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Visit : Monument, Religious Heritage
© WBT - Global View - Simon Schmitt
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Parvis Notre-Dame
1020 Brussels (BRUXELLES)
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Built in the 19th century and dedicated to Louise-Marie, first Queen of the Belgians, it contains the Royal Crypt. The choir of the original 13th century church is in early Gothic style and is in the cemetery where numerous wellknown personalities are buried. They include, the playwright Michel de Gholderode, the architects Poelaert, Balat and Suys as well as the violonist Charles de Bériot and his wife, the famous opera singer, known as "La Malibran". Among the works of art decorating the tombs and chapels is the famous "Thinker" of Rodin.
Open on other dates (see website of the parish of Laeken).
Guided visits on request.
Free of charge.
Visit our partners' webpages
- See and Tell in Brussels, guided city tours
- Folon Foundation
- Walibi Theme Park...With friends or family, let's all go to Walibi!
- Halle Gate - Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels
- Zaabär, the chocolate factory at the heart of Brussels


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Art In San Diego from RD Riccoboni > Urban Landscape Paintings and Drawings > San Diego California Art by RD Riccoboni > Tower > Pen and Ink Tower Women's Cap Sleeve T-Shirt
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National Nuclear Security Administration:
Observations on NNSA's Management and Oversight of the Nuclear Security Enterprise
GAO-12-473T: Published: Feb 16, 2012. Publicly Released: Feb 16, 2012.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-3841
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
NNSA has successfully ensured that the nuclear weapons stockpile remains safe and reliable in the absence of underground nuclear testing, accomplishing this complicated task by using state-of-the-art facilities as well as the skills of top scientists. Nevertheless, NNSA does not have reliable enterprise-wide management information on program budgets and costs, which potentially increases risk to NNSAs programs. For example, in June 2010, GAO reported that NNSA could not identify the total costs to operate and maintain essential weapons activities facilities and infrastructure. In addition, in February 2011, GAO reported that NNSA lacks complete data on, among other things, the condition and value of its existing infrastructure, cost estimates and completion dates for planned capital improvement projects, and critical human capital skills in its contractor workforce that are needed for its programs. As a result, NNSA does not have a sound basis for making decisions on how to most effectively manage its portfolio of projects and other programs and lacks information that could help justify future budget requests or target cost savings opportunities. NNSA recognizes that its ability to make informed decisions is hampered and is taking steps to improve its budget and cost data.
For more than a decade and in numerous reports, GAO found that NNSA has continued to experience significant cost and schedule overruns on its major projects. For example, in 2000 and 2009, respectively, GAO reported that NNSAs efforts to extend the operational lives of nuclear weapons in the stockpile have experienced cost increases and schedule delays, such as a $300 million cost increase and 2-year delay in the refurbishment of one warhead and a nearly $70 million increase and 1-year delay in the refurbishment of another warhead. NNSAs construction projects have also experienced cost overruns. For example, GAO reported that the cost to construct a modern Uranium Processing Facility at NNSAs Y-12 National Security Complex experienced a nearly seven-fold cost increase from between $600 million and $1.1 billion in 2004 to between $4.2 billion and $6.5 billion in 2011. Given NNSAs record of weak management of major projects, GAO believes careful federal oversight of NNSAs modernization of the nuclear security enterprise will be critical to ensure that resources are spent in as an effective and efficient manner as possible.
NNSAs oversight of safety and security in the nuclear security enterprise has also been questioned. As work carried out at NNSAs sites involves dangerous nuclear materials such as plutonium and highly enriched uranium, stringent safety procedures and security requirements must be observed. GAO reported in 2008 on numerous safety and security problems across NNSAs sites, contributing, among other things, to the temporary shutdown of facilities at both Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Ineffective NNSA oversight of its contractors activities contributed to many of these incidents as well as relatively lax laboratory attitudes toward safety procedures. In many cases, NNSA has made improvements to resolve these safety and security concerns, but better oversight is needed to ensure that improvements are fully implemented and sustained. GAO agrees that excessive oversight and micromanagement of contractors activities are not an efficient use of scarce federal resources, but that NNSAs problems are not caused by excessive oversight but instead result from ineffective departmental oversight.
Why GAO Did This Study
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separately organized agency within the Department of Energy (DOE), is responsible for managing its contractors nuclear weapon- and nonproliferation-related national security activities in laboratories and other facilities, collectively known as the nuclear security enterprise. GAO designated DOEs management of its contracts as an area at high risk of fraud, waste, and abuse. Progress has been made, but GAO continues to identify problems across the nuclear security enterprise, from projects cost and schedule overruns to inadequate oversight of safety and security at NNSAs sites. Laboratory and other officials have raised concerns that federal oversight of the laboratories activities has been excessive. With NNSA proposing to spend tens of billions of dollars to modernize the nuclear security enterprise, it is important to ensure scarce resources are spent in an effective and efficient manner.
This testimony addresses (1) NNSAs ability to produce budget and cost data necessary to make informed management decisions, (2) improving NNSAs project and contract management, and (3) DOEs and NNSAs safety and security oversight. It is based on prior GAO reports issued from August 2000 to January 2012.
DOE and NNSA continue to act on the numerous recommendations GAO has made in improving budget and cost data, project and contract management, and safety and security oversight. GAO will continue to monitor DOEs and NNSAs implementation of these recommendations.
For more information, contact Gene Aloise at (202) 512-3841 or email@example.com.
Jun 29, 2015
Electricity:Generation Mix Has Shifted, and Growth in Consumption Has Slowed, Affecting System Operations and PricesGAO-15-524: Published: May 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 29, 2015.
Jun 23, 2015
Renewable Energy:BLM Has Limited Assurance That Wind and Solar Projects Are Adequately BondedGAO-15-520: Published: Jun 5, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 23, 2015.
Jun 17, 2015
Energy Savings Performance Contracts:Additional Actions Needed to Improve Federal OversightGAO-15-432: Published: Jun 17, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 17, 2015.
Jun 15, 2015
Indian Energy Development:Poor Management by BIA Has Hindered Energy Development on Indian LandsGAO-15-502: Published: Jun 8, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2015.
Jun 12, 2015
Department of Energy:Actions Needed to Improve DOE and NNSA Oversight of Management and Operating ContractorsGAO-15-662T: Published: Jun 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 12, 2015.
Jun 10, 2015
National Nuclear Security Administration:Actions Needed to Clarify Use of Contractor Assurance Systems for Oversight and Performance EvaluationGAO-15-216: Published: May 22, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 10, 2015.
Apr 27, 2015
DOE Loan Programs:Current Estimated Net Costs Include $2.2 Billion in Credit Subsidy, Plus Administrative ExpensesGAO-15-438: Published: Apr 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 27, 2015.
Apr 22, 2015
Department of Energy:Management of Excess UraniumGAO-15-475T: Published: Apr 22, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 22, 2015.
Apr 15, 2015
National Nuclear Security Administration:Observations on Management Challenges and Steps Taken to Address ThemGAO-15-532T: Published: Apr 15, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 15, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
National Nuclear Security Administration:Reports on the Benefits and Costs of Competing Management and Operating Contracts Need to Be Clearer and More CompleteGAO-15-331: Published: Mar 23, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
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Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Luz I Apr. 9, 1974 i5 1 APPARATUS FOR MONITORING TEST 3.1 I 1.608 ll/wm Bnennlng ct m 340/279 ANIMAL ACTIVITY 3,465,724 9/1969 Broadbent .1 340/258 C 3,676,772 7/1972 Lee 340/258 C [75] inventor: Hans G. Luz, Reutlingen, Germany [73] Assignee: Institute Dr. Friedrich Forster, Primary Examiner |ohn w Caldwell grufgeratebaua Reuflmgen Assistant Examiner-Glen R. Swann, Ill
ermany [22] Filed: Oct. 24, 1972 57 ABSTRACT [211 App]. No.: 299,775 1 Animals of different selected groups are provided with P D electrically conducting and/or ferromagnetic actuator [30] i App canon nomy ata 2152406 elements of different predetermined electrical conduc- Oct. 1, 1 71 Germany tivity and/Or magnetic permeability Test coils are an 7 ranged about the animal enclosure and are connected [52] "340/258 235/92 Z to different measuring circuit apparatus, one for each 1 Int Cl Gosh 13/24 group to be monitored, which apparatus are-individu- I "I ally responsive to the presence of the test animals pro- [58] new of Search 340/279 vided actuator elements within the magnetic field of the coils. in this manner, each animal of each group will produce a discrete signal representative of the umfi s iil'iis iilims 3,633,001 1/1972 Vainovsky 340/279 8 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PHI/5E 620/ 752 49' 76/6652 4 c/ecu/r l 56 l ##455 $22567; 2577;752
4/ T 77/6655 A C/ZCU/r u I u-- 1 if I P4455 re/aaa E d/ecu/r 5///fi7Z PATENTEDAPR 9 1974 sum 1 or 2 fiz. 1.
PATENTEDAPR 91914 SHEET 2 0F 2 O O NHO'ONH APPARATUS FOR MONITORING TEST ANIMAL ACTIVITY FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In medical and pharmaceutical research, new drugs, preparations and the like are frequently tried out on animals such as mice, rats, and, more recently, fish. An important object of such testing is the assessment of test animal activity as it is related to the drugs, preparations, or the like, administered to the animals. Although direct observation by humans is sometimes used, it is difficult and not easily related to objective standards. Accordingly, apparatus has been developed in the past which automatically measures and reports activities of the test animals over any prescribed period of time.
In certain known equipment, the test animals are kept in an enclosure constructed of a non-ferromagnetic and nonconducting material. A plurality of uniformly distributed, fiat, serially connected coils are located in the enclosure bottom or floor. The coils are interconnected to form an oscillating circuit which is excited at a predetermined frequency. A test animal moving over or closely adjacent to one of the coils modifies the impedance of the coil, producing a change in the voltage of the oscillating circuit as well as its frequency.
These changes in voltage and frequency serve as a means for evaluating the activity of the test animals.
Many test animals only react normally when in groups. In the prior system discussed above, measurement of animals in a group is possible, however, in many cases it is also important to be able to separate the activity of one or more animals in the group and assess their activity individually. Accordingly, in such systems the individual animal to be monitored has been provided with a small ring of metal such that as the animal moves over one of the coils in the enclosure floor, the effect on the oscillating circuit is substantially greater than that which is produced by the animal without the ring. Circuit apparatus for evaluating animal activity is thresholded to be operated only by an animal including a ring and not by the other animals in the group. Accordingly, one or more so treated animals may be studied while they are living and reacting in a group of other non-treated animals, and the nontreated animals will not influence measurements taken.
The above described known apparatus can be constructed so as to permit evaluating the activities of two different groups of test animals; one including a metal ring and the other group being untreated. In the first case, the evaluation circuitry is made to respond to a higher level signal; whereas the second group circuit only responds to a much lower signal, corresponding to that produced by an untreated animal. However, such a technique is not amenable for application to evaluat ing activities of a set of test animals comprising more than two identifiable groups.
In accordance withanother known technique, the test animals are provided with a material which reflects infrared light and infrared receivers are located about the animal enclosure detecting the reflection of infrared light irradiating the animals. A primary disadvantage of this technique is that the test animals do not react normally as a result of the infrared radiation. Also, a'further defect is that the technique does not allow the determination of the activity of any selected animals or groups apart from the entire set of animals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the practice of this invention, animals of different selected groups are provided with electrically conducting and/or ferromagnetic acutator elements of different predetermined electrical conductivity,and/or magnetic permeability. That is, all of the animals in each test group are provided with such actuator elements having the same electrical conductivity and/or magnetic permeability. Test coils are arranged about the animal enclosure and are connected to different measuring circuit apparatus, one for each group to be monitored, which apparatus are individually responsive to the passage of the test animals (and their actuator elements) through the magnetic field of the coils. In this manner, each animal of each group will produce a discrete signal output representative of the group to which it belongs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES paratus of this invention.
FIG. 3!; depicts an alternate form of circuit apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a graph of voltage vectors produced by a test animal passing adjacent a field generating monitoring coil.
' DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS magnetic field generating coils l2 uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the enclosure floor 10, which coils are energized in a manner to be described. The test animal is provided with a device 13 of given electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability characteristics representative of the group or class to which the test animal belongs. As will be clarified below, each combination of predetermined conductivity and magnetic permeability in an actuator element 13 provides it with an individual electro-magnetic character enabling its identification by the apparatus to be described.
Turning now to FIG. 2, the impedance vector for the coil 12 with a test animal at a remote distance is identified by the numeral 14 and is composed of a substantially constant resistance component R and an inductive reactance component jwL where the point P is the vector end point.
When a test animal having an actuator 13 made of a material having relatively high permeability and also relatively low electrical conductivity, e.g., a sintered ferrite, the end of the vector 14 will move from P to some'higher point P,, thereby lengtheningthe vector 14 by an amount which approximates the vector 15.
If, on the other hand, the actuator 13 for the test animal is constructed of a good electrical conductor, it will act in a manner similar to that which would be achieved on a short-circuited secondary winding being loosely coupled with the winding 12. This result depends not only upon the conductivity of the actuator 13, but also upon its physical construction or geometry. If such an actuator has an inductive reactance which considerably exceeds the ohmic resistance R, of the material at the frequency of operation, the end of the impedance vector will be shifted from P to some point P as the test animal with the described actuator element moves over the coil 12. Also, it is to be noted that the inductive reactance of the coil 12 is reduced by a vector quantity enumerated as 16.
As a still further variation of the actuator element composition, if it is constructed of a material having a conductivity such that its ohmic resistance approximately equals the inductive reactance, then the tip of the vector 14 is transferred to a new point P on movement of a test animal therepast. In this case, the resistance is greater than R in the first described situation while the inductance is decreased a slight amount.
With a specified size and shape for the actuator 13 and a constant frequency of energizing power applied to the coil 12, further reduction of the actuator conductivity decreases the amount of shift of the vector tip, with the angle between the vectors 16 and 17 increasing accordingly. Therefore, in a material having a very low conductivity, the angle approximates 90 while the vector end point P approaches P so that P and P for practical purposes may be considered to be the same.
For an actuator constructed of a ferromagnetic material having better conductivity than in the first described situation, there will be an increase in the inductive reactance as well as the resistance for the coil 12. This results in a vector, the end point of which shifts generally along the same direction as the vector 14, but extends farther out.
As has already been alluded to, a test animal which does not include an actuator 13 of any kind will also produce a change in the coil impedance characteristics, although of a smaller amount, as it passes over the coil. Since for practical purposes most test animals are the same in this regard, the amount and angle of this change can be considered as solely a function of the measurement frequency.
As shown, changes in the impedance of coil 12 can be effected by means of using actuators 13 of different geometries and different combinations of conducting and ferromagnetic properties. Accordingly, an electrical measuring system which can determine this change in impedance of the coil 12 will also at the same time identify the test animal provided with the predetermined actuator 13 which is within the influencing range of the coil. In this manner, as will be more particularly described below, such a measuring system can then identify all those animals individually, or as a group, which are provided with the same type of actuator 13. Moreover, by providing different animals, or different groups of animals, with another type of actuator, this permits distinguishing these animals from those of the first group.
With reference now to FIG. 3a, there is shown there a circuit schematic of a system for evaluating the change in impedance in the coil 12 and thereby identifying the particular type of actuator and test animal, or group of test animals, causing the change in impedance. A transformer 18 has its primary connected to a source 19 of alternating electrical power at a given predetermined frequency which is also identified as a FREQUENCY GENERATOR. A plurality of coils 20-23 are serially arranged with a further identical set of such coils 24-27, which series arrangement is connected across the secondary of the transformer 18. The coils 20-23 are each identical with the coil 12 referenced in FIG. 1, and, as already'described, are located under the floor of the animal enclosure. Coils 24-27, although identical electrically with the coils 12, are remotely located from the test animalsand in an environment maintained at a common temperature. The sec-' ondary has its center-tap grounded such that the transformer secondary and the series arrangement of the coils 20-27 forms a bridge circuit which is initially balanced as long as no test animals are brought within range to modify the impedance of the coils 20-23. To achieve full balancing and compensate for any minor inductive differences that may exist between the various coils, either capacitor 28 or 29 is connected across the respective coil sets 20-23 or 24-27, as needed. Similarly, any minor changes in resistance that are necessary to achieve actual balancing for the two halves of the bridge, are provided by connecting either of resistors 30 or 31 of appropriate. value across the coils 20-23 and 24-27, respectively.
As an option or alternative version, the coils 24-27 may be replaced by a single coil whose impedance closely approximates that of the coils 20-23. FIG. 3b shows an alternate bridge circuit arrangement and comprises the same set of coils 20-23 serially arranged with a variable capacitor 32 and a variable resistor 33, all connected across the transformer secondary as in the first described version. The capacitor is adjustable to a value such that the capacitive reactance JlmC is very closely the same as the inductive reactance of the coils 20-23. With the inductive reactance being cancelled out by the capacitor 32, the resistor 33 is merely balanced to a value equal to the ohmic resistance of the coils 20-23 in order to achieve complete bridge balance. The common interconnection point 34 between the coils 23 and 24, the bridge output, is applied through an amplifier 35 to an input terminal of each of two phase selective rectifiers 36 and 37. A phase selective rectifier circuit is well known circuit apparatus which accepts two signals as input and provides a single output signal of magnitude proportional to the cosine of the phase angle between the two input signals. The
voltage from the frequency generator 19 is applied via a pair of adjustable phase shifters 38 and 39, respectively, to the other input terminals of the phase selective rectifiers. The rectifier 36 output is connected to each of two trigger circuits 40 and 41 while the rectifier 37 output drives a single trigger circuit 42. The significance and information provided by the presence or absence of signals at the output of the triggers 40-42 will be described later herein.
Before entering into a detailed description of the operation of the circuits shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, a brief discussion of the function and basis of operation of the phase-selective rectifiers 36 and 37 will be given. Their primary function is to compare the phase relationship of the voltage signal from the amplifier 35, U,,,, with that of the control voltage from generator 19, U The rectified output to the trigger circuits, U,,, has a magnitude proportional to U,, and the cosine of the difference phase angle a) between U and U Expressed mathematically, this is,
From the above it is clear that magnitude of the control voltage, U, is not material in determining the value of the rectifier output, U If the U and U are in phase, i.e., d1 0, the output voltage U, corresponds to the maximum positive rectified value of U,,,. If, on the other hand, U and U,, are in phase opposition, i.e., 180, U corresponds to the maximum negative rectified value of U,,,. With qb 90 or 270, U,, is zero.
In the ensuing description, the activities of three animals or three groups of animals are monitored. The animal or animals of group A are provided with an actuator 13 of ferromagnetic material characteristically having a high magnetic permeability; each in group B has an actuator of good electrical conductivity; and the actuator for group C are constructed of a material of significantly less conductivity than group B.
When a group A animal passes within affective range of one of the coils 20-23, it will imbalance the bridge and supply an input signal to amplifier 35 from which signals are applied to both phase-selective rectifiers 36 and 37. Turning now also to FIG. 4, the bridge voltage corresponds with vector 15. Phase shifter 38 modifies the phase of the voltage from 19 such that the control signal applied to rectifier 36 corresponds to' vector 43. A positive D. C. voltage will appear at the output of rectifier 36 having a magnitude corresponding to the projection 44 of vector onto 43. The D. C. voltage is connected to the inputs of both trigger circuits 40 and 41, the first biased to only respond to positive signals, and the second to negative signals. In the present case with a group A animal influencing the coils -23 only, trigger circuit 40 is actuated. The switching signal made available at 45 as a result of the A animal activity is then utilized to actuate counting or other recording evaluation apparatus (not shown).
The signal presented to rectifier 36 from amplifier 35 is also applied to the phase selective rectifier 37. However, phase shifter 39 is so adjusted that the control voltage fed to rectifier 37, vector 46 is perpendicular to vector 15, which results in zero output for the rectifier as explained earlier. Of course, with zero signal applied to trigger circuit 42, ,it will not produce a switching signal.
of 43, namely, vector 47. Switching signal 48 can be used to count or otherwise evaluate the animal activity. Since vectors 16 and 46, representing the measurement and control voltages, respectively, are perpendicular to each other, the phase selective rectifier 37 has no output and thus trigger circuit 42 produces no switching signal.
When an animal with a C group actuator influences one or more of the coils 20-23, a voltage corresponding to vector 17 in FIG. 4 is presented to each of the phase selective rectifiers 36 and 37. No output is produced by the rectifier 36, since vectors 17 and 43 are perpendicular to one another, and thus no switching signals 45 and 48 are generated. There is an output from 37, the magnitude of which is given by the vector 49, the latter being a projection of vector 17 onto 46. In this manner, trigger circuit 42 generates a switching signal 50 for use in the same way as described for the groups A and B animals.
On occasion, a problem may be encountered in that a test animal remains at rest over one or more of the coils 20-23, temporarily blocking monitoring of animal activities. This can be obviated by individual capacitors into the input lines to each of the trigger circuits 40-42 which will prevent the trigger circuits from being actuated by D. C. signals, but, on the other hand, will cause them to be actuated on relatively rapid changes of .D. C. input. This circuit modification will also prevent spurious switching signals being generated by such things as, say, a gradual change in the bridge circuit produced by temperature variation.
As illustrated in the drawings, the actuator 13 is annular inshape, which, on occasion, makes its effect on the impedance of the coils 20-23 somewhat dependent on the orientation of the actuator as it is moved past the coils. An alternate form of the actuator which avoids the position dependency problem, is to make it spherical. More particularly, the hollow sphere constructed of plastic covered with a thin metal skin would possess the proper weight characteristics such that it could be carried by the animal without undue inconvenience and would, due to its geometry, not be position dependent. In addition, a protective layer may be provided over the metal skin to prevent its removal from contact with the animal. Since relatively high frequency voltages are contemplated for the frequency source 19, the depth of penetration of the coil field into the actuator would be very small so that evena very small thickness of metal skin over the plastic sphere would be adequate.
In the practice of the invention described herein, it is now possible to monitor the activities of three different groups of test animals, whereas in the past only two groups were able to be so examined. In addition, a further advantage is that whereas in certain of the past known systems selection between the two groups was made on the basis of the magnitude of the coil voltage,
whereas in the subject invention the phase relation of the voltage is the determinative criterion.
lf it is desired to have further groups or subgroups of test animals, this can be achieved simply by providing the first three groups (A, B and C) with actuator as de-. scribed herein and, say, a second three groups (D, E and F) with similar actuators only of much larger dimensions. The circuit of FIGS. 3a and b would then be modified to add an additional trigger circuit in parallel with each of the trigger circuits 40, 41 and 42 where the thresholds of these additional triggers would respond to a higher coil voltage that would be achieved when the larger actuators were brought into influential range on the coils 23.
As a further possibility for increasing the number of groups or subgroups of animals to be monitored, actuators for the animals may be provided having smaller differentials of the phase angles corresponding to the coil voltage than in the previously described examples. If this approach is taken, the electronic apparatus would have to be able to produce an indication for these voltages over a very specific narrow range of phase angles and simultaneously surface voltages lying without the actuating range. It is within the skill of the electronic art to provide such apparatus.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for determining the activity of different groups of test animals located within an enclosure, comprising:
actuator means carried by the test animals, said means having a different electrical conductivitymagnetic permeability, characteristic for each p;
coil means located within the enclosure such that the test animals-and actuators carried thereby can be brought closely adjacent thereto during natural movement of the animals;
alternating voltage source means connected to said coil means;
circuit means for generating a signal each time an animal carrying an actuator is immediately adjacent said coil means, said circuit means including separate detector means for each animal group individually responsive to the impedance change in said coil means produced by an animal with actuator of the corresponding group being located nearby for producing a unique signal identifying the animal as to group.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1, in which the actuator means include a first actuator of high magnetic permeability to be carried by a first group of animals, a second actuator constructed of a material of relatively good conductivity to be carried by a second group of animals and a third actuator constructed of a material having a good conductivity substantially less than that of the second actuator to be carried by the animals of the third group.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1, in which said circuit means includes means interconnecting said coil means and said voltage source means forming a balanced bridge in the absence of test animals and producing an unbalance signal when an animal with actuator means is located within influential range of said coil means, and means responsive to both the polarity and magnitude of said unbalance signal for producing a signal identifying the group of test animals unbalancing the bridge.
4. Apparatus as in claim 3, in which said bridge means includes second coil means electrically identical with said first recited coil means and located remotely from the test animals, said first and second coil means being serially arranged with said alternating voltage source means.
5. Apparatus as in claim 3, in which said bridge means includes a resistance of value equal to the serial resistance of said coil means, and a capacitor having a capacitive reactance equal to the combined inductive reactance of said coil means, said resistance and capacitance being serially arranged with said coil means across said alternating voltage source.
6. Apparatus as in claim 3, in which said means for producing an identifying signal includes phase selective rectifier means having a pair of input terminals, means interconnecting the alternating voltage source to one of said rectifier means input terminals, means connecting the unbalance signal with the other rectifier means terminal, and trigger circuit means fed by the rectifier means output to produce a signal identifying the group of animals unbalancing the bridge.
7. Apparatus for determining which of three test animals moves into impedance modifying range of a coil energized by an alternating voltage source, comprising:
a first metallic actuator carried by one of said animals having relatively high magnetic permeability and relatively low electrical conductivity;
a second metallic actuator of geometry identical to said first actuator carried by another of said animals and having a relatively low magnetic permeability and relatively high electrical conductivity;
a third metallic actuator of identical geometry to said first and second actuators having the same magnetic permeability as said second actuator and less electrical conductivity; and
means responsive to the three different levels of impedance change in said coil produced by the animals with the respective actuators for producing respectively individual identifying signals.
8. Apparatus for providing signals indicative of any one of a number of different levels of change of impedance in coil means energized by a source of substantially constant frequency electrical power, comprising:
first and second phase measuring means each having a pair of input terminals and an output tenninal at which a signal appears proportional to the product of the voltage value at a first of said input terminals and the cosine of the difference in phase angles between the two inputs;
means interconnecting the voltage at said coil means and said first input terminals of said first and second phase measuring means;
first phase shifting means interconnectingthe electrical power source and the second input terminal of the first phase measuring means;
second phase shifting means interconnecting the electrical power source and the second input terminal of the second phase measuring means;
said first and second phase shifting means being so adjusted that for at least one level of coil means impedance change the output of the first phase measuring means is zero and for at least one other level of coil means impedance change the second phase measuring means output is zero; and
thresholded means connected to the outputs of said first and second phase measuring means for providing signals definitive of the different levels of coil means impedance change.
Referenced by
Original Image


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State Requirements
CCR User Guide (pdf)
Print Your License
NIPR is pleased to announce the following states are now available to accept a Contact Change Request for physical addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers:
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia, and West Virginia.
All other states will continue to accept physical address changes.
Bail license and Adjuster license address changes will need to be made directly with the California Department of Insurance.


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Product Details
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I bought this book for my nephew but ended up reading it before I gave it to him. ;) I very much enjoyed it. Read morePublished 1 month ago by A.J. Cattapan
My son and I are avid readers and since I follow Bransford's blog, I picked this up for my 11 year old. Read morePublished 1 month ago by Lia Mack
it was a adventu so I book good words amazing amazing very amazing book good fun lovely saw break bookPublished 14 months ago by Kindle Customer
I like it because the book talks about science and science is cool because you get to invent stuff. book summaryPublished 17 months ago by Kindle Customer
This book was pretty good. The person who reads this book is a great person. :)
No money, This book is a free book. No $
This story was such a fun read - so imaginative, while the characters were so life-life and unique they leapt from the story into my imagination forever. Read morePublished 23 months ago by Wendy Peterson
The pacing is way too fast. There's no real character development, and it tries way to hard to be funny. There are better science fiction books out there for middle-grade readers.Published on March 9, 2013 by D. Reboso
This hilarious story is the first in a trilogy about the adventures of Jacob Wonderbar, a boy who is drawn to trouble like a magnet. Read morePublished on February 10, 2013 by Tara Asmus
I came across this by accident and don't for a moment regret my purchase. The characters are very real and the plot ... isn't. Read morePublished on January 21, 2013 by Anthony Deaver


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Copycat Cinnabon' for the Bread Machine
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 3 hrs
oh my husband loves me to make these!!! got it off the copykat site
Make and share this Copycat Cinnabon' for the Bread Machine recipe from Food.com.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 cup milk
- 1 egg, beaten
- 4 tablespoons melted butter
- 4 tablespoons water
- 1 (3 1/2 ounce) box instant vanilla pudding
- 4 cups bread flour
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 2 1⁄2 teaspoons bread machine yeast
- 1⁄2 cup butter, softened
- 1 cup brown sugar
- 2 teaspoons cinnamon
- 1⁄4 cup chopped walnuts (optional)
- 1⁄4 cup raisins (optional)
- Place all ingredients in your machine in order recommended by your machine's manufacturer.
- Place the pan in your machine.
- Select the dough cycle and press start.
- When cycle is finished, remove the dough, knead enough to punch down and roll to 17X10.
- Combine first three filling ingredients and mix well.
- Heat in microwave 10 seconds to make it spreadable.
- Spread over rolled out dough with rubber spatula.
- Get as close to the edges as possible.
- Sprinkle nuts or raisins over dough.
- Starting with widest end, roll the dough into tight log.
- Cut into 1/2-1" slices.
- Place in a lightly greased baking dish with sides.
- Put in warm draft free place and allow them to raise until double.
- (I turn my oven on warm and place them inside. When the temperature light goes off, turn off the oven. I let them rise 20-30 minutes this way. Take out to heat oven to baking temp.) Bake at 350 for 15-20 minutes.
- When the rolls are done top with frosting of your choice.
- Note: For a real treat replace raisins in the filling with chopped dried cherries, blueberries or strawberries.
- Yield: A full 9x13 pan.
Most Helpful
These are awesome. I made it non-dairy substituting almond milk for the milk and oil for the butter, and I used non-dairy margarine for the butter in the filling. I used both the raisins and the walnuts in the filling.
Awesome dough but needs to be more cinnamon-y. Made 16 rolls in a lasagna pan. Refrigerated overnight, then set out about 1.5 hours before cooking. Timer stopped working but when top was brown the inside was still too gooey, so flipped over and cooked about 7 minutes more. Frosted hot so it melted in.
Really, really good! This is easy to follow and super simplified with the bread maker. I made a cream cheese glaze from 1 pkg of cream cheese, 1 c. butter, 1 tsp vanilla extract & 3 cups confectioner's sugar. Makes a very full 9X13 pan. Will make them again- when I have a bigger crowd.


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The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
43:13 cubits. See note 40:5.
altar. The altar was built as a series of platforms, each smaller than the one below, similar to a step-pyramid or ziggurat. The ancient rabbis had many discussions about this altar since its construction contradicted the command that the altar should not have steps (Ex. 20:24–26).


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Organ society meets Saturday
The Chevalier Theatre Organ Society will hold its annual meeting on Saturday at 1:30 p.m. at the Medford Historical Society, 10 Governors Ave. The meeting is open to the public. The guest speaker will be Gary Phillips, a principal at GHP Associates, an Attleboro company that specializes in restoring orchestral organs. The nonprofit was formed to raise money to restore and maintain a vintage 1922 pipe organ at the 2,061-seat theater, which is owned by the city. The society so far has raised $34,000 of its $55,000 fund-raising goal.
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The latest news, notes and analysis on the Marquette men's basketball team
MU 70, No. 19 UConn 68
Hartford, Conn. -- Lacking both a signature win and a road win, the Marquette Golden Eagles finally earned both in one fell swoop on Saturday afternoon.
Jimmy Butler's fallaway jumper with 2.4 seconds remaining was the difference, as MU outlasted the No. 19 Connecticut Huskies, 70-68, at the XL Center despite playing the final 1:51 without Lazar Hayward, who had fouled out.
The win sparked a jubilant celebration at mid-court by the Golden Eagles, who finally came out on the right end of a last-second affair after a number of near misses.
Butler's 21 points led MU (13-8, 4-5 Big East), while Hayward added 20 and Darius Johnson-Odom 15 as the Golden Eagles overcame 38.1% shooting and a minus-19 differential on the boards by committing just three turnovers in the game, and just one in the final 20 minutes.
MU also turned UConn (13-8, 3-5) over 16 times, turning those miscues into 19 points.
Jerome Dyson led the Huskies with 18 points, while Kemba Walker added 15 and Stanley Robinson 13 for UConn, which one week earlier had knocked off the No. 1 Texas Longhorns.
The Golden Eagles opened the second half by knocking down 3 threes in the first 2:19 to open their lead back up to 10 at 43-33. The Huskies responded with a 13-4 run to get to within 47-46 at the 12:32 mark.
MU opened things back up a bit with a 7-2 run to make it 54-48, but Walker responded with six straight points -- and eight over a span of just less than 3:00 -- to pull UConn even for the first time since the 12:38 mark of the first half and get the crowd back into the game.
The Huskies then took their first lead since the opening 2 1/2 minutes of the game on their next possession on a putback by Oriakhi. MU hung tough, either leading or remaining within a basket the rest of the way, and was tied at 63-63 when Hayward was whistled for his fifth foul and sent from the game.
The Golden Eagles tied it at 65-65 on a pair of Butler free throws with 1:28 left, and looked to be in good shape after Butler swatted a layup attempt by Walker on the other end. But the ball bounced hard off the floor and back to the Huskies, and with the shot clock winding down Dyson nailed a long three from the top of the key to make it 68-65 with 54.8 seconds remaining.
MU called a timeout, and got a break when Johnson-Odom pump-faked Dyson on the right wing and was fouled, earning three free throws. Johnson-Odom hit all three to tie it at 68-68 with 41.0 seconds left.
Walker then airballed a runner in the lane on the other end, the Golden Eagles rebounded and called timeout with 12.6 seconds left to set up a final play. The ball eventually made its way to Butler, who, with the play already having gone awry worked his way to the right of the basket with time winding down.
With 6-foot-10 Gavin Edwards in his mug, Butler launched a fallaway jumper from about 12 feet and drained it with 2.4 seconds left. UConn called timeout with 2.4 seconds left and got the ball to Edwards at the top of the key. Looking immediately to pass it back to a cutter, Edwards instead had the ball batted away by Johnson-Odom and the clock ran out, spaking a mad celebration by the Golden Eagles near midcourt.
MU shot just 32.4% in the first half yet led by as many as 13 points thanks to 5 three-pointers and nine offensive rebounds leading to 12 points. The Golden Eagles also forced the Huskies into nine turnovers, leading to 10 points, while committing just two themselves.
Defensively they managed to mitigate UConn's tremendous size advantage to the point that the Huskies managed just one field goal over a span of 9:17 despite often times utilizing a frontcourt that consisted of the 6-9 Robinson, 6-11 Ater Majok and 6-9 Alex Oriakhi.
MU's lead was 34-21 on a putback by Butler with 3:05, which prompted a loud chorus of boos from a crowd unhappy with UConn's listless play. Perhaps it woke the Huskies up, because they responded by closing out the half on an 8-0 run to cut the Golden Eagles' lead to 34-29 heading into the locker room.
MU wasn't helped by the fact it played the final few minutes without Hayward and Butler, each of whom had two fouls.
Butler led the Golden Eagles with 12 points, and Hayward and Johnson-Odom added nine points apiece. All nine of Hayward's points came from beyond the arc. Robinson led the Huskies with seven points.
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Kids Run Free RichmondToday
Kids Run Free is a charity that provides free and fun running opportunities for children. Our Richmond event takes place on the first Saturday of every month at Marble Hill Park!
ARThouse Open Studios 20th Anniversary Festival 2015Today
From 26-28 June & 3-5 July 2015 artists will be showcasing their work in a range of unique spaces across the borough for the 20th ARThouse Open Studios Festival!
Rock Weekend Brunch ClubToday
The Rock & Rose add an excellent new event to the weekend breakfast scene...
Team Spirit: Rugby, Rowing and BeyondToday
This energetic exhibition looks at the local, national and international history of cricket, rowing, rugby and much more
Twickenham Farmers' MarketToday
Come to Twickenham Farmers' Market in Heron Square for your farm produce.
RHS Hampton Court Palace Flower Show 2015Today
The world's largest annual garden show returns to Hampton Court Palace for its 25th Anniversary Show from 30th June to 5th July
Papiermache Sculpture and Still Life Drawing showToday
Come and be amazed by what can be done with paper and imagination ! Papiermache Sculptures by The Papiermachistas and Black and White Still Life drawings by the Cambrian Centre Drawing Group .
Eel Pie Island Summer Open StudiosToday
The artists of Eel Pie Island in Twickenham open their doors this weekend with artistically charming gift ideas.
Kew Village Market05/07/2015
Over thirty stalls selling fresh food and imaginative crafts produced or made in Kew, Richmond or Surrey in a very friendly atmosphere on the first Sunday of each month.
The Phoenix Festival05/07/2015
Ten hours of live blues, rock and soul for just £10 at the famous Crawdaddy Club venue. All proceeds going to The Genesis Research Trust headed by Lord Robert Winston who will be at the event.


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: Ruby hack:
Pokémon Dragonstone Version
View Single Post
March 1st, 2013 (01:14 PM).
It's my day off
Platinum Tier
Join Date: Nov 2009
Posts: 4,928
About the Title of the Hack
I know people are wondering
I decided to call this hack Pokémon
I was running through the list of F2P and P2P stones from an MMORPG called RuneScape, and realized that almost all of them were taken (even lesser stones like Topaz, Jade, and Opal). But then I remembered the one fictional stone that sat in line between Onyx and Diamond -
. It was purple--which I liked--and it also represented wealth in a way. To add to that, it fit well with Dratini, which was my planned mascot--hence the purple title screen.
So there you have it - I hope that clears up any confusion over this hack's name.
Server Administrator
at the
ROMHack.me IRC
Network Administrator
Cave of Origin IRC
We're a dedicated group of ROM hackers and are part of a loose-knit community. Come and join us, here or there!
Pokémon Citrite Version
In a world riddled with mysteries and turmoil, how will you get by?
View Public Profile
Send a private message to Nick
Find all posts by Nick
Find threads started by Nick
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As much as the Seahawks have raved about running back Christine Michael, he's been very inconsistent, per the Seattle Times.
But he still is inconsistent. He fumbled twice in his first two exhibition games. Against San Diego, he picked up a blitzing linebacker and stopped him cold. On another play, he forgot to help tackle Alvin Bailey block before going out for a pass — what's known as chipping.
"You might see the great cut one time and then not the next, and it's the exact same scenario," offensive-line coach Tom Cable said. "He comes across and makes a great pickup and then he's supposed to chip and then, 'Oh, I'm going to get out for my route and, oops, I forgot to chip.' It's just being able to put a good play together and then a good one the next time and the next time. When that becomes his habit, then he owns it. Right now, he doesn't own it."


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Continuing Education for Professionals
Visit the course listings page to view educational opportunities for healthcare professionals, including accredited CME and CNE programs, hosted throughout New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine. Regularly Scheduled Series such as grand rounds and case conferences are also offered.
To join the educational events mailing list, please sign up here.
Featured Conference
Autumn in New England Otolaryngology Update
October 16-17, 2015
Lake Morey Resort, Fairlee, Vermont
For more information please visit the event web page.
Mission and Vision
Our Mission:
To advance health and improve patient care through health sciences education and research.
Our Vision:
To achieve the healthiest population possible, leading the transformation of health sciences education and research in our region, and setting the standard for our nation.


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The Community Foundation connects donors, nonprofits and community leaders to strengthen the Atlanta region through philanthropy. In doing so, we are creating a healthier region today and for generations to come.
Each year, we offer a wide variety of education and engagement opportunities for our donors. These events are designed to connect you to the issues in our community and help you make a greater impact through your giving.
At The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta, we know that thriving communities are communities that actively participate in philanthropy and civic engagement. Learn about results from a recent study on civic life in metro Atlanta.
We believe in the power of philanthropy to change communities and are partners with the United Way of Greater Atlanta on this weekly blog. Presented by the SaportaReport, it's free to subscribe.
Achieve Atlanta, an independent initiative to dramatically increase the number of Atlanta students completing post-secondary education, will launch this fall under the leadership of Executive Director Tina Fernandez.
The Clayton Fund, a local fund of The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta, recognized four nonprofits who received grants as the featured program at the Rotary Club of Clayton meeting in Jonesboro. Grantees inspired the crowd as they shared how the funds will be used to further their mission in Clayton County.
The Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta announced today its board's approval of $3,011,203 in grants and support to local nonprofit organizations.
Nepal and the surrounding countries have been struck by the second major earthquake in a month, making the need for resources even greater. Learn how you can help.
Choose an area below to learn more about characteristics of nonprofit effectiveness


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Zine Mint Windbreaker Jacket
Item # 223623
Buy1 Get1 Free
Stash Points: 1,997
What is this?This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.
The Zine Girls Mint windbreaker jacket is a lightweight jacket that will protect from light rains and winds.
|More Details


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20 of 22 people found the following review helpful
Really good read,
Verified Purchase(What is this?)
This review is from: In the Blood: A Genealogical Crime Mystery #1 (Jefferson Tayte) (Kindle Edition)
I was a little dubious of the reviews for this book, the price was almost too good to be true for a half decent read. But it just goes to show that money isn't everything. This is a cracking good mystery story, a real page turner & I not only thoroughly enjoyed it but would definitely recommend it. In fact I have....to my family, friends & even a stranger on the bus!
The inventive storyline had me hooked from the start, the characters were well drawn & the plot well thought through.
The only reason I've not given it 5 stars is because I found it a little bit rambling in places which is probably a bit harsh as I believe this is the author's first book.
Give this book a go - at this price what have you got to lose?
Review Details
Location: Wirral, United Kingdom
Top Reviewer Ranking: 15,468


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Man in standoff faces new chargesJuly 22,2014
Man in standoff
faces new charges
NEWPORT Authorities say a Vermont man who was armed with a rifle on his roof has violated his probation and has been indicted by a federal grand jury on charges in a separate case.
Last September, Derrick Niles said he was surrounded by hundreds of nonexistent police officers and retreated to his roof, where he held officers at bay for several hours. Niles pleaded not guilty to misdemeanor counts of reckless endangerment and disorderly conduct and received a one-year deferred sentence.
The Caledonian Record reported that hes now scheduled to be sentenced July 29 on a probation violation.
Niles was indicted in late May after police allege he forced his way into his estranged wifes home in March.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER In response to impending spray treatments of herbicides on a portion of the railroad... Full StoryCRAFTSBURY In honor of September being designated Vermonts official Cleanup Month, three... Full StoryVt. seeks to curb Full Story
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- Most Emailed


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Store Hours
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We are available to take your call or chat online during store hours.
Cowen Mocha 3 Piece Sectional
With the set-back rolled arms and plush seating and back cushions, the Cowen Collection uses warm earth-toned fabric surrounding an inviting contemporary design to create a sectional perfect for any home.
Dimensions:Height - " Width - " Depth - "
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Soho 2 Piece Sleeper Sectional
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