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37 year old man | Phoenix, AZ, USA | Seeking women 27-34 within 50 miles
Active within 24 hours
Here I am
Must be my Aspergers flaring up, but is it really this difficult to find someone? In my mind, which I know the world does not work this way but maybe it should, the conversation goes like this: Guy: Hi 🙋 I like you, do you like me? Girl: No Guy: (shrugs) Okay 👌 (goes to another girl 👧 he likes): Hi 🙋 I like you, do you like me? Girl: Yes, lets make out! Boom! Done, how difficult is that? I have been steadily employed since I was seventeen, I'm easy going, good with kids, I don't curse (or very rarely), sporadically creative, no drugs (ever), no smoking (ever), I'm honest, I have the curse of having to act with fairness and I think I'm romantic. I tend to be serious or feel responsible for things, even when I'm acting like a goofball. I play devil's advocate quite often even in situations that I may agree, to build on the discourse. I have two sisters, one older, one younger and I tend to treat any woman I meet like I would treat them I know I'm not the guy with six pack abs. I am the guy with a big heart... ok that's too much cheese... I love stories. I read a lot. I also have a collection of shorts I've written over the years. I don't like gorey movies, Sci-Fi is great Serenity is my favorite movie, if you wanna see me cry like my dog just died watch Wreck-it Ralph with me. That movie gets me every time. I canceled cable, so I fill my time right now going to school (again), playing with my dog, or home improvement projects. Most recently I finished the firepit in the back yard. Next will be laying the paving for the barbeque/patio area. Then the lawn, right now my back yard looks like the Sahara
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Hockey, Martial arts, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
Dogs are cool
Middle of the Road
I can get my groove on anytime, any place
Stories - epic, romantic, real, surreal, captivating stories will hold my attention unlike anything else.
Oh all the fun things
Your diary, Brad really gave you an STD?
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'1" (185cms)
|4'4" (132cms) to 7'3" (220cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
|No preference
I play with computers and the suckers pay me for it
|$50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
None of your business, stop being racist
|I'll tell you later
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Some college
|No preference
I prefer smarty pants women, Einstein in a skirt would be awesome! (hopefully without the moustache)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Select Local Merchants
Olan MillsRead MoreArmed with an army of innovative and certified shutterbugs, Olan Mills Portrait Studio provides families with high-quality portraits, continuing a mission that was established more than 75 years ago by founder Olan Mills Sr. Skilled in the art of capturing infants, children, families, and bunny-ears-giving ghost orbs on film, Olan Mills's experienced smile snappers will take a series of poses amid a variety of backgrounds and lighting options. The studio is equipped with a selection of props—including numbers for birthdays, toys, and boxes—and patrons may bring their own photo-enlivening items from home. The resulting photos find their way to prints in natural color, black and white, or sepia tones; they can also be immortalized in the studio's signature Old Masters style, a canvas brushed with highlights to recreate look of an oil painting. Like the gentlemanly mariners of ages past with their full schedule of sea-battles, the photographers welcome appointments, but do not require them.1905 N Jackson StTullahoma, TN US
Mid Tenn Motorcycle Education CenterRead MoreAt Mid Tenn Motorcycle Education Center, nationally certified instructors impart the secrets to safe and street-legal riding. Through their basic courses, students step in on Saturday and leave on Sunday with the comprehensive knowledge and skills to bypass the written and driving portions of the state licensing test. The instructors spread tutelage across 5 classroom hours and 10 hours of on-cycle instruction. More advanced students can dip into one-day, six-hour experienced-rider courses to practice precision handling, advanced braking, and dodging squirrels. The school also hosts women-only classes that teach terminology and skills free of testosterone-induced wheelie popping.1 William L Jones Dr.Cookeville, TN US
Holiday InnRead MoreHoliday Inn has the best amenities around. Enjoy Holiday Inn when you stay in Cookeville. Take your work down to the business center and enjoy a comfortable work environment. Save your data usage and connect to the complimentary wifi at Holiday Inn. Work those muscles at the hotel's complimentary fitness center! Love to swim where you stay? Holiday Inn has you covered. Their in-house pool is available for all guests. Save your dollars. Holiday Inn cooks you breakfast, all for free. The hotel restaurant serves up tasty and fresh meals for every part of the day. Safely park your car with ease at one of the nearby parking facilities and enjoy easy in-and-out parking.1228 Bunker Hill RdCookeville, TN US
The Art MillRead MoreVisitors to The Art Mill find everything they need to create an original work of art. Founded by Scott Harris, each of the three studio locations features a separate calendar of classes, which take place nearly every day of the week. During painting sessions, clients grab provided brushes and take aim at canvases, following the teacher's step-by-step instructions to complete colorful floral scenes.113 W Broad StCookeville, TN US
BounceU MurfreesboroRead MoreInflated structures, slides, and games fill the climate-controlled environs of BounceU of Nashville's location. Staff members closely monitor all activities as little ones traverse obstacle courses or pull on oversized inflatable boxing gloves. The crew also invites parents to join in on the fun, letting them bounce alongside their kids or make sweeping edicts from atop a bouncy-castle throne. In addition to open sessions, the indoor play haven sets the stage for Daily Create and Bounce Summer Camps programs that teach art lessons and group activities. Special events include parent's night out, which lets parents spend an evening away from their kids, and cosmic bounce, which turns the facility into a black-lit arena to illuminate any lost socks.1222 Park AvenueMurfreesboro, TN US
Murfreesboro Symphony OrchestraRead MoreThe Murfreesboro Symphony Orchestra sets the mood for the holiday season with a compilation of festive favorites led by guest conductor Joseph Hermann. Douse your ear canal with musical eggnog as violins pluck their strings and glockenspiels spiel their glocks to "O Holy Night," "Sleigh Ride," selections from The Nutcracker, and other aural wintertime classics. Special guests include the Riverdale High School Singers and soloist Diane Pulte, both of whom will stuff sensory stockings with quarter notes and treble clefs throughout the mellifluous evening. From your premiere seat in the majestic First United Methodist Church, you'll enjoy an up-close view of the professional symphony musicians as they coax your body into Yuletide-tinged hums, foot stomps, and restrained reindeer impersonations.265 W Thompson LnMurfreesboro, TN US


text:
Sinatra at his awesome best. This song and dozens of others accompanied every dinner I ate between the ages of five and thirteen. My stepfather, an amateur saxophone player and a hell of a mambo dancer, had put together one of the all time great collections of popular music recordings anywhere. So, to my good fortune, we dined each night with the likes of Ol' Blue Eyes, Judy Garland, Nat "King" Cole, Rosemary Clooney, Louis Prima and Keely Smith and every other singer that ever performed on Capitol, Decca or R.C.A. records.
Edited by IRONICtypo on 15 Aug 2010, 18:19
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Fourth Of July: 10 Favorite Films From Amazon
Disney Stars Reveal Fourth Of July Traditions
Matt Damon's Ponytail
Jon Bernthal
Affleck Talks Being Batman
Josh Hartnett's New Role: Dad!
Marisa Tomei Joins 'Empire'
Meghan Trainor Delays Shows
Women In Film Stars Honored At Crystal + Lucy Awards
Author Michael Starr Releases Biography 'Ringo: With a Little Help'
2015 Monte Carlo Film Festival's Glamourous Style
'Ten Thousand Saints' (First Look)
MyHabit Style Finds
Kim Slams Embryo Rumors
Nicole Trunfio's Quest To Normalize Breastfeeding
Nicole Trunfio Defends Breastfeeding ELLE Cover
Nick Jonas On Music Success
Mira Sorvino's Fight To End Human Trafficking
Bryan Safi On Being Part Of 'Surreal' Project 'A Deadly Adoption'
January 29, 2013 04:09 PM EDT
Drake is now a massive music star, but he's still down to hang with his former "Degrassi: The Next Generation" co-stars.
The rapper reunited with Shane Kippel, who played Spinner on the popular Canadian series, over the weekend.
"Reunited at last. Good seeing you brother!" Shane Tweeted, posting a shot of himself and rapper.
Shane has the honor of appearing alongside Drake in his early days of rapping.
Check out Shane Kippel's character, Spinner, and Drake's Jimmy Brooks character free styling and showing off their lyric skills in a clip from Season 3 of their teen series, HERE!
-- Jesse Spero
Copyright 2015 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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34 year old man | Miami, FL, USA | Seeking women 25-39 within 20 miles
Im a sucker for a great smile
This is like a weird essay question on a final exam...I have no idea what to write about. Let me see... I'm excited by life and experiences...some days, the world is vast and delicate and other days, everyone gets on my nerves. My friends say I'm blunt and impulsive, when really, all my moves are calculated. Some say I?m eccentric; I think they?re right. But I have to say what?s on my mind and it?s usually weird and perverse?don?t get offended by my constant sexual innuendos. I go a mile a minute and talk about10 different things at the same time...but I?m a lot of fun to listen to. I?m opinionated and that can be intimating, but I wouldn?t have it any other way. Knowledge is power; I read all the time, even if it?s the featured article on Wikipedia, and I love to learn...where my nerds at? I think I?m a little complicated, but if you?re a girl that wants something simple then that probably means that you?re not complex enough for me (no pun intended to the simple people.) Do you like good food? Well that?s great, because there?s a rumor going around that I?m a fantastic cook. I think I got it from my momma. I?m not looking to jump into a relationship 20 minutes after a first date, but I am looking for a girl that is not afraid to get to know me despite everything I just mentioned. I think we (men and women) waste too much damn time analyzing why the other did what they did and how you should react so that they can think what you want them to think and not what you really mean. Qualities in a perfect girl: honesty, balanced, motivated, complex...basically, my equal. I want someone who is not scared to be real. There are way too many pretentious folks out there and I am looking to steer clear of cliche?s.
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Other types of exercise, Running, Skiing, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses, Other
Middle of the Road
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'11" (180cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No preference
|No preference
|Sales / Marketing
|No preference
|$100,001 to $150,000
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live away from home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No preference
|Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|I'll tell you later
|No preference


text:
Oomp Camp Radio Comes To Lake Charles Friday Night June 19th With DJ Jelly [NSFW , VIDEO]
DJ Jelly and the Southern Style DJ's will be taking over the radio on Friday Night June 19th in Lake Charles
DJ Jelly and the Southern Style DJ's will be taking over the radio on Friday Night June 19th in Lake Charles
From 'Dirty Mind' to 'Planet Earth' and more, check out Worst to Best: Every Prince Album Ranked.
The hip-hop community is mourning the loss of yet another one of their own. Indie rapper Pumpkinhead has passed away at the age of 39.
The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air theme song is one of the most memorable ones. What if the song was done with a blues twist?
The monthly Oak Park Neighborhood Watch meeting is tonight at the Bellard Recreation Center (formally Hillcrest Community Center) beginning at 5:30 p.m.
Today in Tha Wire Snoop Dogg sues Colt 45 over royalties from his endorsement and Akon provides electricity for more than 600 million in Africa.
Guy causes havoc on fast moving train and he almost kills himself.
Richard Sherman is inserted right into the upcoming "Jurassic World" film, and it's like he's really in the film.
Wale's latest video is right out of a movie, as he crashes the wedding of his former lady love.
Check out this classic video clip of the late Chad "Pimp C" Butler explaining how his parter in rhyme Bun B influenced him when they were growing up.
It's been much harder than last year to select the Best Hip-Hop Albums of 2015 (So Far), but we delivered. Check out some of the top-tier releases in hip-hop in the last six months.
J Paul Jr and The Zydeco Nu Breed will be live in concert this Friday night at the KPC Hall for one night.


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Recently I was commissioned again to make new designs for women's and men's t-shirt collections by Teelocker, Hong-Kong based clothing label. So here's a design for men's t-shirt line.
Teelocker's written with a folded pen, "Art in everyday life" is drawn with a gel pen.
More Sergey Shapiro
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Real Estate Mathematics: Applied Analytics and Quantitative Methods for Private Real Estate Investment
McCarthy, William P. J., Real Estate Issues
RECOMMENDED READING Real Estate Mathematics: Applied Analytics and Quantitative Methods for Private Real Estate Investment by David J. Lynn, Ph.D., CRE, with Tim Wang, Ph.D. (©2011, PEI, 250 pages)
THERE IS AN EXCELLENT NEW ADDITION to the already crowded collection of texts on real estate math and its applications entitled Real Estate Mathematics: Applied Analytics and Quantitative Methods for Private Real Estate Investment. The Counselors of Real Estate® can take pride in the fact that five Counselors contributed excellent chapters to it, and one, David J. Lynn, also served as co-editor.
Real Estate Mathematics, published last year by the Private Equity Institute (PEI) presents in nineteen detailed, yet succinct chapters what its subtitle states: an applied analytical and quantitative method for private real estate investment. The publication of this book is timely, as is its structure and format. For real estate markets to improve and to avoid the nonsense and corruption that led to the global meltdown in markets will require a return to solid real estate analysis and the application of tested real estate mathematics, calculations and measurements. These standards, used by skilled and ethical practitioners, are the best safeguard against bad practices, behavior and results.
More than 25 leading real estate experts contributed to this publication. These include our five fellow CREs whose chapter contributions give a flavour to both the quality of the writers and the text as a whole.
David J. Lynn, CRE, managing director, senior strategist and generalist portfolio manager, Clarion Partners, New York City, co-edited the book and wrote the chapter on "Distressed Debt Investing" (co-authored with fellow editor Tim Wang). This chapter is an excellent primer to the characteristics of distressed debt, especially in light of recent developments and practices. The authors provide practical investment strategies that capitalize on the increasing amounts of distressed debt on banks' balance sheets. The chapter illustrates how either loan-to-own or hold-to-maturity purchasing approaches for distressed debt investments can be utilized in today's markets.
Hugh F. Kelly, CRE, 2012 CRE vice chair and clinical professor of real estate, New York University Schack Institute of Real Estate, Brooklyn, N.Y., contributed the chapter entitled "Real Estate Investment, Capital Structure." Kelly's chapter focuses on the concept of capital structuring and its consistent reliance on debt financing which, so long as the debt is prudently structured and adequately hedged, can serve as a means of maximizing real estate values for a variety of investor types. Using detailed mathematics and capital structuring, Kelly shows how various strategies, including hybrid capital structuring can prudently utilize both debt and equity financings.
Scott R. Muldavin, CRE, president, The Muldavin Company, Inc., San Rafael, Calif., wrote the chapter "Special Considerations in Sustainable Property Financial Analysis." This chapter is both analytical and topical, as sustainable property investment is increasingly in vogue and will likely remain so going forward. The chapter focuses on the author's six steps towards analyzing and refining the qualitative nature of their research, and which will produce viable results considering the effects of sustainability.
Roy J. Schneiderman, CRE, principal, Bard Consulting LLC, San Francisco, co-authored with Dean Altshuler, the chapter entitled "Key Considerations in Joint-Venture Projects." The approach of this chapter focuses on cash flow issues, and their critical importance on various types of joint venture projects including single and multi-asset projects and programmatic joint ventures. …


text:
Legal Assistants
Death Penalty, Non-Sequiturs, Politics, Women's Issues
* Dear readers, legal pundits, regular pundits, and the public at large: Please stop with this nonsense of how Sandra Fluke should sue Rush Limbaugh. Because I swear to God, if you guys make me indirectly defend Limbaugh, I will wear you guys out like the dirty little sluts you are. [Politico]
* Which founding partner of a major law firm has abs of steel? [Dealbreaker]
* A ranking of top moot court programs. I wouldn't be surprised if the schools that are best at moot court are the schools that spend the most time lying to their students about how there's a single goddamn employer out there who cares about moot court. [TaxProf Blog]
* People think I hate cops, but I have nothing on Republicans in the Indiana House of Representatives. Those guys are such cop haters that they want to pass a law to make it okay to kill them if they enter your house. All I want is to be able to get away with saying "yo' mama" if they try to falsely arrest you in your own home. [Recess Appointments]
* This legal assistant reminds me of what Lane Pryce might have said if he had been sacked for a job as a legal assistant. [Roll on Friday]
* Really, it's the pro-death penalty crowd that wants us to be more like Communist China. [A Public Defender]
* Congratulations to the new leaders at Ms. JD. [Ms. JD]
* Michigan man sues movie theater for overpriced snacks. He's not suing for amount they charge to see movies over the past atrocious season, he just wants to spend less while he's sucking down Goobers and watching them. (One quick side note on the Oscars 'cause I was sick last week: F*** you, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Maybe they should re-release Margin Call with Zach Quinto replaced by a French mime so you guys might notice something at least 1% of this country cares about.) [Huffington Post]
Crime, Drinking, Midsize Firms / Regional Firms, Paralegals, Police, Pregnancy / Paternity, Rape, Sex, Sex Scandals
Greg Kelly Won't Be Charged with Rape, But Who Is His Accuser? Where Did It All Go Down?
Greg Kelly, the popular television host, has been cleared of his rape allegations — he won't even face charges. When word of the rape accusation first hit the presses, all we knew was that it had allegedly taken place at a "lower Manhattan law firm." Well, now we know the name of the accuser, and the name of the "downtown law firm" where the alleged rape occurred….
Turning Controversy into Profitable Applesauce for Law Firms
The last few weeks have seen a spate of big announcements from the Supreme Court. Whether you consider them "jiggery pokery" or strong jurisprudence, the effects of these recent decisions will be creating further work and litigation for years. The controversy courted by the Justices is some of the best business development lawyers could have […]
Biglaw, Bonuses, California, Cheapness, Money, Paralegals, Secretaries / Administrative Assistants
Is the Staff Getting the Short End of the Stick at Baker & McKenzie?
Without paralegals, legal assistants, legal secretaries, clerks, and receptionists, the entire Biglaw model could come to a screeching halt. That being said, we were a little bit shocked when we learned about what is allegedly happening at one of the world's largest law firms, Baker & McKenzie. Apparently some members of the support staff aren't getting the kind of support they need….


text:
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Regular skin cares awaken your sense of beauty and well being. Your skin is the key to good health and happiness.
Day Spa
Online bookings let you pick date/time for your visit.
If you purchase an eVoucher you will need to book with the venue directly.
Our old Wahanda Gift Vouchers can still be redeemed at over 3,000 locations. Use them to pay as you would with cash. Please note, the Wahanda Gift Voucher's successor – the Wahanda Gift Card – can only be used for online purchases.


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You can help the DC School of Law Foundation, a 501(c)(3) tax exempt charitable organization, support UDC David A. Clarke School of Law's public interest mission by making a tax-deductible donation to one or more of the Foundation's funds listed below! The online credit card system is quick, easy and secure - and you can decide when and how you want to donate. You need not log in to donate. If you would prefer to submit your donation by fax or mail, please print a Donation Form (.pdf).
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12 hours agoProf. Ferguson Asks 'What's The Most American Thing You Can Do?' On Cnn.com
7/13/2015Tex. Dept. Housing and Comm. Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project
9/10/2015Edgar Cahn Social Justice Award
UDC David A. Clarke School of Law
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(Mailing: 4200 Connecticut Ave NW)
Washington, DC 20008
Phone: (202) 274-7400
Fax: (202) 274-5583
Connect with the School of Law


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http://lpilinux.com – System (HowTos)
http://lpilinux.com – System (HowTos)
http://lpilinux.com – Tor Browser Bundle for GNU/Linux is now available for x86 and x86_64 architectures in 12 languages. (HowTos)
http://lpilinux.com – OPRAH WINFREY VIRUS: Your 200MB hard drive suddenly shrinks to 80MB, and then slowly expands back to 200MB. AT&T VIRUS: Every three minutes it tells you what great service you are getting. (HowTos)
http://lpilinux.com – The rapid explosion in the popularity of Twitter has resulted in a plethora of desktop Twitter clients being available. However, there is one client, Histwi, which claims to be different from the rest. (HowTos)
http://gamblis.com – The main reason why people allergy to Linux. Read this post to know why.Yes, this is what I feel right now. To me, Linux is such a damn good OS. Its not only powerful, but also nice and configurable. (Distributions)
http://ubuntuguide.net – There's a CS-like game called AssaultCube which is available in Ubuntu Lucid (10.04) repository.You can get it by searching assaultcube in Ubuntu Software Center. (HowTos)
http://gamblis.com – If you need to check the file checksum integrity of your downloaded files, you can easily use the File Checksum Integrity Verifier 2.05. This software is used to calculate or check MD5 or SHA1 cryptographic hashes on a given file. This tool is running using DOS interface on Windows. (Distributions)
http://gamblis.com – Sometimes I feel my computer is slowing down after being used for several hours. I am using Windows XP Sp3. Every program is running very slow and non responsive. Then I try to use this free memory booster software called Uniture Memory Booster. (Distributions)
http://linuxfilesystem.com – Though it's managed to make a business out of free software, Red Hat is vulnerable to the competition. For more Morningstar Videos, please visit: www.morningstar.com (General)
http://fullcirclemagazine.org – Full Circle Podcast #3: Hail the Mental Mongoose! The podcast is in MP3 and OGG formats. You can either play the podcast in-browser if you have Flash and/or Java, or you can download the podcast with the link underneath the player. File Sizes: OGG 25.9Mb mp3 37.3Mb Runtime: 58 minutes 52 seconds (Distributions)


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100 Days & Counting For UT3 Linux Client
Published on 27 February 2008 08:15 AM EST
Written by
Michael Larabel
Add A Comment
It's with much disesteem that today marks 100 days since the release of
Unreal Tournament 3
and there still is no UT3 Linux client available or any word when it may be released. A port is
being worked on
and there has been a
UT3 Linux server
build, but any Linux (or Mac) demo/client has yet to be released. The UT3 v1.0 server was released to the public
almost a month late
Epic's Unreal Tournament 3 Linux client has been held up in legal problems, which we initially believed were related to the
physics engine
, but
AGEIA said it wasn't PhysX
. Ryan Gordon, the one responsible for the Unreal Tournament Linux ports, has yet to provide the Linux gaming community with any status update or respond to our inquiries. Last week though a v1.2 Linux server build was released.
If/when the UT3 Linux client ever becomes available or we have new information on the matter, we'll be sure to
notify you
. There is also an active discussion going on in the forums on
UT3 for Linux
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text: We went their twice-- once for dinner and once for drinks. I ordered the shrimp curry and she cooked it for me without potatoes (since I'm allergic--and she understood that!!) and it came out in a full coconut. She even included the extra that wouldn't fit in the coconut on the side. And it was... read more


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This Week's Front Page
McKenna Jackson shoots a jumper.
(Photo by Dan Trujillo)
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text:
I had no idea that these gardens existed! A real pleasure to visit. Much larger than I was expecting.
At walking distance from the city centre. The touristic departement of the city has a small lay-out with a tour with all most important things to visit, including the bridge end garden.
You can enter the garden through a small path (which also give entrance to the art gallery).
The garden has a lovely box garden, a walled vegetable and...
A lovely garden well worth a visit, very pretty in spring and no doubt even better in the summer and autumn. The maze had us beat at first but we returned to give it a second try and managed it, with a little help!
The only down side to our visit was the state of the toilet pan, it was...
The whole park was ablaze with colour and easy to access a real delight and the hedge maze was fun a lot of thought put into this garden
Bridge end gardens are a stunning representation of a traditional landscaped garden. With orchards and lawns as well as tranquility this is a magical escape from modern life. Additionally there is a maze at the end of the main garden. All free, although donations welcome. There is also an art gallery documenting a lot of local life.
The gardens here are beautiful, and the hedge maze is very fun!
Although it's certainly very nice to have a walk through the gardens if you're nearby, I wouldn't say that it's worth travelling to Saffron Walden especially for them.
We stumbled across the gardens and were so surprised. For a Saturday evening it was very quiet and peaceful. Those that work there obviously take great care and pleasure with the gardens.
We were in the area, so the family decided to visit bridge end gardens, we found trying to find them a nightmare but eventually we asked someone who kindly gave us directions, the gardens themselves were quite small & were pretty basic in their design so we decided to go to the main park as there was a maze!! Well...
Having visited the Fry Gallery (which you pass on the way to these lovely gardens), this was a "must" next stop. The gardens were larger and more varied than we expected. The only disappointment was that the maze was closed (don't know why).
Not worth travelling especially to SW to pay a visit, but well worth it if you are...
A well maintained and interesting garden worth visiting. It's a bit out of the way but worth the walk
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Boko Haram Leader Expresses Solidarity with Al-Qaeda-Affiliates, Fighters
The Nigeria-based Boko Haram released a video speech from its leader, Abu Bakr Shekau, expressing his group's solidarity with al-Qaeda-affiliates in Afghanistan, Iraq, North Africa, Somalia and Yemen, and threatening Nigerian security forces with death.
The Shabaab al-Mujahideen Movement continued to release updates about their September 21, 2013 attack against the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi,
Members of English-language jihadist forums expressed their enthusiasm for the Shabaab al-Mujahideen's attack against the Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya
An Islamic State (IS) fighter on Twitter claimed that the shooting at the "Draw Muhammad" event in Garland, Texas was carried out by two pro-IS individuals
The Shabaab al-Mujahideen Movement, al-Qaeda's branch in Somalia, claimed credit for the raid on the Maka al-Mukarama Hotel in the capital, Mogadishu,
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The Islamic State (IS) released a video of British captive John Cantlie giving a tour inside cities in Syria's Aleppo governorate, reporting from a
The Islamic State (IS) released a video of beheading Japanese hostage Kenji Goto Jogo.
Japanese Hostage Kenji Goto Jogo Says Rishawi Must be Presented at Turkish Border by Thursday Sunset or Jordanian Pilot will be Killed
An audio attributed to Japanese hostage Kenji Goto Jogo stated that the Jordanians must present Sajida al-Rishawi at the Turkish border by Thursday sunset,


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Juggling to "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"? Modern dance, to "Free as a Bird"? Perhaps not the usual stuff of a John Lennon tribute concert.
But looking at the wry, quirky smiles on Lennon's face as classic photos of the Beatle great alternated all evening long on a screen at the Beacon Theater, one couldn't help but think he would have thoroughly enjoyed himself.
Lennon, it's still startling to think, would have turned 70 last month — and so even though Friday's tribute was the 30th in a series,this one had a special feel. Produced by Theatre Within, a nonprofit arts group, the evening was a benefit for the Playing for Change Foundation, which builds music schools in poor areas of the world.
Among the big names this year: Cyndi Lauper, who performed "Across the Universe," a song she said had gotten her through some tough times. Then she recalled how, singing Beatles songs long ago with her sister, she would "be" John and her sister would stand in for Paul.
"Not this time, though," Lauper quipped, calling onstage a substitute "Paul" — none other than Jackson Browne — to collaborate on "A Day in the Life." Earlier, Browne had the somewhat graying crowd singing happily along to "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away."
Patti Smith was there, too, with a quirky rendition of "Strawberry Fields," before striking an emotional chord when she spoke of losing her husband. Yoko Ono, she said, was an example for her of how to carry on as a widow. So she serenaded Ono — with Lennon's "Oh Yoko," of course. (Ono was present via video message, telling the organizers: "John would have loved what you are doing.")
Dance, anyone? The Wendy Osserman company presented a free-flowing duet to "Free as a Bird," nicely capturing the whimsical song's mood. The evening's most curious offering, though, came from juggler and YouTube sensation Chris Bliss, who expertly plied his trade to "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds." On vocals: Joan Osborne and Maura Kennedy.
Osborne also provided a gritty, spirited rendition of "Hey Bulldog." But for sheer power, it was hard to beat Shelby Lynne's remarkably searing version of "Mother."
In other highlights, blues singer Keb' Mo' came on for a quietly soulful "In My Life," followed by crowd favorite Taj Mahal, who performed a rousing "Come Together" with his daughter, then called back Keb' Mo' for "You Can't Do That." Earlier in the show, Taj Mahal had joined with South Africa's Vusi Mahlasela on "Watching the Wheels." Aimee Mann was there with "I Didn't Mean to Hurt You," Martin Sexton with "Working Class Hero."
And the Playing for Change Band, musicians from across the globe who earned fame with a viral video of "Stand by Me," performed in snippets that were woven into a single performance, was there — first with a new video of Lennon's iconic "Imagine," and then with a live performance that included "All You Need is Love" and "Instant Karma."
At the end of the Theatre Within's 30th Annual John Lennon Tribute, the band was back — along with all the artists and the house band, led by Rich Pagano, for a rollicking finale. It ended, naturally, with perhaps Lennon's most famous words:
"All we are saying," the artists sang along with the audience, "is give peace a chance."
Copyright 2015 by Associated Press. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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A data processing circuit includes a digital data source having an output carrying a sequence of digital signals. A pre-filter is coupled to the output of the digital data source. The pre-filter has a first output that carries a second sequence of digital signals and a second output that carries a third sequence of digital signals. The second sequence of digital signals is time shifted relative to the third sequence of digital signals. The circuit also includes an interpolation circuit with a first input coupled to the first output of the pre-filter and a second input coupled to the second output of the pre-filter.
1. A data processing circuit comprising:
a digital data source having an output carrying a sequence of digital signals, the sequence of digital signals being spaced by a time period;
a pre-filter with an input coupled to the output of the digital data source, the pre-filter having a first output carrying a second sequence of digital signals and a second output carrying a third sequence of digital signals, the second sequence of digital signals being time shifted relative to the third sequence of digital signals; and
an interpolation circuit with a first input coupled to the first output of the pre-filter and a second input coupled to the second output of the pre-filter.
2. The circuit of
a phase detector with an input coupled to an output of the interpolation circuit;
a PI filter with an input coupled to an output of the phase detector;
an accumulator with an input coupled to an output of the PI filter, the accumulator having an output coupled to a third input of the interpolation circuit; and
a data detector with an input coupled to the output of the interpolation circuit.
3. The circuit of
4. The circuit of
5. The circuit of
6. The circuit of
a magnetic medium read head; and
an analog filter with an input coupled to an output of the magnetic medium read head, the analog filter having an output coupled to an input of the analog-to-digital converter.
7. The circuit of
8. The circuit of
9. The circuit of
10. The circuit of
11. The circuit of
12. The circuit of
a plurality of n multipliers, each multiplier having a first input and a second input, n being an integer greater than one;
a coefficient memory having at least n outputs, each output of the coefficient memory being coupled to a respective one of the multipliers at the first multiplier input;
a select circuit having at least n output nodes, each of the n output nodes being coupled to a respective one of the multipliers at the second multiplier input; and
a plurality of input nodes coupled to the select circuit such that at a first time each of the input nodes is coupled to a respective one of the output nodes of the select circuit and such that at a second time at least some of the input nodes are coupled to a different one of the output nodes of the select circuit.
13. A data processing circuit comprising:
a digital data source;
an interpolation circuit receiving digital signals from the digital data source;
a phase detector with an input coupled to an output of the interpolation circuit;
a PI filter with an input coupled to an output of the phase detector;
an accumulator with an input coupled to an output of the PI filter, the accumulator including an n-bit output coupled to the interpolation circuit; and
wherein the interpolation circuit includes a coefficient memory with an address input that receives no more than n−2 bits of the n-bit output of the accumulator.
14. The circuit of
15. The circuit of
16. The circuit of
17. A method of processing a digital data stream, the method comprising:
providing a stream of digital signals, the stream of signals having a period;
prefiltering the stream of digital signals such that a second stream of digital signals is generated and such that a third stream of digital signals is generated, the second stream of digital signals being time shifted relative to the third stream of digital signals;
applying the second stream of digital signals to a first series of delay elements so that at any particular time a selected number of signals are provided at a first plurality of nodes;
applying the third stream of digital signals to a second series delay elements so that at any particular time a selected number of signals are provided at a second plurality of nodes; and
applying the selected signals from either the second stream of digital signals or from the third stream of digital signals to a multiplier circuit.
This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/113,857 filed Dec. 24, 1998 and also to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/113,837 filed Dec. 24, 1998, which applications are incorporated herein by reference.
This application is related to commonly assigned, application Ser. No. 09/387,146 (99-AD-081) filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates generally to digital signal processing devices and specifically to an efficient interpolator for high speed timing recovery.
In most communication and storage systems, timing (or clocking) information is extracted from the received signal. This recovered timing information is often used to resample the received signal such that the detector in such a system can operate on samples that are synchronous to the data being received. This recovery is often achieved using a sampling device, such as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a sample and hold (S/H) circuit.
Both the ADC and the S/H circuit use a reclocking signal to sample a continuous waveform. The clock input of such a system is usually obtained from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The input signal controlling the VCO frequency can be used to change the sampling point on the continuous waveform.
In digital systems it is often desirable to sample the signal with an asynchronous clock and use digital signal processing to process the signal and recover the timing information. Such a system is described in papers by Gardner. Floyd M. Gardner, "Interpolation in Digital Modems-Part I: Fundamentals, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 41(6), June 1993, and Floyd M. Gardner, "Interpolation in Digital Modems-Part II: Implementation and Performance, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 41(6), June 1993.
The use of digital signal processing avoids the requirement of analog components in the timing recovery loop. Also digital processing, such as equalization, can be achieved before the timing information is recovered.
An important function of such a digital timing recovery system is a variable interpolator. This function produces an output signal which is a time shifted version of the input signal. The time shift is determined from a programmable input which in a timing recovery application may be required to change on a sample to sample basis. In particular, a frequency shift can be achieved by having a continuously varying time delay on the input.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an interpolator 10. Interpolator 10 receives a sequence of input signals X(kT) and time shifts this sequence by a time τk. The output of interpolator 10 provides a sequence of signals Y(kT−LT+τk-m). In practice the time shift input τk can adjust the delay over a limited range, usually one sample period T. Typically 0≦τ<T or −T/2≦τ<T/2.
A basic discrete time interpolation function can be implemented as shown in FIG. 2. The interpolator 10 includes a finite impulse response (FIR) filter 12 and a read only memory
FIR filter 12 receives input sequence Xk, which is applied to a group of serially coupled delay elements 16. Each delay element 16 provides an output that is one clock cycle delayed from its input. The timed sequence of signals X is provided to each of a number of multipliers 18. The multipliers receive a second input from ROM 14 and provide the results to summer (or adder) 20. The output of summer 20 is the sequence of signals Yk.
In operation, the time shifting is achieved by FIR filter 12. In order to provide a time shift to the input signal, the coefficients of the filter 12 should be a sin c function. In particular, for a time shift of τ the coefficients hk should be
where the sin c function is defined as
While an ideal interpolator response extends over an infinite length of time, in practice, the filter length will be truncated to a practical length. This can be achieved in particular when the system is oversampled or the energy in the signal is not spread equally over the whole signal band.
The coefficients of the filter change depending on the required time shift τ and may be calculated or looked up in a lookup table implemented by read only memory 14. FIG. 2 shows a ROM based lookup table. In this case, the number of possible values of τ is limited by the size of the ROM 14.
Recently a cost reduced interpolation scheme has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,984 issued Jun. 2, 1998 and entitled "Cost Reduced Interpolated Timing Recovery in a Sampled Amplitude Read Channel," incorporated herein by reference. This interpolator uses three parallel prefilters and a three-tap interpolator.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient implementation of an interpolation system that could be used in high speed timing recovery systems. The interpolator is intended for use in such systems as sampled magnetic recording read channels but may also be used in other high speed digital storage and communications channels, where sampling at close to, or equal to, the baud rate is required.
In a first aspect, the present invention discloses an interpolation circuit that includes n multipliers. Each multiplier receives inputs from a coefficient memory and a select circuit. The select circuit receives its inputs from a plurality of input nodes. These input nodes are taken from a digital data stream, possibly after some prefiltering. The select circuit is configured so that at a first time each of the input nodes is coupled to a respective one of the output nodes of the select circuit and such that at a second time at least some of the input nodes are coupled to a different one of the output nodes of the select circuit. In some embodiments, inclusion of the select circuit allows the size of the coefficient memory to be reduced.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a data processing circuit that can be used, for example, in a data recovery scheme. A digital data source outputs a sequence of digital signals. These digital signals are spaced by a time period. A pre-filter receives the digital signals and provides a second sequence of digital signals. The second sequence of digital signals is spaced by a second time period that is smaller than the first time period. An interpolation circuit receives the second sequence of digital signals and can operate on them. In one aspect, the interpolation circuit operates on five input signals at a time but does so with less than five multipliers.
The quality of an interpolator as disclosed here can be judged by a number of properties. For example, accuracy provides an indication of how closely the implementation matches an ideal interpolator. Another factor is latency. When used in a timing recovery loop, the loop acts to change the timing phase of the interpolator based on the output samples. Therefore, it is important to minimize the time delay (latency) between changing the time shift input and the output samples reflecting this change to improve the stability of the loop.
It is also desirable to minimize the complexity of the interpolator implementation to allow small area and power dissipation when implemented in hardware. It is also desirable to achieve an implementation that allows high speed operation. The speed factor is especially important in magnetic recording applications where high speed is required where the signal may be sampled at or close to the baud rate of the signal.
The interpolation scheme of the present invention provides advantages in each of these areas. For example, the latency and speed of the circuit is improved. Since the interpolator requires fewer multipliers and adders, the delay between the input and output is reduced. In addition, the ROM complexity is significantly reduced allowing for faster operation.
The complexity of the system is also reduced because of the reduced number of multipliers and adders in the interpolation section. The lower complexity results in lower power and smaller area in an integrated circuit implementation.
The above features of the present invention will be more clearly understood from consideration of the following descriptions in connection with accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ideal interpolator;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a known implementation of an interpolator;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a prefilter of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an interpolator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a four-tap interpolator magnitude response in the Nyquist band;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a modification that could be made to the interpolator of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a read channel that utilizes an interpolator of the present invention.
The making and use of the various embodiments are discussed below in detail. However, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention provides an efficient interpolation implementation that can be utilized in a number of environments. The preferred embodiment will be described first. Variations of this first embodiment will then be discussed. Finally, one example of a system implementation will be described. In particular, the interpolation circuit of the present invention will be described in the context of a read channel of a storage medium, such as a hard disk drive.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show a preferred embodiment interpolator structure. The system is split into two parts, the prefiltering section 300 (FIG. 3) and the interpolator section 400 (FIG. 4). The prefilter 300 includes two parallel bans of FIR filters 310 and 320. Both filters 310 and 320 are clocked at the rate 1/T, where T is the time period between signals.
The input Xin(kT) is applied to both filters 310 and 320. The filters 310 and 320 are designed such that filter 310 provides an advance of the signal by T/4 while the other filter 320 provides a delay of the signal by T/4. It is also noted that to realize such filters, they will both have an integer delay, which is of no consequence to the system operation.
In this implementation, at each clock cycle, there are two samples available. These two samples are spaced T/2 seconds apart. By having the samples spaced closer together than T, the interpolation function can be implemented more easily.
The coefficients of the prefilters 310 and 320 can be calculated by using a least mean squares approach with the expected power spectral density of the signal being interpolated. The coefficients h1 k for filter 310 can be calculated as
Since as filter 310 has an advance of +T/4 and filter 320 has a delay of −T/4, filter 320 can be calculated as the time reversed coefficient and hence
The new interpolator structure is shown in FIG. 4. The two samples X(kT+T/4) and X(kT−T/4) from the prefilters 310 and 320 are clocked into two banks of registers 402 and 404. The register banks 402 and 404 each include a number of serially coupled delay elements 406-414. In the illustrated embodiment, register bank 402 includes three delay elements 406, 408 and 410, each coupled in a serial fashion so that the output of one element is coupled to the input of an adjacent element. In this embodiment, register bank 404 includes two delay elements 412 and 414, which are also coupled serially.
When the outputs from the registers 402 and 404 are taken as shown in FIG. 4, at a given clock instant, five samples of the input signal Xin(kT) are available. These samples are delayed by relative of {−T, −T/2, 0, +T/2, +T}. It is noted that time delays here have been renormalized, since the T/4 time shift has been neglected. The shifting of a time constant will not affect the operation of the circuit since the interpolator compensates for these.
The delay shift required by the interpolator is defined by the value of τ[5:0], which is a 6 bit number in this example. The value of τ[5:0] represents the time shifts as shown in Table 1.
From the table, it can be seen that if the most significant bit (MSB) of τ[5:0] is 0, then the phase shift is negative and the interpolation may be achieved by using the register outputs labeled {−T, −T/2, 0, +T/2}. Similarly, when MSB is 1, the interpolation can be achieved using the register outputs labeled {−T/2, 0, +T/2, +T}.
Elimination of one of the input signals can be accomplished using a select circuit 420. In this example, the select circuit 420 includes four serially coupled multiplexers 422-428. As a result, this select circuit implementation can be referred to as a multiplexer row 420. Other embodiments may use other circuits.
This multiplexing operation uses the MSB of τ[5:0], i.e., τ[5], as a selector between the signal group with signals labeled {−T, −T/2, 0, +T/2} and the signal group with signals labeled {−T/2, 0, +T/2, +T}. After the selection, this is bit τ[5] is not required any further. The interpolation task is then reduced to interpolating between four samples using bits τ[4:0].
As an example, for the four tap interpolator, the coefficients hk(x), stored in ROM 435, can be calculated for a shift 0≦x≦1.0 by
where hanning (4) window of length 4. Table 2 tabulates the coefficients when the filter coefficients are normalized such that the summation of h1(x), h2(x), h3(x), and h4(x) is one. FIG. 5 shows the magnitude response of each of the thirty-two filter coefficients over the Nyquist band 0<f<1/T.
From Table 2, it can be seen that there is symmetry between the first and second half of the table. This property can be used to halve the table size required. In particular, a table look up of four bits τ[3:0] is all that is required. If τ[4:0]<16, i.e., τ[4]=0, then the 4-bit table can be looked up using τ[3:0] to find the multiplier coefficients. If τ[4:0]>15, i.e., τ[4]=1, then the required multiplier coefficients can be calculated by inverting the four bits τ[3:0] before the table look up and reversing the order of the coefficients.
As an example, consider calculating the multiplier coefficients for τ[4:0]=23. The binary representation of τ[4:0] is 10111. Inverting τ[3:0] yields 1000, which is the binary representation of the decimal number eight. The table lookup of location 8 yields the coefficients {−0.0718, 0.8255, 0.2986, −0.0524}. When these entries are reversed, the coefficients {−0.0524, 0.2986, 0.8255, −0.0718} are yielded. Referring back to Table 2, these coefficients are the same as the coefficients found in the row where τ[4:0]=23.
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of how the reduced entry lookup table can be implemented. The bit τ[4] is used to invert the lower bits τ[3:0] when τ[4]=1. This inversion can be accomplished, for example, using the XOR gates 430. Instead of reversing the coefficients, the inputs to the multipliers 440 are reversed using select circuit 432. In this example, select circuit 432 is a multiplexer row.
When the select input τ[4]=1, the select circuit input nodes (taken from select circuit 420) reverses the order of the input nodes. This function allows the multiplying to be done while, at the same time, the lookup is being done. This technique therefore reduces the overall delay in the calculation. Also the multiplier ranges can be reduced because of the limited range of the coefficients.
In an alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 6, the select circuit 532 is provided between ROM 435 and multipliers 440. In this embodiment, the coefficients are reversed instead of the inputs.
In other embodiments, the coefficient table may have other features of symmetry. For example, in some embodiments the table entry for τ[4:0]=0 would have coefficients {0, 0, 1, 0, 0}. In a table such as this, the center of symmetry would be around the sixteenth entry rather than between entries fifteen and sixteen (as in Table 2). An alternative construction table like this would have no time shift for the first entry, i.e., simply passing the signal at time 0 (and multiplying the signals at time −T, −T/2, +T/2, and +T by zero). The remaining entries in the coefficient table would exhibit the same symmetry as shown in Table 2 above.
In that case, the same concepts can be utilized. As before, when τ[4]=1 the remaining portion of the time shift τ[3:0] would be inverted but now one would be added to the result. This result could then be used as the address to the ROM. It is noted that the entry for 16 (binary 10000) will need to be handled specially since inversion of τ[3:0] leads to 1111. Addition of one, leads to 10000, which is correct but indicates that another table entry is required. It is also noted that the ROM address selection circuitry 435 would be more complicated than the four XOR gates shown in FIG. 4.
Another way to accomplish this implementation would be to remove the τ[4:0]=0 entry from the ROM and generate the coefficients with logic. Logic could then be applied to the τ[3:0] bits to correctly access the remaining entries.
Returning to FIG. 4, the outputs of select circuit 432 are applied to respective inputs of the multipliers 440. These multiplier inputs are multiplied with the coefficients retrieved from ROM 435. The products are then added together in summer (or adder) 445. The result from adder 445 is the interpolator output sequence Y(k).
Up to this point, the memory 435 has been referred to as a read only memory (ROM). It is noted, however, that the memory does not necessarily need to be "read only." A random access memory, such as a SRAM or DRAM, would work equally well. The memory 435 could also be a programmable memory such as a PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory, as examples. Other logic devices such as a programmable logic device (PLD) could also be used.
The interpolation circuit of the present invention has a number of advantages over other interpolation structures. For example, the latency and speed of the circuit is improved. The delay between changing the τ input and seeing the output Y(k) change is reduced because the interpolation requires fewer multipliers and adders and can hence generate a result quickly. In addition, the ROM complexity is significantly reduced allowing for faster operation. A small ROM, such as the 4-bit (16 locations) ROM described can often be implemented as random logic more efficiently.
The complexity of the system is also reduced because of the reduced number of multipliers and adders in the interpolation section. Since the multipliers (not shown) in the prefilter 300 (FIG. 3) are multiplying by constants and are therefore easier to implement. The lower complexity results in lower power and area in an integrated circuit implementation.
In particular, compared to the interpolator described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,984, the interpolator described here has a reduced number of prefilters and reduced ROM size. The interpolator of the '984 patent requires three prefilters each of which is distinct, that is, there is no symmetry or commonality between each of the three filters. In contrast, the preferred embodiment interpolator uses only two prefilters that have coefficients which are the reverse of each other. Alternatively, a single prefilter to shift by T/2 can be used.
Also in the '984 patent, the interpolator portion needs to store a set of coefficients for each interpolation point. For example, if 64 interpolation points are required, then 64 sets of coefficients must be stored. In contrast, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has reduced ROM size. In the preferred embodiment, for example, only sixteen sets of coefficients are stored for 64 interpolation points.
Other embodiments of the system can alternatively be implemented. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates a prefilter with the two filters 310 and 320 shifting by a time period of +T/4 and −T/4, respectively. These two filters could be replaced by a single filter shifting by T/2 to generate the two samples of the input signal per clock cycle. Further, the two filters 310 and 320 could be replaced by three (or more) filters to generate three (or more) samples per cycle and hence further simplify the interpolation section 400.
In another embodiment, the number of terms interpolated can be reduced to three (or less) to reduce the system complexity at the expense of some loss in accuracy. The number of terms interpolated can alternatively be increased to five (or more) to increase the accuracy of the system. Changing the number of terms would increase or decrease the number of multipliers and multiplexers as well as the size of the coefficient look up table.
The preferred embodiment showed sixty-four interpolation steps. As another variation, more or fewer interpolation steps can be readily implemented.
In addition, the sin c function with a hanning window has been used to implement the coefficients of the interpolator filters. Other window functions, however, can be used or, alternatively, the filter coefficients can be determined using a least mean squares fit based on the power spectrum of the signal being interpolated.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a system that could utilize the interpolation scheme of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, both the prefiltering and the reduced look up table are implemented. It is noted, however, that the system could implement either one without the other.
FIG. 7 illustrates a first preferred embodiment read channel. Information is stored on a storage medium, such as a magnetic disk (not shown) as a series of bit cells of varying magnetic polarity. A read/write coil 2 passes over the magnetic medium and converts the magnetic pulses into an analog electrical signal, as is well known in the art. This analog channel signal is filtered by analog filters 4 before being passed to analog to digital converter (ADC) 6.
ADC 6 samples the incoming signal at a sampling rate provided by sampling clock 8 and outputs a digital signal consisting of a sequence of channel samples. As illustrated, sampling clock 8 is preferably a crystal-driven synthesizer.
The digital signal from ADC 6 passes through equalization filter 10. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, equalization filter 10 is preferably a Nyquist finite impulse response filter. The exact configuration of equalization filter 10 depends upon the partial response coding method employed. In the preferred embodiments, the information signal is encoded using the EPR4 standard and hence equalization filter 10 will shape the incoming digital signal and attempt to drive each channel sample to the appropriate one of the five levels employed in the EPR4 standard.
The signal is then passed to sample rate converter 12 which includes the pre-filter and interpolation circuit described above. Sample rate converter 12 derives the desired sample points by interpolating between channel samples. The interpolation interval is determined from a fractional delay value derived in accumulator 18, as will be described below.
From sample rate converter 12 the interpolated samples are output so that they can be accessed by data detector 22. Data detector 22 is preferable a Viterbi decoder. While not shown, the present invention could further include an elastic buffer as described in application Ser. No. 09/387,146.
As described above, sample rate converter 12 interpolates between channel samples to obtain the desired sample point. The location of the desired sample point, and hence the interpolation interval, relative to the channel samples depends upon the phase difference between the channel samples and the desired sampling points. The following discussion describes a preferred embodiment timing recovery loop for detecting the phase difference and generating therefrom a fractional delay value which is employed by the sample rate converter to set the interpolation interval.
As shown in FIG. 7, the output of sample rate converter 12 is also provided to the input of phase detector 14. Phase detector 14 operates to detect the phase difference between the sampled signal and an expected signal. The expected signal is a best estimate of what the sampled signal would look like if it had been sampled at the baud rate without any phase error.
Preferably, phase detector 14 contains a slicer circuit as is well known in the art. Each incoming sample passes through the slicer circuit where a value corresponding to the nearest EPR4 level is assigned to the sample. This EPR4 level value is the estimate of what the sample value would be in a case of no phase error. The output of the slicer is then compared to the actual sample value and a difference value is determined. A difference value signal is generated as successive samples are input to the phase detector.
As is known in the art, a phase error can be calculated from the slope of the difference value signal. In the preferred embodiments, a four bit phase error value provides sufficient resolution for efficient phase tracking and correction. This phase error signal is output from phase detector 14 and fed to PI filter 16.
PI filter 16 includes both a proportional filter and an integral filter. The proportional path simply provides a loop gain to the incoming error signal. The integral path integrates or averages the incoming error signal and applies a loop gain as well. The signals from both the proportional path and the integral path are added together and are output from PI filter 16. In this way, the timing recovery loop can compensate for a constant phase error, as would arise in the situation where the sampling clock matches the baud rate, but is slightly phase shifted, and can also compensate for a changing phase error, as would arise in an oversampling or undersampling condition.
Accumulator 18 receives as input the ten bit filtered phase error signal from PI filter 16 and outputs the fractional delay value τ. In the first preferred embodiment, accumulator 18 includes fourteen bit register and accumulates values of the filtered phase error signal received from PI filter 16. In other words, the ten bit phase error signal is fed to the ten LSB of the accumulator register and is counted up (added). The six most significant bits (MSB) of the accumulator register comprise the fraction delay value τ.
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
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Federal User Fees:
Fee Design Options and Implications for Managing Revenue Instability
GAO-13-820: Published: Sep 30, 2013. Publicly Released: Sep 30, 2013.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-6806
Jacqueline M. Nowicki
(617) 788-0580
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
GAO identified six key fee design decisions related to how fees are set, used, and reviewed that, in the aggregate, enable Congress to design fees that strike the desired balance between agency flexibility and congressional control. For example, narrowly limiting the activities for which fees may be used heightens congressional control over the funds; however, doing so can also reduce an agency's flexibility to reallocate resources as needs change and may increase administrative costs. Design decisions also have program management implications. For example, the frequency of fee reviews and adjustments affects the alignment between collections and costs. Failing to review fees regularly has sometimes resulted in large increases when fees are eventually updated, creating costly challenges. Understanding the implications of fee design is important to avoid such unintended consequences.
Identifying and understanding unobligated balances--the portion of obligational authority that has not yet been obligated--in fee-based accounts is challenging. There is no single list of all federal user fees, and in general, budget accounts are not labeled in a way that indicates whether an account contains fee collections. This makes it challenging to identify whether (or which) unobligated balances in an account are fee-related. Further, some fee designs include dedicated reserves that appear as unobligated balances. Despite these challenges, funding a program or agency through fees does not eliminate the need for careful monitoring and managing of unobligated balances.
Considering key questions about costs and collections can enable Congress and agencies to identify and manage potential fluctuations in fee collections-known as revenue instability-as well as potential consequences. Importantly, decision makers need to understand potential vulnerabilities in the context of a fee's design. Examples of such questions include: what is the risk that fee revenue instability will affect a program? What analysis is needed to understand factors such as cost drivers and elements that influence collections? Are there data limitations that could add uncertainty to collection estimates? Can the agency quickly respond to changing costs? What factors affect the timing and pattern of collections and spending? If revenue instability is a function of a fee's design, the most sustainable solutions are often found by realigning costs and collections. In other cases, maintaining a reserve can help address sudden or temporary fluctuations in collections and/or costs and can minimize the effect of revenue instability on operations.
Why GAO Did This Study
In 2012, the President's Budget reported nearly $300 billion collected in user fees from the public. Given the nation's fiscal condition it is critical that every funding source and spending decision be carefully considered and applied to its best use. GAO was asked to review oversight opportunities for fees. GAO examined (1) key Congressional design decisions and related implications for achieving the desired balance between agency flexibility and congressional control, (2) issues related to identifying and managing unobligated balances in selected fee-funded agencies, and (3) key questions to identify potential sources of fee revenue instability and to manage any consequences. To do so, GAO analyzed laws, agency documents and guidance, literature, and prior GAO work. In addition, GAO interviewed officials at three fully feefunded agencies, which were selected to illustrate implications of key design options, unobligated fee balances, and approaches for managing revenue instability. GAO also validated certain findings with budget subject matter specialists.
What GAO Recommends
GAO is not making any new recommendations in this report. GAO previously recommended that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review fee-funded programs and identify opportunities to improve their design and better align fee collections with program costs. OMB has not yet taken action on this recommendation. Two of the three selected fully fee-funded agencies provided technical comments which were incorporated as appropriate.
For more information, contact Susan J. Irving at (202) 512-6806 or email@example.com or Jacqueline M. Nowicki at (617) 788-0580 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Jun 30, 2015
Navy Working Capital Fund:Budgeting for Carryover at Fleet Readiness Centers Could Be ImprovedGAO-15-462: Published: Jun 30, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2015.
Jun 24, 2015
Independent Auditor's Report on Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures:Senate Disbursing Office 2015 Cash CountGAO-15-683R: Published: Jun 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 24, 2015.
Jun 17, 2015
Capitol Preservation Fund:Audit of Fiscal Years 2013 and 2014 TransactionsGAO-15-586R: Published: Jun 17, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 17, 2015.
Senate Preservation Fund:Audit of Fiscal Years 2013 and 2014 TransactionsGAO-15-587R: Published: Jun 17, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 17, 2015.
May 29, 2015
Management Report:Improvements Are Needed to Enhance the Internal Revenue Service's Internal Control over Financial ReportingGAO-15-480R: Published: May 29, 2015. Publicly Released: May 29, 2015.
May 15, 2015
Financial Audit:Congressional Award Foundation's Fiscal Years 2014 and 2013 Financial StatementsGAO-15-552: Published: May 15, 2015. Publicly Released: May 15, 2015.
Apr 30, 2015
Management Report:Improvements Needed in SEC's Internal Controls and Accounting ProceduresGAO-15-387R: Published: Apr 30, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 30, 2015.
Mar 27, 2015
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute:Review of the Audit of the Financial Statements for 2014 and 2013GAO-15-395R: Published: Mar 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 27, 2015.
Mar 16, 2015
Improper Payments:Government-Wide Estimates and Use of Death Data to Help Prevent Payments to Deceased IndividualsGAO-15-482T: Published: Mar 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2015.
Feb 27, 2015
Disaster Relief:Agencies Need to Improve Policies and Procedures for Estimating Improper PaymentsGAO-15-209: Published: Feb 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 27, 2015.
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Daughtry's stage presence is second to none.
Rock band Daughtry had no problem packing the seats of Louisville Palace Saturday night as they played to a crowd sporting plenty of Cardinal Red and Wildcat Blue. I review their Louisville stop on the Break the Spell Tour.
What basketball game? Multi-platinum band Daughtry will be performing at Louisville Palace at 7:30 Saturday night.
A Black Friday-Cyber Monday deal - NO FEES on concert tickets!
Not quite two-hour show featured mix of new material with his classic hits.
Documentary film, It's About You, airs at 7 p.m., show starts at 8:20 p.m.
Wanna be the "Boss" of your kitchen? "Cake Boss" star, Buddy Valastro, will be on hand tomorrow, November 5th, at Carmichael's Bookstore promoting his newest book, Baking with the Cake Boss.
The star of TLC's "THE CAKE BOSS" will be LIVE at the Louisville Palace, November 5th.
Photos from last night's three-hour concert in the band's hometown.
Tell Lou about your favorite holiday ornament and you could win four tickets to opening night; ends Sunday!
Experience the classic Hitchcock film brought to life this Saturday at the Louisville Palace.
John Prine played a spirited two-hour set Friday night to an appreciative crowd at The Louisville Palace, performing songs that spanned his 40-year career. Sara Watkins was a worthy opener who also proved to be a fine duet partner for Prine.
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High demand for a project with all the right elements: SPF Realty
Risk assessment is now part of the exam
BB device expected to come with 5.4-inch screen with curved edges
Russian tourist took the video from his apartment
Asks residents not to circulate rumours, misinformation, photos and news that come to them through social networking sites
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Greece's voters decide euro future
Rate of improvement remained faster than the series average and solid overall
Vote on bailout terms too close to call
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Bin Roye' and 'Bajrangi Bhaijaan' to release on July 16 in UAE
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Group of Asian men were reportedly drunk
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Dominique Cottrez, a 51-year-old former health worker, found guilty
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Decide who wins beatboxing contest
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Salman Khan watched Hollywood comedy movie 'Spy' with his family in Mumbai. Salman's sister Alvira Agnihotri attended
According to the latest buzz, Virat and Anushka are currently on a vacation together. The two are at 'Sabi Sabi Earth
Reality TV star Kim Kardashian is four months pregnant with her second child. Twitter The 34-year-old reality TV star
Vettel took third place for Ferrari
Lanka 228-5 at stumps, lead by 291
Chile had beaten Argentina just once in 38 competitive matches before the final
His retirement is a blow to Australia with the first Ashes test starting Wednesday in Cardiff
Pakistan trail by 69 runs with Sarfraz batting on 72
16-member team led by Azhar Ali includes uncapped batsman Mukhtar Ahmed
'Cannot stand to see my country in this distress'
#SelfieWithDaughter trending in India after Internet-savvy PM launched campaign
Reigning champion Joey Chestnut loses by 2 hot dogs
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Old man still got it 🏀🌟✨👏👏👏🌟 A video posted by snoopdogg (@snoopdogg) on Jul 3, 2015 at 4:23pm PDT And he still
AMAZING: The greatest 'header-bin challenge' of all-time, courtesy of St. Johnstone. pic.twitter.com/sCq7gAjlyy — BBC
Quit contouring, stop strobing, start baking! Blogger reveals how to perfect beauty caking technique used by Kim
New rule for the UAE banks and exchange houses will be effective from September 5, 2015
One-bedroom apartments in Mohammed Bin Zayed City fell 10% in Q2 2015
Win 12 cars, Dh50k in school fees…and more
Abrar Shahin set new trend and bashed all stigmas about Muslim head-gear
Classifies farms into breeding, grazing, seasonal
Al Thareed, Al Legeemat among the favourites
Dubai Grand Mufti answers readers' questions
Chance to win free vouchers with Emirates 24|7
Event will run from July 2 to July 11
Dozens of people wounded
Emirate among world's most affordable expat destinations; Indian cities cheapest to live in
On returning home after being pardoned
Saved by his brother using instructions by Abu Dhabi ambulance services
Perfect resume to online presence… it all counts


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For those unfamiliar, Chase & Status are an electronic production duo from London comprised of members Saul Milton (Chase) and Will Kennard (Status).
A track from British electronic music production duo Chase & Status' Brand New Machine project, featuring Pusha T on the assist.
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Solar, wind, hydro, or nuclear? Stay in the know about alternative forms of renewable energy.
About StumbleDNA StumbleDNA
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Explore the biology and physiology of the human body. Like Grey's Anatomy, minus the love triangles.
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Narrow your search
The HL-2360DW is a strong choice if you're shopping for a text-only printer that can print from the cloud and won't empty your wallet on toner refills.
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As long as you don't mind not being able to print from a USB flash key, the Dell B1165nfw's healthy array of extra features and quick outbound print cycle make it worthwhile for small offices with wireless access.
The Brother MFC-J4510DW all-in-one printer leads with a stylishly compact chassis and its Web-connectivity rounds out an impressive list of useful features for small offices.
The Brother MFC-7860DW and its autodocument feeder, wireless connectivity, and simple installation make it an apt match for small businesses with moderate printing needs.
The Dell 1355cnw's wireless connectivity and simple controls lend themselves well to a busy micro-office environment, as long as you don't mind waiting a bit for multipage documents.
Pricing not available
The Brother MFC-990CW is a speedy, fully capable all-in-one device that earns our recommendation for an individual or a family that will make use of its touch screen and telephone/answering machine. Mechanical issues notwithstanding, this is the highest-scoring Brother printer we've tested to date.
The Brother MFC-3360C does decent quality text and graphics, but anyone printing a large volume of photos won't be happy with the extremely slow output speed. If you're set on buying a multifunction printer, put your $90 toward a more capable device, like the Canon Pixma MX330.
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We've tested plenty of printers at CNET, but very few have frustrated us as much as the Brother DCP-165C multifunction has. The counterintuitive setup, bland design, deplorable print quality, and crawling output speeds earns this printer a double thumbs down. Spend $30 more and you can get the Canon Pixma MX330, an all-in-one printer that adds a fax machine on top of the copy, scan, and print features.


text:
Trying to get my custom Bluetooth device to be read by my Android phone. So far, the device is sending data continuously, and I can receive it on a PC with a BT interface running SPP and hyperterminal.
Now changing the PC to my Evo, I installed BluetoothChat but it won't connect to my phone. Found a few SPP terminal emulator apps in the market, but those seem to be based off Bluetooth Chat and also won't connect. However, Amarino on the same phone connects to the same bluetooth device properly (but that is not a terminal program).
I'm just getting started with Android programming, so not sure where to go from here. I don't see much docs on how the Bluetooth API works. Anyone know where I can get info on this? Or perhaps some other terminal program that will work.


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Game Details :
Not with surfing skills!! Surfing Girl Likes to attract people with her trendy outfit while surfing. Dress up Surfing girl with cool apparels and vibrant accessories.
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Seeing Jewelry
Loose Denim Anime
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Pleated Fashion


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Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Swim in Miami: Inside peek
Leggy models in high-fashion bikinis and stars in tight dresses and sky-high heels . . . no it's not just another weekend in Miami Beach, it's the biggest swim fashion event of the year. Check out some of the latest looks.
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Pediatric Rheumatology
Prevention of flare recurrences in childhood-refractory chronic uveitis: An open-label comparative study of adalimumab versus infliximab
Article first published online: 30 MAR 2011
DOI: 10.1002/acr.20404
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Rheumatology
Arthritis Care & Research
Volume 63, Issue 4, pages 612–618, April 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Simonini, G., Taddio, A., Cattalini, M., Caputo, R., De Libero, C., Naviglio, S., Bresci, C., Lorusso, M., Lepore, L. and Cimaz, R. (2011), Prevention of flare recurrences in childhood-refractory chronic uveitis: An open-label comparative study of adalimumab versus infliximab. Arthritis Care Res, 63: 612–618. doi: 10.1002/acr.20404
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 MAR 2011
- Article first published online: 30 MAR 2011
- Accepted manuscript online: 15 NOV 2010 11:59AM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 3 NOV 2010
- Manuscript Received: 17 MAY 2010
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
To compare the efficacy and safety of adalimumab versus infliximab in an open-label prospective, comparative, multicenter cohort study of childhood noninfectious chronic uveitis.
Thirty-three patients (22 females, 11 males, median age 9.17 years) with refractory, vision-threatening, noninfectious active uveitis were enrolled, and received for at least 1 year infliximab (5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6, and then every 6–8 weeks) or adalimumab (24 mg/m2 every 2 weeks). The primary outcome was to assess, once remission was achieved, the time of a first relapse. Time to remission, time to steroid discontinuation, and the number of relapses were also considered.
Sixteen children (12 with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA], 3 with idiopathic uveitis, and 1 with Behçet's disease) were recruited in the adalimumab cohort and 17 children (10 with JIA, 5 with idiopathic uveitis, 1 with early-onset sarcoidosis, and 1 with Behçet's disease) were recruited in the infliximab group. Cox regression analysis did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to time to achieve remission and time to steroid discontinuation, whereas a higher probability of uveitis remission on adalimumab during the time of treatment was shown (Mantel-Cox χ2 = 6.83, P < 0.001). At 40 months of followup, 9 (60%) of 15 children receiving adalimumab compared to 3 (18.8%) of 16 children receiving infliximab were still in remission on therapy (P < 0.02).
Even if limited to a relatively small group, our study suggests that over 3 years of treatment, adalimumab is more efficacious than infliximab in maintaining remission of chronic childhood uveitis.