text:
Graphics Designer (Print / Web / UI / PDF / Image & Video Editing)
Pakistan - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 56
I am a professional Graphic Designer & working in this field of (Print & Web) GRAPHIC DESIGNING since last 7 years... I provides a wast range of services *** Always with Best Quality & Fast-Turnaround *** You can contact me any time for the works related to; 1. Any types of Print Graphics Designing 2. Any types of Web Graphics Designing 3. For creation of Illustrations 4. Image Editing - Manipulation - Correction 5. Video Editing 6. All types of Documents Creation & Editing (PDF - DOC - PPT) 7. User Interface Designing & Editing 8. Research & Data Entry Work 9. Screen Savers etc... I have a professional diploma of "2D/3D Graphics and Multimedia Applications". Also I'm Graduate in field of Computer Science & have (4-years) Degree of B.S(C.S). In short --- I'm Expert in my work...
~ Expertise (8yrs) : Design-related + Data-related ~
Morocco - Last active: 4 days ago - Tests: 66 - Portfolio: 15
HPoulo.wordpress.com/about/ (My Core Designing Samples) I'm an Experienced freelancer & a fast Learner.. Proven by the score on the tests i take (and update) and 100% 5* clients' feedback. Otherwise, i DON'T BLIND BID.. I do not apply to, or, accept a job invitation if it does not fit my Qualifications! I got hired elsewhere for the past few months and now i'm free again. Hence, i resumed my work on Upwork : " Not only for designing projects ..But, i am very happy to design...i just tempt to start an internet marketing project! ". * Why am i special ? :-: I usually try to propose a very competitive/affordable pricing & i strive to negotiate long-term or even life-time offers; :-: My #1 and key objective is being extremely Detail & Deadline Oriented, to provide a trustworthy work, with accurate/professional Results (that's what " service excellence is a duty " stands for...in my rules); :-: I am on time for my worldwide clients : " I affirm that i have NO ISSUE to work according to all Time Zones & I'm tracking all the world clocks with a specific program ". * What do i use ? :-: MS® Windows (7 Professional Edition 'x64' w/ SP1) :-: Adobe™'s Master Collection (CS6 Mid-Eastern Version 'x64' w/ Support of any Language Fonts) :-: MS® Office (10 Pro Plus) + Other decent programs for peculiar tasks + A Pen & some Papers '^^ → I'm still eager and I am able to do multiple stuff! (feel free ..Browse my Skills)
- 2D Animation
- 2D Design
- Administrative Support
- Adobe Acrobat
- Adobe After Effects
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Adobe Illustrator
- Adobe PDF
- Adobe Photoshop
- Acrylic Painting
- Active Listening
- Arabic
- Autodesk Sketchbook Pro
- B2B Marketing
- Banner Ad Design
- Business Card Design
- Caricature Drawing
- clerical skills
- Cold calling
- Comptuer Maintenance
- Computer Networking
- Copy editing
- Customer service
- Customer support
- Data Analytics
- Data Entry
- Data mining
- Data Recovery
- Data scraping
- Data Sheet Writing
- Document Conversion
- Dropbox API
- Editing
- english tutoring
- Flyer Design
- Font Development
- Forum Moderation
- Forum Posting
- French
- Google search
- Graphic design
- Helpdesk
- Illustration
- Image Editing
- Internet research
- Linux System Administration
- Lead generation
- LogMeIn Hamachi
- Logo Design
- Machine learning
- Microsoft Access Administration
- Microsoft Dynamics CRM
- Microsoft Excel
- Microsoft PowerPoint
- Microsoft Word
- Motion graphics
- MS-DOS Administration
- Network Administration
- Network Planning
- Network Security
- Online Community Management
- Online Help
- Oracle Siebel
- ParticleIllusion
- PDF Conversion
- Phone Support
- Photo Editing
- Photo Manipulation
- Presentation Design
- Presentations
- Prezi
- Receptionist Skills
- Skype
- Social Media Marketing
- Spanish
- Speech Writing
- supervisory skills
- Teaching English
- Telemarketing
- Telephone Handling
- Translation Arabic English
- Translation English Arabic
- Translation English French
- Translation English Spanish
- Translation French English
- Translation French Spanish
- Translation Spanish English
- Translation Spanish French
- Video editing
- Video Conversion
- Video Post Editing
- Video production
- Virtual Assistant
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- Windows Administration
- Wireless Network Implementation
- Word processing
3d Artist
United States - Last active: 10/19/2013
I am a digital artist, classically trained as a visual designer, with a BFA in Illustration. I specialize in creating environments and visual effects for video games, as well as creating illustrated backgrounds for animation. Familiar with the many challenges that come with interactive entertainment development, I am easy to work with and have proven myself over the years to be an invaluable asset to many creative teams.
Degreed in Visual Communications of Applied Science
United States - Last active: 1 month ago - Tests: 7 - Portfolio: 6
Dreamer of inventive graphics whether static or animated, the design aspects are thoroughly created to form a magnificent presentation to the viewing audience. If you have a plan I will produce desired results, but even if you cannot dream it, I will take the initiative and bring your desire of a web design, game design, 3D model, 2D graphics, and animations to flourish. My long term goal is to develop a video game for children with disabilities. I also wish to create learning games which connect children to their parents more so than what we see now. I would like to create many sorts of games so that I can gain a comprehensive knowledge in the field and not just from the classroom. I hope to find many opportunities in working in my field of study, making many connections with important people, and make my name famous by my great works in art, graphics, web, and game design.
- Autodesk 3D Studio Max
- Blender3D
- 3D Animation
- 3D Modeling
- 3D Rigging
- ParticleIllusion
- Game Testing
- Adobe Creative Suite
- Architecture
- Character Design
- Packaging Design
- Poster Design
- Brochure Design
- Adobe Illustrator
- Adobe Photoshop
- Photo Manipulation
- Photo Editing
- Logo Design
- Concept Artistry
- Storyboarding
- Sketching
- Adobe After Effects
- Video production
- 2D Animation
- Adobe InDesign
- Web design
- Adobe Flash
- Microsoft Word
- Creative writing
- Poetry
- Typography
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- ActionScript 3
- Print Layout Design
Flash Expert (Top10%), 2D Animator, Graphic Designer, Programmer
Philippines - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 8
I am a Flash Expert and a professional 2D-Animator with various experiences in the fields of traditional and digital animation. I can provide exceptional animated videos and explainers for start up companies. I also animate graphics for various game apps. My goal is to deliver successful and polished video outputs/animations to clients.
Media Freelancer
Argentina - Last active: 29 days ago - Tests: 7 - Portfolio: 25
Over the last 12 years, i have been working in production, edition, localization and subtitling media content. For little, medium and big enterprises of international levels. I have used tools like Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Indesign, Adobe Media Encoder, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe After Effects, Adobe Premiere, Adobe Encore, Final Cut Pro, Dvd Studio Pro, Soundtrack Pro, Captivate, Microsoft Office Suite, in Microsoft Windows and Mac Os X versions. Im a pc technician, and i have a lot of experience working with systems with Microsoft Windows, Mac Os X, and some versions of Linux (Ubuntu, Mandrake, Knoppix, etc), configuring FTP, Mail, and Web servers.
- Mac OS App Development
- Final Cut Pro
- Adobe After Effects
- Adobe Illustrator
- Adobe Acrobat
- Adobe Audition
- Adobe Captivate
- Adobe Creative Suite
- Adobe Photoshop Lightroom
- Adobe Soundbooth
- Windows NT Administration
- Windows XP Administration
- dvd mastering
- Photo Editing
- Photo Manipulation
- Photography
- Ulead VideoStudio
- Video Conversion
- Video editing
- Video production
- Video Ripping
- Video Streaming
- Subtitling
- Desktop Publishing
- Virtualization
- Parallels Virtual Desktop
- VMware Administration
- Apple iMovie
- Microsoft PowerPoint
- Microsoft Outlook Development
- Microsoft Access Administration
- Microsoft Excel
- Localization
- Chroma key
- ParticleIllusion
- CorelDRAW
- Corel Painter
- Corel Paint Shop Pro
Web & Graphic Artist
Philippines - Last active: 1 month ago - Tests: 9 - Portfolio: 52
Provide 100% Client Satisfaction; Build good relationship and communications; Learn from suggestions and comments; hard work, dedication and high quality services and learning from other people. Master of Background Removal Using GreenScreen | Lightroom 4.3 | Master of RAP Minisite Designer | Master on Aweber Broadcast & Follow Up | Graphic Design | Web Design | Minisite | Wordpress Using Thesis Theme 1.8.2 to Present Versiong | Logo Design | Advertising Design | Brochure Design | Print Design | E-book/DVD Cover Design, Header/Banner Design | Typesetting/Formatting | T-Shirt Design | Business Card Design, etc.
- Adobe Creative Suite
- Adobe Photoshop
- Adobe Flash
- ParticleIllusion
- psd to html
- WordPress
- Microsoft PowerPoint
- Adobe Acrobat
- Adobe Illustrator
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Adobe InDesign
- Book Cover Design
- Adobe After Effects
Associated with: World Class Contractor Agency, LeovicDesigns, iWorx Agency
ashish singh sikarwar
India - Last active: 3 days ago - Tests: 6 - Portfolio: 4
I am ashish singh I am living in India and I have worked as a FX artist in many movies in India.i have 5 years post production knowldge in vfx I am the 1st Director of DreamCreator vfx & animation studio and also responsible for delivering international quality on time i am Specialist in 2d, 3d animation, Video Animation and Graphics Design . i Provide Quality work to our clients with Quick Response. i believes that my previous clients are Fully Satisfied with and their Feedback Proved my Work Standards. I have experience executing original high quality graphics with strict deadlines and will give your work the professional polish it needs!
- 3D Animation
- 3D Design
- 3D Modeling
- 3D Rigging
- Autodesk 3D Studio Max
- 2D Animation
- Autodesk Maya
- Adobe Photoshop
- Adobe After Effects
- Eyeon Fusion
- ParticleIllusion
- Architecture
- Motion graphics
- Compositing
- Adobe Illustrator
- Next Limit RealFlow
- Photo Manipulation
- Video production
- Advertising
Associated with: dreamscreatorvfx and animation studio
Graphic & Web Designer , 2D 3D Animator & Editor.
Pakistan - Last active: 02/10/2014 - Tests: 3 - Portfolio: 18
I am a professional Animator & Editor. and have a professional experience in video and web field. i have done a lot of work for broadcast media and graphic design. including letter heads , hording , business cards, etc. i am also doing professional photography including portraits and product photography. and good in photo retouching. i am very hard working person. and always love to work more and more.
- Adobe Photoshop
- Adobe After Effects
- Adobe Flash
- Adobe Illustrator
- WordPress
- Audio Editing
- Autodesk 3D Studio Max
- Web design
- Sound Forge
- sound editing
- ParticleIllusion
- 2D Animation
- 3D Animation
- Banner Ad Design
- Data Entry
- Logo Design
- Brochure Design
- Graphic design
- Adobe PDF
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Photography
- Video editing
- Video production
- Presentations
Web and Graphic Designer
Pakistan - Last active: 12/13/2014 - Tests: 1 - Portfolio: 12
I am eager to advance my interactive design career. For the past nine years I have been delivering consistent high quality design solutions. With my experience and my education I have a strong understanding of design. I thrive under pressure, work well in a team environment, love the challenge of coming up with creative unique solutions, can handle multiple projects from start to finish and deliver results. If you want fresh design look no further! I will supercharge your imagination by delivering you impeccable design from the initial concept to the completed project. I strive for quality and I am a very detail oriented person.
- Graphics Programming
- User interface design
- Adobe Flash
- Adobe Photoshop
- Adobe Illustrator
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- ParticleIllusion
- Adobe Fireworks
Associated with: Creative Tech


text:
Originally written on The Cardinal Nation blog | Last updated 4/28/12
On the heels of the St. Louis Cardinals' popular 2011 World Championship ring giveaway and a shadow promotion at their organization-owned Double-A club in Springfield, both clubs are planning a second-chance date ahead. St. Louis will run their second ring promotion on Friday, July 6, as the Cardinals match up against the Miami Marlins. All fans who attend the game will receive a wearable replica of the 2011 World Championship ring. Springfield's second promotion will be sooner, this coming Thursday, May 2. It is more limited, with only the first 2,000 fans through the gates receiving the collectible ring. Last time, fans lined up at Hammons Field starting over eight hours early. In one measurement of the interest level in these rings, they are currently selling on ebay for up to $100. Follow me on Twitter. Follow The Cardinal Nation Blog on Facebook. Tweet This Post
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
When the streets are all safe and your kids play outside
And the birds are all chirping away
I'll just find a reclusive location to hide
Unobtrusively spending the day
But if darkness descends and the wolves start to howl
And the going begins to get rough
Then it's time to emerge and confront all that's foul
Yes it's time to be big and be tough
Now a salvo of bullets comes clattering in
Is that cannon fire joining the fray?
Still I'll foil their assault, through the thick and the thin
Though they're trying to blow me away
I'm afraid I've been hit, and I'm shaking so much
I'll collapse at the end of the raid
Now you soon must contend with a bloodthirsty bunch
Don't expect me to come to your aid
Welcome to BrainDen.com - Brain Teasers Forum
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Guest Message by DevFuse
Started by plasmid, Apr 28 2009 04:03 PM
6 replies to this topic
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:03 PM
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:07 PM
Spoiler for beginning sounds like
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:10 PM
Spoiler for puzzle guess
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:28 PM
Spoiler for maybe
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:30 PM
Spoiler for how about
Spoiler for second guess
Edited by zzembower, 28 April 2009 - 04:32 PM.
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 04:42 PM
And this one goes to zzembower!Spoiler for second guess
Spoiler for
- 0
Posted 28 April 2009 - 06:43 PM
Spoiler for First thought
Spoiler for Now I think
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text:
1997 Cadillac Seville SLS Q&A
1997 Cadillac Seville SLS Question: brake pedal weak
brake pedal goes all the way to the floor what the problem - ray21643
Answer 1
Check the fluid level in the reservoir if it is low there is a leak that needs to be attended to. If the level is fine but the pedal is "mushy" look at the color of the brake fluid if it is brown and dark then the master cylinder may have failed due to contaminated brake fluid. brake fluid should be flushed every two years especially in wetter climates as it takes in moisture from the air. - patrick mannion
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text:
One month after a British Airways Boeing 777 crashed just short of the runway at London Heathrow Airport, investigators are still baffled by the flight's loss of power in mid-air. So far, no human error has been found, leading some to question the safety of the plane's engines or electronics. The chances of an in-flight power failure on the 777 have been demonstrated to be less than one in 1 billion.
Full Story:USA Today


text:
Your love for pork belly is pure. You don't need a sonnet or a love song, just two words—which are conveniently printed on this tee.
Standard fit. See sizing chart for measurements.
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Enjoy 10% off your first order*


text:
Greater Than One Wins the Triple Hat at 2014 IAC Awards PR Newswire NEW YORK, April 3, 2014 NEW YORK, April 3, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- The Web Marketing Association has announced the winners of its 12^thannual Internet Advertising Competition Awards. Digital communications company Greater Than One, Inc. (GTO) took home three of the top trophies for 2014: Best Pharmaceuticals Online Video, Best Energy Website, and Best Advocacy Online Video. GTO Logo Best Pharmaceuticals Online Video went to the Breast Cancer Awareness video GTO produced for GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). The video highlighted GSK's commitment to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer during October, which is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The video focused on metastatic breast cancer patients who have gone through multiple rounds of treatment and are seeking new ways to fight their disease – a population often forgotten during this time of celebration. The video was shared internally on flat screens in GSK's offices, as well as on GSK's company intranet, where employees could watch and share. The straightforward tone and stark statistics served as a reminder to GSK employees of what they're fighting for. Best Energy Website went to GTO's redesign of Hess.com. GTO's design and tech teams elevated the Hess brand story to convey how the company has become a global force in energy by augmenting and diversifying their product offerings. Users gain with a richer, more engaging experience, utilizing fully responsive design to ensure functionality across all devices, a custom HTML5 video player, Enterprise CMS with the capability to launch micro-sites off of the main site on demand, and a host of other exciting interactive tools. Greater Good, GTO's pro bono arm, took home the Best Advocacy Online Video via their Big Red Box initiative. Greater Good is GTO's effort to make a positive impact on the local communities where employees live and work: New York, San Francisco, and Madrid. The Big Red Box is used to raise awareness for local charities, and has significantly expanded Greater Good's donation capabilities. 100% of all donations have gone directly to those in need. About Greater Than One: Greater Than One is the leading full-service digital communications agency serving digital companies in complex industries. GTO offers powerful and simple solutions that empower brands, drive sales, and change lives. About Greater Good: GTO's pro bono arm, Greater Good partners with local charities to help enrich the communities where we live and work. Media Contacts: Elizabeth Apelles CEO, Greater Than One firstname.lastname@example.com (212) 252-9332 Logo- http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140403/NY97751LOGO SOURCE Greater Than One Inc. Website: http://www.greaterthanone.com
Greater Than One Wins the Triple Hat at 2014 IAC Awards
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text:
- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
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Wide variety of heavy metal style distortion tones, Two EQ knobs allow you to shape the tone dramatically and a level knob allows you to dial in the precise amount of distortion you want on your leads. Its full metal casing makes it durable and road ready, and like most great effects pedals it has true bypass.
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text:
INTENT AND USE GUIDE Updated 10/09/03 Many work items require a map showing the location of the included work, and a road listing showing other features like road length, pay items which apply, and scheduling priority. The sections requiring the map and the road listing are shown here to avoid repetitive information: 811, 813, 814, 815, 816, 832, 833, 834, 835, 837, 838, 841, 842, 851, 861, 862, and 872. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 1 Section 807 - Equipment Rental (2/02) INTENT: This Section provides a way to obtain the Contractor's personnel and equipment to perform emergency work that is not covered under existing bid items. It is not to be used as a replacement for force account crews or competitive bidding of routine work. The key word is emergency. This Section is not to be used to take care of omissions in the contract nor additional work discovered afterward. Emergency work is generally classed as: 1) storm or flood emergency having a substantial threat of loss of investment in roads, or 2) immediate threat to public life due to accident damage or similar problems. The Contractor is required to make any equipment used on the contract at the time of emergency available. The Contractor may offer equipment that is available but not in the contract work area, but is not required to offer it. Explanation of Subsections: 807.03 - EQUIPMENT: Equipment not actively working on the contract is considered unavailable under the contract unless the Contractor determines to make it available for work. Equipment of this type is to be checked for compliance with fire and safety requirements established in the contract. The Work Order should normally allow time for straightening up existing work under other Sections prior to starting Delivery of Equipment to Site. 807.04 - DELIVERY OF EQUIPMENT TO SITE: In determining transport or roading option with the Contractor, the COR should keep in mind that equipment transportation should be the Contractor's responsibility. Transport on a noncontractor truck transport should only be done in recognition of potential claims in case of equipment damage. The work order should establish a starting point for measuring time (or kilometers) for transport and the location of the equipment to be moved. 807.05 - HOURS OF OPERATION: The Contractor's regular working shift may include overtime or be restricted to less than eight (8) actual operating hours. If the established work hours do not fit the situation, the Work Order must outline those that are appropriate. Operations should normally be limited to daylight hours in consideration of operator safety and additional lighting needs that are not otherwise required in the contract. 807.06 - TIMEKEEPING AND COMPENSATION: The COR is responsible for keeping track of the time for emergency equipment rental. Deduction will not be made for time when the equipment is being held on standby against the possibility of more work. The Contractor's time will terminate with the Work Order which releases the equipment at it original location. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 2 Section 807 - Continued WORK ORDERS: Work Orders are extremely important under this Section. They provide the basis for all payments. Inadvertently delaying an ending Work Order, for example, makes a greater payment obligation than would have been necessary. Work Orders under this Section should provide a brief description of what end result, or function, the Contractor is to provide upon arrival at the site and establish the basis of the contractor's move. For example: "Gradall to keep debris from jamming against bridge. Equipment to be roaded during normal work hours." Subsequent Work Orders are to be used to terminate work under this Section and should include delivery for the equipment at the "point of hire" and ending point for the transporting vehicle. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 3 Section 808 - Work Area Management (2/02) INTENT: Each contract involves some occupancy of the traveled way which requires use of standard warning methods for motorist safety. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: All contracts unless work is entirely limited to work contained under Sections 835 or 839 without end haul (Section 832) involving other roads. Requires use of: None, this is self supported. Explanation of Subsections: 808.02B: Most work will interfere with motorists use of the traveled way. A basic plan for this work is to be agreed on for each Section under the contract before work commences. The adherence to the plan is helpful in protecting Contractor and the Government in case of accidents by casual motorists as will as providing reasonable worker protection. 808.02C: All signs and barricades are to be reflectorized. Use of plain cardboard or plywood with freehand brush, or spray lettering for signs is not acceptable. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 4 Section 811 - Blading (2/02 INTENT: For the timely ordered performance of routine blading on Level 3-5 roads. May be used on native and aggregate travelways, turnouts, and abutting shoulders of the same materials as the travelway. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 812-813 when processing is required Requires use of: 891 for water Explanation of Subsections The contract is to outline a schedule of work in adequate detail to allow the Contractor's preparation of a Work Schedule under Section F-5. Change in work sequence outlined in the approved Work Schedule can be ordered by the Governments Representative when needed to provide timely maintenance for public safety and surface drainage. The contract is to include a Road Listing which established the intended timing (Scheduling Priority) for the work to be performed and includes needed information such as requirements to inslope, outslope, or crown segments. 811.02A - Work ordered for routine blading will not include compaction unless additionally ordered and included in Special Project Specifications. The contractor may elect to do minor scarification without compensation. When scarification is known to be necessary to rip dust abate areas or for other Government reasons, a Special Project Specification should be developed for that purpose. Care will be needed to keep cutting to bottom of chuckholes incidental on other roads. 811.02B(2) - Section 891 must be included in the contract or watering cannot be required. 811.02B(3) - Maintenance of lead-off ditches is under Section 831. Maintenance of drainage dips at times not coincident with blading is under Section 837. 811.02D - Roads requiring compaction will be included in the Road Listing. If compaction method A is specified, trucks or other equipment being used in conjunction with the work may be used . Single-lane roads generally cannot be compacted full width by trucks or similar equipment. Compaction on single-lane roads should normally be Method B which requires Pay Item 811(5) in the Schedule of Items and inclusion of the Road Listing. Turnouts are considered an integral part of the traveled way and turnout compaction is to be included. 811.02G - The number of intersections to be bladed are to be estimated and included in the estimated quantities. 811.02H - Applies only to materials resulting from the Contractor's work. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 5 Section 811 - Blading (Continued) 811.02I - The placement of new berms is not appropriate under the Standard Section, but may be provided for by adding a Special Project Specification. 811.03A(1) - The definition of Lane shall control in measuring and ordering work. The use of calibrated survey odometers or measurements between accurate established kilometer (mile) posts provides a sufficiently accurate measurement of single lane kilometers (miles) along road centerline. Measurements are to be based on the work ordered and accepted. In cases where the Order is not specific or subject to misunderstanding, measurement shall normally be based on the limits of the contractor's operations on that road or segment. It is therefore necessary for all Work Orders involving spot work to be specific on location and extent of work; field marking of spot areas may be necessary to avoid misunderstanding. 811.03A(2) - The allowance of 0.1 kilometer (mile) for each intersection is established in recognition that the work involves a number of equipment shifts and widths. If differing lengths are established the allowance should be reevaluated for increased work but allowed at 0.1 for any lesser lengths. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 6 Section 812 - Dust Palliative Treatment (2/02) INTENT: This section is for use to abate dust. It includes standard materials specifications for applying petroleum and non-petroleum products. It is not intended to use this Section for providing a bituminous running surface. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other sections. Requires use of: 811, when blading is required and 891, when water is required. Explanation of Subsections: A decision needs to be made as to what type of abatement material and the application rate will best work on the existing road surfacing; consider rainfall, temperature and humidity, the availability of water, past performance, the road surface material type and surface condition, and the product cost. The following specifications may be needed: Water 891 and Blading 811. Water 891 will normally be needed prior to and possibly during product application. 812.02 - Contract should require LIGS, MG CL2, Ca CL2B, CA CL2F, or a Bituminous Dust Palliative unless abatement is only for contractors hauling. If nonpersonal service contract shows OPT on the road listing, the Contractor may use water to abate dust for contract haul or one of the commercial products, but payment for such will not be made. Use of OPT in nonpersonal service contracts requires care in Road Listing and Schedule of Items quantities to avoid confusion. If bituminous dust palliative products are specified, Section 892 is required and possibly Special Project Specifications. NOTES: Materials may be delivered at a differing percent solids then that stated in this Section. Adjustments in application rates, measurements and payment will be necessary when this occurs. 812.05(B) - Desired application and/or dilution rates for bituminous dust palliative treatments must be shown on the Drawings and/or described in Special Project Specifications. See the table below for some typical guidelines. Very good references include "Guidelines For Cost Effective Use and Application of Dust Palliatives" by Roads and Transportation Assocication of Canada, 1987 and various R6 informational write-ups by R6 Regional Pavement Engineer. When water is planned for diluting emulsified bituminous products prior to application, the water will normally be incidental. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 7 Typical 1st Ideal Total Typical Percent Application Percent P 75micro Recommended Product Rate Solids (P#200) Surface Condition Lignin 4.53 L/sm 50% 10-30% Need an open or loose Sulfonate (diluted 50/50) surface to get optimum penetration, best to loosen upper portion of surface Mg Cl 2.27 L/sm 30% 10-20% Penetrates reasonably well, Brine might not need to loosen the surface Ca Cl 1.58 L/sm 38% 10-20% Penetrates reasonably well, Brine might not need to loosen the surface Ca Cl 1.0 kg/sm 77% 10-20% As the flakes absorb water Flake pure the CaCl penetrates into the surface Bit. Varies Varies 5-20% There are a number of emulsion Dust and non-emulsion products Palliatives available, some will penetrate into the surface without the upper portion of the surface loosened by blading Blotter material or any other corrective action needed as a result of Contractor's improper application of materials may be ordered and is considered incidental. 812.05(D) - Section 811 (Blading) should be included in the contract when needed. Ideally one wants the road properly shaded (reestablish crown, inslope, or outslope) and the road surface permeable so that it can absorb the dust palliative. Some dust palliatives permeate more readily than others, see the above table for suggested surface conditions. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 8 Section 813 - Spot Surfacing - (2/02) INTENT: To provide minor spot surfacing. Any more than this should be included in a construction contract. Crushing is not intended; material should be available in stockpile or from commercial sources. Areas "designated by the Government" are allowed for additional work not identified by location when the contract is prepared. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other sections. Requires use of: Special Project Specifications if Government furnishes material, 811 if processing is required, 893 if commercially supplied material. Explanation of Subsections: 813.02 - Unless material is Government furnished, Section 893 (Aggregates) is to be included in the contract, and a gradation must be provided in Special Project Specifications. Aggregate gradation should be selected to approximate materials existing on the road. 813.03A - Scarification is optional with the contractor and incidental unless prescribed in Special Project Specifications. 813.03B - Any "additives" required must be designated in the Special Project Specifications. When other than breaking track compaction method is required, Method B will be specified in the schedule of items. 813.05 - When more than one gradation is required, additional Pay Items are to be established in Special Project Specifications. DRAWINGS: Each contract is to include a MAP (or maps) which shows the location of all roads listed in the contract and Government-furnished sources. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 9 Section 814 - Asphalt Pavement Patching (2/02 INTENT: To be used to repair asphalt traveled way and shoulders. Patching under the Service contract is meant to include normal pothole patching and smaller skin patches which can be accomplished with the same equipment. More extensive work should be completed by a construction contract. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other section. Requires use of: Special Project Specifications 815 Explanation of Subsections: 814.02 - When bituminous mixtures from established sources are used, standard state specifications will be allowed. If contractor elects to mix materials on site, the contractor is to provide a mix design for the materials intended. This mix design must be approved by the Government prior to use. A Special Project Specification is mandatory and must include the mix Gradation and type (hot or cold) authorized. Tests for conformity are the Contractor's responsibility, however, the Government Representative should perform additional checks as needed. 814.03B(3) - Special Project Specifications or drawings must include emulsified asphalt grade and dilution rate to be used and indicate the approximate spread rate of application for pothole and skin patching, priming and tacking. 814.03D - Designated disposal areas must be included in the contract. If special treatment of disposal areas is needed, requirements must be described. Designation of disposal areas under Section 832 can be used when included in the contract in lieu of designating under this Section. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 10 Section 815 - Paved Surface Cleaning (2/02) INTENT: The use of this Section is to clean the pavement surface and/or bridge decks. The extent of cleaning necessary should be able to be accomplished by conventional method such as power broom or blowers. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 814, 816, 817 Requires use of: 891 if flushing is allowed. Explanation of Subsections: 815.02B - If Contractor elects to use hydraulic flushing, water will be incidental. 815.03 - Bridge deck cleaning will normally require all materials to be moved off the deck longitudinally. 815.04 - Partial passes are defined as those less than 1.5 m (5 feet) in width. The use of a calibrated survey odometer or measurements between established mileposts provides a sufficiently accurate measurement of length. 815.05 - An estimate of quantities is to be included in the Schedule of Items. USE: Pass Kilometers: 1.5 m (5 feet) for sweeping paved edge or shoulder to clean fog lines. Lane Kilometers: Sweeping and cleaning full width or paved surfaces, including turnouts. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 11 Section 816 - Maintenance of Unpaved Shoulders (2/02) INTENT: To be used to reshape aggregate shoulders on paved roads to their original configuration. Generally all work required in this Section can be accomplished by a grader with attachments. Work is to be identified prior to the contract. Any additional work will be ordered by a Work Order and staked on the ground when necessary to identify location. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other section. Requires use of: 813, 815, 891 if water is required. Explanation of Subsections: 816.02 - Existing shoulder materials would only be reshaped under this Section. Shoulder material can be added when Section 813 (Spot Surfacing) is included in the contract scheduled at the same time on the road(s). It is expected that vegetative and other unsuitable materials will typically be of insignificant amounts that may be bladed on to the adjacent slopes. If significant quantities are expected, Special Project Specifications must be included. If water for compaction is needed, Section 891 (Water Supply and Watering) must be included in the contract. This Subsection requires materials be removed so the pavement edge and any markings are defined. Cleaning is to be accordance with Section 815 (Paved Surface Cleaning) and is incidental. 816.03 - The use of calibrated survey odometers or measurements between accurate established mileposts provides a sufficiently accurate measurement of single lane kilometers (miles) along road centerline. Measurements are to be based on the quantity staked or ordered and accepted. All orders involving spot work need to be specific on location and extent of work; field marking of spot areas may be necessary to avoid misunderstanding. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 12 Section 818 - Asphalt Crack Cleaning and Sealing (2/02) INTENT: This section provides for cleaning and sealing of cracks that are 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide and wider. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 13 Section 831 - Ditch Maintenance (2/02) INTENT: To clean and reshape all types of drainage ditches and provide a uniform cross section, but not add ditches. Cleaning is intended to mean removal of cutbank slough, rocks, limbs, and concentrations of sediment and other debris from within the ditch. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 832 for ditched slide areas. Requires use of: 832 for end haul, 815 paved surface cleaning. Explanation of Subsections: 831.02A - Basic control for ditchline cross-section is established by the existing ditchline before and after the staked limits of work. The basic purpose is to restore ditch functions, however, Special Project Specifications may be established to flatten the foreslope ratio of the ditch and define the road for subsequent blading under Section 811. Material above the elevation of the near traveled way shoulder is classed as slough or slide material removable under Section 832. 831.02D - Suitable material should be unsaturated soil and small rock to benefit the native road surfacing. Other materials including woody debris is to be hauled or disposed of per Special Project Specifications. 831.02E - Materials from ditch cleaning operations are not intended to be bladed across aggregate or bituminous surfaced roads at any time. Temporary storage is not to obstruct the waterway during runoff and may require special safety markings under Section 808. If material is to remain as designated berms after the contract is complete, Special Project Specifications should include that as a disposal requirement. 831.02F - When haul is required, Section 832 must be included in the contract. "Designated Waste Area" could be a slump identified for filling with selected materials under Section 832. 831.02G - Contractor may elect to haul in lieu of scattering, however, quantities would not be counted for haul under Section 832 unless ordered. 831.02H - For paved surfaced roads, Section 815 must be included in the contract. 831.03 - Measurement of each roadside ditch maintained may be by survey odometer or taped measurement between accurate kilometer (mile) posts. If both sides of the road are ditched, cleaning will be counted as two ditches. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 14 Section 832 - Remove and End Haul Materials (2/02) INTENT: For removing and disposing of slides, of excess and unsuitable materials. These materials may be disposed of by filling slumps or in designated waster areas. Maintenance of the haul road should be ordered and paid under other Sections of the Contract. Section 841, Vegetation Establishment, must be included when revegetation of disposal sites are required. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 831, 834, 835, 838, 839, 842, 851, 854, and 861. Required by any Section requiring end haul to a disposal site. Requires use of: 831 for ditch shaping, 813, 814 for Repairs, and D designated Disposal site. Explanation of Subsections: 832.02A - Slide removal is limited to that accessible by equipment operating from the roadbed. Slides which extend greater distance above the roadbed should usually be corrected under a Public Works Contract. Trees and brush carried onto the roadway are considered excess material unless merchantable. Undermined trees, stumps, or rocks are classed as a hazard to be handled under Section 854 (Hazard Removal and Cleanup). Designated Disposal Sites must be identified in the Special Project Specifications, and should be shown on the Map. 832.02C - Material for filling slumps is intended to be selected from slide materials or other excess materials being removed. Depressions are normally less than 0.6 m (2 feet) in depth. Placement must be designated. 832.02D - Placement by any other method than provided in this Section is to be handled by Special Project Specifications. Compaction requirements apply only to Method (2) layer placement. 832.02E&F - If it is anticipated that surfacing damage will be unavoidable, Section 813 (Spot Surfacing Aggregate) or Section 814 (Asphalt Pavement Patching) must be a part of this contract or work cannot be ordered. Damage due to contractor's negligence will be repaired according to Section 813 or 814 at contractor expense. All materials loaded for hauling are measured by the cubic meter (cubic yard). Sections 832(2), (3), and (4) are for placement measurement only. Thus, materials loaded, hauled, and placed in a slump would be measured under Pay Item 832(1), 832(2), and 832(4). INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 15 Section 833 - Culvert Replacement (2/02) INTENT: For removing and replacing existing culverts 1 m (3 feet) and less in diameter. Should be restricted to locations where depth to bottom of culvert averages no more than 1.5 m (five feet). Coordinating of Documents: Required by: None Requires use of: None Explanation of Subsections: 833(2) - The location and times that material are available should be included in Special Project specifications. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 16 Section 834 - Drainage Structure Maintenance (2/02) INTENT: To provide the cleaning and reconditioning of culverts and associated facilities. Cleaning of catchbasins, inlet and outlet channels, and ditchline transition areas are also included in this item. Work does not include cleaning totally plugged culverts or replacing all or part of the drainage structure. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other sections. Requires use of: 832, Drawing 834-1. Explanation of Subsections: 834.02A - Cleaning may be repeated on any drainage structure that develops problems during the season. Cleaning is to be done on receipt of a Work Order. Removal of materials from catch basins will be limited to that shown in the drawing. It is not the intent to clean culverts beyond 1.2 m (4 feet) from inlet or outlet. 834.02B - Debris and vegetation removed will be considered incidental as long as it can be placed (tossed) within a reasonable distance. Section 832 must be included with all contracts involving drainage structure maintenance if haul will be required. Typically the soil and rock removed from the drainage structure could be placed as a ditch dam below grade from the culvert inlet. 834.02D - Reconditioning of the structure is limited to that reachable from the outside of the structure. Reconditioning intends the use of materials available at the site. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 17 Section 835 - Roadway Drainage Maintenance (2/02) INTENT: To provide drainage on roads closed to traffic (Level I roads). It is intended to provide drainage maintenance during periods of road storage between commercial entries or until the road can be inactivated or obliterated. It is not intended to inactivate roads unless a special project specification is included in contract. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other sections. Requires use of: 841 for any revegetating, Special Project Specification or Staking. Explanation of Subsections: 835.02A(1) - If special tools are required to dismantle fabricated barricades, they will be furnished by the Government. 835.02A(2) - Temporary barricades should be used to control access. 835.02B(2) - Spot blading to outslope or inslope the roadbed may be necessary to provide drainage. Continuous blading is not the intent of this Section. 835.02B(4) - If methods other than A, B, or C are required, they must be identified in Special Project Specifications. All methods should be staked on the ground with the method written on each stake. 835.02C(1) - It is not the intent of this Section to remove slides and slumps unless they are creating a drainage problem. 835.02D - If other than the original entrance device is required to close the road, a Special Project Specification must be included identifying the type of closure. 835.03 - Estimated quantities are to be included in the Schedule of Items. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 18 836 - Road Obliteration (2/02) INTENT: Obliterate existing roads including removal of designated structures and entrance modification. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other sections. Requires use of: No other sections. Explanation of Subsections: 836.02B(2) - Complete seed mix application rate and date for seeding - N/A if none required. 836.02A - Disposal sites will have to be shown on attached map. 836.02J - Native tree transplanting can be expensive at this time due to shortage of equipment. Trees may need to be watered - this section does not include that work. 836.02C(2)&(3) - Complete fertilizer requirements - N/A if none required. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 19 Section 837 - Drainage Dip Maintenance (2/02) INTENT: Clean and reshape drainage dips to provide for a smooth flow of water from the traveled way. This Section is to be used for maintenance of existing drainage dips and associated outlet structures when this work is not coincident with Section 811 Blading. This Section is not to be used to construct new or additional dips nor is it to be used to provide new or additional special outlet structures. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other section. Requires use of: (813, 814, 891, and 893 as needed), Drawing 837-1. Explanation of Subsections: 837.02 - When additional materials are to be incorporated into the work the applicable Section must be included in the contract (Section 813, 814, 891, 892, and 893). 837.03C - It is not the intent of this Section to require the removal of roadbed boulders encountered in the shaping and cleaning of drainage dips. When large boulders that protrude more than 50 mm (2 inches) are encountered, material from the adjacent roadway may be used to provide cover. 837.03D - When additional aggregate is required the gradation should be selected to approximate existing material in the dip and appropriate Section 813, 832, and 893 must be included. 837.03E - If hydraulic cleaning is prohibited, Special Project Specifications will be required. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 20 Section 838 - Maintenance for Limited Use (2/02) INTENT: To maintain the roadway for passage by high clearance vehicles. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 839 Requires use of: 832 for end haul, Drawings 838-1 though 5. Explanation of Subsections: 838.02A - A contractor may be required to maintain a road more than once when ordered in writing. The written order should specify the time of return. 838.02B(1) - This Subsection is to provide for cleaning of all existing drainage structures. 838.02B(2) - Addition of cross ditches requires that locations be staked on the ground and should discharge on natural ground or points of low stable fill. 838.02C - Intersections requiring cross ditching (level 2 roads) will be shown in the Road Listing. Culverts at intersections will not be removed unless provided for in Special Project Specifications. 838.02D(1) - The intent of this Section is to provide a 3 m (10 feet) passageway as near the center of the roadbed as practical. This may be accomplished by repositioning objects such as rocks, logs, and trees. 838.02D(2) - This Section is to be used to remove trees from across the road. All trees are not considered merchantable under the wording of this Subsection. If timber is to be salvaged, it must be identified in Special Project Specification. 838.02E - This Section is to provide a stable ten 3 m (10 feet) wide passageway for vehicle travel by repositioning or ramping over slough or slides on the roadbed. If haul is required, Section 832 must be included. 838.02F(1) - The "upgrade" cross ditches will prevent water from entering slumps and cracks. 838.02F(2) - Berms will prevent water from entering slumps or longitudinal cracks. 838.02F(3) - Provides for vehicle passage by ramping in and out of slumps. If a slump is to be filled with waste material, Section 832 must be included and the slump area identified as a disposal site in Special Project Specifications. The decision to fill a slump should only be made after evaluating the structural stability of the slumped area and is NOT an option of the contractor. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 21 Section 838 - Maintenance for Limited Use (Cont.) 838.02G - Provides a relatively low speed passageway unencumbered by trees, brush, and limbs. It is not intended to provide sight distance for high speed travel. Cutting within 150 mm (6 inches) of the trunk is required to avoid light trimming of limb ends with resulting grow back. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 22 Section 841 - Vegetation Establishment (2/02 INTENT: To prescribe treatments for vegetating areas that have been disturbed by maintenance activities. Also used for inactivated roadbeds and barriers. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: Recommended with 832, 835, 838, 839, 851, 854, or other Sections causing ground disturbance. Requires use of: Special Project Specification 841-1 and/or 841-2 Explanation of Subsections: 841.02 - Application timing is to be provided to assure germination and growth prior to hot, dry weather. 841.02A - Fill in all blanks including application rate. If differing percentages or rates are required for differing areas, the locations must be identifiable. 841.02A - The designated spacing is to be entered. When spacing is staked on the ground enter: "As staked." 841.02B - Seed type is to show mixture of species required. Legume seed inoculated within 24 hours of application is normally acceptable unless the directions of the supplier stipulate otherwise. 841.02C - Complete fill-ins and show kilograms/hectare (pounds/acre) or other basis you use. Attach specifications for the material. 841.02D - If seed and fertilizer are to be applied separately from mulch, it must be shown under this Subsection. Timing may be season of year or within a specified number of days after ground disturbance. 841.02E - Establishes the inspection method to determine if plants are firmly imbedded in the soil. The point is not to break the plant, but to detect soil movement on a reasonable sampling. 841.03A - Requires the contractor provide a schedule for this work. 841.03A - Complete blanks. Show X under containerized or bare root. 841.03B - If the Government is going to furnish the plants, the type and number of plants will be listed here. The material will be provided to the Contractor upon a 10-day written notice from the Contractor. The location of the delivery is to be included in this Subsection. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 23 Section 841 - Vegetation Establishment (Cont.) 841.03B(1) - Special Project Specifications are needed if special preparation of the roadside will be required. 841.03B(3) - The operation of self-propelled equipment, although allowed, is discourage beyond the defined roadbed. If such operation will be specifically prohibited, it must be stated in the Special Project Specifications. 841.03C(1) - The roadbed is normally compacted and must be loosened to provide a seedbed. 841.03D - Mulching application timing must be separately described in 841.02C &D unless it can be applied concurrent with seed and fertilizer. 841.03E - When plantings are to be used, they will be specified in 841.03E In the event planting and mulching are to be performed in the same area, a Special Project Specification must include mulch placement limitations adjacent to plantings. Normally, the SPS should require that mulch will not be placed within 150 mm (6 inches) of plantings. 841.04 - This clarifies length to be used in computing acreage. See Quantity Measurement Terms 841.05B - Pay Items indicated can be changed as needed to better describe the intended work provided, the new description is provided in Special Project Specifications. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 24 Section 842 - Cutting Roadside Vegetation (2/02) INTENT: This Section is to be used to cut and remove vegetation in order to improve sight distance and provide overhead clearance. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other Section requires. Requires use of: 808, 832 for end haul, 854 for removal of trees over 100 mm (4 inches) in diameter. Explanation of Subsections: NOTE: See ILLUSTRATION OF ROAD MAINTENANCE TERMS for clarification of terms used in this specification. 842.01 - All vegetation includes material such as blackberries, grass, and ferns. Note that 100 mm (4 inches) is measured at 150 mm (6 inches) above ground, NOT DBH. 842.02A(1) - Vegetative growth in excess of 100 mm (4 inches) cannot be removed unless Section 854 is included in the contract. Drawing 842-1 must be included in the contract to show which limbs must be removed. Brushing need not be continuous throughout the road. Spot brushing may be ordered, however, areas must be identified on the ground at start and stop locations. 842.02A(4) - If either hand or mechanical is acceptable, one of the standard Pay Items is to be used. If only one method is acceptable, it is established by a Special Project Specification. If both hand and mechanical are required on differing segments, separate Pay Items should be established by Special Project Specification and the method must be identified for segment on the Road listing. 842.02B(1) - Pass kilometers (miles) allows for variable width brushing (cutting) along the road or on differing road segments. Since measurement is from the edge of the traveled way, the first pass will basically cut to the back of an existing ditch. 842.02B(2) - Differing widths shall NOT be required unless Pay Item is established for each differing width requirement. 842.02B(3)(a) - No cutting is required between the starting points and the road centerline. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 25 Section 842 - Cutting Roadside Vegetation (Con't.) 842.02B(3)(b) - The method of marking shall be described in a Special Project Specification accompanied by a Drawing illustrating the measurements from the marks. Marking must be in place in the field prior to bidding. It is usually preferable to establish the traveled way including turnouts by reshaping (blading) the road prior to contracting brushing. 842.02B(4) - Transitions are to provide a smooth outer edge of the cutting when work is ordered by the pass kilometer (miles). Transitions are automatically provided by uniform width side kilometer work, but this Subsection should remain in the contract. 842.02C - Hand brushing usually results in larger debris materials than is left by mechanical cutting. A Special Project Specification may be needed to reduce brush and small trees by limbing and bucking prior to scattering. Scattering may not be acceptable on private lands or adjacent to campgrounds. Needed hauling is under Section 832 and a disposal site must be designated and quantities estimated under Pay Items 832(1) and 832(2). 842.03 - NOTE: As previously discussed under 842.02A(4), 842.02B(1), and 842.02B(2), Pay Items must be established for differing characters of work. 842.03A - When a continuous pass is ordered for the length of the road, its length is the road measurement. When additional passes are ordered for a limited length, each pass is measured to the 0.1 kilometer (mile). Passes less than 0.1 kilometer (mile) are counted as 0.1 kilometer (mile). 842.03B -Variable cutting widths are NOT TO BE USED unless separate Pay Items are established for each required width. The feasibility of cutting to the required width should be field verified prior to inclusion of side kilometer (mile) work. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 26 Section 851 - Logging Out (2/02) INTENT: To open roads closed by windstorm or other natural occurrences which toppled trees into the roadway. It is intended to be used for unmerchantable material. Larger volumes of merchantable volume should be handled through a salvage sale or green sheet sales. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: N/A Requires use of: 808, 854 if removal required more than 1.5 m (5 feet) beyond top of cut or toe of fill, 832 if debris is to be hauled. Explanation of Subsections: 851.02A - This section requires that an estimate of quantity be included in the Road Listing. Actual work will be as ordered by the Government. Paint marking is to be used to denote Standard (merchantable) Timber only. Merchantable materials must be marked in advance of contractor's operation or the contractor will treat them as unmarked materials. "Designated Decking Areas" are intended to be the closest possible location that allows safe use of the road (not in turnouts) and does not obstruct drainage facilities. Piling of slash or debris applies within the roadway and drainage channels, other slash materials may be scattered. 851.02E - If hand piling is to be required, a SPS is necessary. If haul of debris is required, a disposal area and estimates of quantity under Pay Items 832(1) need to be included, Diameters may be estimated as if cut at the outer limit of the roadside. Bucking, skidding, decking, and disposal are all incidental, except ordered haul to disposal sites is paid under 832. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 27 Section 854 - Hazard Removal and Cleanup (2/02) INTENT: Use to reduce Forest Service designated hazards to the road, structures and users. Hazards may consist of unstable rocks or stumps which could topple into the roadway, or trees that appear to be rotten or unstable and could hit a structure or road user if toppled by wind. The key is to be reasonable in removing true hazards that will create traffic safety problems. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 842 for removal of trees 100 mm (4 inches) or over, 851 for removal of down trees beyond roadside limit. Requires use of: Marking hazards, Section 808. Explanation of Subsections: 854.02A(1) - Advance designation of material to be removed is mandatory under this Section. Danger trees should be identified by field evaluation of the contract work area. Generally, trees are those which lean towards the road or could fall into it. Trees to be removed shall be individually marked so that remaining stumps are identifiable. The marking shall be outlined in Special Project Specifications and should differ from markings (such as for Section 851) that may otherwise exist in the area. All trees are considered unmerchantable, unless specified in Special Project Specifications. 854.02A(4) - Contractor cleanup is limited to danger trees felled under this Section. Slash concentrations are expected to be minor. When concentrations will be significant, a Special Project Specification should be included to allow for other disposal methods unless hauling is to be ordered and paid under Section 832. 854.02B(1) - This Section is NOT intended to remove rocks or stumps imbedded in the roadbed, nor in fill slopes. 854.02B(2) - Hauling to disposal sites shall be ordered paid under Section 832. 854.03 - Measurement is the number of individual hazards removed. Example: An undermined danger tree and its stump are both to be ordered removed. Measurement will be for both the one danger tree removed and the one stump removed. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 28 Section 861 - Maintenance of Cattle guards (2/02) INTENT: This work consists of cleaning and repairing cattle guards. This Section does not include those "cattle guards" painted on paved surfaces, which will be cleaned under Section 815. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other section. Requires use of: 832 if end haul is to be required. . Explanation of Subsections: 861.02A - Wings and deck grids are usually removed to make the cleaning job easier. When replacement components or decks are furnished, the contractor is not required to repair removed wings or decks. 861.02A(1) - Complete all blanks or revise wording as needed. 861.02A(3) - List components that will be provided, such as wings and fastening bolts for wing. DO NOT INCLUDE DECKS UNLESS ALL CATTLEGUARDS ARE TO BE REDECKED (Use 861-2 for decks) 861.03B - Scheduling notice of the contractor's work under this Section is critical to allow time for providing public notice or for issuance of CFR closure orders when needed. Contractor scheduling (F-5) and Work Area Management (Section 808) are important factors. 861.03C - Cleaning is all that is intended with this section. Work cannot include painting, foundation repair, raising or realigning of the cattleguard. 861.03D - If material cannot be disposed of within 60 m of the cattleguard, Section 832 must be included in the contract and payment made under Pay Items 832(1) and 832(2). 861.03F - Welding under this Section is intended to be spot welding or short beads. Longer beads would normally require shop repairs and a replacement wing or deck should be provided by the Government. 861.03G - Replacement of posts or other fence materials not disturbed by contractors work NOT intended. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 29 Section 862 - Maintenance of Traffic Gates (2/02) INTENT: To clean and restore traffic gates. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: None Requires use of: None. Explanation of Subsections: Colors of paint, type and location of Government-furnished materials, need to be shown in the Special Project Specifications. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 30 Section 872 - Sign Maintenance (2/02) INTENT: Standard warning, guide, regulatory signs, and various markers such as Type 2 and 3 object markers or barricade markers can be cleaned or replaced provided they use reflectorized sheeting or stick on numerals or alpha characters. Routed wood signs may be cleaned or replaced, however, refurbishing of legend or painted backgrounds is NOT included or allowed. New signs can be installed under this Section. May be scheduled concurrent with other Sections. As written this work would be considered construction work. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: No other Sections reference this specification. Explanation of Subsections: 872.02 - Contractor is only required to provide common tools, cleaning materials and crew transportation. If special devices are required for removing signs with anti-theft devices, Forest Service is to provide the special device. 872.02 - A special project specification could be written to add: The following wording can be added when edge taping of sign faces will be required as part of Pay Item 872(5), Apply New Sign Face "Add the following under (4)(c): 4. After the sign face is applied to the backing blank, the top edges shall be sealed with Government-furnished tape. The tape shall be placed in contact with the new sign face and folded to the rear and secured on the backing blank. Where taping cannot be continuous, the tape shall be overlapped at least one 25 mm (1) inch with the uppermost tape extending over the lower portion. Taping shall be incidental to Pay Item 872(5), Apply New Sign Face. 872.03 - Exclusion is to avoid delamination and stripping of faces from blanks. If other methods will be excluded, a SPS is needed. 872.04A - Include estimated number under Pay Item 872(1) unless sign is to be reconditioned under Pay Item 872(2). 872.04B - Include estimated number under Pay Item 872(2). 872.04B(1) - Cleaning is incidental to Pay item 872(2). Limitation on number of patches is established to ensure sign legibility. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 31 Section 872 - Sign Maintenance (Cont.) 872.04B(2) - Four inch requirement and reporting requirement allows COR decision to "Remount" new sign (Pay Item 872(4)) or "Apply New Sign Face" (Pay Item 872(5)) when included as a bid item. 872.04B(3&4) - Deals with workmanship for B(1) and B(2). 872.04B(5) - Can only be required where replacement characters are provided by Government and Pay Item 872(2) is included as a bid item. 872.04C - Estimate number of signs to receive new faces on signs existing in the field under Pay Item 872(5). Necessary cleaning, straightening of sign blanks and patching is incidental when work is ordered for a specific location for any contractor's work. If work is ordered subsequent to initial cleaning (Pay Item 872(1)) or reconditioning (Pay Item 872(2)) payment is made for each item in the ordered sequence. If edge taping of the new sign face onto the sign blank is to be required, a Forest developed Special Project Specification must be added. 872.04D - In addition to replacing damaged posts, the COR may order reinstalling to gain proper height or orientation of otherwise sound posts and signs. New installations should be shown in the Road Listing by road number and kilometer (mile) point but may be subsequently ordered when Pay Item 872(3) is included and bid. If the post is proper height and orientation but a new sign blank with mounted face is needed, the work should be estimated under Pay Item 872(4). 872.04E - This recognizes that conditions may change subsequent to inclusion in the Road Listing or issuance of a Work Order. Deficiencies not ordered under an established Pay Item should be documented for subsequent Forest Service correction. 872.05 - Some installations may require more than one Pay Item. An example where contractor performs basic work and is subsequently ordered for additional work is described in Use under 872(4)(c). Where the same installation is redone in accordance with the Schedule (Road Listing) or Work Order, each action is counted separately. 872.06B - An estimate of quantities must be provided and shown in the Road Listing and Schedule for each Pay Item where work will be subsequently ordered. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 32 Section 881 - Mobilization (2/02) INTENT: The Mobilization Section is to compensate the Contractor for movement of personnel, equipment, supplies, and incidentals to the project site, or sites. Mobilization is not intended to be used in conjunction with Section 807 Equipment Rental). Coordinating of Documents: Required by: Not required but recommended for contracts involving grader, backhoe, loader, brush cutters, or other heavy equipment with substantial contractor investment in ownership, rental, and initial transport to the contract area. Requires use of: Inclusion of Pay Item for bidding with period state in the Schedule of Items. Explanation of Subsections: 881.02 - When contract work is expected (as indicated by Road Listing scheduling priorities) to be continuous, include only one mobilization and insert: From Start Work to Completion. When an interruption in work is planned by fall work include mobilization for each new work period based on dates of priority scheduling contained in the Road Listing. 881.03A - This limits amount contractor can bid based on the total contract amount of the specified work period. The estimated number of Mobilization is to be included in the Schedule of Items. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 33 Section 882 - Equipment Moving (2/02) INTENT: Contractors can be reasonably expected to anticipate and bid normal costs of fulfilling the Work Schedule moves based on Scheduling Priorities in the Road Listing or modified by Work Order prior to the contractor preparing the Work Schedule for the coming month. If changes in Government priorities can be consistently foreseen and ordered before the contractors monthly Work Schedule is prepared, use of this Section is not needed. Situations can, however, change suddenly due to impacts of traffic or emergencies and should be reflected in changed priorities for work bid under the contract. This Section therefore provides for payment to the contractor when the Government interrupts the contractor's Work Schedule to do contract work of a higher immediate Government priority. A Pay Item should be established for only those Section(s) where it is likely that a change in scheduling might be suddenly needed. This Section is the proper Section for doing work when a bid Pay Item is available instead of using Section 807 (Emergency Equipment Rental) on an hourly rate. It is also properly used for ordered changes in Pay Item work locations (from the accepted Work Schedule) for the convenience of the Government. This Section is NOT to be used as a substitute for Section 881 (Mobilization for contract startup). Coordinating of Documents: Required by: Not required but strongly recommended for Sections involving public safety or high environmental risk if occurrences are not rapidly corrected. Requires use of: Road Listing scheduling priorities and Work Orders. Explanation of Subsections: 882.02B - When the Contractor proposes equipment movement to accomplish work or increase efficiency, the Government may agree to the movement but no additional compensation will be provided. 882.04 - Insert Section number(s) in the Schedule of Items where it is likely that work may be needed that was not scheduled over a month in advance. Separate Pay Items should be established for each Section, or combination of Sections, involving differing types of equipment. For example: 882(1) Equipment Moving for Sections 811 and 812 882(2) Equipment Moving for Section 832 Orders for equipment to move should be given at least 48 hours from date of order to start the move. Add Pay items as needed for each Items included in the contract where moving may be required. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 34 Section 891 - Water Supply and Watering (2/02) INTENT: The Contractor needs to know what water sources will be available for contract work. Common requirements associated with water sources and use are outlined. This Section is NOT TO BE USED for developing permanent water sources the contractor will not use nor for purposes other than maintenance of roads. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: Sections 811, 812, 813, 815 when flushing, 816 and 841 if hydromulching required. Requires use of: None Explanation of Subsections: 891.01 - Contractor may elect use of "other sources" which are not on Forest Service lands when the Contractor secures all necessary approvals and any royalties involved are paid by the Contractor. The use of "other source" does not establish any relationship between the Forest Service and the owner of the water source. 891-1(2) - Complete all blanks for each water source listed (see Intent and Use Guide Section 891.02 - Materials). Location is the road and milepost of the water source that is listed. 891.02 - Listing of sources constitutes a guarantee that the contractor may use the source(s) under the stated constraints (restrictions) which could include not decreasing flow to less than a stated volume. The Government is responsible for obtaining all clearances (Watermaster, Fish and Game etc.) for use of listed sources. 891.03A - Requirement for known capacity is aimed at determining quantities and establishing dilution rates. 891.03B - Unless otherwise required in another Section, the Contractor may use any device that achieves the stated result. If the stated result cannot be obtained, the COR should reject equipment that does not perform properly. 891.03C - Air gap means the filler pipe or hose cannot come into contact with the water in the tank so a siphoning effect could occur. 891.03D - The key to improvements is that they are approved by COR. If the type of improvement is limited to one type, the contract should include a specific Drawing prescribing the temporary or permanent improvement. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 35 Section 891 - Water Supply and Watering (Con't.) This Subsection applies when Pay Item 891(1) is included in the Schedule of Items for bidding, but should not be deleted if Pay Item 891(1) is not included since it provides basic information if the contractor proposes temporary improvements facilitating contract use at no added cost. 891.04 - Several options are available depending on how water is dealt with in the contact: If this Section is not included in the contract by listing with another Section (such as 811, Blading) in the Road Listing, water will not be required. If water will be incidental to work of the other Section, do not list an estimated quantity for that Section in the Schedule of Items for bidding. If water will be required and paid for one type work (Blading) but not for another, list quantity estimate for only the Section to be paid (i.e., Pay item 891(2), Water for Section 811) and show estimated quantity on the Road Listing. List the other Section with 891 incidental only on the Road Listing. 891.05 - See Intent and Use discussion under 891.04 also. Pay Item 891(1) may be used even though water is incidental but temporary improvements are known to be needed, particularly to make joint contractor and force account use of the source feasible. A Pay Item is to be established whenever water will be required; for example for Section 811 or 813. The established pay unit of M-liters should not be modified to hours since the size tanker is not prescribed. We might anticipate a 20,000 liter (5,000 gal) water truck, but only get a 4,000 liter (1,000 gal) unit and end up paying more than the value received. If the water supply sites differ substantially, additional Pay Items may be established, provided we clearly identify which sites go with each Pay Item. When water supply sites and water are incidental, the estimated range of quantities should be included in the Road Listing to allow contractor to include costs in the Section(s) that will be paid. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 36 Section 892 - Bituminous Products (2/02) INTENT: Bituminous products are to meet established criteria. Coordinating of Documents: Required by: 812 for Bituminous dust palliatives Requires use of: None. Explanation of Subsections: 892.02 If a non-standard bituminous dust palliative not listed in Table 892-1 is desired then a SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATION needs to be issued that addresses the products material requirements. The product should be manufactured for dust abatement purposes. One will find that the amount of solids and dilution ratio of these products varies from manufacture to manufacture. Collect information on the product such as; past performance, location of use, and amount of traffic the product was subjected to during its use. INTENT AND USE GUIDE (10/09/03) 37
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text:
ISLAMABAD Pakistan will hold historic general elections on May 11, a presidential spokesman said on Wednesday, after the government completed its first full term in the country's troubled history.
A caretaker administration will now manage the run-up to elections as the country struggles with Taliban violence, record sectarian unrest, chronic power cuts and a fragile economy.
The United States, a major aid donor despite tense relations with Pakistan in recent years, will be closely watching the elections in a country where the military shapes foreign policy with the help of the powerful intelligence agencies.
Nuclear-armed Pakistan is a key in ally in the U.S. fight against Islamist militancy and its cooperation is seen as vital in efforts to bring stability to neighbouring Afghanistan.
Pakistani Taliban militants are waging a violent campaign to topple the government and impose their austere brand of Islam. They recently withdrew a conditional ceasefire offer and threatened to attack the ruling party's election rallies.
Washington is hoping the elections will usher in stability so that Islamabad can help pacify Afghanistan as U.S.-led NATO troops prepare to leave by the end of 2014.
Pakistan's military has ruled the country for more than half of its 66-year history and its ties with civilian leaders are often strained.
Army chief General Ashfaq Kayani has vowed to keep the military out of politics and there are no signs the generals are backing any particular party for the polls.
Pakistanis have become frustrated with the ruling Pakistan People's Party (PPP) of President Asif Ali Zardari for its mismanagement of the fragile economy and inability to ease Islamist militancy and tackle poverty.
It could face strong competition from opposition leader Nawaz Sharif, who was toppled by a military coup in 1999, as well as cricketer-turned-politician Imran Khan.
Former military leader General Pervez Musharraf is expected to return from self-exile in Dubai on March 24 to take part in the election.
(Reporting by Mehreen Zahra-Malik; Editing by Nick Macfie)
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Important Dates
Registration is open! Click here to register.
Register early as fees increase on ride day.
July 27th: Last Day to Register Online with Early Packet Pickup Option
July 30th-August 3rd: Packet Pickup @ Campus Cycles (Denver and Lakewood Locations) *selected during online registration
August 6th: Online Registration Closes
August 8th, Ride Day
T.E.V. Edelweiss Club
17832 Highway 8, Morrison, Colorado
Directions: From C-470 and Morrison Rd. go left on Morrison Rd to Hwy 8 and T. E. V. Edelweiss and parking will be on your left.
5:00-8:00am Registration and Packet Pickup
5:00-8:00am Complimentary Breakfast by Corner Bakery
5:30am Century Riders Mass Start (with Police Escort!)
7:00am Metric and Challenge Route Mass Start
All Century riders must be on course by 7:00am – No Exception!
8:30am All Metric and Challenge Riders must be on course
12:00pm Witter Gulch Aid Station Cutoff for Century Riders
10:00am Post Ride Celebration in Downtown Morrison
Expo features vendors, music, food, and more!
11:00am-4:00pm Complimentary Lunch and Expo
4:00pm EXPO Closes
Aid Station List & Times (The course will be swept at 3pm and no aid stations will be staffed at that time)
Idledale Community Church Aid Station – 6:00am-3pm
Brook Forest Water Station – Base of Climb (on the right) – 7am-11am
Brook Forest Aid Station – 7am-11am
Aspen Ridge Church Aid Station – 7:30am-12pm
Witter Gulch Aid Station – 8:30am-12pm (no century riders will be permitted to continue after 12pm)
Squaw Pass Aid Station – 9am-1pm
Idaho Springs Aid Station – 9:30am-1:30pm
Evergreen Aid Station – 10am-2:30pm
Idledale Community Church Aid Station – 6am-3pm


text:
Deviant Art
How To Draw v1.3Part 1: What is Drawing?More Like This
This is how I've come to understand the act of drawing. Its best to first set the semantics (the specific meaning of the words) straight, so there are no crossed purposes.
By 'drawing' I mean loosely the act of making visually representative marks on a surface.
Anyone can draw. Anyone can attempt to recreate what they see in front of them - or a scene they imagine - by making marks on a piece of paper. If you hear someone say "I can't draw", slap them for me. As long as they have a moving part to which a pencil can be taped, they can draw.
However, "attempt" is the operative word here... because that's all anyone can ever do. They can come indefinitely close to recreating what they see or imagine, but no matter what they produce, it can always be improved upon. Bear this in mind, Ill come back to it in a moment.
Part 2: Good and Bad
This section is very subjective, so just be aware that what I'm giving you is my opinion on how t
Art + Anatomy book Recommendations15 books I recommend for anatomy, art fundamental study and art inspiration. Please note that these are simply my personal recommendations and books that's helped me a lot in the past.More Like This
I've taken photos for these books, so Here's a less image-heavy list (on tumblr)
This took so much longer than I first anticipated so I really hope people find this helpful cause, seriously, spending 3 days on this does not feel like it was worth it
edit: I'm putting the tl;dr list here first as a preview of the books I'm recommending.
TL;DR List of books
Anatomy Books
An Atlas of Anatomy for Artists
The Art of Animal Drawing
Anatomy for the Artist
You Will Not Read ThisWhen a writer puts his soul and passion into his work.More Like This
It will go unnoticed, often because of its length.
It is a rather sad fact, but a truth nonetheless.
For the simple emotions conveyed in just a few words,
Often hold more sway with those who are emotionally swayed.
There is no depth of the heart, nor a single thought spared.
For the effort placed into a piece that forgoes the winning edge,
For a hint of true meaning.
You will not read this piece and I will not expect you to.
It will not be popular or famous, nor will it see the light of day.
For length is the bane of true poetry,
And that is why so many of my kin have already left.
Thank you however, for reading this;
For you at least took the time to see what I would consider 'truth'.
It is bitter indeed and intensely sad,
But for the you that respects this, I am eternally glad.
-Chen, 23rd May 2014
She's a WriterShe sits at her deskMore Like This
Her headphones in,
The world shut out.
She bleeds for others
As words fly from
Her mind to her fingertips.
She stares at the screen,
At every little comment,
The good and the painful.
She forms her emotions
Into books and poems
To throw away the hurt.
She's a writer,
And her best weapons
Are her mind and her pen.
listen:1.More Like This
People will let you down.
You'll love them, anyways.
Don't let anyone romanticize
It won't be beautiful
when somebody breaks your heart
the first time
or the second
or the eighteenth.
Pain is not beautiful.
Maybe on paper
but not inside of you
not in numbers.
A million people
kill themselves
every year
but you're still here,
and that's important.
You're doing something
My father told me
"Be selfish –
if you don't take care of you
who will?"
I liked to think
that this is the reason
he ignored me
growing up.
(I'm sorry.
I don't have good advice
on this one.
Because the people who let you down,
you'll find,
are the ones promised to save you.
Are the ones promised to love you
and protect you
and I'll tell you,
nothing quite hurts
like waking up in the morning
to the police in your doorway.
Nothing quite hurts
like being eleven
and hearing a cop say
"Poor girl had to live wi
9.36every night i find myselfMore Like This
wandering, wondering
if you still love me
when my clothes are on
and then i remember
that i should be asking
if you love me at all
a week ago today
you answered
that question
for me
(the answer was no)
and the more i wonder
the more i realise
i'd rather be loved
for my skin, by you
than for anything else
by anybody
butsometimes everything is okayMore Like This
when you've taken everything you can find
and your arms are heavy
and you're losing a war with yourself
but she's always here.
make her go away.
you lie on your mothers bed and you cry because she calls you stupid
and because you're afraid of the dark
and of being alone
and then you are all alone and she's with you but
you've got nothing left on your bedside table
and nothing left
to live for
except a boy who won't call
but it's fine.
and everything's always fine.
because your heart hurts and your heart burns
but you can't keep your eyes open
and then you lie down and hope that you die.
|Sta.sh Submit


text:
ODT Online
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A bright light was reported speeding across New Zealand skies
last night.
Prime Minister John Key says a decision on whether he will
work with New Zealand First after the election is a long way
off, but he does want the party's support to pass changes to
the country's spying laws.
Parking wardens who are being verbally and physically abused
are being armed with cameras to curb and capture aggressive
Naval officers drunkenly damaged property and one allegedly
acted inappropriately with a rating at the Devonport base
after a night out drinking.
The victim of a brutal home invasion attack is "very, very
pleased" to hear an arrest has been made and is keen to
return home.
Of all the All Blacks returning to the Super Rugby
competition after the three-test sweep of France, it is
perhaps Keven Mealamu and his fellow Blues players who have
it the toughest.
Disgraced National MP Aaron Gilmore won't comment on
speculation he plans to run for the soon-to-be vacant
Christchurch East seat, when Labour's Lianne Dalziel takes on
her bid for the Christchurch mayoralty.
A man has appeared in court over the alleged shooting of
another man in the Auckland suburb of Orakei.
A newborn girl suffered a large bleed into the tissues
covering her brain and had to have head surgery after a
midwife "failed to discuss" giving the baby vitamin K, which
helps the blood to clot, an investigation has found.
Wellingtonians are being warned to expect ongoing traffic
delays this week with many of the region's trains sidelined
due to track damage.
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