text:
A composite with a thermoplastic matrix and fiber reinforcement is made by rotation of an exit die about a roving of continuous fiber in the presence of a thermoplastic melt. The rotation causes opposing inner and outer helical flow conditions which reduce the melt viscosity of the polymer by shear thinning while dragging and directing the polymer into the fiber roving thereby wetting and dispersing the fiber. A composite structure is formed with a polymer rich skin and a core region of unidirectionally aligned polymer and fiber. The polymeric skin is composed of helically aligned polymer chains which are coiled by the rotation around the core to compress the core region and enhance fiber wet out.
1. A fiber reinforced thermoplastic material comprising a core region including a plurality of unidirectionally aligned fibers which are substantially fully impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer and a skin region including the thermoplastic polymer which is substantially free of said fibers, the polymer chains in said core region being substantially aligned with said fibers and the polymer chains in said skin region being substantially helically arranged about said core region.
2. A material according to claim 1 wherein said fibers are formed of a material from the group consisting of glass, carbon, metal and organic polymer.
3. A material according to claim 1 wherein the fibers comprises between 5% to 80% by weight of the material.
4. A material according to claim 1 wherein said skin region comprises 20% to 80% of volume of said material.
5. A material according to claim 1 wherein said core region includes a fiber concentration of at least 48% by weight.
6. A material according to claim 1 which is in the form of a long fiber pellet or an elongate profile.
7. A method for producing a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material having a core region containing unidirectionally aligned fibers and a skin region substantially free of said fibers, the method comprising:
directing continuous filaments along a predetermined advancing path of travel into and through an impregnation chamber;
directing molten thermoplastic polymer material from an extruder into the impregnation chamber and into intimate contact with the advancing fiber for wetting and impregnating the filaments with the molten thermoplastic material; and
pulling the polymer impregnated filaments from the impregnation chamber through an exit die while imparting relative rotation between the exit die and the filaments therethrough, wherein said material produced contains polymer chains in said skin region being substantially helically arranged about said core region.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said step of directing the polymer into the impregnation chamber comprises directing the polymer through the impregnation chamber in opposing countercurrent direction to the advancing filaments and in intimate contact with the advancing filaments.
9. A method according to claim 8 further comprising the step of advancing the filaments downward through the chamber while directing the flow of thermoplastic material in an upward direction, counter-current to the advancing filaments.
10. A method according to claim 7 comprising the step of maintaining tension in the advancing filaments in the impregnation passageway as it contacts the molten thermoplastic.
11. A method according to claim 7 wherein the step of imparting relative rotation comprises rotating the exit die about the axis of the advancing filaments.
12. A method according to claim 7 wherein the step of imparting relative rotation comprises rotating the advancing polymer impregnated filaments at a location downstream of the exit die.
13. A method according to claim 7 wherein said exit die is provided with a conical entrance and a cylindrical exit.
14. A method according to claim 7 wherein the conical entrance of the exit die has a length to diameter ratio of 0.01 to 1000.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the length to diameter ratio is between 4.4 and 16.
16. A method according to claim 7 further comprising the step of engaging and turning the advancing filaments through a predetermined angle while in the impregnation chamber to squeeze the fiber and thermoplastic material together.
17. A method according to claim 7 wherein the exit die includes a restricted die opening of predetermined size for metering the molten polymer onto the polymer impregnated fiber, the predetermined size of the die opening being selected to provide a ratio of thermoplastic polymer to filaments in the range of about 0.25 to 1.0 to about 4.0 to 1.0.
18. A method according to claim 7 wherein the exit die rotates at a predetermined rotation speed and the fiber is advanced at a predetermined line speed, said predetermined rotation speed and line speed defining a pitch between 0.001 and 1,000.
19. A method according to claim 7 wherein the step of rotating the exit die includes rotating the exit die from 0.001 rpm to 10,000 rpm.
20. A method according to claim 7 further comprising twisting the polymer impregnated filaments after they exit the rotating exit die.
21. A solid fiber reinforced thermoplastic material comprising a core region including a plurality of fibers unidirectionally aligned along an axis and imbedded in a thermoplastic polymer compound, and a skin region comprising thermoplastic polymer, said skin region is substantially free of said aligned fibers, wherein said polymer in said skin region is oriented helically relative to said axis.
22. A material according to claim 21 wherein said fibers are formed from a material from the group consisting of glass, carbon, metal and fiber-grade thermoplastic polymer.
23. A material according to claim 22 wherein the amount of fibers relative to the polymer is in a ratio between 4% and 80% by weight.
24. A material according to claim 21 which is in the form of a pellet or elongated profile.
25. A process for using the fiber reinforced thermoplastic material of claim 1 to make an injection molding or to make a profile, comprising incorporating said material into said molding or profile.
This application is related to commonly owned copending provisional application Ser. No. 60/026,496 filed Sep. 19, 1996, and claims the benefit of its earlier filing date under 35 U.S.C. � 119(e).
This invention relates to composite materials formed by thermoplastic resins and reinforcing fibers. More particularly, this invention relates to such composite materials and the process to form such materials, where the thermoplastic and fiber components impart great strength and commercial utility to the composite compared with materials made previously to this invention.
The forming of composite materials using polymers and fibers has been known heretofore, and the processes, methods, apparatus, and products relating to such composites are disclosed in the patents of Montsinger (U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,775) and Cogswell (U.S. Pat. No. 4,541,884). The difficulties of wetting fiber with high viscosity thermoplastic resins are well understood. Montsinger in '775 discloses a method of counter current flow between polymer and continuous fiber roving to increase shear and lower viscosity of thermoplastic resin. Cogswell relies on low viscosity polymers.
The present invention produces high strength, composite materials with thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fiber. The thermoplastic polymer may have a high molecular weight resulting in a high viscosity. The fiber may be continuous rovings of glass, carbon, metal, and/or organic filaments. The commercial products of this invention may include long fiber reinforced thermoplastic compounds which are reformable and injection molding pellets. Injection molding pellets have a fiber length equal to the pellet length, generally about 0.5 inches, and also have a generally circular cross section with an aspect ratio (length/diameter) greater than 1. Another product of this invention is continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic profiles which have a constant shape such as a round rod and may be advantageously used in structural applications in place of metal because of the relative low weight and high strength.
The polymer and fiber composite materials are produced in a fiber melt impregnation process in which continuous filament fiber is contacted with molten polymer and extruded or pultruded through a die orifice. In such a process, the exit orifice size of the die usually determines the fiber loading of the composite. For example, increasing the exit area allows more polymer to pull through the die with a given fiber amount thereby lowering the fiber concentration. According to the present invention, relative rotation is imparted between the exit die and the advancing polymer impregnated fiber. The relative rotation can be achieved, for example, by rotating the exit die about the axis of the advancing fibers. This produces an unexpected increase in the fiber concentration and the benefit of improved strength of the composite compared to products made without rotation.
The exit die, preferably having a conical entrance and cylindrical exit, is rotated about the axially directed rovings of continuous fiber. Polymer melt is conveyed by pressure flow and/or fiber drag flow into the orifice chamber. The rotation of the conical chamber wall induces a conihelical flow path for the polymer due to viscous drag from wetting of the wall by the polymer in addition to the axial drag by the fiber. The polymer flow path becomes helical in the cylindrical region of the rotating orifice chamber. The difference in velocities and directions between the polymer and fiber moving in an axial direction and the polymer moving in a vortiginous, conihelical direction give rise to a dispersive and impregnative shear to wet out fiber with polymer. In addition the polymer chains are coiled around the reinforcing, axially directed fiber and bound polymer to create a normal stress effect of polymer backflow. The velocity distributions are represented in FIG. 1 as described in more detail below.
The present invention thus provides a method of producing a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material which comprises directing continuous filaments along a predetermined advancing path of travel into and through an impregnation chamber. Molten thermoplastic polymer material is injected from an extruder into the impregnation chamber and into intimate contact with the advancing filaments for wetting and impregnating the filaments with the thermoplastic material. The filaments are then pulled through the exit die from the exit end of the impregnation chamber while the exit die is rotated about the axis of the advancing filaments.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for producing a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material, the apparatus including an impregnation chamber having an entrance end and an exit end. The exit end includes an exit die having a die opening. Means are provided for directing continuous filaments along a predetermined advancing path of travel into and through the impregnation chamber so that the filaments enter through the entrance end and exit through the exit die. An extruder provides a supply of molten, thermoplastic polymer. Means is provided for directing the molten thermoplastic material from the extruder into the impregnation passageway and into intimate contact with the filaments. This promotes wetting and impregnation of the filaments with the molten thermoplastic polymer. Means are provided for rotating the exit die about the axis of the filaments.
A fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite produced with this process and apparatus has a unique structure with a core region and a skin region. The size of each region is related to the pulling speed and orifice rotation speed. The skin is composed only of polymer. Rotation of the orifice reduces the volume of polymer in the skin by contributing to the core region and normal stress polymer backflow. The core is composed of unidirectionally aligned fibers which are fully impregnated with the matrix thermoplastic polymer. The core polymer appears to be more crystalline than the skin polymer probably because of slower, internal cooling. The polymer chains in the core are aligned with the fiber by the fiber drag. The skin is oriented by the helical flow alignment of the polymer chains. Shear strength measurements of composite strands showed greater strength with increasing rotation speed at a given line speed and fiber concentration. Inner laminar shear strength of the composite was also improved.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1A-1D are graphical illustrations of the polymer drag flow when a composite material is formed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for producing a fiber reinforced composite according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the impregnating chamber of the apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternative embodiment of apparatus adapted for processing multiple fiber strands simultaneously;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a process in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view showing the passage of filaments through the exit die orifice;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged illustration of the gear mechanism for rotating the exit die according to an alternative embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of how the helix length is calculated;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional illustration of a composite material formed according to the present invention;
FIGS. 10 and 11 are photographs of a cross section of composite material under polarized light; and
FIGS. 12-14 are graphs showing the effect of die rotation and other factors on the properties of the composite material.
The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention should not, however, be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. The specific embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The process according to the present invention combines drag flow from the fiber pulling the polymer through the exit die with conihelical and helical drag flow due to the exit die rotation. Pressure flow may also exist due to exit die restriction creating back flow. The combination of opposing inner, forward and outer backward helical and conihelical flows servers to lower viscosity and to increase the wet out of fiber by the polymer.
In FIG. 1A, the axial drag flow z of polymer by the fiber is represented. The polymer flow velocity is highest at the fiber and diminishes out to the exit die wall (since the wall has no velocity in the z direction). In FIG. 1B the tangent flow created by the exit die rotation is shown. FIG. 1C shows the drag flow combined with the resulting normal stress back flow as the polymer is squeezed around the fiber. Finally, FIG. 1D shows the combined velocity distributions of the drag, tangent, and normal stress pressure flows that exist when the process is operating to produce the inner forward (+y,+z) and outer backward (+y, −z) helical and conihelical flows.
The apparatus according to the present invention incorporates some of the features of the apparatus according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,176,775 and 5,447,793, to Lawrence V. Montsinger, which are fully incorporated herein by reference. The apparatus, generally indicated at 10 in FIG. 2, has fiber supply means 11, preferably in the form of a creel mounting a plurality of packages of fiber material for supplying continuous filament fiber 12; advancing means for advancing the fiber 12 from the creel along a predetermined path of travel; a heater 13 disposed along the predetermined path of fiber travel for heating advancing fiber to a predetermined elevated temperature; an extruder 14 for supplying molten, heated thermoplastic material and an impregnation chamber 15 disposed along the predetermined path of fiber travel and connected to the extruder 14 for receiving a flow of molten heated thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material is directed through the impregnation chamber in a direction opposite to that of the advancing fiber so that it impregnates and surrounds the advancing heated fiber. Shear forces arising between the advancing heated fiber and the flow of thermoplastic material promote wetting of the fiber by and impregnation of the fiber by the thermoplastic material.
As best illustrated in FIG. 3, fibers 12 enter the upper end of the impregnation chamber 15 and are guided along a vertical impregnation passageway 20. As the fibers advance along their path, thermoplastic material from the extruder passes to the vertical impregnation passageway. The passageway 20 is arranged for downward passage of fibers 12 therethrough and for upward movement of thermoplastic material and is heated by appropriate means. The countermovement gives rise to shear forces between the advancing heated fiber and the directed flow of thermoplastic material which, in accordance with this invention, promote wetting of the fiber by an intimate impregnating enclosure of the fiber and the thermoplastic material. Additionally, the path along which the fiber 12 is guided within the impregnation column 20 is such as to cause the thermoplastic material entrained in downward movement to be squeezed between the fibers.
At the foot of the column 20, the continuous filament fibers 12 are passed about a single turning guider bar 21 which thereby requires that the fibers come to a single plane. The gradual converging of the fibers moving downwardly force the molten thermoplastic material into the space between the filaments and then squeezes the thermoplastic material into intimate contact with the fibers, assisting in assuring wetting of the fibers with the thermoplastic. Continuous fiber is pulled through an orifice in the form of an exit die 22 as a band, web, tow, or roving. The exit die 22 diameter regulates the amount of polymer that is pulled out of a die by the fiber. The exit die area controls the polymer to fiber ratio.
The exit die 22 is shown generally in FIG. 3 and is shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 and 7. As shown in FIG. 6, the exit die includes a conical entrance end 23 and a exit end 24 with a cylindrical bore. More specifically, the conical entrance 23 is frustoconical and tapers to meet the cylindrical exit 24 portion. The conical region 23 of the exit die 22 forms a vortiginous flow path due to drag by the exit die surface when the exit die is rotated. The conical region 23 may have a conihelical, heliconical, or helicoidal shape. The portion of the exit die 22 in which the diameter is constant forms a cylinder and creates a helical flow path when the exit die rotates. A right hand or left hand helix length is defined by the hypotenuse of the circumference and the lead (land length). Increasing the length of the cylindrical portion 24 simulates the effect of reducing line speed which reduces the pitch and improves the product in terms of wet out, shear strength, etc. The length/diameter ratio may be varied from 0.01 to 1000 and, preferably, from 4.4 to 10.6.
As to the conical portion 23 of the exit die 22, the tapered angle thereof may range from 0 to 90 degrees, preferably from 5 to 10 degrees. An angle within the range of 4 to 6 degrees has been found useful for certain applications. A smaller angle requires a longer taper length for the cone region. The total angle formed is generally two times the taper angle. Changing the taper angle changes the conihelical velocity relative to the linear velocity in the pulling direction. The conservation of angular momentum about a fixed axis requires a change in velocity which implies an acceleration constant. Velocity is another term for shear rate, therefore the taper offers a constant change in shear rate.
The surface energies of the exit die and polymer determine the amount of polymer drag (or friction flow) by the exit die rotation. A high coefficient of friction (rough surface) is desirable. A range from 0.1 to 1.0 is desired. Patterns may be cut into the exit die surface (such as a screw thread) which may influence the flow path of the polymer. Other methods to influence the polymer flow path and/or create turbulence to wet out fiber may include directional jets to inject polymer into a vortex.
Fiber may spread to a width greater than the exit die entrance or exit diameter due to the rotational drag. The spread is in multiple dimensions. As the fiber brushes against the exit die wall, opposition to the rotational drag may create a pressure gradient for polymer to penetrate the fiber bundle.
According to the illustrated embodiment, the exit die 22 rotates about the axis of the advancing fibers 12. The exit die is rotated by a suitable drive assembly, such as intermeshing gears 31, 32 and motor 33, as illustrated in FIG. 6. The positioning guide 21 directs the fibers 12 into the high shear peripheral zone of the exit die wall. The positioning guide 21 also prevents the fiber from twisting before wet out. However, some twisting after wet out may desirably squeeze polymer through the filaments to enhance wet out. Thus, according to an optional aspect of the invention, the polymer impregnated filaments may be rotated at a location downstream from the exit die 22 by a suitable device, such as by the canted puller belt system 16 as illustrated in FIG. 2, which includes a pair of drive belts 16 a, 16 b mounted at an angle to one another. Rotation of the filaments causes twist to back up into the die, thus imparting relative rotation between the advancing polymer impregnated filaments and the die surface. The die may be stationary in this instance or may be rotated in the same or opposite direction as the filaments.
Rotating the exit die around the fiber and also optionally rotating or twisting the fiber within the exit die changes the ratio of polymer to fiber. As the rotation increases, the fiber concentration increases. Rotational speeds may vary from 0 to 10,000 rpm, preferably less than 600 rpm. Rotation speed and line speed define a lead or pitch, measured as inches per min/rev. per min (inches/revolution). At 0 rpm the pitch is infinite. The pitch may be between 0 and infinity, preferably between 0.001 to 1,000.
When the exit die is rotated, the shear stress and the shear rate are increased. The shear develops two components from the axial and tangential forces. The shear rate increases through vector addition of the velocity and the rotational speed. The corresponding shear stress sees the pulling force of the fiber combined with the rotational force or torque. Viscosity is defined as the shear stress divided by the shear rate. For pseudoplastic polymers the viscosity is lower at higher shear rates due to shear thinning. A shear rate range between 1 and 100,000 sec−1 would cover most cases. The rotation of the die orients the polymer chains which wrap around and compress the core resin and fiber. This strangulating effect creates a normal stress which improves fiber wet out and increases the fiber concentration. Rotation of the fiber (strand) in a stationary exit die using canted puller belts may have a similar effect as exit die rotation.
By controlling the exit die temperature it is possible to allow for cooling of the composite to occur in the helical zone while still imparting shear by rotation to strain and further orient the skin polymer. As shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus may be equipped with multiple exit dies, each connected for rotation with intermeshing gears to allow for more strands to be produced. In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the exit die rotational direction alternates with each successive position. Clockwise and counterclockwise directions have the same effect on wet out and fiber concentration.
Polymer chains tend to align in the direction of shear and flow. The flow path of the polymer and the direction of the chain alignment are described by the helix shown in FIG. 8. By definition a helix is generated by a point moving around and along the surface of a cylinder or cone with a uniform angular velocity about the axis, and with a uniform linear velocity in the direction of the axis. The distance measured parallel to the axis traversed by the point in one revolution is called the lead or pitch. The ratio of line speed to rotation speed define the lead of the helix. Improved wet out, fiber dispersion, strand integrity, mechanical properties and higher fiber concentration are observed with increasing rotation speed at constant line speed (i.e. shorter lead).
The thermoplastic polymers may be crystalline, amorphous, or semicrystalline. The high molecular weight, high viscosity, thermoplastic polymers may include but are not limited to:
polyolefins such as PP, LDPE, and HDPE
polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, Nylon 11
polyesters such as PET, PBT, PCT, and PTT, polyarylates
thermoplastic polyurethanes
Fiber roving may include glass, carbon, organic, and metal types of continuous or semicontinuous fiber.
An interesting feature of the invention is the change in fiber concentration which occurs as the rotation speed increases at a constant line speed. The mechanism for this may be a Weissenberg normal stress effect. This is a tendency for a viscoelastic fluid to flow in a direction normal to the shear stress. As the polymer chains are coiled about the axially directed fiber the strangulating effect would likely force polymer along the fixed core axis relative to the rotating wall of the cylinder. The normal stress flow direction is back into the die since the fiber concentration increases and the composite would offer resistance. The exit die restriction would also contribute to the back flow pressure.
The melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is influenced by molecular weight, temperature, and shear rate. A pseudo plastic, non-Newtonian polymer will experience shear thinning or viscosity reduction with increasing shear rate. A desirable feature of this invention is the increased shear rate induced by the exit die rotation which lowers the melt viscosity of high molecular weight thermoplastic. Fiber is easier to wet out with thermoplastic at lower melt viscosity.
In Volume I of Fluid Mechanics by Bird, Armstrong, and Hassager, p. 159, (TA357D95) a mathematical description of the shear rate for steady helical flow is proposed in which both the strand velocity and the rotational velocity contribute to the shear rate. The shear rate was estimated to be about 100 sec−1 at 0 rpm and 10,000 sec−1 at 600 rpm and viscosity varied from 500,000 cp to 10,000 cp in the trials with this invention.
Benefits of the composite material according to the present invention include a unidirectional fiber alignment for higher tensile strength, longer fiber length for improved stress transfer efficiency leading to higher modulus, and fewer fiber ends which reduce the number of stress risers and increase impact strength. As seen in FIG. 9, the composite material C is characterized by having a thermoplastic resin rich skin region 41 which surrounds a core region 42 containing unidirectionally aligned fibers 12 in a matrix of thermoplastic polymer. The smooth, resin rich skin region is created by the rotational effect at the die surface. In the skin region, the morphology of the polymer is characterized by the polymer molecules or chains being oriented or aligned along a helical path. The skin polymer is less crystalline and more amorphous than the core polymer. The skin allows long fiber pellets to be cut to shorter lengths without compromising (breaking open) the pellet form. The core polymer chains are generally aligned with the fiber. The skin region may constitute from 20 to 80% of the volume of the composite. The differences in the molecular orientation of the polymer chains in the skin region and in the core region may be ascertained by viewing the regions of the sample under polarized light using a polarizing filter. Birefringence measurements may also be employed.
Composite long fiber pellets made by rotation may be characterized by the length of fiber filaments being equal to or greater than the pellet length. The length of a pellet may range from 0.125 inches to about 1.0 inches and the diameter may range from about 0.125 to about 0.5 inches so that the aspect ratio (length/diameter) may range from 0.25 to 4.0. The number of glass fiber filaments range from 2,000 to 16,000 in a pellet and up to 65,000,000 in a profile.
The helical orientation of polymer chains wrapped around the core resin and fiber produce a unique structure. As the rotation speed increases there is greater strangulation of the core region. The boundary of the core becomes more distinctive and circular.
A distinctive feature of the composite, illustrated schematically in FIG. 9, is the smooth, resin rich surface created by the die rotation. As the exit die rotates a resin rich skin forms on the composite. The polymer impregnated fiber rovings are positioned in the core region of the composite. The core polymer is dragged by the fiber and oriented in the same direction as the fiber. The skin and core regions are distinctively formed. The skin forms a ring around the core while the core forms a circular shape. FIG. 10 shows the cross section of a composite illuminated with polarized light and magnified 10�. The sample from Run 656-1 contains two rovings made at 0 rpm. The rovings are formed into U shapes and the fiber concentration is 47.1 percent. The skin core area ratio of sample 656-1 is about 1.1. FIG. 11 shows the cross section of sample 656-4 made with two rovings at 320 rpm. Fiber concentration has increased to 59.2 percent. The core area ratio of sample 656-4 rpm is 0.65. Fiber loading may range from 5 to 80 percent by weight of the composite, more particularly 20 to 80 weight percent. Good results have been observed at fiber concentrations from 30.4 to 68.7 weight percent. The illumination of the skin under polarized light is much brighter, suggesting an amorphous polymer structure. The core is less bright, suggesting a more crystalline structure.
The structure of the skin consists of the helically aligned polymer chains and may generally occupy up to 60 percent of the cross section of the composite. Higher molecular weight polymers generally have longer polymer chains and are characterized by low melt flow rates (ASTM D1248). The longer chain polymers would have greater advantage in compressing the core. The polymer chains are drawn along the helix formed by the simultaneous exit die wall rotational drag and the axial drag by the fiber. The helical alignment of the skin polymer chains improves the inner laminar shear strength of the strand which allows long fiber pellets to be cut to short lengths without compromising and breaking open the pellets. The skin also provides lubricity which protects the fiber in a subsequent handling and molding and preserves fiber length.
By cooling the rotating exit die, some cooling of the strand may occur in the region of the rotating die. This increases orientation by dragging the solidifying resin at a temperature below the melting point. Polymers may be crystalline, amorphous, or both (semicrystalline) depending on the structural regularity. Condensation polymers such as polyamides and polyesters are crystalline. Addition type polymers such as polycarbonate and polyetherimide are amorphous. Polypropylene is semicrystalline. The cooling rate will influence the amount of crystallinity.
The fiber yield is defined as the length per unit weight in yards/lb. A typical E glass roving is 225 yards/lb. and contains about 4,000 filaments. The exit die rotation improves fiber dispersion and wet out and in turn allows for more fiber rovings to be incorporated into the composite. Increasing the number of rovings in a strand for long fiber pelletizing while holding the fiber concentration and line speed constant results in greater output and improved production economy. The yield (yd/lb.) of the fiber was varied from 225 to 56 in long fiber compounding. A range from 2,000 to 0.01 yd/lb. is desired. Both inside pull and outside pull fiber is applicable.
The dispersion pattern of fiber formed by the turning guide is transformed by the exit die rotation. The composite cross sections in FIGS. 10 and 11 show the rotational influence at 0 and 320 rpm on the fiber core. The U shape fiber pattern in FIG. 10 is transformed into a fuzzy, circular core of dispersed fiber and polymer in FIG. 11.
A series of experiments was performed to study the effects of rotation on the composite properties. A summary of the data is shown in Table 1. The relationships between fiber concentration, rotational speed, pitch, and shear strength are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. A relationship between melt viscosity and rotation speed is shown in FIG. 14.
Table 1 shows the relationship between the process conditions of fiber yield, exit die diameter, line speed, and rotation speed on fiber concentration, shear strength, and viscosity for polypropylene and glass fiber. Long fiber pellets were produced with 1, 2, and 4 rovings at 0.113, 0.136, and 0.250 inch hole sizes. Die rotation was varied from 0 to 600 rpm.
The influence of rotation speed and the ratio of line speed to rotation speed (i.e. lead or pitch) on fiber concentration was plotted in the graph of FIG. 12. The fiber concentration was measured with an ashing furnace. Shear strength measurements were made on composite strands using an Instron tensile tester according to ASTM D 512. The change in shear strength of the composite at similar fiber concentrations was plotted in the graph of FIG. 13. The melt viscosity of the polypropylene was estimated from the pressure, exit die geometry, line speed, and rotation speed and plotted in the graph of FIG. 14.
Run No.
652. A comparison was made between a stationary die and a die rotated at 80 rpm. Fiber concentration increased from 30.4 to 37.4 percent.
653. The die was rotated from 0 to 80 rpm in increments of 20 rpm. Fiber increase from 32.7 to 40.3.
654. Line speed was doubled to 30 fpm. Die speed was increased from 0 to 80 rpm. Fiber content increased from 31.9 to 37.3 percent.
655. Line speed was evaluated at 15 and 30 fpm. Die speed was increased from 0 to 320 rpm. Fiber increased from 32.7 to 46.2 percent at 15 fpm from 0 to 320 rpm. Fiber increased to 45.1% at 30 fpm, 320 rpm.
656. Fiber yield was changed from 225 to 112 yd/lb. by running two rovings. Die speed was increased from 0 to 320 rpm at 15 fpm. Fiber concentration increased from 47.1 to 59.2 percent. Doubling line speed to 30 fpm reduced fiber concentration to 55.4 percent at 320 rpm confirming the inter relation of line speed and rotation speed.
657. Clockwise and counterclockwise rotations were evaluated. No difference was observed.
659, 660. Die land length was varied from 0.7 to 1.2 inches for a 0.113 inch diameter. L/D ratios were 6.2 and 10.6. Increasing the L/D ratio generally increased fiber concentration and shear strength.
674,675,676. Die hole diameter was increased to 0.250 inches and the number of rovings was increased to 4. Land lengths of 1 and 4 inches were evaluated. Rotational speed was increased to 600 rpm. Fiber concentration increased from 34.0 to 45.7% in Run 674.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood, of course, the invention is not limited thereto since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. It is therefore, contemplated by the appended claims to cover any such modifications that incorporate those features of these improvements in the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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Police: Prostitute linked to 2nd death in Georgia
ATLANTA - Police in Georgia say they are taking a second look at the 2013 heroin overdose death of a man connected to the woman charged in the overdose death of a Google executive.
Capt. Shawn McCarty with the Milton, Georgia, police department says Alix Tichelman called 911 on Sept. 6, 2013, to report that Dean Riopelle had overdosed on heroin.
McCarty says Tichelman told investigators that Riopelle had been drinking and using heroin throughout the day.
McCarty says a medical examiner concluded Riopelle did in fact die of an overdose. However, he says investigators want to take a second look to make sure they did not miss anything.(backslash)
Tichelman is charged with manslaughter in the November death of Google executive Forrest Hayes.
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Learn more about Bermuda Dunes Real Estate.
Custom home located in the private community of Castle Harbour, inside the gates at the renown Bermuda Dunes Country Club! Fabulous outdoor entertainment area with saltwater pool, cascading waterfall spa and built-in BBQ w/island. Overlooking #4 tee on Classic Course at BDCC. Features: 4 ensuite bedrooms, travertine tile throughout, slab granite countertops in gourmet kitchen and all 5 baths. S/S appliances (GE Monogram, Fisher, Paykel dishwasher), butler's pantry & wine refrig. Custom wood cabinetry & built ins throughout. Formal living & dining rooms open to expansive outdoor entertainment area. Large master & 2 guest rooms in main house...also a sewing/crafts room and game room. The 2-room guest house is perfect for weekend guests, family & friends...even has its own washer & dryer! 3-car garage w/built in cabinets. Lovely courtyard with water feature/fountain and outdoor fireplace. Custom features throughout - Owner/builder spared little expense in creating this ideal setting!
Beautiful & Highly desirable! This 2004 Custom built Estate is located in prestigious area of custom homes. This home is a dream come true with tons of upgrades with attention to detail and craftsmanship. Features like Travertine floors, plush carpet,upstairs Bdr/balcony & custom granite kitchen counters. The Master suite has an elegant bathroom with his&hers walk in closets and access to patio. Situated on 2.29 Acres W/ over 4,000sqft of living space this Custom Luxury Estate is the perfect accommodation for your RV, Desert Toys & Car Collection. This great property is also an Equestrian-Zoned Estate(up to 10 horses) and is of the few that's connected to sewer & natural gas. The large open custom kitchen is complimented with commercial grade wolf appliance, gorgeous custom cabinetry and 2 Fridge's and 2 Dishwashers. Spacious private backyard includes custom built pool/spa, a huge covered patio w/ built in fireplace that is sure to please your most discerning guest's. Preview today!
ATTENTION: owner's must sacrifice to MOVE!!! Private gated estate on just over 1 acre zoned for horses.Near private airport. Gorgeous estate screams curb appeal 3 BD/2.5 BA + office.Its dramatic elegance & classy interior don't disappoint.Unique designer touches throughout inc. distinct iron/glass front door,specialty faux finishes,art nooks,dramatic columns,plantation shutters,custom rounded doors,3 fireplaces & unique cabinets/built-ins throughout home are like designer furniture.Room to build barn/guest house.An extraordinary gourmet kitchen w butler's pantry fully equipped w a specialty wine cooler & mini-fridge.Master bedroom retreat features fireplace,private patio,large jet tub,custom shower w specialty shower heads,vanity,bidet,& enormous walk-in closet.Views,black-bottom pool/spa,covered outdoor kitchen,fire pit, & over-sized 3 car garage.Take advantage of this amazing deal originally priced to sell at $1,800,000. Move-in ready.Designer furnishings available outside escrow
Beautiful custom built home with attached Airplane Hangar! Pilot's Dream! The Master suite has direct access to the sparkling Pool and Spa. The kitchen has new appliances and the dining area opens to the covered patio and pool/spa area for entertaining. This home is undergoing renovations due to be completed soon. Seller may finance up to 50% of sale price.
Must see! New to Market! Custom 3 bed/3.5 bath POOL/SPA/Waterfall home overlooking the #6 tee on the famed Bob Hope Classic course at Bermuda Dunes Country Club. Elevated with gorgeous fairway and mountain views and amazing indoor/outdoor living! Notice the Built-in BBQ with bar seating The open floor plan sports travertine floors and granite countertops throughout. Gourmet kitchen has stainless steel appliances including GE Monogram, Sub Zero and Double oven! Great room with built in entertainment unit and dining area also has a commercial 12 foot bar with beer tap and ice maker. Plantation shutters throughout. Double French doors open to the pool from the great room, front entry and master! Oversized Master suite features built in dresser drawers and shoe storage in closets. Master bath with separate toilet and bidet, 2 headed shower and Spa tub. All bedrooms ensuite. Built in office - partners desk in third bedroom. 3 car garage with storage and separate entrance.
One of the great, elegant custom homes in Bermuda Dunes Country Club. On an impressive 16,000 square foot lot, with a floor plan designed for entertaining. Gourmet kitchen with stainless steel appliances and granite counters is open to the GREAT ROOM with custom entertainment center and 3-way fireplace. Texas-sized master suite with walk-in closet, spa tub, and separate shower is located at one end of the home for extra privacy. The other three bedrooms (one is used as an office) are spacious and two have private bathrooms. An extra plus is the detached Guest Casita, complete with its own mini-kitchen, water heater, and A/C system. The large lot affords absolute privacy in the stunning rear yard with saline pool/spa, built-in BBQ island and even an impressive 4-tiered fountain. An oversized 3-car garage boasts tons of storage cabinets and an epoxy floor. A gated side driveway leads to a convenient golf cart garage which is attached to the Casita. Come see for yourself !
Breathtaking Spanish style home situated at the end of a cul de sac. This tastefully remodeled home ($250k in upgrades) sits on an elevated lot overlooking the 17th hole. A walled in courtyard with fountain welcomes you as you enter the double doors leading into a 6' wide hallway which connects 3 bedroom suites with the living, dining, kitchen, family, and laundry rooms. Each suite has its own full size bathroom and private patio adorned with flagstone flooring. The homes amenities include marble floors, a dream kitchen with custom cabinets and double edge granite countertops and island, upgraded carpet in each suite, plantation shutters throughout, and impressive golf course and mountains views from 5 rooms. The outdoor private oasis is impressive. It boasts a pool, spa, 2 dolphin fountains, stone gas fire pit, and a built in stone barbecue with Viking grill, dual side burners, refrigerator, range, and sink. The outside of the home is adorned with numerous palm trees, with an array of landscape lighting that provides a wow factor at night. Recent upgrades include 2 new A/C units, new Halo water softener, intercom system, and exterior smooth stucco finish. You will feel like you are living at a 5-Star resort each day of the year! Furnished or Unfurnished.
Custom built home with 5.5 car garage.A rare find inside the gates of the highly desirable Moore Circle enclave you will find this 3931 sq.ft home with beautiful gated courtyard, outdoor living area with fire place, slab granite, Kitchen-Aid appliances, custom wood cabinets and shutters throughout. The Great Room floorplan offers exquisite built-in cabinetry complete with custom surround-sound entertainment system throughout, stacked stone fireplace and inviting sit down bar area. The saltwater, pebble-tec pool and spa offer relaxation in an exquisitely appointed entertaining space with huge stone built-in bbq with bar seating and gas torches to set the perfect mood. An enormous oversized 5 car garage is filled with cabinets, workbench and epoxy coated flooring along with a thermostatically controlled, ducted cooling system. This home is one of only 10 custom homes in community which also features a common area tennis court and custom security gate. A MUST See! Call for appointment.
This home is located on the beautiful Bermuda Dunes fairway and is situated between the 4th Green and 5th Green Tee Box. This is a custom built home with superior painting throughout the home. The Kitchen has all granite counters and stainless steel appliances with lots of cupboard space. There is a great island in the kitchen with it's own sink and garbage disposal. It also has it's own unique built in kitchen dining table made of granite. This home has 4 bedrooms 4 bath. One of the extra large guest bedrooms has it's own separate entryway. A individual laundry room with a built in ironing board. There is also a desk and could be a great computer area in the laundry room which also has granite counters. The Master Suite has a fantastic bathroom with huge walk in closet. The Swimming pool is a perfect size and so private, the patio has a perfect built in barbecue and just a great outdoor living space. The Front yard is desert landscape. Too many upgrades to mention here !!!!
Affordable Golf Course Estate with fabulous elevated South facing fairway and mountain views. Entertain your family and guests with tranquil views from your pool, spa and outdoor kitchen. With over sized rooms, Cathedral ceilings and 5433 square feet of living space there are so many possibilities. The kitchen boasts a Sub-Zero refrigerator, Thermadore gas range with 6 burners, Thermadore dual ovens, and a large center island. An incredibly spacious master suite, master bath and walk in closet. Your family and guests will feel private with their own large space down stairs. The garage has a separate parking place for your golf cart and you can ride straight onto the the course from your property. This is truly a stunning home that once you have put a few of your personal touches will be immaculate. Lastly do not forget the history of the Bermuda Dunes country Club as the former historic home of the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic.
Real Living Pacific Realty
27281 Las Ramblas
Mission Viejo, CA 92691
Email Us | Visit our Real Estate Website


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Before Shop-Eat-Surf, there were two sites I paid for premium content on. One is Surfline, the other is the Wall Street Journal. One is about all things surf, the other, the best business content site in the world. Shop-eat-surf is the intersection of those two worlds. Shop-Eat-Surf provides everything from coverage of events, people, brands and trends. However, beyond the Executive Edition "wall" is more meaty analysis and interpretation of financial statements, business models and brand philosophies; why certain brands and companies are succeeding, where others aren't. The Executive Edition is a must have read if the business of surf and action sports are on your radar screen.- By Jeff Berg, Co-owner, Surfline
As a retailer in the surf industry for the past 21 years, I have had to use multiple sources to stay informed to the news within surf. Since the inception of the Executive Edition of Shop-Eat-Surf.com, I need only one stop. Thanks for providing such a valuable tool to all of us in the industry. Shop-Eat-Surf is a must read for all of our staff at Maui Nix.- By George Karamitos, CEO, Maui Nix
AGENDA: Last chance to register before July 8-9 show.
ISPO: Shanghai trade show runs July 2 - 4.
Details on Industry Insight.
Sacred Craft heads to the Del Mar Fairgrounds on Oct. 8-9. Today, founder Scott Bass tells us about new brands that are getting involved with the show, new show features and why a consumer trade show focused on the art of the surfboard is important for the industry.
I produced the first Sacred Craft Surfboard Expo in 2007. Since then I've produced eight others. The Del Mar Fairgrounds is an ideal venue for a number of reasons. First and foremost, it is affordable. The surfboard industry can't afford large convention centers. We get priced out of the market. As a general rule they're not motivated by market share or IPOs. They want to make you a surfboard you'll remember forever.
These smaller venues, like Del Mar, allow for the industry to get together on the cheap, relatively speaking.
I'm pretty stoked on the longboard skate zone. Longboard skating is an integral part of the California surf existence. It remains the numero uno form of grom transportation. We've got a cool little area to try out the latest longboard skates.
Matt Biolos and his crew at ...LOST Skates stepped up with a slalom course challenge for the groms. ...LOST is giving away six boards to the groms with the fastest times. There will be quite a few brands there with boards in the demo area for everyone to try out.
Another fresh item is the Board Art Benefit in the Art Grotto. Artist Matt Beard helped me organize a crew of artists that will be creating art on surfboards during the show, with Surf Aid International as the benefactor. Attendees will see incredible artists in their element. Guys like Ron Croci, Phil Roberts, Tyler Warren, Damon Fulton and more.
The aim of the Board Art Benefit is to provide a great venue for the participating artists to showcase their work, to provide the public with a great chance to witness some of their favorite artists at work, and to support SurfAid International.
And speaking of... the Billabong Art of Shaping Auction LA County Edition takes place Saturday evening at Sacred Craft and is open to the public! Royce Cansler and his crew at Billabong have really stepped up. Billabong truly understands the power of the surfboard. Royce has amassed a stable of Los Angeles County's finest shapers for their auction.
Shapers or designers like Scott Anderson, Joe Bark, Clyde Beatty, Matt Calvani, Lance Carson, Bruce Grant, Bing Copeland, Robbie Dick, Tyler Hatzikian, Brian Hilbers, Jeff Ho, Hap Jacobs, Dennis Jarvis, Don Kadawaki, Glen Kennedy, Greg Liddle, Casey McCrystal, Greg Noll (Jed Noll), Pat Ryan, Mike Starvos, Rick Stoner (Jeff Stoner), Dewey Weber (Jerry O'Keefe) and Michael Zippi.
All the proceeds, 100% of the money from those auctioned boards goes to the SIMA Humanitarian Fund.
See Page 2 for more about new brands getting involved with Sacred Craft


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Ok, so this has been a mission but I'm practically there with getting the sketch turned into digital artwork. Everything is custom except the large paragraph. I was going to leave it and settle for one piece not being lettered but I can't. I'll do it, along with a few tweaks, once I've got my sanity back from some intense Illustrator action!
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Item #18922
Product Description
The tray shapes of our Bianco Mirrors offer intriguing visual depth for your wall decor. Each beveled mirror is framed by an angled border of white glass. One mirror is oval-shaped, another is rectangular and the third is octagonal.
Product Details
Gaelic Mirror
Was: $349.00
Sale: $279.00
Melodi Wall Mirror
Was: $59.00
Sale: $47.00
Hansa Carved Mirror
Was: $229.00
Sale: $183.00
Monticello Mirror
Was: $369.00
Sale: $295.00
Marilyn Square Mirror
Was: $29.00 - $49.00
Sale: $23.00 - $39.00


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"The Bright World of Metals" shines brighter than ever22.06.2015
Trade visitors in spirits of Investment - The world meets in Düsseldorf - ecoMetals Trails delightRead more ...
glasstec 2016 kick-off – trade fair now open for registrations19.06.2015
Companies in glass machine manufacturing, the glass industry and the glazing trade can now register for glasstec 2016Read more ...
wire Russia 201502.06.2015
Demand for International Know-How for the Russian Wire and Cable Industries persistsRead more ...
Messe Düsseldorf Group records significant rise in profit26.05.2015
Plenty of events in trade fair year and therefore good reve-nue growthRead more ...
A new star has risen: first edition of C-star comes to a successful end21.05.2015
High acclaim from leading retailers and associations - Rebooking for C-star 2016 starting nowRead more ...
Continuity is in high demand at the 25th CPM, to be held at the Expocentre Fairgounds in the heart of Moscow from 2 to 5 September 2015.Read more ...
SAVE FOOD Meeting 2015 at Nestlé a complete success15.05.2015
173 participants from 12 nations - Visible interest on the part of industry to engage in fight against food losses and wasteRead more ...
Integration. Life. Society. 201515.05.2015
Continued High Demand for Solutions to Everyday Problems of Disabled PeopleRead more ...
Glitz and Glamour on the Red Carpet05.05.2015
The next edition of RED CARPET will be held from Sunday, 26 July to Tuesday, 28 July 2015.Read more ...
"The Bright World of Metals" announces record figures04.05.2015
More than 2,100 exhibitors and over 86,200 square metres of stand space Numerous innovations expectedRead more ...
K 2016 – pointing the way forward for the world's plastics and rubber industry10.04.2015
A few weeks before the closing date for registrations, Messe Düsseldorf is recording extremely lively demand for exhibition space.Read more ...
Excellent Atmosphere at the MEDICAL FAIR INDIA 2015 in New Delhi09.04.2015
Medical Trade Fair registers in excess of 10,400 Trade VisitorsRead more ...
TOP HAIR INTERNATIONAL Trend & Fashion Days Düsseldorf delighted Exhibitors and Visitors with Strong Results02.04.2015
confirmed top position amongst hairdressing EventsRead more ...
BEAUTY DÜSSELDORF continues the Success Story, also on its 30th Anniversary02.04.2015
success story continues and 30th anniversary is crownedRead more ...
make-up artist design show 2015: Growing Importance as an International Meeting Point02.04.2015
In the sixth year of its existence once again its high standing in the sector was underlinedRead more ...
15th Edition of Central Asia Fashion has been finished31.03.2015
Posting constant visitor numbers CENTRAL ASIA FASHION in Almaty, KazakhstanRead more ...
4th GLASSPEX INDIA 2015 from 13 to 15 March 201531.03.2015
Get-together for the glass industry in Mumbai - 130 exhibitors with 3,222 trade visitorsRead more ...
ProWein 2015: Success across the Board18.03.2015
The results of the 22nd ProWein are certainly positive
Energy Storage Europe 2015: "Storage units are on the verge of a breakthrough"12.03.2015
Participation has more than doubled: Conferences and trade fair have attracted over 1,800 specialists from 48 nationsRead more ...
COLLECTION PREMIÈRE MOSCOW - CPM sends out signals05.03.2015
Once again Moscow's Expocentre Krasnopresenskaya hosted the 24th edition of CPM – Collection Première MoscowRead more ...
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Jessica Chastain, James McAvoy to Star in DISAPPEARANCE OF ELEANOR RIGBY
Golden Globe®-nominee James McAvoy (Atonement, X-Men First Class) will star opposite Academy® Award-nominee Jessica Chastain (The Help, The Tree of Life) in the double-feature film project for Myriad Pictures, The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby: Him and The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby: Her. Ned Benson (In Defiance of Gravity) wrote the two scripts and will direct both films.
The love story explores how a married couple in New York City deals with an emotional, life-altering experience, from the two different perspectives of the husband, Conor, (McAvoy), a restaurant owner, and of the wife, Eleanor, (Chastain), who goes back to college. Cassandra Kulukundis (A Late Quartet, In Defiance of Gravity) is producing. Kulukundis is also casting director (There Will Be Blood, Shattered Glass).
James McAvoy received a Golden Globe®-nomination for his performance opposite Kiera Knightley in the critically acclaimed film, Atonement. Other film credits include The Last King of Scotland with Forrest Whitaker, The Last Station with Helen Mirren and most recently in the box office hit X Men: First Class. He will next be seen starring in the new Danny Boyle film, Trance, in Eran Creevy's, Welcome to the Punch and in Jon S. Baird's, Filth. James is represented by UTA and United Agents.
Jessica Chastain was nominated for an Academy® Award for her performance in the 2011 critically-acclaimed drama The Help. The same year she appeared in The Debt, with Helen Mirren and Tom Wilkinson, and in Terence Malick's The Tree of Life. Jessica stars with Shia LaBeouf and Guy Pearce in The Weinstein Company's Lawless, and the actress is in Cannes this week promoting the film. Jessica is also starring in Kathryn Bigelow's new film Zero Dark Thirty. Chastain will make her Broadway debut in an upcoming revival of Ruth Goetz and Augustus Goetz's play 'The Heiress'.
Myriad Pictures is pre-selling the title in Cannes this week. CEO Kirk D'Amico said, "I am thrilled that we can share the excitement of James joining the cast with our buyers in Cannes, who have been so enthusiastic about the project from the beginning. James is one of the finest actors working today and I look forward to seeing Ned's rich, complex characters come alive."
Myriad presented the scripts to buyers at the European Film Market, who were intrigued by the concept. "The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby represents an alternate approach to content," said D'Amico. "New distribution models make it creatively possible for feature films to break out of the format of one 90- minute experience."
But both films will be stand-alone movies. D'Amico added, "We have to make both films work on their own, both for the buyers but also for the audiences. Together these films will describe a fully, more complete look at these characters and their lives."
About Author
- Casting Roundup: Sarah Chalke, Kim Raver Headline New Pilots
- ADVENTURE TIME Headed to the Big Screen?
- Pilot Season Roundup: Colm Feore, Daniel Stern, Dave Annable to Star in New Shows
- James Franco to Star in New Fox Comedy, WHY HIM?
- Christopher Meloni to Star in WGN America's Slave Drama UNDERGROUND
- Check Out Alex Dunphy's Full College Essay from Latest MODERN FAMILY Episode
- Photo Flash: HBO Reveals Key Art for GAME OF THRONES Season 5
- Syfy to Honor Leonard Nimoy with Special Programming This Sunday
- Grammy Winner Kelly Clarkson Exclusively Premieres New Music from New Album on MTV, VH1 & CMT First
- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


text: The room was adequate but freezing cold (I shut off the air conditioner) Mary cleans up constantly from messy people who give no thought to the mess they leave from breakfast which was too much carbohydrate not enough protein. It was be easy to have less carbohydrate and have hard boiled eggs in shell which would last several days. I... More


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VIEWS: 2 PAGES: 2 CATEGORY: Technology POSTED ON: 11/11/2011 Public Domain
With LTE services rolling out around the globe in 2011, operators and affiliates must prepare themselves for the transformative effect this will have on the telecoms industry, particularly the roaming sector.
Global Mobile Roaming: Operator Strategies, Opportunities and Challenges http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-Mobile-Roaming-Operator-Strategies- Opportunities-and-Challenges-in-the-3G-and-LTE-Era-150751.html With LTE services rolling out around the globe in 2011, operators and affiliates must prepare themselves for the transformative effect this will have on the telecoms industry, particularly the roaming sector. The enterprise roaming segment has long provided a reliable price inelastic revenue stream but this stream can be widened to include all subscribers and increase revenues in a saturated market. International regulatory bodies are taking action in regards to roaming costs and we believe this is the right time to capitalise with smart and effective pricing strategies. Roaming - Strategies and Revenues How can additional revenues be gained from LTE roaming services? This research has shown that Roaming revenues will reach over US $66 Billion in 2016. To capitalise, we describe the right strategies to embark upon within this holistic and timely report. The report further dissects roaming revenues year-by-year, region by region and by service type from 2011- 2016. You will also discover the current roaming legislation, new business models and the various drivers and barriers. Why change roaming strategies now? Operators need to deal with data pricing and bill shock swiftly to ensure subscribers utilise roaming services in increasing numbers. This Visiongain report provides crucial data and forecasts for any current or potential member of the LTE and roaming ecosystems. Some of the key points researched and forecasted include: • Global Mobile VoIP revenues by 2016 • Roaming fraud revenue loss by 2016 • Data traffic for mobile subscribers by 2016 • % of subscribers switch off data services on their handsets while abroad • % of subscribers who feel roaming data charges are too expensive • % of global mobile subscribers who regularly utilise roaming services • % of operator revenues that will come from roaming services in 2011 • % of operator revenues that will come from roaming services in 2016 Table of contents : E1 Transformation in European Mobile Roaming E2 Data Roaming Regulations in the EU E3 Global Roaming - Is there a need for new Business Models? E4 LTE Spectrum refarming is changing the face of Roaming E5 Points Emerged from this Research 1. Introduction - What is Global Mobile Roaming? 1.1 How Does Roaming Work? 1.2 Roaming Services - Voice and Beyond 1.2.1 Usage and Charges for Roaming RELATED REPORTS : Global Mobile Roaming: Operator Strategies, Opportunities and Challenges in the 3G and LTE Era World Vaccines Market 2011-2021 In Vitro Diagnostics: World Market Outlook 2011-2021 Pre-Filled Syringes: World Market Outlook 2011-2021 Biomarkers: Technological and Commercial Outlook 2011-2021 For more details contact: Aarkstore Enterprise Marketing team Tel: +919272852585 Mob.No.918149852585 Email: email@example.com Website: www.aarkstore.com
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Rachel Zolf (Neighbour Procedure, Human Resource) will be a keynote speaker at Turning on Rights: Politics, Performance and the Text, an interdisciplinary critical/creative conference at SUNY Albany that will bring together graduate students from all across the northeastern U.S. and beyond to engage and challenge the concept of rights -- human and otherwise.
Sean Dixon has sold the rights to The Girls Who Saw Everything in the UK!
HarperCollins has made a deal with Dixon for the publishing rights to The Girls Who Saw Everything and a yet-to-be-completed second book.
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This morning at Coach House we're all giving Brecken Hancock a great big group hug and want you all to join us in congratulating her on her big win last night. Her first poetry collection, Broom Broom, won the 2015 Language Trillium Book Award for Poetry (English Language), which comes with a $10,000 cash prize.
The Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts has awarded Coach House's own Jordan Tannahill the 36th Annual Dora Mavor Moore Award, a prize that celebrates excellence in Toronto theatre, dance and opera. The ceremony was held Monday evening (June 22nd) at the Harbourfront Centre, where 50 prizes in total were awarded to members of Toronto's vibrant performing arts scene.
Since our founding in 1965, Coach House has been committed to printing and publishing innovative poetry of the highest quality. With that mandate in mind, we want to make sure we're doing all that we can to share our poets' work with you!
Come and find us all over the web!


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Restaurants in Brooklyn
It's nearly impossible to walk around without bumping into a critically-praised Brooklyn restaurant. The borough is teeming with everything from Michelin Star restaurants like the Chef's Table at Brooklyn Fare and Blanca (hidden behind famed pizzeria, Roberta's) to delicious on-the-go fare at Brooklyn's many, many food festivals. In fact, every genre of food you can imagine can be found somewhere in the borough. If you simply can't make up your mind when it comes to restaurants in Brooklyn, just explore the neighborhoods on foot. Visits to the Greenpoint and Williamsburg area are sure fire bets when it comes to finding great food. Both neighborhoods are home to dozens of great eateries that can be found by simply walking along Greenpoint's Manhattan Avenue and the outsized commercial area bounded by Wythe Avenue, Driggs Avenue, McCarren Park and S. 5th Street in Williamsburg. Meanwhile, there's another cluster of great eateries in the area that stretches from the foot of the Brooklyn Bridge to Prospect Park (i.e. DUMBO to Park Slope) and in the rapidly changing north-central Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights, Bed-Stuy, Clinton Hill and Fort Greene.
Located on the ground floor of a brick row building, the interior of this popular spot is styled as an easygoing bistro, with simple wood floors and seating, soft lighting, a copper bar, and plant-filled wall nooks.
Forced to move to a larger space in Bay Ridge to accommodate its growing popularity, this Mediterranean-style Middle Eastern restaurant run by Rawia Bishara serves home-style dishes based on her mother's old-world recipes like ground lamb meatballs, stuffed grape leaves, and fatoush — a salad spi
Mod Mediterranean
This rustic-yet-urbane cozy local favorite serves fabulous Italian food. Try the homemade cavatelli in sage brown butter with slices of spicy sausage. Then take home a can of their custom-blended spicy olive oil imported from Sicily.
Serving an extensive menu of pan-Asian fare, this cash-only restaurant is housed inside two adjacent storefronts in the Park Slope neighborhood.
There's a hippy, trippy kind of rough-hewn beauty to this Williamsburg outpost from Taavo Somer (Freemans, Peels). Exposed beams and brick everywhere and cut firewood piled high in triangular pods against one wall.
This intimate and super-casual restaurant near the Williamsburg Bridge serves only one or two varieties a night, but the oysters are exceptionally fresh, always well-chosen (usually East Coast), and impeccably shucked.
Out in Williamsburg, Motorino's owner, Mathieu Palombino, brings a serious résumé to the dough game. After working under culinary stars David Bouley and Laurent Tourondel, he shifted from Gallic to garlic and olive oil while learning to bake pizza certified by Verace Pizza Napoletana Americas.
Although this bar in Brooklyn's Cobble Hill neighborhood does not actually sell tobacco, its spirit draws from the iconic shops, kiosks, and annexes that populate the streets of France, making it a meeting point for the city's French expatriate community.
Founded by the husband and wife team of Emiliano Coppa and Anna Klinger (the two actually met while she was traveling abroad in Italy), this small trattoria was one of the original restaurants that helped Brooklyn emerge as a dining destination.
Be prepared to wait. And wait. And wait. Since 1964, Domenico DeMarco has been making one pizza at a time at his shop in the melting pot of Midwood, Brooklyn.
Most of the ingredients at this diner in downtown Williamsburg come from its own six-acre, organic farm located 2.5 hours north and provide fresh flavors for the various breakfast and lunch dishes.
Though this pizza joint is technically in Greenpoint, Williamsburg's quieter neighbor to the north, the Neopolitan-style pizza made in the domed white-tiled oven here is worth the 10-minute walk from "the Burg" for its simple but delicious thin-crusted pies.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
33 year old man | Venice, CA, USA | Seeking women 18-39 within 10 miles
You don't have to be rich to be my girl.
Dear future Wonder Woman, I tried that 'superheroes only' dating site, but I kept getting Catwoman in my daily matches, and you know she and I have history. My powers don't include writing a good profile, but I'll try. About me: I can fly. That's pretty sweet right? Yeah, so if you ever want to fly somewhere, just hit me up. Umm, what else? Oh, I shoot lasers out of my eyes. That's good for cooking stuff real quick. I hear chicks dig a guy who can cook. I can lift up huge heavy things like cars or boats. So if you ever need your car moved, and you don't feel like driving, I got ya. Anyway, I'm really just looking for a wonder woman to rescue from my fortress of solitude. Someone who is just as happy battling evil as she is staying home and watching Hancock (God I loooooove that movie). C. Kent PS - Drama and bad energy are my kryptonite.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Fishing/Hunting , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas
Basketball, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs
Well, I really like it when she touches my... wait, that's not what they mean by "favorite hot spots"?
University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Can't decide on favorites, but here are a few good ones: Movies-Shawshank, Adaptation, Self Helpless. Books-Cannery Row, Ishmael. Music-Aloe Blacc, Daft Punk, The Black Keys, Outkast. Food-Mexican, soul food, anything I haven't tried before.
I like almost anything outdoors that involves turning my phone off for an extended period of time. Cooking is my jam. I spend way too much money going out to eat with my friends. Good movies and good concerts all day.
My match.com "for fun" section.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'9" (175cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'0" (243cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Artistic / Creative / Performance
|No preference
I'm your favorite DJ.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|Black / African descent, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander
|Buddhist / Taoist
|No preference
I meditate regularly and I'm learning about the buddhist teachings. Pretty new to it all but there is some great stuff there.
|English, French, Spanish
|Bachelors degree
|No preference
Majored in entrepreneurship at UVM.


text:
Atlanta, GA (Sports Network) - Doug Martin carried the ball 28 times for 142 yards and a touchdown to lead the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to a 22-17 win over the Atlanta Falcons on Sunday.
Josh Freeman completed 19-of-35 passes for 222 yards with one touchdown and one interception, while Mike Williams had six catches for 65 yards and a score for the Buccaneers (7-9), who failed to reach the postseason for the fifth straight season.
"The win is important in itself. I am glad we could go out with this win," Martin said. "What we wanted to do was end the season off with a win. You have to take your hats off to all these guys being competitors and just fighting for each other. I am proud of these guys."
Matt Ryan was 28-for-44 passing for 238 yards and a touchdown and Michael Turner added a rushing score for the Falcons (13-3), who have already locked up the top seed in the NFC and a first-round bye in the upcoming playoffs.
"It's huge (to have a first-round bye), that's our advantage. That is what everyone is playing for," Turner said. "It's the best position in the playoffs as possible, but once you get there it doesn't mean anything. You still have to go out there and do you job and pull out some wins."
Connor Barth's 48-yard field goal put the Bucs up 3-0 in the first quarter, but Matt Bryant's 28-yarder knotted the game up four minutes later.
Freeman's 8-yard touchdown pass to Williams gave Tampa a 10-3 lead near the midway point of the second quarter. Freeman took the snap, spun to his left to avoid the rush, then fired a bullet to Williams who was able to touch two feet in bounds before falling out the back of the end zone.
Barth added a 22-yard field goal with just over three minutes left in the first half to give the Bucs a 13-3 lead at the break.
Tampa stretched its lead to 16-3 on the opening drive of the second half after Barth split the uprights from 42 yards out.
Freeman's pass on the Bucs' next touch was picked off by Asante Samuel at the Tampa 32 and returned to the 21. Two plays later Turner ran it in from 17 yards out to pull within 16-10.
Tampa Bay, though, countered with a 40-yard Martin touchdown run to push its cushion to 22-10. The Bucs attempted a two-point conversion to make it a 14- point game, but Freeman's pass to Williams in the back left corner of the end zone sailed out of bounds.
After exchanging punts, the Falcons pieced together a 9-play, 52-yard drive capped off with Ryan's 7-yard pass to Harry Douglas on 4th-and-goal.
Earlier in the march, Ryan hit Julio Jones on a screen pass and Jones took it 18 yards upfield to the Bucs' 29. A 13-yard completion to Jacquizz Rodgers two plays later got the ball inside the Tampa 10-yard line.
Atlanta had one last chance to win the game after forcing a Buccaneers' punt. Ryan completed three consecutive passes to put the ball at the Falcons' 33. Ryan, though, threw four straight incomplete passes and turned the ball over on downs.
The Falcons not only lost their first game at home this season, but may have lost a key piece on defense as defensive end John Abraham left the game in the fourth quarter with an ankle injury. Abraham was helped off the field by trainers and was later carted to the locker room. He did not return to the game.
Tampa Bay holds a 20-19 advantage in the all-time series ... Freeman has
thrown for a Buccaneers single-season record 4,065 yards. It was the first
time the four-year pro has reached the 4,000-yard plateau ... The Falcons had
an 11-game home winning streak snapped ... Atlanta has finished 13-3 in two of
its last three seasons.
Former Heisman Trophy winners Matt Leinart, Eric Crouch and Rashaan Salaam are among 76 Football Bowl Subdivision players on the ballot for election into the 2016 class of the College Football Hall of Fame.
The regular season in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series has reached its midpoint, with 13 races completed and 13 to go before the championship Chase begins.
The Houston Texans have signed defensive lineman Brandon Deaderick, who played last season with the New Orleans Saints.
The Toronto Blue Jays activated catcher Dioner Navarro from the 15-day disabled list following a 2-0 loss to the Washington Nationals in the opener of Tuesday's doubleheader.
Sacramento Kings forward Carl Landry underwent surgery on Tuesday to repair a torn ligament in his right wrist, the team said.
The Montreal Canadiens revealed on Tuesday that defenseman Jeff Petry has agreed to terms on a six-year contract extension.


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Posted on 11 February 2015
The European Women Lobby Central European, Baltic and Balkan States Task Force met for its first time on 19-21 January 2015 in Brussels. We are looking for a consultant from one of the East Central European, Baltic and/or Balkan States, to support the initial startup of this Task Force.
Please find here
Period of work: February – May 2015 (This is not a full-time position, but does require a significant and regular time commitment. The person will be expected to follow the work plan they create and based on that be in regular communication throughout the period from the beginning of the contract until mid May 2015.)
How to Apply
Interested candidates are requested to submit an application to the European Women's Lobby via email to email@example.com including:
Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. Closing date for applications is February 15 2015
Posted on 20 January 2015
[Bruxelles, janvier 2015] Le Lobby européen des femmes (LEF) est la plus grande coalition d'associations de femmes dans l'Union européenne, visant à promouvoir les droits des femmes et l'égalité des femmes et des hommes, et représentant plus de 2000 organisations. Nous accueillons régulièrement des étudiant-e-s pour des stages au sein du Secrétariat du LEF, à Bruxelles.
Le programme de stage du LEF de 2015 est déjà complet.
Merci de consulter notre site à nouveau à l'automne, pour en savoir plus sur les opportunités de stage au LEF en 2016.
Merci de votre intérêt !
Posted on 20 January 2015
[Brussels, January 2015] The European Women's Lobby (EWL) is the largest umbrella organisation of women's associations in the European Union, gathering over 2000 women's associations, and aiming at promoting women's rights and equality between women and men in the European Union. We regularly welcome students for an internship within our Secretariat, in Brussels.
EWL internship programme for 2015 is complete.
Please consult our website again in the autumn, to check out EWL internship opportunities for 2016.
Thanks for your interest!!
Posted on 4 November 2014
The European Women's Lobby (EWL) is the largest umbrella organisation of women's associations in the EU. Our aim is to promote women's rights and gender equality in Europe. The EWL has members in 31 European countries, which have, in turn, member organisations at regional and local level, representing more than 2000 organisations. The EWL Secretariat coordinating the activities of this large membership is based in Brussels.
For our newest project WEstart: Mapping Women's Social Entrepreneurship in Europe we are looking to hire 10 experts in women's social entrepreneurship for a short-term (6 total days) consultancy. The core aim of the project is to gain a better understanding of the situation and state of play of women's social entrepreneurship in Europe. This will subsequently support opportunities to further develop mutual learning, transnational partnerships, mentoring, transferring knowledge and skills, identifying good practices and providing new employment and business opportunities to women across Europe.
The national consultant will be responsible for undertaking a national level mapping of women's social entrepreneurship within their home country. We are looking for one consultant from each of the following included countries: Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Bulgaria, Sweden, Lithuania, Hungary and Italy.
Please find all detailed information in the Terms of Reference.
Contract begins December 3rd and ends March 1st.
Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. Closing date for applications is November 23rd.
Posted on 5 September 2014
[Brussels, 2 September 2014] The European Women's Lobby (EWL) is the largest umbrella organisation of women's associations in the European Union, gathering over 2000 women's associations, and aiming at promoting women's rights and equality between women and men in the European Union. We regularly welcome students for an internship within our Secretariat, in Brussels, and we are now preparing our internship programme for 2015.
If you are interested in women's rights and gender equality, and by the European Union functioning and policies, then you might want to apply to join our team for an internship!
The current application concerns any unpaid internship at the EWL Secretariat in Brussels in 2015 within the context of academic or other programmes. The EWL will make selections in November 2014 and organise its yearly internship programme, according to the applications received and the availabilities informed by the applicants. Please indicate precisely your dates of availability/interest in the application form, and the work area you would prefer to work in.
Deadline for applications: 31 October 2014.
To apply, please complete the application form and return it by e-mail to: email@example.com, mentioning in the subject line 'Application for unpaid internship 2015'. Please read carefully the application form, to see if you fill in the conditions and are interested in our areas of work. Good luck!
Posted on 27 August 2014
For vacancies with members of the Social Platform, please click here. The EWL also lists job and internship opportunities in other organisations in its News section.


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text:
Kim Rogers® Petite EDV Crinkle Shell
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text:
Mac in the City of LightPaperback Adventures of Ma
List price $14.00
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- Publisher: Dundurn Group Ltd
- Format: Paperback | 200 pages
- Dimensions: 128mm x 205mm x 14mm | 200g
- Publication date: 19 February 2013
- Publication City/Country: Toronto
Product description
Mac s school trip to Paris turns into an adventure she never imagined. Fourteen-year-old California girl Mackenzie, known as Mac, goes on a school trip to Paris where she meets up with an old musician friend of her dad s, Rudee Daroo, who now makes a living as a cab driver. Rudee reveals that some of the greatest monuments in Paris are being either destroyed or stolen and that the city is slowly becoming darker.Mac finds herself in league with a crew of crazy cabbies and their friends as she tries to right these wrongs. She encounters sinister, shadowy characters who live in the Paris underground, a philosopher gendarme, a gypsy who can dance people into dream states, and gargoyles come to life. From dodging her school group to a heart-stopping encounter atop Notre Dame Cathedral, Mac needs all the resources she can muster to help Paris remain the "City of Light.""
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Christopher Ward, Canada's original MuchMusic VJ, wrote the world- wide No. 1 hit "Black Velvet." His songs have been recorded by DianaRoss, The Backstreet Boys, Amanda Marshall, and many others, and he's been seen as a judge on YTV's "The Next Star." He lives in Toronto."
Review quote
This slightly off-beat romp carries a whiff of steampunk, travelogue and Bridget does Pairs" new-age style, all roll into one. . .The semi-fantastical events work to keep reader's interest and give a coordinated alternate view of a city that has been marketed as "MacParis" perhaps once too often.


text:
Welcome to the United Nations. It's your world.
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Sustainable Development
Knowledge Platform
UN System
Stakeholder Engagement
SD in action
News & Resources
UN Webcast library
Documents Library
Publication series
Green economy guidebooks
Natural Resources Forum
Rio+20 working papers
SD in Action Special Editions
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Sustainable Development in the 21st century (SD21)
Major Agreements & Conventions
Harmony with Nature
Checked Out: Are European supermarkets living up to their responsibilities for labour conditions in the developing world?
The report is a study of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies of leading supermarkets in eight European countries:
1. Belgium,
2. Denmark,
3. France,
4. Greece,
5. Italy,
6. Poland,
7. Portugal and
8. Spain.
Labour conditions and trading relationships:
The report focuses on the countrie's policies relating to labour conditions and trading relationships in developing country supply chains. It has revealed an inadequate and, at times, contradictory approach to addressing unacceptable labour conditions in the developing world.
Social impact of consumption choices:
According to the survey European consumers are increasingly concerned about the social impact of their consumption choices. There is widespread support amongst consumers for supermarkets paying their suppliers a fair price even if this led to higher prices for consumers.
Importance of incorporating issues of sustainability into all decision-making:
The survey also shows that there is growing recognition of the importance of incorporating issues of sustainability into all decision-making.
It concluded that overall, there is a need to develop policies on labour conditions and trading relations and implement them through multi-stakeholder processes wherever possible and processes should be put in place for independent verification.
It encourages supermarkets to publish clear information about their CSR policies and their implementation.
It urges governments to introduce Right to Know legislation, or review existing legislation if it is not effective, to ensure that consumers have access to information about the sustainability of products and services.
Download PDF
Copyright United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs


text:
The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
8:1 silence in heaven. The next event after 6:12–17 would most naturally be the appearing of Christ Himself as the final Warrior and Judge (Mark 13:24–26). The silence may indicate that heaven stands in awe at His presence (Hab. 2:20; Zeph. 1:7). At this early point, the seer is not given a fuller picture disclosing the events of final judgment and re-creation. This reserve maintains the reader's interest for later cycles of judgment.


text:
Robojock plays all your favourite music through the night... and has been since 1997!.... more
00:00 Music Through The Night
07:00 Weekend Wake Up
Music, news and entertainment updates with Eimear Cummins.... more
09:00 Saturday Supplement
On the first Saturday of the month Frank Lewis talks with a panel of politicians .... more
11:00 Saturday Show
Join Francis Jones each Saturday between 11am and 2pm for a fun filled 3 hours of brilliant music, entertainments news, celebrity birthdays, special guests and all your weekend requests. The Saturday Show is interactive and is often out and about around the county. The Kerry Garden Show is broadcast from 1.45 to 2pm..... more
14:00 Weekend Sport
Join Gary O'Sullivan every weekend from 2pm for Weekend Sport. All the latest news from Gaelic Games, soccer, rugby, golf, tennis, motorsport and much more..... more
18:10 Fresh
If you need something to put you in the party mood on a Saturday evening, then look no further than FRESH! 3 hours packed full of the hottest new music, latest music news, local gig information, plus your live requests. So tune into FRESH! Saturday evenings from 6.10 p.m. Presented by Eimear Cummins.... more
21:00 Great Singers, Great Songs
Every Saturday night for three hours from 9 to Midnight Marian O'Flaherty plays a rainbow of musical talent from the past four decades..... more


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WEDDINGS/CELEBRATIONS; Rachel Zar-Kessler, Adam Scott
Published: May 30, 2004
Rachel Sorrel Zar-Kessler, a daughter of Cantor Lorel Zar-Kessler and Arnold Zar-Kessler of Newton, Mass., is to be married this evening to Adam Blake Scott, a son of Cheryl and Dr. Charles Scott of Cherry Hill, N.J. Rabbi David Thomas is to perform the ceremony at Congregation Beth El in Sudbury, Mass., with Rabbi Lawrence Kushner taking part.
The bride and bridegroom, both 25, graduated from Washington University in St. Louis.
Ms. Zar-Kessler, who will keep her name, was until this month the executive assistant to Ruth Messinger, the president of the American Jewish World Service in New York. The bride received a master's degree in the science of teaching from Pace University in New York. Her father is the head of the Solomon Schechter Day School of Greater Boston in Newton. The bride's mother, who is the cantor of Congregation Beth El, will participate in the ceremony.
Mr. Scott is the director of the SAT program of Minds Matter of NYC, a nonprofit college preparatory and mentor program for minority youth. He was until this month a senior management consultant in New York with Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, the management consulting firm. In the fall, he is to begin studying for an M.B.A. at Northwestern. His mother teaches English as a second language at Davis Elementary School in Camden, N.J. His father, a pediatrician, practices with Medford Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in Medford, N.J., and is the president of the New Jersey chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Ms. Zar-Kessler was a sophomore at Washington University in the fall of 1997 when she saw Mr. Scott, then a freshman, going to class.
''Adam walked by,'' she recalled, just as a friend was asking her what kind of boy she would be interested in. ''I just pointed to him and said, 'That's the kind.' ''
They were introduced not long after that.
''Adam was so friendly and seemed so excited to meet me that I felt an immediate spark,'' she said. ''I was sure he felt the same.''
A few days later, when she saw him, she expected a warm greeting. Although Mr. Scott was friendly, he seemed not to remember her. This pattern was repeated three or four times over the next weeks. Friends would introduce them, and Ms. Zar-Kessler would stand dumbfounded as Mr. Scott introduced himself without a hint of remembering her, she said.
A month after their first meeting, she found herself at a party with him. As he reached out his hand to introduce himself again, she reached the end of her rope.
''I told him I had met him several times before, that I had no interest in reintroductions and that I was insulted,'' she said.
Mr. Scott recalled saying he was truly embarrassed and explained that as a newcomer to the university he had met ''so many people.'' He then held Ms. Zar-Kessler's hand, repeated her full name and promised he would never forget it again.
Photo (Photo by Art Illman)


text:
prints, pride prints, seven deadly sins prints, racism prints, discrimination prints, anger prints, hatred prints, kill prints, murder prints, death prints, blood prints
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Fine Art America is one of the largest, most-respected giclee printing companies in the world with over 40 years of experience producing museum-quality prints. All of our prints are produced on state-of-the-art, professional-grade Epson printers.
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Prints ship within 3 - 4 business days in durable cardboard tubes.
Seven Deadly Sins Series
My favorite topic to draw and paint has always been women�s faces. That was what I first remember drawing when I was a child. Early in childhood, I figured out that I could express myself through my drawings. I could transfer all my feelings to the girls or women in my sketches. Their facial expressions would show exactly how I felt at that moment in time. This was a very empowering tool for me. If I felt sad, I would sketch a sad woman and she would end up carrying the sadness in the end. I would get a sense of relief afterwards because I had spoken through my drawing. I continued drawing and painting women until my senior year in high school. I stopped doing art when I went to college. After I graduated, my focus shifted to my...
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