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Select Local Merchants
Florida Oceanographic SocietyRead MoreA sea turtle proudly displays its intricately patterned shell. A stingray safely brushes its sleek skin against a child's hand, grazing the top of a 10,000-gallon tank. A bird splashes into mangrove swamps to snatch fish. Sensory experiences like these occur on a regular basis at the 57-acre Florida Oceanographic Coastal Center on Hutchinson Island, sandwiched between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian River Lagoon. As the headquarters for the nonprofit Florida Oceanographic Society, the center strives to both educate the public and inspire environmental stewardship of Florida's coastal ecosystems. Among the center's many activities, visit the Sea Star Touch Tank Pavilion and watch a live feeding at the 750,000-gallon Game Fish Lagoon. Educational programs throughout the day explore the lives of sea turtles and explain how to identify local fish that refuse to wear nametags. Just past a colorful butterfly garden and aquariums at the Frances Langford Visitors Center, guests can find nature trails that wend through mangrove swamps and hardwood hammocks. Here, they can see the natural state of a bio-diverse estuary, along with endangered plants and animals that the Florida Oceanographic Society is striving to save through research as well as educational and restoration initiatives.890 NE Ocean Blvd.Stuart, FL US
Paradise Tire and Auto RepairRead MoreMany young men follow in their father's footsteps, including Paradise Tire & Service's mechanic Anthony. Inspired by his father Joe—an industry vet with nearly 50 years under his belt—Anthony became a mechanic himself. Now, with a seasoned service manager overseeing the garage and another ASE-certified mechanic on staff, the father-son duo repairs rides and maintains them with services such as oil changes, brake inspections, computerized engine analyses, and tire rotations. As the team works, guests can use the shop's loaner cars, which, at midnight, turn back into pumpkins until the next mechanical service is needed.6574 SE Federal HwyStuart, FL US
Valvoline Instant Oil ChangeRead MoreWith lube and service centers spread across America, Valvoline Instant Oil Change ensures that roads from coast to coast teem with automotive vigor. Certified technicians perform a roster of services, including drive-thru oil changes that allow motorists to arrive without an appointment and remain in their car while Valvoline oils forge a truce between metal parts.2361 OCEAN BLVDSTUART, FL US
St Lucie Battery and Tire of Martin CountyRead MoreFrom modest beginnings in 1968, the family-owned-and-operated St. Lucie Battery & Tire has since expanded into a multilocation automotive empire where drivers can replace tires, revive batteries, and receive top-notch mechanical attention from ASE-certified technicians. A 45-minute lube, oil, and filter change drains the used sludge from assiduous engines and replenishes them with up to 5 quarts of fresh, premium-grade lubricant freshly milked by the oil-streaked hands of a gear maid. Meanwhile, they'll relieve a past-prime oil filter of its duty, making room for a resolute rookie who will more forcefully bar entry to rowdy or underage contaminants. To conclude engine pamperings, fluids are brought to the proper levels, tires are rotated, and 21-point safety inspection ensures that there are no obvious or dangerous flaws.3992 SW Bruner TerPalm City, FL US
The Tire Choice and Total Car CareRead MoreThe Tire Choice is a premier tire and automotive servicer in Florida. We sell brand name tires like Michelin, Pirelli, Yokohama, Bridgestone, Firestone, Continental, Goodyear, BFGoodrich and Nitto. We also perform all types of auto services - oil changes, brakes, tune ups, alignments, batteries, A/C service, steering, suspe2010 SW Bayshore BlvdPort Saint Lucie, FL US
Jiffy LubeRead MoreThe highly trained technicians at Jiffy Lube tend to about 24 million customers each year with services such as the Jiffy Lube Signature Service Oil Change package, which promotes the longevity of each vehicle. Staffers acknowledge that oil plays a crucial role in maximizing the lifespan of each car—it cools the motor and prevents moving parts from deteriorating. More than 20,000 technicians who have completed an extensive training program certified by the National Institute Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) nurse vehicles at Jiffy Lube. In addition to performing oil changes, Jiffy Lube's savants perform air-filtration, brakes, electricity, and windshield services, among others. The technicians' quality pledge includes a commitment to transparency, which stipulates that they will inform car owners of any necessary services, only complete a service after it has been approved, and refuse to replace windshields with saran wrap.326 W Indiantown Rd.Jupiter, FL US


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Lighthouses of the Bay Cruise on the SS Jeremiah O'Brien
- Community & Culture
- Pier 45 Fisherman's Wharf San Francisco, CA 94133, US
Fleet Week Cruise SATURDAY
Saturday, October 6, 2012 - Boarding 8am, Departure 9am, Returns 5pm
Departs from Pier 45, Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, CA
Fleet Week Cruise SATURDAY on the SS JEREMIAH O'BRIEN
Saturday, October 6, 2012 from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (PDT)
Fleet Week Cruise SATURDAY
Saturday, October 6, 2012 - Boarding 8am, Departure 9am, Returns 4pm
Departs from Pier 45, Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, CA
Fleet Week celebrates The Bay's great Navy heritage. Fleet Week traditionally begins Saturday with a Parade of Ships. Sail with us Saturday and you won't just be watching the parade. You'll be IN the parade.
Enjoy the BEST aviation show in the United States of America, possibly the world, featuring the US Navy Blue Angels, as well as vintage planes performing the most amazing gravity-defying stunts you will ever see, over the spectacular backdrop of the San Francisco Bay. The Blue Angels fly, weather permitting, about 3pm both days.
The air show begins at 12:30pm and features:
- USCG HH-65 Rescue Demo
- Heritage Flight
- Marine Corp Demo
- Lucas Oil Air Show
- Wargaming North America T-33
- RCAF F-18 Demo
- The Patriots Jet Team
- United Airlines 747
- USAF F-22 Raptor Demo
- Team Oracle
The US Navy Blue Angels begin their air show at 3:00pm.
Your ticket includes:
Launched on June 19, 1943, the SS Jeremiah O'Brien is distinguished as being America's last unaltered Liberty Ship. A 441-foot veteran of the Normandy invasion, fully restored and maintained in her original condition, she is as functional today as when she served as a key component of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Bridge of Ships" in WWII. The ship is a National Historic Landmark. She and her triple expansion reciprocating steam engine are a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Pitkin County
Huge Marijuana Farm In Basalt Faces Closure Because Of Odor
A marijuana farm in Pitkin County is trying to keep the odor of marijuana from bothering residents.
Concern Heightens Over Dry Weather That Creates Fuel For Fire
Some places in Colorado are already preparing for wildfire season. Aspen is one such town, where local organizations are hoping to stop any disaster before it starts.
BLM Conducts Controlled Burn Near Avalanche Creek
The Bureau of Land Management conducted a controlled burn in Pitkin County Tuesday afternoon.
Avalanche Kills 1 In Backcountry Near Aspen
One person is dead after getting trapped in an avalanche late Monday afternoon near Aspen.
Big Limits On Special Events Considered In Colorado
Several Colorado communities are considering limits on special events after residents and neighbors complained they are causing problems.
Hiker Airlifted From Mountains At Nighttime Near Aspen
A hiker from Missouri is recovering after a rare nighttime rescue from the mountains near Aspen.
Bear Activity Surges In Aspen
In August, Aspen police responded to 209 bear calls, a significant increase over 2013.
Hunter Killed In Fall Was 42-Year-Old Littleton Man
The hunter injured in a fall from a peak near Aspen has been identified as 42-year-old Theodore James Leach of Littleton.
Aspen's Tortoise-iPad Art Installation Ends Early
An art exhibit criticized for cruelty to animals has ended six weeks early because its central feature — live tortoises with iPads affixed to their shells — needed to move to drier and warmer climes.
Bear Attack Brings A Reminder About Securing Trash
A sheriff's deputy is recovering from severe wounds after being attacked by a bear in Aspen over the weekend.


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15 gehryx aquiali:a=1 architecture frankgehry 14 usa 10 fv5 8 exterior metal 7 utata seattle california ca losangeles washington bw wa 6 pph ppv 5 disneyconcerthall emp 4 topf25 3 deleteme10 train see tdelaney gap i reflection
11 aquiali:a=1,usa frankgehry,usa architecture,usa gehryx,usa 9 aquiali:a=1,architecture architecture,gehryx architecture,frankgehry 7 architecture,bw aquiali:a=1,ca ca,metal bw,exterior ca,gehryx california,exterior aquiali:a=1,california california,losangeles
aqui-ali 15
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Black History 360: The Schomburg's 6th Annual Summer Education Institute
- Family & Education
- 515 Malcolm X Blvd, New York, NY, 10037
McGraw-Hill CarnegieKids: Shine and the Moonbeams
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
Saturday, March 9, 2013 from 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM (EST)
Bring your little ones to this free, interactive, 45-minute concert that's designed for children ages three to six, and fun for the whole family!
Family music's first soul band Shine and the Moonbeams captures the fun, sweetness, and simplicity of youth in a groovy R&B package. With compassionate verses on important subject matter such as standing up to bullies and celebrating individuality, kids and adults will identify with Shine's insightful lyrics and soulful melodies.
The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, a research unit of The New York Public Library, is one of the world's leading research facilities devoted to the preservation of materials on the global African and African diasporan experiences. A focal point of Harlem's cultural life, the Center sponsors programs and events that illuminate and illustrate the richness of black history and culture.
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Kentucky basketball prospect Karl Towns adding weight to his game
10:51 PM, Jun. 18, 2013
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Kentucky basketball prospect Karl Towns adding weight to his game
Karl Towns Jr. is a big guy, with a big desire to make a big impact. It?s guiding how he spends the last summer of his high school career. Towns, 7 feet 1 and 250 pounds, is a five-star prospect who
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Vegetable-Bulgur Salad
Level: Easy
Serves: 4
Advertisement - Continue Reading Below
- 1 c. bulgur wheat
- Kosher salt and pepper
- 1 large onion
- 1 large red bell pepper
- 1 large yellow bell pepper
- 1 medium zucchini
- 1 tbsp. olive oil
- 1 can chickpeas
- 1.50 c. fresh flat-leaf parsley
- 3 tbsp. bottled red-wine vinaigrette
- 1 small clove garlic
- Heat oven to 450°F. Cook the bulgur according to package directions. Transfer to a large bowl.
- Mix bulgur and 1/2 teaspoon salt in a large bowl. Add the water, cover tightly, and let stand 20 minutes until bulgur is tender.
- Meanwhile, cut onion in rings, peppers in strips and zucchini in 1/4-inch-thick rounds. On a large rimmed baking sheet, toss the vegetables with the oil and 1/4 tsp each salt and pepper.
- Roast, stirring once, until vegetables are golden brown and tender, 15 to 20 minutes.
- Add the roasted vegetable, chickpeas, parsley, vinaigrette, garlic and 1/4 tsp pepper to the bulgur and toss combine.
What do you think?
Man Tries to Slice a Watermelon with a Sword, Fails Miserably
You HAVE to watch the video until the end.
7 Ice Cream Spritzers That Will Change Your Whole Summer
They're like ice cream sodas, only so. much. better.
Those Cans of Tuna You Buy May Not Actually Contain Any Tuna
You'll cringe when you find out what you're eating instead.
More From Food + Recipes


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American Security Programs, Inc.
B-402069,B-402069.2: Jan 15, 2010
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
Ralph O. White
(202) 512-8278
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-8278
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
American Security Programs, Inc. (ASP), of Dulles, Virginia, protests the issuance of a task order to Coastal International Security, Inc. (CIS), of Lorton, Virginia, by the General Services Administration (GSA) under request for quotations (RFQ) No. NP9700090888 for construction site security services. ASP alleges that CIS is ineligible to receive an order because it does not offer all the services required by the RFQ on its Federal Supply Schedule (FSS) contract.
We sustain the protest.
Jul 6, 2015
- ThermoAir Spray BoothsB-411358
- TransAtlantic Lines, LLCB-411242,B-411242.2
Jun 30, 2015
- Precise Management, LLC--ReconsiderationB-410912.2
Jun 29, 2015
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Jun 26, 2015
- SageCare, Inc.B-411260
- Computer World Services Corporation; CompQSoftB-411216,B-411216.3,B-411216.4,B-411216.5
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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Blue Tomato and friends at Hochkönig Kingspark
A Snowboarding video by bluetomato - 1,140 views
Last Friday on 02-03-2012 numerous snowboarders met in the Blue Tomato Kings Park Hochkönig for a photo and film shooting. At spring-like temperatures above all the ladies flourished and showed their best tricks. Some nice shots were made on the kickers and rails in all four park sections and a sick video edit is out now -- check it out! kingspark.at Music: Echo - Bobby
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I am super honoured to have had some of my work feature again in Destination Weddings & Honeymoons. H.
Wedding photographer based in Johannesburg South Africa specialising in photojournalistic and fine art destination wedding photography.
I am super honoured to have had some of my work feature again in Destination Weddings & Honeymoons. H.
This is the wedding photography website of Hannes Uys. Hannes is a freelance photographer based in Johannesburg South Africa, however on occasion photographs unique weddings wherever life likes to take him. Here, you will find some of his latest work that he feels needs a post, or just a few random thoughts on photography in general. In Hannes's world there is always something beautiful to be found somewhere.
e-mail: 104,97,110,110,101,115,32,123,64,125,32,104,97,110,110,101,115,117,121,115,46,99,111,109moc.syusennah }@{ sennah
phone: +27 (0)72 200 7218
skype: hannesuysphotographer
address: johannesburg, south africa
© 2015 Wedding Photographer | Hannes Uys | Johannesburg | Gauteng | South Africa|ProPhoto Website by NetRivet Websites


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Midweek Carvery @ Calderfields - 2 courses for just £7.95!Today
From Monday to Thursday's enjoy Calderfields famous carvery (2 courses) for just £7.95!
Steak Night @ The WheatsheafToday
Join The Wheatsheaf every Thursday for their Steak Night
Children's Boxing in WalsallToday
Children's Boxing classes every Tuesday and Thursday in Walsall
Tai-Chi Classes in Walsall - ThursdayToday
Try Tai-Chi Classes in Walsall from Bliss Yoga & Pilates
Hot Yoga Classes in WalsallToday
Bliss Yoga and Pilates now offer Hot Yoga Classes
Evening Walk in Walsall ArboretumToday
Enjoy an hour long evening walk around Walsall Arboretum
Live Music @ The Black Country ArmsToday
Join The Black Country Arms for a night of live music!
Yoga Classes in Walsall - Friday03/07/2015
Yoga Classes in Walsall from Bliss Yoga and Pilates
Ladies Boxercise Classes in Walsall03/07/2015
Ladies Boxercise Classes in Walsall every Saturday 10.30am-11.30am
Adult Boxing Classes in Walsall03/07/2015
Adult Boxing Classes in Walsall every Monday, Wednesday and Friday


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Why you need to grip your bike with your legs more (and how to do it better)
Find out why you should be gripping your mx bike with your legs and how to get better at it.
Find out why you should be gripping your mx bike with your legs and how to get better at it.
The One Industries Exo Shell is a nice under the jersey protector that offers CE level spine protection.
The FMF Factory 4.1 RCT Slip-On is an excellent option for a rider who is looking for increased performance, but doesn't want to spend the money on a full exhaust system.
Motocross has been and always will be dangerous, let's hope changes can continually be made to make it safer for everyone.
Moto Skills with Nick Wey offers advice from Wey's nearly 20 years of prefessional mx racing experience
Different tracks, different layouts, different dirt and the 2015 Yamaha YZ 450F worked great on all of them.
No matter what your thoughts are on Ryan Dungey, you should strive to ride like him.


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Enter the surname of any member of staff in the box to bring up a full list of their publications. Below we highlight some of our more recent publications.
Recently Published
Chaudhary, Ali (2015) 'Racialized Incorporation: The Effects of Race and Generational Status on Self-Employment and Industry-Sector Prestige in the United States', International Migration Review 49 (2): 318-54 (Download from external site)
Bjola, Corneliu (2015) 'Diplomacy as World Disclosure: A Fractal Theory of Crisis Management', British Journal of Politics and International Relations (Download from external site)
Crivello, Gina (with Virginia Morrow) (2015) 'What Is the Value of Qualitative Longitudinal Research with Children and Young People for International Development?', International Journal of Social Research Methodology 18 (3) : 267-80 (Download from external site)
Alkire, Sabina (with Suman Seth) (2015) 'Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in India between 1999 and 2006: Where and How?', World Development 72: 93-108 (Download from external site)
Crivello, Gina (2015) ''There's no future here': The Time and Place of Children's Migration Aspirations in Peru', Geoforum : 38-46 (Download from external site)
Masino, Serena (2015) 'Macroeconomic Volatility, Institutional Instability and the Incentive to Innovate', Review of Development Economics 19 (1): 116-31 (Download from external site)
Bjola, Corneliu (2014) 'Diplomatic Leadership in Times of International Crisis: The Maverick, the Congregator and the Pragmatist', Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10 (1) (Download from external site)
Roy, Indrajit (2014) 'Reserve Labor, Unreserved Politics: Dignified Encroachments under India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme', Journal of Peasant Studies 14 (4): 517-45 (Download from external site)
Singh, Abhijeet (2014) 'Private School Effects in Urban and Rural India: Panel Estimates at Primary and Secondary School Ages', Journal of Development Economics (Download from external site)


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Friday 29 June 2012 - The Chemical Engineer... proud winner of a 2011 Tabbie Award for best single news article
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2011 Entries
Power Stores
Yoshio Nishi
Handheld electronics and gadgets – from mobile phones to laptops – have transformed the way we live over the past decade or so. But the revolution led by Steve Jobs and his slightly less famous compatriot, Adam Osborne (the inventor of the laptop), would not have been possible without high-power rechargeable batteries, and they were brought to market thanks to a chemical engineer. Like many engineers, Yoshio Nishi is not a household name but frankly he should be, for he led the team that turned the lithium ion battery from a research concept into practical, commercially viable reality.
Nishi, who studied solid physical chemistry at the engineering department of Keio University in Tokyo, spent a lifetime working for Sony. In the mid-1980s he was appointed general manager of the lithium ion battery development team.
Lithium ion batteries promised to overcome the environmental problems associated with nickel-cadmium batteries, and also had a much greater energy density. Even so in the early stages of development many thought that lithium was too dangerous, the technology too risky and the whole concept premature.
One of the biggest challenges was making the battery safe even when subjected to serious abuse.
The team devised vents to prevent overpressure, introduced a porous membrane separating anode and cathode that would become impermeable in the event of a temperature spike, added elements with a positive temperature coefficient to prevent thermal runaway, and designed a mechanical link that would disconnect the cathode lead if pressure built up inside the battery.
Even so, lithium ion batteries have caused many phones and laptops to spontaneously combust over the years, triggering huge product recalls. Nishi blames price competition putting pressure on engineers to use cheaper materials and other shortcuts, and device designers ignoring the battery's usage specifications.
His advice: Engineers have a duty to ensure management understands the safety implications of cost cuts, and not to compromise easily on what they believe is important.
Full article published in:
tce 836, February 2011
The secret of soda
Nicholas Leblanc
Not all chemical engineers would have called themselves by that name. Indeed, for some that term did not exist. No that that changes the nature of their work.
Take Nicholas Leblanc, for example. Born in 1742 near Orleans, during the reign of Louis XVI, Leblanc's official profession was that of a surgeon to the Duke of Orleans. That afforded him a laboratory, some spare time, and a reasonable supply of money – enough to indulge his interest in chemistry and crystallisation.
When the French Academy of Sciences in 1783 offered a prize of 2400 livres to whoever might develop an economically viable process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) from sea salt, Leblanc could not resist.
Leblanc, like other researchers looking to solve the challenge, began by heating sea salt in the presence of a source of sulpur (in this case, sulphuric acid) to produce sodium sulphate. His breakthrough was mixing the sodium sulphate with charcoal and adding calcium carbonate, at a temperature of 1000°C. This reaction yields sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate, which are fairly easy to separate.
The king was delighted. The neighbours less so: Leblanc had not just created one of the earliest industrial chemical processes but also one of the first major pollution problems. Per ton of soda ash, the process produces 7 t of calcium sulphate waste and 5.5 t of hydrogen chloride, which was released straight to the atmosphere, killing trees and blighting the landscape for miles around. In the UK, where Leblanc's process saw widespread use, this resulted in one of the earliest pieces of air pollution regulation – the Alkali Act of 1863.
Leblanc, alas, did not get to enjoy the fruits of his labour. The French revolution intervened, and Leblanc had to reveal the details of his process, which was used to set up competing factories. His own sole soda factory was seized, his paymaster, the Duke of Orleans, executed, and Leblanc and his family evicted from their home. Of the 2400 livres for developing the process he only ever saw 60. Leblanc eventually committed suicide in 1806.
His legacy lives on though: Leblanc soda plants laid the foundation to chemical sites near Glasgow and Liverpool, and the production of soda ash was the key driver of the nascent chemical industry in the mid-19th century.
Full article published in:
tce 838, April 2011
Getting to the bottom of it
Victor Mills
What do you do when your employer, a big consumer goods company, has just acquired several paper mills and now has more paper than it knows what to do with? Well, obviously, you dream up a new and revolutionary product that just so happens to use huge quantities of paper.
For Victor Mills, head of the exploratory products division of Procter & Gamble, the brainwave came courtesy of his family. Mills had just become a grandfather, and was painfully reminded of just how much he detested washing nappies. The idea was born: what if you could create a nappy consisting mostly of shredded absorbent paper which could simply be thrown away after use?
Many hours of experimenting with different types of paper and nappy designs, all with the help of a trusted 'team' of Betsy Wetsy toys (a brand of 'realistic' urinating doll popular in the 1950s) followed. Further product testing followed on a family holiday, where Mills took his by now three grandchildren on many long drives. The nappies proved to be a full success, now all they needed was a name: Tads? Solos? How about Larks? None seemed right. Eventually, P&G settled on Pampers. And the world's best-known disposable nappy was born.
Despite questions of the sustainability of the throw-away nappy, the reality is that some 90% of babies in the industrial world wear them. Globally, the market is worth some US$29b/y. Of course today the paper filling of the early nappies has long since been replaced by superabsorbers, making the nappies much thinner while increasingly leak-proof.
And Victor Mills, rather than sinking into the obscurity afforded to most chemical engineers, remains one of P&G's best-remembered innovators. To this date, the company runs the 'Victor Mills Society', an elite club reserved for its most accomplished scientists and innovators.
Full article published in:
tce 839, May 2011
The great outdoor revolution
Wilbert and Robert Gore
As everyone knows, polymers are flexible. So much so that in one case, what started out as plumbers' joint-sealing tape has revolutionsed the world of camping, fishing, hiking and other outdoor pursuits.
The material in question of course is Gore-Tex, developed by a family of chemical engineers-cum-innovators – specifically, the father-and-son team Bill and Bob Gore. Wilbert 'Bill' Gore had spent 16 years working for DuPont, during which time he'd become involved with the company's fluorochemicals business, where he was working on PTFE – commonly known as Teflon. Bill was convinced that Teflon had potential beyond non-stick frying pans.
PTFE has outstanding electrical properties and can withstand extreme temperatures without getting brittle, so Bill, working after hours in his basement, developed it as an electrical wire insulator. The product worked, Bill quit his job, and the resulting Multi-Tet cable was so useful in the early computer industry it even made it to the Moon landings.
PTFE's transformation from spacefaring insulator to fisherman's friend came courtesy of Bill's son Bob, who was trying to stretch extruded polymer to create a material fit for the aforementioned plumbing tape. The material refused to cooperate, no matter how carefully Bob tried to stretch it. The breakthrough came when Bob gave it a fast, hard yank – perhaps out of frustration – and much to his surprise found it had stretched by a factor of 1,000. Quite accidentally, he had created microporous PTFE, a honeycomb-like material which, because it contains 70% air, is a first-rate insulator. Not only that but its fine pores created a fabric that was wind- and waterproof and yet remained breathable.
Once the inevitable teething troubles were straightened out, Gore-Tex was set to become the ubitquitous outdoor material it is today, found in everything from all-weather clothing for skiing, golfing or dogwalking to surgical implants and even dental floss and guitar strings.
Full article published in:
tce 840, June 2011
Driving units and progress
Arthur D Little
If chemical engineering is the application of science to industry, then one of its most influential pioneers was Arthur D Little. Founder of the international consultancy that bears his name, Little's achievements stretch much further: he developed the concept of unit operations – still a cornerstone of the profession – and used it to define the role of chemical engineering in industrial chemistry. He was also one of six founding members of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the driving force behind the creation of the chemical engineering practice school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1920.
Little was far ahead of his time in recognising the importance of long-term industrial research. The turn of the century saw rapid industrial development and process design, but corporate R&D remained an intermittent and hap-hazard affair, stopping and starting on a project-by-project basis. Little was an early and vociferous proponent of organised, longterm R&D, both within companies and at universities, which he lambasted for failing to provide adequate equipment for industrial research.
The consultancy he set up was one way of filling this gap. Little and the people he hired applied themselves tirelessly to improving processes and perfecting products. Their tenacity paid off: within five years of its foundation in 1905, the Arthur D Little consultancy had made a name for itself and ran specialised departments covering fuel engineering, forest products, textiles and more.
To the profession, his most lasting legacy is the concept of unit operations. He explained: "Any chemical process, on whatever scale conducted, may be resolved into a coordinate series of what may be termed 'unit operations', as pulverising, dyeing, roasting, crystallising, filtering, evaporation, electrolysing and so on." He added that the number of different unit operations is quite finite – the great complexity of chemical engineering is the result of the variety of conditions under which these unit operations are carried out.
Almost 100 years later, his analysis remains as accurate as ever.
Full article published in:
tce 841, July 2011
Sweet success
Charles Edward Howard and Norbert Rillieux
The background of Charles Edward Howard and Norbert Rillieux could have scarcely been more different – Howard the younger brother of the Duke of Norfolk, and Rillieux the son of a slave. Yet both in the early 19th century made crucial improvements to the important process of sugar refining, making important contributions to the pre-history of chemical engineering.
The sugar plantations in North and South America and the Caribbean were a major business at the time, and one that could only be operated with a significant investment in slave labour. Harvested cane had to be processed within two days in a process that was so backbreaking and dangerous that on average it cost one slave life per two tons of sugar.
Juice was extracted from the cut cane by crushing it in a three-roller mill, initially driven by mules and later by steam engines. A wooden gutter would transport the juice into the boiling house, where it entered a series of flat-bottomed copper kettles of decreasing size (the so-called Jamaica train), in which the juice was repeatedly boiled to produce a thick syrup. Milk of lime and ox blood were added to clarify the solution, and slaves would skim off the impurities, before the syrup was poured into pots to set into semi-refined sugar.
Howard's contribution was to replace the open Jamaica train with a vacuum pan and filter units. Reducing the pressure meant that the sugar juice could be boiled at much lower temperatures, cutting the risk of burns and reducing caramelisation and allowing the evaporation step to continue till the sugar crystallised, resulting in much better, purer sugar.
Rillieux improved Howard's vacuum pans further by using the hot steam from the first evaporator to heat the second and so on. This improved the energy of the process so drastically that the installation of Rillieux' improved multi-effect evaporator paid for itself within a year.
Both Howard and Rillieux saw the success of their innovations during their lifetime though Rillieux, because of his colour (he was one quarter black), occasionally found it difficult to enjoy the fruits of his labour. As for slaves, the improvement in their lot was only temporary: while the improved evaporators made processing sugar safer and less arduous, the increased capacity of the processing plants meant that ever-more sugar had to be planted and harvested – equally backbreaking and dangerous work. But vacuum evaporation and multiple-effect evaporators are still very much with us today.
Full article published in:
tce 842, August 2011
From calculator to flat-screen TV
Tomio Wada
We owe a greater debt to pocket calculators than we might think – for every flat-screen LCD (liquid crystal display), be it the TV at home, the mobile phone in your pocket or the computer monitor in the office, is essentially the grandchild of a pocket calculator launched by Japan's Sharp Corporation in 1973. The EL-805 calculator (no prizes for a catchy name) was the first commercial electronic device to use an LCD screen.
The 1960s and 70s saw the so-called 'calculator wars' – a period of fierce price competition between manufacturers of early pocket calculators. One of the main problems of early pocket calculators was their power consumption – the fluorescent display tubes or light-emitting diodes they used required a lot of battery power, resulting in a very heavy calculator that worked for little more than an hour before it needed new batteries.
By chance, the Japanese TV channel NHK broadcasted a science documentary featuring an experimental LCD display developed by George Heilmeier at Princeton University. Among those watching it was Tomio Wada, a chemical engineer working for Sharp. Wada instantly realised that LCD displays could be the solution he'd been looking for.
But liquid crystals were a scientific curiosity that had seen very little use outside the science lab. Nobody at Sharp knew anything about them, the scientific literature was sparse to say the least, and it was not even known which compound Heilmeier had used in his display.
Despite this, Sharp decided that LCD screens were the way to go. A 20-strong team was assembled under Wada's leadership and given the hugely ambitious goal to have a calculator with a working LCD screen on the market within 18 months.
The team tested 3,000 different liquid crystals and 500 mixtures; overcame regulatory hurdles, developed a new photolithographic etching process from scratch, to name but a few of the challenges.
The team succeeded: Within 17 months, the EL-805 was ready for launch. Weighing in at 200 g and only 2.1 cm thick it would fit in any shirt pocket – unlike the competition's 25 cm alternative, weighing in at a full 25 kg.
Full article published in:
tce 843, September 2011
Upping the octane
Vladimir Haensel
To many an engineer the phrase "It cannot be done" is like a red rag to a bull. Vladimir Haensel, process research coordinator with UOP, was no exception. Haensel was working on petroleum cracking and looking for ways of increasing the octane rating of the resulting fuels – at the time, in 1941, an octane rating of 65 RON was the norm. Such a low octane rating makes a fuel very likely to combust prematurely, causing serious engine knock – which in turn makes it impossible to use efficient high-compression engines.
Haensel was looking for a suitable catalyst for the cracking process and was convinced that platinum would be perfect for the job. Except, of course, that platinum was extremely rare and prohibitively expensive – "it cannot be done" was the received wisdom.
But what, thought Haensel, if he could make do with a vanishingly small quantity of platinum? What if on top of that he could regenerate any fouled catalyst
in situ
, allowing him to – in theory at least – run the process indefinitely?
His refusal to accept conventional wisdom led to the creation of a heterogeneous alumina-supported platinum catalyst that would very effectively dehydrogenate the hydrocarbons in the C6–C10 paraffins and transform the resulting unsaturated hydrocarbons into nice aromatic rings. By working with a highly-dispersed catalyst with extremely small platinum particles, Haensel managed to reduce the platinum content in the catalyst to as little as 0.01%. The so-called 'platforming' (platinum reforming) process was born.
The first platforming unit started up in 1949 and is still very much with us – some minor improvements aside. Today the vast majority of our fuels are produced through a platforming process. Without Haensel's determination, we could say goodbye to today's supercars and hello to the backfiring smoke-belching cars of the 1930s.
Full article published in:
tce 844, October 2011
Plastic fantastic
Reginald Gibson, Eric Fawcett, Michael Perrin and Dermot Manning
Polyethylene (PE) is everywhere. From shopping bags to Tupperware boxes, from plastic toys to water pipes and even hip replacements, it's PE's versatility that makes it the world's most common plastic.
Its commercial success came courtesy of two ICI chemists, Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett, who in 1933 experimented with ethylene and benzaldehyde at high pressure. The reaction yielded a mysterious waxy solid but the reaction was fickle – attempts to reproduce it would as often as not result in a very loud bang and a mixture of hydrogen and carbon. Nobody could work out initially why the experiment would result in these quite spectacular failures, and ICI eventually decided to stop the research before someone came to serious grief.
It later transpired that the key to making the experiment work was oxygen: if there's too little, nothing happens, too much and the mixture explodes. It had been pure luck that some of the ethylene bottles used in the early experiments had been contaminated with just the right amount of oxygen.
With high-pressure chemistry still in its infancy, there was little off-the-shelf equipment, and it fell to the team's resident engineer, Dermot Manning, to design and build most of the reaction vessels. A key problem was sealing the vessels, as the standard lens ring would not hold gas at pressures above 300 atm – and ICI wase working at well over 1,000 atm here. Manning devised a self-sealing wave ring, which used the rising internal pressure to seal the wavy circumference of the ring into its seat, which overcame the problem.
Full-scale production of PE started the very day Germany invaded Poland, and a polymer that had been destined for telecommunications cable was used to insulate airborne radar instead. This proved to be an important advantage, as it enabled the British forces to create a radar system that was light enough to place on fighter planes, which helped their supply ships avoid German submarines.
Full article published in:
tce 845, November 2011
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Pfizer's penicillin pioneers
Jasper Kane and John McKeen
Sometimes it's not the innovation itself that matters – it's making it available in quantity and at the right time. Scale-up, in other words.
Ensuring that there was sufficient penicillin to treat the hundreds of thousands of soldiers that took part in the D-Day landings during World War II was not the work of Alexander Fleming; it was chemical engineers who made that happen. While many worked on scaling up production of penicillin, it was Pfizer chemist Jasper Kane and chemical engineer John McKeen who arguably made the biggest contribution.
The two cracked the problem of production via deep-tank fermentation. Since penicillin requires air to grow, the biggest problem was designing an aerated, stirred tank that would reliably and efficiently produce quantities of the notoriously fickle drug.
War-time materials shortages forced Pfizer to take a huge commercial gamble on producing the drug: with no means of acquiring extra reactors, Pfizer had to re-configure units producing tried and tested cash products.
Factory manager John Smith was reluctant. "The mould is as temperamental as an opera singer, the yields are low, the isolation is difficult, the extraction is murder, the purification invites disaster and the assay is unsatisfactory. Think of the risks and then think of the expensive investment in big tanks – think of what it means if you lose a 2000-gallon tank against what you lose if a flask goes bad. Is it worth it?"
It is to the credit of Kane that he did not back down, and convinced his bosses to do the right thing and take the commercial gamble. And it is to the credit of McKeen and his team, who worked sixteen hours a day, seven days a week, to complete the scale-up in just six months. The D-day landings alone saw 150,000 soldiers treated with penicillin, and 90% of the doses supplied were supplied by Pfizer.
Full article published in
tce 824, February 2010
Feed the world
Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch
Since the start of the 20
century, the Earth has been experiencing an unprecedented population explosion. Where for the thousands of years of human existence before, global population only crept up very slowly, growth since the late 1800s has been exponential.
Of course many factors have contributed to this. But one of the most fundamental drivers has been our ability to grow more food. Hunger and famine were once commonplace in the western world and a major cause of death. Today, obesity is well on the way to becoming our biggest killer.
This would not have been possible without the advent of modern fertilisers. And that, in turn, is the work of industrial chemist Fritz Haber and chemical engineer Carl Bosch. The Haber-Bosch process, quite possibly the best-known chemical process in the world, captures nitrogen from the air and converts it to ammonia.
Breaking the remarkably stable triple bonds of atmospheric nitrogen in order to make it available for ammonia production was Haber's work, who developed a high-temperature high-pressure process for the task. It fell to Bosch, chemical engineer at BASF, to scale up the process. Not only did Bosch have to find a cheaper way of producing hydrogen, he also needed t find a practical new catalyst (a task his assistant, Alwin Mittasch, is still fondly remembered for) and he had to develop a reactor that would withstand both the high temperatures and high pressures of the reaction, at a time when high-pressure chemistry was still in its infancy and suitable equipment (reactor vessels, pipes, instrumentation etc) was not readily available.
It is testament to Bosch's work that over 100 years later, his process is still in use everywhere around the world, and practically unchanged.
Full article published in
tce 825, March 2010
Fuelling a way of life
Donald Campbell, Homer Martin, Eger Murphree and Charles Tyson
Modern life runs – quite literally – on the products of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Our cars run on petrol, the planes on jet fuel, we pick up our food from the supermarket (or bring it from home) wrapped in polyethylene film and wash it down with drinks from a polycarbonate bottle, while standing on a polypropylene carpet.
Yet this ubiquitous feedstock of modern life in all its aspects would be a lot rarer – not to mention a great deal more expensive – if it wasn't for the workhorse of the refining industry, the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit.
Some 400 FCC units are in operation around the world today. And each and every one of them can trace its ancestry back to one such unit, the Model I FCC, which started up in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on 25 May 1942.
The 17,000 bbl/d unit was largely the brainchild of four chemical engineers, known as "the four horsemen", working for the New Jersey company Standard Oil. They were Donald Campbell, Homer Martin, Eger Murphree and Charles Tyson.
The four developed today's modern FCC process largely because their employer (and several other companies) did not want to pay the hefty $50m licensing fee for another early catalytic cracking process, developed by the French engineer Eugene Houdry and the pharmacist EA Prudhomme. But while the Houdry process was a semi-batch process using a fixed-bed catalyst, the real breakthrough for the "four horsemen" (and their advisors at MIT) was to realise that under certain circumstances, a powdered catalyst could behave like a liquid. This paved the way for the continuous process that was so efficient that it not only rapidly outcompeted the Houdry process, but remains in continuous use 60 years on.
Full article published in
tce 826, April 2010
Rubber, PVC and bubblegum
Waldo Semon
Like so many innovations, the success of PVC – the world's second most-used plastic, after polyethylene – is down to an accidental discovery. Waldo Semon, a young chemical engineer a few months into his first proper job with rubber producer BF Goodrich, had meant to find an adhesive that would bond rubber to metal. Semon decided to work with polyvinyl chloride, a brittle polymer universally thought to be totally useless. In an attempt to remove the chlorine, Semon solvated the PVC with a high-boiling solvent before treating it with zinc or a strong organic amine. "Imagine my surprise when I found that the solvated PVC was flexible, resilient and would bounce!," he later said. "When I later found that the plasticised PVC would resist alkaline, strong acids and most solvents it seemed to me that it would have quite a range of commercial possibility."
Convincing the management of this potential would prove a challenge in its own right, solved through a canny combination of PVC-coated (and therefore waterproofed) curtains, a vice president fond of camping (but tired of leaking tents) and an ad-hoc demonstration involving a bulging in-try and a decanter of water.
Today, PVC is the material of choice for two out of three water pipes and three quarters of the world's sanitary sewers, with other applications ranging all the way from credit cards and window frames to electrical insulation tape.
Semon, meanwhile, didn't rest on his laurels: he went on to develop a process and formula for synthetic rubber – a highly sought-after commodity during World War II, considering that the war had cut off supplies of natural rubber from Asia and Germany would not reveal the secret of producing "Buna-S", the only other known synthetic rubber at the time. Through hard work and determination, Semon and his team developed the Ameripol rubber process, which by 1944 saw the US produce twice as much synthetic rubber as the world's production of natural rubber had totaled before the war.
Full article published in
tce 827, May 2010
Engineering the sexual revolution
George Rosenkranz, Luis Miramontes and Carl Djerassi
Not all of chemical engineering's contributions revolve around heavy industry, chemicals and refining. In pharmaceuticals, too, they have made their mark – and one of their contributions to the pharma industry has had social consequences that could hardly have been more profound.
If you're a modern woman, who takes it for granted that women can expect the same sort of career path as men and who revels in the liberty of being able to choose if and when to have children, then you, too, owe a debt to George Rosenkranz, Luis Miramontes and Carl Djerassi. The three – two chemical engineers and one chemist, two Jewish refugees from Europe and one local Mexican – were responsible for synthesising the first synthetic progesterone, which would go on to be used in the contraceptive pill.
Building on a process discovered by the maverick chemist Russel Marker, who synthesised progesterone from sapogenins, natural steroids found in Mexican yams, Rosenkranz, Miramontes and Djerassi created a synthetic variant that not only was a lot more active, but would also survive absorption through the digestive tract.
Not that anyone thought of using it as a contraceptive, at least to begin with; initial target indications were menstrual disorders and, ironically, infertility. Even once its contraceptive effect became known, fear of religiously-motivated boycotts caused companies to veer away from the drug. Rosenkranz says: "I went around Europe and the world offering the contraceptive, but nobody wanted it."
A sustained campaign by women's rights campaigners Margaret Sanger and Katharine Dexter McCormick, backed up by deep pockets and research funding, changed all that. Today, the Pill is used by over 100m women ever day. The freedom to choose and time when to have children has allowed women to claim equality in the workplace, and the sharp drop in birth rates in countries wherever the Pill is easy to obtain is arguably chemical engineering's greatest-ever contribution to sustainability.
Full article published in
tce 828, June 2010
From fuel hero to climate zero
Thomas Midgley
Not everyone who changed the world did so in a way we'd celebrate. And sometimes, it takes the benefit of hindsight to realise the true impact of an apparently beneficial innovation. That certainly is the case for Thomas Midgley – mechanical engineer, chemist and chemical engineer – who during his lifetime was celebrated as a prolific inventor with a can-do attitude who had solved the longstanding and damaging problem of engine knock and gifted the world affordable and safe coolants for refrigerators and air conditioning units, as well as a universal safe propellant for aerosols.
Today, he is described, in a much less reverential tones, as the man who "had more impact on the atmosphere than any other single organism in Earth's history." Midgley's innovations? Tetraethyl lead and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Midgley had, by all accounts, a brilliantly inventive mind, untroubled by received wisdom and undaunted by even the most complex tasks. When his scientific reasoning sent him in the wrong direction, strokes of sheer luck would deliver the unexpected breakthrough, such as in the discovery of TEL. Though his hands-on pragmatic attitude makes for chilling reading for today's engineers, especially when it comes to the conditions found in the early TEL production plants and Midgley's cheerful dismissal of the warnings he received about TEL's poisonous side-effects.
While there were some early indications of the dangers of TEL (even if they were downplayed and dismissed at the time), it would take much longer for the side effects of Midley's second innovation to become known. For thirty years, CFCs – particularly Midgley's innovation, Freon – were the workhorse of the refrigeration industry and the propellant of choice in just about any hairspray, deodorant or insecticide spray. Unlike the available alternatives, Freon was neither toxic, flammable nor explosive.
At the time of Midgley's untimely death at the age of 55, he was highly celebrated and decorated, holder of numerous awards and prestigious offices. His legacy stayed with us for many years more, though perhaps not in the way he and his contemporaries might have anticipated.
Full article published in
tce 829/30, July/August 2010
Cool inventions
Carl von Linde and William Hampson
The liquefaction and separation of air is one of those processes that many engineers worked on over the years, but only one – or rather two – would succeed at. Two very similar processes for the liquefaction of air were independently developed in Germany and the UK and patented within weeks of each other; the first by the mechanical engineer Carl von Linde, the second by a hitherto unknown, classics graduate and barrister William Hampson.
Both used air itself as a refrigerant, exploiting the Joule Thompson effect, which describes how gas gets colder as it expands. The effect is even more pronounced if the gas was previously compressed and chilled. Harnessing the effect in a virtuous cycle, by allowing compressed cooled air to expand in a counter-current heat exchanger so it cools the incoming compressed air to ever-lower temperatures, both inventors eventually cooled the air to -190ºC: the point at which it turns liquid.
It might have taken von Linde three days of running increasingly cold air through an incredibly long steel tube which he'd packed in wool for insulation, but on 29 May 1895, he eventually got there: "With clouds rising all around it, the pretty bluish liquid was poured into a large metal bucket," he writes in his autobiography. "The hourly yield was about three litres. For the first time on such a scale air had been liquefied, and using tools of amazing simplicity compared to what had been used before."
Where von Linde was an engineer, industrialist and already an expert in refrigeration before he started, Hampson was a complete unknown, with no relevant training and no record of what might have perked his interest in sciences and engineering. Nevertheless, his process was both simpler and more efficient than von Linde's, liquefying air in a mere 20 minutes compared with the three days of von Linde's early attempts.
The Hampson-Linde cycle gave rise to the modern industrial gases industry, provided pure gases for countless industrial processes and paved the way for the discovery of several rare gases.
Full article published in
tce 831, September 2010
Degrees of separation
Csaba Horváth
There are those who have hailed chromatography as one of the most significant developments of the 20
century, and yet few people outside a chemistry lab would have any understanding of what chromatography is, or what it is used for. A classic 'behind the scenes' technology, chromatography is the workhorse of analytical chemistry, and finds extensive use in healthcare, quality control, and drug discovery to name but a few fields.
Pharmaceutical companies use it to isolate active ingredients and ensure accurate dosing, hospitals use it to identify poisons or drugs in patients' blood; environmental laboratories rely on it to check for contaminants; forensic scientists apply it to analyse samples from a crime scene; industrial chemists rely on it to determine the composition of petroleum oil, check the level of additives in foods, monitor pesticide contamination, and so on.
Key to making the process widely applicable was the adaptation of gas chromatography to liquids. This opened up its use for the separation of organic and biological molecules, many of which are involatile and too fragile for vaporization.
That achievement goes to the Hungarian born chemical engineer, Csaba Horváth, the father of modern high performance liquid chromatography. Horwath took an early interest in separation sciences and – unusually for a chemical engineer during the 1960s – in biochemical engineering. Adapting recent advances in gas chromatography to the nascent science of liquid chromatography, Horváth dramatically speeded up throughput and ramped up sensitivity while reducing the size of the equipment.
Today, HPLC is so sensitive that the characteristic patterns of peaks not only identify different molecules in a sample, but – thanks to very subtle differences in production processes and batch chemistry that give chemicals a very unique "fingerprint" also the production plant they came from.
Csaba Horváth may not be a household name, but without him, the world would be a much scarier place.
Full article published in
tce 832, October 2010
Man of steel
Henry Bessemer
If the industrial revolution was built on steel, then the father of the industrial revolution was Henry Bessemer. It was the Bessemer process that made steel available in industrial quantities at an affordable price.
Patented in 1855, the Bessemer process reduced the cost of steel from £50–60/t to £6–7/t and was accompanied by vast increases in scale and speed of steel production. Steel girders for bridges, buildings, railroads, skyscrapers – all were unimaginable before Bessemer. The same goes for modern steel ships, steel wire, high-pressure boilers (and with them, the steam engine), not to mention turbines for power generation.
Bessemer was a prolific inventor. Despite no university education, he patented innovations in fields as diverse as pigment production and ship building.
During his experiments with steelmaking, he discovered that contact with hot air would turn pig iron into steel, prompting Bessemer to take the – at the time highly counter-intuitive – step of forcing air directly through the molten iron. He was lucky that the resulting reaction, which was extremely violent, did not permanently damage to his workshop. But at least after just 20 minutes of mild explosions, violent eruptions and showes of red-hot slag, Bessemer was left with a converter full of steel.
Once he had convinced himself that there was no way of toning down the violence of the reaction, Bessemer channelled his efforts into developing a reactor vessel designed to contain the violent inferno with some degree of reliability and safety. The result: the Bessemer Converter.
This in turn prompted the rise of steel as a ubiquitous construction material, driving the second industrial revolution, and made Henry Bessemer a very, very wealthy man indeed.
Full article published in
tce 833, November 2010
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At Hustyns, we believe that a great Cornish holiday should involve some great Cornish food.
Check the information about dining at Hustyns, 'The Restaurant' and 'The Brasserie' opening times and sample menus.
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Toronto cops wrestle man to ground
Police in Toronto have an altercation with a man on the street. The arrest was filmed by a bystander and aired on the news twice.
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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Patented Feb.22, 1910.
INVENTOR, Umrasifoch, I
ANDPEW Lcmmm 00., Puow-umcavr ma wlsnmumu. n c
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed. March 23, 1909.
Patented Feb. 22, 1910.
Serial No. 485,277.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES KOCH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Shoe-Ventilators, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to shoes and more particularly to ventilating means for same which may be attached as a tongue or foot pad or any other desired adjunct for a shoe and consists of tubes of rubber or similar material held between layers of leather or fabric to admit air within the shoe, as will be more fully explained in the following specification, set forth in the claim and illustrated in the drawings, where:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a shoe with the improved ventilator applied thereto as a tongue. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the tongue. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view.
The invention is preferably applied to tongues of shoes as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing and may be so used to not only ventilate the shoe but to also relieve the shoe of tightness or strain over the instep after it is buttoned or laced. When used as a tongue it is made up of two wedge shaped pieces of leather 5 and G inclosing the rubber tubes 7, arranged at a tapering or inclined relation in respect to one another, said tubes being open at both ends whereby the air may freely pass through them, and the tongue is attached by means of its smaller end S to the inside of the shoe at the point where it is usual to secure the tongue. After inclosing the tubes the two pieces of leather are stitched together along the sides of the tubes so as to firmly grasp them and prevent their being removed, thereby securing the several parts together in a rigid position in respect to one another. The movement of the instep forces the air in and outof the tubes which may be made of suiiicient rigidity to resist being closed by the lacing but flexible enough to bend with the instep.
lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
A. shoe ventilator in the form of a tongue, comprising two wedge'shaped pieces or flexible strips, flexible tubes located between said strips and arranged at a tapering or inclined position along the entire length of the tongue thus formed, the ends of said tubes terminating at the opposite ends of the tongue and on a line with one another and with the ends of the tongue, and means for securing the several parts together and in a rigid position in respect to one another.
Tn testimony whereof I atlix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
CHARLES KOCI lVitnes-ses:
James F. DUuAMnL, Man lV. CLINTON.
Referenced by
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Walking with Arthur: Finding God on My Way to New York
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|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 151
Vendor: Moody Publishers
Publication Date: 2005
|Dimensions: 7.25 X 5.5 (inches)
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Professor, former business man, writer James ODonnells motivational autobiography presents an intriguing, teaching portrait of a humble Christian mentor (Arthur) seeking to live out a purposeful life, a man who said Jesus without even cursing. Breezy, straight-from-the-shoulder, ODonnell relates his journey from a self-centered winner to a man who met God, found out He was love, and set out on a journey to become a more loving, forgiving human being. ODonnell doesnt wow with theology, or overwhelm with Christian language, but he does include Bible passages and Christian experience. The epilogue, A Word From Arthur, provides just the right finish. A small book, easily read, Walking With Arthur entertains, encourages and challenges. Donna Eggett, Christian Book Previews.com
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Arnold MainMindemoya, OntarioAge: 55-65Gender: male4 Stars Out Of 5A wonderful story of change and growthMay 16, 2012Arnold MainMindemoya, OntarioAge: 55-65Gender: maleQuality: 4Value: 4Meets Expectations: 4This book could be very encouraging for someone looking for hope and a reason to live. It reminds us that fame and fortune cannot satisfy a hungry soul.
alexMargate, FLAge: 45-54Gender: female5 Stars Out Of 5A great book!May 15, 2012alexMargate, FLAge: 45-54Gender: femaleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5I thoroughly enjoyed this book, having read it in bite-sized chunks every day so I could give it enough thought. It's extremely well-written and thought-provoking; you will grow from having read it. I was concerned that it might be too sappy, but not the case at all. Wonderful lessons, very readable and humorous, moving and deep.
christine4 Stars Out Of 5August 11, 2011christineQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 4I purchased this short memoir to give as a gift to a family member who has much in common with the author in the hopes that he would be drawn to Christ through reading it. The author shares how his friendship with Arthur leads to his own relationship with Christ.
Wanda Frankum5 Stars Out Of 5May 14, 2010Wanda FrankumA very inspiring book. It lets you look into the life of a man that needed God so desparately in his life. It encouraged me to be more aware of the people around me, that no matter how put together they seem to be on the outside perhaps on the inside they are crying out for God. A very good book. I read it in one afternoon.
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Ask Christianbook
Author/Artist Review
Submitted: May 23, 2005
Tell us a little about yourself. "I began my career helping rich people invest for the future. Today, I invest in my students futures," even if I happen to have a resume that reads like an excerpt from Who's Who on Wall Street. I teach a small Christian college today, Huntington University, and try to share with my students the savvy I earned as a senior executive at some of the nation's largest financial services companies. From 1981 to 1985, I served as vice president and national sales manager for the Dreyfus Corporation, in New York. One year at Dreyfus, I personally sold $1.5 billion in new investments. From 1985 to 1989, I led the sales and marketing division of the Portfolio Group, Inc., (now part of J. P. Morgan Chase) increasing assets under the firm's management from $800 million to $2.5 billion. I was then recruited to Fidelity Investments, in Boston, first as senior vice president, then as executive vice-president and founding director of the firms marketing arm serving wealthy individuals. Though in a worldly sense, highly successful, I always cut against the grain in the dog-eat-dog world of money. I tried to be a man of deep conviction and thoughtfulness. I strove to inject principles of his Christian faith into an industry often characterized by cut-throat competition. I try to be a thought- provoking writer, and have had my opinions on ethics and finance appear in Barron's, The Wall Street Journal, Fortune, The New York Times, Woman's Day, Christianity Today, America, and other publications. However, soon after I left the business world in 1994, my wife, Lizzie, was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer. Letters for Lizzie, my first book, is my tribute to Lizzie, as well as a raw look at a family struggling to make their way across the terrifying landscape of advanced illness.
What was your motivation behind this project? Walking with Arthur is my memoir of a friendship and my own personal transformation as I came to faith in the mid-80s through a friendship with a man named Arthur. Today, I still serve as Executive-in-Residence at Huntington University, and still seek to integrate Christian faith, ethics, and redemptive values into the teaching of business and economics. I'm fortunate to have become a popular speaker off-campus, a winner of Professor of the Year honors, and a teacher whose students have nominated him for Whos Who Among Americas Teachers. I try to bring high standards to the classroom as well as raise challenging ethical questions that bear on real workplace issues.
What do you hope folks will gain from this project? I would like my readers to think about the immense importance friendship plays in our lives, for good and for bad. Women seem, almost instinctively, to value their women friends, sharing the joys and struggles life offers, gaining wisdom and strength from a sort of shared vulnerability. Men, on the other hand, often just "hang out" watching a ball game or taking about work. They do projects together but talk about important stuff much less often, or so I sense. I hope that Walking with Arthur challenges all of our ideas about the value and and meaning of friendship.
Who are your influences, sources of inspiration or favorite authors / artists? I've been influenced in my own life and my journey of faith by Jesus and by Scripture. But I've also been affected immensely by my friendship with Arthur, the namesake of my book that tells how a friendhip began a transformation of my life. Writers who have influenced me include C. S. Lewis and Frederick Buechner.
Anything else you'd like readers / listeners to know: Here are some recent reviews of Walking with Arthur: From The New York Times, April 10, 2005: Walking with Arthur the story of a life changed by the vulnerability of a male friend. From Publishers Weekly, December 13, 2004: Gentle wisdom and hope to exhausted strivers. From Christianity Today, May 13, 2005: Touching storythese principles apply in the colorful rooms of the daycare center and in the cubicle next to yours. From the Ft. Wayne (IN) Journal Gazette, February 26, 2005: A spiritual awakening through a series of conversations with a wise older man.
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Graduate program director
Frank Franzak, Ph.D.
Associate professor, School of Business
(804) 828-7090
Program website: davincicenter.vcu.edu/programs/master-of-prod-innovation/
Refer to the program search function of the online VCU Bulletins for a complete listing of all programs, concentrations and related curricular options.
Apply online at graduate.admissions.vcu.edu.
|Product Innovation, Master of (M.P.I.)
|Semester(s) of entry:
|Deadline dates:
May 31
|Test requirements:
GRE, GMAT or portfolio depending on area of specialization
International students TOEFL required
|Special requirements:
At the time of application, an applicant declares an area of specialization: arts, business or engineering. The arts specialization requires the submission of a portfolio comprising 20 to 30 examples of representative work; the business specialization requires either the GMAT or GRE; and the engineering specialization requires the GRE.A personal interview may be requested.
In addition to the general admission requirements of the VCU Graduate School, the following requirements represent the minimum acceptable standards for admission:
The VCU Graduate Bulletin website documents the official admission and academic rules and regulations that govern graduate education for all graduate programs at the university. These policies are established by the graduate faculty of the university through their elected representatives to the University Graduate Council.
It is the responsibility of all graduate students, both on- and off-campus, to be familiar with the VCU Graduate Bulletin as well as the Graduate School website and academic regulations in individual school and department publications and on program websites. However, in all cases, the official policies and procedures of the University Graduate Council, as published on the VCU Graduate Bulletin and Graduate School websites, take precedence over individual program policies and guidelines.
General academic regulations for
all graduate students in all graduate programs at VCU
The Master of Product Innovation is administered by VCU's da Vinci Center, which is a collaboration of VCU's School of the Arts, College of Humanities and Sciences, School of Business and School of Engineering. Integrating arts, business and engineering principles, students will learn advanced product innovation topics pertaining to conceptualization, development and commercialization of new products. Through unique instruction and experiential learning that culminates with a year-long master's project, students will have a real product innovation experience that could result in true business creation and economic development opportunities. M.P.I. graduates will reflect product innovation and team-working skills that will enable them to serve in key leadership roles to stimulate the creation, development and management of new products and services.
The M.P.I. program hones competency in the area of product innovation. Students will:
The program can be taken either on a full-time or part-time basis.
|Credit hours
|Core requirements
|12 or 15
|Students must take at least two of the following courses, depending on which ones do not correspond to the undergraduate degree. If the student does not have an undergraduate degree in an arts, business or engineering discipline, all three courses must be taken. Note: Students are strongly encouraged to take all three courses regardless of undergraduate degree.
|INNO 501 Arts Principles for Product Innovation
|INNO 502 Business Principles for Product Innovation
|INNO 503 Technology Principles for Product Innovation
|All students will enroll in:
|INNO 590 da Vinci Project
|INNO 600 Integrative Design Studio
|Technical electives
|Students will take technical elective course work which includes the following. All technical electives must be at the graduate level, with at least three credit hours at the 600 level.
|INNO 691 Topics in Product Innovation
|INNO 697 Guided Study
|Other approved graduate-level course (Specific courses will be determined by the student with approval by the M.P.I. faculty committee.)
|Master's project
|INNO 651 Master's Project in Product Innovation I
|INNO 652 Master's Project in Product Innovation II
|Total number of graduate credit hours required (minimum)
Sample full-time enrollment plan of study
|Credit hours
|First year, fall semester
|INNO 501 Arts Principles for Product Innovation
|INNO 502 Business Principles for Product Innovation
|INNO 503 Technology Principles for Product Innovation
|INNO 600 Integrative Design Studio
|First year, spring semester
|INNO 590 da Vinci Project
|Technical electives
|Second year, fall semester
|INNO 651 Master's Project in Product Innovation I
|Optional elective
|Second year, spring semester
|INNO 652 Master's Project in Product Innovation II
|Optional elective
|Total number of graduate credit hours required (minimum)
A graduate student admitted to a program or concentration requiring a final research project, work of art, thesis or dissertation, must qualify for continuing master's or doctoral status according to the degree candidacy requirements of the student's graduate program. Admission to degree candidacy, if applicable, is a formal statement by the graduate student's faculty regarding the student's academic achievements and the student's readiness to proceed to the final research phase of the degree program.
Graduate students and program directors should refer to the following degree candidacy policy as published in the VCU Graduate Bulletin for complete information and instructions.
Degree candidacy requirements
As graduate students approach the end of their academic programs and the final semester of matriculation, they must make formal application to graduate. No degrees will be conferred until the application to graduate has been finalized.
Graduate students and program directors should refer to the following graduation requirements as published in the Graduate Bulletin for a complete list of instructions and a graduation checklist.
Graduation requirements
All students will be given information on policies and regulations during the first day of the M.P.I. boot camp experience.
Comments/feedback about this site | Bulletin (catalog) archives/printer-friendly bulletins | About these bulletins
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Contact us: firstname.lastname@example.com
Last update: 11/21/2014
The VCU Bulletin is in transition! As we move from this first iteration of our online Bulletin to a new product and process, what you find on this website is information for the 2014-15 academic year.
While much of the curricular information remains the same, changes that were approved with the effective date of fall 2015 will not be reflected on this website. Prospective students may wish to contact the school or department that administers their program of interest in order to discuss the most current curriculum and concentration options.
Enrolled students who are completing their studies under an effective Bulletin may continue to access the archives at http://www.pubapps.vcu.edu/Bulletins/archives.aspx, where past Bulletins are available to reference or download.
Our anticipated launch of the new VCU Bulletin is July 2015. To follow our progress, visit the new Bulletin blog.


text:
Browse by UCL Departments and Centres
|Up a level
Group by: Author | Type
Number of items: 19.
|Brown, DG; Sanderson, MR; Skelly, JV; Jenkins, TC; Brown, T; Garman, E; ... Neidle, S; + view all Brown, DG; Sanderson, MR; Skelly, JV; Jenkins, TC; Brown, T; Garman, E; Stuart, DI; Neidle, S; - view fewer (1990) Crystal structure of a berenil-dodecanucleotide complex: the role of water in sequence-specific ligand binding. EMBO J , 9 (4) 1329 - 1334.
|Clark, GR; Brown, DG; Sanderson, MR; Chwalinski, T; Neidle, S; Veal, JM; ... Garman, E; + view all Clark, GR; Brown, DG; Sanderson, MR; Chwalinski, T; Neidle, S; Veal, JM; Jones, RL; Wilson, WD; Zon, G; Garman, E; - view fewer (1990) Crystal and solution structures of the oligonucleotide d(ATGCGCAT)2: a combined X-ray and NMR study. Nucleic Acids Res , 18 (18) 5521 - 5528.
|Duggan, MJ; Stephenson, FA; (1990) Biochemical evidence for the existence of gamma-aminobutyrateA receptor iso-oligomers. J Biol Chem , 265 (7) 3831 - 3835.
|HEINRICH, M; VELAZCO, O; RAMOS, F; ETHNOPHARM, SF; (1990) ETHNOBOTANICAL REPORT ON THE TREATMENT OF SNAKE-BITES IN OAXACA, MEXICO. In: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIE: SOURCES, METHODES, OBJECTIVES. (pp. 191 - 193).
|Jones, GB; Davey, CL; Jenkins, TC; Kamal, A; Kneale, GG; Neidle, S; ... Thurston, DE; + view all Jones, GB; Davey, CL; Jenkins, TC; Kamal, A; Kneale, GG; Neidle, S; Webster, GD; Thurston, DE; - view fewer (1990) The non-covalent interaction of pyrrolo[2, 1-c] [1, 4]benzodiazepine-5, 11-diones with DNA. Anticancer Drug Des , 5 (3) 249 - 264.
|Laughton, CA; Jenkins, TC; Fox, KR; Neidle, S; (1990) Interaction of berenil with the tyrT DNA sequence studied by footprinting and molecular modelling. Implications for the design of sequence-specific DNA recognition agents. Nucleic Acids Res , 18 (15) 4479 - 4488.
|Laughton, CA; McKenna, R; Neidle, S; Jarman, M; McCague, R; Rowlands, MG; (1990) Crystallographic and molecular modeling studies on 3-ethyl-3-(4-pyridyl)piperidine-2,6-dione and its butyl analogue, inhibitors of mammalian aromatase. Comparison with natural substrates: prediction of enantioselectivity for N-alkyl derivatives. J Med Chem , 33 (9) 2673 - 2679.
|Laughton, CA; Neidle, S; (1990) Inhibitors of the P450 enzymes aromatase and lyase. Crystallographic and molecular modeling studies suggest structural features of pyridylacetic acid derivatives responsible for differences in enzyme inhibitory activity. J Med Chem , 33 (11) 3055 - 3060.
|Laughton, CA; Neidle, S; Zvelebil, MJ; Sternberg, MJ; (1990) A molecular model for the enzyme cytochrome P450(17 alpha), a major target for the chemotherapy of prostatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 171 (3) 1160 - 1167.
|Moss, SJ; Smart, TG; Porter, NM; Nayeem, N; Devine, J; Stephenson, FA; ... Barnard, EA; + view all Moss, SJ; Smart, TG; Porter, NM; Nayeem, N; Devine, J; Stephenson, FA; Macdonald, RL; Barnard, EA; - view fewer (1990) Cloned GABA receptors are maintained in a stable cell line: allosteric and channel properties. Eur J Pharmacol , 189 (1) 77 - 88.
|NEIDLE, S; KAYE, A; REESE, C; (1990) X-RAY STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON 3 ANALOGS OF THE ALPHA-ANOMER OF THE ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC SHOWDOMYCIN - DIFFERENTIAL RING-PUCKERING EFFECTS OF HYDROXYL SUGAR SUBSTITUENTS IN LYXO AND ARABINO CONFIGURATIONS. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE , 46 (Part 3) 426 - 431. 10.1107/S0108768190000866.
|Orozco, M; Laughton, CA; Herzyk, P; Neidle, S; (1990) Molecular-mechanics modelling of drug-DNA structures; the effects of differing dielectric treatment on helix parameters and comparison with a fully solvated structural model. J Biomol Struct Dyn , 8 (2) 359 - 373. 10.1080/07391102.1990.10507810.
|Sansom, CE; Laughton, CA; Neidle, S; Schwalbe, CH; Stevens, MF; (1990) Structural studies on bio-active compounds. Part XIV. Molecular modelling of the interactions between pentamidine and DNA. Anticancer Drug Des , 5 (3) 243 - 248.
|Scholz, E; Heinrich, M; Hunkler, D; (1990) New caffeic acid esters from Pluchea symphytifolia and their antimicrobial activity. Planta Medica , 56 (6) 648 - 648.
|Skelly, JV; Suter, DA; Kuroda, R; Neidle, S; Hancock, JF; Drake, A; (1990) Conformational effects of nucleotide exchange in ras p21 proteins as studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. FEBS Lett , 262 (1) 127 - 130.
|Stephenson, FA; Duggan, MJ; Pollard, S; (1990) The gamma 2 subunit is an integral component of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor but the alpha 1 polypeptide is the principal site of the agonist benzodiazepine photoaffinity labeling reaction. J Biol Chem , 265 (34) 21160 - 21165.
|Stephenson, FA; Duggan, MJ; Pollard, S; (1990) The γ subunit is an integral component of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor but the α polypeptide is the principal site of the agonist benzodiazepine photoaffinity labeling reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry , 265 (34) 21160 - 21165.
|Webster, GD; Sanderson, MR; Skelly, JV; Neidle, S; Swann, PF; Li, BF; Tickle, IJ; (1990) Crystal structure and sequence-dependent conformation of the A.G mispaired oligonucleotide d(CGCAAGCTGGCG). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 87 (17) 6693 - 6697.


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Welcome to the Financial Management Association!
We have been awarded the Superior Chapter award every since 2005, and this year was no exception!… https://t.co/drYCyjk4oq
Fall 2015 Updates:
Hello Spartans,
FMA is excited for the upcoming 2015 Fall Semester! Have a great summer FMA Members!
Hope to see everyone at the Professional Development Meetings
The Financial Management Association of San Jose State University is proud to educate our students and community members in understanding the principles of finance and business oriented subjects. The organization is nationally recognized for promoting high quality applied, and basic research of financial practices. Come join us to find out more!
Welcome New FMA Members!
The Financial Management Association welcomes you to the Spring 2015 semester at San Jose State University! Our organization will help you with networking and educational opportunities that will carry you a long way after your college experience. To become a member and join us at our professional development meetings, networking events, info-sessions, company tours, and more please check out the Get Involved - Become a Member Tab. Please join by the deadline on February 18!
Attention Current FMA Members:
FMA Spartans! Get ready for an exciting upcoming semester with us. You will be actively learning about different corporations and the skills required for corporate recruiters to hire students like you. We have weekly professional speakers, business skills workshops, and an array of networking events coming your way. Please check out our FMA Calendar for upcoming events! For a preview of the memories created from being involved with FMA, be sure to visit our Media Page.
Who are we?
The Financial Management Association honors the faculty, students, and community members of San Jose State University. The club shows its honor by providing services and opportunities to its members and non-members through educational events, internship opportunities, scholarships, and etc. To understand more of what the club has done historically and what its goals this upcoming semester are, please view the Overview Tab.


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Live Through This
On Creativity and Self-Destruction
By Sabrina Chap (Editor)
(Seven Stories Press, Paperback, 9781609804367, 284pp.)
Publication Date: September 11, 2012
List Price: $19.95*
* Individual store prices may vary.
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"The 21 artists, who share their stories of madness, trauma, addiction, abuse and self-destruction, and their relationship to art, leave no vulnerable detail unwritten."—Shameless
A visceral look at the bizarre entanglement of destructive and creative forces, Live Through This is a collection of original stories, essays, artwork, and photography. It explores the use of art to survive abuse, incest, madness and depression, and the often deep-seated impulse toward self-destruction including cutting, eating disorders, and addiction. Here, some of our most compelling cartoonists, novelists, poets, dancers, playwrights, and burlesque performers traverse the pains and passions that can both motivate and destroy women artists, and mark a path for survival. Taken together, these artful reflections offer an honest and hopeful journey through a woman's silent rage, through the power inherent in struggles with destruction, and the ensuing possibilities of transforming that burning force into the external release of art.
With contributions by Nan Goldin, bell hooks, Patricia Smith, Cristy C. Road, Carol Queen, Annie Sprinkle, Elizabeth Stephens, Carolyn Gage, Eileen Myles, Fly, Diane DiMassa, Bonfire Madigan Shive, Inga Muscio, Kate Bornstein, Toni Blackman, Nicole Blackman, Silas Howard, Daphne Gottleib, and Stephanie Howell.


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VIEWS: 6 PAGES: 3 POSTED ON: 8/19/2011 Public Domain
Cars & Transportation Ask CRASHED MY DADS BUGATTI VEYRON! 10 POINTS? Today i was out driving in my dads bugatti veyron as he is on holiday. He left me and told me not to use his car. I did an crashed into a tree. Its a total wreck. Luckily i got out with only a few cuts. Problem is what do i tell my dad, he gets back in 2 days? People i need your help i am not "trolling" Asked by Charlie Vendetta at Aug 14,2011 02:02 Best answer Spoiled faggot Answer from Abdul Lakosha at Aug 14,2011 02:03 You tell your dad that his son/daughter is a massive troll and has no life! Grow up. Answer from J.C.B at Aug 14,2011 02:03 Tell him you're dumb and that you like to pretend to have a Bugatti Veyron Answer from Dr. Brown at Aug 14,2011 02:03 Riiiiiiiiiight. Good luck with that, troll. *rolls eyes* Answer from Master Bater at Aug 14,2011 02:03 lol either just fess up NOW so he can calm down a little before he gets back and have his major blow up away from you OR Report it stolen and hope you never get caught Answer from Chris at Aug 14,2011 02:03 Troll. Ok, on the off chance you're are serious.I'll help you if you help me with my mom's F22 Raptor. I just crashed it and she has to go on dooty in three hours! Answer from evaohell at Aug 14,2011 02:03 Boo hoo rich boy Answer from Dbl Cheez Plz at Aug 14,2011 02:03 If you're telling the truth, You're fuuuucked. Answer from NachoFlake at Aug 14,2011 02:03 you committed murder of the highest degree. i would leave the country if i were you Answer from Chris at Aug 14,2011 02:03 you tell him now so he might have calmed down a bit before he gets back. that is assuming you aren't trolling. Answer from Geena at Aug 14,2011 02:04 Say your car broke down and some idiot cut you off Answer from Joel Keeley at Aug 14,2011 02:04 there is no way possible to tell your dad you crashed his $1 000 000+ hyper-car without getting beheaded. sorry mate by the way is this real or r u joking? Answer from Brother Ali at Aug 14,2011 02:04 I hope you have insurance. there's really no easy way to break the new. Ask him "Hey Dad! If you had to chose between me and the car, which one would you save?" Hopefully he says you. Answer from TheEmilyAnomaly at Aug 14,2011 02:05 I'm sure he'll forgive you eventually. Have insurance? Go to them. Your dad will find out anyway, so tell him. He'll be mad for a bit but then he'll definitely forgive you. You're his son after all. (at least I think you're a guy.,?) Answer from Raine Kurosu at Aug 14,2011 02:06 first of all, I'm sure your father has enough money to fix his bugatti if he had enough money to even buy one, second of all why would the son of 1 out of 600 wealthy men that have a bugatti post this on yahoo. Answer from LoBoiMusic at Aug 14,2011 02:07 EPIC FAIL! your own fault. no sympathy for you. Answer from gooseboy78 at Aug 14,2011 03:03 well the damage is done. don't tell him yet until he is back from vacation. at lease let him have a good vacation. Answer from Texas Wildman at Aug 14,2011 04:07 It gives me cancer everytime I see people throwing around the word troll. Answer from 165 at Aug 14,2011 04:27 Account less than 24 hours old? Check Random user name? Check Outlandish claims in the the question? Check Your trolling skills are weak At least make it believable. Answer from fodaddy19 at Aug 14,2011 06:20 Too bad you only had scratches. Actually, maybe it IS worse, here's the real story. You crashed your dad's 1983 Buick Skylark, partially because you don't know how to drive, and partially because that pesky headlight went out again. The spare tire doesn't give much traction, so when you swerved to avoid that deer, you went into a tree and suffered a concussion, leading you to think that you wrecked a $2 million car and that the Y!A community could help you. Answer from It'sSupercharged!2000 at Aug 14,2011 09:11 Err.I'm gonna say you are a "Spoiled Brat" well you can tell him Just tell him that "I Crash the car" and tell him i do anything to fix it Or Get a job or a LIFE Mr/Mrs Troll i can't believe you were So STUPID TO DRIVE HIS CAR! Answer from Frank at Aug 14,2011 10:21 Everybody makes makes mistakes and if your father is a fair man and understanding and you explain what happened to him honestly/upfront and like a man more then likely he will be less hard on you.Again it's all about being that son he can truly be proud of and being a man about it helps a lot in most cases.This also means you have to offer him something due to you wrecking his car bec even if the insurance covers you and the car the chances are there is a deductible and the insurance rates will go up unless he doesn't make any insurance claim and he absorbs the total loss out of pocket. Hope that helps and best of the luck.By the way remember to keep your word and try to do better by your father bec really it's all about our word and honor.Try not to panic and try to figure out what you can do to make up for it. Answer from helpful bob at Aug 14,2011 11:15 Get someone to beat you up and tell him you were attcked and the cars keys were taken ! Answer from Neil L at Aug 14,2011 16:09 Dad's gonna pay for your crashed car.Just sing it . and then when he asks why , are you singing it . you dont want to hear dad.what ?.look of the window. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTnLsmNiugY Answer from dieselman at Aug 14,2011 19:42 I will tell him the truth, and apologize to him. Answer from Longjay Mohammed at Aug 14,2011 21:01 Yeah, happened to me too. I crashed my dad's G6 airplane. Answer from Dimitris Madas at Aug 14,2011 22:03 Yeah. wipe off any finger prints or any other identifications that you were in the seat. Get some random person off the street and be like, "Want to touch a crashed bugatti?" They'll be like "yeah man!" They touch the steering wheel, and your golden. Just report the car as stolen afterwards. Answer from Devin Fore at Aug 14,2011 23:25 *rolls eyes* Oh if that happened I'll give you my Lamborghini. Answer from U Of Eden at Aug 15,2011 00:58 Related questions » alero oldsmobile 2003 why a new axle installed make noise? (1 answers) » Better vehicle for college student? (5 answers) » Mitsubishi lancer wont start possible solutions? (2 answers) » can a dead battery mess up with my power steering on my 2007 mercury grand marquis? (4 answers) » 2011 L200 speaker size? ? (1 answers) » what is the white smoke when a tire blows out? (3 answers) » What could be the reason my truck won't start? (2 answers) » Where is the squirrel cage or the blower motor in a 2008 Mitsubishi Eclipse? (1 answers) » What college training would you need to be hired on as a railroad conductor? (4 answers) » 2004 Hyundai comparison - Accent vs Elantra? (2 answers) File saved from http://carsqs.appspot.com/crashed-my-dads-bugatti-veyron-10-points
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Radio-friendly rock was the order of the day at Denver's Mile High Music Festival August 15-16. The lineup featured a good mix of artists, including Weezer, Dave Matthews, Jack Johnson, My Morning Jacket, and many more.
Click through the gallery to check out the best photos of the festival.
Vince Staples is hardly the ingratiating type. "Don't shake my hands unless you passing payment," instructs the redoubtable young'un on "C.M.B.," a paean to ruthlessly mercenary, Randian capitalism. "Keep your salutation / I need my 40 acres." This ice-grilling Left Coaster is more Mack 10 than Myka 9, a verbal marksman who refuses to placate… More »