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Criminal Outline Criminal Law ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Jurisdiction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Merger ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Essential elements .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 o act or omission .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 o mental state ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Degrees (RoT) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Accomplice Liability ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 o liable for ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 o requires.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 o NY distinctions ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Solicitation (inchoate) ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 o requires.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Conspiracy (inchoate) ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 o elements ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 o liability ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 o NY distinctions ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Attempt (inchoate) ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 o requires.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Defenses ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4 o NY...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 o insanity .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 o intoxication ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 o infancy ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 o self defense (to victim) ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 o self defense (original aggressor) ....................................................................................................................................... 5 o defense of a dwelling......................................................................................................................................................... 5 o duress ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 o mistake of fact ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 o consent .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 o entrapment ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Common Law of Crimes ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 o battery................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 o assault ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 o homicide ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6 o kidnapping ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 o rape ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 o C/L Property crimes........................................................................................................................................................... 7 o Robbery ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 o Extortion ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 o Burglary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 o Arson ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Hot Topics – Crim Law ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 Key checklist ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Criminal Procedure............................................................................................................................................ 8 Constitutional Protections .................................................................................................................................................. 8 o 4th Amendment ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 o 5th amendment ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 o 6th amendment ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 o 8th amendment ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 o 14th amendment ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Exclusionary Rule................................................................................................................................................................ 9 o Rule ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 o Limitations ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 o Fruit of poison tree doctrine............................................................................................................................................. 10 Law of Arrest ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 o Generally ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 o Station house detention................................................................................................................................................... 10 o NY Sliding scale for requisite police authority ................................................................................................................. 10 Law of Search & Seizure (most important) ..................................................................................................................... 10 o Suggested Model ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 Miranda ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 o The Warning .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 o Triggering requires .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 o Waiver ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 o Breaks ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 o violation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 12 o does not apply to ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Right to Counsel ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 o 5th Amendment ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 o 6th Amendment Rule....................................................................................................................................................... 12 o NY.................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Pre-trial Identification ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 o Very limited purpose for this body of law ........................................................................................................................ 12 o 2 bases for attacking pre-trial identification ..................................................................................................................... 12 o Remedy ........................................................................................................................................................................... 12 o State's Solution ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 Bail ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 o 2 issues to remember ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Grand Juries ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 o NY.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Prosecutorial Duty to Disclose Evidence ....................................................................................................................... 13 o NY.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Right to Jury Trial .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 o Constitutional right ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 o Number & Unanimity ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 o Cross sectional requirement............................................................................................................................................ 14 o Peremptory challenges.................................................................................................................................................... 14 o Right to Counsel / Ineffective assistance of counsel ....................................................................................................... 14 o Guilty pleas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Death Penalty ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 o Know only 4 sentences ................................................................................................................................................... 14 Double Jeopardy................................................................................................................................................................ 14 o when does jeopardy attach ............................................................................................................................................. 14 o 4 exceptions permitting re-trial ........................................................................................................................................ 14 o Separate sovereigns ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 th 5 Amend Protection Against Self Incrimination ........................................................................................................... 15 o Scope of protection ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 o Who may raise ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 o Eliminated by ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 o Limits on Prosecution ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Wiretapping & Eavesdropping ......................................................................................................................................... 15 o Rule ................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 o Exception ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Hot Topics .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2 CRIMINAL LAW Overview o MBE - 33 questions 20 ~ Crim law + 13 Crim Procedure o NY – focuses on Crim Procedure o remember – consent of victim ~ almost never allowed as a defense Jurisdiction o crimes of commission - state acquires jurisdiction to prosecute when is legal situs of crime either conduct or result occurs there (can be multiple states) o crimes of omission – jurisdiction lies where act s/h/b performed Merger o generally – no merger remains today o solicitation & attempt merge into the offense means that you are lieble for the crime itself o conspiracy does NOT merge (c/b convicted of conspiracy AND the crime) o Rule – never merge any crimes that have different victims Essential elements o act or omission act - any bodily movement exceptions – involuntary acts (not product of own volition) + reflexive / convulsive act (seizure) + act performed while unconscious / asleep omission – requires legal duty to act (statute / K / relationship / voluntary assumption of duty / creation of peril) o mental state – most important area on the exam (1/3 of questions are here) common law – 4 types of intent specific intent – crimes w/ this qualify for additional defenses not available st o includes – inchoate offenses + 1 degree murder + assault + all C/L offenses against property inchoate offenses ~ solicitation + conspiracy + attempt assault – all C/L offenses - robbery / burglary / larceny / embezzlement / false pretenses / forgery / ?? malice - o includes – murder + arson nd o remember – "murder" on the Bar exam always means C/L murder / murder in 2 degree cannot use additional defenses available to specific intent crimes (below ~ voluntary intoxication + mistake of fact) strict liability ~ no intent crimes o any defense negating intention irrelevant here o key formula – if crime is in the admin / regulatory / morality area and don't see any adverbs (knowingly / willfully / etc.) assume that intend crime t/b S/L general intent – catch all category ~ includes anything else o e.g., rape & battery transferred intent – o always two crimes ~ attempted crime + the crime committed (w/ mental state achieved thru transferred intent) questions – 16 & 17 (p. 478 in drills book) 3 Degrees (RoT) nd o w/ exception of Murder – generally no 2 degree st o add gun – gets 1 degree o take away most aggravating element (dwelling …) – reduce to third degree Accomplice Liability o liable for – crime itself + all other foreseeable crimes o requires – person actively involved (aiding / abetting) in crime (more than just mere presence even if lends moral support) o NY distinctions accomplice <> bene from defense to principal negating mental state (~ principal's insanity) accomplice <> absolved if principal acquitted / immune / not prosecuted person <> convicted solely on uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice Solicitation (inchoate) o requires - ask someone to commit a crime (ends when ask) o note – if person agrees becomes conspiracy (solicitation merges into conspiracy) Conspiracy (inchoate) o remember – conspirators m/b pursuing an unlawful objective conspiracy does not merge (c/b convicted of conspiracy and the crime) minority & C/L rule ground liability for agreement itself impossibility <> defense withdrawal (even if adequate) <> w/d for liability for conspiracy itself (only valid for other conspirators' subsequent crimes) o elements - agreement (<> h/t/b express / people may <> know each other) + intent to agree + intent to pursue unlawful objective + overt act overt act – majority rule requires (but not C/L or minority rule) o includes – any little act ~ showing up at the place to commit the crime o liability - each conspirator liable for all foreseeable crimes of co-conspirators if committed in furtherance of the conspiracy o NY distinctions NY ~ overt act state (majority rule) can conspire w/ police officer (unilateral theory of conspiracy ~ only need one guilty person) can w/d from conspiracy (IFF renounce conspiracy + prevent commission of the crime) simply conspiring w/ other person not liable for substantive offenses of the other person Attempt (inchoate) o requires ~ both specific intent + substantial step (beyond mere preparation) toward commission of crime Defenses o NY – 2 types defenses – once raised NY must disprove beyond reasonable doubt (~ infancy / self defense) affirmative defenses – m/b raised AND proved by Def by preponderance of evidence (~ insanity / duress / entrapment) o insanity – rules - 4 McNaughton rule - @ time of conduct Def lacked ability to understand wrongfulness / nature / quality of actions irresistible impulse rule - lacked capacity for self control & free choice Durham rule – Def conduct was product of mental illness MPC – Def lacked ability to conform conduct to requirements of law NY ~ similar to McNaughton rule applies to – defense to all crimes o intoxication - voluntary – defense only to specific intent crimes only (no other kinds of crimes) includes alcoholics involuntary ~ form of insanity defense (so defense to all crimes) o infancy – only remember two things … under 7 no criminal liability under 14 rebuttal presumption of no criminal liability o self defense (to victim) – deadly force – majority rule – victim may use any time victim reasonably believes deadly force is about t/b used on them minority rule - victim may use any time victim reasonably believes deadly force is about t/b used on them AND met duty to retreat o duty to retreat exceptions– not safe to do so + in home + rape / robbery + police officers NY – a retreat jurisdiction non-deadly force – victim may use any time victim reasonably believes force is about t/b used on them o self defense (original aggressor) - only if both physically w/d + communicate w/d o defense of a dwelling – only one rule to remember …deadly force may never be used to defend property o duress applies to – defense to all crimes except homicide NY – an affirmative defense to all crimes o mistake of fact defense only when negates intention + mistake m/b reasonable if Def charged w/ malice crime OR general intent crime on BAR any mistake (regardless of how unreasonable) is a defense to specific intent crimes never defense to S/L crime Mental State Crime Charge Application of Defense ANY mistake Specific Intent (regardless how unreasonable) Malice / General Intent Reasonable mistakes only Strict Liability NEVER o consent almost a never defense to crime in this country don't use it on the Bar exam o entrapment almost never available b/c very narrow 5 negated by - predisposition on part of Def to commit crime NY – affirmative defense Common Law of Crimes o remember no state has these today they have all been modified BUT need to know for MBE o battery ~ a completed assault is a general intent crime (not S/L) o assault two theories … an attempted battery – a specific intent as a threat – a general intent o on MBE look at both parties motivation / intent of ("victim" and perpetrator) questions - 31 & 32 (p. 482) o homicide nd remember – victim m/b human + "murder" on exam menas murder in 2 (malice crime / no use of specific intent defenses) types - 1st degree murder – o no uniform defn b/w states (on Bar exam have to tell us or define it in hypo stat) o degrees created by statute C/L murder - if show ANY of intent to kill + intent to do serious bodily harm + highly recklessness + felony murder voluntary manslaughter – killing from passion OR from some provoking event (no time to cool off) o applies only if some passion is present involuntary manslaughter – two types … o criminal negligence – o misdemeanor manslaughter – killing someone while performing misdemeanor or unenumerated felony NY – 1 degree murder – one narrow type - requires intentional killing + ≥ one special circumstance st (see p. 5 of distinctions outline) 2 degree murder – 3 types … nd o intentional killing (w/o special circumstance) o highly reckless murder o felony murder manslaughter – st o 1 degree – 3 types … intent to do serious bodily harm voluntary / provoked killing unjust abortion nd o 2 degree – killing from recklessness negligent homicide – killing from criminal negligence 5 defenses to felony murder – any defense to the underlying felony felony committed m/b independent of the killing death m/b foreseeable deaths caused while fleeing from murder are felony murder BUT once reach point of temporary safety felony murder rule ends 6 not liable for death of co-felon as result of resistance by victim or police NY special defense to felony murder – if ALL elements proven Def <> commit / aid commission of homicidal act + Def <> armed w/ deadly weapon + Def <> reasonably believe co-felons armed w/ deadly weapon + Def <> reasonably believe other participant intended to engage in conduct likely to result in death or serious physical injury o kidnapping general elements = kid + napping NY rules – any degree of kidnapping qualifies for felony murder 1st degree – abduction + any of circumstances (ransom / restrain w/ intent to inflict physical injury / victim dies) 2 degree – all other kidnapping ~ "abduction" nd o rape remember - slightest penetration completes the crime statutory rape – S/L + no consent of victim defense + no mistake of fact defense o crimes against nature – probably not anything on bestiality o C/L Property crimes C/L larceny – requires - unlawful taking by trespass or trick (~ stealing) + must involve some carrying away motion + of personal property of another w/o consent + w/ intent (must exist at time of the taking) to deprive permanently NY – taking property in belief that is yours / have some right to it is NOT C/L Larceny question - 84 embezzlement – requires – embezzler has lawful possession + illegal conversion no need for – carrying away / benefit for self / acquisition of title false pretenses – requires – Def persuades owner to convey title of property under false present or past pretense / representation excludes – future pretense / representation (no way to know that is yet false) o Robbery requires – ~ larceny + assault + specific intent ~ must take from victim's person / presence (broadly speaking) + any form of violence / putting in fear of imminent harm NY – 3 degrees 1st degree – armed w/ deadly weapon OR cause severe physical injury (key distinction from 2 nd degree is the severity of the injury) [????] 2nd degree – 3 degree + any aggravating factor (~ aided by another / cause physical injury / rd display a firearm) 3rd degree – forcibly stealing property (no physical injury / no firearms) o Extortion – is blackmail requires – threat of future harm not robbery b/c – don't have to take anything from person / presence + threats are of future harm o Burglary C/L requires – a breaking + entering (any time Def crosses plane of inside of house) + into a dwelling house + at night + w/ intention (at time of breaking & entering) of committing a felony breaking – actual or constructive (~ by threats or fraud) + excludes entering through a wide open door / window BUT can break an interior door NY – 1st degree – 3 degree + m/b a dwelling + either (injury to non-participant OR burglars armed) rd 2nd degree – 3 degree + any circumstance (structure is a dwelling OR injury to non-participant rd OR burglars armed) 7 3rd degree (statutory burglary) – breaking OR entering OR remaining inside any structure ANY time of day w/ intent to commit ANY time of crime inside o Arson C/L requires – malicious burning (only fires; not smoke/ water damage) + of dwelling house + of another + material wasting of building's fiber by fire (~ charring of combustible material is sufficient / not heat damage not smoke damage) statutory reforms – burning / explosions / water dmg / smoke dmg + any building Hot Topics – Crim Law o mental states for crimes – focus on specific intent crimes and their particular defenses (voluntary intoxication / mistake of fact) o transferred intent – no merger if multiple victims o accomplice liability – liable for all foreseeable crimes BUT requires some active participation in the crime o inchoate offenses – especially conspiracy (know NY distinctions) o defenses – intoxication + infancy + self defense + mistake of fact (see chart) o C/L of crimes – homicide crimes + 5 defenses to felony murder o NY homicide – know NY homicide statute + special NY defense to felony murder o C/L property crimes – be able distinguish b/w these o Robbery / Burglary / Arson – Hot Topics – Crim Law th o 4 Amendment Search & Seizure th th o Right to Counsel – 5 (Miranda) + 6 (once formal charges placed) Key checklist o Intents – write intent required for each crime in margin Specific intent crimes – there are only 4 categories all theft offenses – anything false pretenses + armed robbery + burglary + larceny three inchoate offenses – conspiracy + solicitation + attempt 1 degree murder st assault w/ intent to commit battery two additional defenses – voluntary intoxication + any mistake of fact (even if unreasonable) Malice crimes – arson + murder test for malice – recklessness OR extreme indifference to human life General intent crimes – all other crimes o Strict Liability – no intent necessary CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Constitutional Protections o 4th Amendment – protects from unreasonable searches and seizures o 5th amendment – privilege against self incrimination (including grnad jury testimony) + right to indictment by a grand jury (federal / not state) limits – does NOT apply to line-ups (b/c no testimony given) o 6th amendment – right to effective assistance of counsel in all criminal proceedings + right to speedy public jury trial + right to confront adverse witnesses 8 right to effective assistance of counsel in all criminal proceedings o showing ineffectiveness – must show BOTH particulated deficient performance + but for causation o criminal proceedings – all critical stages of prosecution after formal charges filed + in misdemeanor cases ONLY where imprisonment / suspended jail sentence is imposed prohibits – police from eliciting an incriminating statement O/S presence of counsel after Def charged UNLESS Def waives right limits – is offense specific (b/c arises only after formal charge is filed) police can question re different crimes (~ both require proof of a different element) + no right before charges filed (tho consider D/P issue if suggestive line-up) not applicable to … - blood sampling + taking handwriting / voice exemplars + pre-charge / investigative line-ups + photo identifications + prelim hearings to determine probable cause + brief recess during Def testimony at trial + discretionary appeals + parole / probation revocation hearings + post-conviction proceedings right to speedy public jury trial arises - ONLY after arrested or charged remedy - dismissal w/ prejudice waiver ~ guilty plea (IF voluntary & intelligent) right to confront adverse witnesses limits – public welfare o 8th amendment – requirement for bail + prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment + prohibition against excessive fines bail requirement limits – never applied by S/C against the states + prohibition against excessive fines limits – applies only to penal forfeitures (NOT civil forfeitures) o 14th amendment – right to public trial D/P – requires that self incriminating statement be voluntary (~ free of official compulsion) limit – harmless error test no overturn conviction if other overwhelming evidence th th excludes – 5 amendment right to grnad jury indictment + 8 amendment right to bail Exclusionary Rule o Rule – prohibits introduction at trial of evidence obtained in violation of Def 4th, 5th, 6th Amendment rights o Limitations 1) <>apply to conduct of grand jury 2) <> apply to civil proceedings 3) search in question must violate either Federal Const / Federal statute 9 4) exclusion <> available remedy in parole revocation proceedings 5) 3 part G/F defense to exclusions no exclusion where police rely in G/F on judicial opinion later Δ ed by another opinion / rely on stat or ordinance later declared unconstitutional / G/F reliance on defective search warrant NY <> recognize G/F reliance on defective search warrant 6) use of excluded evidence for impeachment purposes NY – all illegally seized evidence may be used to impeach Def trial testimony (but only the Def testimony / not other Def witnesses) o Fruit of poison tree doctrine rule – evidence obtained as a result of the excludable / illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible as well Gov't breaks unlawful chain – w/ ANY of independent source + inevitable discovery + intervening Def acts of freewill limit – only applies in favor of those people whose rights violated in the original search / seizure (no nd transfer b/w Def 2 person <> have right to object to search of someone else) Law of Arrest o Generally arrest warrants not required prior to arresting someone in a public place BUT – non-emergency arrest of person in own home requires arrest warrant o Station house detention – police need probable cause to arrest one to compel to come to police station for either interrogation OR fingerprinting o NY Sliding scale for requisite police authority (most to least) arrest – police need probable cause stop and frisk – police m/h reasonable suspicion C/L right to inquire – police m/h founded suspicion that criminal activity is afoot + police may then ask questions + detention m/b brief + police must release individual if they provide an explanation request for information – police can approach & request EXCEPT on whim or caprice + individual refusal to respond <> give probable cause to arrest Law of Search & Seizure (most important) o Suggested Model – see CMR flow chart on p. 5 i) Does person have 4th amendment right? – m/b BOTH … a) m/b gov't conduct - includes police + private individual acting at direction of police + private police that h/b deputized w/ power to arrest (includes most campus police) b) person m/h reasonable expectation of privacy o Y– categories of automatic standing ~ owner / resident / overnight guest of premises searched categories sometimes having standing ~ if present when search occurs + if own property seized if "Standing" on exam know … o overnight guests have standing to object o passengers in car <> have standing to object to search just because present o briefly on premise of someone else solely for criminal business purpose (cutting up drugs for sale) <> have standing to object to search of those premises o N – if person has no standing to object to the search ~ rule - when item seized is one that objector holds out to public on regular basis (implicating no right of privacy) 10 includes – sound of voice + style of handwriting + paint on outside of car + acct records held by bank + monitoring location of car on public street or in your driveway + anything seen across the open fields + anything seen from flying over in the public airspace + odors emanating from luggage (dog sniffers) + garbage set out on curb for collection ii) Did police have search warrant? Y valid warrant requires … o requires - issued on probable cause + states w/ particularity the place t/b searched & things t/b seized + issued by neutral / detached magistrate from competitive business of law enforcement sufficient neutrality - court clerks can issue warrants for violations of city ord. o NY – if warrant based on informer underlying affidavit must meet 2 prong test ~ i) set forth sufficient underlying facts & circumstances to allow magistrate know how informer got relevant info ii) established reliability & credibility of the informer NO – o generally see if can use G/F defense to save evidence obtained o 6 exceptions to warrant requirement – applies in NY b/c no G/F defense i) search incident to lawful arrest – search contemporaneous in time / place + to lawful arrest + within a person's wingspan (i.e., where person could hide / destroy evidence) NY – in car wingspan includes any interior space in car but not trunk ii) auto exception – police need probably cause may search entire car & any pkg or container in car that could reasonably contain the item for which this is tricky have probably cause to search o probable cause - same as needed for warrant + may arise after car is stopped (BUT m/b before anything / person is searched) iii) plain view – officer m/b legitimately present when does plain viewing iv) consent – m/b voluntary and intelligent (fact specific) police saying have warrant negates consent + police <> h/t warn that have right to not to consent ≥ 2 people have right to use property anyone may consent to warrantless search v) stop and frisk – legal standard ~ reasonable suspicion (less than prob. cause) frisk ~ pat down of outer clothing weapons – always admissible if the stopping was reasonable non-weapons – admissible if looked like weapon / contraband from O/S vi) hot pursuit and evanescent evidence (~ might disappear if wait for warrant) hot pursuit – m/b of a fleeing felon + may enter anyone's home in such pursuit Miranda o The Warning – ALL of right to remain silent + anything said can be used against in court + right to presence of atty + if cannot afford atty, one w/b appointed if she desires o Triggering requires – an interrogation + person is in custody and accused of a crime interrogation – includes - any conduct where police s/h known might get a damaging stmt excludes - spontaneous statements by person + routine booking questions custody - if not free to leave at time of interrogation includes – hospital / police car / etc. excludes – probation interviews + routine traffic stops 11 o Waiver – m/b ALL of knowing + voluntary + intelligent + explicit explicit - excludes silence / shoulder shrugging o Breaks – no repeat of warning is necessary for reasonable break (~lunch) BUT is required for longer break (~ day(s) later) o violation – violates 5th amendment privilege (NOT 6th amendment right to counsel) use of statements – ALLOWED to impeach but NOT allowed as substantive evidence (see exclusionary rule) statements after giving Miranda – are not effected by pre-Miranda breaches o does not apply to … - grand jury inquiries + pre-charge line-ups (b/c no testimony given) o on the exam - (at least 3 ?? on MBE + NY love it) Right to Counsel o 5th Amendment – non-offense specific Rule - once Def terminates interrogation & requests atty upon hearing Miranda warning re-initiation of interrogation by police w/o atty violates right th Essentially – Def is requesting assistance w/ process of police interrogation (substance dealt w/ in 6 amend) = "is not offense specific" o 6th Amendment Rule – Rule - Def atty has t/b present only if Def is being interrogated about that atty's case Essentially – simply having an atty in another case is not relevant o NY Rule - indelible right to counsel attaches in ANY of … i) when Def in custody + police engage in activity overwhelming to the lay person + Def requests counsel ii) at arraignment iii) upon filing of accusatory instrument / formal charge iv) any significant judicial activity occurs Waiver - may be obtained from Def known t/b represented by atty only in presence of counsel investigatory line-up – NO right to counsel exists UNLESS poliace aware Def represented AND Def requests counsel Pre-trial Identification o Very limited purpose for this body of law – only to confirm that victim witness remembers Def from crime & not from the proceedings (so see Limit below) o 2 bases for attacking pre-trial identification Denial of right to counsel – post charge line-ups and show-ups (one-on-one) no right to counsel when show victim / witness a photo Denial of due process – where identification technique unnecessarily suggestive & substantially likely to produce a misidentification (~ only white person in entire line-up) o Remedy – exclude the in court identification of the Def by the witness 12 o State's Solution (???? or is this NY) – State can defeat claim for remedy by showing an independent source of identification ~ ample opportunity to observe the Def at time of crime Bail o 2 issues to remember - bail issues immediately appealable + preventive detention is constitutional Grand Juries o MBE – not important o NY – consist of 16-23 people + 12 of whom must agree to indict right to counsel – witness demanding immunity – may consult atty BUT only O/S of the grand jury room witness waiving immunity – may bring atty into grand jury room grand jury indictment m/b based on legally sufficient evidence (~ evidence admissible at trial) witness testifying in exchange for immunity – receives transactional immunity (~ any transaction about which testifies) SLA testimony is in response to grad jury questions if Def requests opportunity to testify before grand jury request m/b granted SLA Def waives immunity Prosecutorial Duty to Disclose Evidence o MBE – does not exist o NY – People v. Rosario – at any time - upon demand, Def may obtain for inspection 8 things … i) stmt by self / co-def to law enforcement officer (including grand jury testimony) ii) tapes / bugged conversations intended t/b used at trial iii) relevant photos / drawings made by police iv) reports of physical, mental, scientific tests v) any other property obtained from defendant vi) approx. date, time, place of offense charged vii) anything state / federal constitution requires disclosed (~ Fed duty to disclose exculpatory evid) viii) all specific instances of Def conduct that prosecutor intends to use at trial to impeach Def credibility b/w time jury sworn in / pros opening stmt – Pros must produce any prior written / recorded stmts of witness & prior criminal records that intends to introduce at trial w/i 30 days of pleading not guilty Def must notify Pros of intent to present insanity defense w/i 20 days of arraignment – Pros MAY serve Def w/ demand for alibi defense (Def must reply w/i 8 days) before Def direct case (after Pros rests) – Def must make available any relevant prior written / recorded stmts by Def witness mistakes in Rosario disclosures – today - reversible error only if Def shows reasonable possibility that non-disclosure materially contributed to the result of the trial (Def must show prejudice to case) previously – reversible error 13 Right to Jury Trial o Constitutional right – arises if max authorized sentence > 6 mos (no right if ≤ 6 mos) criminal contempt – if sum of sentences exceed 6 mos right arises o Number & Unanimity minimum number – 6 (if this few, then m/b unanimous) unanimity – S/C has approved non-unanimous 9 / 3 & 10 / 2 verdicts [NY or US S/C case ????] o Cross sectional requirement right to have jury pool to reflect cross ection of community no right that own jury reflects this cross section o Peremptory challenges unconstitutional for either side to exercise peremptory challenge to exclude jurors on account of race / gender o Right to Counsel / Ineffective assistance of counsel – must show BOTH deficient performance by counsel + but for such performance, result w/h/b different (more likely in essay b/c requires discussion) o Guilty pleas 2 basic trends - S/C unwilling to disturb guilty pleas after sentencing – S/C has adopted K theory of plea bargaining – Judge must - establish voluntariness of plea address Def re nature of charges + notify of max authorized sentence and mandatory min sentence Def claims innocence – plea can still be voluntary b/c c/h made rational choice in face of evidence of guilt 4 basis for w/d guilty plea after sentencing pleas was involuntary + lack of jurisdiction to take plea + ineffective assistance of counsel + failure of prosecutor to keep agreed upon plea bargain Death Penalty o Know only 4 sentences Any death penalty statute that does not give Def chance to present mitigating facts & circumstances is unconstitutional. There can be no automatic category for imposition of death penalty. The State may not by statute limit the mitigating factors; all relevant mitigating evidence must be admissible or the statute is unconstitutional. Only a jury and not a judge may determine the aggravating factors justifying imposition of the death penalty. Double Jeopardy o when does jeopardy attach in jury trial – when jury sworn in judge trial – when first witness sworn civil – jeopardy does not generally attach o 4 exceptions permitting re-trial (after jeopardy attaches) hung jury – jury unable to agree on verdict (some states require unanimity) mistrial for manifest necessity ~ def has to go into hospital retrial after successful appeal breach of agreed upon plea bargain by Def – when Def breaches plea and sentence c/b vacated 14 o Same offense Rule – 2 crimes are not same offense if each crime requires proof of an additional element that other does not NY – all crimes arising from single criminal transaction m/b tried together Lesser included offenses – bars trial for other included offenses rule - works both ways Lesser / greater and greater / lesser offenses) applies when – all elements of one crime are included for the other does not apply when – all elements of the lesser crime do not apply to the greater crime exception – jeopardy for battery + victim dies + may try for murder RoT for BAR – err on side of saying not same o Separate sovereigns – no double jeopardy where separate sovereigns try you for the same crime Not same BUT – state and locality are the same 5 Amend Protection Against Self Incrimination th o Scope of protection protects from – compelled testimony (~lie detector test / compelled interrogation) does not protect from – introduction of one's body to incriminate a person (hair / tattoos / etc.) o Who may raise – anyone is entitled to raise this any time under oath in any proceeding o Eliminated by – any of grant of immunity + no possibility of incrimination (~ SoL has run) + waiver immunity ~ use & derivative use immunity - can still prosecute based on evidence had prior to such grant NY – grant of transactional immunity is broader than use & derivative use immunity waiver - Criminal Def waives privilege when taking the stand re any issues relevant to cross examination + waiver in Civil proceeding applies to all subsequent Criminal prosecutions o Limits on Prosecution - Unconstitutional for Pros to make negative comment on Def failure to testify / remaining silent on hearing Miranda warning Wiretapping & Eavesdropping o Rule – all require a warrant o Exception – unreliable ear all speakers in this society assume the risk that any listener will either consent to gov't monitoring or is wired o Practical advice – all police cars are wired Hot Topics o Exclusion – limits + fruit of poison tree doctrine o Search & Seizure o Miranda o Pre-trial identification o Right to Jury Trial & Guilty Pleas o Grand Juries – Rosario + Pros duty to disclose + Right to Counsel (for NY) th o 5 Amendment – Privilege + Double Jeopardy 15
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Debut Author Receives Foreign Rights for Self-Published Book
HOUSTON, July 8, 2014 /PRNewswire/ Mentor Me: GA=T+EA Formula to Fulfill Your Greatest Achievement, a new book by author Ken Poirot, is officially released today. This unique book has already received attention internationally, resulting in at least one foreign rights inquiry. It is highly unusual for a self-published book, written by a debut author, to receive any foreign rights interest prior to its release.
When he was asked about the foreign rights inquiry for Mentor Me, author Ken Poirot stated, "I think it is due to the uniqueness of Mentor Me. It was conceived and written based on the best of training I taught and received at top New York Stock Exchange-listed companies. My intent is to deliver this material in a cohesive package for the benefit of the everyday person. Additionally, I enhanced and blended this training with my own strategies, techniques, observations, and experiences realized over an almost two decades-long career in financial services. There is a natural curiosity and mystery about what skills these top-level companies are teaching their employees in order to maintain a business advantage in the global marketplace.
"Furthermore, I also believe some of the intrigue is generated by the differences in people's opinions when characterizing Mentor Me. Some have said it contains elements of a self-help, business, or even modern psychology 'workbook of sorts.' Others have labeled it a 'real-world practical' book. All these factors are combining to pique people's curiosity and interest in Mentor Me."
Mentor Me: GA=T+EA Formula to Fulfill Your Greatest Achievement (ISBN: 978-145752-772-2), by Ken Poirot, can be purchased through most major bookstores and online retailers.
For more information visit http://www.mentormegate.com or Mentor Me's page with online retailers such as Amazon.com:
About Author
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Stevie Wonder did not miss a single beat with this classic album. It is as vital as the day it was released back in 1970's.
Great sound quality on the Blurau audio.
Sir Duke, Isn't She Lovely, As and Joy Inside My Tears make this a wonderful, fulfilling Stevie album, probably his last great work.Published 9 months ago by Brian Hiltz
I am an audiophile with a lot of vinyl. I thought I would give a couple Blu-rays a try and was very impressed especially with this one. Excellent sound stage!Published 14 months ago by Flyguy1
For us audiophiles these titles really do work and I suspect this is as good as this particular release is ever going to sound. Sir Duke really popsPublished 18 months ago by Terrance Humphries
Got this recently and I have to say that it was very enjoyable
hearing some of these tracks for the first time in a decade.... Read more
It was just as I remembered it from when I was in my teens when the record album came out. Yes, I memorized almost all the words to all the songs, now, my 15year old son loves... Read morePublished on July 21 2011 by Rasa
True classic record, well mastered by Audio Fidelity for CD' worth a purchase.Published on June 10 2011 by Rick_MusicMan
Songs In The Key Of Life.
Everything makes me believe that this would be a GREAT album when I receive the package home. Read more
Beautiful, rich color and soul. Kicking up the blues into funk, improv, fusion, and prog. Huge fidelity recoding. Songs are so catchy and well-written. Read morePublished on July 10 2004 by J.J. Kilroy


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Made in Japan, unknown era. Spotty rusty areas. NO tested. Comes with boat shell only. Approx 9" long 2 1/4" high. Rare & Vintage STEAM SPEED BOAT TIN TOY. A small candle placed inside of boat and the heated goes out of1 month ago on ebay.com
AND AGREED TO SELLERS TERMS.PLEASE PAY FOR YOUR AUCTION ITEM YOU HAVE WON. Thank You and Good Luck. ---------------------------- Here is a Vintage Candle Powered Boat kit.Number on the box is 45K1716. Made in India1 month ago on ebay.com
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Very nicely made wall candle holder made from loom shuttles. Has metal heat shields installed behind candles. Eye bolt on back for hanging on wall hook. Please refer to pictures for details. ----------------Terms and1 month ago on ebay.com


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charlie8575Member Since 09 Jul 2006
Offline Last Active Yesterday, 04:40 PM
About Me
Work: Contract and part-time. Finishing my M.Ed. and looking to capitalize on that in some capacity. Planning to start a business.
Other interests: Cars, trains, cooking, reading, music, architecture, photography, drawing, history, traveling around New England, Masons, Odd Fellows.
TV shows: The older the better, and Law & Order.
Music: Jazz, classical, growing to like contemporary country, oldies, bit and pieces of other genres.
Books: Mysteries, current affairs, social commentaries, history, law and government, cars, cookbooks, books about my hobbies.
Community Stats
- Group Members
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- Member Title MCM Ohana
- Age 39 years old
- Birthday August 5, 1975
Marlborough, Ma.
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formula1129 → charlie8575
Hi Charlie. I just joined today, and just checking around the place and saw you live in Marlboro, Ma...hell, I was born there. I live in Brockton now. I collect Danbury Mint 1/24 and Neo 1/43, and have many models I have to build. Hope tp see ya around this place.Apr 08 2013 03:51 PM
charlie8575 → Dave Ambrose
Many happy returns, Dave. Hopefully we'll have some type of chat back before much longer and I'll be able to catch up with you.May 31 2012 07:57 AM
charlie8575 → MarkWelby
Hope to see you at MassCar in Taunton March 18. www.masscar.com for more information.Feb 18 2012 09:12 PM
TurboKitty → charlie8575
hi, I'm ok, just been dealing with some stuff and haven't had much time to get online. I am in the process of switching internet providers, it sucks lol. Hope all is well, take care :)Sep 09 2010 01:53 AM


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It's not value buyers
You keep making definitive statements. How do you know it is not value buyers? There is nothing from stopping value buyers from waiting for an uptick in the market to put their money in a company with $32 million in cash, zero debt and 30% growth. They could have been shorting the market up until now for all you know. How do you know it is a buyout?


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My order arrived today and I was particularly impressed in the speed of the delivery!! Many thanks!
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In Archinect's latest book giveaway, readers had the chance to win a copy of "Hypernatural: Architecture's New Relationship with Nature" authored by Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer from the University of Minnesota. Published by Princeton Architectural Press, Hypernatural highlights... View full entry »
The growing presence of biomimicry in architectural design takes the spotlight in Hypernatural: Architecture's New Relationship with Nature, authored by architecture and materials academic experts Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer from the University of Minnesota. Published by Princeton... View full entry »
A new illustrated biography, Balthazar Korab: Architect of Photography, by John Comazzi at the University of Minnesota School of Architecture tells the story of Balthazar Korab, one of the mid-twentieth century's most celebrated architecture photographers. It's the first book dedicated solely to... View full entry »
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$10 off $75 Home, Sports, School Supplies, Fashion, & Beauty - Back to School. Use promo code BACK2SCHOOL at checkout. Ends 7/8/2015.
Learn more about Gusset Suede Pillow Dog Bed in Chocolate / Chocolate - Size: Medium (36" x 27"):
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|PNP1143: Features: -Gusset suede pillow dog bed.-Offer dogs an extra cushiony bed for relaxing naps.-Lightweight.-Machine wash normal cycle, tumble dry low or hang to dry.-Fabric content: 100pct polyester. Color/Finish: -Gusseted with wide chenille in rich color.-Wide chenille top and bottom and accented with simply suede.-Color: Chocolate / Chocolate. Assembly Instructions: -No assembly required. Dimensions: -Medium: 3'' H x 27'' W x 36'' D.-Large: 3'' H x 30'' W x 40'' D.


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EU: Commission pushes for end to German distillery subsidies
Subsidies from Branntweinmonopol, the German government's alcohol monopoly, to farm distilleries producing spirits from their own crops must end by December 2013, the European Commission has proposed.
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Geocaching Fever
Are you still a Muggle? Or have you caught the Geocaching bug yet?
Geocaching seems to be everywhere. Literally everywhere. Currently there are over 1.8 million locations worldwide and that number is growing daily. I kept hearing about geocaching but wasn't sure what it was so I decided it was time to do some investigating into this new pastime.
In a nutshell, geocaching is a real-world outdoor treasure hunting game for adventure seekers of all ages around the world. Players have hidden millions of "caches" for you to find literally in every corner of the world. A cache is a small container (not always small – they do vary in size) which contains a log sheet for you to record your team's arrival and the date that you found the cache. If the cache is big enough it may contain a small treasure. You may take the treasure as long as you trade it for something that you have brought with you of equal or greater value.
Players find the hidden caches by using GPS coordinates and often additional clues to narrow the search further at the location. With a GPS unit or GPS enabled smart phone players navigate their "team" to the hidden spots and try to locate the cache. A team can be one or more people – it's totally up to you.
Once you locate the cache in its secret hiding spot, you put it back exactly where you found it for the next team to discover and leave a note online for the cache owner detailing your visit for them and future visitors to read about. You can also leave notes indicating if you could not find it, if the cache needs maintenance or anything else that might help future players.
And the best part? It's free. You can sign up for a free account on geocaching.com, create a user name and start locating treasure near your current coordinates (there is also a premium service available for a fee).
Keep in mind that you definitely need a GPS enabled device. I also decided to download the Geocaching App for my phone and that made things super easy on the go but it's not mandatory. As a novice player, I would also recommend tennis or hiking shoes (no flip flops!), bug spray, a pencil and maybe even a hat as you are definitely outside and some of the terrain may require you to tromp off trail. We have also learned to read the description of the cache you are seeking carefully as some are out in the open and easy to find making them great for younger seekers and others may require that you hike off trail or though difficult terrain which make them a better fit for those without small children.
You can also plan a trip using geocaching to break it up along the way. So far my family has found caches along a roadtrip we have taken though the middle of America to great success and new experiences. Kids and adults have both enjoyed the "game" as we have played it. It's a nice way to see your own destination in a new way or experience a destination in a way you may not have expected. You may also meet other players along the way which is a great additional benefit we have discovered.
Have you tried Geocaching yet? What's the most unique cache you have found so far? Share your experiences in the comments below or on the Gray Line Facebook page. (Click here if you can't see comments: Geocaching Fever)


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Anne Flaxman (née Denman) (circa 1760-1820), Artist; wife of John Flaxman
Sitter in 2 portraits
Ann Denman married the sculptor John Flaxman in 1782. John Flaxman was the leading neo-classical sculptor in late eighteenth-century Britain. From the start he had the support of his wife Ann, known as 'Nancy'; an artist herself, she spent much of her time managing his business affairs.
Related People
- John Flaxman (husband)


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You are a fan of galactic -ausgaming- ? Come to discover the best forums galactic -ausgaming- on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of galactic -ausgaming- . You can also build a forum galactic -ausgaming- and create your online discussion.
Out of Mind ~ As ONE we are UNITED
ascension, galactics, ufo's, disclosure, blood, type, dinar, light, worker, pychics, crystals, astral, projection, ghosts, stonehenge, atlantis, cannibus, medical, marijuana, alternative, health, care, earthquakes, volcano
Free forum : AstroWar alliance, tagged GBH. Free forum : Galactic Bandit Hazard
Free forum : The Alliance of Galactic Empires on Ogame. org


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28374 Rosemont Street
Roseville, Michigan, 48066
Commute to Downtown Roseville
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
28374 Rosemont Street has a Walk Score of 23 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
This location is in Roseville. Nearby parks include Rotary Park, Kiwanis Park and Huron Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 28374 Rosemont Street.
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Popular apartment searches include hardwood floor, pool and single family.
Find a Roseville real estate agent who knows walkable neighborhoods. Links will open on our partner site Redfin.com.
This location is in the city of Roseville, MI. Roseville has an average Walk Score of 42 and has 47,299 residents.Learn More About Roseville


text: BuzzFeed These Are the Strange Things Couples Discuss After a Party By TheFW Staff December 16, 2014 | TheFW So, you're in an adult relationship and you go to friends' houses for adults things like wine and cheese. Then, you do the very childish thing afterward and gossip all about the evening. Read More|Comment Category: Daily Distraction Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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The Embarrassing Bodies star on his life in travel – from horseback riding in Costa Rica to a gay cruise aboard the Queen Mary 2 plus his traumatic experience inside an African jail at age 19...
Where's the most random destination you've visited?
I've spent a lot of time in east Africa – it's incredible. You cross over the border from Kenya into Uganda and they're completely different countries; even the soil's a different color.
How did you feel as a gay traveler in those countries – did you feel safe?
Uganda held a historic weekend long gay pride which turned out a success despite a police raid, widespread homophobia and anti-gay laws
Uganda's LGBT community was able to conduct a weekend of gay pride events despite police arrests and harassment.
The historic LGBT pride was a series of events held at Entebbe starting with a party and including a beach parade, more parties and a small film festival.
The event was well attended, despite the fact that in Uganda gay people face life imprisonment according to law and widespread homophobia from the public.
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|About Spice of Life Gourmet Peppercorns
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Spice of Life Gourmet Peppercorns was founded in 2000 to provide high quality spices at low prices. Our desire to create such a business came out of a love of cooking and astonishment at the high price of some spices & herbs at our local grocery stores. We knew there had to be a better way. This is it!
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A. Yes. The payment portion of our website is secured by , aCompany, an authority in Internet security, using SSL encryption technology and tested daily by McAfee Secure. This computationally unbreakable technology uses 128-bit encryption to secure each transaction. During checkout you will be able to click on Norton Secured's security seal to verify that the transaction is being securely encrypted. You will also see the McAfee SECURE� Trustmark which only appears when the payment portion of our shopping cart has passed their intensive, daily security scan. McAfee SECURE� tests for possible personal information access, links to dangerous sites, Phishing, and other online dangers.
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What's next? Your energy is too magnificent to be wasted, so get to work on something new and exciting. It could be work-related, home repair or some deeply personal project that means a lot to you.
interesting, thanks
Wow, this is exactly where I am, freaky
Wow, if only I had read this yesterday as it would have made me not doubt myself. I took a "hard line " approach to an issue that has been bothering me for awhile.
Thanks I feel more at ease today after reading this. Im in Australia so this reading is for my yesterday--thank you
Dead on!
Very interesting...definitely realized today how profound energy shifting can be. Thanks!
What if u have no one else to 'fall back on' ?
My actual birth day is Sept. 6th > I was born approx. 1 month early- supposed to have been born closer to Oct. 8th-10th (1962). My horoscope usually fits 1/2 way w/Virgo and 1/2 with Libra. Which should I actually go with ???
I have been looking for 'something' so this sounds awesome


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July 1, 1964
St. Augustine businessmen say they will comply with new civil rights law. Gov. Farris Bryant names a four-man biracial committee for St. Augustine.
St. Augustine's Celebrate 450! anniversary celebration will be Sept. 4 to 8 and will include a street and music festival, commemorative re-enactment, procession, Mass, cake-cutting ceremony and more.
Every week, The Record will provide readers with updates about planning, logistics and community efforts leading up to the celebration.
■ Parking for Celebrate 450! and related events is prohibited in David Shores, Abbott Tract and Flagler Model Land neighborhoods.
June 30, 1884
Several citizens petition to establish a street railway on Tolomato (Cordova) and Orange Streets. Another group seeks resolution of a petition to place a street rail on the shell road.
June 29, 1904
A manatee has taken up residence in San Sebastian River, which is convenient for observation. It does not seem to be timid.
The name Old Spanish Trail marker may lead one to envision a long, winding road dating back to a time before automobile transportation.
You might envision buzzards may circling over a dirt path with the occasional tumbleweed bouncing by in the distance.
That title, however, is misleading.
In fact, it was automobile transportation that got the Old Spanish Trail started in the first place.
Early tourism
A group of Mobile, Ala., residents wanted to encourage travel and tourism, so they conjured up the idea of a transcontinental route in 1915.
June 28, 1900
The Belgian hares given their liberty on Anastasia Island for the purpose of increasing the number of their species are said to be doing well. Reports from the island indicate the crop of young rabbits is unprecedented.
June 27, 1565
Pedro Menendez de Aviles sails from the port city of Cadiz, Spain, on the first leg of his voyage to settle La Florida.
Now that all of the acts for Celebrate 450! have been announced, St. Augustine residents know what to expect.
The celebration's five major headliners were announced in mid-May and include Emmylou Harris and Rodney Crowell, Aaron Neville, Mavis Staples, JJ Grey and Mofro and Justin Townes Earle.
These performers will take to the main stage on the bayfront Sept. 4 and Sept. 5.
After the headliners announcement, nearly 60 local musicians and cultural acts were added to the Sept. 4-6 lineup.
The list for September's 450th celebration performances is getting some Spanish flavor.
St. Augustine's Sister City Association is bringing in three groups from sister city Aviles, Spain, to perform Sept. 3 and Sept. 5.
Sister City Association President Len Weeks said he's been trying to get Tejedor, Alexandra in Grey and The Morrigans to perform in St. Augustine for years and things finally fell into place in time for the 450th celebration.
St. Augustine's 450 years of history can now be purchased in a 255-page hardbound book.
Developed out of the 450th Commemoration Department Office, "A Story of Unbroken History & Enduring Spirit" is a limited-edition book that honors St. Augustine's 450 years of history.
The commemorative book is authored by Michael Francis, a professor of history at the University of South Florida and a charter member of the St. Augustine 450th Federal Commission appointed by former U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and President Barack Obama.
St. Augustine Record ©2015. All Rights Reserved.


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Daily News Where you Live
Canby baseball: Three Cougars garner all-Three Rivers League honors
Canby lacrosse loses to Hood River in Cascade Cup semifinals
Wildcats win 12U tournament title
Taylor Jorgensen commits to Oregon Institute of Technology
Devon Fortier's historic career at Canby ends at track and field state championships
Created on Wednesday, 16 October 2013 10:39 | Written by Canby Herald |
The rain held off and the Ninety-One School students ran their hearts out during the annual PTO jogathon fundraiser.
Prior to the event, students worked to collect pledges from family, friends and community members. On Oct. 10, students ran to complete as many laps as they could finish in 30 minute shifts.
Parents came out to cheer on their runners and teachers and staff joined them in running a few laps.
Funds raised from this event will pay for student field trips, educational assemblies, art literacy and many more important student activities at Ninety-One School.


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June 25 marks the four-year anniversary of Michael Jackson's death. Find out more about this album as well as the many other hits that The King of Pop had throughout his career. From the Jackson 5 to songs such as "Thriller" and "Bad," they are all here!
San Francisco is a sanctuary city and local money cannot be spent to cooperate with federal immigration law.
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Virginia Tech will be down one quarterback this fall as one of their signal callers has been granted a release and will transfer from Blacksburg.
Virginia Tech
The NCAA men's basketball rules committee proposed several changes with boosting offense in mind.
Think you like tacos? Chances are you can't put them away like this Virginia Tech player.
Sheldon McClellan scored 16 points and Miami beat Virginia Tech 59-49 on Wednesday night in the second round of the ACC tournament.
A last-second jumper by Virginia Tech's Jalen Hudson helped to push the Hokies past Wake Forest and onto the next round of the ACC tournament.


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Business Plan Length: The Ideal Length Of Your Business Plan
Date Added: Jan 2010
Format: HTML
The goal of the business plan is to create interest - not to have an investor write you a check. In creating interest, the full story of your company need not be told. Rather, the plan should include the essential elements regarding why an investor should invest and spend more time examining the business opportunity. The shorter length does not mean that your business plan should take less time to prepare. Rather, it will take more time.


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Iron Man 3
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You can Watch Movies Online for free on 10StarMovies without even registering an account? to Watch Movies Online, just click on the movie title and select from the available sources.
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Watch Iron Man 3 Online
Release:May 3, 2013
IMDB Rating:7.4/10 (343182 votes)
Director:Martin ScorseseActors:Ben Kingsley, Sacha Baron Cohen, Asa Butterfield, Chloë Grace Moretz, Ray Winstone(View All)
Description: Watch Iron Man 3 full movie online for free produced in 2013. Genres are Action, Adventure, Comedy, Crime, Drama, Fantasy, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller.
Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 13635005 bytes) in /home/star10/public_html/cache-credits/Iron_Man_3_2013.php on line 1


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Scotts Valley High School Circuit
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Year Established:
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Afternoon winds, elevation and OB challenge. Football field OB. 2nd hole has 2 tees (green and orange) downhill from 1st basket on street. 3rd tee is downhill in corner on road by cattails. 4th tee slightly above 3rd target. Rinse and repeat.
Course Details
# Holes: 4
Target Type: Mach II
Tee Type: Asphalt
Course Length: 0ft
Alternate Length: 0ft
Hole Length: Under 300ft: 2 | 300 - 400ft: 1 | Over 400ft: 1
Granite Creek exit off of the 17, north on Granite Creek 0.75 mile to high school on left. The circuit surrounds the lower field/track. 1st tee on parking lot side of track (green marks at end of pole vault runway).
First Tee: (
) -122.006697,37.069938
Email: Jamie Tuckey #31547
Phone: 808-222-1896
Course Map
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- CSUMB Oaks Disc Golf Course, Seaside CA US3.666665(3 votes)


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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Simple everyday statement piece inspired by the spirit of the Wild West and conjures the magic of the open roads. American made traditional bolo necklace, featured on a soft leather chain and silver accents.
*By Heyoka
*By Heyoka
*Made in the USA
*Made in the USA
Measurements:Length: 40"
Rated 5 out of 5Â by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5Â by georgiamotz beautiful!! This necklace was better quality than expected with rich leather and the conchs are nice and heavy. only things is I am only 5'2" and this necklace is not as long as it shows in the picture. But for me that is a plus because I dont normally wear long necklaces. 9.10.2014
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Originally written on Fox Soccer | Last updated 2/6/13
Guinean authorities have banned an opposition party protest planned for Thursday so it doesn't disrupt a visit by FIFA president Sepp Blatter. Sekou Resco Camara, the governer of Conakry, says the march won't be allowed in the capital as ''we cannot accept that a visit of such importance is disrupted.'' Camara says the Guinean Football Federation made the request to ensure ''a warm welcome'' for the head of world football. A spokesman says security forces will be deployed on the streets of Conakry to prevent any protests. Blatter will make a two-day visit to Guinea as part of a four-country tour of Africa. He also visits Mauritania and Botswana and ends his trip in South Africa to attend Sunday's African Cup of Nations final in Johannesburg.
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Entertainment - Page 11
Wyoming Ranks #3 On Beer Lovers List
There was a recent study done on the best U.S. states for beer lovers, and Wyoming ranks 3rd - only Montana (1st) and Wisconsin (2nd) have us beat. I'm not sure how I feel about that, but I'll take a moment to down some suds while I ponder the results.
Brian Scott's Favorite Corned Beef Recipe
High School Rodeo Club Holds Fundraiser
Rodeo is a year-round commitment that requires long hours, dedication, and motivation. Contestants build skills that will help them become future leaders.<>
The Casper High School Rodeo Club will be hosting a fundraiser and dinner on Thursday, March 20, 2014 at the Best Western Ramkota Hotel, 800 N. Poplar St
Thankful Thursdays To Support The Casper Soccer Club
Thankful Thursdays Kicks Off This Week Supporting The MS Society
Bowl for Jason's Friends this Saturday, March 1st
Are You Right-Brain Or Left-Brain?
You may have heard some people say so-and-so is a great artist because she is right-brained or he is so analytical because he is left-brained. Did you ever wonder what you were? The popular conception is that if you are right-brained you are better at expressive and creative tasks. Thi


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10 Best Cruises for Active Travelers 6 Best Cruise Ship Spas 7 Cruise Ship Diet Busters...and What to Eat Instead Best Cruises for Fitness Best Dancing at Sea Best Eastern Caribbean Shore Excursions Come Aboard My Theme Cruise: Cruising to Run on Caribbean Princess Come Aboard My Walking Cruise in the Canary Islands Dancing Theme Cruises Eat This, Not That: Tips for Eating Healthy on a Cruise Ship How Not to Get Sick on a Cruise: 10 Tips How to Stay Healthy on a Cruise Is an Expedition Cruise in Alaska Right for You? Slideshow: A Closer Look at the Spas on Oasis and Allure of the Seas Slideshow: Cruising with Football and Futbol Stars on an ESPN Theme Cruise The Top 10 Cruise Line Sun Decks Top 10 Places in the Western Caribbean to Go Snorkeling and Diving Understanding Cruise Ship Spa Services Wellness & Fitness Theme Cruises
The ship was awesome with all the modern trimmings. Rope course, plank, dining, ship app, shows all at freestyle (what I call do whatever you want, how ever you want, how ever you want to dress on the ship at your convenience). Dined at random times ... Read more
Overall, it was a great experience. The ship was huge and clean and even the layout was great. There's a promenade that's set up like a street and that was really a lot of fun. Full of bars (like old fashioned pubs) and store and food. Loved it. ... Read more
The service on there was really good nothing too much trouble but be careful with reception as some of them do not speak good English or understand. The best person to speak with is Bernard who comes from Canada. We have never had such friendly ... Read more
We booked this cruise last minute to join with friends already on the ship. This trip started right from the moment I called the cruise line. The guest services people we great and very accommodating. The helped us navigate the entire process. The ... Read more
-Before the Cruise: First time in Venice and very happy that we used AirBnB for our accommodations. Spent two nights in an apartment we shared with another couple we know that were going on the cruise with us. About $180 per night for two bedroom ... Read more
Our family of three left Port Canaveral to Bahamas, 4 nights. We were part of the VIFP group and had priority check-in. We had room U-87. Embarkment was a breeze & organized. It did take long for us to receive our luggages (3 checked-bags), ... Read more
This is my 2nd time sailing with NCL. My first cruise with them was a 7 day Hawaiian cruise in 2002. I have sailed with Carnival 10 times, and I have yet to sail on the same ship twice, so a total of 12 different ships. NCL Getaway is a beautiful ... Read more
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The Derrick Devil(1937)
(Book 48 in the Doc Savage series)
A novel by Kenneth Robeson (Lester Dent)
Used availability for Lester Dent's The Derrick Devil
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
January 1973 : Canada Paperback
|Title: The Derrick Devil: a Doc Savage Adventure
Author(s): Robeson
ISBN: 1-55307-637-0 / 978-1-55307-637-7 (Canada edition)
Publisher: Bantam
Availability: Amazon UK Amazon CA
© 2015 Fantastic Fiction
Questions? Comments? Corrections? Please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Questions? Comments? Corrections? Please email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Movie details
Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004)
Survivors of a deadly virus must fight their way through Raccoon City's legion of undead inhabitants.
Milla Jovovich, Sienna Guillory, Oded Fehr, Thomas Kretschmann, Sophie Vavasseur, Raz Adoti, Jared Harris, Mike Epps, Matthew g. Taylor, Zack Ward, Sandrine Holt
Alexander Witt (Director), Paul w.s. Anderson (Producer), Jeremy Bolt (Producer), Don Carmody (Producer), Bernd Eichinger (Executive Producer), Samuel Hadida (Executive Producer), Paul w.s. Anderson (Writer)
We're sorry, there are no episodes of "Resident Evil: Apocalypse" available to record on your "East Coast " lineup in the next 14 days.
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Program data from Tribune Media Services, Inc.


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Hierarchial Keyword List Generation
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Enjoy this article as well as all of our content, including E-Guides, news, tips and more.
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Create a Keyword field Called "ReqOpt" with ListBox Option in a Layout Region.
Put this formula in Choices Formula.
Check "Refresh Fields on keyword change"
"Refresh choices on document refresh" Properties.
Opts:="+ Movies|+M":"+ Actors|+A";
ReqOpt="+M" | @IsMember(ReqOpt;"DS":"MI":"R");
"- Movies|-M":
"---- Dil Se|DS":
"---- Raat|R":
"---- Mr India|MI":
" ":
"+ Actors|+A";
ReqOpt="+A" | @IsMember(ReqOpt;"AK":"SK");
"+ Movies|+M":
" ":
"- Actors|-MT":
"---- Anil Kapoor|AK":
"---- Sharuk Khan|SK";
When Test form You will see Hierarchial Selection in the keyword field.


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Lake Frome Regional Reserve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Lake Frome Regional Reserve
South Australia
IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
|Nearest town or city
|30°43′51.85″S 139°48′39.46″E / 30.7310694°S 139.8109611°ECoordinates: 30°43′51.85″S 139°48′39.46″E / 30.7310694°S 139.8109611°E
|19 December 1991[1]
|258,240 hectares (638,100 acres)[1]
|Managing authorities
|Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
|See also
|Protected areas of South Australia
Lake Frome Regional Reserve is a type of protected area known as a regional reserve. It is located in South Australia approximately 750 kilometres (470 mi) north-east of the Adelaide city centre and has an area of 75,221 hectares (185,880 acres). It was proclaimed on 19 December 1991 for the following purposes and uses:[2]
…to extend the conservation management of the adjoining Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park. It conserves a large arid salt lake system that is of regional geological significance. The dominant land use of the reserve is biological and cultural conservation.
- ^ a b c "Protected Areas Information System - reserve list (as of 17 Feb 2014)" (PDF). Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ "Regional reserves". Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
|This South Australia protected areas related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This protected areas-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Wanda sykes - wikipedia, free encyclopedia, Wanda sykes (born march 7, 1964) is an american comedian, writer, actress, and voice artist. she earned the 1999 emmy award for her writing on the chris rock show.. Wanda - "bologna" (official) - youtube, "amore" auf itunes kaufen: https://itunes.apple.com/at/album/amo "amore" auf amazon kaufen: http://www.amazon.de/gp/product/b00mv © problembär. Scarlet witch - wikipedia, free encyclopedia, The scarlet witch (wanda maximoff) is a fictional superhero appearing in american comic books published by marvel comics. the character first appeared in x-men #4.
Exuberant color, I backing fabric similar flannel quilt, 60" flannel print 1996. 17 finishes 6 months 2015.. http://exuberantcolor.blogspot.com/ Wanda group-wanda plaza,hotels,commercial properties, Dalian wanda group china' largest commercial property company world' largest cinema chain operator. wanda operates luxury hotels, culture. http://www.wanda-group.com/ Jim carrey - dracula meets wanda - youtube, From tv show living color.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwn3BfhaBqE