text:
Book your room at Golfer
Double RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Single RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Get an overview of this hotel3-star hotel with restaurant and indoor pool
Situated in Kremnica, this hotel is 1.1 mi (1.8 km) from Kremnica Castle and within 25 mi (40 km) of Ludovita Stura Park and Zvolen Church. Forestry and Timber Museum and Borova Hora Arboretum are also within 25 mi (40 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this hotel has an indoor pool and a fitness center. WiFi in public areas is free. Additionally, a bar/lounge, a spa tub, and a sauna are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 32 rooms offer satellite TV, room service, and hair dryers. Other amenities available to guests include safes, phones, and desks.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an indoor pool, Golfer provides a spa tub, a sauna, and a steam room. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
A business center is on site at this 3-star property. 4 meeting rooms are available. This business-friendly hotel also offers a fitness center, a library, and tour/ticket assistance.
- Free WiFi
- Restaurant
- Indoor pool
- Bar/lounge
- Fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Sauna
- Steam room
- Ski storage
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 200
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Babysitting or childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Computer station
- Billiards or pool table
- Library
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Multilingual staff
- Garden
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Elevator/lift
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 4
- Total number of rooms - 32
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Indoor pool
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Babysitting or childcare
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Room service (limited hours)
- Satellite TV service
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Phone
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Desk
Where to Eat
Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM.
Golfer has a restaurant on site.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a sauna, a steam room, and a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 11:00 AM
Check-in time ends at 10:00 PM
Check-out time is 10:00 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Kids stay free! One child stays free when using existing bedding.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available.
Pets allowed, Only dogs are allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fee for cooked-to-order breakfast: EUR 6 for adults and EUR 4 for children (approximately)


text:
All Android applications categories
All Android games categories
Vrse - Virtual Reality
An expanding universe of Virtual Reality experiences. Viewable with or...
Similar app: Battle 360 VR
Free 1.4K
Virtual Reality Space Shooter
Step on board, climb to the top turret and help the ship pass the Aste...
Similar app: VR Run!
Free 42
Mars Virtual Reality
Mars VR is a virtual reality experience for your phone and the Google...
Similar app: Mars Virtual Reality Lite
$0.99 3
Virtual Reality Camera Pro
Alter reality in real time. Augmented Reality allows user to overlay...
Similar app: Virtual Reality Camera
$0.99 1
Rajawali Virtual Reality Demo
This is not a game. This is a demo showcasing the Virtual Reality capa...
Similar app: Rajawali 3D Engine Examples
Free 84
Mars Virtual Reality Lite
Mars VR is a virtual reality experience for your phone and the Google...
Similar app: Graveyard VR Lite
Free 4
Virtual Reality Shopping list
A Virtual Reality experience with Google Cardboard : Find the items of...
Similar app: Vrse - Virtual Reality
Free 20
CityU Campus Virtual Reality
The main campus of City University of Hong Kong is regarded as an enor...
Similar app: CityU Mobile
Free 14
Village Virtual Reality
This game is a demo scene for demonstration of Google Cardboard VR, in...
Similar app: Dino Tours VR
Free 110
Fusion VR - Virtual Reality
◆ Asia Smartphone Apps Contest 2014 - Creative Lifestyle Category '...
Similar app: Fusion VR - Real (360-Degree)
Free 14
HOLO - Virtual Reality
HOLO - Virtual Reality Showcase feat. Mode 1 : Stereoscopic 360° Vide...
Similar app: VR Experience
Free 39
Virtual Reality Balloon Shoot
Note: This game is designed for devices equipped with a gyroscope and...
Similar app: Zombie Alien Hunter VR
$0.99 3
virtual reality, vr_phone, gyroscope test, navigation hong kong, 3d demo games, virtual camera, image resizer pro, google framework, live cam pro, air gear, gyroscope game

subset: commoncrawl


text:
17 May 2013
The National System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Attention (SINAPRED) of Nicaragua, government institutions, the United Nations Emergency Technical Team (UNETE), participated in a Category 5 Hurricane simulation with the aim of strengthening the process of coordination and operations, combined with humanitarian assistance.
16 May 2013
More than 7,500 metric tons of food will ensure a healthy meal for students in public preschool and elementary schools over the next three months.
15 May 2013
The Purchase for Progress (P4P) initiative provides metal silos to smallholder farmers in Nicaragua through a flexible 3-year programme which provides them with the opportunity to improve the quality of their crops.
15 May 2013
Andrea Orozco, nicknamed "Andreíta" by her students, is the one responsible for the lunch time meals at Santa Marta School in the rural community of Guineo, 280 kilometres east of Managua.
8 May 2013
The intense summer heat does not seem to bother the 1,300 students in the afternoon shift at René Schick School, located in the capital district of the same name. Voices and laughter fill the classrooms where the children wait eagerly to receive their plate of rice, beans, tortillas and a bowl of fortified cereal.
8 May 2013
The Director of Plan International Michael Diamond and World Food Programme Representative Helmut W. Rauch signed an agreement for technical collaboration on nutrition and food security.
8 March 2013
Members of the Nueva Segovia cooperative take part in the "Leadership Course for Entrepreneurship" to strengthen gender equality in the agricultural producers' organizations supported by the Purchase for Progress (P4P) project.
20 February 2013
The Ministry of Health (MINSA), in coordination with the World Food Programme (WFP), has given technical and scientific updates to fifteen nutrition clinics and health centers in Managua through virtual conferences, delivered by specialists from WFP.
20 February 2013
The community of El Limon is located in the dry corridor of northern Nicaragua. It has total population of 532 people, who main source of income is family farming and daily wage labourers in neighboring farms.
20 February 2013
The President of the National Parliament of Nicaragua, René Núñez Téllez, and WFP Representative, Helmut W. Rauch, signed a Collaboration Agreement which defines the relationship between the two institutions with regards to cooperation and technical assistance on issues related to Nutrition and Food Security.
- Nicaragua highlight efforts on nutrition Source: prensa latina
- Nicaragua: "We must invest in nutrition" Source: La Prensa (Nicaragua)
- WFP Regional Director in Nicaragua Source: La Prensa (Nicaragua)
- A Vaccinne Against Hunger Source: LA PRENSA
- Distributing products for school meals Source: La Voz del Sandinismo
- Revolutionizing Data Collection - World Food Programme and Nielsen Use Scalable Mobile Surveys in Today's Changing Technological Landscape, June 2015
- Factsheet - Food Security Analysis, 2015
- Central America PRRO 200490 Restoring Food Security and Livelihoods for Vulnerable Groups Affected by Recurrent Shocks in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua: An Operation Evaluation. Terms of Reference
- Seasonal Monitor
- 3 July 2015 Emergency Simulation in Nicaragua
- 19 June 2015 Celebrating World Environment Day
- 24 April 2015 Nicaraguan Farmers Receive Support from Canada


text:
Kerarno Mobile Home 4-6 p - La Trinite sur Mer, St Philibert
From $215 / week
Description from the manager
Description from the manager
Bedrooms: 2/
Bathrooms: 1/
Sleeps: 6/
Type: Cabin
Excellently situated at only 1000 metres to the beach in La Trinité sur Mer St Philibert, mobile homes on a park with a swimming pool with slide, childrens club and day and evening activities in the Summer.
Accommodation and facilities
La Trinité sur Mer St Philibert Kerarno, south Morbihan. Excellently situated at only 1000 metres to the beach, these mobile homes are situated in a mobile home park of 5 hectares in St Philibert, which is the village by the world famous la Trinité boating centre and port, close to Carnac and its Menhirs standing stones and many other interesting local tourist attractions, including the Morbihan ...Read more
About the manager
About the manager
Wake Up In France Holiday Vendee
Wake Up In France Holiday Vendee
- Response rate: 100%
- Response time: A few hours
- Calendar updated: today
Overall rating:
3.7 / 5.0
Kerarno Mobile Home 4-6 p - La Trinite sur Mer, St Philibert Saint-Philibert, Brittany, France
Additional Location Information
For anyone with even a passing interest in cycling, this is a spectacle well worth seeing . You cannot help being caught up in the vibrant and exciting atmosphere.


text:
John Axford
John Axford News
John Axford news continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
Brewers rookie pitcher Michael Blazek, 35th rounder
Saturday Jun 27 | Minor League Ball | Comment?
Milwaukee Brewers Series Preview: Colorado Rockies
Friday Jun 19 | Reviewing the Brew | Comment?
5 Baltimore Orioles Who Deserve 2015 MLB All-Star Game Consideration
5 Milwaukee Brewers Who Deserve 2015 MLB All-Star Game Consideration
Kansas City Royals' (Hopefully) Improved Offense Breaks Out Against Milwaukee Brewers
Crew pick of Orimoloye could be historic
Tuesday Jun 9 | Milwaukee Brewers | Comment?
Trending Now
Updated: Wed Jul 01, 2015 01:41 am
Copyright © 2015 Topix LLC


text:
What is the relationship between open port range and overall risk?
Exposing a large number of well-known ports could be a substantial risk, depending upon their nature. In this expert Q&A, Mike Chapple explains why it may be best to narrow down a port range.
I'm going to assume that you're using a protocol that has a single arbitrary port for each connection negotiated...
Continue Reading This Article
Enjoy this article as well as all of our content, including E-Guides, news, tips and more.
By submitting your personal information, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant products and special offers from TechTarget and its partners. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy.
between the client and the server. That's the case for a number of backup systems. If so, you may be able to configure and narrow down the port range to just high-numbered ones, those unused by other services. Once you limit the number of ports, be sure to also tightly control and reduce the IP range of systems that may connect to the server.
It's important to remember that security and convenience often have an inverse relationship. The true art of security is balancing the two and reaching compromises that effectively secure an organization's data while still allowing the company to meet its business objectives.
More information:
Dig Deeper
Find more PRO+ content and other member only offers, here.
Related Q&A from Mike Chapple, Enterprise Compliance
The HHS security risk assessment tool for HIPAA audit prep
The HHS security risk assessment tool is designed to help healthcare providers meet the HIPAA security requirement. Expert Mike Chapple explains how ...continue reading
How to meet PCI DSS requirement 6.6 and keep down costs
PCI DSS requirement 6.6 demands application security compliance through one of two options: an application firewall or a code review. Expert Mike ...continue reading
Comparing HIPAA-compliant hosting methods
Are HIPAA-compliant hosting services a better option for compliance than a secure storage API? Expert Mike Chapple analyzes.continue reading
Have a question for an expert?
Please add a title for your question
Get answers from a TechTarget expert on whatever's puzzling you.
Meet all of our Information Security experts


text:
Press release from Business Wire
Unilever Implements Terra Technology Demand Sensing Globally, Adds Inventory Optimization

 Successful Unilever North American implementation significantly decreases forecast error, prompts global implementation

Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Unilever Implements Terra Technology Demand Sensing Globally, Adds Inventory Optimization08:00 EDT Tuesday, September 28, 2010 NORWALK, Conn. (Business Wire) -- Terra Technology (www.terratechnology.com), the most-trusted provider of innovative supply chain solutions for consumer products companies, today announced that Unilever (NYSE: UL), one of the world's leading food, home and personal care product companies, has signed a global agreement for Terra Technology's Demand Sensing and Multi-Enterprise Inventory Optimization solutions. Unilever has been using Demand Sensing in North America for a year and significantly decreased forecast error in manufacturing and inventory. Unilever anticipates decreasing safety stock up to 15 percent following the worldwide implementation. Unilever also piloted the software in Europe and Asia, reducing forecast error more than 50 percent. Gary Calveley, Group Vice President of Customer Service Excellence for Unilever, said, "Unilever standardized on Terra Technology's Demand Sensing and Inventory Optimization solutions to improve market responsiveness and decrease costs. As the global economy continues to be volatile and consumer spending remains unsteady, consumer products companies must accurately predict sales to decrease costs and maintain profits. Improving forecast accuracy and inventory planning helps Unilever meet consumer demand for products without carrying excess inventory." "Unilever is a consumer products leader focused on adding value to consumers' lives," said Robert F. Byrne, president and CEO of Terra Technology. "Adopting best-in-class technologies ensures that Unilever can respond quickly and efficiently to changes in the consumer marketplace. By implementing Demand Sensing and Multi-Enterprise Inventory Optimization worldwide, Unilever will be able to predict shifts in consumer demand around the globe and will be able to deliver the right products to consumers while lowering inventory." To learn more about Unilever's successful implementation of Terra's solutions, join Doug Sloan, Director, Supply Chain Operations Support, at a Consumer Goods Technology hosted webex on Wednesday, September 29, 2010 at 11:00 a.m. ET. About Unilever Unilever's mission is to add vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. Unilever is one of the world's leading suppliers of fast moving consumer goods with strong local roots in more than 100 countries across the globe. Its portfolio includes some of the world's best known and most loved brands including thirteen €1 billion brands and global leadership in many categories in which the company operates. The portfolio features brand icons such as: Knorr, Hellmann's, Lipton, Dove, Axe/Lynx, Vaseline, Omo, Surf, Marmite and Pot Noodle. Unilever has around 174,000 employees in approaching 100 countries and generated annual sales of €40 billion in 2008. For more information about Unilever and its brands, please visit www.unilever.com. About Terra Technology Terra Technology is the most-trusted provider of innovative supply chain solutions for consumer products companies. Terra Technology's solutions use better mathematics and downstream data like POS to improve supply chain performance, reducing forecast error up to 50 percent and inventory up to 20 percent. More accurate forecasts save money, lower inventory, improve customer service and decrease waste. Some of the world's largest consumer packaged goods companies use Terra Technology, including Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Kraft Foods, Kimberly-Clark, ConAgra Foods and Campbell Soup. For more information, please visit www.terratechnology.com or call +1 203 847 4007 x111.


text:
What sort of stuff did you geek out on when you were younger?
With his slight frame and tasteful Jew-fro, Seth was the anti-heartthrob who launched a nationwide trend of "geek chic."
And remember the short-sleeve-wearing Best Buy technicians, the geek Squad?
"sideshow freak," 1916, U.S. carnival and circus slang, perhaps a variant of geck "a fool, dupe, simpleton" (1510s), apparently from Low German geck, from an imitative verb found in North Sea Germanic and Scandinavian meaning "to croak, cackle," and also "to mock, cheat." The modern form and the popular use with reference to circus sideshow "wild men" is from 1946, in William Lindsay Gresham's novel "Nightmare Alley" (made into a film in 1947 starring Tyrone Power).
"An ordinary geek doesn't actually eat snakes, just bites off chunks of 'em, chicken heads and rats." [Arthur H. Lewis, "Carnival," 1970]By c.1983, used in teenager slang in reference to peers who lacked social graces but were obsessed with new technology and computers (e.g. the Anthony Michael Hall character in 1984's "Sixteen Candles").
geek out vi. To temporarily enter techno-nerd mode while in a non-hackish context, for example at parties held near computer equipment. [Eric S. Raymond, "The New Hacker's Dictionary," 1996]
Related Terms
[origin unknown; perhaps related to British dialect geck, geke, ''fool''; according to David Maurer, ''said to have originated with a man named Wagner of Charleston, WV, whose hideous snake-eating act made him famous'']


text:
The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
a portrait: christian köhler
Chris moved from Oldenburg to the town of Stuttgart nearly one year ago and proved himself to be a really nice person. We talked since that moment he came here of filming a small clip for him. After about 11 month we finally made it. I'm glad to know him and do look forward to loads of chilled sessions. Welcome to Stuttgart, Köhler!
What Do You Think?
Get the best of Mpora straight to your inbox


text:
If you like this, Harlequin recommends
- Pregnant by the Cowboy CEO
- by
- Jul 2015
- Pursued by the Rich Rancher
- by
- Jun 2015
Three months after a whirlwind affair, Claire McDermott discovered she was carrying Vic Jansen's child. She knew if she told him, he'd offer marriage. But she wanted more than just an honorable response from the man who once--who still--ignited her passion.
After he discovered the truth, nothing was keeping Vic from his child...or the woman who continued to haunt his dreams. But Claire's demand for an emotional union wasn't something he could allow. His heart was closed and not even Claire, and her undeniable beauty, would change his mind.


text:
Two Police Officers Killed
Posted: 01/16/2008 - The DeKalb County police chief is urging suspects in the killing of two off-duty police officers in an apparent ambush to turn themselves in.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - The DeKalb County police chief is urging suspects in the killing of two off-duty police officers in an apparent ambush to turn themselves in.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - House panel approves stricter dogfighting measures.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Man arrested in puppy's beating death.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Megachurch leader expected to turn himself in on perjury charge.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Huckabee to attend King Day tribute in Atlanta.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Congressman Oberstar confirms Northwest-Delta merger talks.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Judge sets March trial in Argentinian cash suitcase case.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Florida's top law enforcement official got a response yesterday about his request to access the computers of disgraced Florida Congressman Mark Foley.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - Assisted suicide advocate Doctor Jack Kevorkian says he didn't cause death, but ended suffering.
Posted: 01/16/2008 - New pictures of Castro show him frail but alert.
Updated: 01/15/2008 - An injured bald eagle took a flight today, but it's not what you'd expect. It flew on board a US Navy jet.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon says ``global measures'' need to be taken to improve security for U.N. staff and facilities worldwide.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - The State Department says an explosion targeting a U.S. Embassy vehicle in Beirut has injured an American citizen.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice wants Arab nations to reach out to their historic enemy, Israel, to help advance the peace process in the Middle East.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - It's the first attack in years to target U.S. diplomatic interests in Lebanon.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - A new threat from the Taliban has American and European workers thinking twice about where they eat in the Afghan capital.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - Two missing climbers are safe on Mount Hood in Oregon, and are making their way down the mountain.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - Authorities say at least one person has died in an explosion at a New Jersey plant.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - A third body has been found in the search for four children allegedly tossed from a coastal Alabama bridge. Authorities say the body was found in a Mississippi bayou near Pascagoula, by a Mississippi marine resources crew.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - Authorities in North Carolina have found a black pickup truck belonging to Marine Corporal Cesar Laurean, who's accused in the death of a pregnant comrade.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - A 911 recording of the Christmas Day tiger attack in San Francisco has been released.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - Burger King is telling suppliers it may stop buying tomatoes from southwestern Florida.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - The state legislature in Colorado is deciding whether a lawmaker should be disciplined for kicking a newspaper photographer.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - A federal judge today set a March trial date for the Argentinian cash suitcase case.
Posted: 01/15/2008 - A woman and her two children are dead after an explosion at a Winter Haven motel.


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
52 year old woman | Industry, PA, USA | Seeking men 40-55 within 50 miles
Looking for someone with a good heart, great sense of humor and who will be true to me.
I am not sure that I am comfortable with the online dating option. I honestly believe that a higher power is guiding my life and directing my steps. So why am I here? Possibly this is a channel for God to work through in my life. I'm down to earth, easy going and a hard worker. I love to laugh and make people laugh. I truly believe that laughter is the best medicine for the soul. I just simply love to have fun. My biggest pride are my 3 children. They are grown now and I am so proud of the people that they have become. Soon they will all be starting their own lives and I will miss them dearly but I will alway love them and be there for them anytime they need me. Family is very important to me. I work hard at taking care of myself both physically and mentally and my Faith is a big part of my life. It has gotten my through some tough times and for that I give God all the golry and I know that He is going to bless me someday with the perfect mate. I am just a "simple girl" (like Lynyrd Skynyrd's "simple man!") who likes the simple life and has a simple dream of meeting someone special who will be true to me, want to share in my and my family and grow old with. I have been told alot that I have a great smile and if that someone special is you, then you will see me smile quite often!
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Golf, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Middle of the Road
The Beach is my absolute FAVORITE!
I like classic rock, country and contemporary christian music. My favorite TV shows are a good comedy, American Idol and Dancing with the stars! I also like to listen to the news. I'm not a picky eater and like to try new things.
I like dinner and a movie (out or at home), concerts or live bands at a local nite club, shopping, cooking, playing cards and being outdoors when the weather is nice. I enjoy watching a good football, baseball or basketball game live, or on TV!
Joel Osteen.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Administrative / Secretarial
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (3)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Other
|Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|I'll tell you later
|No preference


text:
very much romantic
so nice
a very very lovk
Nice.... i dont have words,,, i like it very much....
nothing 2 say anything. this cards 2 say everything...
very lovely...
its cute :)
sooooooooo sweet
A beautiful 'I love you' card.
Send this heart ecard to your wife, lover, sweetheart or partner...
A fun way to tell your sweetheart/ spouse that you both make a perfect pair.
A love poem for your sweetheart.
Send this cute card to your beloved.
Send your love this ecard...
Music by Christine Calder (CC-50) used with permission. Send this beautiful ecard to...
Send this ecard to that special person in your life!
Describe your love with roses and words from your heart!
I' m not asking you to stay for the rest of my life, stay as long as you want. No why'...
Romantic visual to express how special he/ she is to you.
A beautiful romantic expression of love for your special someone.
A passionate romantic card to express your warm love emotions!
An elegant & romantic rose love expression for your loved one.
music and lyrics of more than you'll ever know... got these photos from the net and...
Please wait...
Please wait...
Get a weekly dose of stories on friendship, love, misadventures and special offers. It's free, read it once and you're hooked!
Read the latest newsletter or Editor Bob's Blog


text: Taylor Swift has a new man Taylor Swift Thu-02-Aug-12 08:22 Share this Tell Us What You Think WTF 0 LOL 0 FAIL 0 OMG 0 HOT 0 CUTE 0 ] By Jay-Jay FeeneyTAYLOR SWIFT may have a new boyfriend. ROBERT F. KENNEDY, JR.'s son Conor!They were seen holding hands over the weekend. You May Also Like Taylor Swift attacked at The Grammys! Taylor Swift buys $17m home... and pays in cash Fall out Boy play Killer Karaoke - covering Taylor Swift (NSFW) Become a fan of The Edge on Facebook and on Twitter .


text:
Litigation: Statutory immunity against claims arising from third-party content online
The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) was enacted to regulate online speech, and in particular, to protect minors from "patently offensive," "obscene," and "indecent" content on the Internet.
Top 10 career moves of 2012
Every other week, we publish a slideshow of noteworthy in-house career moves, to help you keep track of the comings and goings of inside counsel.
Defending against cyber-attacks
Given recent highly publicized cyber-attacks against companies such as Barnes & Noble, Citibank, Sony, Yahoo and Comcast (to name just a few), corporate security officers may be forgiven for wanting to take matters into their own hands by counterattacking (or "hacking back") into the computer systems of cybercriminals.
Yahoo names Ron Bell general counsel
Yahoo! Inc. has officially given Ron Bell the post of general counsel.
Roderick Palmore named to Goodyear's board
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. has named Roderick A. Palmore to its board of directors.
Yahoo user sues company for negligence
A Yahoo! Inc. user has sued the Internet giant claiming the company was negligent after it disclosed that a hacker stole about 450,000 user names and passwords from one of its sites.
Longtime Yahoo GC resigns
Only two months after the company's CEO Scott Thompson resigned over claims that he lied on his resume, the company's longtime executive vice president and general counsel announced his departure.
Technology: Is the FTC our Ministry of Truth?
The FTC's recent prosecution of Internet companies conjures up similarities to Orwell's dystopian future
Ex-Yahoo executive, fund manager plead guilty to insider trading
This has been the month of Yahoo executives behaving badly. Just a week after CEO Scott Thompson resigned for lying on his resume, another of the company's higher-ups has landed in hot water, this time for insider trading.
8 notable GCs in the news
Tracking some of the most-significant quotes from general counsel in the mainstream media


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
36 year old woman | Miami, FL, USA | Seeking men 33-47 within 50 miles
A Genuine Girl ..
Hi There!!! I'm a very easy going person, I can easily have a great time on the couch watching a great movie, as I can also put on a pair of heels and go out for a nice dinner, maybe some dancing. I think of myself as a loyal, caring, loving, respectful, & most of all I would say a fun person :). I have great energy, enthusiasm for life and all that it offers! I'm blessed to have a great family and amazing friends which I spend time with often. Being spontaneous, traveling, cooking, anything that involves the outdoors, sun, beach, a great bottle of wine, my coffee in the morning, eating well, keeping healthy & fit - I workout 3-4 times a week are things that I love. I'm passionate, affectionate, and a hopeful romantic!!! I hope to meet a trustworthy, charming, respectful gentlemen who compliments me & shares my outlook in life. Don't enjoy drama & would welcome a man that knows who he is and what he wants. To laugh with someone and share great moments is what I'm looking for, the rest will follow!
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Dancing, Skiing, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
Sugar Cane, Soho Beach House, Standard, anywhere in Italy, Costa Rica, Keys
cafe con leche, fresh flowers, the smell of rain, ocean breeze on my skin, my gym, being silly with my daughter
feeling the sand under my feet, cooking, traveling, movies, dancing, anything outdoors, going to a concert, trying new places, beach days
Aleph by Paulo Coelho book, NY Times, Travel Magazines
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|5'9" (175cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|No preference
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
Costa Rican (Tica)
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|English, Spanish
|Bachelors degree
|Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
New Application Date
Faculty Conference Travel Grant
applications open at 8:00am on
July 15 (for travel Oct - Dec).
More resources coming soon!
Quigley, B. L. (1998) Designing and grading oral communication assignments, New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 1998(74), 41-49.
Speaking and Listening Competencies for College Students, National Communication Association, 1998
Avanzino, S. (2010). Starting from Scratch and Getting Somewhere: Assessment of Oral Communication Proficiency in General Education across Lower and Upper Division Courses. Communication Teacher, 24(2), 91-110.


text:
Originally written on Football Nation | Last updated 9/16/13
As the dust settled and Jaguars head coach Gus Bradley told the media at his Monday press conference he thought there was both progression and regression on the team's performance from Sunday.He also said he hoped the injury to Maurice Jones-Drew was something that would still allow him to play this coming weekend when the Jaguars travel to Seattle to face Bradley's former team, the Seahawks."He has a tendon strain," said Bradley Monday afternoon. "All accounts are that looks pretty good – I know he felt good this morning," Bradley said Monday during a press conference at the team hotel in Fremont.That's good news for us.Since the injury is not as severe as it could have been, the hope is the team's biggest draw could be on the field Sunday.While the Jaguars could have the services of their running back, the odds of them being able to go into the game without Blaine Gabbert behind center for the second week in a row. Gabbert received 15 stitches after the opener against Kansas City....
Comments are closed.
What do you think?To leave a comment, you can:
NFL News
Delivered to your inbox
You'll also receive Yardbarker's daily Top 10, featuring the best sports stories from around the web. Customize your newsletter to get articles on your favorite sports and teams. And the best part? It's free!
Follow us on Twitter
|Best of Yardbarker
|NFL News
|MLB News
Today's Best Stuff
For Bloggers
Join the Yardbarker Network for more promotion, traffic, and money.
Company Info
What is Yardbarker?
Yardbarker is the largest network of sports blogs and pro athlete blogs on the web. This site is the hub of the Yardbarker Network, where our editors and algorithms curate the best sports content from our network and beyond.
|© 2015 Yardbarker, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of these Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. (What's New?)


text:
Property is in very high demand and likely to sell quickly, even if it is overpriced or not in the best condition. Sellers receive multiple offers and the price is usually bid up above the seller's initial asking price.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 196
|New: 31
|Recently Sold: 363
|Reduced: 51
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 8,117
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in 50021 is $264,619, which is 23.6% higher than the average sold price in 50021 ($214,033) . The average home price per square foot in 50021 is $143 and about 4% of all homes in 50021 sold in the last 6 months. For 50021 home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 8,117 property records or search our 363 recently sold or 196 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in 50021 are only a part of the 1,062,336 properties and 16,196 homes for sale in Iowa. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of 50021 also influence the average home price $125,211 and average sale price $160,326 of Iowa. Listing counts, 50021 home prices and home values in 50021 are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


text:
|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Due to the importance of microbes as model organisms, biotechnology tools, and contributors to mammalian and ecosystem metabolism, there has been longstanding interest in measuring their metabolite levels. Current metabolomic methods, involving mass spectrometry-based measurement of cell extracts, enable routine quantitation of most central metabolites. Metabolomics alone, however, is inadequate to understand cellular metabolic activity: Flux measurement and proteomic, genetic, and biochemical approaches with a metabolomics bent are all needed. Here we highlight examples where these integrated methods have contributed to discovery of metabolic pathways, regulatory interactions, and homeostasis mechanisms. We also indicate enduring challenges concerning unstable and low abundance compounds, subcellular compartmentalization, and quantitative amalgamation of different data types.
Systems biology aims to explain physiological processes in terms of the concerted actions of numerous biochemicals. Microbial metabolism would seem to provide a promising arena for achieving this aim. Balanced growth in diverse environments a hallmark of microbial physiology is a metabolic capability. Microbes are relatively simple. Model microbes are also easy to grow and genetically tractable. The connections between metabolites, catalyzed by enzymatic transformations, are well mapped.
Consistent with this promise, microbial metabolism has been among the fastest areas of systems biology to develop. A key driver in this regard has been the constraints-based computational approach of flux balance analysis (FBA). A remarkable finding has been that E. coli (although not most other microbes) often maximizes growth per unit of carbon source consumed: Fluxes are optimally efficient [1]. This raises key questions: What regulatory mechanisms lead to flux optimality? How are these mechanisms different in organisms that have different metabolic objectives? How do these mechanisms coordinate appropriate responses to changing nutrient availability?
Metabolomics, defined broadly as the systems biology of metabolism, aims to address these questions. Metabolomics, defined more narrowly as comprehensive metabolite measurement, provides a critical tool for doing so. Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of microbial metabolomics and its integration with other experimental approaches. Metabolomics and genomics provide complementary tools for identifying metabolites and their reactions and thus reconstructing metabolic networks. Metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics each provide data on the concentrations of cellular biochemicals. Fluxomics measures the cellular rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This concentration and flux data, when overlaid on the metabolic network architecture, can be used to build and test quantitative, integrative models of microbes. The modeling process itself often leads to fundamental advances, e.g., when new reactions or regulation are required for the model to match experimental results. Moreover, the resulting predictive models should have value in the development and optimization of industrial processes, e.g., for producing desired metabolic products.
Here we briefly review the current state of metabolomic methods for microbes. We then examine case studies where comprehensive metabolite measurement has been successfully used in concert with other experimental methods and quantitative modeling to enable pathway discovery, regulatory inference, and understanding of homeostatic capabilities. Throughout, we point out areas where technological advances are particularly needed.
Prototrophic microbes have a core metabolome consisting of approximately 700 compounds involved in central metabolism and essential biosynthetic pathways [2]. Including secondary metabolism and lipids, the actual number of small molecule species found in a typical microbe is substantially greater. Many core metabolites are biosynthetic intermediates that are present in low levels, often more than 10,000-fold less than the most abundant metabolites [3]. Such trace metabolites remain challenging to measure by any analytical technique. Instrumentation with improved sensitivity, as well as methods for their concentration (e.g., by solid phase extraction), are needed. More abundant core metabolites, including central carbon intermediates, amino acids, nucleotides, and cofactors, can be measured en masse by current LC-MS methods [4]. GC-MS and NMR provide complementary information by enabling quantitation of uncharged metabolites that are hard to measure by LC-MS [5,6]. In skilled hands, they, as well as CE-MS [7], also can largely substitute for LC-MS.
Metabolome measurement is a multiple-step process. Typical steps include cell growth, metabolism quenching, metabolome extraction, sample concentration, detection by LC-MS or another advanced instrument, and data analysis. As metabolite levels can change within seconds in microbes, special care must be taken to avoid artifacts due to cell handling steps prior to metabolome quenching [8]. For absolute metabolite quantitation, it is important to add isotopic internal standards at the time of metabolome quenching, so that the standards experience equal chances for degradative and absorptive losses as the endogenous compounds [9]. Many of the known approaches for non-disruptive, rapid metabolism quenching also initiate the extraction process [10]. For extraction of core metabolites from microbes, a 40:40:20 mixture of acetonitrile:methanol:water at cold temperature generally works well [11]. This mixture, especially with addition of formic acid, effectively preserves adenylate energy charge. Methods that similarly preserve NADH and NADPH are still needed. Once an extract is obtained, it can be concentrated using a nitrogen gas stream or freeze drier. Although risking metabolome alterations, the concentration step can both enhance signals and remove solvents that may interfere with subsequent analysis. For example, organic solvent in the sample can impair reversed phase LC separation.
In terms of actual analysis, many methods will give adequate results, and a combination of methods is often best [12]. A particularly effective single LC-MS method involves reversed phase LC separation with tributylamine ion pairing agent to enhance retention of anionic compounds, coupled to MS by negative mode electrospray ionization (ESI) [13–15]. This method covers, in one shot, most abundant core metabolites. A disadvantage is that tributylamine will interfere with positive mode ESI and is hard to wash out of an LC. Thus an LC dedicated to negative mode analysis is required.
In terms of mass spectrometers, triple quadrupole instruments are robust and good for measuring targeted metabolites. High resolution full scan detectors (time-of-flight or orbitrap) provide similar quantitation of known metabolites while also providing data on unexpected compounds. Accordingly, they are emerging as leading metabolomic tools. A continuing push in the mass spectrometry field is for more sensitive instruments with better mass resolution. Improved sensitivity will increase the range of metabolites that can be measured; better mass resolution will filter out interferences and reduce the risk of compound misidentification.
Despite complete sequencing of numerous microbial genomes, the functions of many genes remain unknown and many catalyzed transformations are performed by unknown gene products. This represents a major barrier to building accurate genome-scale models of metabolism. Accordingly, a major and long-standing goal of metabolomics is gene function assignment [16,17], recently reviewed in [18]. A simple approach involves examining metabolic changes in knockout strains [19,20]. For enzyme knockouts, substrate accumulation and/or product depletion is expected. For example, the compound changing most in a yeast deletion strain for YKL215C was oxoproline, leading to subsequent biochemical confirmation of YKL215C as an oxoprolinase [14]. Enhanced metabolomic throughput may soon enable such analyses at the genome-scale [21].
For known pathways, the mere observation of pathway metabolites can be a powerful aid in demonstrating the pathway's activity. For example, in the promising bioenergy organism Clostridium acetobutylicum, the presence of citrate provided immediate evidence for existence of a functional TCA cycle, despite the paucity of annotated TCA enzymes. A complete, bifurcated cycle was then revealed using isotope tracers [22].
It is also possible for well known pathways to operate in a new manner. For example, feeding of 13C-labeled glutamine to the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum revealed a variant of the TCA cycle that bifurcates at α-ketoglutarate. In addition to carbon flowing clockwise from α-ketoglutarate through succinate to malate, it also flows counterclockwise through citrate to acetyl-CoA and malate [23]. The resulting bifurcated cycle is redox neutral and produces two carbon units. Enzymes involved uniquely in Plasmodium metabolism, such as the yet-to-be-defined citrate-cleaving enzyme, could become important drug targets.
For novel substrates and pathways, the hard work remains compound structure identification and pathway assembly. Better ability to predict structures from MS/MS data computationally would have great value. While some such methods exist [24], current work typically relies substantially on experimentation, as exemplified in recent mapping of a new pathway of pyrimidine catabolism in E. coli. Building from the observation that knockout of the rut operon blocks use of uracil as a sole nitrogen source, Loh et al. used a combination of 14C tracing and GC-MS to demonstrate that enzymes of the rut operon degrade uracil to 3-hydroxypropionic acid with concomitant release of two molecules of ammonia [25]. Follow-up studies have begun to elucidate the underlying enzymatic mechanisms [26].
A set of organisms known as methylotrophs are of industrial interest for their ability produce complex molecules from methane or methanol. Methanol is assimilated by its reaction with glycine to yield serine. In the organism Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, there was a long-standing question regarding the pathway used to produce glyoxlyate, the carbon skeleton for the glycine. One hypothesis involved a series of nine steps known as the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway, which had not been demonstrated in any organism. Recently, Peyraud et al. were able to show the presence of every intermediate of this putative pathway in M. extorquens using high resolution LC-MS [27••]. Furthermore, they showed that these compounds label from supplemented 13C-acetate in the temporal order of the proposed pathway (Figure 2). This was quite a technical tour-de-force given that the intermediates are liable CoA thioesters, and that labeling occurred very quickly reaching completion within 10 s. But, with the use of acid to stabilize the thioesters and a careful manual method for direct quenching and harvesting of metabolites, definitive support for the pathway was obtained. An important aspect of the pathway is its overall stoichiometry, which is capable of building two trioses from three methanol and three CO2 molecules (Figure 2). This costs less methanol and assimilates more CO2 than the serine cycle used in some other methylotrophs. Thus, metabolomics-driven identification of the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway has elevated overall interest in M. extorquens as an industrial organism. In sum, these investigations demonstrate the power of combining metabolomics with other techniques for elucidating novel pathway architectures.
More than simply resolving the connections of species, metabolomics provides a quantitative tool to investigate their dynamics. These can then provide insight into metabolic regulation. The resulting knowledge of regulatory mechanisms can then help guide bioengineering efforts to control metabolic flux rationally and expand our comprehension of microbial physiology, which is often involves a series of evanescent or even oscillating states [28].
A simple proof-of-concept study of metabolic dynamics involves the nitrogen assimilation network of E. coli. While there are only three central nitrogen metabolites (glutamine, glutamate, and α-ketoglutarate) and three enzymes, these are tied to all of central metabolism through the TCA cycle and energy cofactors (ATP and NADPH).
One of the enzymes, glutamine synthetase, is controlled by a cascade of protein covalent modification that has been studied extensively [29,30]. This cascade is allosterically regulated by glutamine and α-ketoglutarate. In examining the metabolomic response to increased ammonia availability, Yuan et al. observed the strongest metabolic changes in these two compounds [31•]. The changes percolated into other amino acids and TCA cycle compounds but not more broadly. Cofactor and glycolytic intermediate concentrations were nearly constant. Kinetic modeling of the concentrations of the central nitrogen compounds revealed that even this simple pathway contains unappreciated regulatory interactions. Transcription, protein covalent modification, and allostery were all known from genetics and biochemistry to play a role. However, the rate of glutamate biosynthesis was instead controlled primarily by competition between different amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate) for the active site of glutamate synthase. Given the crowded nature of the cytosol, such active site competition may be a common contributor to in vivo metabolic regulation. Identifying cases of such competition may help in bioengineering efforts. For example, when such competition occurs, increasing the concentration of an enzyme's substrate far above the in vitro Km value may be required to achieve near-maximal metabolic flux.
Akin to nitrogen assimilation, the respiro-fermentative transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied extensively [32,33]. A mystery arising from these investigations was the rapid depletion of adenine nucleotides upon addition to glucose to respiring yeast. Abundant glucose would be expected to lead to rapid conversion of ATP to ADP as the hexokinase reaction rushes forward. However, depletion of ATP occurred without a corresponding increase in ADP or AMP. To investigate, Walther et al. [34••] used LC-MS. They determined that the "missing" ATP could precisely be accounted for by increases in the purine salvage pathway intermediates inosine and inosine monophosphate (Figure 3). ADP made by hexokinase is converted by adenylate kinase to AMP, which is then deaminated by Amd1. This pathway for degradation of AMP is selectively active in the presence of a hexose sugar. While wasteful of energy, it has the benefit of transiently helping to maintain adenylate energy charge. Since the presence of hexose sugar guarantees adequate long-term energy, it is important for cells to avoid being fooled by a temporary build-up of AMP into acting as if they are energy limited. In addition, AMP degradation helps ensure that ATP wins the competition for enzyme active sites. This case study highlights the importance that microbes place on properly matching internal metabolite levels with environmental conditions in this case, low AMP with an energy rich sugar-containing environment.
In both of these studies, mutants defective in transitions following nutrient addition but not steady state growth were critical to discovering these dynamic regulatory mechanisms. In each case, the regulatory mechanisms deal in part with "indicator" metabolites glutamine as a sign of nitrogen sufficiency and AMP of energy insufficiency. The mechanisms are specifically designed to function in a crowded cytosolic environment filled with many look-alike metabolites. In former case, this crowding helps glutamine properly drive metabolic flux. In the latter case, energy is spent to avoid the possibility of AMP or ADP detrimentally dwelling in active sites meant for ATP, their more energy rich cousin. The carefully regulated responses of metabolite concentrations during nutrient shifts suggest tight evolutionary optimization of these transitions.
While active site occupancy, allostery, and protein covalent modification enable fast metabolic responses, metabolism is also regulated on longer time scales by changes in enzyme concentrations. As bioengineering efforts typically involve sustained growth of genetically modified microbes, understanding the interplay of transcriptional and faster acting regulatory mechanisms in control of metabolism is especially industrially relevant. Two recent studies in yeast shed light on this topic, by probing how metabolism adapts when enzyme levels are dysregulated due to transcription factor knockout.
Fendt et al. measured transcript, enzyme, and metabolite concentrations in wild-type yeast and a GCR2 transcription factor mutant [35•]. This mutant exhibits decreased glycolytic and enhanced TCA cycle enzyme expression. The resulting changes in enzyme levels are buffered by changes in substrate concentrations so as to maintain metabolic flux a property essential for cell growth. Interestingly, this observed anti-correlation (enzyme down, substrate up, and vice versa) was stronger for glycolytic and TCA cycle compounds than for reaction cofactors (e.g., NAD+). This is in keeping with recent data from E. coli, which suggests that cofactor sites are usually substrate-saturated, whereas sites for glycolytic and TCA metabolites often are not [3]. Changing glycolytic and TCA metabolite levels therefore is the more straightforward road to modulating flux than varying cofactors. In follow-up experiments, expression of specific glycolytic enzymes was reduced using a Tet-repressible promoter system in place of the more globally perturbed GCR2 mutant. Consistent with flux compensation through greater substrate active-site occupancy, this brought about local accumulation of the enzyme substrates. This accommodation of altered enzyme levels by substrate concentration changes is in accordance with flux control being distributed over multiple pathway enzymes, as argued by metabolic control analysis [36]. It is also possible, however, that flux control resides outside of glycolysis or the TCA cycle per se, e.g., in demand for ATP or in regulation of glucose uptake. Resolving such issues is of more than academic interest. For example, if glycolytic flux is limited by demand for ATP, then even over-expression of the full glycolytic pathway would not enhance production of the biofuel ethanol; however, expressing a general ATP hydrolyase might do so.
Amino acid biosynthesis in yeast provides such a case where flux control typically resides outside of a metabolic pathway. Except in cases (such as glycine) where a single amino acid can be made multiple different ways, steady-state pathway flux must match consumption by protein synthesis. Moxley et al. probed the means by which yeast lacking the GCN4 transcription factor maintain amino acid production when enzyme levels are inappropriately low [37•]. An inhibitor of histidine biosynthesis was titrated into cultures of wild type and mutant yeast to induce matched growth rates. This inhibitor caused amino acid starvation and thus, in wild-type cells, GCN4-induced expression of amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. In the absence of such expression, amino acid levels were lower, and this appeared to restore flux by relief of feedback inhibition by metabolite end products.
Glycine biosynthesis presented an interesting exception to the norm of metabolic flux conservation. In the absence of GCN4 activation, yeast synthesize glycine primarily from serine; upon its activation, glycine is instead made from threonine. While Moxley et al. found no overall correlation between transcript levels and biosynthetic fluxes, the GCN4-driven shift in the route of glycine biosynthesis was accompanied by matching changes in enzyme transcript levels.
These two studies examined different aspects of yeast metabolism under experimental conditions that demanded flux conservation. In the face of deranged transcription, yeast maintained flux through altered levels of metabolic substrates [35•] and of allosteric effectors [37•]. When an overt shift in pathway usage occurred (i.e., of routes of glycine biosynthesis), this was driven by transcriptional regulation. In a biotechnology setting, the flux maintenance would have been a depressing outcome a failure of metabolic engineering. In a more natural setting, rather than maintaining similar flux, the transcription-defective mutants would have been out-competed for scarce nutrients and ended up flux-deficient. Thus, while these studies highlight the potential for tradeoffs between metabolite and enzyme levels, further work is needed to understand how these tradeoffs play out in natural and industrial environments. To enable effective engineering, identifying points of flux control is particularly important. Figuring out the best way to do this via metabolomics and other modern methods is an open area of research.
There are two overarching goals of integrated flux regulation: optimizing fluxes and maintaining metabolite levels within acceptable homeostatic bounds. Simultaneously meeting these goals is facilitated by the acceptable homeostatic bound often being broad, e.g., greater than 10-fold. For example, yeast abruptly transitioned to nitrogen starvation quickly manifest lower amino acid levels but do not slow growth for at least one generation [38]. Similarly, E. coli lacking the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme transaldolase (talAB) grow at only a slightly reduced rate on xylose, despite 40-fold accumulation of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate [39•].
For genetic deletions, the ability to maintain homeostasis reflects intrinsic robustness of the metabolic network. For most of central metabolism, when one pathway is knocked out, another automatically assumes its function. As microbes have not evolved to deal with genetic changes, they do not manifest a substantial adaptive transcriptional response. For example in E. coli, knockout of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase eliminates the normal route for making the required nucleic acid component ribose-5-phosphate. Its level accordingly falls very low [40]. Independent of changes in enzyme levels, this metabolite concentration change results in reversal of flux through the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The "backwards" flux reroutes carbon from fructose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate, providing the essential metabolite. Such flux reversal requires changes in metabolite concentrations sufficient to shift the ΔG for the entire pathway from positive to negative.
Recently, Nakahigashi et al. have found evidence for promiscuity of certain central carbon metabolic enzymes. Such promiscuity provides another potential source of metabolic network robustness [39•]. For example, in the transaldolase knockout mentioned above, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate accumulates to sufficient levels to compete with fructose-6-phosphate for the active site of phosphofructokinase. Ensuing phosphorylation produces sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate, which is then hydrolyzed to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate by fructose-bisphosphate aldolase. This provides a route to catabolize xylose in the absence of transaldolase activity. This alternate activity can support around 90% of the wild type growth rate, an impressive amount given that phosphofructokinase likely evolved to minimize, rather than maximize, use of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate as its substrate. An intriguing possibility is that such enzyme promiscuity could be put to use for bioengineering purposes.
In contrast to genetic ablations, changing environmental conditions have been strong drivers of microbial evolution. Accordingly, both transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms for producing appropriate metabolic responses are extensive. These mechanisms are critically needed, both to optimize long-term fluxes and to avoid immediate toxicity due to excessive metabolome alteration. For example, E. coli lacking the ability to inactivate glutamine synthetase by covalent modification suffer toxic metabolic derangements when shifted into a nitrogen-rich environment [31•].
Despite these homeostatic mechanisms, the response of the metabolome to changing environmental conditions is rapid and specific [41]. The speed reflects the short lifetime of most metabolites. The specificity reflects the direct ties between intracellular metabolites and the nutrient environment. For example, in yeast, glutamine is a direct product of ammonia and a sentinel of nitrogen status; ATP is a direct product of inorganic phosphate and a sentinel of phosphorous status [42]. Together, this quickness and specificity enables metabolites to serve as reliable signals of the nutrient environment to ever-vigilant cells. Metabolite concentrations modulate metabolic flux, trigger signaling cascades, regulate transcription factor activity, and alter biomass production rates.
Given dynamic interplay between metabolites, fluxes, proteins, and transcripts, where does this leave us in terms of making use of metabolomic data? Currently, metabolomic data is used mainly for two purposes: to get a general impression of metabolome changes and to pick out a few interesting compounds for further study. New approaches are much needed to capitalize fully on both the data's comprehensive and quantitative nature. To this end, FBA could provide a useful starting point for global quantitative analysis. Recently, Yizhak et al. devised a framework to augment FBA with enzyme and metabolite concentration data [43•]. Their method refines the underdetermined flux space of traditional FBA with estimates of fluxes based on Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. The requisite parameters are derived using metabolomic data to estimate enzyme active site saturation and proteomic data to estimate changes in enzyme Vmax values. As highlighted above, these metrics are directly relevant to metabolic control. Their method predicted the flux effects of enzyme knockouts in E. coli substantially better than FBA alone.
Dynamic models are an important complement to constraints-based models like FBA, as they capture mechanisms of flux control. A difficulty of such models is that they typically involve a large number of unmeasured parameters [44]. As shown in Yuan et al., metabolomic data can be used for parameter identification as well as for model testing and refinement [31•]. Because dynamic models can quickly become intractable, it is most promising, initially, to develop and validate sub-network models, e.g., of specific pathways. Validated sub-network models can then be joined to simulate larger and larger systems. Metabolites at the sub-networks' interfaces are candidates for regulating integration between them. A key question is whether such joining together of subnetwork models will yield larger predictive models.
A great deal remains to be learned to understand entirely the metabolism of any microbe, even one as simple and genetically tractable as E. coli. A pivotal milestone will be reaching a degree of understanding sufficient to enable quantitative prediction, based on underlying biochemistry, of metabolome-wide response to perturbations. For prokaryotes, the most important barrier in this regard is probably in quantitative data integration. While better data more precise measurements of more metabolites in more conditions would surely help, existing methods are largely adequate.
For eukaryotes, to deal with their extensive compartmentation, improved experimental methods are a more pressing need. All current methods for quenching metabolism also result in mixing of metabolites between subcellular compartments; accordingly, standard fractionation approaches, common in proteomics, are not viable for metabolomics. There is no direct solution to this critical problem on the horizon. Instead, the most immediate hope seems to lie in fluorescence-based measurements of metabolite concentrations in live cells and subcellular compartments [45]. The expansive chemical diversity of metabolites necessitates a correspondingly vast collection of specific protein sensors, whose scarcity currently limits these techniques. But advances in artificial evolution and design of binding proteins should accelerate these in situ metabolite measurements over the coming decade such that double-digit numbers of metabolites concentrations may be resolved spatially in real time.
While yeast and E. coli happily grow unaccompanied in a test tube, most ecologically and medically interesting microbiology involves multiple organisms. There have already been informative metabolomic studies of multi-organism systems, which range in complexity from a defined virus-host cell pair [46–48] to diverse organisms colonizing the mammalian gut [49–51]. Such systems highlight the need for spatially localized metabolite measurements as well as for computational methods of integrating multifarious data sets. As the relevant techniques evolve, the next decade should see substantial breakthroughs in understanding the metabolic interchanges in such microcosms.
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text:
We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
Features of This Trackbasic rock song structures
a subtle use of vocal harmony
acoustic rhythm piano
mixed acoustic and electric instrumentation
acoustic rhythm guitars
classic rhodes sound
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
Even tho it makes me think of someone.... Everything I see reminds me of him, and it hurts...
Yay, parachute!!! !
Let me be your ghost,


text:
About Break-Fest 2013, West YorkshireWe're very excited to announce the launch of Boston Spa's second Break-fest event to be held in October 2015 at the Village Hall. Everyone is welcome, so check your diaries!
What is Break-fest, I hear you ask ? Well, local folk and local businesses are coming together to create a veritable festival of good breakfast food, market stalls, activities and music running all day long. And all in aid of Oxfam's festival unit, Oxjam, so profits will be heading off to a good cause as well.
Entry is free and there'll be something there for absolutely everyone - just come along to whichever part of the day you fancy. We'll be open 10.30am to 4.00 pm.
You'll find more details on the pages of this website telling you all the what's and when's and how much's and how do I's ........(etc.). And if you Like our Facebook page and you can also get updates on the event's latest news as we head towards the date.
Happy browsing, and hope to see you on the day!
Sep 16, 2013
All Break-fest's proceeds are destined for the Oxfam charity.More
Sep 2, 2013
Announcing the Market Stalls presenting at Break-fest on 29th September.More
View Our Latest News


text:
Here's the schedule for our July 10 summit of entrepreneurial journalism educators at CUNY's Tow-Knight Center for same. Good news: We have a *limited* budget to help with travel for those who need it thanks to the Scripps Howard Foundation. If you teach (or plan to teach) entrepreneurial journalism, sign up now.
Entertainment Weekly, the genesis
This has inspired me to scan and post the genesis documents for Entertainment Weekly. Here is my original 1984 memo proposing the magazine (with a few updates for resubmission in 1986). Here, too, is the rejection from on high. The magazine finally started six years after I first proposed it.
I teach EW as a case most terms at the start of my entrepreneurial journalism class at CUNY, so I keep the documents around (I specifically got permission to keep the launch documents when I stormed out of EW). There's more where these came from.
The right to remember, damnit
A reporter asked me for reaction to news that Google has put up a form to meet a European court's insane and dangerous ruling and allow people to demand that links to content they don't like about themselves be taken down. Here's what I said:
This is a most troubling event for speech, the web, and Europe.
The court has trampled the free-speech rights not only of Google but of the sites — and speakers — to which it links.
The court has undertaken to control knowledge — to erase what is already known — which in concept is offensive to an open and modern society and in history is a device used by tyrannies; one would have hoped that European jurists of all people would have recognized the danger of that precedent.
The court has undermined the very structure of Sir Tim Berners-Lee's invention, the link — the underpinning of the web itself — by making now Google (and next perhaps any of us) liable just for linking to information. Will newspapers be forced to erase what they link to or quote? Will libraries be forced to take metaphoric cards out of their catalogs?
The court has, ironically, made Google only more powerful, making it the adjudicator of what information should and should not be found. The court has also given Google ludicrous parameters — e.g., having to decide what is relevant to what; relevant to whom; relevant in what context?
We don't know how this order will be implemented by the various search engines. One question is what right of notice and appeal a delinked site will have.
If this process is public, as it should be, then doesn't that have the potential to bring even more attention to the information in dispute? Another question is whether content will be made invisible in Europe but will still be visible — as I hope it will be — in the rest of the world, where the European court has no authority. Will this then allow others to compare search results and make the banned information only more visible? In the end, has the court assured a Streisand effect — or, as the comedian John Oliver said on his HBO show, the one thing that is known about the Spaniard who brought this case is the thing that he does not want known.
Further, what of search engines and sites that have no European offices and thus the court has no authority over them? If they refuse to delink on demand will the court ban these sites for European view?
Finally, I am concerned about the additive effect of this ruling on Europe's reputation as technophobic or anti-American. Add to this especially various actions in Germany — government officials demanding a "Verpixelungsrecht" (a right to be pixelated) in Google Street View despite the fact that these are images taken of public views in public places; German publishers ganging up on Google to strongarm politicians into passing a law limiting the quoting of snippets of content and now threatening to break up Google — in addition to similarly head-scratching moves in France, Italy, and elsewhere. Is Europe a place where any technology company or investor will choose to work?
You ask about Eric Schmidt and David Drummond cochairing the advisory committee. That is a clear indication of how profound and dangerous this situation is in Google's view. It so happens I was in Mountain View two weeks ago speaking to the all-hands meeting of Google's privacy teams and I can tell you they were shocked at the ruling. I also said much of what I've said to you there. I am appalled by this ruling. [As a matter of disclosure, Google paid my travel expenses but I have no business relationship with Google.]
Calling all entrepreneurial journalism profs
If you teach or soon plan to teach entrepreneurial journalism, the Tow-Knight Center for Entrepreneurial Journalism — my colleague Jeremy Caplan and I — invite you to attend a day-long summit at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism in New York on July 10.
Our small, new field has grown like weeds. Dozens of journalism schools and foundations are now training and supporting the next generation of media leaders to report, edit, close sales, capture audiences, and run businesses. Our goal is to enable those of you who've pioneered these efforts — as well as those just getting into the field — to share best practices and common challenges.
We plan to invite an expert from entrepreneurial education in another field to speak, and ask some of our former students to discuss their experience starting up companies. But on the whole, the day is about your lessons learned, concerns, and needs — and to see whether and how we should collaborate as a group in the future.
Please register here if you plan to attend, or aren't sure yet, but want to reserve a place. If you cannot attend, we will plan to stream the event and actively involve remote participants in the discussion. Watch this space.
A German business model
You will never find a finer example of a certain German business model popular in the internet age than in an open letter to Google's Eric Schmidt written by Mathias Döpfner, head of the conservative German publishing giant Axel Springer. (English translation courtesy of the all-seeing, all-powerful Google here.)
The essence of that business model, as practiced especially by German and sometimes French legacy publishers, is to stomp their feet like pouty kindergartners missing a turn at kickball, whining "that's not fair" and yelling that everything wrong on this playground is the fault of another kid, then running to hide behind the skirt of the teacher. That is what Döpfner does here, demonizing Google (and Mark Zuckerberg while he's at it) for numerous perceived sins I'll explore below and — here's the real agenda — demanding that the European Commission rescue the dinosaurs (his word) with regulation.
What a humiliating moment it must be for a powerful businessman to admit that he cannot compete in the marketplace. The entire letter struck me as an act of economic self-castration. It must also hurt for the head of a bastion of political conservatism in Germany — the publisher of the newspaper Bild, a Fox-News-with-boobs, and the leader of the company that constructed its headquarters ass-on the Berlin Wall just to extend a middle finger to the communists across it — to now beg government (the EU at that) for regulation. You'd think Döpfner lived in San Francisco and was a dancer in clown suit blocking Google buses. This is a call for big-government interference in the market we wouldn't see even from the Guardian or The New York Times.
There's history here. Döpfner and Springer led a fight by German publishers to stop Google from, in their view, stealing snippets of their articles on Google News — even though, as Eric Schmidt likes to point out, Google sends 10 billion vists to publishers every month. Here, too, the big boys of publishing ran to hide behind the skirts of government, getting a law called the Leistungschutzrecht passed. That seemed like victory until all the publishers went ahead and allowed Google to quote and link to them because, to paraphrase Woody Allen, they needed the eggs. Insert pouty foot-stomping here.
In the meantime, the antitrust forces of the European Commission investigated Google and negotiated an agreement. But this doesn't go far enough for Döpfner. And, besides, a defanged, pacified, regulated, cooperative Google is no fun if you want to kick up dust on the playground and blame someone else for all your woes. Young Döpfner needs Google to be a big, bad bully.
So in his letter, Döpfner pulls out every last stop to demonize Google. He compares Google with the Mafia, complaining that the EC's agreement with Google — stipulating the ability of competitors to buy ads on Google — smacks of "protection money." (Would Springer's Bild take ads from its competitors?) But that's nothing. Döpfner says Mark Zuckerberg views on privacy could come from the head of the Stasi (I find this trivialization of an evil regime offensive); he says Google "sits on the entire privacy of mankind like the giant Fafner in the Ring of the Nibelung;" and then, giving up is last shred of subtlety, invokes Orwell. "Forget Big Brother," Döpfner squeals, "Google is better!"
Döpfner complains about Google's search-engine market share, not mentioning that German users — last I knew — gave Google its second-highest penetration in the world, and he also makes its success in creating great services in video, email, and mobile sound ominous. He complains about Google's self-driving cars competing with Volkswagen and about Google buying Nest and entering our homes. Parody comes to life:
But Döpfner goes much farther in his effort to portray Google as a dark specter overtaking Europe when he frets about Google buying drone companies and allegedly planning huge ships and floating offices operating in stateless waters and wonders whether it will create a superstate floating free of laws. "One needn't be a conspiracy theorist," he says, "to find this disturbing."
Then Döpfner makes a series of recommendations that I am confident he knows are absurd, for I know Döpfner and he is as very smart man. He asks that Google reveal the quantitative criteria behinds its search algorithm, though, of course, that would only enable every spammer on earth to game Google, making it worthless as as service. He asks Google to not store IP addresses and to delete cookies after every session, making targeted advertising impossible and also making Google and its advertising business worthless. He complains about Google and other companies — singling out Jawbone — collecting and using behavioral data to support free services, concluding that "it is better and cheaper to pay with something old-fashioned: simply with money."
Aha. That is — or was — Springer's business model until it failed at newspapers and sold most of them, except Bild and its ever-struggling Welt — buying digital enterprises to replace them. Döpfner would like to force the world into his model: People used to buy our content with money so they must continue. To invent new models, well, that's just not fair, is it? Anything else should be stomped out by government protecting the incumbents. There's his real agenda.
I find this more tragic than comic. Just as Germany is moving past its reputation for being skittish with entrepreneurial risk and failure, just as it is giving up its bad habit of copycatting American internet startups rather than inventing their own, and just as Berlin's start-up scene — very near Springer's headquarters in what used to be the East — is coming into its own as a real creative, technical, and entrepreneurial powerhouse, here comes a titan of old industry making his nation appear technophobic, uncompetitive, and even slightly anticapitalistic.
I don't think Döpfner believes most of what he wrote, just as Springer and its fellow travelers really didn't believe in their Leistungschutzrecht. I heard publishers there say that they pushed for the law just so they could strengthen their negotiating position with Google. Too bad for them it didn't work. So now Döpfner continues to play, thinking that by bullying Google in the press and with government, he can get a pity turn at kickball. But he should beware the unintended consequences of his game, affecting the reputation of Germany as a source of technological and industrial innovation and inviting greater government regulation and interference in markets.
I am surprised you fear Google, Mathias. I thought you were stronger than that.
[Disclosures: Axel Springer flew me a few years ago to speak at its managers' retreat in Tuscany and I've also been engaged to speak at its headquarters. Google is flying me to its headquarters — with no other fee — in two weeks to speak to its privacy group. I own Google stock. I have always found Döpfner and the editor of Bild, Kai Diekmann, to be charming and smart and I've said much of what I just said here to them over wine.]
What now for news? Relationships
Here are links to the next parts of an essay I've been working on about new relationships, new forms, and new business models for news. These links are the last two bits of the section on relationships:
Part IV: Engagement, collaboration, and membership
Part V: Organizer, advocate, educator
The earlier sections:
Part I: No mas mass media
Part II: Content vs. service
Part III: Ecosystems and networks
The entire essay will try to answer the question I often hear in one form or another: "Now that your damned internet has ruined news, what now?" I don't pretend to make predictions, only to explore opportunities. It's on Medium. Now I have to get to work on the next piece, about new forms.


text:
This is an advertisement skip this ad
Black Violin - Off-Broadway
Violinists Kev and Wil B return to the New Victory.
Yes, That's a High Schooler Singing Caroline, or Change! These Six Students Nailed It at the 2015 Jimmy Awards
It Shoulda Been You, Starring Tyne Daly, Lisa Howard, Sierra Boggess & More Sets Broadway Closing Date
Do You Love Them? Jessica Hecht & Adam Kantor to Join Danny Burstein in Fiddler on the Roof on Broadway
Video! Taye Diggs on His Glittery Broadway Comeback, Lipstick Shopping & Being the First 'Chocolate' Hedwig
Total Package: Backstage at Hedwig and the Angry Inch with Rebecca Naomi Jones, Episode 6: Spotlight Secrets
Getting Ready to Push Da Button! Jennifer Hudson, Danielle Brooks & Cynthia Erivo Prepare for Broadway's All-New Color Purple


text:
Play Video
Great white shark rollercoaster
Posted by Hugoj on Mar. 02, 2008
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
With the 4th of July around the corner, we celebrate the most kick-ass USA ...
Dude, are you drunk AND high? Or are you just being PRANKED?!
Posted by Hugoj on Mar. 02, 2008


text:
Discover a selection of top forums unlocking isle on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums unlocking isle and meet other fans of unlocking isle. Then, why don't you create your own forum of unlocking isle ?
Free forum : Isle of Portland Canoe Club Members Forum
club, free, iopcc, members, forum, #isle, portland, canoe
Role-play logs for Anarki Isle
anarki, #isle, logs, role-play