manage infant medical care. A theoretical model illustrates the prenatal process these parents engaged in to provide care to their infants with life-threatening medical conditions. PMID:22927700
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Prenatal Stress
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Genco Usta
Full Text Available The influence of prenatal stress on psychopathology has been observed in many animal and human studies. In many studies, stress during prenatal period has been shown to result in negative feedback dysregulation and hyperactivity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Prenatal stres also may cause increased risk of birth complications, startle or distress in response to novel and surprising stimuli during infancy; lower Full Scale IQs, language abilities and attention deficiency in period of 3-5 years; increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, anxiety symptoms, depressive disorder and impulsivity during adolescence. Additionally, timing of prenatal stress is also important and 12-22 weeks of gestation seems to be the most vulnerable period. The results underline the need for early prevention and intervention programs for highly anxious women during pregnancy. Administration of prenatal stress monitoring to public health programs or removing pregnant women who have been exposed to life events such as natural disaster, terror attack to secure areas that provide basic needs may be crucial.
Parent and Child Perspectives on Mothering and Fathering: The Influence of Ecocultural Niches
Newland, Lisa A.; Chen, Hui-Hua; Coyl-Shepherd, Diana D.; Liang, Yi-Ching; Carr, Eliann R.; Dykstra, Emily; Gapp, Susan C.
This mixed-methods study examined differences in parent involvement, perceptions, practices, and context by parent gender, nationality, and education level. Mothers, fathers, and their school-age children participated at two sites: the Midwestern USA ("n" = 99) and urban Central Taiwan ("n"?=?100). Parents completed questionnaires regarding their…
Diagnóstico prenatal del pie bot / Prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Julio Javier, Masquijo; Silvio, Marchegiani; Victoria, Allende.
Full Text Available SciELO Argentina | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish Introducción. El pie bot es una de las anomalías músculo- esqueléticas congénitas más frecuentes. La utilización de la ecografía para la detección prenatal del pie bot ha avanzado rápidamente en la última década, pero las publicaciones han presentado una gran variabilidad de opiniones en cuanto a la [...] eficacia del método, la asociación con otras patologías y la necesidad de realizar amniocentesis para análisis del cariotipo. Objetivos. Analizar en qué porcentaje de pacientes se realizó diagnóstico prenatal del pie bot, evaluar la opinión de las madres al respecto y aclarar algunos conceptos revisando la bibliografía disponible a la fecha. Métodos. Se analizó retrospectivamente un grupo de 54 pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de pie bot tratados en el período enero 2008-junio 2010. Se documentaron el número de ecografías realizadas durante el embarazo, el tipo de ecografía realizada (2D, 3D o 4D) y la semana de gestación al momento del diagnóstico. Las madres fueron encuestadas a fin de conocer su opinión con respecto al diagnóstico prenatal de esta deformidad. Resultados. Se realizaron 3,2 ecografías promedio durante el embarazo (r, 1-7). En el 25% (13/52) de los casos se realizó diagnóstico prenatal. El diagnóstico fue realizado en 7 casos con ecografía 2D, en 4 con 3D y en 2 con 4D, y en promedio se efectuó a la semana 22 (r, 20-28). En ningún paciente se llevó a cabo diagnóstico temprano, en 12 fue tardío y en 1 muy tardío. Conclusión. El diagnóstico prenatal permite a los padres de prepararse psicológicamente y asesorarse sobre la patología. En nuestra serie, el 90,4% se mostró a favor de conocer previamente el diagnóstico. Abstract in english Introduction. Clubfoot is one of the most frequent congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. The use of ultrasound for prenatal detection of clubfoot has advanced rapidly in the last decade, but publications report a great variability in opinions regarding the effectiveness of the method, the associatio [...] n with other diseases and the need to perform amniocentesis analysis of the karyotype. Objectives. To analyze the percentage of patients with prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot, evaluate mothers' opinion on this issue, and clarify some concepts by reviewing the literature available to date. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed a group of 54 consecutive patients diagnosed with clubfoot treated from January 2008 to June 2010. We documented the number of ultrasounds performed during pregnancy, type of ultrasound (2D, 3D or 4D) and the gestational week at diagnosis. Mothers were surveyed to ascertain their opinion with regard to prenatal diagnosis. Results. An average of 3.2 ultrasounds was performed during pregnancy (r, 1-7). Prenatal diagnosis was performed in 25% of cases (13/52 patients). Diagnosis was performed in 7 cases with 2-D ultrasound in 4 with 3-D and in 2 with 4-D. Diagnosis was performed on average at week 22 (r, 20- 28). No patient was diagnosed early, 12 were diagnosed late and 1 very late. Conclusion. Prenatal diagnosis gives parents the opportunity for psychological preparation and counseling regarding clubfoot. In our series, 90.4% supported prenatal diagnosis.
Zolotor, Adam J; Carlough, Martha C
Many elements of routine prenatal care are based on tradition and lack a firm evidence base; however, some elements are supported by more rigorous studies. Correct dating of the pregnancy is critical to prevent unnecessary inductions and to allow for accurate treatment of preterm labor. Physicians should recommend folic acid supplementation to all women as early as possible, preferably before conception, to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Administration of Rho(D) immune globulin markedly decreases the risk of alloimmunization in an RhD-negative woman carrying an RhD-positive fetus. Screening and treatment for iron deficiency anemia can reduce the risks of preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal depression. Testing for aneuploidy and neural tube defects should be offered to all pregnant women with a discussion of the risks and benefits. Specific genetic testing should be based on the family histories of the patient and her partner. Physicians should recommend that pregnant women receive a vaccination for influenza, be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria, and be tested for sexually transmitted infections. Testing for group B streptococcus should be performed between 35 and 37 weeks' gestation. If test results are positive or the patient has a history of group B streptococcus bacteriuria during pregnancy, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered to reduce the risk of infection in the infant. Intramuscular or vaginal progesterone should be considered in women with a history of spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or shortened cervical length (less than 2.5 cm). Screening for diabetes should be offered using a universal or a risk-based approach. Women at risk of preeclampsia should be offered low-dose aspirin prophylaxis, as well as calcium supplementation if dietary calcium intake is low. Induction of labor may be considered between 41 and 42 weeks' gestation. PMID:24506122
75 FR 35947 - Father's Day, 2010
...love. Fathers are our first teachers and coaches, mentors and role models. They push us to succeed...it is an opportunity to model who we want our sons and daughters...the guiding presence of male role models in the lives of countless...
76 FR 36853 - Father's Day, 2011
...Nation. Fathers, along with our mothers, are our first teachers, coaches, and advisors. They help us grow into adults...celebrating with us in times of triumph. Strong male role models come in all forms, but they have one thing in...
Knighthood for 'father of the web'
Uhlig, R
"Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the world wide web, was awarded a knighthood for services to the internet, which his efforts transformed from a haunt of computer geeks, scientists and the military into a global phenomenon" (1/2 page).
A Mother Tongue Spoken Mainly by Fathers.
Corsetti, Renato
Reviews what is known about Esperanto as a home language and first language. Recorded cases of Esperanto-speaking families are known since 1919, and in nearly all of the approximately 350 families documented, the language is spoken to the children by the father. The data suggests that this "artificial bilingualism" can be as successful as "natural…
Children's Evaluations of Fathers' Socialization Behavior.
Siegal, Michael; Barclay, Mary S.
Thirty boys and thirty girls in each of four age groups evaluated fathers' discipline techniques over a range of situations in which a culprit was described as having transgressed. The techniques consisted of induction, physical punishment, love withdrawal, and permissiveness. Evaluations were determined more by the nature of the child making the…
New Horizons for Fathers of Children with Disabilities.
May, James
An organizer of a support program for fathers of children with disabilities discusses the father's role in the family, myths surrounding the father's role, coping with the extra stresses in families with disabled children, and emotional adjustment to the disability. (DB)
Genomic Characterization of Prenatally Detected Chromosomal Structural Abnormalities Using Oligonucleotide Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Li, Peining; Pomianowski, Pawel; Dimaio, Miriam S.; Florio, Joanne R.; Rossi, Michael R.; Xiang, Bixia; Xu, Fang; Yang, Hui; Geng, Qian; Xie, Jiansheng; Mahoney, Maurice J.
Detection of chromosomal structural abnormalities using conventional cytogenetic methods poses a challenge for prenatal genetic counseling due to unpredictable clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence. Of the 1,726 prenatal cases in a 3-year period, we performed oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on 11 cases detected with various structural chromosomal abnormalities. In nine cases, genomic aberrations and gene contents involving a 3p distal deletion, a mar...
Fathers for Change: A New Approach to Working with Fathers Who Perpetrate Intimate Partner Violence
Stover, Carla Smith
Legal and social service systems rarely acknowledge the status of men as fathers in the conceptualization and delivery of interventions for intimate partner violence (IPV). Large percentages of men who are arrested and mandated to intervention programs for IPV are fathers who continue to live with or have consistent contact with their young children despite aggression and substance use. There are currently no evidence-based treatments that address co-morbid substance abuse and domestic violen...
Fathers' views on their financial situations, father-child activities, and preventing child injuries.
Olsen, Lise L; Oliffe, John L; Brussoni, Mariana; Creighton, Genevieve
Unintentional injuries are a leading public health problem for children, particularly among those living at lower socioeconomic levels. Parents play an important preventive role, and the aim of this study was to examine fathers' views on the role of their family financial situation in preventing children's injuries. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 fathers of children 2 to 7 years living in western Canada. Questions solicited fathers' views about their financial situation and their child injury prevention efforts. Data analysis was underpinned by masculinity theory and guided by constant comparative grounded theory methods. Findings included that fathers living with fewer financial limitations emphasized use of safety equipment and aligned themselves with provider and protector masculine ideals. Fathers with moderate financial constraint described more child-centered safety efforts and efforts to manage finances. Those facing greatest constraint demonstrated aspects of marginalized masculinities, whereby they acknowledged their economic provider limitations while strongly aligning with the protector role. These findings hold relevance for development of interventions aimed at reducing child injury risk inequities. Taking into account how masculinities may shape their beliefs and practices can inform design of father-centered interventions for men living at different points on the socioeconomic spectrum. PMID:24334676
Preconception Care and Prenatal Care
... www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/prenatal-care.html [top] What should I do before I get pregnant? » Last Updated Date: 10/22/2013 Last Reviewed Date: 07/15/2013 Related A-Z Topics Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Pregnancy All related topics NICHD News ...
[Noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis: a bioethical reflection on the use of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis from the analysis of nucleic acids present in maternal peripheral blood].
González-Melado, Fermín J; Di Pietro, Maria Luisa
The use of techniques that analyse the fetal nucleic acids present in maternal peripheral blood for the preparation of non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis, is a clinical reality in the case of certain diseases. In the coming years, it will become part of the routine monitoring for fetal diagnosis. This study analyzes the current status of these techniques as well as the major ethical issues arising from the relationship between - prenatal diagnosis and eugenic abortion, and the specific problems posed by - prenatal genetic diagnosis based an analysis of the nucleic acids present in maternal peripheral blood. Among the conclusions are the following: we make a positive ethical evaluation of the technique when it is aimed at pregnant women who are in a situation of high risk, defined on the basis of medical standards and ethics, without compromising the integrity of the fetus. We make a negative ethical evaluation when non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis has a eugenic purpose and will establish a connection between prenatal diagnosis and eugenic abortion in case of a positive result. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis increases the image of the disabled person as an individual that has to be excluded from society. The widespread use of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis will decrease the autonomy of women / couples when it comes to making decisions. Health authorities may use non-invasive prenatal diagnosis as a way of ?preventing? genetic diseases, since it will lower costs, increase the number of malformed fetuses detected and a decrease the number of indirect abortions involving invasive techniques. PMID:21692554
Securing Fatherhood through Kin Work: A Comparison of Black Low Income Fathers and Families in South Africa and the U.S.
Madhavan, Sangeetha; Roy, Kevin
In this paper, we examine how low income black men in South Africa and the US work with their kin to secure fathering and ensure the well-being of children. We use ethnographic and life history data on men who fathered children from 1992-2005 to demonstrate how fathers' roles as kin workers enable them to meet culturally-defined criteria for responsible fatherhood in two contexts marked by legacies of racism, increasing rates of incarceration and HIV/AIDS, and a web of interlocking inequalities that effectively precludes them from accessing employment with good wages. Using a comparative framework based on kin work, we identify three common processes in both contexts - negotiation between maternal and paternal kin, pedifocal approach and flexible fathering - that enable men and their kin networks to secure father involvement in economically marginalized communities. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of our findings. PMID:24273365
Maternal Decisions Regarding Prenatal Diagnosis: Rational Choices or Sensible Decisions?
Lawson, Karen L.; Pierson, Roger A.
The premise underlying prenatal testing is that knowing the health status of the fetus will enable expectant parents to make rational reproductive decisions. Accordingly, rational-choice perspectives have informed both counselling protocols and the majority of investigations into the psychological processes involved in making decisions about testing and selective abortion. However, because conditions inherent in the testing situation may not adhere to the basic assumptions of rational choice ...
Prenatal MRI Findings of Polycystic Kidney Disease Associated with Holoprosencephaly
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are genetically heterogeneous anomalies which can make up part of various syndromes or chromosomal anomalies. Due to the rapid lethality prognosis, early and precise prenatal diagnosis would be of great value. This case report describes extensive PKD involvement, already present in utero, in a patient with HPE and subdural effusion visible by MR imaging. The detailed anatomic information obtained by the MR imaging can guide the surgical planning and can aid antenatal counseling
Prenatal MRI Findings of Polycystic Kidney Disease Associated with Holoprosencephaly
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Koplay, Mustafa [Ergani Status Hospital, Diyarbakir (Turkmenistan); Onbas, Omer; Alper, Fatih; Borekci, Bunyamin [Ataturk University, Erzurum (Turkmenistan)
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are genetically heterogeneous anomalies which can make up part of various syndromes or chromosomal anomalies. Due to the rapid lethality prognosis, early and precise prenatal diagnosis would be of great value. This case report describes extensive PKD involvement, already present in utero, in a patient with HPE and subdural effusion visible by MR imaging. The detailed anatomic information obtained by the MR imaging can guide the surgical planning and can aid antenatal counseling.
Prenatal rectal perforation: an unsuspected cause of isolated ascites.
Casaccia, G; Giorlandino, C; Catalano, O A; Bagolan, P
In fetal intestinal perforation, inflammation leads to production of ascites. Small bowel is usually involved by perforation with the distal ileum the most frequent site. We report the first case of prenatal perforation of the intraperitoneal part of the rectum, which presented as severe ascites at a 37 weeks' gestation antenatal ultrasonography. As none of the reported causes of intestinal perforation were identified in our case, its etiology remained idiopathic. PMID:17066069
Differential Play Patterns of Mothers and Fathers of Sons and Daughters: Implications for Children's Gender Role Development.
Lindsey, Eric W.; Mize, Jacquelyn; Pettit, Gregory S.
Examines the extent of mothers' and fathers' involvement in children's play, and stylistic variations in that play. Results from 35 preschool children from multiethnic families reveal boys played differently than girls and parental involvement was also different. Parent's different interactions with sons' versus daughters' playing shows that…
Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers
Forster, Peter; Hohoff, Carsten; Dunkelmann, Bettina; Schürenkamp, Marianne; Pfeiffer, Heidi; Neuhuber, Franz; Brinkmann, Bernd
Men age and die, while cells in their germline are programmed to be immortal. To elucidate how germ cells maintain viable DNA despite increasing parental age, we analysed DNA from 24 097 parents and their children, from Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We chose repetitive microsatellite DNA that mutates (unlike point mutations) only as a result of cellular replication, providing us with a natural 'cell-cycle counter'. We observe, as expected, that the overall mutation rate for fathers is seven times higher than for mothers. Also as expected, mothers have a low and lifelong constant DNA mutation rate. Surprisingly, however, we discover that (i) teenage fathers already set out from a much higher mutation rate than teenage mothers (potentially equivalent to 77–196 male germline cell divisions by puberty); and (ii) ageing men maintain sperm DNA quality similar to that of teenagers, presumably by using fresh batches of stem cells known as 'A-dark spermatogonia'. PMID:25694621
Beyond Absenteeism: Father Incarceration and Child Development*
Geller, Amanda; Cooper, Carey E.; Garfinkel, Irwin; Schwartz-soicher, Ofira; Mincy, Ronald B.
High rates of incarceration among American men, coupled with high rates of fatherhood among men in prison, have motivated recent research on the effects of parental imprisonment on children's development. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the relationship between paternal incarceration and developmental outcomes for approximately 3,000 urban children. We estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models that control not only for fathers' ...
Prenatal diagnosis of Bruck syndrome.
Berg, C; Geipel, A; Noack, F; Smrcek, J; Krapp, M; Germer, U; Bender, G; Gembruch, U
Bruck syndrome is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder combining features of osteogenesis imperfecta and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. There are only few reports describing this rare syndrome of multiple fractures and joint contractures that is thought to be a subtype of osteogenesis imperfecta. We report the first case of prenatal diagnosis of this syndrome in a fetus at 23 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound findings included brachycephaly, retrognathia marked shortening and bowing of both femurs, bilateral fixed flexion of the elbows, bilateral fixed extension of the wrists and partially fixed flexion of the knees. The parents opted for termination of pregnancy. Macroscopic and radiologic examination of the aborted fetus confirmed the prenatal diagnosis, whereas morphological studies of the bone tissue found no hard evidence of osteogenesis imperfecta, probably due to the early stage of pregnancy and the heterogeneity of the syndrome itself. PMID:16034828
Prenatal Screening Using Maternal Markers
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Howard Cuckle
Full Text Available Maternal markers are widely used to screen for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs, chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac defects. Some are beginning to broaden prenatal screening to include pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. The methods initially developed for NTDs using a single marker have since been built upon to develop high performance multi-maker tests for chromosomal abnormalities. Although cell-free DNA testing is still too expensive to be considered for routine application in public health settings, it can be cost-effective when used in combination with existing multi-maker marker tests. The established screening methods can be readily applied in the first trimester to identify pregnancies at high risk of pre-eclampsia and offer prevention though aspirin treatment. Prenatal screening for fragile X syndrome might be adopted more widely if the test was to be framed as a form of maternal marker screening.
Recruiting Fathers to Parenting Programs: Advice from Dads and Fatherhood Program Providers
Stahlschmidt, Mary Jo; Threlfall, Jennifer; Seay, Kristen D.; Lewis, Ericka M.; Kohl, Patricia L.
The benefits of high-quality father-child relationships for fathers and children alike are well documented. While evidence suggests parenting programs can improve the quality of father-child relationships, few fathers participate in such programs. This qualitative study aims to fill the gap in knowledge on best practices for recruiting urban African American fathers, a group of fathers with unique parenting challenges, to parenting programs. Focus groups were conducted with 29 fathers to gain...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective: Ovarian cysts are the most frequently encountered intra-abdominal masses in females in utero. They may, at times, require perinatal intervention. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to ultrasonography (US) in prenatal diagnosis, we sought to demonstrate the ability to visualize ovarian cysts on prenatal MRI. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 17 fetal MRI scans from 16 female fetuses (23–37 gestational weeks) with an MRI diagnosis of ovarian cysts after suspicious US findings. A multiplanar MRI protocol was applied to image and to characterize the cysts. The US and MRI findings were compared, and the prenatal findings were compared with postnatal imaging findings or histopathology. Results: Simple ovarian cysts were found in 10/16 cases and complex cysts in 7/16 cases, including one case with both. In 11/16 (69%) cases, US and MRI diagnoses were in agreement, and, in 5/16 (31%) cases, MRI specified or expanded the US diagnosis. In 6/16 cases, postnatal US showed that the cysts spontaneously resolved or decreased in size, and in 1/16 cases, postnatal imaging confirmed a hemorrhagic cyst. In 4/16 cases, the prenatal diagnoses were confirmed by surgery/histopathology, and for the rest, postnatal correlation was not available. Conclusion: Our results illustrate the MRI visualization of ovarian cysts in utero. In most cases, MRI will confirm the US diagnosis. In certain cases, MRI may provide further diagnostic information, additional to US, which is the standard technique for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.
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Nemec, Ursula [Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Nemec, Stefan F., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (United States); Bettelheim, Dieter [Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Brugger, Peter C. [Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Integrative Morphology Group, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Horcher, Ernst [Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Schoepf, Veronika [Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Graham, John M.; Rimoin, David L. [Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (United States); Weber, Michael; Prayer, Daniela [Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna (Austria)
Objective: Ovarian cysts are the most frequently encountered intra-abdominal masses in females in utero. They may, at times, require perinatal intervention. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to ultrasonography (US) in prenatal diagnosis, we sought to demonstrate the ability to visualize ovarian cysts on prenatal MRI. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 17 fetal MRI scans from 16 female fetuses (23-37 gestational weeks) with an MRI diagnosis of ovarian cysts after suspicious US findings. A multiplanar MRI protocol was applied to image and to characterize the cysts. The US and MRI findings were compared, and the prenatal findings were compared with postnatal imaging findings or histopathology. Results: Simple ovarian cysts were found in 10/16 cases and complex cysts in 7/16 cases, including one case with both. In 11/16 (69%) cases, US and MRI diagnoses were in agreement, and, in 5/16 (31%) cases, MRI specified or expanded the US diagnosis. In 6/16 cases, postnatal US showed that the cysts spontaneously resolved or decreased in size, and in 1/16 cases, postnatal imaging confirmed a hemorrhagic cyst. In 4/16 cases, the prenatal diagnoses were confirmed by surgery/histopathology, and for the rest, postnatal correlation was not available. Conclusion: Our results illustrate the MRI visualization of ovarian cysts in utero. In most cases, MRI will confirm the US diagnosis. In certain cases, MRI may provide further diagnostic information, additional to US, which is the standard technique for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.
Prenatal Screening Using Maternal Markers
Howard Cuckle
Maternal markers are widely used to screen for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs), chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac defects. Some are beginning to broaden prenatal screening to include pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. The methods initially developed for NTDs using a single marker have since been built upon to develop high performance multi-maker tests for chromosomal abnormalities. Although cell-free DNA testing is still too expensive to be considered for routine application ...
Sibylle Lacan. The father's name, the daughter's voice
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Sandra Teroni
Full Text Available With the date 'August 1991-June 1994' Sibylle Lacan's book A Father, explicitly affirms that the year she began writing marked the tenth anniversary of the death of a father also celebrated by another daughter, Judith Miller, with her lavish Album Jacques Lacan, conceived as a 'monument' worthy of his memory. Sibylle's 'puzzle', conversely, expresses fragmentation: that of memory, of discourse and of narrative; of the family; of communication garbled by the unspoken; and of the Self. She portrays a hopeless search for a father – and the resulting devastation. Comparison with the conversations recorded by Elizabeth Roudinesco in her biography of Lacan (1993 throws an interesting light on the gestation of the book and on its contribution to a rebirth, the birth, as a writer, sanctioned by Sibylle Lacan's subsequent book, Points de suspension (2000, even as it enigmatically announces the irreparable loss of that vocation.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of omphalocele
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect at the midline characterized by herniation of abdominal contents and covered by peritoneum and amnion. The aim of this paper is to present a case of omphalocele with gestational age of 23 weeks and prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography. Using ultrasound diagnosis in a patient inquest made 40 years of age in the second trimester (gestational age 23 weeks) showed a level of the anterior fetal echogenic image that sticks through the abdominal wall and then locate the cord umbilical. Stomach is seen displaced and loss of normal anatomy of the abdominal circumference. Genetic counseling was conducted at the Municipal Center for Genetics of Manzanillo. Pathologically the fetus presented short and wide neck, low-set ears, defect omphalomesenteric of ductal closure, hernia sac occupied by the caudate lobe of the liver and gallbladder bed, wide base heart dissection showing cava-cava absence of interventricular septum was observed pulmonary valve stenosis most dilation of supravalvular pulmonary artery, large defect and aorta intraventricular septum ride, which speaks in favor of a heart rate troncoconal fallop trilogy over the omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is an efficient and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele
The expectations of fathers concerning care provided by midwives to the mothers during labour
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Anna G.W. Nolte
Full Text Available Midwives have been criticised for neglecting the expectations and needs of fathers. They either ignore the fathers or pressure them into becoming more involved than they would choose, if allowed to provide support to the mothers during labour. Whilst midwives are providing woman-centred care, it is important that they remember to involve the fathers in decision-making and to acknowledge their role, expectations and needs, because the birth of a child is one of the most important events in a person's lifetime. This study focused on fathers' expectations of the care provided to mothers by the midwives during labour. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study design was utilised. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with fathers about the care provided to their partners or wives by midwives. Data were then analysed with an open descriptive method of coding that is appropriate for qualitative research. The results of the interviews were subsequently positioned within a holistic health-promotive nursing theory that encompassed body, mind and spirit. The results revealed that fathers saw the provision of comfort and support as the two main aspects for mothers in labour that they expected from midwives. The findings were that midwives should improve their communication skills with the mothers, as well as with the fathers if they are available. Fathers expected midwives to encourage them to accompany the mother during labour and to facilitate bonding between father, mother and baby. The results of this study should assist midwives to provide holistic quality care to mothers and fathers during labour.
Vroedvroue word daarvan beskuldig dat hulle nie voldoen aan die verwagtinge en behoeftes van die vaders nie. Vaders word, óf deur hulle geďgnoreer, óf druk word op hulle uitgeoefen om meer betrokke te raak as waarmee hulle gemaklik is, indien hulle wel toegelaat word om moeders te ondersteun tydens die kraamproses. Vroedvroue verskaf moeder-gesentreerde sorg, maar dit is nogtans belangrik dat hulle onthou om die vaders te betrek in die besluitneming en hulle rol, verwagtinge en behoeftes te erken omdat die geboorte van 'n kind een van die belangrikste gebeurtenisse in hulle lewens is. Die studie het gefokus op vaders se verwagtinge van die sorg wat verskaf word aan moeders tydens kraam. 'n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik. Data is ingesamel deur in-diepte onderhoude met vaders te voer oor die sorg wat aan hul vroue of metgeselle tydens die kraamproses verskaf word deur vroedvroue. Data is daarna geanaliseer deur 'n oop beskrywende metode te gebruik wat toepaslik is vir kwalitatiewe navorsing. Die resultate van die onderhoude is vervolgens geposisioneer binne 'n holistiese, gesondheids-bevorderende teorie wat verwys na liggaam, psige en gees. Die resultate toon dat gemak en ondersteuning die twee hoofkategorieë is wat verskaf moet word deur vroedvroue aan moeders tydens die kraamproses. Die ander kategorieë wat aangedui word in die resultate, is dat vroedvroue hulle onderlinge kommunikasievaardighede moet verbeter, asook hul kommunikasie met die moeders en vaders indien laasgenoemde beskikbaar is. Die vaders het van vroedvroue verwag om hulle aan te moedig om moeders by te staan tydens die kraamproses en om binding tussen vader, moeder en baba aan te moedig.
How to cite this article: Sengane, M.L.M. & Nolte, A.G.W., 2012, 'The expectations of fathers concerning care provided by midwives to the mothers during labour', Health SA Gesondheid 17(1, Art.#527, 10 pages. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/hsag.v17i1.527
Why women want prenatal ultrasound in normal pregnancy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gudex, Claire; Nielsen, Bentt LŘwe
Objectives To investigate women's reasons for requesting prenatal ultrasound in the absence of clinical indications. Methods A postal questionnaire was completed by 370 pregnant women with no apparent obstetric risk factors, who had expressed a desire to have ultrasound scanning in their current pregnancy. The women were asked to indicate, from a list of 12 items, their three most important reasons for wanting scanning. Ninety per cent of the women were in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 10% in the second trimester. Results The items most frequently identified as important reasons for ultrasound were to check for fetal abnormalities (60% of women) to see that all was normal (55%) and for own reassurance (44%). Lower income was related to wanting to see the baby (P=0.028) and wanting an ultrasound picture (P=0.017); higher income was related to checking that all was normal (P=0-003) and for own reassurance (P=0.015). Women in their first pregnancy were more likely to want themselves and the father to see the baby (P=0.001); women who had given birth previously were more likely to want reassurance (P=0.002), as were women with a previous miscarriage or induced abortion. Women who believed that the presence of fetal trisomy justifies abortion or who would vote for free abortion were more likely to want to know about abnormalities (P<0.001 and P<0.004, respectively). Women in the second trimester were more likely to want to check for abnormalities (P=0.047) than those in the first trimester. Conclusions It would appear that women in normal pregnancy have specific reasons for wanting prenatal ultrasound that are influenced by sociodemographic, obstetric and attitudinal factors
She said, he said: Comparing mothers' and fathers' reports on the non-resident father's contact with his children
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Ragni Hege Kitterřd
Full Text Available Background: Analyses of contact frequency between non-resident fathers and children have often been based on samples of non-resident fathers or resident mothers only. It is well established that non-resident fathers tend to report more contact than the resident mothers do, but it is less clear if it matters which parent we ask, when the aim is to explore predictors of father-child contact. Objective: We wish to add to the literature on predictors of father-child contact, especially if it matters whether we rely on the resident mothers' or the non-resident fathers' answers. Methods: Analyzing a high-quality Norwegian survey from 2004 of ex-couple-parents living apart, we ran separate OLS regressions estimating the predictors of number of contact days and nights, based on the mothers' and the fathers' answers, respectively. Results: Father-child contact is largely associated with the same independent variables, whether we use the non-resident fathers' or the resident mothers' answers, but some differences do appear. We observe more significant associations between father-child contact days and the independent variables based on the resident mothers' than the non-resident fathers' reporting. The mother's educational attainment and whether the father has children with more former partners have significant effects in the subsample of resident mothers, but not in the subsample of non-resident fathers. Conclusions: Future surveys should collect information from both parents. Using information from one parent only should be a last resort, if more adequate data cannot be obtained.
Biological Effects after Prenatal Irradiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A Task Group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has finished a report Biological Effects after Prenatal Irradiation (Embryo and Fetus) which has been approved by the Main Commission and Will be Published. Some new important scientific data shall be discussed in this contribution. During the preimplantation period lethality of the mammalian embryo is the dominating radiation effect. However, in mouse strains with genetic predispositions it has been shown that also malformations can be caused. This effect is genetically determined and its mechanisms is different from the induction of malformations during major organogenesis. Radiation exposures during this prenatal period leads ato an increase of genomic instability of cells in the normal appearing fetuses. These radiation effects can be transmitted to the next generation. A renewed analysis of individuals with severe mental retardation after exposures during the 8th to 15th week post conception in Hiroshima and Nagasaki gives evidence that a threshold dose exists for this effect around 300 mGy. This is supported by a number of experimental animal data which have been obtained from cellular and molecular investigations during the brain development. The data show the high radiosensitivity of the developing brain but also the various compensatory mechanisms and the enormous plasticity of these processes. The radiosensitivity varies strongly during the prenatal development. The highest sensite prenatal development. The highest sensitivity is found during the early and mid fetal period which is coinciding with weeks 8-15 post conception in humans. The lowest doses causing persistent damage are in the range of 100 to 300 mGy. For intelligence quotient scores a linear dose response model provides a satisfactory fit. From the experimental data it can be concluded that the fetal stage is most sensitive to the carcinogenic effect in comparison to the other prenatal stages. Such as clear situation cannot be obtained from the epidemiological studies with humans. in general the magnitude of cancer risk from in-utero exposures may be similar to that from radiation exposures in early childhood. This is especially the case when the follow-up is extended to adulthood. RBE values for fast neutrons as well as DREF values have been reported for various biological endpoints after exposures at various developmental stages. These will be discussed. (Author)
An examination of prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women served by urban community health centers.
Sidebottom, Abbey C; Hellerstedt, Wendy L; Harrison, Patricia A; Hennrikus, Deborah
We characterized depressive symptoms in the prenatal and/or postpartum periods and examined associated risk factors among 594 women who received care at community health care centers. Women were screened with comprehensive risk assessments, which included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screen, during pregnancy and at least 4 weeks after delivery. Fifteen percent had depressive symptoms in the prenatal period only; 6 % in the postpartum period only, and 8 % had depressive symptoms in both periods. Risk markers varied for women who reported depressive symptoms at one period only compared with those who reported persistent depressive symptoms. Age (25 years versus younger), having experienced abuse, not living with the infant's father, and cigarette smoking were associated with depressive symptoms at both periods; being US-born, lacking social support, and experiencing food insecurity were associated with reporting symptoms only in the prenatal period, and lack of phone access was associated with risk only in the postpartum period. Our findings confirm the importance of repeated screenings for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period. The variability in risk markers associated with periods of reported depressive symptoms may reflect their varying associations with persistence, new onset, or recovery from depressive symptoms. PMID:24037098
Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in the Philippines.
Alampay, Liane Peńa; Jocson, Rosanne M
OBJECTIVE.: This paper investigates the mean level and within-family similarities and differences in Filipino mothers' and fathers' attributions about success and failure in caregiving situations, and their progressive and authoritarian parenting attitudes. DESIGN.: Both mothers and fathers in 95 families in metropolitan Manila completed interviews. RESULTS.: Controlling for parents' age, education, and possible social desirability bias, there was a significant gender difference in modernity of attitudes, with mothers exhibiting higher levels of modernity than fathers. There was a strong correlation in mothers' and fathers' authoritarian attitudes and moderate correlations in modernity of attitudes. There were neither parent gender effects nor concordance in the attributions of mothers and fathers. CONCLUSIONS.: Cultural explanations are presented to account for the findings, specifically the sociocultural values that foster traditional attitudes favoring parental authority and child obedience, and the differences in gender and family roles of Filipino mothers and fathers. PMID:21826132
Low-income fathers' access to health insurance.
Corman, Hope; Noonan, Kelly; Carroll, Anne; Reichman, Nancy E
We examine the prevalence and correlates of health insurance status among low-income fathers, a group not previously studied in this context. In a sample of 1,653 low-income fathers from a national urban birth cohort study, 29% had private, 14% had public, and 58% had no insurance. Privately insured fathers had greater levels of human capital than did publicly insured fathers; the latter more closely resembled uninsured fathers than they did privately insured fathers. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicates that being older, being employed, being married, and having a job offering health insurance all increase the likelihood of having private (vs. no) insurance, and that being disabled and married to or cohabiting with the child's mother increase the likelihood of having public (vs. no) insurance. Public policy should focus on increasing access to health insurance among low-income men, which may improve their health, productivity, and ability to support themselves and their children. PMID:19202254
Perfil de adolescentes com repetiçăo da gravidez atendidas num ambulatório de pré-natal Perfil de las adolescentes con repetición del embarazo atendidas en un ambulatorio de prenatal Profile of adolescents with repeated pregnancies attended at a prenatal clinic
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lia Persona
Full Text Available Este trabalho identificou o perfil biopsicossocial das adolescentes com repetiçăo da gravidez, atendidas num ambulatório de pré-natal. Os dados obtidos através do prontuário médico e entrevista foram analisados quantitativamente. Através dos resultados encontrados e de acordo com a literatura, foram selecionados, do perfil das adolescentes, fatores mais fortemente associados ŕ ocorręncia da repetiçăo da gravidez. Săo eles: menarca precoce, primeira relaçăo sexual após curto intervalo da menarca, repetęncia escolar, abandono escolar, ausęncia de ocupaçăo remunerada, baixa renda familiar, envolvimento com parceiros mais velhos, residir com o parceiro, uniăo consensual com o parceiro, um parceiro fixo, baixo uso de condon, história familiar de gravidez na adolescęncia, ausęncia do pai por morte ou abandono, reaçăo positiva da família ŕ gravidez anterior, aborto anterior, parto anterior bem conceituado pela adolescente, e ausęncia ŕ revisăo pós-parto anterior.Este trabajo identificó el perfil biopsicosocial de las adolescentes con repetición del embarazo, atendidas en un ambulatorio de prenatal. Los datos obtenidos por medio del prontuario médico y entrevista, fueron analizados cuantitativamente. Por medio de los resultados y de acuerdo con la literatura, fueron seleccionados, entre los perfiles de las adolescentes, factores más fuertemente asociados a la ocurrencia de la repetición del embarazo. Ellos son: menarca precoz; primera relación sexual tras corto intervalo de la menarca; repetición escolar; abandono escolar; ausencia de ocupación remunerada; baja renta familiar; envolvimiento con parejas más viejas; residir con la pareja; unión consensual con la pareja; pareja fija; bajo uso de condón; historia familiar de embarazo en la adolescencia; ausencia del padre por muerte o abandono; reacción positiva de la familia al embarazo anterior; aborto anterior; parto anterior bien conceptuado por la adolescente; y ausencia a la revisión pos-parto anterior.This study identified the biopsychosocial profile of adolescent with repeated pregnancies, who were attended at a prenatal clinic. Data were collected through patient records and interviews and were subject to quantitative analysis. Based on the obtained results and in accordance with literature, factors that are strongly associated with the occurrence of pregnancy repetition were selected in the adolescents' profiles. These are: early menarche; first sexual intercourse shortly after menarche; school repetition; school dropout; non remunerated occupation; low family income; involvement with older partners; living with the partner; consensual union with the partner; one partner; low condom use; family history of adolescent pregnancy; father's absence because of death or abandonment; positive family reaction to previous pregnancy; previous abortion; adolescent's positive concepts about previous delivery; and absence from previous postpartum consultations.
Perfil de adolescentes com repetiçăo da gravidez atendidas num ambulatório de pré-natal / Profile of adolescents with repeated pregnancies attended at a prenatal clinic / Perfil de las adolescentes con repetición del embarazo atendidas en un ambulatorio de prenatal
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Lia, Persona; Antonieta Keiko Kakuda, Shimo; Maria Celina, Tarallo.
Full Text Available Este trabalho identificou o perfil biopsicossocial das adolescentes com repetiçăo da gravidez, atendidas num ambulatório de pré-natal. Os dados obtidos através do prontuário médico e entrevista foram analisados quantitativamente. Através dos resultados encontrados e de acordo com a literatura, foram [...] selecionados, do perfil das adolescentes, fatores mais fortemente associados ŕ ocorręncia da repetiçăo da gravidez. Săo eles: menarca precoce, primeira relaçăo sexual após curto intervalo da menarca, repetęncia escolar, abandono escolar, ausęncia de ocupaçăo remunerada, baixa renda familiar, envolvimento com parceiros mais velhos, residir com o parceiro, uniăo consensual com o parceiro, um parceiro fixo, baixo uso de condon, história familiar de gravidez na adolescęncia, ausęncia do pai por morte ou abandono, reaçăo positiva da família ŕ gravidez anterior, aborto anterior, parto anterior bem conceituado pela adolescente, e ausęncia ŕ revisăo pós-parto anterior. Abstract in spanish Este trabajo identificó el perfil biopsicosocial de las adolescentes con repetición del embarazo, atendidas en un ambulatorio de prenatal. Los datos obtenidos por medio del prontuario médico y entrevista, fueron analizados cuantitativamente. Por medio de los resultados y de acuerdo con la literatura [...] , fueron seleccionados, entre los perfiles de las adolescentes, factores más fuertemente asociados a la ocurrencia de la repetición del embarazo. Ellos son: menarca precoz; primera relación sexual tras corto intervalo de la menarca; repetición escolar; abandono escolar; ausencia de ocupación remunerada; baja renta familiar; envolvimiento con parejas más viejas; residir con la pareja; unión consensual con la pareja; pareja fija; bajo uso de condón; historia familiar de embarazo en la adolescencia; ausencia del padre por muerte o abandono; reacción positiva de la familia al embarazo anterior; aborto anterior; parto anterior bien conceptuado por la adolescente; y ausencia a la revisión pos-parto anterior. Abstract in english This study identified the biopsychosocial profile of adolescent with repeated pregnancies, who were attended at a prenatal clinic. Data were collected through patient records and interviews and were subject to quantitative analysis. Based on the obtained results and in accordance with literature, fa [...] ctors that are strongly associated with the occurrence of pregnancy repetition were selected in the adolescents' profiles. These are: early menarche; first sexual intercourse shortly after menarche; school repetition; school dropout; non remunerated occupation; low family income; involvement with older partners; living with the partner; consensual union with the partner; one partner; low condom use; family history of adolescent pregnancy; father's absence because of death or abandonment; positive family reaction to previous pregnancy; previous abortion; adolescent's positive concepts about previous delivery; and absence from previous postpartum consultations.
Migration and Father Absence: Shifting Family Structure in Mexico
Nobles, Jenna
Despite many changing demographic processes in Mexico—declining adult mortality, rising divorce, and rising nonmarital fertility—Mexican children's family structure has been most affected by rising migration rates. Data from five national surveys spanning three decades demonstrate that since 1976, migration has shifted from the least common to the most common form of father household absence. Presently, more than 1 in 5 children experience a father's migration by age 15; 1 in 11 exper...
Stress among Fathers of Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Mitchell, Stephanie J.; Hilliard, Marisa E.; Mednick, Lauren; Henderson, Celia; Cogen, Fran R.; Streisand, Randi
Although fathers' stress has been shown to have important implications for children's health and well-being, few studies of children with type 1 diabetes have considered paternal parenting stress. The current study contributes to the literature by exploring correlates of fathers' pediatric parenting stress in a sample of young children with type 1 diabetes. Forty-three fathers of children 2–6 years old with type 1 diabetes completed self-report questionnaires examining pediatric paren...
Subsequent impaired fertility (with or without sperm worsening) in men who had fathered children after a left varicocelectomy: A novel population?
Cavallini, Giorgio; Beretta, Giovanni; Biagiotti, Giulio; Mallus, Roberto; Maretti, Carlo; Pescatori, Edoardo; Paulis, Gianni
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to assess whether the beneficial effects of a varicocelectomy on fertility are transitory or definitive after a first fathering. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study which involved seven andrological centers. The files of 2223 patients who underwent subinguinal ligation of a high grade left varicocele for (oligo)±(astheno)±(terato)-spermia and infertility between January 1st, 2002 and January 1st 2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for the patients were the following: Sperm count improvement and fathering a child after an uneventful left varicocelectomy; 745 patients were considered. Patients who had undergone three assessments for (in-) fertility: Before surgery, before the first fathering and after the first fathering were included in the study. Each assessment included: Clinical history, physical examination, two sperm analyses, bilateral scrotal Duplex scans, blood hormonal levels [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL)]. Results: Forty patients were finally studied; they all had an improved sperm count and had fathered once after surgery. Fifteen had fathered twice and still had their sperm count increased after the second fathering. Twenty-five patients could not father twice; 13 patients had their sperm count decreased after the first fathering and 12 did not. A decrease in testicular volume and an increase in FSH paralleled the worsening of sperm concentration, motility and morphology after fathering. No other differences could be observed between the groups. Conclusions: Our data indicated that the beneficial effects of a varicocelectomy might be transitory in some cases. PMID:25657551
Fathers' rights groups: demographic correlates and impact on custody policy.
Rosen, Leora N; Dragiewicz, Molly; Gibbs, Jennifer C
This article combines information from fathers' rights Web sites with demographic, historical, and other information to provide an empirically based analysis of fathers' rights advocacy in the United States. Content analysis discerns three factors that are central to the groups' rhetoric: representing domestic violence allegations as false, promoting presumptive joint custody and decreasing child support, and portraying women as perpetrators of domestic abuse. Fathers' rights organizations and themes are examined in relation to state-level demographics and custody policy. The implications of fathers' rights activism for battered women and their children are explored. PMID:19255420
Responsiveness of cerebral and hepatic cytochrome P450s in rat offspring prenatally exposed to lindane
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
ABSTRACT: Prenatal exposure to low doses of lindane has been shown to affect the ontogeny of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYPs), involved in the metabolism and neurobehavioral toxicity of lindane. Attempts were made in the present study to investigate the responsiveness of CYPs in offspring prenatally exposed to lindane (0.25 mg/kg b. wt.; 1/350th of LD50; p. o. to mother) when challenged with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) or phenobarbital (PB), inducers of CYP1A and 2B families or a sub-convulsant dose of lindane (30 mg/kg b. wt., p. o.) later in life. Prenatal exposure to lindane was found to produce an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B1, 2B2 isoforms in brain and liver of the offspring at postnatal day 50. The increased expression of the CYPs in the offspring suggests the sensitivity of the CYPs during postnatal development, possibly, to low levels of lindane, which may partition into mother's milk. A higher increase in expression of CYP1A and 2B isoenzymes and their catalytic activity was observed in animals pretreated prenatally with lindane and challenged with MC (30 mg/kg, i. p. x 5 days) or PB (80 mg/kg, i. p. x 5 days) when young at age (approx. 7 weeks) compared to animals exposed to MC or PB alone. Further, challenge of the control and prenatally exposed offspring with a single sub-convulsant dose of lindane resulted in an earlier onset and increased incidence of convulsions in the offspring prenatally exposeulsions in the offspring prenatally exposed to lindane have demonstrated sensitivity of the CYPs in the prenatally exposed offspring. Our data assume significance as the subtle changes in the expression profiles of hepatic and cerebral CYPs in rat offspring during postnatal development could modify the adult response to a later exposure to xenobiotics
Fathers Are Important People: A Study of Father-Son Sexual Communication
DiIorio, Colleen; Lehr, Sally; Wasserman, Jill L.; Eichler, Michelle; Cherry, Chauncey; Denzmore, Pamela
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived role of African-American fathers in educating their sons about sex and HIV prevention. Given that some studies have shown a relationship between parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent sexual behavior, and the disproportionately high rates of teen pregnancy and HIV (and other…
Fathering to Ensure Child's Success: What Urban Indian Fathers Do?
Sriram, Rajalakshmi; Sandhu, Gurprit Kaur
In a globalizing urban India, middle-class parents are extremely anxious about their child's success and future in a competitive world. In this context, the present article attempts to capture middle-class educated Indian fathers' thoughts, feelings, and contributions in ensuring children's success, through primary research…
Pai syndrome: challenging prenatal diagnosis and management
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blouet, Marie [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Department of Radiology, Caen (France); University of Lower Normandie, Caen (France); Belloy, Frederique [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Department of Radiology, Caen (France); Jeanne-Pasquier, Corinne [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Department of Pathology, Caen (France); Leporrier, Nathalie [University of Lower Normandie, Caen (France); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Department of Genetics, Caen (France); Benoist, Guillaume [University of Lower Normandie, Caen (France); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pole Femmes-Enfants, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen (France)
Pai syndrome is a rare disorder that includes midline cleft lip, pericallosal lipoma and cutaneous polyp of the face. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis using sonography and MRI. We emphasize the importance of facial examination with prenatal association of midline cleft lip and pericallosal lipoma in making the diagnosis of Pai syndrome. (orig.)
Prenatal Maternal Stress Programs Infant Stress Regulation
Davis, Elysia Poggi; Glynn, Laura M.; Waffarn, Feizal; Sandman, Curt A.
Objective: Prenatal exposure to inappropriate levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) and maternal stress are putative mechanisms for the fetal programming of later health outcomes. The current investigation examined the influence of prenatal maternal cortisol and maternal psychosocial stress on infant physiological and behavioral responses to stress.…
Improved prenatal detection of chromosomal anomalies
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
FrŘslev-Friis, Christina; Hjort-Pedersen, Karina
Prenatal screening for karyotype anomalies takes place in most European countries. In Denmark, the screening method was changed in 2005. The aim of this study was to study the trends in prevalence and prenatal detection rates of chromosome anomalies and Down syndrome (DS) over a 22-year period.
Introducing WISECONDOR for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics.
Straver, Roy; Sistermans, Erik A; Reinders, Marcel J T
Noninvasive prenatal testing is a relatively new screening method for the detection of fetal chromosome abnormalities using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of fetal DNA in maternal blood. Recently, the introduction of a new tool called WIthin SamplE COpy Number aberration DetectOR (WISECONDOR) marked a new era in prenatal screening. WISECONDOR detects copy number aberrations at a resolution that is almost comparable to classic karyotyping and requires only shallow sequencing, making noninvasive prenatal screening cost-effective. This emphasizes the role of NGS in the daily clinical practice of prenatal diagnosis and will require reorganization of clinical genetics laboratories to accommodate NGS. For prenatal diagnostics, WISECONDOR introduces an exciting development that will substantially improve the information provided to pregnant couples regarding their fetus's wellbeing. PMID:24831532
Prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion.
Jenkins, T; Kromberg, J G
The Abortion and Sterilisation Act, 1975, has been in force for 1 year. Experience gained in the Johannesburg area in the operation of the Act with respect to termination of pregnancies for abnormalities of the unborn child, is outlined. Relatively few abortions have, in fact, been carried out for this reason, but the number is likely to increase. Prenatal diagnosis of disease in the fetus, although not possible in all cases, has greatly facilitated the management of families in which a child with a heritable disorder may be born. PMID:137537
Prenatal exposition on ionizing radiations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The Sessions on Prenatal Exposition on Ionizing Radiations was organized by the Argentine Radioprotection Society, in Buenos Aires, between 8 and 9, November 2001. In this event, were presented papers on: biological effects of ionizing radiation; the radiation protection and the pregnant woman; embryo fetal development and its relationship with the responsiveness to teratogens; radioinduced delayed mental; neonatal irradiation: neurotoxicity and modulation of pharmacological response; pre implanted mouse embryos as a model of uranium toxicity studies; hereditary effects of the radiation and new advances from the UNSCEAR 2001; doses estimation in embryo
Biological Effects after Prenatal Irradiation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Streffer, C.
A Task Group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has finished a report Biological Effects after Prenatal Irradiation (Embryo and Fetus) which has been approved by the Main Commission and Will be Published. Some new important scientific data shall be discussed in this contribution. During the preimplantation period lethality of the mammalian embryo is the dominating radiation effect. However, in mouse strains with genetic predispositions it has been shown that also malformations can be caused. This effect is genetically determined and its mechanisms is different from the induction of malformations during major organogenesis. Radiation exposures during this prenatal period leads ato an increase of genomic instability of cells in the normal appearing fetuses. These radiation effects can be transmitted to the next generation. A renewed analysis of individuals with severe mental retardation after exposures during the 8th to 15th week post conception in Hiroshima and Nagasaki gives evidence that a threshold dose exists for this effect around 300 mGy. This is supported by a number of experimental animal data which have been obtained from cellular and molecular investigations during the brain development. The data show the high radiosensitivity of the developing brain but also the various compensatory mechanisms and the enormous plasticity of these processes. The radiosensitivity varies strongly during the prenatal development. The highest sensitivity is found during the early and mid fetal period which is coinciding with weeks 8-15 post conception in humans. The lowest doses causing persistent damage are in the range of 100 to 300 mGy. For intelligence quotient scores a linear dose response model provides a satisfactory fit. From the experimental data it can be concluded that the fetal stage is most sensitive to the carcinogenic effect in comparison to the other prenatal stages. Such as clear situation cannot be obtained from the epidemiological studies with humans. in general the magnitude of cancer risk from in-utero exposures may be similar to that from radiation exposures in early childhood. This is especially the case when the follow-up is extended to adulthood. RBE values for fast neutrons as well as DREF values have been reported for various biological endpoints after exposures at various developmental stages. These will be discussed. (Author)
Back to basics: The 'Almighty Father' revisited
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Riet, Bons-Storm.
Full Text Available SciELO South Africa | Language: English Abstract in english The article focused on the questions of how male dominance came about in theology and the church, what makes it so persistent and what can be done. It argued that patriarchy is based on androcentric ways of thinking, feeling and acting that colour all of culture and society. Patriarchy and androcent [...] rism perpetuate the status quo through language. They provide a template for attributing meaning to reality. They still have a profound effect on theology and ecclesial institutions. This can be seen clearly in the concept of God, the 'Almighty Father'. The article made a case for a theology that has the courage to analyse how and where it idolises the patriarchal template and that imagines a God other than the patriarchal 'Almighty Father': a God who walks with Her or His friends in gracious, empowering love, not 'almighty' but honouring the responsibility She or He gave them. The article concludes that the life of Jesus as the human being who mirrors God's love, friendship and passion for justice inspires a different way of how God could be imagined.
Child neglect and oral health problems in offspring of substance-abusing fathers.
Mezzich, Ada C; Bretz, Walter A; Day, Bang-Shiuh; Corby, Patricia M; Kirisci, Levent; Swaney, Michelle; Cornelius, Jack R; Weyant, Robert J
This study examined (1) orodental (OD) problems in 10-19-year-old children of substance use disorder (SUD) (n = 127) and non-SUD fathers (n = 111) and (2) the moderating effect of child's substance use (SU) involvement in the associations of paternal SUD and neglectful parenting with OD problems in the offspring. The results showed that periodontal problems differentiated between groups and the interactions between child's SU involvement and paternal SUD and neglectful parenting were respectively associated with hard/soft tissue lesions and carious lesions in the offspring, indicating that SU involvement increases risk for OD due to paternal SUD and neglectful parenting. PMID:17882611
Public health nurse observations of behavioral characteristics of fathers who contribute to the emotional instability of mothers, as presented in cases of infant abuse
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Izumi Ueda
Full Text Available The objective of this study is to look at the understanding and perceptions of public health nurses (PHNs related to behavioral characteristics of fathers that contribute to emotional instability in mothers by reviewing abuse cases involving infants and very young children. A qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis, based on a semi-structured interview administered to three experienced PHNs who had been in charge of maternal and child health services for at least five years at a public health department or health center; with the data obtained in the interview narratives analyzed. In the observations of the experienced PHNs, the behavioral characteristics of fathers who are instigators of child abuse can be classified into five categories, fathers who are: "Talking to others about marital problems without attempting to solve these by themselves", "Working on learning about childcare seeking to correct childcare methods", "Taking the initiative in childcare at cross purposes with mothers", "Stressing the effort they (the fathers put into childcare", and "Failing to notice the own family situation and problems". The findings of the study suggest the necessity for PHNs to understand fathers, to be aware of the difficulty of building a supportive relationship with fathers, and to improve skills enabling the PHNs to help fathers form good relationships with other family members.
Prenatal diagnosis and management in fetuses with cystic hygromata colli.
Gembruch, U; Hansmann, M; Bald, R; Zerres, K; Schwanitz, G; Födisch, H J
We report on 45 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed bilateral cystic hygromata colli by ultrasound. Two of the 45 cases involved a twin pregnancy with only one fetus showing hygromata colli. In 2 cases there was only isolated hygromata colli. The other 43 cases showed the signs of non-immune hydrops fetalis. The cytogenetic findings were: 9 fetuses with Turner syndrome, 1 fetus with Turner mosaicism, 1 fetus with trisomy 18, 6 fetuses with trisomy 21, 12 fetuses with normal karyotype, and 16 fetuses with a failed chromosome culture. In fetuses with Turner syndrome and normal karyotype the sonographic findings were similar: massive bilateral hygromata colli, substantial fluid accumulations in skin and body cavities, oligohydramnios and intra-uterine growth retardation. In the cases with trisomy 21, the relative size of the hygromata colli was smaller. Intra-uterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios were not observed. The sole survivor of our group (elective pregnancy interruption: 30 cases; intra-uterine death: 14 cases) (karyotype: 46,XY) presented sonographically with massive ascites, a moderate cystic hygroma, and appropriate fetal development, and a normal amniotic fluid quantity. These findings are analysed in order to provide recommendations for prenatal diagnosis, prenatal management and genetic counselling of the couples concerned. PMID:3068081
Stop, Look and Listen, Single Fathers/Dads.
Dulaney, Sue
This guide, written for single fathers, is designed to give a quick, easy reference for parenting skills. The foreword states that the job of fathers is to know what information children need to make correct decisions in their lives and how to get the material to them in time for them to make the best "shot" and to win the game of life. Philosophy…
A Definition of Gender Role Conflict among Black Professional Fathers
Robinson, Ora
There is very little literature that depicts the parental role of Black professional fathers positively or that samples Black participants from the upper economic strata. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how Black professional fathers experience or perceive gender role conflict and identify clinical implications. Grounded in…
Father Contributions to Cortisol Responses in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Mills-Koonce, W. Roger; Garrett-Peters, Patricia; Barnett, Melissa; Granger, Douglas A.; Blair, Clancy; Cox, Martha J.
The current study is one of the first prospective examinations of longitudinal associations between observed father caregiving behaviors and child cortisol reactivity and regulation in response to emotional arousal. Observations of father and mother caregiving behaviors and child cortisol levels in response to challenges at 7 months and 24 months…
Professionals' Attributions of Censure in Father-Daughter Incest.
Johnson, Pauline A.; And Others
The study investigated variables relating to the attribution of censure by 99 teachers and 162 social workers to a 14-year-old victim of father-daughter incest, the father, and nonparticipating mother. Responses were influenced by the level of resistance, the girl's other sexual experiences, and respondents' sex and occupation. (Author/JDD)
Transmission of Proteus syndrome from father to son?
Goodship, J.; Redfearn, A.; Milligan, D.; Gardner-medwin, D.; Burn, J.
We present a male infant with cranial hemi-hypertrophy, a lymphangioma, a lipoma, and epidermal naevi. A diagnosis of Proteus syndrome was made. His father had had a large lymphangioma resected from the right side of the face as a child. We propose that Proteus syndrome has been transmitted from father to son.
Gay Men: Negotiating Procreative, Father, and Family Identities
Berkowitz, Dana; Marsiglio, William
Our qualitative study examines the social psychology of gay men's experiences with their procreative, father, and family identities. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 childless gay men and 20 gay men in the United States who have fathered using diverse means excluding heterosexual intercourse. By focusing on men aged 19-55 residing…
Increasing Fathers' Participation in Therapeutic Intervention Programs for Exceptional Children.
Revelj, Elizabeth O.
In response to a research review indicating that few programs address the father's role in early intervention and preschool programs for the young exceptional child, a three-month practicum was designed which included fathers in physical therapy sessions and in daily home exercise programming for their developmentally disabled children. Practicum…
Physical Punishment by Mothers and Fathers in British Homes.
Nobes, Gavin; Smith, Marjorie; Upton, Penney; Heverin, Andrea
British mothers (n=362) and fathers (n=103) of randomly selected children from 366 two-parent families were interviewed concerning physically punishing their children. The proportion of mothers and fathers who had used physical punishments were similar. Percentages of types and severity of punishments varied. These findings are discussed in…
Fathers' Roles in the Process of Talent Development
Lee, Seon-Young
In the process of children's talent development, fathers have been largely ignored compared to mothers who are mostly identified as the initial and primary influence for their children. Though modern fathers are becoming more engaged in childrearing and interacting more with their children and changes in family systems lead to new challenges and…
Fathers' Participation in the Care of their Preschool Children.
Baruch, Grace K.; Barnett, Rosalind C.
Fathers' independent performance of child-care tasks was: (1) positively related to maternal work role and nontraditional sex role ideology; and (2) negatively related to daughters' stereotyping and to fathers' perceptions of themselves as stereotypically masculine. Wives' role-pattern satisfaction was negatively related to both joint and…
Identification with the Father and Peer Intimacy of the Daughter.
Heilbrun, Alfred B., Jr.
Presents two studies on the effects of father identification on the sex role and peer intimacy of college-age daughters (N=221). The first concerns the masculinizing quality of a strong primary father identification and the daughter's diminished heterosexual orientation. The second explores the role of empathic skill in distinguishing between the…
A Community Support Group for Single Custodial Fathers.
Tedder, Sandra L.; And Others
Discusses a five-session group experience within the context of establishing a support group for single custodial fathers. Includes topics of dating, remarriage, homemaking and house maintenance, and the effects of divorce on children. A follow-up showed fathers appreciated the sense of community and specific information and coping strategies.…
Mothers, Fathers, Daughters, Sons: Gender Differences in Autobiographical Reminiscing.
Reese, Elaine; And Others
Presents a longitudinal examination of children as they reminisce with their mothers and fathers. The investigation regards differences between mothers and fathers in the way they continue to structure conversations with their children about the past. The article also explores bidirectional influences operating in these conversations. (30…
Father for the first time - development and validation of a questionnaire to assess fathers' experiences of first childbirth (FTFQ
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Premberg Ĺsa
Full Text Available Abstract Background A father's experience of the birth of his first child is important not only for his birth-giving partner but also for the father himself, his relationship with the mother and the newborn. No validated questionnaire assessing first-time fathers' experiences during childbirth is currently available. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess first-time fathers' experiences of childbirth. Method Domains and items were initially derived from interviews with first-time fathers, and supplemented by a literature search and a focus group interview with midwives. The comprehensibility, comprehension and relevance of the items were evaluated by four paternity research experts and a preliminary questionnaire was pilot tested in eight first-time fathers. A revised questionnaire was completed by 200 first-time fathers (response rate?=?81% Exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed and multitrait scaling analysis was used to test scaling assumptions. External validity was assessed by means of known-groups analysis. Results Factor analysis yielded four factors comprising 22 items and accounting 48% of the variance. The domains found were Worry, Information, Emotional support and Acceptance. Multitrait analysis confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the domains; however, Cronbach's alpha did not meet conventional reliability standards in two domains. The questionnaire was sensitive to differences between groups of fathers hypothesized to differ on important socio demographic or clinical variables. Conclusions The questionnaire adequately measures important dimensions of first-time fathers' childbirth experience and may be used to assess aspects of fathers' experiences during childbirth. To obtain the FTFQ and permission for its use, please contact the corresponding author.
Diagnóstico prenatal de catarata congénita
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Elena, De Diego Allué; Ricardo, Savirón Cornudella; Mercedes, Odriozola Grijalba; Diego, Lerma Puertas; Tanit, Corbacho Garza; M. Aranzazu, Pérez Íńigo.
Full Text Available SciELO Chile | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish La catarata congénita (CC) es una patología poco frecuente en nuestro medio frente a los países en desarrollo donde constituye la etiología más frecuente de ceguera infantil. La prevención de deterioro visual debido a esta patología es parte del programa de la OMS cuyo objetivo es la eliminación de [...] ceguera evitable en el ańo 2020. Presentamos el caso de una gestante en la que el diagnóstico prenatal se realizó en la ecografía morfológica. Si somos capaces de realizar este diagnóstico podremos evitar el deterioro precoz de la función visual del recién nacido. Así, la identificación de ambos cristalinos debe de formar parte de las estructuras a reconocer de forma obligada en la ecografía morfológica. Abstract in english Congenital cataract is a rare disease in our environment opposite developing countries where it is the most frequent etiology of childhood blindness. Prevention of visual impairment due to this pathology is a part of the WHO programme whose objective is the elimination of avoidable blindness by the [...] year 2020. We present the case of a pregnant woman that prenatal diagnosis was made on mid- trimester ultrasound. If we are able to perform this diagnosis, we will be able to prevent early deterioration of visual function of the newborn. Thus, identification of both crystalline should be part of the structures to recognize in the mid- trimester ultrasound.
Effects after prenatal radiation exposures
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The mammalian organism is highly radiosensitive during all prenatal developmental periods. For most effects a dose relationship with a threshold is observed. These threshold doses are generally above the exposures from medical diagnostic procedures. The quality and extent of radiation effects are very much dependent on the developmental stage during which an exposure takes place and on the radiation dose. An exposure during the preimplantation period will cause lethality. Malformations are usually induced after exposures during the major organogenesis. Growth retardation is also possible during the late organogenesis and foetal periods. The lower limits of threshold doses for these effects are in the range of 100 mGy. A radiation exposure during the early foetal period can lead to severe mental retardation and impairment of intelligence. There are very serious effects with radiation doses above 0.3 Gy. Carcinogenesis can apparently occur after radiation exposures during the total prenatal development period. The radiation risk factor up to now has not been clear, but it seems that it is in the range of risk factors for cancer that are observed after exposures during childhood. For radiation doses that are used in radiological diagnostics the risk is zero or very low. A termination of pregnancy after doses below 100 mGy should not be considered. (author)
The Constitutionality of a Biological Father's Recognition as a Parent
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A Louw
Full Text Available Despite the increased recognition afforded to biological fathers as legal parents, the Children's Act 38 of 2005 still does not treat fathers on the same basis as mothers as far as the automatic allocation of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned. This article investigates the constitutionality of the differential treatment of fathers in this respect, given South Africa's international obligations, especially in terms of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, to ensure that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing of their child. After a brief consideration of the constitutionality of the mother's position as parent, the constitutionality of the father's position is investigated, firstly, with reference to Section 9 of the Constitution and the question of whether the differentiation between mothers and fathers as far as the allocation of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned, amounts to unfair discrimination. The inquiry also considers whether the differentiation between committed fathers (that is, those who have shown the necessary commitment in terms of Sections 20 and 21 of the Children's Act to acquire parental responsibilities and rights and uncommitted fathers may amount to discrimination on an unspecified ground. Since the limitation of the father's rights to equality may be justifiable, the outcomes of both inquiries are shown to be inconclusive. Finally, the legal position of the father is considered in relation to the child's constitutional rights – the rights to parental care and the right of the child to the paramountcy of its interests embodied in Section 28 of the Constitution. While there appears to be some justification for the limitation of the child's right to committed paternal care, it is submitted that an equalisation of the legal position of mothers and fathers as far as the automatic acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned, is not only justified but imperative if the constitutional rights of children are to be advanced and protected.
The constitutionality of a biological father's recognition as a parent
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
A, Louw.
Full Text Available SciELO South Africa | Language: English Abstract in english Despite the increased recognition afforded to biological fathers as legal parents, the Children's Act still does not treat fathers on the same basis as mothers as far as the automatic allocation of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned. This article investigates the constitutionality of [...] the differential treatment of fathers in this respect, given South Africa's international obligations, especially in terms of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, to ensure that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing of their child. After a brief consideration of the constitutionality of the mother's position as parent, the constitutionality of the father's position is investigated, firstly, with reference to Section 9 of the Constitution and the question of whether the differentiation between mothers and fathers as far as the allocation of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned, amounts to unfair discrimination. The inquiry also considers whether the differentiation between committed fathers (that is, those who have shown the necessary commitment in terms of Sections 20 and 21 of the Children's Act to acquire parental responsibilities and rights) and uncommitted fathers may amount to discrimination on an unspecified ground. Since the limitation of the father's rights to equality may be justifiable, the outcomes of both inquiries are shown to be inconclusive. Finally, the legal position of the father is considered in relation to the child's constitutional rights - the rights to parental care and the right of the child to the paramountcy of its interests embodied in Section 28 of the Constitution. While there appears to be some justification for the limitation of the child's right to committed paternal care, it is submitted that an equalisation of the legal position of mothers and fathers as far as the automatic acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights is concerned, is not only justified but imperative if the constitutional rights of children are to be advanced and protected.
Responsiveness of cerebral and hepatic cytochrome P450s in rat offspring prenatally exposed to lindane.
Johri, Ashu; Yadav, Sanjay; Dhawan, Alok; Parmar, Devendra
Prenatal exposure to low doses of lindane has been shown to affect the ontogeny of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYPs), involved in the metabolism and neurobehavioral toxicity of lindane. Attempts were made in the present study to investigate the responsiveness of CYPs in offspring prenatally exposed to lindane (0.25 mg/kg b. wt.; 1/350th of LD(50); p. o. to mother) when challenged with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) or phenobarbital (PB), inducers of CYP1A and 2B families or a sub-convulsant dose of lindane (30 mg/kg b. wt., p. o.) later in life. Prenatal exposure to lindane was found to produce an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B1, 2B2 isoforms in brain and liver of the offspring at postnatal day 50. The increased expression of the CYPs in the offspring suggests the sensitivity of the CYPs during postnatal development, possibly, to low levels of lindane, which may partition into mother's milk. A higher increase in expression of CYP1A and 2B isoenzymes and their catalytic activity was observed in animals pretreated prenatally with lindane and challenged with MC (30 mg/kg, i. p. x 5 days) or PB (80 mg/kg, i. p. x 5 days) when young at age (approx. 7 weeks) compared to animals exposed to MC or PB alone. Further, challenge of the control and prenatally exposed offspring with a single sub-convulsant dose of lindane resulted in an earlier onset and increased incidence of convulsions in the offspring prenatally exposed to lindane have demonstrated sensitivity of the CYPs in the prenatally exposed offspring. Our data assume significance as the subtle changes in the expression profiles of hepatic and cerebral CYPs in rat offspring during postnatal development could modify the adult response to a later exposure to xenobiotics. PMID:18486174
Prenatal diagnosis for Huntington's disease: a molecular and psychological study.
Spurdle, A; Kromberg, J; Rosendorff, J; Jenkins, T
Two linked probes were used to determine the Huntington's disease status of the fetus conceived by a woman affected with the condition. The fetus was found to be unaffected with a certainty of 97 per cent. The ethical issues associated with presymptomatic testing were avoided since the mother presented with initial symptoms of Huntington's disease, but other psychological and ethical issues arose. The concerns of an affected woman planning a pregnancy, and the dilemmas involved in decision-making regarding prenatal diagnosis and possible selective abortion were exposed and explored with the patient and her husband. PMID:1674823
Prologue: Understanding Children Who Have Been Affected by Maltreatment and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Hyter, Yvette D.
This prologue introduces an important topic for multiple disciplines involved with children and their families. This introduction includes a review of some of the current literature on the effects of maltreatment and prenatal alcohol exposure on child development, an explanation of why this topic is essential learning for communication…
Situs anomalies on prenatal MRI
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Objective: Situs anomalies refer to an abnormal organ arrangement, which may be associated with severe errors of development. Due regard being given to prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to ultrasonography (US), this study sought to demonstrate the in utero visualization of situs anomalies on MRI, compared to US. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 12 fetuses with situs anomalies depicted on fetal MRI using prenatal US as a comparison modality. With an MRI standard protocol, the whole fetus was assessed for anomalies, with regard to the position and morphology of the following structures: heart; venous drainage and aorta; stomach and intestines; liver and gallbladder; and the presence and number of spleens. Results: Situs inversus totalis was found in 3/12 fetuses; situs inversus with levocardia in 1/12 fetuses; situs inversus abdominis in 2/12 fetuses; situs ambiguous with polysplenia in 3/12 fetuses, and with asplenia in 2/12 fetuses; and isolated dextrocardia in 1/12 fetuses. Congenital heart defects (CHDs), vascular anomalies, and intestinal malrotations were the most frequent associated malformations. In 5/12 cases, the US and MRI diagnoses were concordant. Compared to US, in 7/12 cases, additional MRI findings specified the situs anomaly, but CHDs were only partially visualized in six cases. Conclusions: Our initial MRI results demonstrate the visualization of situs anomalies and associated malformations in utero, which associated malformations in utero, which may provide important information for perinatal management. Using a standard protocol, MRI may identify additional findings, compared to US, which confirm and specify the situs anomaly, but, with limited MRI visualization of fetal CHDs.
Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Focal Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Ryu, Jung Kyu; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Choi, Jong Sun
Focal musculoskeletal anomalies vary, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or be accompanied by numerous other conditions such as genetic disorders, karyotype abnormalities, central nervous system anomalies and other skeletal anomalies. Isolated focal musculoskeletal anomaly does, however, also occur; its early prenatal diagnosis is important in deciding prenatal care, and also helps in counseling parents about the postnatal effects of numerous possible associated anomalies. We have encount...
Prenatal Depression Effects and Interventions: A Review
Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Hernandez-reif, Maria
This review covers research on the negative effects of prenatal depression and cortisol on fetal growth, prematurity and low birthweight. Although prenatal depression and cortisol were typically measured at around 20 weeks gestation, other research suggests the stability of depression and cortisol levels across pregnancy. Women with Dysthymia as compared to Major Depression Disorder had higher cortisol levels, and their newborns had lower gestational age and birthweight. The cortisol effects ...
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital lung malformations
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Alamo, Leonor; Gudinchet, Francois; Meuli, Reto [Centre Hospitaliere Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Unit of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne (Switzerland); Reinberg, Olivier [Centre Hospitaliere Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lausanne (Switzerland); Vial, Yvan; Francini, Katyuska [Centre Hospitaliere Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lausanne (Switzerland); Osterheld, Maria-Chiara [Centre Hospitaliere Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Department of Pathology, Lausanne (Switzerland)
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital lung anomalies has increased in recent years as imaging methods have benefitted from technical improvements. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate typical imaging findings of a wide spectrum of congenital lung anomalies on prenatal US and MRI. Moreover, we propose an algorithm based on imaging findings to facilitate the differential diagnosis, and suggest a follow-up algorithm during pregnancy and in the immediate postnatal period. (orig.)
Locus of control and prenatal depression
Richardson, Amber; Field, Tiffany; Newton, Rae; Bendell, Debra
Prenatal depression is a significant predictor of postpartum depression and is detrimental to fetal development. Locus of control was examined in this study as a potential predictor of prenatal depression. 133 rural pregnant women recruited from obstetricians' offices completed the Levenson Scale on Locus of Control and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple regression analysis indicated that after controlling for previous or current mental health problems, the External Locus of...
Noninvasive Prenatal Measurement of the Fetal Genome
Fan, H. Christina; Gu, Wei; Wang, Jianbin; Blumenfeld, Yair J.; El-sayed, Yasser Y.; Quake, Stephen R.
The vast majority of prenatal genetic testing requires invasive sampling. Since this poses a risk to the fetus, one must make a decision that weighs the desire for genetic information against the risk of an adverse outcome due to hazards of the testing process. These issues are not required to be coupled, and it would be desirable to discover genetic information about the fetus without incurring a health risk. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to noninvasively sequence the entire prenat...
Relationship between a father and a child after divorce
Traven, Jerneja
Nowadays, there are a lot of divorces and consequently children, who live with one of the parents and have occasional contacts with the other one. In my diploma I want to find out what kind of relationship father and a child have after divorce, father's feelings about that relationship and the conseqences of this relationship for a father and a child. Parents decide to divorce because of different reasons. After divorce a child lives with only one parent, meanwhile he rarely sees the other on...
First-Time Fathers and Stressors in the Postpartum Period
Pollock, Melissa Amanti; Amankwaa, Linda C.; Amankwaa, Adansi A.
The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the everyday stressors of first-time fathers during the postpartum period and to begin the process of establishing reliability and validity for the use of the Everyday Stressors Index with a sample of first-time fathers. A convenience sample of 19 participants included first-time fathers ranging in age from 18 to 45 years and mostly living in medium-sized cities. The results indicated that factors such as a feeling of not having enough time for t...
Characterization of the cognitive impairments induced by prenatal exposure to stress in the rat
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Full Text Available We have previously shown that male rats exposed to gestational stress exhibit phenotypes resembling what is observed in schizophrenia, including hypersensitivity to amphetamine, blunted sensory gating, disrupted social behavior, impaired stress axis regulation, and aberrant prefrontal expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes among children, as well as an increased risk for developing schizophrenia, which is characterized by significant cognitive deficits. We sought to characterize the long-term cognitive outcome of prenatal stress using a preclinical paradigm, which is readily amenable to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Rats exposed to repeated variable prenatal stress during the third week of gestation were evaluated using a battery of cognitive tests, including the novel object recognition task, cued and contextual fear conditioning, the Morris water maze, and iterative versions of a paradigm in which working and reference memory for both objects and spatial locations can be assessed (the 'Can Test'. Prenatally stressed males were impaired relative to controls on each of these tasks, confirming the face validity of this preclinical paradigm and extending the cognitive implications of prenatal stress exposure beyond the hippocampus. Interestingly, in experiments where both sexes were included, the performance of females was found to be less affected by prenatal stress compared to that of males. This could be related to the finding that women are less vulnerable than men to schizophrenia, and merits further investigation.
Differential neural responses to child and sexual stimuli in human fathers and non-fathers and their hormonal correlates
Mascaro, Jennifer S.; Hackett, Patrick D.; Rilling, James K.
Despite the well-documented importance of paternal caregiving for positive child development, little is known about the neural changes that accompany the transition to fatherhood in humans, or about how changes in hormone levels affect paternal brain function. We compared fathers of children aged 1–2 with non-fathers in terms of hormone levels (oxytocin and testosterone), neural responses to child picture stimuli, and neural responses to visual sexual stimuli. Compared to non-fathers, fathers had significantly higher levels of plasma oxytocin and lower levels of plasma testosterone. In response to child picture stimuli, fathers showed stronger activation than non-fathers within regions important for face emotion processing (caudal middle frontal gyrus [MFG]), mentalizing (temporo-parietal junction [TPJ]) and reward processing (medial orbitofrontal cortex [mOFC]). On the other hand, non-fathers had significantly stronger neural responses to sexually provocative images in regions important for reward and approach-related motivation (dorsal caudate and nucleus accumbens). Testosterone levels were negatively correlated with responses to child stimuli in the MFG. Surprisingly, neither testosterone nor oxytocin levels predicted neural responses to sexual stimuli. Our results suggest that the decline in testosterone that accompanies the transition to fatherhood may be important for augmenting empathy toward children. PMID:24882167
Prenatal imaging of amniotic band sequence: utility and role of fetal MRI as an adjunct to prenatal US
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Neuman, Jeremy [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Staten Island University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Staten Island, NY (United States); Calvo-Garcia, Maria A.; Kline-Fath, Beth M.; Bitters, Constance; Merrow, Arnold C.; Guimaraes, Carolina V.A. [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Lim, Foong-Yen [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati, OH (United States)
Amniotic band sequence and its US manifestations have been well-described. There is little information, however, regarding the accuracy and utility of fetal MRI. To describe the MRI findings in amniotic band sequence and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and US. Prenatal MRI and US studies were retrospectively reviewed in 14 consecutive pregnancies with confirmed amniotic band sequence. Both studies were evaluated for amniotic band visualization, body part affected, type of deformity, umbilical cord involvement and vascular abnormality. Amniotic bands were confidently identified with MRI in 8 fetuses (57%), suggested with MRI in 3 fetuses (21%) and confidently seen by US in 13 fetuses (93%). Neither modality detected surgically proven bands on one fetus. Both techniques were equally able to define the body part affected and the type of deformity. At least one limb abnormality was visualized in all cases and truncal involvement was present in two cases. Cord involvement was identified in seven cases, with one case detected only by MRI. Fetal MRI is able to visualize amniotic bands and their secondary manifestations and could be complementary to prenatal US when fetal surgery is contemplated. (orig.)
Prenatal imaging of amniotic band sequence: utility and role of fetal MRI as an adjunct to prenatal US
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Amniotic band sequence and its US manifestations have been well-described. There is little information, however, regarding the accuracy and utility of fetal MRI. To describe the MRI findings in amniotic band sequence and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and US. Prenatal MRI and US studies were retrospectively reviewed in 14 consecutive pregnancies with confirmed amniotic band sequence. Both studies were evaluated for amniotic band visualization, body part affected, type of deformity, umbilical cord involvement and vascular abnormality. Amniotic bands were confidently identified with MRI in 8 fetuses (57%), suggested with MRI in 3 fetuses (21%) and confidently seen by US in 13 fetuses (93%). Neither modality detected surgically proven bands on one fetus. Both techniques were equally able to define the body part affected and the type of deformity. At least one limb abnormality was visualized in all cases and truncal involvement was present in two cases. Cord involvement was identified in seven cases, with one case detected only by MRI. Fetal MRI is able to visualize amniotic bands and their secondary manifestations and could be complementary to prenatal US when fetal surgery is contemplated. (orig.)
Father's and their children`s life goals in the context of Self-Determination Theory
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Ewa Wojtowicz
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to examine the similarities and differences in goals valuation in father's and children's life. According to the motivative Self-Determination Theory (Deci, Ryan, 2000 the aspirations were divided into two groups: external goals (i.e. finance, power, fame and internal goals (i.e. affiliation and prosocial goals. The results suggest that teens, unlike their fathers, estimate higher affiliation goals. The report also shows (in both groups relations between three categories of goals: prosocial, close relationships and self- acceptance.
A Father's Interactions with His Toddler: Personal and Professional Lessons for Early Childhood Educators
Appl, Dolores J.; Brown, Shannon; Stone, Michael
In this article a university professor, former student, and father describe the father's interactions with his toddler-age son within a parent-child playgroup. The authors discuss the important role of fathers, what they learned from observing the father interact with his son, and implications for teachers and other professionals.
Jacques Joseph: Father of modern aesthetic surgery
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Bhattacharya Surajit
Full Text Available When we review the history of modern aesthetic surgery, a name that stands out as bright as a beacon and precious as gold is undoubtedly that of Jacques Joseph. A surgeon, par excellence, far ahead of his time, who chose to think out of the box, Joseph, despite all odds set out to give respectability to Aesthetic Surgery without depriving it of any scientific core values. By his words and deeds proved beyond doubt that only the very best in the field of reconstructive surgery, can visualize the hidden perfection in imperfection and formulate a treatment plan and a surgical strategy to achieve that elusive perfection. The rich surgical literature that he has left behind, the wealth of surgical instruments that he had designed and above all a way of thinking that he propagated, that aesthetic surgery is not frivolous but very serious endeavor, and treating the psychology of the patient is as important as treating his disease, undoubtedly makes him the revered ?Father of Modern Aesthetic Surgery?.
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Yolanda De La CRUZ
Full Text Available We all build our own houses of wisdom, each of us; we cannot build them for each other. Teachers cannot simply invite students into their "houses of wisdom," but can often find ways to help learners to enter and explore their own minds. While Constructivism has had a positive impact on the teaching and learning of literacy mathematics instruction continues to rely heavily on rote memorization and drills. As a young child, I learned to love math. My love of math stems from learning math with my father. He did not focus on rote memorization and drills. The primary emphasis was for a real purpose. My self-confidence was enforced when he started me out with problems that were less difficult and had many different solutions. These solutions were valued and respected, which allowed me to trust in my own problem solving abilities. How can we hope to lead children to the thresholds of their own minds when we remain intent on forcing them into our 'houses of wisdom'? What alternative ways can we devise of interacting with children that respect their confidence and leave intact their levels of understanding, that lead them to the thresholds of their own minds excited about entering?
The Evolution of Altruistic Preferences: Mothers versus Fathers
Alger, Ingela; Cox, Donald
What can evolutionary biology tell us about male-female differences in preferences concerning family matters? Might mothers be more solicitous toward offspring than fathers, for example? The economics literature has documented gender differences—children benefit more from money put in the hands of mothers rather than fathers, for example—and these differences are thought to be partly due to preferences. Yet for good reason family economics is mostly concerned with how prices and incomes a...
Exploring fathers' perceptions of parenting a child with Asperger syndrome
O Halloran, Maeve; Sweeney, John; Doody, Owen
This study explores Irish fathers' perceptions of parenting a child with Asperger syndrome (AS). Ethical approval was granted by the service provider, and Husserlian phenomenological approach facilitated the exploration. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of nine fathers in the West region of Ireland. Data were transcribed and analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) method. The study highlighted that parenting a child with AS is an arduous task, but while there...
Sleep Patterns and Fatigue in New Mothers and Fathers
Gay, Caryl L.; Lee, Kathryn A.; Lee, Shih-yu
The purpose of this study was to describe the sleep patterns and fatigue of both mothers and fathers before and after childbirth. The authors used wrist actigraphy and questionnaires to estimate sleep and fatigue in 72 couples during their last month of pregnancy and 1st month postpartum. Both parents experienced more sleep disruption at night during the postpartum period as compared to the last month of pregnancy. Compared to fathers, with their stable 24-h sleep patterns over time, mothers ...
Fathers' childcare: The difference between participation and amount of time
Reich, Nora
The main research question of this article is whether and how predictors of fathers' participation in childcare, defined as zero versus more than zero minutes of childcare, differ from predictors of participating fathers' amount of time on childcare, measured as minutes on the survey day. The sample is drawn from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) and covers surveys from ten industrialised countries from 1987 to 2005. Results show that there are remarkable differences between factors inf...
Prenatal diagnosis of homozygous ?-thalassemia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An in vitro test for the prenatal diagnosis of homozygous ?-thalassaemia and its application is described. The basic methodology consists in obtaining a minute specimen of placental blood by blind aspiration or foetoscopy at the 18th to 20th week of gestation, incubating a sample in the presence of 3H-leucine, separating the labelled globin chains by chromatography on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose microcolumns with 8M urea-mercaptoethanol and measuring the radioactivity associated with the ?- and ?-chains. The ?/(pre-?+?) radioactivity ratio is used as an index of adequacy of ?-chain synthesis, a value greater than 0.07 being taken as indicative of freedom from disease and a value less than 0.03 indicative of homozygous ?-thalassaemia. From 350 women seeking the test, 344 samples were tested; 269 were judged normal or heterozygous, 75 homozygous for ?-thalassaemia. Four false negatives were identified, 3 having given borderline ?/(pre-?+?) ratios. Complications leading to foetal loss fell from 16% over the first year's experience to 8% over the second and 5% over the third. The test is now judged suitable for general use and is indeed being so used
Biological effects of prenatal irradiation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Streffer, Christian [Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Inst. fuer Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Essen (Germany)
After large releases of radionuclides, exposure of the embryo or fetus can take place by external irradiation or uptake of radionuclies. The embryo and fetus are radiosensitive throughout prenatal development. The quality and extent of radiation effects depend on the development stage. During the preimplantation period (one to 10 days postconception, p.c.) a radiation exposure of at least 0.2 Gy can cause the death of the embryo. Malformations are only observed in rare cases when genetic predisposition exist. Macroscopic, anatomical malformations are induced only after irradiation during the major organogenesis (two to eight weeks p.c.). A radiation dose of about 0.2 Gy is a doubling dose for the malformation risks as extrapolated from experiments with rodents. The human embryo may be more radioresistant. During early fetogenesis (8-15 weeks p.c.) a high radiosensitivity exists for the developmental of the brain. Radiation doses of 1.0 Gy cause severe mental retardation in about 40% of the exposed fetuses. It must be taken into account that a radiation exposure during the fetal period can also induce cancer. It is generally assumed that the risk exists at about the same level as for children. (Author).
The Father-Daughter Dance: The Relationship between Father-Daughter Relationship Quality and Daughters' Stress Response
Byrd-craven, Jennifer; Auer, Brandon J.; Granger, Douglas A.; Massey, Amber R.
The goal of the study was to determine whether father-daughter relationship quality is related to activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (salivary cortisol) and autonomic nervous system (salivary alpha-amylase, sAA) in late adolescence-emerging adulthood during peer interactions. In the first study, reported father-daughter relationships characterized by rejection, chaos, and coercion had lower morning cortisol levels and were temperamentally more sensitive to emotional cha...
Prenatal stress promotes development of spasms in infant rats
Yum, Mi-sun; Chachua, Tamar; Veli?s?kova?, Jana; Veli?s?ek, Libor
We have developed a new model of cryptogenic infantile spasms with prenatal betamethasone brain priming to increase susceptibility to development-specific spasms triggered by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). A recent clinical study linked severe prenatal stress to increased risk for development of infantile spasms. Here, we determined whether prenatal restraint stress (2 × 45 min) in rats on gestational day 15 would increase susceptibility to develop spasms on postnatal day 15. Prenatal stress s...
Sauvat, F.; Harper, L.; Cuillier, F.; Abossolo, T.; Alessandri, J. L.; Michel, J. L.
With modern prenatal imaging, liver cysts are being diagnosed more often. Although large cysts are usually asymptomatic, they may present as an abdominal emergency requiring surgery in the first weeks of life. We report a series of 3 patients with prenatal diagnosis of isolated cystic liver lesions diagnosed at 22, 31 and 33 weeks of gestational age. The hepatic origin of the cysts was confirmed prenatally by a MRI in 2 cases, with visualization of a normal gallbladder. The prenatal course wa...
Prenatal stress and its effects on the fetus and the child: possible underlying biological mechanisms.
Glover, Vivette
Many prospective studies have shown that if a mother is depressed, anxious or stressed while pregnant, this increases the risk for her child having a wide range of adverse outcomes including emotional problems, symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or impaired cognitive development. Although genetics and postnatal care clearly affect these outcomes, evidence for a prenatal causal component also is substantial. Prenatal anxiety/depression may contribute 10-15 % of the attributable load for emotional/behavioural outcomes.The mechanisms underlying these changes are just starting to be explored. One possible mediating factor is increased exposure of the fetus to cortisol, as has been shown in animal studies. However, the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which makes cortisol functions differently in human pregnancy from in most animals. The maternal HPA axis becomes gradually less responsive to stress as pregnancy progresses. And there is only a weak, if any, association between a mother's prenatal mood and her cortisol level, especially later in pregnancy. Cytokines are alternative possible mediators. An additional explanation is that stress or anxiety causes increased transfer of maternal cortisol across the placenta to the fetus. The placenta plays a crucial role in moderating fetal exposure to maternal factors and presumably in preparing the fetus for the environment in which it is going to find itself. There is some evidence in both rat models and in humans that prenatal stress can reduce placental 11?-HSD2, the enzyme which metabolises cortisol to inactive cortisone. The level of cortisol in the amniotic fluid, surrounding the baby in the womb, has been shown to be inversely correlated with infant cognitive development. However, several other biological systems are likely to be involved. Serotonin is another possible mediator of prenatal stress induced programming effects on offspring neurocognitive and behavioural development. The role of epigenetic changes in mediating alterations in offspring outcome following prenatal stress is likely to be important and starting to be explored. PMID:25287545
Overlooked and underserved: Widowed fathers with dependent-age children.
Yopp, Justin M; Park, Eliza M; Edwards, Teresa; Deal, Allison; Rosenstein, Donald L
Objective: Widowed fathers and their children are at heightened risk for poor coping and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes. This exploratory study is the first to explicitly examine the psychological characteristics of this population of fathers. Method: Some 259 fathers (mean age = 46.81; 90% Caucasian) with dependent-age children and whose wives had died from cancer within the previous five years completed a web-based survey that consisted of demographic questions, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Texas Inventory of Grief-Revised (TRIG-R), the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS), the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (KPSS), and items assessing perceived parental efficacy. Results: Fathers were found to have elevated depressive (CES-D mean = 22.6) and grief (TRIG-R mean = 70.3) symptomatology, low adaptation (PAS mean = 3.2), and high levels of stress related to their parenting role. They reported being satisfied with their parenting (KPSS mean = 15.8) and having met their own parental expectations. Multivariate analyses revealed an association between father's age and depression (p = <0.01), with younger fathers reporting greater depressive symptoms. Psychological adaptation was positively correlated with being in a romantic relationship (p = 0.02) and age of oldest child (p = 0.02). Significance of results: The results of our exploratory study suggest that, while widowed fathers perceive themselves as meeting their parental responsibilities, it comes at a substantial psychological cost, with particularly high stress related to being a sole parent. These findings may help guide interventions for this neglected population and underscore the importance of developing targeted therapies and research protocols to address their needs. PMID:25384999
Contribution of the education of the prospective fathers to the success of maternal health care programme.
Bhalerao V; Galwankar M; Kowli S; Kumar R; Chaturvedi R
The role of involving prospective fathers in the care of pregnant women attending the Mother Craft Clinic of the Malavani Health Center in Bombay, India was evaluated. Beginning in October 1982, pregnant women attending the Clinic were requested to ask their husands to meet the resident medical officer of the center who was available on the premises of the Center on all days and evenings including the holidays. 1 of the medico-social workers explained to the women the reason and the need fo...
Prenatal intervention for urinary obstruction and myelomeningocele
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Hubert S., Swana; Ronald S., Sutherland; Laurence, Baskin.
Full Text Available SciELO Brazil | Language: English Abstract in english Widespread use of ultrasonography has resulted in an increase in the recognition of fetal hydronephrosis. The enthusiasm that accompanied early interventions has been tempered by the experience and results obtained over the past 2 decades. The goal has remained the same: to identify patients with se [...] rious prenatal obstruction and to identify those which may benefit from intervention. Myelomeningocele remains a devastating congenital anomaly. Fetal and experimental studies suggested that patients with myelomeningocele could benefit from prenatal intervention. Advances in technology and perinatal management have made intervention for more complex malformations such as myelomeningocele possible. This article will review current knowledge and will detail rational management for the management of prenatal hydronephrosis. The current state of antenatal myelomeningocele repair and the urologic implications will be described as well.
Prenatal maternal anxiety and early childhood temperament.
Blair, Megan M; Glynn, Laura M; Sandman, Curt A; Davis, Elysia Poggi
The consequences of exposure to prenatal maternal anxiety for the development of child temperament were examined in a sample of 120 healthy, 2-year-old children. Prenatal maternal state and pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) were measured five times during pregnancy, and maternal state anxiety was measured again at 2 years post partum. Child temperament was measured at 2 years using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. The relationship between the trajectory of maternal anxiety across gestation and negative affectivity was evaluated using hierarchical linear growth curve modeling. Higher maternal PSA between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation was associated with increased negative temperament in the children. This association could not be explained by postnatal maternal anxiety, demographic, or obstetric factors. Prenatal maternal state anxiety was not associated with child temperament. These findings demonstrate that PSA early in gestation has a distinctive influence on the developing fetus. PMID:21790468
Control prenatal vs resultado obstétrico perinatal / Prenatal care vs obstetric outcome perinatal
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
R.M., Rico Venegas; V.M., Ramos Frausto; P.C., Martínez.
Full Text Available SciELO Spain | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish La cobertura del control prenatal, calidad, y atención del parto se refleja en la resolución obstétrica como en la morbi-mortalidad del binomio madre-hijo. Esta investigación aborda el problema del impacto de los controles prenatales sobre el resultado obstétrico y perinatal. Objetivo: conocer el im [...] pacto del control prenatal sobre los resultados obstétricos obtenidos. Material y método: mediante un estudio de cohortes reconstruidas en una población obtenida azarosamente por conglomerados diarios en el transcurso del mes de junio (2010), se obtuvieron 419 puérperas. El material de investigación fue el binomio madre-hijo. Algunas variables estudiadas fueron: edad, control prenatal, número de consultas, peso, talla, tensión arterial, medición fondo uterino, forma de término del embarazo, peso del producto, sexo, apgar, destino del producto, complicaciones maternas, etc. Se utilizo en el programa estadístico Riesgo® y Primer® obteniéndose el RR, RR con intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados. Se analizaron 395 productos mayores de 20 semanas y 35 menores, de los productos mayores de 20 semanas (f=355) tuvieron sus madres control prenatal (89.87%) y 40 no lo tuvieron (10.13%), las distocias fueron más frecuentes en las madres con control prenatal, X˛=7.73 RR=1.45 IC95% 1.11-1.90, las complicaciones maternas tuvieron proporciones similares en madres con y sin control prenatal X˛ = 0.0091RR=0.96, diferencia de proporciones p=0.899, la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo fue la complicación mas frecuente (74.6% de ellas) sin haber diferencia entre las madres que tuvieron o no control prenatal X˛ =0.0010. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos seńalan que en este grupo estudiado, en particular, la presencia del control prenatal no representó un factor que ayude a una resolución obstétrica y perinatal favorable, excepto en la prevención de la macrosomía. Abstract in english The coverage of prenatal care, quality and delivery care is reflected in the resolution as obstetric morbidity andmortality of mother and child. This research addresses the issue of the impact of prenatal care on the obstetric and perinatal outcome. Objective: To determine the impact of prenatal car [...] e on obstetric out comes achieved. Material and method: using a reconstructed cohort study in a population cluster randomly obtained daily duringthe month of June (2010), 419 were women in labour. The research material was the mother-child. Some ofthe studied variables were age, prenatal care, number of visits, weight, height, blood pressure, fundalmeasurement, method of pregnancy termination, product weight, sex, apgar, destination of the product, maternal complications, etc. It was used in the statistical program Primer® Risk® obtaining the RR, RR with aconfidence interval of 95%. Results: 395 products were analysed over 20 weeks and 35 children, of the goods over 20 weeks (f = 355) mothers had prenatal care (89.87%) and 40 did not have it (10.13%), dystocia were more common in mothers with prenatal care, X˛ = 7.73 RR = 1.45 95% CI 1.11-1.90, maternal complications were similar proportions in mothers with and without prenatal X˛ = 0.0091 RR = 0.96, difference in proportions p = 0.899, hypertensive disease of pregnancy was the most frequent complication (74.6% of them) without difference between themothers had no prenatal care or X˛ = 0.0010. Conclusion: Our results indicate that in this particular group studied, the presence of prenatal care is not afactor that helps an obstetric resolution and favourable perinatal, except for the macrosomia prevention.
Apoio paterno ao aleitamento materno: uma revisăo integrativa Fathers support on breastfeeding: an integrative review
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bruna Turaça Silva
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar, na literatura científica, publicaçőes sobre a participaçăo do pai ou companheiro no aleitamento materno. FONTES DE DADOS: Realizou-se uma revisăo integrativa no período de 1995 a 2010, utilizando-se os unitermos "pai" e "aleitamento materno" nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em tręs categorias: o pai como suporte para a amamentaçăo; percepçőes paternas sobre a amamentaçăo; e o impacto da intervençăo educativa sobre aleitamento para os pais. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificadas 44 publicaçőes que mostraram que o apoio social, profissional e familiar foi imprescindível para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. O pai foi destacado como suporte fundamental pela forte influęncia na decisăo da mulher em amamentar e na sua continuidade. Contudo, a participaçăo do pai exibe sentimentos ambivalentes: competitividade com a măe vs. proteçăo; exclusăo vs. aumento do vínculo familiar; apoio vs. preconceitos. Os profissionais de saúde, apontados como referęncia na busca de informaçőes, mostram-se despreparados para atender aos pais. CONCLUSŐES: Foram encontradas várias produçőes científicas ressaltando a relevância do apoio paterno para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. Contudo, a maioria das pesquisas apresenta abordagem descritiva, havendo poucos estudos com intervençőes educativas.OBJECTIVE: To identify publications regarding the role of the father or partner in the breastfeeding practice. DATA SOURCE: An integrative review of the literature was performed searching for articles published between 1995 and 2010, using the key-words "father" and "breastfeeding" in following databases: LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Data were organized in three categories: the supporting role of the father on breastfeeding; paternal perceptions about breastfeeding; and the impact of educational intervention on breastfeeding for parents. DATA SYNTHESIS: 44 articles showed that social, professional and family support is vital to successful breastfeeding. The father was highlighted as crucial supporter due to his strong influence over women´s decision to breastfeed and to maintain breastfeeding. However, the involvement of the father presents evasive patterns: competition with the mother vs. protection, exclusion vs. increase strength in the family relationships, support vs. prejudices. Health professionals were reported as reference sources of education, however they were shown as unprepared to assist the parents. CONCLUSIONS: Several studies on the theme of paternal support were found in the literature, which highlights its importance for successful breastfeeding. However, most of the research had a descriptive approach and there were few studies on educational interventions.
Apoio paterno ao aleitamento materno: uma revisăo integrativa / Fathers support on breastfeeding: an integrative review
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Bruna Turaça, Silva; Luciano Borges, Santiago; Joel Alves, Lamonier.
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar, na literatura científica, publicaçőes sobre a participaçăo do pai ou companheiro no aleitamento materno. FONTES DE DADOS: Realizou-se uma revisăo integrativa no período de 1995 a 2010, utilizando-se os unitermos "pai" e "aleitamento materno" nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, [...] BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em tręs categorias: o pai como suporte para a amamentaçăo; percepçőes paternas sobre a amamentaçăo; e o impacto da intervençăo educativa sobre aleitamento para os pais. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificadas 44 publicaçőes que mostraram que o apoio social, profissional e familiar foi imprescindível para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. O pai foi destacado como suporte fundamental pela forte influęncia na decisăo da mulher em amamentar e na sua continuidade. Contudo, a participaçăo do pai exibe sentimentos ambivalentes: competitividade com a măe vs. proteçăo; exclusăo vs. aumento do vínculo familiar; apoio vs. preconceitos. Os profissionais de saúde, apontados como referęncia na busca de informaçőes, mostram-se despreparados para atender aos pais. CONCLUSŐES: Foram encontradas várias produçőes científicas ressaltando a relevância do apoio paterno para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. Contudo, a maioria das pesquisas apresenta abordagem descritiva, havendo poucos estudos com intervençőes educativas. Abstract in english OBJECTIVE: To identify publications regarding the role of the father or partner in the breastfeeding practice. DATA SOURCE: An integrative review of the literature was performed searching for articles published between 1995 and 2010, using the key-words "father" and "breastfeeding" in following data [...] bases: LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Data were organized in three categories: the supporting role of the father on breastfeeding; paternal perceptions about breastfeeding; and the impact of educational intervention on breastfeeding for parents. DATA SYNTHESIS: 44 articles showed that social, professional and family support is vital to successful breastfeeding. The father was highlighted as crucial supporter due to his strong influence over women´s decision to breastfeed and to maintain breastfeeding. However, the involvement of the father presents evasive patterns: competition with the mother vs. protection, exclusion vs. increase strength in the family relationships, support vs. prejudices. Health professionals were reported as reference sources of education, however they were shown as unprepared to assist the parents. CONCLUSIONS: Several studies on the theme of paternal support were found in the literature, which highlights its importance for successful breastfeeding. However, most of the research had a descriptive approach and there were few studies on educational interventions.
Premisas éticas en el diagnóstico prenatal de defectos congénitos en Cuba / Ethical premises in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in Cuba
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Iris Andrea, Rojas Betancourt; Arianne, Llamos Paneque; Beatriz, Marcheco Teruel.
Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de premisas éticas para la práctica del diagnóstico prenatal de defectos congénitos. Se realizó un estudio sistemático, profundo y crítico sobre el tema y sobre los resultados de investigaciones realizadas en población cubana y los derivados de [...] talleres realizados con la participación de especialistas de la Red Nacional de Genética Médica; para su elaboración se tuvieron en cuenta los principios éticos más universalmente aceptados y recomendados por la OMS y otros organismos internacionales, así como las resoluciones y leyes cubanas relacionadas con este tema. Se presentan normativas generales, sobre el diagnóstico prenatal y el aborto selectivo, el asesoramiento genético y el revelado de información; esta propuesta se complementa con otras normativas propias de la investigación científica y relacionadas con el consentimiento informado, las investigaciones que involucran pacientes, aspectos de la ética profesional y de las publicaciones científicas. Estas normativas en su conjunto conforman las premisas éticas que garantizan el respeto a los derechos y a la dignidad de las personas que son atendidas en los servicios de asesoramiento genético y diagnóstico prenatal y formarán parte de un manual para la provisión de servicios en la red de genética médica de Cuba. Abstract in english The objective of this paper was to submit a proposal of ethical premises for prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects. An in-depth systematic and critical study was conducted on the topic and on the results of research works carried out with the Cuban population and those of workshops where the Nati [...] onal Network of Medical Genetics experts participated. For their preparation, the universally accepted ethical principles that are recommended by WHO and other international bodies, as well as the Cuban resolutions and laws in this regard were all taken into account. Some general standards on prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion and on the approach to genetic counseling and the disclosure of information were presented. This proposal was supplemented with other standards inherent to the scientific research, since during prenatal diagnosis practice, some research works can emerge, the results of which may be published, that is, informed consent, research involving patients, ethical aspects of scientific publications and professional ethics elements. These standards are the ethical premises that guarantee the respect to the rights and to the dignity of those persons who are served by the genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis services, and will be part of a manual for the provision of services in the medical genetic network of Cuba.
Consulta prenatal: motivos de inasistencia, żse justifica?
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Pedro, Faneite A; Clara, Rivera; Fátima, Rodríguez; Rosanna, Amato; Shirley, Moreno; Lynmer, Cangemi.
Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer qué factores personales (epidemiológicos, socioeconómicos), institucionales y médicos están relacionados con la inasistencia a la consulta prenatal. Ambiente: Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo. Métodos: Est [...] udio descriptivo epidemiológico, analítico de corte transversal, basado en una entrevista-encuesta, en 1000 pacientes que en el embarazo actual o pasado no se controlaron durante el ańo 2008. Resultados: En factores epidemiológicos, predominó residencia en barrios (57,2 %), educación secundaria (59,7%), estado civil soltera (48,1 %) y la edad entre 20-29 ańos (40,4 %). Con los factores sociales, dominó el domicilio lejano (52,3 %), en los económicos, el desempleo (27,3 %) y en la educación prenatal, el desconocimiento de la importancia del control (48,8 %). En los factores institucionales fue determinante el ambiente inadecuado de la consulta (39,2 %) y la ubicación lejana del centro de salud (19,3 %). En factores de atención médica refirieron, consulta de baja calidad (29,8 %), seguida de la opinión de pocas horas de consulta (23,2 %). Conclusión: La falta a la consulta prenatal está relacionada con múltiples factores, esto conlleva a la instauración de actividades educativas, incluye desarrollar acciones efectivas para elevar la calidad de vida, rescate de programas preventivos de salud, además de reparación y dotación de las instalaciones de salud; sin olvidar mejoras del acto médico. Abstract in english Objective: To know what personal (epidemiological, socioeconomic), institutional and medical factors are related to non attendance to prenatal care. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo. Methods: Descriptive, epidemiolog [...] ical, analytical, transversal study, based in a interview-survey, in 1000 patients with no prenatal care in the actual or previous pregnancy during 2008. Results: In epidemiological factors, prevailed suburb residency (57.2 %), high school education (59.7%), marital status single (48.1 %), and age between 20-29 years (40.4 %). In social factors, predominated distant residence (52.3 %), in the economical, unemployment (27.3 %) and in prenatal education, ignorance of the importance of the prenatal care (48.8 %). In the institutional factors was determinant unappropriated environment (39.2 %) and distant location of the health center (19.3 %). In the medical attention factors, reported low quality of the consultation (29.8 %), followed by few hours of attendance (23.2 %). Conclusion: The lack of prenatal care is related to multiple factors, that suggest the instauration of educative activities to elevate the life quality, rescue of the health preventive programs, and repairing and equip of health infrastructure; without forget the improvement of the medical act.
The human brain. Prenatal development and structure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This book is unique among the current literature in that it systematically documents the prenatal structural development of the human brain. It is based on lifelong study using essentially a single staining procedure, the classic rapid Golgi procedure, which ensures an unusual and desirable uniformity in the observations. The book is amply illustrated with 81 large, high-quality color photomicrographs never previously reproduced. These photomicrographs, obtained at 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 weeks of gestation, offer a fascinating insight into the sequential prenatal development of neurons, blood vessels, and glia in the human brain. (orig.)
The human brain. Prenatal development and structure
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Marin-Padilla, Miguel
This book is unique among the current literature in that it systematically documents the prenatal structural development of the human brain. It is based on lifelong study using essentially a single staining procedure, the classic rapid Golgi procedure, which ensures an unusual and desirable uniformity in the observations. The book is amply illustrated with 81 large, high-quality color photomicrographs never previously reproduced. These photomicrographs, obtained at 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 weeks of gestation, offer a fascinating insight into the sequential prenatal development of neurons, blood vessels, and glia in the human brain. (orig.)
[Is the bronchial atresia prenatal diagnosis possible?].
Mechoulan, A; Podevin, G; Paumier, A; Philippe, H-J; Le Mouel, F; Le Vaillant, C; Quéré, M-P; Joubert, M; Winer, N
Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the lung. The main-stem segmental or lobar bronchus fails to construct normally, which can lead to accumulation of mucus within the distal bronchi or lung hyperinflation of the obstructed lobe. The prenatal diagnosis is rare and difficult. We report two cases of fetuses who presented pathological examination of the lung on the ultrasonography, at 22 weeks of gestation, suspect of prenatal bronchial atresia diagnosis. We analysed this malformation through a literature review in order to discuss differential diagnosis to be evoked, as well as appropriate perinatal management. PMID:18417406
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like DNA sequences in the breast tumors of father, mother, and daughter
Wiernik Peter H; Fr, Stewart Alexandre; Etkind Polly R
Abstract Background The diagnosis of late onset breast cancer in a father, mother, and daughter living in the same house for decades suggested the possibility of an environmental agent as a common etiological factor. Both molecular and epidemiological data have indicated a possible role for the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), the etiological agent of breast cancer in mice, in a certain percentage of human breast tumors. The aim of this study was to determine if MMTV might be involved in the...
Social behavior of offspring following prenatal cocaine exposure in rodents: a comparison with prenatal alcohol
SonyaKrishnaSobrian; Robertholson, R.
Clinical and experimental reports suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) alters the offsprings' social interactions with caregivers and conspecifics. Children exposed to prenatal cocaine show deficits in caregiver attachment and play behavior. In animal models, a developmental pattern of effects that range from deficits in play and social interaction during adolescence, to aggressive reactions during competition in adulthood is seen. This review will focus primarily on the effects of ...
Heterosexual gender relations and masculinity in fathers who smoke.
Kwon, Jae-Yung; Oliffe, John L; Bottorff, Joan L; Kelly, Mary T
The purpose of this research was to explore the role of masculinity and heterosexual gender relations in new and expectant fathers' explanations of their continued smoking. We conducted a secondary analysis of in-depth interviews with 20 fathers. Two themes were identified: (1) reconciling with partners to maintain a smoke-free family home; and (2) smoking to self-regulate emotions and maintain relationships. Fathers' decisions to smoke and changes in smoking behavior were shaped by ideals of masculinity and by partner relationships and family and social contexts, including division of domestic duties and childcare. Recognizing the influence of both masculinity and gender relations could provide new directions for supporting men's smoking cessation efforts during early parenthood. PMID:25155799
Are men really that bad as fathers? The role of men's investments.
Winking, Jeffrey
Human pair-bonding and paternal involvement have long been attributed to the need for biparental rearing of altricial offspring with extended periods of dependency. More recently, researchers have focused on the fertility benefits that pair-bonding offers men and have re-conceptualized paternal care as a stratagem designed to curry favor with the recipient children's mother. These models, however, fail to explain a number of puzzling empirical findings, namely the lack of a significant and robust effect of father-presence cross-culturally, despite what appears to be true paternal involvement. I argue that the record is better explained by conceptualizing reproduction within unions as a joint venture, in which men's contributions are not simply lumped onto women's invariant levels of parental investment, but one in which men's involvement allows wives to reduce their own allocations to parental investment and increase those to fertility (fertility model), thereby maximizing the production of the union, not simply child survivorship. PMID:21516953
Prenatal stress may increase vulnerability to life events comparison with the effects of prenatal dexamethasone
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hougaard, Karin; Andersen, Maibritt B
Prenatal stress has been associated with a variety of alterations in the offspring. The presented observations suggest that rather than causing changes in the offspring per se, prenatal stress may increase the organism's vulnerability to aversive life events. Offspring of rat dams stressed gestationally by chronic mild stress (CMS, a variable schedule of different stressors) or dexamethasone (DEX, a synthetic glucocorticoid, i.e., a pharmacological stressor) was tested for reactivity by testing their acoustic startle response (ASR). Two subsets of offspring were tested. One was experimentally naďve at the time of ASR testing, whereas the other had been through blood sampling for assessment of the hormonal stress response to restraint, 3 months previously. Both prenatal CMS and dexamethasone increased ASR in the offspring compared to controls, but only in prenatally stressed offspring that had been blood sampled 3 months previously. In conclusion, similarity of the effects of maternal gestational exposure to aregular stress schedule and of exposure to a synthetic glucocorticoid suggests that maternal glucocorticoids may be a determining factor for changes in the regulatory mechanisms of the acoustic startle response. Further, a single aversive life event showed capable of changing the reactivity of prenatally stressed offspring, whereas offspring of dams going through a less stressful gestation was largely unaffected by this event. This suggests that circumstances dating back to the very beginning of life affect the individual's sensitivity towards experiences in life after birth. The prenatal environment may thus form part of the explanation of the considerable individual variation in the development of psychopathology.
An update on current prenatal testing options: first trimester and noninvasive prenatal testing.
Latendresse, Gwen; Deneris, Angela
Prenatal genetic testing is rapidly evolving and requires that prenatal care providers stay up-to-date with accurate, evidence-based knowledge. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), first trimester maternal serum markers, and fetal nuchal translucency are the most recently developed screening tests added to the testing repertoire for detection of chromosomal disorders such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). NIPT is a new, highly accurate technique that uses maternal serum and is rapidly being introduced as a first trimester screening tool and increasingly being requested by pregnant women. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that all pregnant women be offered first and second trimester screening options, regardless of risk status, but does not yet recommend NIPT. It is important for prenatal care providers to be aware of and understand these testing options in order to assist women and their families in making well-informed decisions during pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to update midwives and other prenatal care providers on the current prenatal genetic testing options available and how to appropriately offer and discuss them with their clients. We discuss how these tests work; what to do with the results; and most importantly, how to support and communicate accurate information to women and families as they navigate through an increasingly complicated array of testing choices. PMID:25712277
Análise descritiva do pai da criança com deficięncia mental / Descriptive analysis of the father of a mentally disabled child
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Nancy Capretz Batista da, Silva; Ana Lúcia Rossito, Aiello.
Full Text Available SciELO Brazil | Language: Portuguese Abstract in portuguese A interaçăo pai-criança deficiente merece atençăo e precisa de mais investigaçőes. Este estudo descreveu características dos pais de crianças com deficięncia mental, com idade entre dois e quatro anos, quanto a stress, empoderamento (processo pelo qual os familiares obtęm acesso a conhecimentos, hab [...] ilidades e recursos que os capacitam a ganhar controle positivo de suas vidas, bem como melhorar a qualidade de seus estilos de vida), apoio social e qualidade do ambiente. Treze pais responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de Caracterizaçăo do Sistema Familiar, Questionário de Recursos e Stress na forma resumida, Guia Geral de Transcriçăo dos Dados de Entrevista, Entrevista de Caracterizaçăo do Papel do Pai na Educaçăo da Criança com Deficięncia Mental, Escala de Empoderamento da Família, Escala de Senso de Competęncia Parental e Observaçăo Domiciliar para Medida do Ambiente - Primeira Infância. Os resultados indicaram pais com baixo nível socioeconômico e de escolaridade, papel tradicional, presença de stress, autoestima adequada e porcentagens elevadas de empoderamento, além de ambiente domiciliar pobre em estimulaçăo ŕ criança. Os participantes se classificaram como bons pais e figuras importantes na vida das crianças, despendendo muitas horas de interaçăo com elas. Percebe-se a necessidade de estudos com diferentes metodologias e de envolvimento do pai nos serviços profissionais para seus filhos. Abstract in english The interaction between a father and his disabled child deserves attention and needs further investigation. This study described characteristics of the fathers of mentally disabled children, aged between two and four years old, in terms of stress, empowerment, social support and quality of the envir [...] onment. Thirteen fathers answered the following tools: Characterization of Family System Questionnaire, Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - Short Form, General Guide to Transcription of Interview Data, Interview in respect of the Characterization of the Role of the Father in the Education of the Mentally Disabled Child, Family Empowerment Scale, Parent Sense of Competence Scale and Early Childhood - The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Results pointed to fathers of low socio-economic and educational levels, traditional role, presence of stress, adequate self-esteem and high percentages of empowerment, while the home environment failed to stimulate the child. The participants ranked themselves as good fathers and important figures in the child's life, spending many hours interacting with the child. It can be seen that there is a need for further studies using different methodologies as well as for the father's involvement in professional services for their children.
Ultrasound demonstration of prenatal renal vein thrombosis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This case report illustrates the sonographic appearance of such calcifications which to our knowledge have not been described. We observed abnormalities on a prenatal ultrasound at 37 weeks of gestation and calcifications within the kidney on ultrasound during the neonatal period in an infant of a mother with Class B diabetes mellitus. (orig.)
Psychiatric Conditions Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
O'Connor, Mary J.; Paley, Blair
Since the identification of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) over 35 years ago, mounting evidence about the impact of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has prompted increased attention to the link between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and a constellation of developmental disabilities that are characterized by physical, cognitive, and…
Effect of brain prenatal irradiations (review)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tendency of intellectual deficiency and emotion disturbance among children which were irradiated in womb was found. Study of the risk of endogenic psychic disorder development and, first of all, schizophrenia in pre-natally irradiated children, as a result of Chernobyl catastrophe, is of special interest. 256 refs., 1 tab
Prenatal office practices regarding infant feeding choices.
Dusdieker, Lois B; Dungy, Claibourne I; Losch, Mary E
The objective of this study was to determine the obstetric care providers' roles in breast-feeding promotion during prenatal care. A questionnaire addressing breast-feeding issues was sent to family practitioners (FP), obstetric-gynecologists (OB/GYN), and nurse midwives (NM) in Iowa, USA. All NM, 97% of FP, and 85% of OB/GYN reported asking infant feeding preference-usually only at the first prenatal visit. NM (73%) were most likely to provide extensive breast-feeding counseling. OB/GYN (68%) and FP physicians (90%) reported doing their own breast-feeding counseling. Breast examinations targeting future breast-feeding problems were done in 82% to 84% of patients. NM practices shared more information supportive of breast-feeding. Nearly all providers offered prenatal classes, but only 41% of FP offered breast-feeding classes. Free formula samples were available in 73% of FP, 54% of OB/GYN, and 36% NM offices. Pamphlets on formula feeding and also breast-feeding were readily available. Overall NM (64%) reported being strong breast-feeding advocates compared to only 13% of FP and 7% of OB/GYN. In conclusion, little promotion of breast-feeding occurs in most prenatal practice settings. PMID:17041172
Prenatal Diagnosis of ?-Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies.
Rosatelli, Maria Cristina; Saba, Luisella
Prenatal diagnosis of ?-thalassemia was accomplished for the first time in the 1970s by globin chain synthesis analysis on fetal blood obtained by placental aspiration at 18-22 weeks gestation. Since then, the molecular definition of the ?-globin gene pathology, the development of procedures of DNA analysis, and the introduction of chorionic villous sampling have dramatically improved prenatal diagnosis of this disease and of related disorders. Much information is now available about the molecular mechanisms of the diseases and the molecular testing is widespread. As prenatal diagnosis has to provide an accurate, safe and early result, an efficient screening of the population and a rapid molecular characterization of the couple at risk, are necessary prerequisites. In the last decades earlier and less invasive approaches for prenatal diagnosis were developed. A overview of the most promising procedure will be done. Moreover, in order to reduce the choice of interrupting the pregnancy in case of affected fetus, Preimplantation or Preconceptional Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) has been setting up for several diseases including thalassemias. PMID:21415992
Prenatal PAH Exposure is Associated with Chromosome-specific Aberrations in Cord Blood
Orjuela, Manuela A.; Liu, XinHua; Warburton, Dorothy; Siebert, Aisha L.; Cujar, Claudia; Tang, DeLiang; Jobanputra, Vaidehi; Perera, Frederica P.
Chromosomal aberrations are associated with increased cancer risk in adults. Previously, we demonstrated that stable aberrations involving chromosomes 1-6 in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in air and are disproportionate to genomic content. We now examine whether the association with air PAHs is chromosome-specific and extends to smaller chromosomes. Using Whole Chromosome Paints for chromosomes 1-6, 11,12,14,19, and a 6q sub-telomere specific probe, we scored 48 cord bloods (1500 metaphases per sample) from newborns monitored prenatally for airborne PAH exposure in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health cohort. Frequencies of stable aberrations were calculated as incident aberrations per 100 Cell Equivalents scored, and examined for association with airborne PAHs. Aberrations in chromosome 6 occurred more frequently than predicted by genomic content (p0.8). Aberrations in chromosomes 11,12,14,19 and 6 were associated with prenatal exposure to PAHs in air, even at lower levels of PAH in air. The observed chromosome-specific effects of prenatal airborne PAHs raise concern about potential cancer risk. PMID:20709184
Prenatal immunologic predictors of postpartum depressive symptoms: a prospective study for potential diagnostic markers.
Krause, Daniela; Jobst, Andrea; Kirchberg, Franka; Kieper, Susann; Härtl, Kristin; Kästner, Ralph; Myint, Aye-Mu; Müller, Norbert; Schwarz, Markus J
In postpartum depression (PPD), immunologic changes have been proposed to be involved in the disease pathology. The study evaluates the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response over the course of late pregnancy and postpartum period and their association with the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. Furthermore, prenatal immunologic markers for a PPD were investigated. Hundred pregnant women were included. At 34th and 38th week of pregnancy as well as 2 days, 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum, immune parameters (neopterin, regulatory T cells, CXCR1, CCR2, MNP1 and CD11a) were measured by flow cytometry/ELISA, and the psychopathology was evaluated. We found that regulatory T cells were significantly increased prenatal (p=0.011) and postnatal (p=0.01) in mothers with postnatal depressive symptoms. The decrease in CXCR 1 after delivery was significantly higher in mother with postnatal depressive symptoms (p=0.032). Mothers with postnatal depressive symptoms showed already prenatal significantly elevated neopterin levels (p=0.049). Finally, regulatory T cells in pregnancy strongly predict postnatal depressive symptoms (p=0.004). The present study revealed that prenatal and postnatal immunologic parameters are associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in mothers. In addition, we found immune markers that could eventually be the base for a biomarker set that predicts postnatal depressive symptoms already during pregnancy. PMID:24595743
3 CFR 8393 - Proclamation 8393 of June 18, 2009. Father's Day, 2009
...hard-working fathers are an irreplaceable influence upon their children. Communities must do more to counsel fathers. Family and friends, and faith-based and community organizations, can speak directly with men about the sacrifices and rewards of...
20 CFR 404.341 - When mother's and father's benefits begin and end.
...Insurance Benefits; Period of Disability Benefits for Spouses and Divorced Spouses § 404.341 When mother's and father's benefits...husband's, widow's, widower's, father's, mother's, parent's or disabled child's benefits. (4) You...
Parental involvement after separation/divorce / O envolvimento parental após a separaçăo/divórcio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luciana Suárez Grzybowski
Full Text Available Based on the ecological-contextual model and on the concept of parental involvement, this article proposes to discuss the parental practices of separated/divorced fathers and mothers towards their children. In order to do so, 234 subjects (117 fathers/117 mothers with children at school were interviewed via the Parental Practices Inventory. Such instrument evaluated the parental involvement in 5 areas: affective involvement, didactic involvement, social involvement, disciplinary involvement and, responsibility. The results showed greater maternal involvement with children after the divorce: direct (care, interaction and indirect (monitoring, preoccupation. The cohabitation with the mother revealed itself as a significant variable associated to her greater involvement with activities in the private/domestic environment while fathers had greater involvement in the public/social space. Contextual characteristics (cohabitation, frequency of visits and characteristics of the parents (occupation, education, affective and conjugal issues showed to be strongly associated with the parental involvement after divorce.
Fathers under fire: the revolution in child support enforcement in the USA
Garfinkel, Irwin; Mclanahan, Sara; Meyer, Daniel; Seltzer, Judith
In the shadow of rising divorce and non-marital birth rates, nearly two-thirds of all American children today will live apart from at least one of their parents, usually the father. Clearly this astonishing proportion of non-resident fathers has serious implications for the economic, employment, and educational status of mothers and the development and wellbeing of children. But according to the authors of Fathers Under Fire, a more comprehensive perspective on non-resident fathers - understa...
Paternal Work Stress and Latent Profiles of Father-Infant Parenting Quality
Goodman, W. Benjamin; Crouter, Ann C.; Lanza, Stephanie T.; Cox, Martha J.; Vernon-feagans, Lynne
The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social-affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father-infant interactions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses suggested that a less-suppor...
Paternal Work Characteristics and Father-Infant Interactions in Low-Income, Rural Families
Goodman, W. Benjamin; Crouter, Ann C.; Lanza, Stephanie T.; Cox, Martha J.
To examine the implications of paternal occupational conditions for the quality of father-infant interactions, home visits, including interviews and videotaped observations of father-infant interactions, were conducted with 446 fathers living in six low-income, nonmetropolitan counties in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. When a variety of individual and demographic characteristics were controlled for, a less supportive work environment was associated with lower levels of fathers' engaged an...
Fatherhood and children with complex healthcare needs: qualitative study of fathering, caring and parenting
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Noyes Jane
Full Text Available Abstract Background Fathers are increasingly providing substantial amounts of technical and nursing care to growing numbers of children with complex healthcare needs. This exploratory study reports some of the first in-depth evidence of fathers' experiences and presents a research agenda in this critically under-researched area. Methods We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 8 fathers who provided a substantial amount of complex technical and nursing care for their child at home. The aim was to describe their experiences of fathering, parenting and caring. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using Burnard's approach, which has commonalities with phenomenological and content analysis. Results and Discussion Fathers enjoyed their caring role and found it rewarding and at times stressful. They instituted structured regimes, which focused on the father/child/family. Performing intimate care posed specific challenges for which there is no guidance. Children's community nursing was highly valued. Fathers generally rejected the need for specific father-focussed services, as such provision would induce guilt feelings. Fathers reported positive relationships with their children and partners. Conclusions Key areas for future exploration include gaining a better understanding of fathers' motivations and styles of caring, developing interventions to support fathers' caring role, developing guidance on intimate care, and delivering tailored services to fathers in a family context. There is little understanding of fathering and caring by non-resident, teenage and step-fathers. Finally, knowing more about resilience and coping of fathers in strong relationships with partners and children may help inform interventions to support fathers who do not feel able to stay with their family.
Coercive and Prosocial Fathering, Antisocial Personality, and Growth in Children's Post-Divorce Noncompliance
Degarmo, David S.
The study employed multiple methods including direct observation of fathering behaviors and child noncompliance to better address our understanding of the quantity and quality of divorced father contact. A weighted county sample of 230 divorced-father families with a focal child aged 4 to 11 years was employed to test whether fathers' antisocial personality (ASP) moderated effects of monthly contact with children in predicting children's observed noncompliance over 18 months. Latent growth mo...
The experience of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labour
Sengane, M. L.
The goal of this article was to describe the experience of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labour. The research design entailed an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study that was contextual to clinical nursing. A phenomenological approach to nursing research was utilized, whereby unstructured interviews were conducted with ten black fathers. Two groups of black fathers were purposively selected for the study. Group 1 consisted of fathers who provided supp...
Application of motivational interviewing to prenatal smoking cessation: training and implementation issues
Velasquez, M.; Hecht, J.; Quinn, V.; Emmons, K.; Diclemente, C.; Dolan-mullen, P.
OBJECTIVE—Three of the Smoke-Free Families projects incorporated motivational interviewing (MI) into prenatal smoking cessation interventions. This paper describes the process involved in training healthcare providers to use MI and the issues encountered in implementing the protocols.?DESIGN—Health care providers at all three sites attended local training workshops in which they learned to apply the basics of MI to their study protocol. All sites followed a similar outline and schedule ...
Prenatal VPA Exposure and Changes in Sensory Processing by the Superior Colliculus
Disorders involving dysfunctional sensory processing are characterized by an inability to filter sensory information, particularly simultaneously arriving multimodal inputs. We examined the effects of prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a teratogen linked to sensory dysfunction, on the behavior of juvenile and adult rats, and on the anatomy of the superior colliculus, a critical multisensory integration center in the brain. VPA-exposed rats showed deficits in colliculus-dependent behavi...
Children Pay When Their Fathers Don't.
Knapp, Elaine S.
Today more than half of the women in America raising children on their own get no financial support from the fathers. The article considers the following aspects of states' roles in dealing with that problem: (1) states' powers and alternatives for action; (2) difficulties faced by states in applying those powers; and (3) suggestions for…
Fathers as Intervention Agents for Their Children with Developmental Disabilities.
Russell, Deirdre; Matson, Johnny
Utilizes fathers (N=3) and their developmentally disabled children, who ranged in age from 2 years 10 months to 4 years 5 months, to explore the impact of parent training. Also examines child compliance and inappropriate behaviors. Parent training resulted in desirable changes on a range of target behaviors. Discusses implications of the findings.…
Neighborhood Contexts, Fathers, and Mexican American Young Adolescents' Internalizing Symptoms
White, Rebecca M. B.; Roosa, Mark W.
The family stress model posits that contextual stressors, such as neighborhood danger, negatively influence youth adjustment, including internalizing symptoms, via disruptions in parenting and family processes. The current study examined a culturally and contextually modified family stress model in a diverse sample of Mexican-origin fathers and…
Fathers' Rights Groups, Domestic Violence and Political Countermobilization
Crowley, Jocelyn Elise
Domestic violence continues to be a serious problem for women in the United States. As a result, the battered women's movement has been tireless in campaigning for greater awareness of the issue, tougher penalties against offenders, and public vigilance against potential batterers, including fathers from dissolving families. In reaction to this…
The Influence of Fathers on Young Children's Development
Pruett, Kyle D.
Kyle D. Pruett, MD, clinical professor of child psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, responds to questions about the importance of engaging men in the lives of children. Dr. Pruett discusses how men parent differently than women; how mothers and fathers can effectively co-parent; the impact of parenting on the marital relationship; and the…
Effects of Father Absence on Personality Development in Adolescent Daughters
Hetherington, E. Mavis
Study suggests that the effects of father absence on daughters appear during adolescence and are manifested mainly as an inability to interact appropriately with males, rather than in other deviations from appropriate sex typing or in interactions with females. (Author/CB)
Smoking habits : like father, like son, like mother, like daughter
Loureiro, Maria L.; Sanz-de-galdeano, Anna; Vuri, Daniela
We use instrumental variable methods to investigate whether the impact of parental smoking habits on their children's smoking decisions is a causal one. We find evidence of same-sex role models in two-parent households: mothers play a crucial role in determining their daughters' smoking decisions, while fathers' smoking habits are primarily imitated by their sons.
Fathering and Mothering of Preschool Boys with Hyperactivity
Keown, Louise
This study examined links between paternal and maternal parenting factors and preschool hyperactivity in a community sample. Forty-one hyperactive and 38 comparison boys (aged 47-62 months) and their fathers and mothers were assessed on a range of interview, parent questionnaire, and observational measures of parenting and child behavior. Results…
The Relationship between Father Residency and a Child's ADHD Symptoms
Sulak, Tracey N.; Barnard-Brak, Lucy; Frederick, Karen
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed neuropsychological disorder among school-aged children. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between father residency status and children's symptoms of ADHD using a large, nationally representative and community-based sample. To achieve this…
The Role of "Fathering" in Group Psychotherapy with Adolescent Delinquent Males.
Rachman, Arnold William
The psychological role of the father in the life of an adolescent is crucial. Delinquent adolescent males have severe problems in the oedipal area. Most have had negative father-son relationships. The study group was composed of 25 boys who were on parole. Outpatient psychiatric treatment was a condition of their parole. Of the 25, 23 had fathers…
Young Women's Phenomenological Sense of Father and Parental Marital Relationship and Their Relation to Paternal Loss.
Darlington, Susan
The meaning fathers have in the lives of women as they are growing up was investigated. Women's perceptions of their fathers on several factors were measured to determine how these perceptions differed with father loss, cause and time of loss, perception of parental marital relationships, and presence of an older brother. Questionnaires were…
Intrusive Fathering, Children's Self-Regulation and Social Skills: A Mediation Analysis
Stevenson, M.; Crnic, K.
Background: Fathers have unique influences on children's development, and particularly in the development of social skills. Although father-child relationship influences on children's social competence have received increased attention in general, research on fathering in families of children with developmental delays (DD) is scant. This…
Adolescents in Postdivorce and Always-Married Families: Self-Esteem and Perceptions of Fathers' Interest.
Clark, Jennifer; Barber, Bonnie L.
Describes investigation exploring relationships between adolescents' reports of fathers' interest in them, fathers' interest in adolescent relative to a sibling, and adolescent self-esteem in postdivorce, mother-headed families and two-parent, always-married families. Suggests adolescents with low-interest and differentially interested fathers had…
Preventing Violence against Women: Engaging the Fathers of Today and Tomorrow
Crooks, Claire V.; Goodall, George R.; Baker, Linda L.; Hughes, Ray
Although fathers play a key role in helping their children develop ideas about gender relations and close relationships, they have been largely overlooked as a resource to help prevent violence against women. This paper explores some of the reasons why fathers have not been successfully engaged in violence prevention. Engaging fathers to promote…
Father's Incarceration and Youth Delinquency and Depression: Examining Differences by Race and Ethnicity
Swisher, Raymond R.; Roettger, Michael E.
This paper examines associations between biological father's incarceration and internalizing and externalizing outcomes of depression and serious delinquency, across White, Black, and Hispanic subsamples of youth in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Among respondents whose father was first incarcerated during childhood or adolescence, father's incarceration is found to be associated with increased depression and delinquency. On the whole, results indicate that associations...
Father-Child Contact after Separation: The Influence of Living Arrangements
Swiss, Liam; Le Bourdais, Celine
Following divorce or separation, father-child contact is deemed an important influence on child development. Previous research has explored the impact of sociodemographic and attitudinal factors on the amount of contact between fathers and their children following a union dissolution. This article revisits this important question using fathers'…
Teaching prenatal ultrasound to family medicine residents.
Dresang, Lee T; Rodney, William MacMillan; Dees, Jason
Prenatal ultrasound is a powerful diagnostic tool, but there has been little research on how to teach ultrasound to family physicians. The available evidence supports teaching through didactics followed by supervised scanning. Didactic topics include physics and machine usage, indications, fetal biometry, anatomic survey, practice management, ethical issues, and resources. Supervised scanning reinforces the didactic components of training. A "hand-on-hand" supervised scanning technique is recommended for the transmission of psychomotor skills in these sessions. Curricula for teaching ultrasound should include information on which residents will be taught prenatal ultrasound, who will teach them, how to create time for learning ultrasound skills, and how to test for competency. The literature suggests that competency can be achieved within 25-50 supervised scans. Measures of competency include examination and qualitative analysis of scanning. Competency-based testing needs further development because no uniform standards have been established. PMID:14872356
Prenatal immunomodulation treatment in neonatal myasthenia gravis.
Welcker, S; Heckmann, M; Axt-Fliedner, R; Faas, D
Neonatal mysthenia gravis (NMG) is a rare cause of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) due to diaplacental transfer of maternal acetylcholine receptors (AChR) antibodies. 2 cases of severe NMG complicated by chronic lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension are reported. With respect to the severe course of the index patient, prenatal diagnosis and immunomodulation treatment were offered during the 2nd pregnancy. The combination of prenatal immunoadsorption (IA) therapy, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and prednisolone failed. Failure may be partly explained by immaturity of the infant. However, considering the successful treatment of fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (AIT) reported in literature, a treatment approach with IVIG doses up to 1-2 g/kg per week plus prednisone/prednisolone at a higher dose up to 1 mg/kg/d might be more effective. PMID:23982940
Neural tube defects--prenatal diagnosis and management.
Hamilton, R. A.; Dornan, J. C.
Neural tube defects rank second to congenital heart disease as a major cause of congenital malformation. Recent developments in ultrasound have improved prenatal diagnosis. Due to anomaly scans at 18 weeks gestation and the availability of a genetic clinic, prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects at the Royal Maternity Hospital was 91.2% during 1987-1989. However, only 50% of parents accept termination of pregnancy and it is questionable if prenatal diagnosis is of benefit to those who wish...
Long-term behavioral consequences of prenatal MDMA exposure
Thompson, Valerie B.; Heiman, Justin; Chambers, James B.; Benoit, Stephen C.; Buesing, William R.; Norman, Mantana K.; Norman, Andrew B.; Lipton, Jack W.
The current study sought to determine whether prenatal 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) exposure from E14-20 in the rat resulted in behavioral sequelae in adult offspring. Prenatal MDMA exposure results in increased dopaminergic fiber density in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens of young rats. Since these areas are critical in response to novelty, reward, attention and locomotor activity, we hypothesized that prenatal MDMA exposure would produce significant chan...
Yoga and massage therapy reduce prenatal depression and prematurity
Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Medina, Lissette; Delgado, Jeannette; Hernandez, Andrea
Eighty-four prenatally depressed women were randomly assigned to yoga, massage therapy or standard prenatal care control groups to determine the relative effects of yoga and massage therapy on prenatal depression and neonatal outcomes. Following 12 weeks of twice weekly yoga and massage sessions (20 minutes each) both therapy groups versus the control group had a greater decrease on depression, anxiety and back and leg pain scales and a greater increase on a relationship scale. In addition, t...
Association between Prenatal Lead Exposure and Blood Pressure in Children
Zhang, Aimin; Hu, Howard; Sa?nchez, Brisa N.; Cantonwine, David; Schnaas, Lourdes; Lamadrid-figueroa, Hector; Tellez-rojo, Martha Maria; Ettinger, Adrienne S.; Park, Sung Kyun; Wright, Robert O.
Background: Lead exposure in adults is associated with hypertension. Altered prenatal nutrition is associated with subsequent risks of adult hypertension, but little is known about whether prenatal exposure to toxicants, such as lead, may also confer such risks. Objectives: We investigated the relationship of prenatal lead exposure and blood pressure (BP) in 7- to 15-year-old boys and girls. Methods: We evaluated 457 mother–child pairs, originally recruited for an environmental birth cohort...
Prenatal Psychobiological Predictors of Anxiety Risk in Preadolescent Children
Davis, Elysia Poggi; Sandman, Curt A.
Experimental animal models have demonstrated that one of the primary consequences of prenatal stress is increased fear and anxiety in the offspring. Few prospective human studies have evaluated the consequences of prenatal stress on anxiety during preadolescence. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the consequences of prenatal exposure to both maternal biological stress signals and psychological distress on anxiety in preadolescent children. Participants included 178 mother-chil...
Improving universal prenatal screening for human immunodeficiency virus.
Anderson, Brenna L.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Landers, Daniel V.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) educational intervention on universal screening for HIV in a prenatal clinic setting. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, frequencies of offering and acceptance of HIV testing were compared before and after an educational intervention performed by an HIV-focused nurse. The records of 293 women seeking prenatal care before the intervention and 206 women seeking prenatal care after the intervent...
Prenatal HIV tests. Routine testing or informed choice?
Guenter D; Kaczorowski J; Carroll J; Sellors J
OBJECTIVE: To examine how prenatal care providers responded to a new provincial policy of offering HIV testing to all prenatal patients, and to determine factors associated with self-reported high testing rates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mailed survey. SETTING: Outpatient practices in three Ontario health-planning regions. PARTICIPANTS: Prenatal care providers: 784 family physicians, 200 obstetricians, and 103 midwives were sent questionnaires and were eligible to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEAS...
Prenatal findings and neonatal immature gastric teratoma
Akram, Misbah; Ravikumar, Nandini; Azam, Muhammad; Corbally, Martin; Morrison, John J.
Immature teratoma of the stomach in the neonate is extremely rare.1,2 This report outlines a case of giant immature teratoma of the stomach, which was detected by prenatal ultrasonography in the third trimester as an echogenic mass contiguous with the stomach bubble. It increased from 4.5 cm in diameter to 7 cm between 34 and 37 weeks gestation. The baby was delivered by elective caesarean section at 37 weeks gestation. Neonatal imaging highlighted a differential diagnosis of nephroblastoma, ...
Prenatal Serotonin and Neonatal Outcome: Brief Report
Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Hernandez-reif, Maria; Figueiredo, Barbara; Deeds, Osvelia; Ascencio, Angela; Schanberg, Saul; Kuhn, Cynthia
In a study on prenatal dopamine and its association with depression and other neurotransmitters, serotonin was a confounding variable (Field, Diego, Hernandez-Reif, Figueiredo, Deeds et al., 2007). Serotonin has long been associated with depression (Cubala & Landwski, 2006; Neumeister, 2003; Neumeister, Young, & Stastny, 2004). Serotonin receptors and serotonin transporters are reduced in depression, suggesting that serotonin systems play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression (Neume...
Prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Lajic, Svetlana; Nordenström, Anna; Ritzén, E Martin; Wedell, Anna
In foetuses at risk of virilising congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), prenatal treatment can be offered by administration of dexamethasone (DEX) via the mother, in order to suppress foetal adrenal androgen oversecretion and prevent genital malformations. The first treated cases were described 20 years ago, and several hundred pregnancies have been reported since. There is a consensus that the treatment effectively prevents or reduces virilisation, but opinions regarding its safety differ. Rare adverse events have been reported in treated children, but no harmful effect has been documented that can be clearly attributed to the treatment. However, few treated foetuses have been followed until adolescence. Animal studies and epidemiological data point to various adverse effects of excess glucocorticoids on the developing foetus. In order to prevent virilisation effectively in females affected with CAH, the prenatal treatment needs to be instituted in the early first trimester, before prenatal diagnosis is possible. Thus, a majority of treated foetuses will receive DEX unnecessarily. The PREDEX study was initiated in Stockholm in 1999 as an open, controlled, non-randomised, multicentre trial. Participating centres are Stockholm, Bergen, Kuopio, Warsaw, London, Lyon and Barcelona. The study has been approved by the ethics committees in each country. The purpose of PREDEX is to evaluate prospectively the prenatal treatment regarding efficacy in preventing virilisation as well as to study its safety for both mothers and treated children. Children are followed until 18 years of age and a wide range of physiological, metabolic and developmental parameters are considered. In Sweden, treatment is not offered outside the frames of the trial. PMID:15554888
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Lazzarotto, T.; Guerra, B.; Spezzacatena, P.; Varani, S.; Gabrielli, L.; Pradelli, P.; Rumpianesi, F.; Banzi, C.; Bovicelli, L.; Landini, M. P.
We report here the results of a study on the prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The study was carried out by both PCR and virus isolation from amniotic fluid (AF) for 82 pregnant women at risk of transmitting CMV for the detection of (i) seroconversion to CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity during the first trimester of pregnancy, (ii) symptomatic CMV infection in the mother during the first trimester of pregnancy or intrauterine growth retardation detected by...
Isolated fetal ascites: prenatal diagnosis and management.
Winn, H N; Stiller, R; Grannum, P A; Crane, J C; Coster, B; Romero, R
The perinatal outcomes of four patients with isolated fetal ascites were evaluated. The ascites disappeared prior to delivery in 50% of the cases and was resolved shortly after delivery in the remainder. Excellent neonatal outcomes were observed. Thus, isolated fetal ascites may represent a separate condition that significantly differs from the general category of nonimmune hydrops in both perinatal courses and prognoses. The prenatal diagnosis and management of this condition are discussed. PMID:2222632
Prenatal cortisol, prematurity and low birthweight
Field, Tiffany; Hernandez-reif, Maria; Diego, Miguel; Figueiredo, Ba?rbara; Schanberg, Saul; Kuhn, Cynthia
Three hundred depressed pregnant women were recruited at approximately 20 weeks gestation. They were then divided by a median split into high and low urinary cortisol level groups. The high cortisol group had higher CES-D depression scores and higher inhibition (BIS) scores prenatally. Their fetuses had smaller head circumference, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter and fetal weight. The high cortisol group neonates were shorter gestational age and lower birthweight and they...
Diagnóstico pré-natal das genodermatoses / Prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Maria Carolina de Abreu, Sampaio; Zilda Najjar Prado de, Oliveira; Javier, Miguelez.
Full Text Available O diagnóstico pré-natal está indicado para algumas genodermatoses graves, como a epidermólise bolhosa distrófica recessiva e a epidermólise bolhosa juncional. A biópsia de pele fetal foi introduzida em 1980, mas năo pode ser realizada antes da 15a semana de gestaçăo. A análise do DNA fetal é método [...] preciso e pode ser realizado mais precocemente na gestaçăo. No entanto, deve-se conhecer a base molecular da genodermatose, e é essencial determinar a mutaçăo e/ou marcadores informativos nas famílias com criança previamente afetada. O DNA fetal pode ser obtido pela biópsia da vilosidade coriônica ou amniocentese. O diagnóstico genético pré-implantaçăo tem surgido como alternativa que dispensa a interrupçăo da gestaçăo. Essa técnica, que envolve fertilizaçăo in vitro e teste genético do embriăo. vem sendo realizada para genodermatoses em poucos centros de referęncia. A ultra-sonografia é exame năo invasivo, mas tem uso limitado no diagnóstico pré-natal de genodermatoses. A ultrasonografia tridimensional geralmente estabelece o diagnóstico tardiamente na gestaçăo, e há apenas relatos anedóticos de diagnóstico pré-natal de genodermatoses usando esse método. Abstract in english Prenatal diagnostic testing is indicated for some severe genodermatoses, such as recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Fetal skin biopsy was introduced in 1980, but it cannot be performed before 15th gestational week. Fetal DNA analysis is a precise method [...] and can be performed earlier in pregnancy. However, the molecular basis of the genodermatoses must be known and it is essential to determine the gene mutations and/or informative markers in the families with a previously affected child. Fetal DNA can be obtained by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an alternative approach obviating the need for termination of pregnancy. It involves in vitro fertilization and genetic testing of embryos. However, this technique has been performed for genodermatoses in only a few reference centers. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive test, but has a limited use in prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses. Tridimensional ultrasonography usually establishes diagnosis late in pregnancy and there are only anecdotal reports of prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses using this method.
Diagnóstico pré-natal das genodermatoses Prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses
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Maria Carolina de Abreu Sampaio
Full Text Available O diagnóstico pré-natal está indicado para algumas genodermatoses graves, como a epidermólise bolhosa distrófica recessiva e a epidermólise bolhosa juncional. A biópsia de pele fetal foi introduzida em 1980, mas năo pode ser realizada antes da 15a semana de gestaçăo. A análise do DNA fetal é método preciso e pode ser realizado mais precocemente na gestaçăo. No entanto, deve-se conhecer a base molecular da genodermatose, e é essencial determinar a mutaçăo e/ou marcadores informativos nas famílias com criança previamente afetada. O DNA fetal pode ser obtido pela biópsia da vilosidade coriônica ou amniocentese. O diagnóstico genético pré-implantaçăo tem surgido como alternativa que dispensa a interrupçăo da gestaçăo. Essa técnica, que envolve fertilizaçăo in vitro e teste genético do embriăo. vem sendo realizada para genodermatoses em poucos centros de referęncia. A ultra-sonografia é exame năo invasivo, mas tem uso limitado no diagnóstico pré-natal de genodermatoses. A ultrasonografia tridimensional geralmente estabelece o diagnóstico tardiamente na gestaçăo, e há apenas relatos anedóticos de diagnóstico pré-natal de genodermatoses usando esse método.Prenatal diagnostic testing is indicated for some severe genodermatoses, such as recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Fetal skin biopsy was introduced in 1980, but it cannot be performed before 15th gestational week. Fetal DNA analysis is a precise method and can be performed earlier in pregnancy. However, the molecular basis of the genodermatoses must be known and it is essential to determine the gene mutations and/or informative markers in the families with a previously affected child. Fetal DNA can be obtained by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an alternative approach obviating the need for termination of pregnancy. It involves in vitro fertilization and genetic testing of embryos. However, this technique has been performed for genodermatoses in only a few reference centers. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive test, but has a limited use in prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses. Tridimensional ultrasonography usually establishes diagnosis late in pregnancy and there are only anecdotal reports of prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses using this method.
[The effect of family nursing on the lived experience of children living with schizophrenic fathers].
Chang, Hsiu-Ju; Chang, Chun-Ju; Lin, Ching-Rong; Chan, Tan-Hsuan; Shiau, Shu-Jen
The purpose of this study was to explore by means of the phenomenological method the effect of family nursing on the experience of six adolescent offspring living with schizophrenic fathers. Data were collected by family intervention with low structured interview. Three themes of the lived experience of adolescents were identified: stalemate, coping and transcendence. The sub-dimensions of stalemate included encounter with "sick father" and unstable emotion, which resulted from the negative impacts of the father's illness. The sub-dimensions of coping included "sick father" or "my father", being with "sick father", trying to take care of "sick father", identification and differentiation, and the reformulation of "my father". These sub-dimensions emerged after family intervention and included coping in cognition, emotion, and behaviors. The sub-dimensions of transcendence included positive attitude toward psychiatric patients, caring for father's disease and medications, and family life restructuring. The findings from this study could help psychiatric mental health nurses to apply family interventions in order to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of children living with schizophrenic fathers and to enable them to cope positively with the father's disease. PMID:18270932
Paternal Work Stress and Latent Profiles of Father-Infant Parenting Quality.
Goodman, W Benjamin; Crouter, Ann C; Lanza, Stephanie T; Cox, Martha J; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne
The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social-affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father-infant interactions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses suggested that a less-supportive work environment was associated with fathers' membership in multiple lower-quality parenting classes. Greater work pressure and a nonstandard work schedule also predicted fathers' membership in the latent parenting classes, although these associations differed depending on the number of hours fathers spent in the workplace. PMID:23152644
Alcoholic fathering and its relation to child's intellectual development: a pilot investigation.
Ervin, C S; Little, R E; Streissguth, A P; Beck, D E
In this study, the relationship between being raised by an alcoholic father and intellectual and academic achievement of the child were investigated. One hundred children of non-alcoholic mothers, 50 of whom had alcoholic fathers and 50 of whom had non-alcoholic fathers, were administered age-appropriate IQ, developmental, and achievement tests. Analysis of covariance revealed significant relationships between alcoholic fathering and IQ and achievement scores, independent of a number of possibly confounding variables. When children with alcoholic biological fathers were excluded, a relationship between IQ and alcoholic fathering persisted. Thus children raised by alcoholic fathers are a population at risk, in need of further scientific and clinical attention. PMID:6385758
A prenatal case with discrepant findings between non-invasive prenatal testing and fetal genetic testings
Pan, Qiong; Sun, Baojuan; Huang, Xiaoli; Jing, Xin; Liu, Hailiang; Jiang, Fuman; Zhou, Jie; Lin, Mengmeng; Yue, Hongni; Hu, Ping; Ning, Ying
At 17+4 week, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results of a 24-years-old mother showed high risk of monosomy X (45, X). Abnormally shaped head and cardiac defects were observed in prenatal ultrasound scan at 19+3 week. Amniocentesis conducted at 19+3 week identified karyotype 47, XX, +18, which suggested that the NIPT failed to detect trisomy 18 (T18) in this case. With a further massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of maternal blood, fetal and placental tissues, we found a confined pla...
A qualitative study of the experience of CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care for physicians
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McNeil Deborah A
Full Text Available Abstract Background This study sought to understand the central meaning of the experience of group prenatal care for physicians who were involved in providing CenteringPregnancy through a maternity clinic in Calgary, Canada. Method The study followed the phenomenological qualitative tradition. Three physicians involved in group prenatal care participated in a one-on-one interview between November and December 2009. Two physicians participated in verification sessions. Interviews followed an open ended general guide and were audio recorded and transcribed. The purpose of the analysis was to identify meaning themes and the core meaning experienced by the physicians. Results Six themes emerged: (1 having a greater exchange of information, (2 getting to knowing, (3 seeing women get to know and support each other, (4 sharing ownership of care, (5 having more time, and (6 experiencing enjoyment and satisfaction in providing care. These themes contributed to the core meaning for physicians of "providing richer care." Conclusions Physicians perceived providing better care and a better professional experience through CenteringPregnancy compared to their experience of individual prenatal care. Thus, CenteringPregnancy could improve work place satisfaction, increase retention of providers in maternity care, and improve health care for women.
Prenatal VPA exposure and changes in sensory processing by the superior colliculus
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Full Text Available Disorders involving dysfunctional sensory processing are characterized by an inability to filter sensory information, particularly simultaneously arriving multimodal inputs. We examined the effects of prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA, a teratogen linked to sensory dysfunction, on the behavior of juvenile and adult rats, and on the anatomy of the superior colliculus, a critical multisensory integration center in the brain. VPA-exposed rats showed deficits in colliculus-dependent behaviors including startle response, prepulse inhibition and nociceptive responses. Some deficits reversed with age. Stereological analyses revealed that colliculi of VPA-treated rats had significantly fewer parvalbumin-positive neurons, a subset of GABAergic cells. These results suggest that prenatal VPA treatment affects the development of the superior colliculus and leads to persistent anatomical changes evidenced by aberrant behavior in tasks that require sensory processing.
[Evaluation of prenatal assistance in the point of view of puerperas and hetalth care professionals].
Líbera, Beatriz Della; Saunders, Cláudia; Santos, Marta Maria Antonieta de Souza; Rimes, Karina Abibi; Brito, Fernanda Ribeiro Dos Santos de Sá; Baiăo, Mirian Ribeiro
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prenatal assistance in a public maternity hospital in the point of view of puerperas and health care professionals. Nineteen puerperas and six health professionals took part in the study. The puerperas answered a semi-structured interview and the health professionals took part in a focus group. The discourse analysis was based on in-depth hermeneutics. The main results pointed out that users showed a deep appreciation for the health professionals. Concerning the professional's view, pregnant women had a wrong knowledge of health during pregnancy. As regards the nutrition appointments, puerperas pointed out they had room for dialogue, support and encouragement. In conclusion, prenatal health education should consider that each woman is a unique individual with her own background. Bonding is of paramount importance for pregnant women to get involved with health-related issues. PMID:22124925
Prenatal VPA Exposure and Changes in Sensory Processing by the Superior Colliculus.
Dendrinos, Georgia; Hemelt, Marie; Keller, Asaf
Disorders involving dysfunctional sensory processing are characterized by an inability to filter sensory information, particularly simultaneously arriving multimodal inputs. We examined the effects of prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a teratogen linked to sensory dysfunction, on the behavior of juvenile and adult rats, and on the anatomy of the superior colliculus, a critical multisensory integration center in the brain. VPA-exposed rats showed deficits in colliculus-dependent behaviors including startle response, prepulse inhibition, and nociceptive responses. Some deficits reversed with age. Stereological analyses revealed that colliculi of VPA-treated rats had significantly fewer parvalbumin-positive neurons, a subset of GABAergic cells. These results suggest that prenatal VPA treatment affects the development of the superior colliculus and leads to persistent anatomical changes evidenced by aberrant behavior in tasks that require sensory processing. PMID:22025911
Fetal blood sampling in prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia at late pregnancy.
Karnpean, Rossarin
Fetal blood sampling is a procedure that involves the drawing of a blood sample from the umbilical vein of the umbilical cord, which can be performed after 18 weeks gestation. Fetal blood sampling is a preferable method for prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in second trimester or late pregnancy. Additionally, it is suggested to be performed in cases in which mosaicisms are identified by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS), areas where DNA analysis is not available, and when mutations of the parents are not known. Laboratory steps regarding prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood sampling were summarized, including the ensuring of fetal origin, determination of red blood cell parameters, fetal hemoglobin analysis, and finally fetal DNA analysis. The objective of this review is to present an overview of procedures in terms of benefits, laboratory interpretations, and some limitations. PMID:24851565
Migration and father absence: shifting family structure in Mexico.
Nobles, Jenna
Despite many changing demographic processes in Mexico-declining adult mortality, rising divorce, and rising nonmarital fertility-Mexican children's family structure has been most affected by rising migration rates. Data from five national surveys spanning three decades demonstrate that since 1976, migration has shifted from the least common to the most common form of father household absence. Presently, more than 1 in 5 children experience a father's migration by age 15; 1 in 11 experiences his departure to the United States. The proportions are significantly higher among those children born in rural communities and those born to less-educated mothers. The findings emphasize the importance of framing migration as a family process with implications for children's living arrangements and attendant well-being, particularly in resource-constrained countries. The stability of children's family life in these regions constitutes a substantial but poorly measured cost of worldwide increases in migration. PMID:23355282
Maternal macronutrient and energy intakes in pregnancy and offspring intake at 10 y: exploring parental comparisons and prenatal effects1234
Brion, Marie-Jo A; Ness, Andy R; Rogers, Imogen; Emmett, Pauline; Cribb, Victoria; Davey Smith, George; Lawlor, Debbie A
Background: High maternal dietary intakes in pregnancy may lead to increased fetal growth and program neuroendocrine pathways that result in greater appetite, energy intake, and adiposity in offspring later in life. Few prospective dietary studies have explored this relation. Objective: The objective was to assess associations of maternal dietary intake in pregnancy and maternal and paternal dietary intake postnatally with child dietary intake and adiposity. Design: Dietary intakes of energy, protein, total fat, and carbohydrate were assessed prospectively in mothers during pregnancy, in mothers and their partners at 47 mo postnatally, and in children at 10 y (n = 5717 mother-child pairs prenatally, 5593 mother-child pairs postnatally, and 3009 father-child pairs). Child body composition was assessed at 9 and 11 y (n = 5725). Results: Maternal dietary intakes of protein, fat (when adjusted for energy intake), and carbohydrate in pregnancy were positively associated with child dietary intakes of the same nutrients, and these associations were greater than those observed for paternal dietary intake, which was not strongly associated with offspring diet. Associations of maternal prenatal-offspring intakes were stronger than those of maternal postnatal-offspring intakes for protein and fat. Greater child energy and macronutrient intakes were only associated with greater adiposity in children when adjusted for potential energy underreporting. Maternal diet during pregnancy was not associated with offspring adiposity or lean mass. Conclusion: The stronger prenatal maternal associations with child dietary intake, particularly protein and fat, compared with both paternal intake associations and maternal postnatal intake associations provide some evidence for in utero programming of offspring appetite by maternal intake during pregnancy. PMID:20053880
Fathers, sons and the political in contemporary Afrikaans fiction
Visagie, Andries
This article examines the role of the father in the transferral of ideological beliefs to the son within the Afrikaans-speaking family as represented in the fiction of contemporary male authors, specifically Alexander Strachan, Mark Behr and S.P. Benjamin. The research is guided by the central question of ideological factors regulating the relation between gender and politics. Kaja Silverman's interpretation of Jacques Lacan's work and her psychoanalytical distinction between the penis and th...
Pierre Jacquinot: a scientist, a professor and a father
Jacquinot, Jean
The milestones of Pierre Jacquinot's scientific career are deeply linked to his personal life. For the author, Pierre Jacquinot was primarily and fully a father. At home, he occasionally talked about science but was discreet about the impressive progress of his work. However a combined passion for both science and teaching would emerge at all times. This paper is an account of the evolution of his career and of his thoughts through the eyes of an admiring son who is also a scientist.
Functional significance of hormonal changes in mammalian fathers.
Saltzman, W; Ziegler, T E
In the 5-10% of mammals in which both parents routinely provide infant care, fathers as well as mothers undergo systematic endocrine changes as they transition into parenthood. Although fatherhood-associated changes in such hormones and neuropeptides as prolactin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin and oxytocin have been characterised in only a small number of biparental rodents and primates, they appear to be more variable than corresponding changes in mothers, and experimental studies typically have not provided strong or consistent evidence that these endocrine shifts play causal roles in the activation of paternal care. Consequently, their functional significance remains unclear. We propose that endocrine changes in mammalian fathers may enable males to meet the species-specific demands of fatherhood by influencing diverse aspects of their behaviour and physiology, similar to many effects of hormones and neuropeptides in mothers. We review the evidence for such effects, focusing on recent studies investigating whether mammalian fathers in biparental species undergo systematic changes in (i) energetics and body composition; (ii) neural plasticity, cognition and sensory physiology; and (iii) stress responsiveness and emotionality, all of which may be mediated by endocrine changes. The few published studies, based on a small number of rodent and primate species, suggest that hormonal and neuropeptide alterations in mammalian fathers might mediate shifts in paternal energy balance, body composition and neural plasticity, although they do not appear to have major effects on stress responsiveness or emotionality. Further research is needed on a wider variety of biparental mammals, under more naturalistic conditions, to more fully determine the functional significance of hormone and neuropeptide profiles of mammalian fatherhood and to clarify how fatherhood may trade off with (or perhaps enhance) aspects of organismal function in biparental mammals. PMID:25039657
Mothers, Fathers and Children after Divorce: The Role of Institutions
Del Boca, Daniela
In recent years the increase in the divorce rate in many advanced countries and the predominance of female-headed families among the poor has generated much interest in the relationship between divorce and the welfare of mothers and children. In this paper I will review a small body of economic literature which has been recently developed in order to analyze the economic consequence of divorce on the welfare of fathers, mothers and children under alternative behavioral assumptions. Important ...
After domestic abuse: children's perspectives on contact with fathers
Morrison, Fiona
Contact between children and their fathers following parental separation is a sensitive and controversial subject. This is especially so where there has been a history of domestic abuse before parental separation. This briefing outlines the findings of a Master's thesis that aimed to gain children's perspectives on this issue. Key findings included: 1. Children were acutely aware of the domestic abuse that had occurred and of the impact it had on their and their mother's relati...
[Antinociceptive properties of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in the model of inflammatory pain in rats of different age with prenatal deficit of serotonine and under stress].
Butkevich, I P; Mikha?lenko, V A; Makukhina, G V
The role of peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in the nociceptive behavioral response and the effect of the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron on indices of acute and tonic pain were investigated in the formalin test in 25- and 90-day-old Wistar male rats. The experimental rats were prenatally exposed to 5-HT depletion (a single injection ofparachlorophenilalanine 400 mg/kg/2 ml, i. p.; ICN, USA to the dams on day 9 of pregnancy) and to stress (dams immobilization during the last week of pregnancy). Antinociceptive effects of ondansetron in the rats with both prenatal 5-HT deficiency and stress (experimental rats) and prenatal injection of saline solution and stress (control rats) were more obvious in the younger animals. Prenatal 5-HT deficiency attenuated the antinociceptive effect of ondansetron in licking patterns in the younder age group in acute pain, and in adults--in tonic pain. Thus, the data obtained in the rats with prenatal 5-HT deficiency and stress indicate involvement of 5-HT3 receptors in mediation of prolonged pain in the formalin test, and antinociceptive effect of ondansetron which is attenuated in animals with prenatal 5-HT deficiency and specifically depends on rat's age. PMID:17461023
Including Men in Prenatal Health: The Potential of e-Health to Improve Birth Outcomes.
Mackert, Michael; Guadagno, Marie; Donovan, Erin; Whitten, Pamela
Abstract Background: The U.S. infant mortality rate is the highest in the developed world, and disparity impacts underserved populations. Traditional maternal health focuses on women, excluding men from information affecting family health. Scholars advocate including men in prenatal health to reduce infant mortality, a proven strategy in developing nations. This study explored the role of U.S. men in prenatal health, barriers to involvement, and the use of e-health. Special attention was given to health literacy; research indicates e-health is effective in educating low health-literate audiences. Materials and Methods: This study interviewed men with an average age of 33 years (n=32). The sample was 38% Hispanic, 28% African American, 28% white, and 6% multiracial. Participants were asked about pregnancy health and used a pregnancy-related e-health application on a tablet computer. Participants provided opinions on content, ease of use of the tablet, and willingness to use similar applications. Results: Men believe it is important to be involved in pregnancy to help ensure healthy births. Most use mobile devices and computers for health information and found the application to be useful and interesting. Most concluded they would use a similar application to learn about pregnancy. Health literacy had minimal impact on participants' use of the tablet and information. Conclusions: This study explored the role men play in prenatal health, a promising avenue toward better birth outcomes. Using e-health is an opportune approach-it can reach men unavailable to attend prenatal programs because of work or feeling unwelcome at programs deemed "only for women." PMID:25489723
Fathers' sensitive parenting and the development of early executive functioning.
Towe-Goodman, Nissa R; Willoughby, Michael; Blair, Clancy; Gustafsson, Hanna C; Mills-Koonce, W Roger; Cox, Martha J
Using data from a diverse sample of 620 families residing in rural, predominately low-income communities, this study examined longitudinal links between fathers' sensitive parenting in infancy and toddlerhood and children's early executive functioning, as well as the contribution of maternal sensitive parenting. After accounting for the quality of concurrent and prior parental care, children's early cognitive ability, and other child and family factors, fathers' and mothers' sensitive and supportive parenting during play at 24 months predicted children's executive functioning at 3 years of age. In contrast, paternal parenting quality during play at 7 months did not make an independent contribution above that of maternal care, but the links between maternal sensitive and supportive parenting and executive functioning seemed to operate in similar ways during infancy and toddlerhood. These findings add to prior work on early experience and children's executive functioning, suggesting that both fathers and mothers play a distinct and complementary role in the development of these self-regulatory skills. PMID:25347539
Bringing work home: the emotional experiences of mothers and fathers.
Matjasko, Jennifer L; Feldman, Amy F
Given the salience of work in our society, this study investigated how intrinsic work motivation, work hours, and taking time for self influenced the interplay between the emotional climates of work and home. The authors examined day-to-day emotional transmission between work and home (spillover) for 143 families using the experience sampling method and interview data from the Sloan Center's 500 Family Study (L. J. Waite & B. Schneider, 1997). Intrinsic work motivation, work hours, and taking time for self were used as predictors of spillover. There was evidence of emotional transmission from work to home for mothers' happiness, anger, and anxiety as well as for father's anxiety. Also, fathers scoring higher on intrinsic work motivation tended to report greater overall anxiety at home after the workday. Anxiety from work was less likely to spill over to the home when fathers reported working longer hours. These findings have practice implications for improving worker productivity and the well-being of two-working-parent families. PMID:16569089
Impact of Combined Prenatal Ethanol and Prenatal Stress Exposure on Anxiety and Hippocampal-sensitive Learning in Adult Offspring
Staples, Miranda C.; Rosenberg, Martina J.; Allen, Nyika A.; Porch, Morgan W.; Savage, Daniel D.
Background Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) and prenatal stress have both been independently shown to induce learning deficits and anxiety behavior in adult offspring. However, the interactive effects of these two developmental teratogens on behavioral outcomes have not been systematically evaluated. Methods We combined an established moderate prenatal EtOH consumption paradigm where Long-Evans rat dams voluntarily consume either a 0% or 5% EtOH solution in 0.066% saccharin water (resulting in a mean peak maternal serum EtOH concentration of 84 mg/dL) with a novel prenatal stress paradigm. Pregnant rats were exposed to 3% 2,3,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT) for 20 minutes a day on Gestational Days 13, 15, 17, and 19. Adult female offspring were evaluated for anxiety-like behavior using an elevated plus maze and hippocampal-sensitive learning using a two-trial trace conditioning task. Results TMT exposure produced a three-fold increase in maternal serum corticosterone compared to non-exposed, unhandled controls. Neither prenatal exposure paradigm, either alone or in combination, altered maternal weight gain, ethanol consumption, maternal care of litters, litter size, pup birth weight, or pup weight gain up to weaning. Offspring exposed to prenatal stress displayed significant increases in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze in terms of open arm entries and time spent on the open arms, with no significant effect of prenatal EtOH exposure and no interaction of the two prenatal exposures. Performance in a two-trial trace conditioning task revealed a significant effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on freezing behavior on the testing day, with no significant effect of prenatal stress exposure and no interaction of the two prenatal exposures. Conclusions While each prenatal exposure independently produced different behavioral outcomes, the results indicate that there is no significant interaction of prenatal ethanol and prenatal stress exposures on learning or anxiety at the exposure levels employed in this dual exposure paradigm. Subsequent studies will examine whether similar outcomes occur in male offspring and whether other measures of anxiety or learning are differentially impacted by these prenatal exposure paradigms. PMID:23915215
The Childhood Experience of Being a War Orphan: A Study of the Effects of Father Loss on Women Whose Fathers Were Killed in World War II
Taylor, Sharon Estill
Asking the research question, "What is the lived experience of women whose fathers died in World War II?" led to awareness of the unexplored impact of war loss on children. It was hypothesized that this research would show that women who experienced father-loss due to war would share commonality in certain areas. Areas of exploration including…
Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Depression and Cortisol Influences Infant Temperament
Davis, Elysia Poggi; Glynn, Laura M.; Schetter, Christine Dunkel; Hobel, Calvin; Chicz-Demet, Aleksandra; Sandman, Curt A.
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that prenatal maternal and fetal processes can have a lasting influence on infant and child development. Results from animal models indicate that prenatal exposure to maternal stress and stress hormones has lasting consequences for development of the offspring. Few prospective studies of human pregnancy…
Does Rural Residence Affect Access to Prenatal Care in Oregon?
Epstein, Beth; Grant, Therese; Schiff, Melissa; Kasehagen, Laurin
Context: Identifying how maternal residential location affects late initiation of prenatal care is important for policy planning and allocation of resources for intervention. Purpose: To determine how rural residence and other social and demographic characteristics affect late initiation of prenatal care, and how residence status is associated…
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital renal and urinary tract malformations
Hindryckx, A.; Catte, L.
Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and the urinary tract are the most common sonographically identified malformations in the prenatal period. Obstructive uropathies account for the majority of cases. The aim of prenatal diagnosis and management is to detect those anomalies having impact on the prognosis of the affected child and requiring early postnatal evaluation or treatment to minimize adverse outcomes.
Father absence and reproduction-related outcomes in Malaysia, a transitional fertility population.
Sheppard, Paula; Snopkowski, Kristin; Sear, Rebecca
Father absence is consistently associated with children's reproductive outcomes in industrialized countries. It has been suggested that father absence acts as a cue to particular environmental conditions that influence life history strategies. Much less is known, however, about the effects of father absence on such outcomes in lower-income countries. Using data from the 1988 Malaysian Family Life Survey (n = 567), we tested the effect of father absence on daughters' age at menarche, first marriage, and first birth; parity progression rates; and desired completed family size in Malaysia, a country undergoing an economic and fertility transition. Father absence during later childhood (ages 8 to 15), although not during earlier childhood, was associated with earlier progressions to first marriage and first birth, after controlling for other confounders. Father absence does not affect age at menarche, desired family size, or progression from first to second birth. The patterns found in this transitional population partly mirror those in developed societies, where father absence accelerates reproductive events. There is, however, a notable contrast between the acceleration in menarche for father-absent girls consistently found in developed societies and the lack of any association in our findings. The mechanisms through which father absence affects reproduction may differ in different ecological contexts. In lower-income contexts, direct paternal investment or influence may be of more importance in determining reproductive behavior than whether fathers act as a cue to environmental conditions. PMID:24610662
Causes and outcome of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis.
Ahmadzadeh, Ali; Tahmasebi, Morteza; Gharibvand, Mohammad Momen
Hydronephrosis is the most common abnormal finding in the urinary tract on prenatal screening with ultrasonography (U/S). Hydronephrosis may be obstructive or non-obstructive; obstructive lesions are more harmful to the developing kidneys. The aim of the study was to evaluate the causes of renal pelvic dilatation and the outcome of postnatal treatment in infants with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally with U/S. We prospectively studied 67 (60 males) newborns with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally and confirmed postnatally with U/S from Sept. 2005 to Oct. 2007. The patients were allocated to three groups based on the mea-surement of the anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD) in transverse plane: mild (6-9.9 mm), moderate (10-14.9 mm) and severe (> or =15 mm) hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was obtained in all of the patients to rule out vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). In cases with negative VUR, Diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) scan with diuretic renography was performed to detect ureteropelvic joint obstruction (UPJO). Twenty two cases (32.8%) had mild, 20 (29.9%) had moderate, and 25 (37.3%) had severe hydronephrosis. The causes of hydroneph-rosis were VUR (40.2%), UPJO (32.8%), posterior urethral valves (PUVs) (13.4 %), and transient hydronephrosis (13.4 %). The lesion was obstructive in 37 (55.2%) infants. Totally, 33 (49.2%) patients with hydronephrosis (9 mild, 9 moderate, and 15 severe) subsequently developed com-plications such as UTI and renal insufficiency, or required surgery. Associated abnormalities were observed in 15 (22.4%) patients. We conclude that every newborn with any degree of hydro-nephrosis should be assessed postnatally for specific diagnosis and treatment. PMID:19237812
Causes and outcome of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis
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Hydronephrosis is the most common abnormal finding in the urinary tract on prenatal screening with ultrasonography (U/S). Hydronephrosis may be obstructive or nonobstructive; obstructive lesions are more harmful to the developing kidneys. The aim of the study was to evaluate the causes of renal pelvic dilatation and the outcome of postnatal treatment in infants with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally with U/S. We prospectively studied 67 (60 males) newborns with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally and confirmed postnatally with U/S from Sept. 2005 to Oct. 2007. The patients were allocated to three groups based on the mea-surement of the anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD) in transverse plane: mild (6-9.9 mm), moderate (10-14.9 mm) and severe (> 15 mm) hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was obtained in all of the patients to rule out vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). In cases with negative VUR, Diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) scan with diuretic renography was performed to detect ureteropelvic joint obstruction (UPJO). Twenty two cases (32.8%) had mild, 20 (29.9%) had moderate, and 25 (37.3%) had severe hydronephrosis. The causes of hydronephrosis were VUR (40.2%), UPJO (32.8%), posterior urethral valves (PUVs) (13.4 %), and transient hydronephrosis (13.4 %). The lesion was obstructive in 37 (55.2%) infants. Totally, 33 (49.2%) patients with hydronephrosis (9 mild, 9 moderate, and 15 severe) subsequently developed complications such as UTquently developed complications such as UTI and renal insufficiency, or required surgery. Associated abnormalities were observed in 15 (22.4%) patients. We conclude that every newborn with any degree of hydronephrosis should be assessed postnatally for specific diagnosis and treatment. (author)
Brain fibronectin expression in prenatally irradiated mice
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Activation of gene transcription by radiation has been recently demonstrated in vivo. However, little is known on the specificity of these alterations on gene transcription. Prenatal irradiation is a known teratogen that affects the developing mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Altered neuronal migration has been suggested as a mechanism for abnormal development of prenatally irradiated brains. Fibronectin (FN), an extracellular glycoprotein, is essential for neural crest cell migration and neural cell growth. In addition, elevated levels of FN have been found in the extracellular matrix of irradiated lung. To test whether brain FN is affected by radiation, either FN level in insoluble matrix fraction or expression of FN mRNA was examined pre- and postnatally after irradiation. Mice (CD1), at 13 d of gestation (DG), served either as controls or were irradiated with 14 DG, 17 DG, or 5,6, or 14 d postnatal. Brain and liver were collected from offspring and analyzed for either total FN protein levels or relative mRNAs for FN and tubulin. Results of prenatal irradiation on reduction of postnatal brain weight relative to whole are comparable to that reported by others. Insoluble matrix fraction (IMF) per gram of brain, liver, lung, and heart weight was not significantly different either between control and irradiated groups or between postnatal stages, suggesting that radiation did not affect the IMF. However, total amounts of FN in brain IMF at 17 DG were significant FN in brain IMF at 17 DG were significantly different (p < .02) between normal (1.66 ± 0.80 ?g) and irradiated brains (0.58 ± 0.22 ?g). FN mRNA was detectable at 13, 14, and 17 DG, but was not detectable at 6 and 14 d postnatal, indicating that FN mRNA is developmentally regulated. 41 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs
Causes and outcome of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis
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Ahmadzadeh Ali
Full Text Available Hydronephrosis is the most common abnormal finding in the urinary tract on prenatal screening with ultrasonography (U/S. Hydronephrosis may be obstructive or non-obstructive; obstructive lesions are more harmful to the developing kidneys. The aim of the study was to evaluate the causes of renal pelvic dilatation and the outcome of postnatal treatment in infants with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally with U/S. We prospectively studied 67 (60 males newborns with hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally and confirmed postnatally with U/S from Sept. 2005 to Oct. 2007. The patients were allocated to three groups based on the mea-surement of the anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD in transverse plane: mild (6-9.9 mm, moderate (10-14.9 mm and severe (> 15 mm hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG was obtained in all of the patients to rule out vesicoureteral reflux (VUR. In cases with negative VUR, Diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA scan with diuretic renography was performed to detect ureteropelvic joint obstruction (UPJO. Twenty two cases (32.8% had mild, 20 (29.9% had moderate, and 25 (37.3% had severe hydronephrosis. The causes of hydroneph-rosis were VUR (40.2%, UPJO (32.8%, posterior urethral valves (PUVs (13.4 %, and transient hydronephrosis (13.4 %. The lesion was obstructive in 37 (55.2% infants. Totally, 33 (49.2% patients with hydronephrosis (9 mild, 9 moderate, and 15 severe subsequently developed com-plications such as UTI and renal insufficiency, or required surgery. Associated abnormalities were observed in 15 (22.4% patients. We conclude that every newborn with any degree of hydro-nephrosis should be assessed postnatally for specific diagnosis and treatment.
Prenatal diagnosis of minute supernumerary marker chromosomes.
Cotter, Philip D; Drexler, Kathryn; Corley, Amy L; Covert, Susan M; Moland, Jessica S; Govberg, Inna J; Norton, Mary E
The identification of supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMC) at prenatal diagnosis is problematic, particularly for the prediction of phenotype. The assessment of phenotypic risk is based on the size, morphology and origin of the SMC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) characterization and family studies are also employed to aid in determining the significance of a prenatally ascertained SMC. Generally, SMC containing euchromatin are more likely to be associated with abnormal phenotypes and SMC without euchromatin are more likely to result in normal phenotypes. The smallest of SMC, minute SMC (minSMC) appear as dot-like or centric fragments and are particularly difficult to identify and characterize. Previous empirical observations suggested that the risk of phenotypic abnormality in prenatally ascertained minSMC was chromosome-specific centromere probes. Further FISH analysis with whole chromosome paint probes was undertaken to assess each minSMC for the presence or absence of euchromatin, since the presence of euchromatin may be associated with a higher risk of abnormality. Two minSMC were shown to have euchromatin. The first, a minSMC(12) was found in CVS but not confirmed in amniocytes, indicating confined placental mosaicism. The second, a minSMC derived from chromosome 19, was associated with ultrasound abnormalities. Apart from a case with mild speech delay, the remaining minSMC cases without detectable euchromatin had a normal outcome at birth and/or on longer term follow-up. Additional FISH analyses with a telomeric repeat probe showed no signal on any of the minSMC tested, suggesting that they were ring chromosomes in structure. These data further support the concept that minSMC containing euchromatin are more likely to be associated with an abnormal phenotype, although as more data are collected, this may vary by chromosome of origin. The absence of detectable euchromatin, while not guaranteeing a normal result, is most likely to have a normal outcome. The present report and previous studies do not yet allow any significant adjustment of the empirical < or = 5% risk estimate for minSMC identified at prenatal diagnosis. However, reporting of additional cases with characterization of the minSMC and particularly with long-term follow-up will, in time, allow for more accurate risk estimates and provide prognostic information. PMID:15689640
Mesenchymal hamartoma: prenatal diagnosis by MRI
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Chu, Leysia [The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Toronto (Canada); Seed, Mike [The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Toronto (Canada); Howse, Erica; Ryan, Greg [University of Toronto, Fetal Medicine Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (Canada); Grosse-Wortmann, Lars [The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Toronto (Canada); The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Toronto (Canada)
The clinical presentation of thoracic mesenchymal hamartomas varies from an asymptomatic chest wall mass to severe respiratory distress resulting from compression of the airways and lungs. We present the findings on fetal US and MRI of a histologically confirmed case. Following surgical resection, pathological examination corresponded to the cross-sectional imaging features with haemorrhagic, cystic and calcified components. An awareness of the characteristic imaging findings will allow accurate diagnosis of this condition, even prenatally, and thus facilitate appropriate perinatal management and surgical planning. (orig.)
Prenatal Diagnosis of ?-Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies.
Luisella Saba; Maria Cristina Rosatelli
Prenatal diagnosis of ?-thalassemia was accomplished for the first time in the 1970s by globin chain synthesis analysis on fetal blood...
"L'homme qui n'élčve pas ses enfants ne devrait pas ętre appelé un pčre" ? Les tendances du discours sur la paternité et le dilemme paternel au Japon "The Man who Doesn't Raise his Child Shouldn't Be Called a Father"? The Trends of Discourse on Fatherhood and Father's Dilemma in Japan
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Futoshi Taga
Full Text Available La paternité japonaise a longtemps été caractérisée par un engagement professionnel exacerbé et une absence marquée au niveau familial. Cependant, le contexte économique et politique récent a induit certains changements dans la maničre d'appréhender la paternité. Il est ainsi possible d'identifier trois types de positionnements dans les discours récents relatifs ŕ la paternité au Japon : 1 le pčre "pourvoyeur", garantissant les ressources économiques nécessaires aux besoins des enfants, 2 le pčre "socialisateur", encadrant ses enfants dans l'apprentissage des normes sociales, 3 le pčre "soigneur", aidant ses enfants pour ce qu'ils ne peuvent faire. Il n'est pas facile pour les pčres de trouver un équilibre par rapport aux responsabilités que ces trois approches supposent. Les codes professionnels valorisant "l'homme dominant" et les carences du systčme d'encadrement des enfants obligent de nombreux pčres ŕ s'investir énormément dans leur vie professionnelle tandis que de nombreuses mčres restent ŕ la maison. Les réactions des pčres face ŕ cette situation sont variées. Certains valorisent une division genrée des responsabilités parentales et se consacrent pleinement ŕ leur travail. D'autres articulent travail et famille tandis que l'épouse reste ŕ la maison. D'autres, enfin, optent pour une articulation travail/famille impliquant les deux membres du couple, redéfinissant ainsi la signification de la masculinité.Japanese fatherhood has been characterized as preoccupation with work and alienation from family. However, Japan's recent political and economic conditions have brought about changes and diversification in fatherhood. We can recognize three types of father's responsibilities in recent discourses on fatherhood in Japan : 1 "provider," supplying necessary economic resources for the growth of children, 2 "socializer," supporting children to learn social norms and good manners, 3 "carer," helping children by doing what children cannot do. It is difficult for fathers to keep a balance between the responsibility as a provider and as a socializer/carer. Male-dominant employment practices and insufficient child-support systems force many fathers to work very long and many mothers to stay home. Fathers' reactions to the conflict are various. Some affirm gender division of parental responsibilities and justify their insufficient involvement in childcare. Some take a responsibility as a sole provider and make an effort to get involved in childcare as much as possible. Some try to juggle work and childcare and build egalitarian relationship with his wife, rethinking the meaning of masculinity.
Sensory Processing Disorder in a Primate Model: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Alcohol and Prenatal Stress Effects
Schneider, Mary L.; Moore, Colleen F.; Gajewski, Lisa L.; Larson, Julie A.; Roberts, Andrew D.; Converse, Alexander K.; DeJesus, Onofre T.
Disrupted sensory processing, characterized by over- or underresponsiveness to environmental stimuli, has been reported in children with a variety of developmental disabilities. This study examined the effects of prenatal stress and moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure on tactile sensitivity and its relationship to striatal dopamine system…
Daily sperm production : Application in studies of prenatal exposure to nanoparticles in mice
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kyjovska, Zdenka Orabi; Boisen, Anne Mette Zenner
We investigated the influence of maternal airway exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (TiO2, UV-Titan) and carbon black (CB, Printex90), on male reproductive function in the two following generations. Time-mated C57BL/6J mice were exposed by inhalation to UV-Titan, or by intratracheal instillation with Printex90. Body and testicle weight, sperm content per g testicular parenchyma and daily sperm production (DSP) were assessed. The protocol for assessment of DSP was optimized for application in mice (C57BL/6J) and the influence of different parameters was studied. Maternal particulate exposure did not affect DSP statistically significantly in the F1 generation, although TiO2 tended to reduce sperm counts. Overall, time-to-first F2 litter increased with decreasing sperm production. There was no effect on sperm production in the F2 generation originating after TiO2 exposure. F2 offspring, whose fathers were prenatally exposed to Printex90, showed lowered sperm production. Furthermore, we report statistically significant differences in sperm production between mouse strains.
Mutation analysis of GJB2 gene and prenatal diagnosis in a non-syndromic deafness family
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Xiao-hua CHEN
Full Text Available Objective?To identify the pathogenic gene in a non-syndromic deafness family, provide an accurate genetic consultation and early intervention for deaf family to reduce the incidence of congenital deafness. Methods?Mutation analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing of coding region of GJB2 gene. The fetal DNA was extracted from the amniotic fluid cells by amniocentesis at 20 weeks during pregnancy. The genotype of the fetus was characterized for predicting the status of hearing. Results?Complex heterozygous mutations 235delC and 176-191del16bp were detected in the proband of the family, heterozygous mutation 176-191del16bp was detected in the father, and 235delC was detected in the mother. Fetus carried 235delC heterozygous mutation inherited from his mother. Conclusions?The proband's hearing loss is resulted from the complex heterozygous mutations 235delC and 176-191del16bp in GJB2 gene. Fetus is a heterozygous mutation 235delC carrier. Prenatal diagnosis for deafness assisted by genetic test can provide efficient guidance about offspring's hearing condition, and prevent another deaf-mute member from birth. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.07.09
Prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 12q: clinical presentations and outcome.
Peng, Hsiu-Huei; Wang, Tzu-Hao; Hsueh, Ding-Wei; Chang, Shuenn-Dyh; Soong, Yung-Kuei
We present a pregnant woman with a fetus prenatally diagnosed as 46, XY,der(4) t(4;12) (q35.1; q21.2). This defect resulted from the unbalanced segregation of a paternal balanced translocation, t(4;12) (q35.1; q21.2). Prenatal ultrasound revealed borderline ventriculomegaly, a thick nuchal fold, pericardial effusion, arthrogryposis, a single umbilical artery, and micropenis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome painting probe and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis further confirmed chromosomal gain of terminal 12q. The woman had her pregnancy terminated at 20 weeks of gestational age. When compared with previously reported cases, the proband had characteristics common to the phenotypes of partial trisomy 12q, including an abnormal facial appearance and multiple anomalies. Additionally, this case had previously unreported phenotypes, such as arthrogryposis, a single umbilical artery, and a micropenis. Regarding the outcome of partial trisomy 12q, the fetuses carrying trisomies distal to 12q24 have a good chance of extended postnatal survival. In contrast, the cases with trisomies involving a larger amount of 12q likely die prenatally or within a few days after birth. PMID:15966037
Dural sinus malformation (DSM) in fetuses. Diagnostic value of prenatal MRI and follow-up
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Dural sinus malformations (DSM) are rare malformations mainly reported after birth. The objectives of this study are to describe their prenatal patterns and to focus on their possible favorable outcome. This multicenter retrospective study reported 13 cases of DSM prenatally diagnosed. The admission criterion was a dural mass posterior to the vermis. In 12 patients, MRI was performed after US. Follow-up in 10 born babies (mean: 8 months) and three neuropathological examinations were available. In all fetuses, DSM presented as a well-delimited round mass involving the torcular. The follow-up examinations (n = 10) revealed progressive thrombosis of the DSM marked by a heterogeneous pattern (US and MRI) with concentric rings. The volume of the mass decreased, with complete regression in seven patients (five before and two after birth). One child died at the age of 5 months in the context of major hydrocephalus and another developed atrophy of the frontal lobes. The eight other babies were doing well (5 days to 3 years) without any treatment (n = 6) or following treatment for hydrocephalus (n 2). Prenatal DSM may have a typical MR pattern, and the prognosis might not be as bad as has previously been reported. In the absence of criterion to predict the hydrovenous cerebral imbalance, it is mandatory to check the parenchyma and the ventricles during the pregnancy. (orig.)
Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo satellited chromosome 18 (18ps) associated with 18p deletion.
Prontera, P; Aiello, V; Toschi, M; Turci, A; Gruppioni, R; Buldrini, B; Zago, S; Bonfatti, A; Donti, E; Calzolari, E; Sensi, A
De novo satellited non-acrocentric chromosomes are very rare findings in prenatal diagnosis. Here we report the first case of a de novo 18ps, associated with del(18p), detected at prenatal diagnosis. A 37 years old woman underwent Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) for advanced maternal age. Cytogenetic analysis on direct CVS preparation (CVSc) revealed a male karyotype with a nonfamilial satellited 18ps and a reciprocal translocation t(17;19)(P11.1;q11) of maternal origin. The mesenchimal CVS culture (CVSm) showed a mosaic of cell lines with various involvement of chromosome 18: 18ps [36/70]/ r(18) [25/70]/ del(18p) [3/70]/ -18 [6/70]. Amniotic fluid cells (AFC) confirmed the homogeneous karyotype found at CVSc. The molecular cytogenetic characterization, performed on AFC, allowed the following diagnosis: 46,XY, +15, dic(15;18)(p11.1;p11.2), t(17;19)(p11.1;q11)mat. ish dic(15;18)(tel 18p-, D15Z1+, wcp18-, wcp 18+, D18Z1+, tel 18q+). The foetal autopsy disclosed subtle facial dysmorphisms and corpus callosum hypoplasia. In case of prenatal detection of de novo terminal ectopic NORs an accurate cytogenetic and molecular analysis should be performed in order to rule out subtle unbalancements. PMID:18019372
Parental involvement in paediatric cancer treatment decisions
Mckenna, K.; Collier, J.; Hewitt, M.; Blake, H.
This study investigated parents' information needs and involvement in decision-making processes affecting the care of children diagnosed with cancer. Interviews and questionnaires were used to assess parental satisfaction in 50 mothers and 16 fathers responsible for 58 children in an English Paediatric Oncology Unit. Parents reported that doctors contributed almost twice as much to the decision-making process as they did, but parental satisfaction was positively correlated with the amount of ...
La estimulación prenatal: Resultados relevantes en el periparto / Prenatal stimulation: Results in the peripartum period
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M. J., Aguilar Cordero; M., Vieite Ravelo; C. A., Padilla López; N., Mur Villar; M., Rizo Baeza; C. I., Gómez García.
Full Text Available Durante el proceso gestacional, el estrés prolongado y las preocupaciones que genera este período pueden alterar el desarrollo y la función del hemisferio derecho; de ahí la importancia que se atribuye a los distintos programas de estimulación temprana dirigido a las mujeres gestantes. Objetivos: De [...] terminar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Material: Se realizó un estudio experimental en cinco áreas de salud del municipio de Cienfuegos (Cuba) para identificar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto y de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Metodología: Se efectuó una muestra intencional de la totalidad del universo, correspondiente a una n = 200 embarazadas, entre las 20 y las 28 semanas de gestación. Las variables estudiadas fueron la duración del trabajo del parto, el peso del recién nacido, el apgar al nacimiento, el tipo de parto y la opinión que las mujeres estudiadas tenían sobre el programa. Resultados: En el 36% de la población estudiada, el trabajo del parto fue menor de 6 horas. En el 67,5%, el recién nacido tuvo un peso comprendido entre 2.500 y 3.000 gramos y para el 96,5% de los hijos de las madres estimuladas, el apgar al nacer fue evaluado entre 8 y 9. En el 68,5% de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación, su parto fue eutócico y el 96% de las mujeres participantes está satisfecha con el programa recibido. Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que estos nuevos programas de estimulación prenatal son bien aceptadas por la embarazada. Abstract in english During pregnancy, the prolonged stress and worry felt by mothers can alter the development and function of the right brain hemisphere. For this reason, importance is given to prenatal stimulation programs for pregnant women. Objectives: To determine the perinatal results in the moment of childbirth [...] in mothers who had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Material. An experimental study was conducted in five health districts in the town of Cienfuegos (Cuba) with a view to identifying the perinatal results at the moment of childbirth in women that had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Methodology: The study consisted of an intentional sampling of all of the subjects (n = 200 women who were 20-28 weeks pregnant). The variables studied were the following: duration of labor, baby's birth weight, Apgar score at birth, type of childbirth, and opinion of the subjects about the prenatal stimulation program. Results: Of the population sample, 36% of the subjects gave birth in less than six hours; 67.5% had babies weighing 2,500-3,000 grams; and 96.5% had babies whose Apgar scores were between 8 and 9. Finally, 68.5% of the subjects had natural childbirths and 96% were satisfied with the prenatal stimulation program. Conclusions. The results obtained showed that these new prenatal stimulation programs were well received by the subjects in this study.
Paternal Depression and Risk for Child Neglect in Father-Involved Families of Young Children
Lee, Shawna J.; Taylor, Catherine A.; Bellamy, Jennifer L.
Objective: To examine the association of paternal depression with risk for parental neglect of young children. Study design: The sample was derived from a birth cohort study of 1,089 families in which both biological parents resided in the home when the target child was 3- and 5-years old. Prospective analyses examined the contribution of paternal…
Parental Spanking and Subsequent Risk for Child Aggression in Father-Involved Families of Young Children
Lee, Shawna J.; Taylor, Catherine A.; Altschul, Inna; Rice, Janet C.
This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by eith...
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6q25.3-qter and monosomy 10q26.12-qter by array CGH in a fetus with an apparently normal karyotype.
Marinescu, Ponnila S; Saller, Devereux N; Parks, W Tony; Yatsenko, Svetlana A; Rajkovic, Aleksandar
We present the prenatal case of a 12.5-Mb duplication involving 6q25-qter and a 12.2-Mb deletion encompassing 10q26-qter diagnosed by aCGH, while conventional karyotype showed normal results. The genotype-phenotype correlation between individual microarray and clinical findings adds to the emerging atlas of chromosomal abnormalities associated with specific prenatal ultrasound abnormalities. PMID:25767704
Genomic characterization of prenatally detected chromosomal structural abnormalities using oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization.
Li, Peining; Pomianowski, Pawel; DiMaio, Miriam S; Florio, Joanne R; Rossi, Michael R; Xiang, Bixia; Xu, Fang; Yang, Hui; Geng, Qian; Xie, Jiansheng; Mahoney, Maurice J
Detection of chromosomal structural abnormalities using conventional cytogenetic methods poses a challenge for prenatal genetic counseling due to unpredictable clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence. Of the 1,726 prenatal cases in a 3-year period, we performed oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on 11 cases detected with various structural chromosomal abnormalities. In nine cases, genomic aberrations and gene contents involving a 3p distal deletion, a marker chromosome from chromosome 4, a derivative chromosome 5 from a 5p/7q translocation, a de novo distal 6q deletion, a recombinant chromosome 8 comprised of an 8p duplication and an 8q deletion, an extra derivative chromosome 9 from an 8p/9q translocation, mosaicism for chromosome 12q with added material of initially unknown origin, an unbalanced 13q/15q rearrangement, and a distal 18q duplication and deletion were delineated. An absence of pathogenic copy number changes was noted in one case with a de novo 11q/14q translocation and in another with a familial insertion of 21q into a 19q. Genomic characterization of the structural abnormalities aided in the prediction of clinical outcomes. These results demonstrated the value of aCGH analysis in prenatal cases with subtle or complex chromosomal rearrangements. Furthermore, a retrospective analysis of clinical indications of our prenatal cases showed that approximately 20% of them had abnormal ultrasound findings and should be considered as high risk pregnancies for a combined chromosome and aCGH analysis. PMID:21671377
[Prenatally diagnosed mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver].
Bartho, S; Schulz, H J; Bollmann, R; Specht, U
Reported in this paper is the case of a female newborn with mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. High-accuracy ultrasonography diagnostics were applied to the mother admitted for examination for suspicion of fetal hydronephrosis in the 31st week of pregnancy. A 7 x 4 cm compartmental process was delineable in the abdominal region of the foetus and was variably viewed in ultrasonography in cystic or solid form. A girl, 2,650 g in body weight and 47 cm in body length, was delivered by caesarean section in the 35th week of pregnancy. Postnatal nutritional disorders were accompanied with recurrent vomiting. Sonography, computed tomography and scintigraphy were performed, and the prenatally diagnosed process was identified as a cystic growth in the right liver lobe with enclosure of the V. cava inferior. A typical hepatolobectomy was performed on the newborn on her 15th day of age, with the V. cava enclosing part being left unextirpated. Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver was the histological diagnosis. Only one prenatally diagnosed case of this kind had been known from literature before. PMID:1610766
The correlation fish karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis
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Laurentiu Camil Bohiltea
Full Text Available Antenatal detection the chromosome abnormalities in high risk pregnancies and correlation between karyotype analysis and FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization. Amniotic fluid karyotyping and FISH have been offered to pregnant women with genetic risk, using the standard method and GTG banding techniques. Were found 22 abnormal karyotypes: 13 cases with numerical abnormalities (13 homogenuous aneuploidies: trisomies – 3 cases of 47,XX+21, 3 cases of 47,XY+21; 2 cases of 47,XY+18, 1 case of 47,XXY, 2 cases of 47,XXX and monosomies – 1 case of 45,X0; 1 triploidy - 69 XXX, 1 structural abnormality, one case of 46, XY, der(14;21(q10;q10 +21 and 8 normal variants (3 cases of 46, XX inv(9(p11;q13; 1 case with 46,XY inv (3(p11;q11.2; 2 cases with 46,XX inv(3(p11; q11.2, 1 case 46,XY inv(3(p11; q11.2, and 1 case of 46,XY inv (3(p11;q11.2 inv(9(p11;q13. This report confirms the importance of karyotyping and FISH in prenatal diagnosis, FISH being much more important for prenatal diagnosis due to the short time of results.
Prenatal MRI in correlation with ultrasound
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Full text: Fetal MRI is an already established method in prenatal imaging, with complementary to US role. Most common considerations for fetal MRI are CNS anomalies and urogenital anomalies. Practically, the most frequent indication is ultrasonographically established ventriculomegaly. We introduce our experience in fetal MRI, presenting the distribution of pathological findings and our protocols. We have examined 33 fetuses for a 3-year period. Among these 13 cases were affected by CNS anomalies (neural tube defects, Dandy-Walker, cerebellar hypoplasia, agenesis of corpus callosum, aqueductal atresia, etc.), 11 fetuses are affected by urogenital anomalies (pieloureteral stenosis, VUR, renal agenesis, etc.), 5 with other pathology (congenital tumor, ovarian cysts, etc.) and 4 are normal fetuses. The findings in most interesting cases are reviewed; in some of them we present imaging-pathological correlation and/or follow up imaging. Main advantages of fetal MRI over US consist of acquiring objective and reproducible images, giving the opportunity of multiple expert-leveled reviews; exceptionally high detail concerning CNS-anatomy; additional confidence in excluding presence of concomitant anomalies; independence from calavarial ossification and maternal obesity. Ultrasound remains the main tool for prenatal imaging. MRI has similar sensitivity and higher specificity, thus serving as an arbitrage method and improving accuracy about outcome prognosisout outcome prognosis
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: past, present, and future.
Litton, Christian; Stone, Joanne; Eddleman, Keith; Lee, Men-Jean
The presence of fetal cells in the maternal circulation was first noted by Georg Schmorl when he documented the presence of multinucleated syncytial giant cells of placental origin in the lung tissue of women who had died from complications of eclampsia. In the intervening century, advances in cellular and molecular biology further elucidated both the physiology and pathophysiology of communication within the fetomaternal unit. This concept is at the foundation of the rapidly expanding field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. However, the clinical utility of this phenomenon had been limited until the presence of cell-free fetal DNA circulating in the maternal plasma was reported in 1997 and fetal messenger RNA was demonstrated to circulate in the maternal plasma in 2000. These circulating nucleic acids are found free-floating in the maternal plasma, unencumbered by a surrounding fetal cell. The analysis of these 3 fetal markers (fetal cells, cell-free fetal DNA, and fetal messenger RNA) for diagnostic and screening purposes is now being developed. The scope of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis is not limited to only the diagnosis of fetal genetic traits and aneuploidies. Recently, researchers have focused their investigations on the role of cell-free fetal DNA and fetal messenger RNA in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm labor. These biomarkers, the result of inherent placental dysfunction or the byproducts of placental trophoblastic apoptosis, may allow for improvements in the diagnosis and management of high-risk pregnancies. PMID:20014413
Father Absence due to Migration and Child Illness in Rural Mexico
Schmeer, Kammi
Little research to date has assessed the importance of the presence of fathers in the household for protecting child health, particularly in developing country contexts. Although divorce and nonmarital childbearing are low in many developing countries, migration is a potentially important source of father absence that has yet to be studied in relation to child health. This study utilizes prospective, longitudinal data from Mexico to assess whether father absence due to migration is associated...
Negotiating Work/Life Balance : the Experience of Fathers and Mothers in Ireland
Drew, Eileen Patricia
Working arrangements are still not sufficiently flexible to enable parents to manage to fulfil their roles as workers and as carers and there remains a dearth of flexible working arrangements and work-life balance policies especially for fathers. This paper examines the degree of work/life balance among fathers, and mothers, employed in 5 major Irish organisations surveyed in 2002. It concentrates on the access to, and take up of, flexible working time and leave arrangements by fathers and mo...
Frequency of XY Sperm Increases with Age in Fathers of Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome
Lowe, Xiu; Eskenazi, Brenda; Nelson, David O.; Kidd, Sharon; Alme, Angela; Wyrobek, Andrew J.
With increasing availability of drugs for impotence and advanced reproductive technologies for the treatment of subfertility, more men are fathering children at advanced ages. We conducted a study of the chromosomal content of sperm of healthy men aged 24–57 years to (a) determine whether father's age was associated with increasing frequencies of aneuploid sperm including XY, disomy X, disomy Y, disomy 21, and sperm diploidy, and (b) examine the association between the frequencies of diso...
Psychosocial factors associated with becoming a young father in Finland:a nationwide longitudinal study
Lehti, Venla; Sourander, Andre; Sillanmaki, Lauri; Helenius, Hans; Tamminen, Tuula; Kumpulainen, Kirsti; Almqvist, Fredrik
Little is known about the characteristics of boys who become fathers at young age. Some studies have suggested that antisocial adolescents are more likely to be young fathers. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial factors in childhood with becoming a young father, and to assess if they are independent of criminal behavior in adolescence. The baseline assessment in 1989 included 2,946 boys born in 1981. Information about psychiatric symptoms at age eight was col...
Father-Child Transmission of School Adjustment: A Prospective Intergenerational Study
Pears, Katherine C.; Kim, Hyoun K.; Capaldi, Deborah; Kerr, David C. R.; Fisher, Philip A.
The intergenerational transmission of school adjustment was explored in a sample of 213 children and their fathers. The fathers were participants in a longitudinal study that began when they were in the fourth grade, and their children have been assessed at the ages of 21 months and 3, 5, and 7 years. Two components of school adjustment were measured: academic achievement and peer relations. Results show that the fathers' academic achievement and peer relations were directly related to the ...
Diagnóstico prenatal de onfalocele mediante ultrasonografía / Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of omphalocele
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luskenia, del Río Romero; Nadia, Blanco Figueredo; Zulay, Rodríguez Domínguez.
Full Text Available SciELO Cuba | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish El onfalocele es un defecto de la pared abdominal a nivel de la línea media caracterizado por la herniación de contenido abdominal y recubierto por peritoneo y amnios. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar un caso de onfalocele con edad gestacional de 23 sem y su diagnóstico prenatal por ult [...] rasonografía. Mediante diagnóstico ecográfico en una pesquisa realizada a una paciente de 40 ańos de edad en el segundo trimestre (edad gestacional de 23 semanas), mostró a nivel de la pared anterior fetal imagen ecogénica que protruye a través de la pared abdominal y a continuación se localiza el cordón umbilical. Se observó estómago desplazado y pérdida de la anatomía normal de la circunferencia abdominal. Se realizó asesoramiento genético en el Centro Municipal de Genética de Manzanillo. Anatomopatológicamente el feto presentó cuello corto y ancho, orejas de implantación baja, defecto del cierre del conducto onfalomesentérico, saco herniario ocupado por el lóbulo cuadrado del hígado y lecho vesicular, corazón con base ancha que muestra a la disección cava-cava, ausencia de tabique interventricular, estenosis de la válvula pulmonar y dilatación supravalvular de la arteria pulmonar, defecto amplio del tabique intraventicular y aorta cabalgada, lo que habla a favor de una cardiopatía troncoconal del tipo trilogía de Fallop, más el onfalocele. El diagnóstico prenatal por ultrasonografía es un método eficaz y fiable para el diagnóstico prenatal de onfalocele. Abstract in english Omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect at the midline characterized by herniation of abdominal contents and covered by peritoneum and amnion. The aim of this paper is to present a case of omphalocele with gestational age of 23 weeks and prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography. Using ultrasound diagno [...] sis in a patient pesquiza made 40 years of age in the second trimester (gestational age 23 weeks) showed a level of the anterior fetal echogenic image that sticks through the abdominal wall and then locate the cord umbilical. Stomach is seen displaced and loss of normal anatomy of the abdominal circumference. Genetic counseling was conducted at the Municipal Center for Genetics of Manzanillo. Anatomopatolágicamente the fetus presented short and wide neck, low-set ears, defect omphalomesenteric of ductal closure, hernia sac occupied by the caudate lobe of the liver and gallbladder bed, wide base heart dissection showing cava-cava absence of interventricular septum was observed pulmonary valve stenosis most dilation of supravalvular pulmonary artery, large defect and aorta intraventricular septum ride, which speaks in favor of a heart rate troncoconal fallop trilogy over the omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is an efficient and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele.
The effect of an early childhood obesity intervention on father's obesity risk behaviors: the Melbourne InFANT Program
Background To investigate the effect of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention, incorporating a parent modelling component, on fathers' obesity risk-related behaviours. Methods Cluster randomized-controlled trial in the setting of pre-existing first-time parents groups organised by Maternal and Child Health Nurses in Victoria, Australia. Participants were 460 first-time fathers mean age?=?34.2 (s.d.4.90) years. Dietary pattern scores of fathers were derived using principal component analysis, total physical activity and total television viewing time were assessed at baseline (infant aged three to four months) and after 15 months. Results No significant beneficial intervention effect was observed on fathers' dietary pattern scores, total physical activity or total television viewing time. Conclusion Despite a strong focus on parent modelling (targeting parents own diet, physical activity and television viewing behaviours), and beneficial impact on mothers' obesity risk behaviours, this intervention, with mothers as the point of contact, had no effect on fathers' obesity risk-related behaviours. Based on the established links between children's obesity risk-related behaviors and that of their fathers, a need exists for research testing the effectiveness of interventions with a stronger engagement of fathers. PMID:24524293
Family Dynamics of the Stay-at-Home Father and Working Mother Relationship.
Rushing, Cassie; Powell, Lisa
A phenomenological qualitative study was utilized to explore family dynamics in stay-at-home father and working mother households. A total of 20 working mothers were asked to describe family interactions and daily routines with regard to their stay-at-home father and working mother dynamic. All participants were married, heterosexual women with biological children ages 1 to 4 and who worked outside the home and the father stayed home as primary caretaker and did not contribute financially. The study indicated that the family dynamic of a working mother and stay-at-home father provided a positive parent-child relationship, enhanced parenting cohesion, and enhanced quality time. PMID:25204589
The use of the Latin Fathers for New Testament textual criticism
Houghton, H. A. G.
Chapter published as: H.A.G. Houghton, "The Use of the Latin Fathers for New Testament Textual Criticism" in B.D. Ehrman and M.W. Holmes (edd.), The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis (second edition; NTTSD 42), Leiden: Brill, 2012, pp. 375–405. ISBN 978 900423604 2. There are five sections: I. The importance of the Latin Fathers II. The Bible in the Latin Fathers III. Resources for the Study of the Latin Fathers IV. Iss...
Fathers' Emotional Intelligence and Their Response towards Their Children's Behaviors
Mojgan Mirza; Ma'rof Redzuan; Rohani Abdullah; Mariani Mansor
Emotional intelligence (EI) measures one's "common sense" and ability to get along with others. The EI construct is a rather novel concept with little empirical support, particularly, in relation to the link between father's EI and that of his child's behavior. The specific objective of this research is to determine the relationship between fathers' EI and their pleasure-anger responses to children's behavior. The present study was carried out among 107 fathers of Iranian studen...
Do Parents' Exercise Habits Predict 13–18-Year-Old Adolescents' Involvement in Sport?
Saulius Sukys, Daiva Majauskiene?
This study examined links between parents' exercise habits and adolescents' participation in sports activities, considering the aspects of gender and age. It was hypothesized that regular exercise by both parents would be related to children's involvement in sport regardless of their gender and age. Moreover, it was hypothesized that children's sports activities would be more strongly related to their father's exercise activities. The study also examined the links between parents'...
Comparisons between Paternal and Maternal Involvement with Sons: Early to Middle Childhood
Keown, Louise J.; Palmer, Melanie
This study compared father-son and mother-son involvement in two-parent families from early to middle childhood. Ninety-four families were recruited for a three-year follow-up study that began when the children were four years old. At each time point, in comparison to mothers, fathers were less accessible to their son on weekdays, and spent more…
Prenatal diagnosis of CLOVES syndrome confirmed by detection of a mosaic PIK3CA mutation in cultured amniocytes.
Emrick, Lisa T; Murphy, Lauren; Shamshirsaz, Alireza A; Ruano, Rodrigo; Cassady, Christopher I; Liu, Liu; Chang, Fengqi; Sutton, V Reid; Li, Marilyn; Van den Veyver, Ignatia B
Congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies (CLOVES) syndrome, a segmental overgrowth syndrome, is caused by post zygotic somatic mutations in PIK3CA, a gene involved in the receptor tyrosine kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3)-AKT growth-signaling pathway. Prenatal ultrasound findings of lymphovascular malformations, segmental overgrowth and skeletal defects can raise suspicion for CLOVES syndrome, but molecular confirmation of PIK3CA mutations on prenatally obtained samples is challenging because of somatic mosaicism. We detected a mosaic disease-causing mutation in PIK3CA by sequencing of DNA extracted from cultured amniotic cells, but not from DNA directly prepared from an amniotic fluid sample in a fetus with prenatally suspected CLOVES syndrome. The infant was born prematurely and displayed severe lymphovascular malformations and segmental overgrowth consistent with a clinical diagnosis of CLOVES syndrome; he passed away at 29 days of life. We discuss the complexities and limitations of genetic testing for somatic mosaic mutations in the prenatal period and highlight the potential need for multiple approaches to arrive at a molecular diagnosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:25044986
Prenatal assessment of arthrogryposis. A review of the literature.
Dimitraki, Marina; Tsikouras, Panagiotis; Bouchlariotou, Sofia; Dafopoulos, Alexandros; Konstantou, Euaggelia; Liberis, Vasileios
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenital (AMC) is a group of muscular, neurologic and connective tissue disorders, characterized by multiple severe joint contractures and decreased mobility. The incidence of this condition is 1/3000 births while the etiology is variable. Prenatal assessment of arthrogryposis has focused primarily on diminished fetal movement and the presence of joint contractures or skeletal deformities. These findings may not become evident until after 16-18 weeks' gestational age, subsequently, early prenatal diagnosis is difficult. Nowadays, modern ultrasound techniques and special sonographic markers help the clinicians with the prenatal detection of arthrogryposis in every gestational trimester. PMID:20569162
The Word of the Father / the Body of the Mother: Dimensions of Gender in Tarkovsky's Mirror
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Alice Gavin
Full Text Available Supposed to occur between the ages of six and eighteen months – but at the same time seen as seeping into the ongoing identity formation of the subject – Lacan's theory of the 'Mirror Stage' involves the successful identification of one's body as one's own. Yet the wholeness of the body with which the infant identifies is a mirage; experienced as an exterior image, its unity does not correspond with the infant's as yet underdeveloped physical coordination. Further, the moment of self-identification is, simultaneously, the moment in which the subject is irreducibly split, since the sense of a singular, self-contained self can only be produced by its doubling in some reflective object: the 'I' is thus established as dependent on an 'other'. This article explores Tarkovsky's Mirror – as a film overtly concerned with the idea of a problematic sense of self – in light of Lacan's theory. Mixing childhood memories of the director's mother with the poetry of his father, Arsennii Tarkovsky, the film presents the attempts of a middle-aged, apparently ill man – the film's narrator – to come to terms with his past. In particular, it is interested in the part played by the mother in that past. Though the father is himself largely absent, his word, in the form of his poetry, still appears to structure the son's sense of self; the narrator's relation to his mother, on the other hand, is more 'visible', but nonetheless troublesome. Moreover, her significance as the son's 'other' – an essential yet repressed figure in the formation of his identity – is underscored in the film by the association of her image with the motif of mirrors.
The Evolution of Altruistic Preferences: Mothers versus Fathers.
Alger, Ingela; Cox, Donald
What can evolutionary biology tell us about male-female differences in preferences concerning family matters? Might mothers be more solicitous toward offspring than fathers, for example? The economics literature has documented gender differences-children benefit more from money put in the hands of mothers rather than fathers, for example-and these differences are thought to be partly due to preferences. Yet for good reason family economics is mostly concerned with how prices and incomes affect behavior against a backdrop of exogenous preferences. Evolutionary biology complements this approach by treating preferences as the outcome of natural selection. We mine the well-developed biological literature to make a prima facie case for evolutionary roots of parental preferences. We consider the most rudimentary of traits-sex differences in gamete size and internal fertilization-and explain how they have been thought to generate male-female differences in altruism toward children and other preferences related to family behavior. The evolutionary approach to the family illuminates connections between issues typically thought distinct in family economics, such as parental care and marriage markets. PMID:23976890
Two Georgian fathers: diverse in experience, united in grief.
James, R M; Williams, A N
The history of paediatrics and child health is increasingly recognised to be about children themselves and how they and their families cope and adapt to their medical condition rather than about medical practitioners and august institutions. This article considers two case studies, showing how two Georgian fathers cared for their children when sickness struck and their reactions when the children died. Davies (Giddy) Gilbert, FRS (1767-1840), was a member of Parliament first for Helston and later for Bodmin. (He married Ann Mary Gilbert in 1808 and formally changed his name to Gilbert; the change received royal approbation in January 1817.) Gilbert recorded the birth and development of his son Charles (1810-1813), in one of the very earliest developmental chronicles. He regularly recorded his child's progress, including height, weight, social interaction, communication skills and speech. Apparently in good health for most of his life, Charles developed an acute abdominal disorder and died unexpectedly. John Tremayne (1780-1851) was a member of Parliament for Cornwall. His son Harry (1814-1823) had increasing bilious attacks, headaches and a squint from the age of 6 years, and died despite the best medical advice available. Current medical opinion would presume an intracranial tumour. Tremayne graphically expressed his pain as he closely observed his son suffer, apparently as much from the treatments as from the disease itself. This study sheds light on clinical aspects of Georgian medical practice, the medical marketplace and the nature of relationships between these fathers and their children. PMID:23674584
Prenatal exposure to ionizing radiations: myths and truths
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In utero exposures to ionising radiation are a very important subject in radiological protection concerning not only the prevention but also the estimation of the associated risks. In these situations the perception of risks by the pregnant woman and the involved professionals could not always be correlated with their objective magnitude. In this communication we describe the effects of prenatal exposure to ionising, the thresholds and their relation with the gestational age, taking into account occupationally exposed women, patients undergoing medical procedures and public members. The dose estimation, the evaluation of the potential associated risks and the relation with the spontaneous incidence of the considered effects are analyzed in the framework of the basic principles of radiological protection. Most of diagnostic procedures properly done do not imply induction of deterministic effects in embryo/fetus. Therapeutical procedures and accidental overexposures could associated with significant risks of deterministic effects. Childhood cancer induction is an stochastic effect without threshold and every in utero exposure will increase their probability. (Author) 13 refs
Congenital tumours involving the head, neck and central nervous system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Congenital intracranial tumours are uncommon and differ from those occurring in older children in clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and prognosis. These tumours are often detected incidentally on routine prenatal US and/or fetal MRI. Hence, the paediatric radiologist should be familiar with the features of those lesions that should be included in the differential diagnosis. In general, the prognosis of these conditions is poor owing to large tumour size and the limitations of adjuvant therapy at such a young age. Congenital lesions involving the head and neck region require a meticulous imaging approach using both US and MRI techniques to better guide prenatal planning and fetal or neonatal surgical procedures. (orig.)
PRENATAL SEX DETERMINATION: Issues and Concern
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Deshpande JD
Full Text Available A vast amount of knowledge and voluminous literature is available on sex discrimination in India over the last twenty years. Moreover, detailed statistics about sex ratio from various sources exist.Understanding the rationale behind prenatal sex determination is no doubt key to deciphering the dynamics of sex ratio in India. Present article is an attempt to review the main dimensions of the recentsex-ratio degradation in India: its origin, its mechanisms and social characteristics, its implications in the long run and its major causes. Analysis also points to the positive linkage between abnormal sex ratio and better socio-economic status and literacy. Child Sex ratio is not lowest in poor tribal districts or other backward areas, but in prosperous Western Maharashtra and other economically empowered districts. It is essential to raise awareness and seek attitudinal and behavior changes to tackle the problem.
Sulfato de magnesio y protección neuronal prenatal
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Álvaro, Monterrosa-Castro; Ivette, Romero-Pérez; Elida, Caraballo-Olave.
Full Text Available SciELO Chile | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish Antecedentes: La prematuridad es importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de parálisis cerebral (PC). El Sulfato de Magnesio (MgSO4) se ha planteado como una estrategia para reducir el riesgo de PC en recién nacidos por debajo de las 34 semanas de gestación. Objetivo: Precisar con la evidencia [...] disponible, la validez del uso del MgSO4 para protección neuronal prenatal en embarazadas en riesgo de parto pretér-mino (PP) inminente. Método: Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Scielo y OvidSP en búsqueda de estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos, revisiones sistemáticas, consensos y meta análisis. Se realizó revisión temática de los artículos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Resultados: Experimentos en modelos animales mostraron la posibilidad que el MgSO4 fuese protector neuronal. Estudios observacionales seńalaron la posible asociación entre la exposición fetal al MgS04 y reducción en morbilidad neurológica en nacidos pretérmino (NP). Cinco ensayos clínicos entre 2002-2008, individualmente no mostraron datos concluyentes. En el 2009 se publicaron tres metaanálisis, basados en esos mismos ensayos y mostraron significativa reducción de PC en NP expuestos prenatalmente al MgSO4. Conclusión: Existe evidencia para recomendar MgSO4 para protección neuronal prenatal antes de las 34 semanas de embarazo y con riesgo inminente de PP, aunque no está definida la dosis óptima. Se recomienda aplicar hasta el parto o por 12-24 horas. Abstract in english Background: Prematurity is a leading risk factor for development of cerebral palsy (CP). The use of Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has been proposed as a strategy to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestation. Aims: To assess the best available evidence in order [...] to validate the use of MgSO4 for prenatal neuroprotection in pregnant women at risk of imminent preterm delivery. Methods: we searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Scielo and OvidSP databases for clinical and epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, consensus and meta-analysis about the use of Magnesium sulphate to prevent cerebral palsy. Thematic review was conducted of articles that met the selection criteria. Results: Experiments in animal models showed properties of MgSO4 for neuroprotection. Observational studies indicated the possible association between fetal exposures to MgS04 and reduced neurological morbidity in PP. Five clinical trials between 2002 and 2008 showed no conclusive data individually. In 2009, three meta-analysis showed significant reduction of cerebral palsy in MgSO4 exposed preterm infants. Conclusion: There is evidence to recommend the use of MgSO4 for prenatal neuroprotection before 34 weeks of pregnancy and imminent risk of preterm birth. It is unclear the optimal dose of MgSO4; is recommended until delivery or by 12-24 hours.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6 mosaicism.
Destree, A; Fourneau, C; Dugauquier, C; Rombout, S; Sartenaer, D; Gillerot, Y
We report on a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies detected at the prenatal ultrasound examination and a trisomy 6 mosaicism in the amniocytes. The pregnancy was interrupted in the 18th gestational week and the autopsy revealed malformations including cleft right hand, arthrogryposis and hypoplasia of the 4th digit of the left hand, syndactylies and overlapping toes, facial dysmorphism with hypertelorism and low-set ears, ventricular septum defect (VSD), intestinal malrotation and scoliosis. Trisomy 6 mosaicism was detected in cultured amniocytes (13.3%), confirmed in umbilical cord fibroblasts (40%) and by fluorescence in situ hybridization on other fetal tissues. Trisomy 6 mosaicism is a very rare finding with only eight cases previously reported to our best knowledge. PMID:15906424
Effect of Prenatal Zinc Supplementation on Birthweight
Oosthuizen, Jacques; Beatty, Shelley
Although iron and zinc deficiencies are known to occur together and also appear to be high in Ghana, a few supplementation studies addressed this concurrently in pregnancy. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 600 pregnant women in Ghana were randomly assigned to receive either a combined supplement of 40 mg of zinc as zinc gluconate and 40 mg of iron as ferrous sulphate or 40 mg of elemental iron as ferrous sulphate. Overall, there was no detectable difference in the mean birthweight between the study groups, although the effect of iron-zinc supplementation on the mean birthweight was masked by a strong interaction between the type of supplement and the iron status of participants [F (1,179)=5.614, p=0.019]. Prenatal iron-zinc supplementation was effective in increasing the mean birthweight among anaemic and iron-deficient women but not among women with elevated iron stores in early pregnancy. PMID:19902797
Prenatal PCBs disrupt early neuroendocrine development of the rat hypothalamus
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Neonatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can interfere with hormone-sensitive developmental processes, including brain sexual differentiation. We hypothesized that disruption of these processes by gestational PCB exposure would be detectable as early as the day after birth (postnatal day (P) 1) through alterations in hypothalamic gene and protein expression. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected twice, once each on gestational days 16 and 18, with one of the following: DMSO vehicle; the industrial PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221); a reconstituted mixture of the three most prevalent congeners found in humans, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180; or estradiol benzoate (EB). On P1, litter composition, anogenital distance (AGD), and body weight were assessed. Pups were euthanized for immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor ? (ER?) or TUNEL labeling of apoptotic cells or quantitative PCR of 48 selected genes in the preoptic area (POA). We found that treatment with EB or A1221 had a sex-specific effect on developmental apoptosis in the neonatal anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a sexually dimorphic hypothalamic region involved in the regulation of reproductive neuroendocrine function. In this region, exposed females had increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei, whereas there was no effect of treatment in males. For ER?, EB treatment increased immunoreactive cell numbers and density in the medial preoptic nrs and density in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of both males and females, while A1221 and the PCB mixture had no effect. PCR analysis of gene expression in the POA identified nine genes that were significantly altered by prenatal EDC exposure, in a manner that varied by sex and treatment. These genes included brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABAB receptors-1 and -2, IGF-1, kisspeptin receptor, NMDA receptor subunits NR2b and NR2c, prodynorphin, and TGF?. Collectively, these results suggest that the disrupted sexual differentiation of the POA by prenatal EDC exposures is already evident as early as the day after birth, effects that may change the trajectory of postnatal development and compromise adult reproductive function.
Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: evaluation of techniques for analysing globin-chain synthesis in blood samples obtained by fetoscopy.
Congote, L. F.; Hamilton, E. F.; Chow, J. C.; Perry, T. B.
Three techniques for analysing hemoglobin synthesis in blood samples obtained by fetoscopy were evaluated. Of the fetuses studied, 12 were not at risk of genetic disorders, 10 were at risk of beta-thalassemia, 2 were at risk of sickle cell anemia and 1 was at risk of both diseases. The conventional method of prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies, involving the separation of globin chains labelled with a radioactive isotope on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) columns, was compared with a metho...
Amniotic fluid interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of aneuploidy; experiences in 130 prenatal cases.
Lim, Ha-jung; Kim, Yon-ju; Yang, Jae-hyuk; Kim, Eun-jeong; Choi, June-seek; Jung, Sang-hee; Ahn, Hyun-kyong; Han, Jung-yul; Kim, Moon-young; Choi, Kyu-hong; Kim, Jin-mee; Kim, Young-mi; Park, So-yeon; Ryu, Hyun-mee
The major aneuploidies diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomes 13, 18, 21, and sex chromosomes X and Y. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows rapid analysis of chromosome copy number in interphase cells. We retrospectively reviewed 130 amniotic fluid interphase FISH analyses from January 1997 to December 2001. The review was done in order to assess the role of interphase FISH among the patients who were at the risk of fetal aneuploidies. The sample was considered to be aneuploid...
Data quality review during prenatal care
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Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
Full Text Available Aim: To review the quality of prenatal care data registered by the professionals from the Family Health Strategy (ESF in Jericoacoara city – Ceara State – Brazil. Methods: This was a quantitative and documental study, in which were analyzed 71 obstetric records of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care in 2006. The studied variables comprised those obtained by data quality review of standard obstetric records regarding to socioeconomic aspects, family history, personal and obstetric and the data related to current pregnancy. Results: Among the 71 obstetric records reviewed, in 70 of them (98.6%, the socioeconomic data were completed satisfactorily. The data concerning the history of familiar and personal morbidity, besides obstetric and gynecological history of the pregnant women were 100% (71 complete. Referring to the data of current pregnancy collected during the anamnesis of the first medical appointment, it was detected that 47 (66.2% were filled in properly, while in 24 (33.8% of them there were missing important data, such as height and weight of the pregnant women. From all obstetric records, in only 60 (84.5% there were the registers of all laboratory tests compulsory for the first trimester of pregnancy and it's highlighted that only 43 (60.6% of the records were filled in properly regarding the lab tests of the third trimester. It was yet verified that in only 6 (8.5% of the records there was information related to the curve of uterine height/gestational age. Conclusion: In this study, the adequate filling of obstetric records was observed, although we found a great number of lack or of incomplete registers in the topic related to the graphs of height/weight and the curve of uterine height/ gestational age.
Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and dental agenesis
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jacobsen, Pernille E; Henriksen, Tine B
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to AEDs and the risk of dental agenesis and to differentiate between the possible effects of the different drugs used.
First trimester prenatal diagnosis: earlier is not necessarily better.
Boss, J A
In the past few years considerable attention has been given to a relatively new method of prenatal diagnosis known as chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Because CVS can be performed in the first trimester it is hailed by many as a significant advance over amniocentesis. What has not been as publicized, however, are the disadvantages of CVS and earlier prenatal diagnosis. The emotional costs of CVS in terms of the greater number of both spontaneous and selective abortions following CVS, the use of CVS for sex selection and, because of the greater social acceptability of first trimester abortion, the possibility of increased pressure on women to undergo prenatal diagnosis by health insurance companies, medical professionals and government agencies, all need to be weighed against the advantages of early prenatal diagnosis. PMID:7996559
Prenatal music exposure induces long-term neural effects.
Partanen, Eino; Kujala, Teija; Tervaniemi, Mari; Huotilainen, Minna
We investigated the neural correlates induced by prenatal exposure to melodies using brains' event-related potentials (ERPs). During the last trimester of pregnancy, the mothers in the learning group played the 'Twinkle twinkle little star'-melody 5 times per week. After birth and again at the age of 4 months, we played the infants a modified melody in which some of the notes were changed while ERPs to unchanged and changed notes were recorded. The ERPs were also recorded from a control group, who received no prenatal stimulation. Both at birth and at the age of 4 months, infants in the learning group had stronger ERPs to the unchanged notes than the control group. Furthermore, the ERP amplitudes to the changed and unchanged notes at birth were correlated with the amount of prenatal exposure. Our results show that extensive prenatal exposure to a melody induces neural representations that last for several months. PMID:24205353
Molecular prenatal diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type Ia.
Qu, Y; Abdenur, J E; Eng, C M; Desnick, R J
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia, von Gierke disease) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of D-glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Since this enzyme is expressed primarily in hepatocytes, couples at risk for GSD type Ia relied on fetal liver biopsy for prenatal diagnosis. The recent isolation of the G6Pase gene and identification of several disease-causing mutations have permitted molecular prenatal diagnosis using amniocytes or chorionic villi. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed in an Ashkenazi Jewish family in whom a previous child was homoallelic and both parents were heterozygous for the R83C mutation. Molecular analysis revealed that the fetus was not affected. The prenatal diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by biochemical and molecular studies. Thus, the molecular prenatal diagnosis of GSD type Ia can be safely and accurately made in the first trimester. PMID:8734807
Effects of prenatal exposure to nanoparticles titanium dioxide and carbon black on female germline DNA stability
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Boisen, Anne Mette Zenner
Particulate air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in humans. Air pollution may also adversely affect pregnancy outcome and the integrity of sperm cells DNA. Animal studies have shown that inhalation of air particulates can induce mutations in premeiotic sperm cells. The investigation of potential mutagenic risk is of outmost importance, as it may lead to cancer. Furthermore, heritable mutations may be passed on to descendents and thereby pose a permanent genetic risk to the population. The nanosized fraction of particulate air pollution has recently come into focus. Inhaled nanoparticles are cleared very slowly from the lungs and a small fraction may translocate into the bloodstream and compartments of the body. In the airways nanoparticles can induce a high degree of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Nanoparticles are more reactive than larger sized particles and may have unique properties as a result of their size. The exposure to nanoparticles in the occupational setting and from consumer products will most likely increase greatly in the near future and thorough investigations of their potentially hazardous effects are needed. Expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) loci in mice are sensitive markers of mutagenic effects resulting from environmental exposures; Studies on adult mice have revealed that while particulate air pollution induced ESTR mutations in premeiotic sperm cells, the female germline was not affected. Unlike sperm cells that are continuously developed in adulthood, the majority of oocytes are in a dormant state during long periods of adult life and may therefore be less sensitive to mutations. However, female germ cells may be vulnerable during pregnancy when the female germ cells of the fetus when are actively dividing. The aim of this PhD study was to determine if two widely used nanoparticles titanium dioxide UV-Titan and carbon black Printex 90 induce ESTR mutations in the germ cells of prenatally exposed females. Pregnant generation P mice were exposed to ~42 mg UV-Titan/m3/1 h/d during gestation days 8-18 or carbon black Printex 90 at gestation days (7,10,15 and 18) (total dose of 268 ?g/animal) by intratracheal instillation. Maternal inflammation and DNA damage were assessed in order to assess the potential for indirect effects on offspring during pregnancy. Prenatally exposed F1 females were grown to maturity and mated with unexposed males. The ESTR mutation rate in F2 offspring was estimated from full pedigrees (mother, father, offspring). ESTR mutation rates of 0.029/0.0025 (maternal allele) and 0.047/0.053 (paternal allele) in UV-Titan/Printex 90-exposed F2 offspring were not statistically different from those of F2 controls: 0.037/0.024 (maternal allele) and 0.061/0.038 (paternal allele). UV-Titan and Printex 90 exposure induced pulmonary inflammation in pregnant generation P mothers as well as changes in hepatic gene expression in the F1 prenatally exposed females. However, ESTR mutation rates were not increased by UV-Titan or Printex 90 in prenatally exposed F1 females.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis using cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma: Progress overview beyond predictive and personalized diagnosis.
Tounta, Georgia; Kolialexi, Aggeliki; Papantoniou, Nikolas; Tsangaris, George Th; Kanavakis, Emmanuel; Mavrou, Ariadni
The discovery of circulating cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma allowed for the development of alternative methodologies that may facilitate safe non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). The low concentration of cffDNA in maternal plasma, however, and the coexistence of maternal DNA limit its clinical application to the detection or exclusion of fetal targets that are not present in the mother, such as Y chromosome sequences, the RHD gene in a RhD-negative woman and genetic conditions inherited from the father. Strategies for NIPD of monogenic disorders and fetal chromosomal aneuploidies have also been achieved using next-generation sequencing and could be introduced to the clinics as soon as cost-effective and high throughput protocols are developed. PMID:23199146
Prenatal Testosterone Excess Decreases Neurokinin 3 Receptor Immunoreactivity within the Arcuate Nucleus KNDy Cell Population.
Ahn, T; Fergani, C; Coolen, L M; Padmanabhan, V; Lehman, M N
Prenatal exposure of the female ovine foetus to excess testosterone leads to neuroendocrine disruptions in adulthood, as demonstrated by defects in responsiveness with respect to the ability of gonadal steroids to regulate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. In the ewe, neurones of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which co-expresses kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (termed KNDy cells), play a key role in steroid feedback control of GnRH and show altered peptide expression after prenatal testosterone treatment. KNDy cells also co-localise NKB receptors (NK3R), and it has been proposed that NKB may act as an autoregulatory transmitter in KNDy cells where it participates in the mechanisms underlying steroid negative-feedback. In addition, recent evidence suggests that NKB/NK3R signalling may be involved in the positive-feedback actions of oestradiol leading to the GnRH/luteinising hormone (LH) surge in the ewe. Thus, we hypothesise that decreased expression of NK3R in KNDy cells may be present in the brains of prenatal testosterone-treated animals, potentially contributing to reproductive defects. Using single- and dual-label immunohistochemistry we found NK3R-positive cells in diverse areas of the hypothalamus; however, after prenatal testosterone treatment, decreased numbers of NK3R immunoreactive (-IR) cells were seen only in the ARC. Moreover, dual-label confocal analyses revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of KNDy cells (using kisspeptin as a marker) that co-localised NK3R. To investigate how NKB ultimately affects GnRH secretion in the ewe, we examined GnRH neurones in the preoptic area (POA) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) for the presence of NK3R. Although, consistent with earlier findings, we found no instances of NK3R co-localisation in GnRH neurones in either the POA or MBH; in addition, > 70% GnRH neurones in both areas were contacted by NK3R-IR presynaptic terminals suggesting that, in addition to its role at KNDy cell bodies, NKB may regulate GnRH neurones by presynaptic actions. In summary, the finding of decreased NK3R within KNDy cells in prenatal testosterone-treated sheep complements previous observations of decreased NKB and dynorphin in the same population, and may contribute to deficits in the feedback control of GnRH/LH secretion in this animal model. PMID:25496429
"Living in the Dragon's Shadow" Fathers' Experiences of a Child's Life-Limiting Illness
Davies, Betty; Gudmundsdottir, Maria; Worden, Bill; Orloff, Stacy; Sumner, Liz; Brenner, Paul
Grounded theory methods were used to study the experiences of 8 bereaved fathers whose children received care in a home-based hospice program. In-depth, unstructured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded for themes and categories. Every aspect of fathers' lives was affected by their experiences, which were described in metaphoric…
Longitudinal Analysis of Mothers' And Fathers' Responses on the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale.
Wille, Diane E.
Examined mothers' and fathers' responses on the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale (MSAS) and ability of parental characteristics to predict parents' responses. Found that mothers reported greater separation anxiety and employment-related separation concerns and more positive perceptions of separation effects than fathers. Relations between…
Father absence due to migration and child illness in rural Mexico.
Schmeer, Kammi
Little research to date has assessed the importance of the presence of fathers in the household for protecting child health, particularly in developing country contexts. Although divorce and non-marital childbearing are low in many developing countries, migration is a potentially important source of father absence that has yet to be studied in relation to child health. This study utilizes prospective, longitudinal data from Mexico to assess whether father absence due to migration is associated with increased child illness in poor, rural communities. Rural Mexico provides a setting where child illness is related to more serious health problems, and where migration is an important source of father absence. Both state- and individual-level fixed effects regression analyses are used to estimate the relationship between father absence due to migration and child illness while controlling for unobserved contextual and individual characteristics. The state-level models illustrate that the odds of children being ill are 39% higher for any illness and 51% higher for diarrhea when fathers are absent compared with when fathers are present in the household. The individual-level fixed effects models support these findings, indicating that, in the context of rural Mexico, fathers may be important sources of support for ensuring the healthy development of young children. PMID:19699568
Nonresident Fathers and Children's Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis.
Amato, Paul R.; Gilbreth, Joan G.
Analysis showed that fathers' payment of child support was positively associated with measures of children's well-being. The frequency of contact with nonresident fathers was not related to child outcomes in general. Reports that feelings of closeness and authoritative parenting were positively associated with children's academic success and…
The Importance of Parenting and Financial Contributions in Promoting Fathers' Psychological Health
Schindler, Holly S.
This study explores the relationship between residential, biological fathers' parental engagement, financial contributions, and psychological well-being in 2-parent families. Specifically, this study focuses on how fathers' parental engagement and financial contributions are related to their self-esteem, self-efficacy, and psychological distress.…
Fathers' and Mothers' Book Selection Preferences for Their Four Year Old Children.
Anderson, Jim; Anderson, Ann; Shapiro, Jon; Lynch, Jacqueline
Presents a study in which both fathers and mothers of four year olds were presented with 14 children's books representing various genres and were asked to select the five books they would read to their children. Gives reasons for their selections. Finds that there were some differences between mothers'/fathers' book selection and some differences…
Mothers' and Fathers' Perception of Family Functioning in Families Having Children with Disabilities.
Crowley, Susan L.; Taylor, Matthew
Examined the relationship between mothers' and fathers' perceptions of family functioning in families with disabled children. Three measures of family functions indicated that mothers and fathers have different perceptions of family functioning, identify different stressors, and report different sources of support as helpful. Results suggest…
How Teenage Fathers Matter for Children: Evidence from the ECLS-B
Mollborn, Stefanie; Lovegrove, Peter J.
Much is known about how having a teenage mother influences children's outcomes, but the relationship between teenage fatherhood and children's health and development is less well documented. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, the authors investigated how teenage fathers matter for children. They expected teenage fathers'…
Child-Mother and Child-Father Play Interaction Patterns with Preschoolers
John, Aesha; Halliburton, Amy; Humphrey, Jeremy
The study focused on qualitative and quantitative differences between maternal and paternal play interaction behaviours with their preschool children. Home observations of 18 child-mother and child-father play interactions were qualitatively analysed to derive interaction themes. In addition, the quality of child-mother and child-father…
Concordance in Attachment States of Mind and Styles with Respect to Fathers and Mothers
Furman, Wyndol; Simon, Valerie A.
It is believed that by adulthood, independent attachments to the mother and the father coalesce into a single state of mind with respect to attachment. If true, states of mind with respect to mothers and fathers should be concordant. Fifty-six young adults were administered two versions of the Adult Attachment Interview, each of which asked about…
A Father-to-Father Breastfeeding Support Pilot Program conducted by the Texas Department of Health provides a model of a viable way to increase breastfeeding rates in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC Program). The pilot concept was based on previous su...
Psychosocial factors associated with becoming a young father in Finland: a nationwide longitudinal study
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Lehti Venla
Full Text Available Abstract Background Little is known about the characteristics of boys who become fathers at young age. Some studies have suggested that antisocial adolescents are more likely to be young fathers. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial factors in childhood with becoming a young father, and to assess if they are independent of criminal behavior in adolescence. Methods The baseline assessment in 1989 included 2,946 boys born in 1981. Information about psychiatric symptoms at age eight was collected with Rutter questionnaires from parents and teachers and with the Child Depression Inventory from the children themselves. Data on criminal offenses at age 16–20 was collected from a police register. Register-based follow-up data on becoming a father under the age of 22 was available for 2,721 boys. Results The factors measured at age eight, which were associated with becoming a young father independently of adolescent criminality, were conduct problems, being born to a young father and having a mother with a low educational level. Having repeatedly committed criminal offences in adolescence was associated with becoming a young father independently of psychosocial factors in childhood. Conclusions Antisocial tendencies both in childhood and adolescence are associated with becoming a young father. They should be taken into consideration when designing preventive or supportive interventions.
Developing an Effective Intervention for Incarcerated Teen Fathers: The Baby Elmo Program
Brito, Natalie; Barr, Rachel; Rodriguez, Jennifer; Shauffer, Carole
The absence of a father figure has been linked to very poor developmental outcomes. The Baby Elmo Program, a parenting and structured visitation program, aims to form and maintain bonds between children and their incarcerated teen fathers. The program is taught and supervised by probation staff in juvenile detention facilities. This intervention…
Adult Children and Their Fathers: Relationship Changes 20 Years after Parental Divorce.
Ahrons, Constance R.; Tanner, Jennifer L.
Examines adult children's reports of relationship changes with their fathers were 20 years after their parents' divorce. Findings indicated that most adult children felt that their relationships with their fathers had either improved or remained stable over time. Custody did not directly affect reported changes in the quality of their relationship…
Toddlers' Self-Regulated Compliance to Mothers, Caregivers, and Fathers: Implications for Theories of Socialization.
Feldman, Ruth; Klein, Pnina S.
Examined toddlers' self-regulated compliance to mothers, fathers, and caregivers. Found child emotion regulation and adult warm control in discipline situation related to self-regulated compliance to mother, caregiver, and father. Compliance to parents correlated with parental sensitivity and philosophies. Compliance to caregivers correlated with…
Love, Loss, and Learning: The Experiences of Fathers Who Have Children Diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Wiens, Sandra E.; Daniluk, Judith C.
The purpose of the present study was to give voice to fathers of young adult children diagnosed with schizophrenia within the past 10 years. A qualitative, phenomenological method was used to explore and describe the fathering experiences of the 6 volunteer participants. The findings suggest that mental health professionals should recognize the…
Low-income minority fathers' control strategies and children's regulatory skills
Malin, Jenessa L.; Cabrera, Natasha J.; Karberg, Elizabeth; Aldoney, Daniela; Rowe, Meredith
The current study explored the bidirectional association of children's individual characteristics, fathers' control strategies at 24-months and children's regulatory skills at pre-kindergarten (pre-K). Using a sample of low-income minority families with 2-year-olds from the Early Head Start Evaluation Research Program (n = 71) we assessed the association between child gender and vocabulary skills, fathers' control strategies at 24-months (e.g., regulatory behavior and regulatory language), and children's sustained attention and emotion regulation at pre-kindergarten. There were three main findings. First, fathers' overwhelmingly use commands (e.g., do that) to promote compliance in their 24-month old children. Second, children's vocabulary skills predict fathers' regulatory behaviors during a father-child interaction, whereas children's gender predicts fathers' regulatory language during an interaction. Third, controlling for maternal supportiveness, fathers' regulatory behaviors at 24-months predict children's sustained attention at pre-kindergarten whereas fathers' regulatory language at 24-months predicts children's emotion regulation at pre-kindergarten. Our findings highlight the importance of examining paternal contributions to children's regulatory skills. PMID:25798496
Dads Who Do Diapers: Factors Affecting Care of Young Children by Fathers
Yoshida, Akiko
Although many fathers today spend more time with children than was the case in the past, physical care of young children remains primarily mothers' work. Yet some fathers claim that they do work traditionally seen as the "mother's job" every day. Using subsample data from the male respondent file of the National Survey of Family Growth 2002 (n =…
Bidirectional Longitudinal Relations between Father-Child Relationships and Chinese Children's Social Competence during Early Childhood
Zhang, Xiao
Using a two-year and three-wave cross-lagged design with a sample of 118 Chinese preschoolers, the present study examined bidirectional longitudinal relations between father-child relationships and children's social competence. The results of structural equation modeling showed bidirectional effects between father-child conflict and social…
Effects of prenatal care on maternal postpartum behaviors
Reichman, Nancy E.; Corman, Hope; Noonan, Kelly; Schwartz-soicher, Ofira
Most research on the effectiveness of prenatal care has focused on birth outcomes and has found small or no effects. It is possible, however, that prenatal care is "too little too late" to improve pregnancy outcomes in the aggregate, but that it increases the use of pediatric health care or improves maternal health-related parenting practices and, ultimately, child health. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing birth cohort study that have been augmented with hospital m...
Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Findings of Bronchogenic Cyst
Livia Teresa Moreira Rios; Amp Xfa Nior, Edward Araujo J.; Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza; Antonio Fernandes Moron; Marília da Glória Martins
Bronchogenic cysts arise from abnormal buds from the primitive esophagus and tracheobronchial tree, which do not extend to the site where alveolar differentiation occurs. Bronchogenic cysts are typically unilocular mucus field lesions arising from posterior membranous wall of the air way. The prenatal diagnosis usually is realized by two-dimensional ultrasound showing the large unilocular cystic image in the chest fetus. The prenatal percutaneous aspiration can reduce the risk of heart compre...
Prenatal Care and Maternal Age, Education and Reproductive Behaviour
Pouranssari, Z.; Kamali, P.; Eftekhar Ardbili, H.; Komarizadeh, A.
Reproductive behavior of 1525 pregnant woman were studied in the time of termination of pregnancy in relation to maternal age, education, prenatal care and the number of previous pregnancies. The results show that the frequency of maternal attendance at the centers of prenatal care is significantly related to maternal education. And the total pregnancies per woman are inversely correlated with maternal education. The kind of termination of pregnancy which resulted in live births or abortion h...
Commercial Landscape of noninvasive prenatal testing in the United States
Agarwal, Ashwin; Sayres, Lauren C.; Cho, Mildred K.; Cook-deegan, Robert; Chandrasekharan, Subhashini
Cell-free fetal DNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) could significantly change the paradigm of prenatal testing and screening. Intellectual property (IP) and commercialization promise to be important components of the emerging debate about clinical implementation of these technologies. We have assembled information about types of testing, prices, turnaround times and reimbursement of recently launched commercial tests in the United States from the trade press, news articles, and sci...
Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Aim. To determine prenatal and postnatal risk factors for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants < 30 weeks of gestational age. Methods. Over a 22-month period, 115 newborns were enrolled in the study. Details including gestational age, sex, birth weight, prenatal steroids, surfactant treatment, ventilatory support, days of postnatal oxygen requirement, late onset sepsis/ pneumonia, air leaks, patency of ductus arteriosus, and fluid intake were collected. The presence of chorioamnio...
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies by semiconductor sequencing
Liao, Can; Yin, Ai-hua; Peng, Chun-fang; Fu, Fang; Yang, Jie-xia; Li, Ru; Chen, Yang-yi; Luo, Dong-hong; Zhang, Yong-ling; Ou, Yan-mei; Li, Jian; Wu, Jing; Mai, Ming-qin; Hou, Rui; Wu, Frances
Chromosomal aneuploidies represent a major cause of fetal loss and birth defects. Current methods for the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy require invasive methods that are associated with a risk of miscarriage and other complications. Recently, noninvasive prenatal testing has been developed using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. In this study, we validated an effective method for noninvasive diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy using a semiconductor sequencer, which reduces the time and cos...
Prenatal programming of rat cortical collecting tubule sodium transport
Cheng, Chih-jen; Lozano, German; Baum, Michel
Prenatal insults have been shown to lead to elevated blood pressure in offspring when they are studied as adults. Prenatal administration of dexamethasone and dietary protein deprivation have demonstrated that there is an increase in transporter abundance for a number of nephron segments but not the subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the cortical collecting duct. Recent studies have shown that aldosterone is elevated in offspring of protein-deprived mothers when studied as ad...
Prenatal uterine environment and sexual differentiation of rats
Houtsmuller, E. J.
prenatal factors relevant to hormonal environment on the sexual differentiation of behavior, morphology and central nervous system in rats. The effects of such factors as prenatal sex composition of the litter and position in utero on the sexual differentiation of normally developed (i.e. untreated) male and female rats was examined. In addition, the effects of experimentally induced changes in the perinatal hormonal milieu on the central nervous system and behavior of male rat...
Non-invasive prenatal testing: ethical issues explored
Jong, Antina; Dondorp, Wybo J.; Die-smulders, Christine E. M.; Frints, Suzanne G. M.; Wert, Guido M. W. R.
This paper explores the ethical implications of introducing non-invasive prenatal diagnostic tests (NIPD tests) in prenatal screening for foetal abnormalities. NIPD tests are easy and safe and can be performed early in pregnancy. Precisely because of these features, it is feared that informed consent may become more difficult, that both testing and selective abortion will become 'normalized', and that there will be a trend towards accepting testing for minor abnormalities and non-medical tr...
Informed Consent - Attitudes, knowledge and information concerning prenatal examination
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dahl, Katja; Kesmodel, Ulrik
Background:Prenatal screening has become an ever increasing part of antenatal care in the western part of the world. Providing women with information enabling an informed consent to prenatal examinations has been widely recommended, with women accepting or declining the screening tests offered in full understanding of pros and contra.Objective and hypothesis:To summarize current knowledge of women's expectations and attitudes concerning prenatal examinations as well as the amount of knowledge possessed by pregnant women undergoing prenatal examinations. Reasons for accepting or declining a screening test offered, as well as the influence of information in the decision-making process is also explored. Methods:The review is based on systematic search strategy in the electronic databases Medline and Science Citation. Additional studies were identified through reference lists of individual papers obtained. Results:Women in general express a positive attitude towards screening procedures in pregnancy. Women are found most knowledgeable about procedural and practical aspects but are not always aware of the purposes or any limitations of the tests offered. Understanding and interpretation of risk estimates is low and possible consequences if the test reveals a problem is seldom considered beforehand. A woman's attitude to prenatal examinations is found decisive for up-take of prenatal tests, with no association between a woman's attitude towards prenatal examinations and her knowledge of those tests. Most women consider their doctor an important source of information, and state that information has influenced their decision. Conclusions: Pregnant women favor prenatal examinations, but participation does not seem to be based on an informed consent.
Exposure to prenatal infection and risk of schizophrenia
We provide a brief review of findings supporting a role for prenatal infection in the etiology of schizophrenia. Our group and others have conducted birth cohort studies to address whether in utero exposure to infectious agents, prospectively documented by biomarker assays of archived maternal sera, and by detailed obstetric records, confer an increased risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Prenatal exposure to influenza, elevated toxoplasma antibody, rubella, genital–reproductive infec...
Prenatal features of Noonan syndrome: prevalence and prognostic value.
Mussa, Alessandro; Cirillo, Margherita; Rossi, Claudia; Marinosci, Annalisa; Dotta, Anna; Baldassarre, Giuseppina; Ferrero, Giovanni Battista
OBJECTIVE: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common autosomal dominant developmental disorder, mainly characterized by congenital heart defects, short stature, and a variable degree of developmental delay. We have reviewed the prenatal findings in NS and we have correlated them with genotype and postnatal phenotype. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 47 patients with molecular diagnosis of NS. Prenatal and postnatal phenotypes were assessed by analysis of medical records, and clinical fol...
Altered cortical thickness following prenatal sodium valproate exposure
Wood, Amanda G.; Chen, Jian; Barton, Sarah; Nadebaum, Caroline; Anderson, Vicki A.; Catroppa, Cathy; Reutens, David C.; O Brien, Terence J.; Vajda, Frank
Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate (VPA) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Cortical thickness was measured in 16 children exposed prenatally to VPA and 16 controls. We found increased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; BA45) and left pericalcarine sulcus (BA18) thickness, an association between VPA dose and right IFG thickness, and a close relationship between verbal skills and left IFG thickness. A significant interaction between group and hemispheric IFG thickness showed ...
Invasive prenatal genetic testing: A Catholic healthcare provider's perspective.
Bringman, Jay J
Invasive prenatal testing is performed for a variety of reasons, but the most common indication is for genetic testing of the fetus. Although many times the information obtained from this type of testing results in selective termination of fetuses with genetic diagnoses, the information itself may be morally neutral. Should a Catholic healthcare provider be willing to perform invasive prenatal testing in the setting of uncertainty with respect to the patient's plans following a diagnosis of a genetic abnormality? PMID:25473130
Prenatal maternal anxiety predicts reduced adaptive immunity in infants.
O'Connor, Thomas G; Winter, Marcia A; Hunn, Julianne; Carnahan, Jennifer; Pressman, Eva K; Glover, Vivette; Robertson-Blackmore, Emma; Moynihan, Jan A; Lee, F Eun-Hyung; Caserta, Mary T
Prenatal anxiety has been linked with altered immune function in offspring in animal studies, but the relevance for human health is unknown. We examined prenatal maternal anxiety as a predictor of adaptive immunity in infants at 2 and 6 months of age as part of a prospective longitudinal study. The humoral immune response to hepatitis B vaccine was assessed at 2 months (n=80) and 6 months (n=76) of age. Prenatal anxiety predicted lower hepatitis B antibody titers at 6 months of age independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates; the effects were limited to those infants who had not completed the 3-dose vaccine series (for transformed titer values, r=-.36, ptetanus toxoid, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Prenatal maternal anxiety was associated with reduced IFN-? and increased IL-4 responder cell frequencies at 6 months of age, independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates. No effect of prenatal anxiety was found on adaptive immunity at 2 months of age. The findings provide the first demonstration in humans that prenatal anxiety alters adaptive immunity in the infant. PMID:23439080
Offering prenatal diagnostic tests: European guidelines for clinical practice [corrected].
Skirton, Heather; Goldsmith, Lesley; Jackson, Leigh; Lewis, Celine; Chitty, Lyn
For over four decades, it has been possible to offer prenatal diagnostic testing for fetal abnormalities. Prenatal testing is now available for a wide range of monogenic disorders as well as chromosomal abnormalities and should be provided within the ethical framework of informed consent and autonomous choice. However, there are no published guidelines for health professionals from varied disciplines who offer prenatal diagnosis (PND) in a range of possible settings including departments of maternity, obstetrics and clinical genetics. We used an Expert Group technique to develop a set of guidelines for provision of prenatal diagnostic services. Thirteen European health professionals, all experts in PND, participated in a workshop to develop the guidelines, which were then subjected to a wide consultation process. The objective of PND was defined as providing prenatal diagnostic testing services (for genetic conditions) that enable families to make informed choices consistent with their individual needs and values and which support them in dealing with the outcome of such testing. General principles, logistical considerations, clinical care and counselling topics are all described and are equally applicable to invasive and non-invasive testing. These guidelines provide a framework for ethical clinical care; however, they are flexible enough to enable practitioners to adapt them to their particular setting. Ideally, an individualised approach to each family is required to ensure autonomous choice and informed consent regarding prenatal diagnostic testing within the local ethical and legal framework. PMID:24022298
A national perspective on prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease.
Nesbitt, Victoria; Alston, Charlotte L; Blakely, Emma L; Fratter, Carl; Feeney, Catherine L; Poulton, Joanna; Brown, Garry K; Turnbull, Doug M; Taylor, Robert W; McFarland, Robert
Mitochondrial diseases affect >1 in 7500 live births and may be due to mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). Genetic counselling for families with mitochondrial diseases, especially those due to mtDNA mutations, provides unique and difficult challenges particularly in relation to disease transmission and prevention. We have experienced an increasing demand for prenatal diagnostic testing from families affected by mitochondrial disease since we first offered this service in 2007. We review the diagnostic records of the 62 prenatal samples (17 mtDNA and 45 nDNA) analysed since 2007, the reasons for testing, mutation investigated and the clinical outcome. Our findings indicate that prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease is reliable and informative for the nuclear and selected mtDNA mutations we have tested. Where available, the results of mtDNA heteroplasmy analyses from other family members are helpful in interpreting the prenatal mtDNA test result. This is particularly important when the mutation is rare or the mtDNA heteroplasmy is observed at intermediate levels. At least 11 cases of mitochondrial disease were prevented following prenatal testing, 3 of which were mtDNA disease. On the basis of our results, we believe that prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease is an important option for couples where appropriate genetic analyses and pre/post-test counselling can be provided. PMID:24642831
Paternal Work Characteristics and Father-Infant Interactions in Low-Income, Rural Families.
Goodman, W Benjamin; Crouter, Ann C; Lanza, Stephanie T; Cox, Martha J
To examine the implications of paternal occupational conditions for the quality of father-infant interactions, home visits, including interviews and videotaped observations of father-infant interactions, were conducted with 446 fathers living in six low-income, nonmetropolitan counties in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. When a variety of individual and demographic characteristics were controlled for, a less supportive work environment was associated with lower levels of fathers' engaged and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions pointed to the importance of understanding combinations of risk factors. Experiencing high levels of workplace stressors, including low levels of self-direction and high levels of care work, in the presence of other individual or demographic risk factors was associated with lower levels of father parenting quality. PMID:20011453
Negotiating Work/Life Balance : The Experience of Fathers and Mothers in Ireland
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Eileen Drew
Full Text Available Working arrangements are still not sufficiently flexible to enable parents to manage their roles as workers and as carers and there remains a dearth of flexible working arrangements and work-life balance policies especially for fathers. This paper examines the degree of work/life balance among fathers, and mothers, employed in 5 major Irish organisations surveyed in 2002. It concentrates on the access to, and takes up of, flexible working time and leave arrangements by fathers and mothers and explores the impact of such arrangements on their careers and their attitudes towards work/life balance. Parents were asked about their actual and preferred childcare arrangements. The majority of fathers were able to rely upon the provision of care by the mother in their own home (an option that was available to only a small proportion of mothers. The paper concludes by discussing the kinds of work/life balance interventions/measures sought by fathers and mothers.
Coercive and prosocial fathering, antisocial personality, and growth in children's postdivorce noncompliance.
DeGarmo, David Scott
To better understand quantity and quality of divorced father contact, a weighted county sample of 230 divorced fathers with a child aged 4-11 years was employed to test whether fathers' antisocial personality (ASP) moderated effects of monthly contact with children in predicting children's observed noncompliance. Eighteen-month latent growth models obtained significant individual differences in levels of noncompliance and growth rates. ASP significantly moderated beneficial impact of fathers' monthly contact. Fathers' observed parenting practices significantly predicted noncompliance levels but not growth. Parenting did not account for the effect of Contact x ASP, suggesting both environmental and potentially genetic influences on child adjustment. Findings were robust across boys and girls and age levels. Implications for preventive intervention are discussed. PMID:20438456
By his father, a merger between fiction and reality?
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Andréia de Oliveira Alencar Iguma
Full Text Available It is possible to say that literature is a vital ally in the question of forming critical readers and inventive. So it is necessary that young readers have access to books of different genres, in order to achieve a dialogue between the fictional world and society through quality books. However, the autobiographical genre is not as widespread in schools, leaving at certain times, to report to the gaps memorial. Therefore, this article shall, with the primary objective, peer writing this memorial to Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós, the work by his father's side. Investigating at what time you can see a merger between fiction and reality in autobiographical narrative, which belongs to a trilogy that depicts the childhood of the author.
A Prospective Three Generational Study of Fathers' Constructive Parenting: Influences from Family of Origin, Adolescent Adjustment, and Offspring Temperament
Kerr, David C. R.; Capaldi, Deborah M.; Pears, Katherine C.; Owen, Lee D.
This prospective, intergenerational study considered multiple influences on 102 fathers' constructive parenting of 181 children. Fathers in the 2nd generation (G2) were recruited as boys on the basis of neighborhood risk for delinquency and assessed through early adulthood. The fathers' parents (G1) and the G2 mothers of G3 also participated. A…
The Representation of Fathers by Children of Depressed Mothers: Refining the Meaning of Parentification in High-Risk Samples
Woolgar, Matthew; Murray, Lynne
Background: Children's representations of mothers in doll-play are associated with child adjustment. Despite the importance of fathers for children's adjustment, especially in the context of maternal psychopathology, few studies have considered children's representations of their fathers. Method: We examined the portrayal of fathers by 5-year-old…
Psychological Well-Being in Fathers of Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Autism
Hartley, Sigan L.; Seltzer, Marsha Mailick; Head, Lara; Abbeduto, Leonard
The psychological well-being of fathers of children with developmental disabilities remains poorly understood. The present study examined depressive symptoms, pessimism, and coping in fathers of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS;n = 59), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs;n = 135), and Fragile X syndrome (n = 46). Fathers of sons or…
Mothering fathers: changes in sight? / Hombres maternales: żcambios avista?
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Bruna, Krimberg von Muhlen; Marilia, Saldanha; Marlene, Neves Strey.
Full Text Available SciELO Peru | Language: English Abstract in spanish Hoy los hombres interactúan más con sus hijos y con su entorno familiar en comparación con décadas pasadas. Los hombres están redefiniendo su identidad y sus funciones, cuestionando las restricciones sociales. Sobre la base de algunos estudios de la antropología, la sociología y la psicología llevad [...] os a cabo en las últimas décadas, especialmente en América Latina, la relación entre padre e hijo es enfocada en este artículo. Con el fin de reflexionar sobre los posibles efectos de los padres maternales a la siguiente generación este estudio trata de poner de relieve la importancia en la relación padre-hijo, en la construcción de la identidad de género masculino y para discutir las asimetrías en la distribución de la atención de los padres, para identificar los elementos que contribuyen para diferentes supuestos sobre la paternidad, la evaluación de la brecha de género entre hombres y mujeres en el cuidado de los nińos. Abstract in english Today men interact more with their children and with their home environments compared with past decades. Men are redefining their identity and their roles, questioning societal constraints. Based on some studies of anthropology, sociology and psychology carried out in recent decades especially in La [...] tin America, the relationship between father and son is focused in this article. In order to reflect on the possible effects of mothering fathers into the next generation this study tries to highlight the importance of parent-child relationship in the construction of male gender identity and to discuss asymmetries in the sharing of parental care, to identify the elements that contribute for different assumptions on fatherhood, and assessing the gender gap between men and women concerning child care.
Diagnóstico prenatal de artrogriposis múltiple congénita / Prenatal diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Ivonne, Martínez Vidal; Karel, Reyes Bacardí; Yudamis, Martínez Nieves; Gladys Hildelisa, Bernal Montes de Oca.
Full Text Available La artrogriposis múltiple congénita puede definirse como una displasia articular sistémica, caracterizada por rigidez articular en múltiples localizaciones de forma congénita. Se presenta un caso en el que se diagnosticó prenatalmente este signo clínico, que puede tener múltiples causas subyacentes. [...] Abstract in english Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita may be defined as a systemic articular dysplasia characterized by articular rigidity in a many locations of congenital origin. A case was presented in which this clinical sign was diagnosed at prenatal phase and it may have many underlying causes. [...
Diagnóstico prenatal de artrogriposis múltiple congénita Prenatal diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
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Ivonne Martínez Vidal
Full Text Available La artrogriposis múltiple congénita puede definirse como una displasia articular sistémica, caracterizada por rigidez articular en múltiples localizaciones de forma congénita. Se presenta un caso en el que se diagnosticó prenatalmente este signo clínico, que puede tener múltiples causas subyacentes.Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita may be defined as a systemic articular dysplasia characterized by articular rigidity in a many locations of congenital origin. A case was presented in which this clinical sign was diagnosed at prenatal phase and it may have many underlying causes.
Analysis of cosegregation of intragenic DNA sequence variations as markers of maternal cell contamination in prenatal diagnosis of ?-thalassemia.
Saadi, Abdul V; Girisha, Katta M; Gopinath, Puthiya M; Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu
Prenatal diagnosis of 3 HBB gene mutations causing ?-thalassemia and hemoglobin D Punjab segregated in a South Indian nuclear family is reported along with a method identified as control for maternal cell contamination (MCC). Amplicons of the HBB gene from genomic DNA obtained from the blood of a thalassemic first child (proband), both parents, and a chorionic villus sample of their second pregnancy were directly sequenced. A test for MCC was performed by genotyping polymorphic microsatellite markers (D21S11 and D21S1270) by quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and capillary gel electrophoresis. The pedigree analysis showed proband as a compound heterozygote of NG_000007.3:g.70691G>C and NG_000007.3:g.72128T>C mutations; showed the father as a compound heterozygote of NG_000007.3:g.72128T>C and NG_000007.3:g.71938G>C mutations; and showed the mother as a heterozygous carrier of the NG_000007.3:g.70691G>C mutation. The fetus inherited a normal maternal allele and a mutant paternal allele NG_000007.3:g.72128T>C and was ascertained a carrier of ?-thalassemia. Analysis of cosegregation of 5 other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the family, including NG_000007.3:g.70603T>C, NG_000007.3:g.71055G>C, NG_000007.3:g.71113T>G, NG_000007.3:g.72332G>A, and NG_000007.3:g.72334A>C, defined the disease allele haplotypes. QF-PCR showed no extra maternal alleles in the fetal sample. Prenatal diagnosis of mutations and an absence of MCC was confirmed by cosegregation of the SNPs, suggesting the utility of a panel of such polymorphisms that can serve to identify MCC quickly and reliably. PMID:21316031
Contribution of the education of the prospective fathers to the success of maternal health care programme.
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Bhalerao V
Full Text Available The role of involving prospective fathers in the care of pregnant women attending the Mother Craft Clinic of the Malavani Health Center in Bombay, India was evaluated. Beginning in October 1982, pregnant women attending the Clinic were requested to ask their husands to meet the resident medical officer of the center who was available on the premises of the Center on all days and evenings including the holidays. 1 of the medico-social workers explained to the women the reason and the need for their husbands coming and meeting the doctor at the Center. The outcome of the maternal health care program for the 270 women whose husbands were invited and came (Group 1 was compared with the outcome of the same program, under the same roof, for 405 women whose husbands could not be invited (Group 2. The husbands who attended the center were educated individually and in groups about their role in nutrition and health of their wives during pregnancy and their responsibility in subsequent child rearing. The physiology of pregnancy, complications of pregnancy, and the possible ways and means of preventing the complications were explained in detail. The husbands were also told to encourage their wives to attend the antenatal clinic of the center as often as possible. There was no difference in the socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and religious background of the 2 groups of women who were similar in parity distribution. The main difference between the 2 groups was a significantly lower perinatal mortality in Group 1. Only 60 of the 405 Group 2 women were considered eligible for postpartum sterilization (para 3 and higher. In contrast, 41 of the 270 Group 1 women were considered eligible for postpartum sterilization and 110 women accepted. The excess of those who accepted over those who were eligible came form the lower paras. This effort confirms that the involvement of prospective fathers is possible and pays good dividends even in an uneducated and low socioeconomic connumity such as that in Malavani.
Perceptions about prenatal care: views of urban vulnerable groups
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Hatcher Barbara
Full Text Available Abstract Background In the United States, infant mortality rates remain more than twice as high for African Americans as compared to other racial groups. Lack of adherence to prenatal care schedules in vulnerable, hard to reach, urban, poor women is associated with high infant mortality, particularly for women who abuse substances, are homeless, or live in communities having high poverty and high infant mortality. This issue is of concern to the women, their partners, and members of their communities. Because they are not part of the system, these womens' views are often not included in other studies. Methods This qualitative study used focus groups with four distinct categories of people, to collect observations about prenatal care from various perspectives. The 169 subjects included homeless women; women with current or history of substance abuse; significant others of homeless women; and residents of a community with high infant mortality and poverty indices, and low incidence of adequate prenatal care. A process of coding and recoding using Ethnograph and counting ensured reliability and validity of the process of theme identification. Results Barriers and motivators to prenatal care were identified in focus groups. Pervasive issues identified were drug lifestyle, negative attitudes of health care providers and staff, and non-inclusion of male partners in the prenatal experience. Conclusions Designing prenatal care relevant to vulnerable women in urban communities takes creativity, thoughtfulness, and sensitivity. System changes recommended include increased attention to substance abuse treatment/prenatal care interaction, focus on provider/staff attitudes, and commitment to inclusion of male partners.
Inadequate utilization of prenatal care in two Brazilian birth cohorts
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
L.C., Coimbra; F.P., Figueiredo; A.A.M., Silva; M.A., Barbieri; H., Bettiol; A.J.M., Caldas; E.G., Mochel; V.S., Ribeiro.
Full Text Available SciELO Brazil | Language: English Abstract in english Data for two birth cohorts from two Brazilian municipalities, Ribeirăo Preto in 1994 and Săo Luís in 1997/1998, were used to identify and compare factors associated with inadequate utilization of prenatal care and to identify factors capable of explaining the differences observed between the two cit [...] ies. Prenatal care was defined as adequate or inadequate according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used to compare differences in the inadequacy of prenatal care utilization. The percentage of inadequacy was higher in Săo Luís (34.6%) than in Ribeirăo Preto (16.9%). Practically the same variables were associated with inadequacy in both cities. Puerperae with lower educational level, without a companion or cohabiting, who delivered in public health units, younger than 20 years, multiparae and smokers, with low family income presented higher percentages of inadequate prenatal care utilization. However, the effects of some variables differed between the two cities. The risk for inadequate use of prenatal care was higher for women attended in the public health sector in Săo Luís and for cohabiting women in Ribeirăo Preto. The effect of the remaining factors studied did not differ between cities. The category of admission accounted for 57.0% of the difference in the inadequate use of prenatal care between cities and marital status accounted for 45.3% of the difference. Even after adjustment for all variables, part of the difference in the inadequacy of prenatal care utilization remained unexplained.
Unjustified prenatal radiation exposure in medical applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The exposure to the radiation ionising of pregnant women, frequently constitutes motive of preoccupation for the expectant mother and the medical professionals taken the responsibility with its attention. The protection of the embryo-fetus against the ionising radiation is of singular importance due to its special vulnerability to this agent. On the other hand the diagnosis or treatment with radiations ionising beneficial for the expectant mother, are only indirectly for the embryo-fetus that is exposed to a hazard without perceiving anything. The present paper presents the experience obtained in the clinical and dosimetric evaluation from twenty-one pregnant patients subjected to diverse radiodiagnostic procedures or nuclear medicine during the years 1999-2000. The obtained results evidence that 24% of the patients was subjected to procedures of nuclear medicine with diagnostic purposes. While the period of pregnancy of the patients ranged between 4 and 12 weeks, it could be concluded that in all the cases the doses received by the patients in the whole body did not exceed 2 mSv. When conjugating the period of pregnancy of the patients with the doses received, there is no evidence of significant risk for the embryo-fetus. Paradoxically the physicians of assistance suggested to their patients in all the cases to carry out the interruption of the pregnancy, demonstrating with this decision ignorance on the biological effects of the ionizing radiations during the prenatal exposures. (author)
El control prenatal: una reflexión urgente Prenatal care: an urgent reflection
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Flor de María Cáceres-Manrique
Full Text Available Introducción y objetivo: este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la adherencia y las barreras de acceso al control prenatal (CPN. El CPN es la estrategia recomendada para detectar tempranamente riesgos del embarazo, instaurar el manejo adecuado, prevenir complicaciones y preparar a la gestante para el parto y la crianza. Sin embargo, no todas las embarazadas logran acceder al CPN por diferentes razones, la mayoría ajenas a su voluntad. Por tanto, es necesario reflexionar sobre las barreras de acceso y los motivos de las fallas en la adherencia al CPN para dirigir la investigación con el fin de hacer realidad el sueńo de una maternidad saludable.Introduction and objective: this paper aims to reflect on how access to prenatal care (PNC is adhered to and the barriers to it. PNC is the recommended strategy for the early detection risks during pregnancy, establishing suitable management, preventing complications and preparing pregnant females for birth and parenting. However, not all pregnant women have access to PNC for different reasons, these being mostly beyond their control. The barriers to and reasons for failure to adhere to PNC must thus be known to ensure that the dream of safe motherhood becomes real.
Prenatal care: examining indicators according to criteria of humanization program of prenatal and birth
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Samira Maria Oliveira Almeida, Marília Amélia Camurça Ramos, Lauana Pimentel de Melo, Régia Maria Batista Leite, Fátima Maria da Silva Abrăo
Full Text Available Objective: to describe and analyze prenatal care, according to criteria of PHPN. Methodology: this is about an exploratory and descriptive study, from quantitative approach. Study's subjects were 4131 pregnant women registered in SISPRENATAL from 2002 to 2006. Data were collected through a form applied to SISPRENATAL after approval by the Ethics Committee on Research of the Centre Integrated Health Amauri de Medeiros/CISAM under protocol number CAAE - 0263.0.000.250-08. Results: 76.5% of pregnant women started prenatal care until the fourth month of pregnancy. As for exams, 60.3% of them made any classification blood, 24.7% had VDRL full, 59.9% had hemoglobin and hematocrit, 24.86% had complete glucose exam, 24.1%, 26.9% and 46 4%, respectively, underwent urinalysis, HIV testing and were immunized against tetanus. As indicators: consultations, examinations and postpartum period, only 11.1% had them all together, so this is performed six or more consultations, recommended tests and post-partum visit. Conclusion: we concluded that the percentages identified can cause negative impacts to the health of mother and baby, and to difficult, consistently, the reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality. Therefore, the study highlights the need to train professionals, to ensure the realization of exam and treatment of complications, to ensure a quality care, while respecting the rights established.
Diagnóstico prenatal de la hiperplasia adrenal congénita, una realidad / Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hiperplasia
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Tania Mayvel, Espinosa Reyes.
Full Text Available SciELO Cuba | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish La hiperplasia adrenal congénita es una de las endocrinopatías más frecuentes en la infancia. Resulta desde el punto de vista clínico en un trastorno del desarrollo sexual asociado o no a un cuadro de pérdida salina en la etapa neonatal, manifestaciones de hiperandrogenismo en la adolescencia u olig [...] omenorrea y trastornos de la fertilidad en la adultez. Las posibilidades de diagnóstico en el periodo prenatal han marcado un nuevo hito en el manejo y el pronóstico de estas personas, de ahí el interés por su conocimiento y dominio. Abstract in english Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies in childhood. It is from the clinical viewpoint a sexual development disorder associated or not to salt loss condition in the neonatal phase, hyperandrogenism manifestations in adolescence and oligomenorrhea and fertility di [...] sorders in the adulthood. The diagnostic possibilities in the prenatal period has marked new milestone in management and prognosis of these patients, hence the interest of professionals for gaining more knowledge about this disorder.
Diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de fibroelastosis endocárdica / Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis
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Eliecer, Prades Hung; Sucel, Tamayo Heal; Raúl, Santiago Castellanos; Norka Ivis, Hernández Begué.
Full Text Available Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 39 ańos de edad, quien fuera ingresada a las 22 semanas de gravidez en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente "Tamara Bunke Bider" de Santiago de Cuba, luego de ser remitida del Centro Provincial de Genética por el diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de fibro [...] elastosis endocárdica, confirmado en el Cardiocentro de esta provincia. Después de la interrupción del embarazo, sugerida en la consulta de Genética, se realizó la autopsia al feto y con el estudio hístico del ventrículo izquierdo se corroboró la miocardiopatía. Abstract in english The case report of a 39-year-old pregnant woman is presented, who was admitted at 22 weeks of pregnancy to "Tamara Bunke Bider" Teaching Gynecoobstetric Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, after being referred from the Provincial Center of Genetics due to prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of endocardial fibro [...] elastosis, confirmed at the Heart Center of this province. After abortion, suggested at the Department of Genetics, autopsy was performed and the fetal left ventricle tissue study confirmed cardiomyopathy.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Findings of Bronchogenic Cyst
Rios, Livia Teresa Moreira; Araujo Júnior, Edward; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado; Moron, Antonio Fernandes; Martins, Marília da Glória
Bronchogenic cysts arise from abnormal buds from the primitive esophagus and tracheobronchial tree, which do not extend to the site where alveolar differentiation occurs. Bronchogenic cysts are typically unilocular mucus field lesions arising from posterior membranous wall of the air way. The prenatal diagnosis usually is realized by two-dimensional ultrasound showing the large unilocular cystic image in the chest fetus. The prenatal percutaneous aspiration can reduce the risk of heart compression and permit better respiratory conditions to newborn. We present a case of a primiparous pregnant 23 year-old-woman prenatal ultrasound showed a large unilocular cyst in the left hemithorax with compression of the normal left lung tissue and contralateral mediastinal shift. This cyst was percutaneously aspirated without subsequent reaccumulation of fluid. The newborn did not have respiratory distress and the computed tomography scan confirmed the finding of a fluid-filled cyst in the left chest. The chest X-ray showed the displacement of the heart and the mediastinum from the left to the right. The prenatal diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst is very important to assess the degree of the compression of the normal lung and the mediastinum shift. Furthermore, the prenatal diagnosis permits planning delivery in the tertiary hospital with multidisciplinary team because of the risk of respiratory distress. PMID:23762726
The results of cytogenetic analyses in prenatal diagnosis
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Jovanovi?-Privrodski Jadranka
Full Text Available Introduction. G-banding and other classical cytogenetic methods are still in use, together with molecular cytogenetic techniques such as FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and SKY (Spectral Karyotyping. Material and methods. This retrospective study evaluated clinical data on individuaols seeking genetic counseling over a 15-year period (1992 - 2007 at the Medical Genetic Center, Child and Youth Health Care Institute of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. The study included 37.191 genetic counselings, and 20.607 prenatal analyses (amniocentesis and cordocentesis. Results Over a 15-year period (1992 - 2007 17.937 amniotic fluid samples were analyzed and 274 abnormal karyotypes were found; out of 2.670 fetal blood samples, there were 78 abnormal karyotypes. During a 15-year period, prenatal diagnosis, using amniocentesis and/or cordocentesis, showed 352 fetuses with chromosomal aberrations. Discussion. On average, over the past 15-year period, 8% of pregnancies were controlled with invasive prenatal procedures. The percentage has changed; in fact, it is increasing from year to year. In 1992, only 0.82% (N=139/17000 of pregnant women in Vojvodina underwent invasive prenatal procedures, and in 2006 the rate increased to 15.65% (N=2660/17000. Conclusion. It is necessary to improve and promote the possibilities of genetic counseling and invasive prenatal diagnosis in order to prevent the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations and other genetic diseases.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in relation to maternal prenatal smoking.
Shenoi, Susan; Bell, Samantha; Wallace, Carol A; Mueller, Beth A
Abstract Introduction: Cigarette smoking increases the risk of seropositive adult rheumatoid arthritis. The relationship of smoking with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), a heterogenous group of seven mutually exclusive categories of chronic childhood inflammatory arthritides, is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the association between JIA and its categories with maternal prenatal smoking. Methods: This case-control study used ICD-9 codes from hospital records to identify 1196 JIA cases born in Washington State and diagnosed at a quaternary pediatric center from 1997-2010. Controls (n=5618) were randomly selected from birth records of children without JIA, frequency matched on birth year. Prenatal smoking exposure was assessed from subjects' birth certificates. Chart review categorized JIA into International League of Associations of Rheumatologist (ILAR) categories. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. Results: We did not observe an increased risk of JIA in relation to maternal prenatal smoking. Prenatal smoking was reported less often among mothers of JIA cases (11%), than among control mothers (17%, OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58 - 0.87), a relationship somewhat more marked for oligoarticular/ extended oligoarticular JIA. Although this relationship persisted after adjustment, we cannot rule out that this effect may have been due to residual confounding by socio-economic status. Conclusions: We did not observe an increased risk of JIA or its individual categories with maternal prenatal smoking. © 2014 American College of Rheumatology. PMID:25201389
Prenatal x-ray and childhood cancer in twins
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In order to evaluate the causal nature of the relationship between prenatal x-ray exposure and childhood cancer, a case control study was conducted in a population of over 32,000 twins born in the state of Connecticut from 1930-1969 and followed to age 15. Thirty-two incident cancer cases were identified by linking the Connecticut Twin and Tumor registries. Each case was matched with four controls on year of birth, sex, race, and survival. Prenatal x-ray information as well as reproductive, delivery and birth data were obtained from the hospital of birth, the physician providing prenatal care, private radiology groups and interviews with hospital staff. The case control study which obtained exposure information on selected subjects found an increased risk of childhood cancer from prenatal x-ray exposure. The risk associated with radiation exposure was elevated in the following subcategories: mother with history of pregnancy loss, a gravity greater than 1, under 30 years of age, and twins weighing five pounds or more at birth. The results, though based on small numbers, strengthen the association between prenatal x-ray exposure and childhood cancer
Prenatal depression effects on early development: a review.
Field, Tiffany
This review of recent research on prenatal depression suggests that it is a strong predictor of postpartum depression and is more common than postpartum depression. Prenatal depression has been associated with excessive activity and growth delays in the fetus as well as prematurity, low birthweight, disorganized sleep and less responsiveness to stimulation in the neonate. Infants of depressed mothers have difficult temperament, and later in development attentional, emotional and behavioral problems have been noted during childhood and adolescence, as well as chronic illnesses in adulthood. Several variables have confounded the effects of prenatal depression including comorbid anxiety and anger as well as stressful life events. Potential mediating variables are low prenatal maternal dopamine and serotonin levels and elevated cortisol and norepinephrine. The associated intrauterine artery resistance may limit blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Some studies also suggest the heritability of developmental problems for the children of prenatally depressed mothers, including ADHD and antisocial behavior. Multivariate, longitudinal research is needed to disentangle these confounding and mediating variables. PMID:20970195
Outcome of Vesicoureteral Reflux in infants: Impact of Prenatal Diagnosis
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Hamid Mohammadjafari
Full Text Available Objective: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR is an important disorder that could be diagnosed in antenatal or postnatal period. The natural history of VUR seems to be different between prenatal or postnatal forms of the disease. We compared the natural history and outcome of vesicoureteral reflux in infants less than one year old diagnosed prenatally or postnatally.Methods: All infants less than 12 months old with VUR were enrolled in two groups. Group 1 composed of patients with antenatal hydronephrosis and group2, infants with diagnosis of VUR because of UTI or other postnatal problems. We followed patients for an average of 33 months. Outcome was assessed by several factors: somatic growth, need for surgery, resolution, occurrence of UTI and scar formation.Findings: We studied 236 renal units in 152 patients (70 boys, 82girls, 67 patients in group 1 and 85 patients in group2. Occurrence of recurrent UTI was 10.6% with no significant difference between two groups. Reflux resolved in postnatal group more significantly than in the other group (73% vs 49%. Scar developed similarly in both groups (15% vs 25% of renal units. Surgery performed in 7 (8.2% of postnatal and 4 (6% of prenatal group with no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: VUR diagnosed prenatally has similar importance and outcome as postnatal diagnosed one. We suggest performing the same imaging and treatment procedures for prenatally and postnatally diagnosed VUR.
Informed consent: attitudes, knowledge and information concerning prenatal examination
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dahl, Katja; Kesmodel, Ulrik
Background: Providing women with information enabling an informed consent to prenatal examinations has been widely recommended. Objective: The primary purpose of this review is to summarise current knowledge of the pregnant woman's expectations and attitudes concerning prenatal examinations, as well as the knowledge possessed by pregnant women undergoing prenatal examinations. Second, we explore their reasons for accepting or declining available screening tests. Results: More than 90 %of the pregnant women expressed a positive attitude toward screening preocedures in pregnancy. Most often (70-96%), the pregnant women were found knowledgeable about the procedural and preactical aspects, but were more seldom (31-81%) able to correctly identify the purpose of tracing fetal malformations. Some 29-65 % were not familiar with the existence of a false negative result, and 30-43 % were found unaware of the possibility of a false negative result. The risk of miscarriage in relation to amniocentesis (AC) is unknown to 11-53%. Uptake rates are associated with attitudes towards prenatal examinations, but not knowledge of the test offered. A total of 88 % concidered their health care provider an important source of information, and 57 % stated that this information has influenced their decision. Conclusions: Pregnant women favor prenatal examinations, but the choice of participation does not seem to be based on insight to enable full informed consent. Health care providers are perceived as an essential source of information.
[Prenatal exposure to androgens as a factor of fetal programming].
Recabarren, Sergio E; Sir-Petermann, Teresa; Maliqueo, Manuel; Lobos, Alejandro; Rojas-García, Pedro
Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest a relationship between the prenatal environment and the risk of developing diseases during adulthood. The first observations about this relationship showed that prenatal growth retardation or stress conditions during fetal life were associated to cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases in later life. However, not only those conditions may have lasting effects after birth. Growing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to steroids (either of fetal or maternal origin) could be another source of prenatal programming with detrimental consequences during adulthood. We have recently demonstrated that pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit elevated androgen levels compared to normal pregnant women, which could provide an androgen excess for both female or male fetuses. We have further tested this hypothesis in an animal model of prenatal androgenization, finding that females born from androgenized mothers have a low birth weight and high insulin resistance, that starts at an early age. On the other hand, males have low testosterone and LH secretion in response to a GnRH analogue test compared to control males and alterations in seminal parameters. We therefore propose that our efforts should be directed to modify the hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment to reduce the potential development of reproductive and metabolic diseases during adulthood. PMID:16532170
[Impact of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure on birth parameters].
Pola?ska, Kinga; Hanke, Wojciech; Sobala, Wojciech; Ligocka, Danuta
The aim of the study was to analyze the association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and child anthropometric parameters at birth such birth weight, length, head and chest circumference. The study population consisted of 107 pregnant women from Lodz district as the part of Polish Mother and Child Cohort study. The child prenatal ETS exposure was assessed based on questionnaire with mothers and cotinine level in saliva collected three times in pregnancy. The level of cotinine in biological samples was analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS ESI+). About 35% of the children were prenatally exposed to ETS. The birth weight of the children prenatally exposed to ETS was 335 g lower than the birth weight of non-exposed newborns p < 0.001 after adjustment for: maternal educational level, marital status, prepregnancy weight, child gender, and gestational age. The same refers to child length and chest circumference (coef. -1.1 cm; p = 0.03 and coef. -1.3 cm; p = 0.002 respectively). Taking into account the negative effect of prenatal exposure to ETS, more efforts need to be taken to eliminate child ETS exposure. PMID:21360909
Hidronefrosis prenatal en doble sistema excretor / Prenatal hydronephrosis in double excretory system
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Sandalio, Durán Álvarez; Rosario, Calviac Mendoza; Raisa, Durán Menéndez; Yamilé, Marrero García.
Full Text Available Con la introducción del ultrasonido materno-fetal en el seguimiento sistemático del embarazo normal se detectan anomalías congénitas en el 1 % de los fetos, el 20 % de las cuales corresponden al tracto urinario. Se realizó el estudio de recién nacidos y lactantes con hidronefrosis prenatal, cuyos ul [...] trasonidos materno-fetales demostraron la presencia de un doble sistema excretor. Para este propósito todos los recién nacidos y lactantes con hidronefrosis detectada prenatalmente, y doble sistema excretor diagnosticado antes o después del nacimiento, fueron seguidos mediante ultrasonografía renal evolutiva, uretrocistografía miccional, gammagrafía estática o dinámica y, en algunos casos, mediante urograma excretor. Hallamos doble sistema excretor en 7 de los 182 pacientes (3,8 %) con anormalidades del tracto urinario diagnosticadas antes del nacimiento. El diagnóstico fue prenatal solo en uno de los fetos (31 semanas de embarazo). La dilatación hidronefrótica fue ligera en dos fetos y grave en cinco. La hidronefrosis obedeció a diferentes causas. Se realizó nefrectomía polar superior en los casos de ectopia ureteral y de uréter superior obstruido, reimplantación en un ureterocele, y en otro se comprobó la ruptura espontánea mediante endoscopia. Los restantes pacientes se trataron sintomáticamente. La hidronefrosis detectada antes del nacimiento mediante ultrasonografía materno-fetal puede estar asociada a un doble sistema excretor. La dilatación hidronefrótica asociada a un doble sistema puede deberse a diferentes causas, y es necesario estudiar cuidadosa y sistemáticamente a estos nińos y tratarlos adecuadamente, porque cada uno puede necesitar una conducta diferente. Abstract in english With the introduction of the maternofetal ultrasound in the systematic follow-up of normal pregnancy, congenital anomalies are detected in 1 % of the fetuses, 20 % of which correspond to the urinary tract. The newborns and infants with prenatal hydronephrosis were studied. The maternofetal ultrasoun [...] d showed a double excretory system. To this end, all the newborns and infants with prenatally detected hydronephrosis and double excretory system diagnosed before or after birth were followed up by evolutive renal ultrasonography, micturition urethrocystography, static or dynamic scintigraphy and, in some cases, by excretory urogram. Double excretory system was found in 7 of the 182 patients (3.8 %) with abnormalities of the urinary tract diagnosed before birth. Diagnosis was prenatal in just one of the fetuses (31 weeks of pregnancy). Hydronephrotic dilatation was mild in two fetuses and severe in five. Hydronephrosis had different causes. Upper polar nephrectomy was performed in those cases of ureteral ectopy and obstructed upper ureter, reimplantation in one ureterocele, whereas in another it was confirmed the spontaneous rupture by endoscopy. The rest of the patients were symptomatically treated. The hydronephrosis detected before birth by maternofetal ultrasonography may be associated with a double excretory system. Hydronephrotic dilatation associated with a double excretory system may have different causes, and it is necessary to study carefully and systematically these children and to treat them adequately, since each of them may need a different conduct.
Hidronefrosis prenatal en doble sistema excretor Prenatal hydronephrosis in double excretory system
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Sandalio Durán Álvarez
Full Text Available Con la introducción del ultrasonido materno-fetal en el seguimiento sistemático del embarazo normal se detectan anomalías congénitas en el 1 % de los fetos, el 20 % de las cuales corresponden al tracto urinario. Se realizó el estudio de recién nacidos y lactantes con hidronefrosis prenatal, cuyos ultrasonidos materno-fetales demostraron la presencia de un doble sistema excretor. Para este propósito todos los recién nacidos y lactantes con hidronefrosis detectada prenatalmente, y doble sistema excretor diagnosticado antes o después del nacimiento, fueron seguidos mediante ultrasonografía renal evolutiva, uretrocistografía miccional, gammagrafía estática o dinámica y, en algunos casos, mediante urograma excretor. Hallamos doble sistema excretor en 7 de los 182 pacientes (3,8 % con anormalidades del tracto urinario diagnosticadas antes del nacimiento. El diagnóstico fue prenatal solo en uno de los fetos (31 semanas de embarazo. La dilatación hidronefrótica fue ligera en dos fetos y grave en cinco. La hidronefrosis obedeció a diferentes causas. Se realizó nefrectomía polar superior en los casos de ectopia ureteral y de uréter superior obstruido, reimplantación en un ureterocele, y en otro se comprobó la ruptura espontánea mediante endoscopia. Los restantes pacientes se trataron sintomáticamente. La hidronefrosis detectada antes del nacimiento mediante ultrasonografía materno-fetal puede estar asociada a un doble sistema excretor. La dilatación hidronefrótica asociada a un doble sistema puede deberse a diferentes causas, y es necesario estudiar cuidadosa y sistemáticamente a estos nińos y tratarlos adecuadamente, porque cada uno puede necesitar una conducta diferente.With the introduction of the maternofetal ultrasound in the systematic follow-up of normal pregnancy, congenital anomalies are detected in 1 % of the fetuses, 20 % of which correspond to the urinary tract. The newborns and infants with prenatal hydronephrosis were studied. The maternofetal ultrasound showed a double excretory system. To this end, all the newborns and infants with prenatally detected hydronephrosis and double excretory system diagnosed before or after birth were followed up by evolutive renal ultrasonography, micturition urethrocystography, static or dynamic scintigraphy and, in some cases, by excretory urogram. Double excretory system was found in 7 of the 182 patients (3.8 % with abnormalities of the urinary tract diagnosed before birth. Diagnosis was prenatal in just one of the fetuses (31 weeks of pregnancy. Hydronephrotic dilatation was mild in two fetuses and severe in five. Hydronephrosis had different causes. Upper polar nephrectomy was performed in those cases of ureteral ectopy and obstructed upper ureter, reimplantation in one ureterocele, whereas in another it was confirmed the spontaneous rupture by endoscopy. The rest of the patients were symptomatically treated. The hydronephrosis detected before birth by maternofetal ultrasonography may be associated with a double excretory system. Hydronephrotic dilatation associated with a double excretory system may have different causes, and it is necessary to study carefully and systematically these children and to treat them adequately, since each of them may need a different conduct.
Pesquisa de los riesgos preconcepcional y prenatal / Screening of the pre-conception and prenatal risks
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Florinda, Varona de la Peńa; Nerys, Hechavarría Rodríguez; Nora M., Orive Rodríguez.
Full Text Available SciELO Cuba | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish La evaluación del riesgo reproductivo a nivel comunitario incluye el diagnóstico de las condiciones que significan un peligro potencial para el desarrollo saludable de la gestación y el nińo. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la pesquisa de los riesgos preconcepcional y prenatal e [...] n mujeres en edad fértil y gestantes, respectivamente, residentes en la provincia de Las Tunas. Se revisaron los registros y reportes estadísticos del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica correspondientes a los ańos 2007 y 2008 para tomar el universo de mujeres a evaluar y las estudiadas, con lo que se calculó la cobertura de ambos programas. Se determinaron las frecuencias relacionadas con los riesgos por cada condición de riesgo: cromosomopatías, hemoglobinopatías, malformaciones congénitas, teratogenicidad y otras afecciones hereditarias. El 55,0 % de las mujeres evaluadas durante el último ańo y el 79,3 % en el 2007 fue clasificada con algún riesgo preconcepcional, con un predominio de las cromosomopatías como criterio más frecuente de riesgo. El 40,7 % de las 5 746 gestantes atendidas en el 2008 fue considerada con riesgos prenatales, por debajo del 49,2 % en el ańo precedente. El riesgo por cromosomopatía fue el predominante en la evaluación prenatal, presente en 62,1 % y 71,3 % de las gestantes en el 2007 y el 2008, respectivamente, a expensas del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se requiere de criterios uniformes para la evaluación del riesgo genético en las mujeres, a las que se les ofrece un seguimiento especializado por los servicios comunitarios de Genética e interconsultas con otras especialidades. Abstract in english The assessment of reproductive risk at community level includes the diagnosis of conditions that are a potential risk for the healthy development of pregnancy and the baby. In the present paper the results of a screening of the pre-conception and prenatal risks in women of fertile age and pregnants, [...] respectively, resident of the Las Tunas provinceare shown. The authors analyzed the registries and statistical reports from the Provincial Central of Medical Genetic corresponding to years 2007 and 2008 in order to include both the universe of women assessed and studied, estimating the coverage of both programs. The frequencies related to each risk condition, e.g. chromosomal diseases, hemoglobinopathies, birth defects, theratogenicity and other hereditary affections were al determined. 55.0 % of women assessed during the last year and 79.3 % in 2007 were classified with some pre-conception risk with a predominance of chromosomal diseases as the most frequent criterion of risk. The 40.7 % of the 5 746 pregnants seen in 2008 was considered in prenatal risks, a figure under the 49.2 % in the previous year. The risk of chromosomal disease was predominant in the prenatal assessment, present in the 62.1 % and the 71.3 % of pregnants in 2007 and 2008, respectively, at the expense of the pregnant during adolescence. It is necessary the presence of uniform criteria to assess the genetic risk in women who receive a specialized follow-up by Genetics community services and inter-consultation with other specialties.
The 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' community effectiveness trial: study protocol of a community-based healthy lifestyle program for fathers and their children
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Morgan Philip J
Full Text Available Abstract Background The 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' program was designed to help overweight fathers lose weight and positively influence the health behaviors of their children. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the previously established program in a community setting, in a large effectiveness trial. Methods/Design The Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids community trial consists of three stages: (i Stage 1 - program refinement and resource development (ii Stage 2 - community randomized controlled trial (iii Stage 3 - community effectiveness trial. The program will be evaluated in five Local Government Areas in the Hunter Valley Region of NSW, Australia. For the community randomized controlled trial, 50 overweight/obese men (aged 18-65 years from one Local Government Area with a child aged between 5-12 years of age will be recruited. Families will be randomized to either the program or a 6-month wait-list control group. Fathers and their children will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (3-months and 6-months. Inclusion criteria are: body mass index 25-40 kg/m2; no participation in other weight loss programs during the study; pass a health-screening questionnaire; and access to a computer with Internet facilities. In the community trial, the program will be evaluated using a non-randomized, prospective design in five Local Government Areas. The exclusion criteria is body mass index 2 or lack of doctor's approval. Measures will be collected at baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-months. The program involves fathers attending seven face-to-face group sessions (three with children over 3-months. Measures: The primary outcome is fathers' weight. Secondary outcomes for both fathers and children include: waist circumference, blood pressure, resting heart rate, physical activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary intake. Father-only measures include portion size, alcohol consumption, parenting for physical activity and nutrition and parental engagement. Process evaluation will determine the fidelity, dose (delivered and received, reach, recruitment and context of the program. Discussion As a unique approach to reducing obesity prevalence in men and improving lifestyle behaviours in children, our findings will provide important evidence relating to the translation of Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids, which will enable it to be delivered on a larger scale. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR: ACTRN12610000608066
Pseudo Double Bubble: Jejunal Duplication Mimicking Duodenal Atresia on Prenatal Ultrasound
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David Schwartzberg
Full Text Available Prenatal ultrasound showing a "double bubble" is considered to be pathognomonic of duodenal atresia. We recently encountered an infant with prenatal findings suggestive of duodenal atresia with a normal karyotype who actually had a jejunal duplication cyst on exploration. A finding of an antenatal "double bubble" should lead to a thorough evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and appropriate prenatal/neonatal testing and management as many cystic lesions within the abdomen can present with this prenatal finding.
The Association between Prenatal Exposure to Cigarettes and Infant and Maternal Negative Affect
Schuetze, Pamela; Eiden, Rina D.
This study examined the association between prenatal exposure to cigarettes and infant and maternal negative affect. Participants were 115 mother-infant dyads (69 prenatally exposed to cigarettes and 46 nonexposed). Infant and maternal negative affect were both assessed during the neonatal period (2–4 weeks of age) and again at 7 months of infant age. Results indicated that only prenatal exposure to cigarettes predicted infant negative affect. Infants who were prenatally exposed to more cig...
Impaired Odor Identification in Children with Histories of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Bower, Emily; Szajer, Jacquelyn; Mattson, Sarah N.; Riley, Edward P.; Murphy, Claire
Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to behavioral and cognitive impairments across multiple domains. Many of the brain regions impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure are also linked with olfactory processing, and odor identification deficits have been documented in certain neurological disorders associated with these brain regions. As odor identification following prenatal alcohol exposure is not well studied, we compared odor identification in children with prenatal exposure to alcohol (AE) to...
Expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and spatial learning in chicks following prenatal auditory stimulation.
Chaudhury, Sraboni; Jain, Suman; Wadhwa, Shashi
Prenatal auditory stimulation by species-specific sound influences the expression and levels of calcium-binding proteins in the chick hippocampus, which is important to learning and memory. Stimulation by sitar music additionally produces structural changes in the hippocampus. Synapse density, which influences the synaptic plasticity, is also increased following both types of sound stimulation. Here we report the expression of mRNA as well as levels of synaptic proteins (synaptophysin, synapsin I and PSD-95) in the hippocampus of developing chicks subjected to prenatal auditory stimulation. Further, to evaluate the behavioral outcome following acoustic stimulation, posthatch day 1 (PH1) chicks were analyzed by T-maze test for spatial learning. Fertilized zero day eggs were incubated under normal conditions and subjected to patterned sounds of species-specific or sitar music at 65 dB levels for 15 min/h over 24 h at a frequency range of 100-6,300 Hz for a period of 11 days from embryonic day (E) 10 until hatching. Following both types of prenatal acoustic stimulation, a significant increase in the levels of synaptophysin mRNA and protein was found from E12, whereas that of synapsin I and PSD-95 was observed from E16, suggesting early maturation of the excitatory synapse. A significant decrease in the time taken to reach the target over the 3 trials in both sound-stimulated groups indicates improved spatial learning. In the music-stimulated group, however, the time taken to reach the target was reduced from the very first trial, which may point to an involvement of other behavioral attributes in facilitating spatial navigation. PMID:20453464
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Jim Golby
Full Text Available The 2D:4D ratio is a putative marker for prenatal testosterone and has the potential to explain variations in sport performance. To date there has been little research into the association between sporting performance, digit ratio and psychological variables. This study examined the relationship between 2D:4D and mental toughness, optimism, goal orientations, aggression, coping style and their association with sporting achievement. A post facto design was adopted. Participants consisted of an opportunity sample of 122 sports people: male (n =60 and female (n = 62 from a university in North East England. Following informed consent, a Vernier Caliper was used to measure digit ratio hand scans. Participants completed self-reports measures including, the Alternative Psychological Performance Inventory (Golby et al., 2008, Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Sheard et al., 2009, Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier et al., 1994, Buss-Perry aggression (Buss-Perry, 1992 and 30 item coping style questionnaire (Joseph et al., 1995. MANOVA revealed significant gender differences in 2D:4D with males demonstrating lower ratios (Manning, 2002. The 2D:4D was found to differentiate eleven of the seventeen measured variables, including mental toughness scores (p < 0.001 and varying levels of sporting achievement i.e. international/national, regional and school levels (p< 0.001. Specifically, this difference was significant when comparing the highest (international/national and lowest (leisure/school groups. Perhaps there is a threshold for prenatal testosterone's influence upon sporting ability. Further research is necessary to examine the subtle differences between competitors involved in different achievement levels. It is proposed that high prenatal levels of testosterone may contribute to the development of increased mental toughness, optimism, ego/task goal orientations in individuals, and hence aptitude towards sport. Findings lend support for the tentative claim that mental toughness may be partially biologically predetermined. Theoretical and practical implications are considered, along with limitations of the current study
Spatio-Temporal Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ? During Human Prenatal Development.
Cizkova, Katerina; Rajdova, Aneta; Ehrmann, Jiri
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor which is activated by various endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. It is involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, such as nutrient metabolism, energy homoeostasis, immunological response and xenobiotic metabolism. Little is known about its expression during human prenatal development. We examined the spatio-temporal expression pattern of PPAR? in human embryonic/foetal intestines, liver and kidney from the 5th to 20th week of prenatal life by indirect two-step immunohistochemistry. PPAR? expression can already be detected in the early stages of prenatal development; as early as the 7th week of intrauterine development (IUD) in the intestines, 5th week of IUD in the liver and 6th week of IUD in the kidney. We found age-dependent changes in the PPAR? expression pattern in the intestines and kidney. These events occur approximately at the commencement of function of these organs. In the intestines, we detected an obvious change of the PPAR? expression pattern along the crypt-villous axis in the 11th week of IUD. In the kidney, the most apparent change was increased expression of PPAR? in glomeruli in the 12th week of IUD. Moreover, in the liver, we detected a strong positivity in part of the developing blood elements. Information about the spatio-temporal expression pattern of PPAR? could be the first step in evaluating the potential harmful impact of a wide range of environmental or pharmaceutical compounds which serve as PPAR? ligands on the developing human organism. PMID:25225039
The Relationship between Prenatal Care, Personal Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Abuse in the Home Environment
Grekin, Emily R.; Ondersma, Steven J.
Aims: Nearly one-fourth of African-American women receive no prenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. The aim of the current study is to identify factors that underlie inadequate prenatal care among African-American women. Maternal alcohol abuse has been examined as one risk factor for inadequate prenatal care, but findings have been…
Are prenatal psychological or physical stressors associated with suboptimal outcomes in neonates born to adolescent mothers?
Keenan, Kate; Sheffield, Rebecca; Boeldt, Debra
Examined whether prenatal psychological stress and/or physical stress were associated with suboptimal neonatal outcomes in a pilot study of adolescent mothers (n = 20). The results provide preliminary support for associations between prenatal psychological stress and little evidence for the association between prenatal physical stress and suboptimal neonatal outcomes.
La exposición prenatal a andrógenos como factor de reprogramación fetal Prenatal exposure to androgens as a factor of fetal programming
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Sergio E. Recabarren
Full Text Available Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest a relationship between the prenatal environment and the risk of developing diseases during adulthood. The first observations about this relationship showed that prenatal growth retardation or stress conditions during fetal life were associated to cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases in later life. However, not only those conditions may have lasting effects after birth. Growing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to steroids (either of fetal or maternal origin could be another source of prenatal programming with detrimental consequences during adulthood. We have recently demonstrated that pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit elevated androgen levels compared to normal pregnant women, which could provide an androgen excess for both female or male fetuses. We have further tested this hypothesis in an animal model of prenatal androgenization, finding that females born from androgenized mothers have a low birth weight and high insulin resistance, that starts at an early age. On the other hand, males have low testosterone and LH secretion in response to a GnRH analogue test compared to control males and alterations in seminal parameters. We therefore propose that our efforts should be directed to modify the hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment to reduce the potential development of reproductive and metabolic diseases during adulthood
La exposición prenatal a andrógenos como factor de reprogramación fetal / Prenatal exposure to androgens as a factor of fetal programming
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Sergio E., Recabarren; Teresa, Sir-Petermann; Manuel, Maliqueo; Alejandro, Lobos; Pedro, Rojas-García.
Full Text Available SciELO Chile | Language: Spanish Abstract in spanish [...] Abstract in english Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest a relationship between the prenatal environment and the risk of developing diseases during adulthood. The first observations about this relationship showed that prenatal growth retardation or stress conditions during fetal life were associated to ca [...] rdiovascular, metabolic and other diseases in later life. However, not only those conditions may have lasting effects after birth. Growing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to steroids (either of fetal or maternal origin) could be another source of prenatal programming with detrimental consequences during adulthood. We have recently demonstrated that pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit elevated androgen levels compared to normal pregnant women, which could provide an androgen excess for both female or male fetuses. We have further tested this hypothesis in an animal model of prenatal androgenization, finding that females born from androgenized mothers have a low birth weight and high insulin resistance, that starts at an early age. On the other hand, males have low testosterone and LH secretion in response to a GnRH analogue test compared to control males and alterations in seminal parameters. We therefore propose that our efforts should be directed to modify the hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment to reduce the potential development of reproductive and metabolic diseases during adulthood
Transient hydrops fetalis in a prenatally diagnosed pentasomy?X?
Aytac, Pinar Caglar; Tarim, Ebru; Sahin, Feride I
Numerical abnormalities of sex chromosomes are seen approximately 1 in 400 live births. Pentasomy?X is a very rare chromosomal abnormality and it is defined as presence of five X chromosomes instead of two. Prenatal sonographic features have rarely been described in the literature before. Here we present a non-immune fetal hydrops diagnosed during the 17th week of gestation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed subcutaneous edema, pleural effusion and ascites, and also clinodactyly of the fifth fingers of both hands. The fetal karyotype was assessed as 49,XXXXX (pentasomy?X) in two different culture flasks. Hydropic signs regressed at 21?weeks' gestation. Prenatal diagnosis may not be possible usually for this rare chromosomal abnormality. Every anomaly detected prenatally, such as transient hydrops, may help us to diagnose pentasomy?X. PMID:22612635
Prenatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection increases the risk of preeclampsia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Haggerty, Catherine L; Klebanoff, Mark A
The relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and preeclampsia was examined longitudinally among 205 cases and 423 normotensive controls nested within the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Antibodies were analyzed at a first prenatal visit (mean 14.2 weeks) and at delivery. Prenatal infections were identified as IgG/IgM seroconversion or a four-fold rise in IgG antibody titers. Although serological evidence of incident prenatal CT infection was uncommon (n=9, 1.4%) in this general pregnant population, infected women were more likely to develop preeclampsia, after adjustment for maternal age, body mass index, smoking status, race and time between blood draws (ORadj 7.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 39.7).
Prenatal radiation exposure. Conclusions in the light of radiology
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Within 6 years of the appearance of the guideline for action to be taken by doctors in the event of prenatal exposure to radiation, intended as a proposal for discussion, the following has turned out: in no case has termination of pregnancy become necessary following prenatal radiation exposure, prenatal radiation exposure was always low (about 20 mSv), there is no risk below respective threshold doses, teratogenesis is a non-stochastic process, which is why risk assessment was modified, the sensitivity of the human fetus to radiation is highest during the period of neuroblast development (9th to 16th week p.c.), and knowledge about an existing pregnancy can be taken for granted by that time, so radiation exposure is calculable and can be restricted to negligible quantities. (TRV)
Physician liability and non-invasive prenatal testing.
Toews, Maeghan; Caulfield, Timothy
Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) marks a notable development in the field of prenatal genetic testing, there are some physician liability considerations raised by this technology. As NIPT is still emerging as the standard of care and is just starting to receive provincial funding, the question arises of whether physicians are obligated to disclose the availability of NIPT to eligible patients as part of the physician-patient discussion about prenatal screening and diagnosis. If NIPT is discussed with patients, it is important to disclose the limitations of this technology with respect to its accuracy and the number of disorders that it can detect when compared with invasive diagnostic options. A failure to sufficiently disclose these limitations could leave patients with false assurances about the health of their fetuses and could raise informed consent and liability issues, particularly if a child is born with a disability as a result. PMID:25375305
Prenatal micronutrient supplements cumulatively increase fetal growth.
Roberfroid, Dominique; Huybregts, Lieven; Lanou, Hermann; Habicht, Jean-Pierre; Henry, Marie-Claire; Meda, Nicolas; Kolsteren, Patrick
Prenatal multiple micronutrients (UNIMMAP) improve fetal growth only moderately compared to iron and folic acid alone (IFA). Whether this is due to insufficient amounts of UNIMMAP or to IFA being in reality an active control is unknown. We assessed the association between cumulative micronutrient intake (CMI) and fetal growth by secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso where tablet intake was directly observed. We applied 2-part residual regression models adjusted for main confounders. Among the 1056 single pregnancies included, the mean CMI (± SD) was 124 ± 54 tablets. The odds of delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby was reduced by 21% [(95%CI: 5, 35); P = 0.013] for each additional tertile of CMI. The association between CMI and birth weight was positively modified by gestational age at enrollment (P-interaction = 0.001). Each unit of CMI was associated with a 1.6-g [(95%CI: 0.3, 3.1); P = 0.019] higher birth weight at a mean-centered gestational age at enrollment, with a higher gradient observed later in pregnancy. Maternal BMI at enrollment was also a positive modifying factor (P-interaction = 0.02), with no association of CMI with birth weight for low BMI. There was no evidence of an effect modification by group allocation; i.e., we observed the same change in birth weight per unit of CMI with either IFA or UNIMMAP. Yet UNIMMAP increased birth weight by 69 g [(95%CI: 58, 81); P < 0.001] relative to IFA. We found similar results for thoracic and cephalic circumferences. In conclusion, for both IFA and UNIMMAP, the effect on fetal growth is cumulative. The supplementation should therefore begin as early as possible in pregnancy, even if the growth increment per CMI is higher in late than in early pregnancy. Women with a low BMI should also receive extra energy. PMID:22298571
Prenatal development of central rhythm generation.
Champagnat, Jean; Morin-Surun, Marie-Pierre; Bouvier, Julien; Thoby-Brisson, Muriel; Fortin, Gilles
Foetal breathing in mice results from prenatal activity of the two coupled hindbrain oscillators considered to be responsible for respiratory rhythm generation after birth: the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is active shortly before the onset of foetal breathing; the parafacial respiratory group (e-pF in embryo) starts activity one day earlier. Transcription factors have been identified that are essential to specify neural progenitors and lineages forming each of these oscillators during early development of the neural tube: Hoxa1, Egr2 (Krox20), Phox2b, Lbx1 and Atoh1 for the e-pF; Dbx1 and Evx1 for the preBötC which eventually grow contralateral axons requiring expression of Robo3. Inactivation of the genes encoding these factors leads to mis-specification of these neurons and distinct breathing abnormalities: apneic patterns and loss of central chemosensitivity for the e-pF (central congenital hypoventilation syndrome, CCHS, in humans), complete loss of breathing for the preBötC, right-left desynchronized breathing in Robo3 mutants. Mutations affecting development in more rostral (pontine) respiratory territories change the shape of the inspiratory drive without affecting the rhythm. Other (primordial) embryonic oscillators start in the mouse three days before the e-pF, to generate low frequency (LF) rhythms that are probably required for activity-dependent development of neurones at embryonic stages; in the foetus, however, they are actively silenced to avoid detrimental interaction with the on-going respiratory rhythm. Altogether, these observations provide a strong support to the previously proposed hypothesis that the functional organization of the respiratory generator is specified at early stages of development and is dual in nature, comprising two serially non-homologous oscillators. PMID:21527363
Teaching Culture in a North American Context: Mother's Day/Father's Day.
Mollica, Anthony; Sterling, Tania
Presents activities for teaching students about Mother's Day and Father's Day. Includes a fictional interview with Anna Jarvis, who helped start the Mother's Day holiday in the early 20th century. (MDM)
Parenting Practices of Resident Fathers: The Role of Marital and Biological Ties.
Berger, Lawrence M; Carlson, Marcia J; Bzostek, Sharon H; Osborne, Cynthia
This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,098) to examine differences in the parenting practices of four types of resident fathers, defined by their biological relationship to a focal child and their marital status with regard to the focal child's mother. Regression results suggest that biological and social (i.e., stepfathers or mothers' cohabiting partners) fathers differ significantly, and in some unexpected ways, on most measures of parenting. However, a considerable portion of these differences can be explained by variation in the background characteristics of the individuals and families in each group. Additionally, difference-in-difference analyses reveal a stronger link between marriage and higher quality parenting practices among social fathers than among biological fathers. PMID:21909158
Social Support for Divorced Fathers' Parenting: Testing a Stress-Buffering Model.
Degarmo, David S; Patras, Joshua; Eap, Sopagna
A stress-buffering hypothesis for parenting was tested in a county-representative sample of 218 divorced fathers. Social support for parenting (emergency and nonemergency child care, practical support, financial support) was hypothesized to moderate effects of stress (role overload, coparental conflict, and daily hassles) on fathers' quality parenting. No custody fathers relied more on relatives compared with custodial fathers, who relied more on new partners for parenting support. No differences by custody status were found on levels of support or parenting over time. Parenting support buffered effects of change in role overload and coparenting conflict on coercive parenting and buffered effects of change in daily hassles on prosocial parenting. Buffer effects were more predictive over time. Implications for practice and preventive intervention strategies are discussed. PMID:19177181
Identification with the Father and Sex-role Development of the Daughter
Heilbrun, Alfred B., Jr.
The paradoxicalfeminine qualities of daughters identified with masculine fathers are difficult to explain within a modeling theory of identification. This paper discusses three hypotheses which might help explain the paradox and presents evidence in support of each. (Author)
[The Dodarts- father and son- physicians to the king].
Peumery, J J
Denis Dodart, barrister grandson, was born in Paris in 1634 and practiced especially botanical studies. He taught pharmacy and was, at first, the Duchesse de Longueville's own Doctor and, then, of the Princesse de Conti before acceeding to the rank of Conseiller-médecin to Louis XIV. In 1673, he was accepted as a member of the Academie Royale des Sciences (as botanist). In 1698, he became medical doctor to the Court retinue and Madame de Maintenon chose him for giving cares to Saint-Cyr schoolgirls. He died november the 5th 1707 and buried in Saint Germain l'Auxerrois Church, in Paris. His son : Claude Jean-Baptiste, born in 1664, was admitted Doctor to the Faculté de médecine of Paris in 1688 ; soon patronized by the Princesse de Conti he obtained the same appointment of Saint-Cyr School's Doctor than his father. Then, in 1693, he got also the same appointment to the Court retinue. In 1701, the Duc d'Orleans took him as "Principal Docteur". He proceeded with that title to the young Duc de Bretagne's suite and, further, to the Duc de Bourgogne. He became Louis XV's "Principal Docteur" on April the 6th, 1718 ; he died, November the 25th 1730, in Paris. PMID:11625633
Yoshio Nishina father of modern physics in Japan
Kim, Dong-Won
Yoshio Nishina not only made a great contribution to the emergence of a research network that produced two Nobel prize winners, but he also raised the overall level of physics in Japan. Focusing on his roles as researcher, teacher, and statesman of science, Yoshio Nishina: Father of Modern Physics in Japan analyzes Nishina''s position in and his contributions to the Japanese physics community.After a concise biographical introduction, the book examines Nishina''s family, his early studies, the creation of RIKEN, and the greater Japanese physics community in the early twentieth century. It then focuses on Nishina''s work at the Cavendish Laboratory and at the University of Göttingen as well as his more fruitful research at Niels Bohr''s Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. The book also describes the establishment of the Nishina Laboratory at RIKEN, the collaboration between its experimentalists and theoreticians, and the cosmic ray research of its scientists. The last two chapters discuss Nishina'...
Difficulties with Prenatal Diagnosis of the Walker-Warburg Syndrome
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We describe a postnatally diagnosed case of Walker-Warburg syndrome - a form of congenital muscular dystrophy with lissencephaly and eye abnormalities. We reviewed the literature to highlight its clinico-radiological diagnostic features and discuss the difficulties encountered with prenatal diagnosis, especially in cases with no positive family history. An increased awareness of this rare but lethal condition, and a high index of suspicion during routine antenatal ultrasound, could prompt further advanced fetal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and aid in timely prenatal diagnosis, management, and counseling. Brain/brainstem, congenital, magnetic resonance imaging, obstetrics, pediatrics, ultrasound
Effects of prenatal irradiation on mammalian development: animal studies
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Intrauterine development of mammals is highly sensitive to the injurious effects of ionizing radiations. The main bulk of information on the prenatal effects of radiation come from studies on rodents. A number of effects like prenatal and postnatal mortality, stunting of growth, severe organ malformations and functional disorders in adult, have been reported. The type of effect and its severity will depend on the gestational age at exposure and the dose of radiation. The literature on the important experimental findings of the developmental effects of in utero irradiation is reviewed. (author)
Altered cortical thickness following prenatal sodium valproate exposure.
Wood, Amanda G; Chen, Jian; Barton, Sarah; Nadebaum, Caroline; Anderson, Vicki A; Catroppa, Cathy; Reutens, David C; O'Brien, Terence J; Vajda, Frank
Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate (VPA) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Cortical thickness was measured in 16 children exposed prenatally to VPA and 16 controls. We found increased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; BA45) and left pericalcarine sulcus (BA18) thickness, an association between VPA dose and right IFG thickness, and a close relationship between verbal skills and left IFG thickness. A significant interaction between group and hemispheric IFG thickness showed absence of the normal asymmetry in the IFG region of VPA-exposed children. These data provide preliminary insights into the putative neural basis of difficulties experienced by some VPA-exposed children. PMID:25356420
Práticas educativas de pais e măes de crianças aos 18 meses de idade Mothers' and fathers' educative practices with their 18-month-old children
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Cesar Augusto Piccinini
Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou eventuais diferenças nas práticas educativas de măes e pais de crianças de 18 meses de idade. Participaram 34 famílias de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos que tinham um único filho(a. As măes e os pais responderam separadamente a uma entrevista sobre práticas educativas envolvendo seis situaçőes do dia-a-dia da criança. Análise de conteúdo revelou uma predominância de práticas indutivas relatadas tanto pelas măes como pelos pais, seguidas de práticas coercitivas e de năo-interferęncia. Contudo, năo houve diferença significativa entre as práticas mencionadas pelas măes e pais, nem entre os diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, em nenhuma das categorias examinadas. Os resultados săo discutidos considerando-se as repercussőes do surgimento da assertividade e da fase inicial do desenvolvimento da linguagem em que se encontravam as crianças sobre as práticas educativas parentais.The present study investigated eventual differences in educative practices of mothers and fathers of 18-month-old children. Thirty-four families of different socioeconomic levels who had only one child took part in the study. The mothers and fathers answered separately an interview on educative practices involving six daily situations of the child. The content analysis revealed a predominance of inductive practices reported both by mothers and fathers, followed by coercitive and non-interference practices. However, no significant differences were found between the practices mentioned by mothers and fathers, or between the different socioeconomic levels in none of the examined categories. The results are discussed taking into consideration the repercussions of the appearance of assertiveness and of the initial phase of language development of the children on parental educative practices.
Intra-household Allocation of Resources: Inferences from Non-resident Fathers' Child Support Payments
Prof John Ermisch; Chiara Pronzato
A large proportion of divorced and separated fathers form new partnerships. The new partner's preferences are not likely to put much weight on expenditures on the man's children from his previous union. Thus, his own and his partner's income would have different impacts on his child support payments if partners' relative incomes affect bargaining power in household decisions. This paper exploits within-father variation in the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2003) to estimate the impacts ...
Parenting Practices of Resident Fathers: The Role of Marital and Biological Ties*
Berger, Lawrence M.; Carlson, Marcia J.; Bzostek, Sharon H.; Osborne, Cynthia
This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,098) to examine differences in the parenting practices of four types of resident fathers, defined by their biological relationship to a focal child and their marital status with regard to the focal child's mother. Regression results suggest that biological and social (i.e., stepfathers or mothers' cohabiting partners) fathers differ significantly, and in some unexpected ways, on most measures of parenting. How...
Constructing Masculinity: De Utero Patris (from the Womb of the Father)
Collins, Paul M.
This paper investigates possible (re-)constructions of masculinity in relation to feminist re-conceptualization of the Father–Son relationship in the classic formulation of the doctrine of the Trinity. I will draw upon the work of Diana Neal who proposed a feminist reading of the relationality of father and son, building on the Council of Toledo's reference to de utero Patris. This leads to a deconstruction of the binary definition of masculinity with divinity and femaleness with material...
What difference can fathers make?Early paternal absence comprises Peruvian children's growth
Dearden, Kirk; Crookston, Benjamin; Madanat, Hala; West, Joshua; Penny, Mary; Cueto, Santiago
Considerable evidence suggests that fathers' absence from the home has a negative short and long-term impact on children's health, psychosocial development, cognition, and educational experience. We assessed the impact of father presence during infancy and childhood on children's height-for-age z-score (HAZ) when five years old. We conducted secondary data analysis from a 15-year cohort study (Young Lives) focusing on one of four Young Lives countries (Peru, n = 1,821). When compared to chi...
Fathers' childcare and parental leave policies: Evidence from Western European Countries and Canada
Reich, Nora; Boll, Christina; Leppin, Julian Sebastian
The study at hand pursues the following question: How are national parental leave arrangements related to fathers' participation in and time used for childcare? To answer this question, we merge data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) with national parental leave characteristics. Specifically, we are using 30 surveys from eight industrialised countries from 1971 to 2005. Applying a selection model, we are estimating fathers' participation in childcare and the minutes per day spent o...
Temperament in middle childhood: A behavioral genetic analysis of fathers' and mothers' reports
Mullineaux, Paula Y.; Deater-deckard, Kirby; Petrill, Stephen A.; Thompson, Lee A.; Dethorne, Laura S.
The genetic and environmental sources of variance in mothers' and fathers' ratings of child temperament in middle childhood were estimated and compared. Parents of 88 MZ twin pairs and 109 same-sex DZ twin pairs completed a temperament questionnaire. For Effortful Control, significant genetic and environmental effects were indicated across mothers' and fathers' ratings, but parent differences were found for the Negative Affectivity factor. When present, sibling contrast effects were n...
'The Child is Father of the Man:' Implications for the Demographic Transition
Licandro, Omar; Croix, David La
We propose a new theory of the demographic transition based on the evidence that body development during childhood is an important factor for life expectancy. The key and novel mechanism of the model is that parents face a tradeoff between the quantity of children and the childhood development spending they afford on each of them. It is in this sense that we refer to Wordsworth's aphorism that "The (Father of) Child is the Father of Man." This tradeoff makes life expectan...
Neural Responses to Infants linked with Behavioral Interactions and Testosterone in Fathers
Kuo, Patty X.; Carp, Joshua; Light, Kathleen C.; Grewen, Karen M.
Few fMRI studies have investigated the brain-behavioral basis of parenting in human fathers. Ten fathers were videotaped and gave salivary testosterone samples while interacting with their 2–4 month old infants, and viewed video clips of their own infant and an unfamiliar age-, ethnicity- and sex-matched other infant during an fMRI protocol. Infant stimuli activated a network of prefrontal and subcortical brain regions. Furthermore, a subset of these regions activated significantly more to ...
Unique Contributions of Fathering to Emerging Self Regulation in Low-Income Ethnic Minority Preschoolers
Owen, Margaret Tresch; Caughy, Margaret O'brien; Hurst, Jamie R.; Amos, Melissa; Hasanizadeh, Nazly; Mata-otero, Ana-maria
Self regulation ability is an important component of school readiness and predictor of academic success, but few studies of self regulation examine contributions of fathering to the emergence of self regulation in low-income ethnic minority preschoolers. Associations were examined between parental child-oriented parenting support and preschoolers' emerging self regulation abilities in 224 low-income African American (n=86) and Latino (n=138) children observed at age 30 months in father-chil...
Environmental pollutants and lifestyle factors induce oxidative stress and poor prenatal development.
Al-Gubory, Kaďs H
Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to a mixture of environmental pollutants has become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, mainly tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and medical drug abuse, are major factors that adversely influence prenatal development and increase susceptibility of offspring to diseases. There is evidence to suggest that the developmental toxicological mechanisms of chemicals and lifestyle factors involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative damage. Overproduction of ROS induces oxidative stress, a state where increased ROS generation overwhelms antioxidant protection and subsequently leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules. Data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the mechanism of developmental toxicity following exposure to environmental pollutants are reviewed in an attempt to provide an updated basis for future studies on the toxic effect of such pollutants, particularly the notion of increased risk for developmental toxicity due to combined and cumulative exposure to various environmental pollutants. The aims of such studies are to better understand the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants adversely affect conceptus development and to elucidate the impact of cumulative exposures to multiple pollutants on post-natal development and health outcomes. Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to mixture of environmental pollutants has become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, mainly tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and medical drug abuse, are major factors that adversely influence prenatal development and increase the susceptibility of offspring to development complications and diseases. There is evidence to suggest that the developmental toxicological mechanisms of human-made chemicals and unhealthy lifestyle factors involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative damage. Overproduction of ROS induces oxidative stress, a state where increased generation of ROS overwhelms antioxidant protection and subsequently leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules. Exposure to various environmental pollutants induces synergic and cumulative dose-additive adverse effects on prenatal development, pregnancy outcomes and neonate health. Data from the literature on the involvement of oxidative stress in the mechanism of developmental toxicity following in vivo exposure to environmental pollutants will be reviewed in an attempt to provide an updated basis for future studies on the toxic effect of such pollutants, particularly the notion of increased risk for developmental toxicity due to combined and cumulative exposure to various environmental pollutants. The aims of such studies are to better understand the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants adversely affect conceptus development and to elucidate the impact of cumulative exposures to multiple pollutants on postnatal development and health outcomes. PMID:24813750
Prediction, prevention and personalisation of medication for the prenatal period: genetic prenatal tests for both rare and common diseases.
Dundar, Munis; Uzak, Asli Subasioglu; Erdogan, Murat; Akbarova, Yagut
Genetic testing usually helps physicians to determine possible genetic diseases in unborn babies, genetic disorders of patients and the carriers who might pass the mutant gene on to their children. They are performed on blood, tissues or other body fluids. In recent years, the screening tests and diagnostic tests have improved quickly and, as a result, the risks of pregnancy can be determined more commonly and physicians can diagnose several genetic disorders in the prenatal period. Detecting the abnormalities in utero enables correct management of the pregnancy, prenatal and postnatal medical care, and it is also important for making well informed decisions about continuing or terminating a pregnancy. Besides the improvements of conventional invasive diagnostic tests, the discovery of circulating cell-free foetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma has developed a new point of view for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis recently. PMID:23199148
Strong, safe, and secure: negotiating early fathering and military service across the deployment cycle.
Dayton, Carolyn Joy; Walsh, Tova B; Muzik, Maria; Erwin, Michael; Rosenblum, Katherine L
Military fathers of young children often endure repeated separations from their children, and these may disrupt the early parent-child relationship. Postdeployment reunification also poses challenges; disruptions that have occurred must often be repaired in the context of heightened emotions on the part of each family member at a time when fathers are themselves readjusting to the routines and responsibilities of family life. The current study employed qualitative research with the central aim of informing a richer understanding of these experiences. Interviews were conducted with 14 military fathers of young children who had experienced separation from their families during deployment. Narratives were coded using principles of grounded theory, and common parenting themes were extracted. Fathers shared their hopes that their young children would develop qualities of strength, confidence, and self-sufficiency. They also discussed difficulty in supporting the development of these qualities in their young children due to problems dealing with the negative emotions and difficult behaviors that their children exhibited. Reliance on their parenting partner was commonly cited as an effective strategy as fathers transitioned back to family life. Implications for intervention programs include the provision of parenting and self-care skills and inclusion of the father's parenting partner in the intervention. PMID:25798500
Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis.
Beijers, Roseriet; Buitelaar, Jan K; de Weerth, Carolina
Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that maternal psychosocial stress and anxiety during pregnancy adversely affect child outcomes. However, knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying these relations is limited. In the present paper, we review the most often proposed mechanism, namely that involving the HPA axis and cortisol, as well as other less well-studied but possibly relevant and complementary mechanisms. We present evidence for a role of the following mechanisms: compromised placental functioning, including the 11?-HSD2 enzyme, increased catecholamines, compromised maternal immune system and intestinal microbiota, and altered health behaviors including eating, sleep, and exercise. The roles of (epi)genetics, the postnatal environment and the fetus are also discussed. We conclude that maternal prenatal psychosocial stress is a complex phenomenon that affects maternal emotions, behavior and physiology in many ways, and may influence the physiology and functioning of the fetus through a network of different pathways. The review concludes with recommendations for future research that helps our understanding of the mechanisms by which maternal prenatal stress exerts its effect on the fetus. PMID:24875898
Partner profile of pregnant women who have obstetric prenatal high risk in a university hospital south of Brazil
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Gisele Perin Guimarăes
Full Text Available This study aimed to relate the social and obstetric risk factors presented by pregnant women who underwent high risk prenatal in a southern Brazil hospital unit. This is a quantitative research. The data collection was conducted from January to September 2012, where 12 high-risk pregnancies and nine companions with diversified social and obstetric conditions were seen. The analysis was by simple statistics. Pregnant women social profile results indicated that predominant age group was 31 to 40 years old; all had some degree of education; 84% Catholic; 75% of pregnant women were accompanied by someone of their choice during high risk prenatal care; and 50% of the choices were for her spouse; half of these pregnant women have a professional occupation. Obstetrics findings demonstrated that the majority of women were not planning on the pregnancy, only 17% started prenatal care in the first trimester, 42% had already presented risk in previous pregnancy, 58% of women were classified as high risk due to fetal abnormalities. Given these findings, it is clear that high-risk pregnancy as a period involving several factors, including social and obstetric that, when connected, can compromise the process of gestating for both the mother and the fetus.
Resultados en el diagnóstico prenatal citogenético en Pinar del Río / Results of the Prenatal Cytogenetic Diagnosis in Pinar del Río
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Irenia, Blanco Pérez; María del Carmen, Mitjáns Torres; Sahily, Mińoso Pérez; Caridad, Barroso Gázquez; Ada, Socarrás Gámez.
Full Text Available Introducción: el Diagnóstico Prenatal Citogenético utilizando las células del líquido amniótico, constituye, la principal modalidad en Cuba para realizar los estudios cromosómicos prenatales en aquellas embarazadas con riesgos de tener un nińo afectado. Ojetivo: describir las principales alteracione [...] s cromosómicas detectadas en el diagnostico prenatal citogenético en la Provincia de Pinar del Río a partir de enero del ańo 2007 hasta Diciembre del 2012. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en 2777 pacientes que fueron remitidos al Centro Provincial de Genética Médica para estudios prenatales. Los datos recopilados fueron: motivos de indicación, número y tipo de aberraciones cromosómicas detectadas y embarazadas con un diagnóstico prenatal de defectos congénitos que decidieron continuar el embarazo. Resultados: durante esta etapa se realizaron un total de 2777 estudios cromosómicos prenatales; el motivo de indicación que más prevaleció fue la avanzada edad materna (75.62 % del total de los casos). Se diagnosticaron un total de 43 fetos con anomalías cromosómicas, incluyendo 28 casos con aneuploidías, 12 con reordenamientos estructurales y 3 mosaicos cromosómicos. Conclusiones: se trabajó con los criterios técnicos y diagnósticos establecidos internacionalmente para este tipo de estudios, el por ciento de positividad fue de 1.54 y los resultados obtenidos fueron similares a los reportados por otros estudios. Abstract in english Introduction: the Cytogenetic Prenatal Diagnosis using amniotic liquid cells contitutes the main resource in Cuba to carry out cromosomal studies in pregnant women with risk of having an afected baby. Objective: to describe main chromosomal disorders detected in the cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis in [...] Pinar del Río Province from January 2007 to December 2012. Material and method: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out of 2,777 patients referred to the Province Center of Medical Genetics for prenatal studies. Compiled data were: referral causes, number and types of detected chromosomal disorders, and pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations, who decided for complete gestation. Results: during that period a sheer number of 2,777 prenatal chromosomal studies were carried out. The prevalent referral cause was advanced maternal age (75.62% of all cases). A total of 43 fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, including 28 cases with aneuploidies, 12 with structural reorderings and 3 chromosomal mosaics. Conclusions: the work was done under diagnostical and technical internationally established criteria for these types of studies, the positiveness percentage was 1.54 and the results obtained were similar to those reported by other studies.
Teacher and Family Working Together, the Case of a Father and his Autistic Son: An Action Research Experience
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María del Rocío Rodríguez-Roblero
Full Text Available This paper describes the action research process experienced with a family over one year and shows the work done by the father, the teacher and an autistic child. The question proposed was: How do parents and the teacher work together to have a positive impact on the humanizing educational process of an autistic child? The paper presents the reflections emerging from this experience, as well as the uncertainty and anxiety of a teacher who does not know where to start working with the family. The action research model was the means to work and find spaces to jointly search for an answer. Playing was the instrument used to mediate in these spaces between the teacher, the parent and the child. The analysis of the observations shows that joint learning is brought about in each session. This research project evidenced the importance of family involvement in educational environments, not merely as recipients but as participants in the process.
OLFML3 Expression is Decreased during Prenatal Muscle Development and Regulated by MicroRNA-155 in Pigs
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Shuanping Zhao, Jing Zhang, Xinhua Hou, Linsen Zan, Ning Wang, Zhonglin Tang, Kui Li
Full Text Available The Olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3 gene has matrix-related function involved in embryonic development. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155, 21- to 23-nucleotides (nt noncoding RNA, regulated myogenesis by target mRNA. Our LongSAGE analysis suggested that OLFML3 gene was differently expressed during muscle development in pig. In this study, we cloned the porcine OLFML3 gene and detected its tissues distribution in adult Tongcheng pigs and dynamical expression in developmental skeletal muscle (12 prenatal and 10 postnatal stages from Landrace (lean-type and Tongcheng (obese-type pigs. Subsequently, we analyzed the interaction between OLFML3 and miR-155. The OLFML3 was abundantly expressed in liver and pancreas, moderately in lung, small intestine and placenta, and weakly in other tissues and postnatal muscle. There were different dynamical expression patterns between Landrace and Tongcheng pigs during prenatal skeletal muscle development. The OLFML3 was down-regulated (33-50 days post coitus, dpc, subsequently up-regulated (50-70 dpc, and then down-regulated (70-100 dpc in Landrace pigs, while in Tongcheng pigs, it was down-regulated (33-50 dpc, subsequently up-regulated (50-55 dpc and then down-regulated (55-100 dpc. There was higher expression in Tongcheng than Landrace in prenatal muscle from 33 to 60 dpc, and opposite situation from 65 to 100 dpc. Dual luciferase assay and real time PCR documented that OLFML3 expression was regulated by miR-155 at mRNA level. Our research indicated that OLFML3 gene may affect prenatal skeletal muscle development and was regulated by miR-155. These finding will help understanding biological function and expression regulation of OLFML3 gene in mammal animals.
An exploration of genetic counselors' needs and experiences with prenatal chromosomal microarray testing.
Bernhardt, Barbara A; Kellom, Katherine; Barbarese, Alexandra; Faucett, W Andrew; Wapner, Ronald J
Because of the higher yield over traditional chromosomal analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is being used increasingly in prenatal diagnosis. Unfortunately, the clinical implication of many copy number variants found on prenatal CMA is uncertain, complicating genetic counseling. Recognizing that uncertain results will be encountered frequently as more of the genome is assayed prenatally, we set out to understand the experiences and needs of genetic counselors when counseling patients about uncertain prenatal microarray results, their comfort with various aspects of prenatal genetic counseling, and their interest in additional education and training about prenatal microarray testing. We first interviewed 10 genetic counselors about their experiences of providing pre- and post-test genetic counseling about prenatal CMA. Based on the findings from the counselor interviews, we developed items for a survey to assess the prevalence of genetic counselors' attitudes towards, experience and comfort with, and educational needs regarding prenatal CMA. Based on surveys completed by 193 prenatal genetic counselors, we found that when there is an uncertain CMA result, only 59% would be comfortable providing genetic counseling and only 43% would be comfortable helping a patient make a decision about pregnancy termination. Being less comfortable was associated with seeing fewer patients having prenatal CMA testing. Respondents expressed a high degree of interest in additional education about prenatal CMA and counseling about uncertain results. Further genetic counselor education and training aimed at improving counselors' personal comfort with uncertain results and communicating about them with patients is needed. PMID:24569858
Current issues and perspectives in prenatal nutrition
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Morrison JC
Full Text Available John C Morrison1, John Elliott2, Robert A Knuppel3, Baha Sibai4, Michael W Pill51Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; 2Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Women's Hospital, Laguna Hills, CA, USA; 3DuBois Regional Medical Center, DuBois, PA, USA; 4University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 5Gemini Healthcare, Westbrook, CT, USAAbstract: The typical American diet, characterized by energy-dense foods rich in starches, sugars, and saturated fats, and low in fruits and vegetables, is relatively unhealthy and is associated with nutritional deficiencies. Suboptimal diets for pregnant women have been associated with serious maternal medical complications (eg, iron deficiency anemia, high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, and morning sickness, as well as an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction, birth defects, developmental delays after birth, and future chronic health problems, (eg, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol during childhood, as well as later in life. Folic acid deficiency is one of the most common problems among pregnant women, and supplementation with folic acid during pregnancy has been reported to decrease the occurrence and recurrence of fetal neural tube defects. Folate supplementation beginning preconception, along with a multivitamin, at least 12 weeks prior to conception is recommended to achieve maximal risk reduction. The reported benefits of supplementing docosahexaenoic acid, an unsaturated omega-3 essential fatty acid, during pregnancy include promoting proper neurodevelopment in fetuses and infants that extends into childhood. Pregnancy is also associated with an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between oxygen free radicals and the essential antioxidants that maintain homeostasis. Associated complications include preeclampsia, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth restriction. There is not enough evidence to support routine use of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E during pregnancy, but coenzyme Q10 and lycopene are additional antioxidants under study and are yielding promising results by decreasing the occurrence of maternal complications.Keywords: prenatal nutrition, oxidative stress, coenzyme Q10, lycopene
Consistent individual differences in fathering in threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
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Laura R. STEIN, Alison M. BELL
Full Text Available There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with conspecifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males experienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dramatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch: for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. Despite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be explained by differences in body size or egg mass. Moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males reproduced for a second time. Males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 (1: 45–52, 2012].
Associations of prenatal exposure to phenols with birth outcomes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Many phenols are known to mimic or antagonize hormonal activities and may adversely affect fetal growth. A study of 567 pregnant women was conducted to investigate the relationship between prenatal phenol exposure and birth outcomes, including birth weight, length, and gestational age. We measured the concentrations of bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, 4-n-octylphenol and 4-n-nonylphenol in maternal urine and examine their association with birth outcomes. Categories of urinary benzophenone-3 concentration were associated with decreased gestational age in all infants (p for trend = 0.03). Between middle and low exposure groups, we also found bisphenol A was negatively associated with gestational duration (?adjusted = ?0.48 week; 95% confidence interval: ?0.91, ?0.05). After stratification by gender, we found the consistent results in infant boys with those in all infants, but we did not observe significant association for girls. In conclusion, we found prenatal phenol exposure was sex-specifically related to birth outcomes. -- Highlights: •We examined relationship of prenatal exposure to phenols with birth outcomes. •We determined urinary concentrations of various phenols. •BP-3 and BPA were negatively associated with gestational age. •There was sex-specific association between phenol exposure and birth outcomes. -- Prenatal phenol exposure was sex-specifically related to birth outcomes
"Functionally" Univentricular Hearts: Impact of Pre-Natal Diagnosis
Corno, Antonio Francesco
Within the last few decades the pre-natal echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart defects has made substantial progresses, particularly for the identification of complex malformation. "Functionally" univentricular hearts categorize a huge variety of heart malformations. Since no one of the patients with these congenital heart defects can ever undergo a bi-ventricular type of repair, early recognition and decision-making from the neonatal period are required in order to allow for appropriate multiple-step diagnostic and treatment procedures, either of interventional cardiology and/or surgery, on the pathway of "univentricular" heart. In the literature strong disagreements exist about the potential impact of the pre-natal diagnosis on the early and late outcomes of complex congenital heart defects. This review of the recent reports has been undertaken to better understand the impact of pre-natal diagnosis in "functionally" univentricular hearts taking into consideration the following topics: pre-natal screening, outcomes and survival, general morbidity, neurologic and developmental consequences, pregnancy management and delivery planning, resources utilization and costs/benefits issues, ethical implications, parents counseling, and interruption of pregnancy versus treatment.
Social play in juvenile rats prenatally exposed to alcohol.
Meyer, L S; Riley, E P
Offspring of rat dams that consumed isocaloric liquid diets containing either 35% or 0% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from gestation days 6-20 were tested for play-fighting behavior as juveniles. Offspring from a group of dams maintained on standard lab chow and water throughout gestation were also included. Animals were tested in pairs, with offspring from each of the three prenatal treatment conditions (35% EDC, 0% EDC, and lab chow) being paired with another same-sex animal from one of these three prenatal treatment groups. Although play-fighting in juveniles is normally sexually dimorphic, this normal pattern was absent in juveniles prenatally exposed to alcohol. Male alcohol-exposed offspring displayed feminized behavior while female alcohol-exposed offspring showed masculinized behavior. This reversal of the normal sexually dimorphic aspects of play suggests that some of the behavioral disturbances associated with prenatal alcohol exposure may result, in part, from an alcohol-induced disruption of the hormonal environment in which the fetus develops. PMID:3764769