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Overview of Teeth Whitening
Teeth whitening is used to correct discoloration of the teeth by removing the brown and yellow staining. The term "teeth whitening" can refer to a number of techniques to improve the brightness of the patient's teeth. Among them are chemical whitening, mild acid whitening, abrasive teeth brightening and the newest technique, laser teeth whitening.
Teeth Bleaching
Teeth bleaching is chemical process used to lighten the color of the patient's teeth. The procedure can be performed entirely in the cosmetic dentist's office or it can be performed by the patient in their home, using a materials provided by the dentist. The home method is often used because it saves the patient from having to make an office visit for each treatment.
Before the patient embarks on the home teeth whitening regimen, the cosmetic dentist creates a custom mouth tray for the patient. The custom tray is a critical component of the treatment. It ensures that the correct amount of whitening solution is used and that the patient's teeth are properly exposed to the whitening solution. The custom made mouth tray provides for a better fit than a one-size-fits-all mouth tray to help increase the margin of patient safety.
The steps in the home teeth whitening regimen are fairly straightforward. The cosmetic dentist's office provides the patient with the materials and instructions and also answers questions the patient may have about the routine. Your dentist's office can also provide you with off-site supervision should you have any questions once you've begun.
A home whitening session can last for two to three hours, during which time you will have the tray and solution in your mouth. Depending upon your needs and desired results, your dentist may instruct you to keep the tray in your mouth overnight. Typically, you will follow your home teeth whitening regimen for two to three weeks, after which time you will return to your cosmetic dentist for a follow up visit.
How much does tray bleaching teeth cost?
The standard fee for tray bleaching teeth procedures is about $500 or more in most cases. Depending on your cosmetic dentist, this may or may not include office visits. Costs can vary depending upon the area of the country you live in and the type of whitening treatment you undergo.
Generally speaking, the price of teeth whitening increases with the number of in-office treatments required by the patient. Dental insurance does not typically cover the cost of the teeth whitening procedure.
Pros and Cons of Teeth Whitening
People typically have their teeth whitened to improve their appearance. Whiter teeth are associated with beauty and a healthier lifestyle. When people have a brighter smile, they tend to smile more often and are less self-conscious.
In addition, a whiter smile tends to minimize the appearance of facial wrinkles, giving way to a more youthful and energetic appearance.
Finally, a whiter smile gives people to whom you are speaking a place to focus on and gives you a friendlier appearance.
Although bleaching is very effective, there can be short term disadvantages, such as sore gums or teeth from the bleach. This disappears when bleach use is discontinued. Some individuals are more chemically sensitive. If you are one of them, inform your cosmetic dentist so that you can be tested for sensitivity to the solution.
Research indicates that bleaching is completely effective in more than 78% of people. In cases of serious teeth discoloration, bleaching may not be the best choice. Veneers or crowns may be the superior choice. Bleaching is usually the first solution to try due to its lower cost.
Some people experience discomfort from wearing the mouth tray. This typically goes away in short order, but if you suspect that there is a problem with the fit of your mouth tray, call your dentist's office. They can often make small adjustments that will minimize or eliminate the problem.
Sometimes a single tooth becomes discolored causing it to look out of place with the rest of your smile. In these cases you may want to consider having the tooth whitened to match the rest of your teeth. If you'd like to learn more about what causes the discoloration and what can be done about it, please follow the links below.
How much can a tooth be whitened?
How white an individual tooth can become from bleaching and whitening is a common question. Some whitening procedures claim they can whiten your teeth by up to nine shades, but that is highly unlikely. A change of two or three shades will make a significant difference in just about anyone's smile. There is no one standard system in the dental field to measure and determine tooth color. However, the Vita shade guide is the most used. This guide divides individual tooth color into four basic shade ranges:
A (reddish brown)
B (reddish yellow)
C (gray)
D (reddish gray).
In the A range there are five levels of darkness. Ranges B, C and D, each have four levels.
Not all of your teeth are the same natural color. As strange as it may sound, usually your eye teeth are darker than the others, and your front teeth are almost always the whitest, and molars tend to be a shade between those two. When your cosmetic dentist is whitening one particular tooth, they will take this into account. The goal for everyone is to achieve an overall whiteness while still looking natural. During your first consultation for tooth whitening, your dentist will go over what you personally can expect for your specific smile. How a white tooth will become will vary from person to person. The structure of your tooth and the type of procedure implemented will affect the outcome.
The following chart will give you some idea of what to expect. As everyone's circumstances are different, options should be further discussed with your cosmetic dentist prior to making a decision. Most people are not seeking a gradual whitening of an individual tooth. The laser whitening procedure affords the cosmetic dentist the needed control and the patient the instant results sought.
Procedure: Usually Lasts For: May Cause During and Shortly After Procedure: Time for Procedure: Changes in Shade: Average Cost:
Laser 12 - 18 Months Minor Discomfort 2 - 3 Hours 7 - 8 $ 300.
What causes discoloration of the teeth?
Teeth enamel discoloration can be caused by staining, aging, or chemical damage to teeth. Some of the more common causes of teeth discoloration are medications, coffee, tea or cigarettes. People who drink significant amounts of cola soft drinks can experience similar staining.
Aside from staining, there are other factors that can affect the color of an individual's teeth. Genetics can play a role. Some people have naturally brighter enamel than others. Disease can also be a factor and certain medications can cause a discoloration of the teeth. If you suspect that there is an underlying medical cause for your teeth discoloration, be sure to inform your cosmetic dentist.
What is cosmetic gum surgery?
Your gum tissue is like a frame that provides form and shape to the top of your tooth. A less than attractive smile results when the integrity of the gum is compromised or the actual gum between your teeth becomes weak. Usually due to poor hygiene (gum disease), you actually begin to lose gum tissue. Cosmetic dentistry provides many cosmetic solutions such as composite resin bonding, crowns, and veneers to create a great smile. These solutions are usually part of an overall strategy which may involve cosmetic gum surgery. Used to correct a 'gummy smile' (a significant portion of your gum is exposed when you smile), cosmetic gum surgery is the procedure of lengthening your teeth from the neck of the tooth upwards. Your teeth then appear to be longer and much less gum is seen when you smile.
The "Long in the Tooth" Smile - Cosmetic gum surgery, or periodontal plastic surgery, can correct almost any deformity or gingival problems preventing you from a beautiful smile. As we age, our gums may shrink and recede which makes our teeth look longer. While this is often age-related, it can also occur due to a bad bite. A cosmetic dentist or a periodontist can correct this to such an extent, that you'll have a very youthful appearing smile.
The "Gummy Smile" - This is a problem where your teeth appear to be too short. Gum sculpting is often the solution. To solve this, a dentist uses a laser to remove the excess tissue of your "gummy" smile, which then exposes more of your tooth.
Who is a candidate for cosmetic gum surgery?
You should consult your dentist about cosmetic gum surgery if you believe you have "Gummy Smile" (small crown length), gum recession "long teeth", an uneven gum line due to "short teeth", gum loss or gums which appear to be collapsing (from missing teeth), dark or black areas between bridges, implants, crowns or teeth, or tooth sensitivity from receding gums.
There are two primary procedures for cosmetic gum surgery, depending on your current smile.
"Gummy Smile" (Excessive Gingival Display)
A "Gummy Smile" can occur due to wear of teeth from teeth grinding, a short upper lip, or having a longer than usual upper jawbone. This smile is when your teeth appear too small and your gums appear to large.
"Long Tooth Smile" (Gum Recession)
As your gums recede, your teeth appear longer than normal. While "long teeth" may result in an unattractive smile, you should also be concerned with root sensitivity and possible tooth loss. Recent advances in techniques and materials have resulted in significant improvements in both comfort, predictability and esthetics.
To Correct a "Gummy Smile"
Cosmetic gum surgery can be done to reduce the excess gum and bone. The removal of these tissues allows for normal sized teeth and for a normal gum line appearance by using an instrument, usually a laser, to remove the undesirable tissue. Typically your cosmetic dentist will prescribe an antibacterial mouth rinse to be used twice a day for a two-week period following your surgery.
To Correct a "Long Tooth Smile"
As your gums recede, your teeth look much "longer" than normal. Such gum recession exposes your sensitive root surface which often makes hot or cold foods and drinks a painful experience. Teeth can become loose as your gum recedes. The cosmetic gum surgery solution is basically when a cosmetic dentist or periodontist removes tissue from the roof of your mouth and then grafts it onto your gum line. This tissue then reinforces thin gums or fills in areas where your gums have receded. Typically your cosmetic dentist will prescribe an antibacterial mouth rinse to be used twice a day for a two-week period following your surgery.
Dental Root Canals for Your Teeth
Many of us have heard the comparisons of painful things to the root canal procedure. It's not that bad. There are tiny canals within your tooth that may become infected. This leads to the pulp inside your tooth also becoming diseased. Either your dentist or an endodontist to remove any infection performs the root canal procedure. The canals are then filled and the tooth receives either a filling or a crown. Crowns are more common in most cases as they add strength to the tooth itself. The procedure itself takes one to two visits.
What are Root Canals?
There are tiny canals within your tooth that may become infected. This leads to the pulp inside your tooth also becoming infected as well. Either your dentist or an endodontist to remove any infection performs the root canal procedure. The canals are cleaned and then filled and the tooth receives either a filling or a crown.
Who is a candidate for a root canal?
If your tooth is infected or there's severe damage to the pulp, a root canal will be recommended. An untreated cavity is the most common cause for this infection. The pulp inside the tooth can become inflamed from trauma or extensive restorative work. It can even be affected from a series of fillings being applied in a short period of time. This inflammation usually leads to infection. Pain in the tooth is the most common and obvious symptom.
How are Dental Root Canals Performed?
Depending on the number of teeth and severity affected, root canals usually require one to two visits not including any follow-up visits. Your dentist or endodontist will numb the area around the affected tooth, or may offer you the option of mild sedation. The tooth is then drilled to the pulp area either through the top or the back of the tooth. The actual root canals are measured after some of the pulp has been removed. This is done so that the dentist can clean the entire canal, and so that enough of the filling material will be used to completely fill the canal. The actual measuring is done with either x-rays or electronic imaging devices.
All of the diseased pulp in the tooth is removed, and the canal is cleaned out thoroughly with an antiseptic solution. This solution will clean all of the canals within the tooth. The canals are then filled with gutta percha, a flexible plastic material. A temporary filling is then put on top of that. A crown or permanent filling will be done after there has been no sign of infection. Crowns are most common since the root canal procedure weakens the tooth. The crown is usually placed as soon as possible, within a month or less.
Expect two to three days of soreness after the procedure, or longer if the infection in the root canal was severe.
How much do dental root canals cost?
Expect the cost of a root canal treatment to be about $400. to $600. per front tooth and about $500. to $800. for a molar. The difference is because front teeth usually have only one root canal and molars usually have three or more. The costs for a crown or permanent filling are additional. Costs for a second root canal, hopefully not needed, on the same tooth are slightly higher.
Who is a candidate for Dental Veneers?
Veneers, porcelain or plastic, are placed over the front teeth to change color shape of the teeth. Veneers are ideal for teeth that are too small, too big, or have uneven surfaces. It is very common for people to have imperfect teeth, either oddly shaped teeth, chipped teeth, crooked teeth,teeth with small holes in them, or an inappropriate sized tooth or teeth that have an odd appearance. Veneers solve such irregularities and create a durable and pleasing smile.
Overview of Tooth Veneers
Often an alternative to crowns, veneers are very thin pieces of specially-shaped porcelain or plastic that are glued over the front of your teeth with little or no anesthesia needed. They are the cure for teeth that are severely discolored, chipped, have small holes or pits, misshapen or crooked, or for the correction of unwanted or uneven spaces. Unlike crowns, veneers won't require the dentist to remove much of the tooth itself in most cases. It is important to ask your cosmetic dentist how much tooth will be removed. In some cases more tooth will need to be removed, which may increase the risk of trauma to the tooth. Veneers are created from an impression taken in your cosmetic dentist's office. Your custom veneer is then glued directly onto your tooth. Typically costing less than crowns, veneers won't stain, making veneers a very popular solution for many people seeking that perfect smile. Strong and very durable, veneers last from ten to fifteen years, and come in colors that will brighten dark teeth without the worry of them changing color.
How are Tooth Veneers Attached to your Tooth?
In your first appointment, it is important to initially discuss with your cosmetic dentist that you will want to "try in" your veneers with temporary cement that is the same color cement as will be used for the permanent attachment. During this "try-in" phase, be sure to look at your veneers in natural light in addition to the office light. Teeth are prepared for veneers by lightly buffing to allow for the small added thickness of the veneer. Veneers are thin like contact lenses, and will usually only need tooth reduction of 0.5mm to 1.0mm. If a drastic change is being made for the result you want, reduction may be 1.0mm to 2.0mm. A mold is taken of the teeth, from which the veneers are modeled after. Temporary veneers will be placed and worn until your permanent veneers are ready. While wearing the temporary veneers, advise your cosmetic dentist of any adjustments or changes you would like made, such as in shape or size. These changes will be translated into your permanent veneers, so good communication between you and your dentist is important in achieving your new smile.
Your dentist places the veneers with water or glycerin on the teeth to verify their perfect fit and the shade or color. The color cannot be changed after the veneers are adhered to your teeth. The tooth is then cleansed with chemicals to achieve a durable bond. Once the glue is between the veneer and your tooth, a light beam is used to harden the glue/cement.
How much do tooth veneers cost?
Porcelain Veneers typically cost between $900 - $2,500. per tooth and require two or more visits one to two weeks apart. Veneers made of porcelain provide a greater longevity than plastic, typically ten years to fifteen years or more.
Composite Veneers cost significantly less, around $250 per tooth or more, but only last from five to seven years typically.
Generally speaking, the price of tooth veneers and whitening increases with the number of in-office treatments required by the patient. Dental insurance does not typically cover the cost of the tooth veneers procedure.
What is tooth contouring and reshaping?
Tooth reshaping, or contouring, is one of few instant treatments now available in cosmetic dentistry. Dental reshaping and contouring is a procedure to correct crooked teeth, chipped teeth, cracked teeth or even overlapping teeth in just one session.
The dental contouring procedure can even be a substitute for braces under certain circumstances. It is also a procedure of subtle changes. A few millimeters of reduction and a few millimeters of tooth-colored laminate can create a beautiful smile when performed by a cosmetic dentist, with no discomfort to you. Tooth reshaping, or dental contouring, is commonly used to alter the length, shape or position of your teeth.
Overview of tooth contouring and reshaping
Dental reshaping and contouring is a procedure to correct crooked teeth, chipped teeth, cracked teeth or even overlapping teeth in just one session. This procedure is even a substitute for braces under certain circumstances. This is also a procedure of subtle changes. A few millimeters of reduction and a few millimeters of tooth-colored can create a beautiful smile when performed by a cosmetic dentist, with no discomfort to you. Tooth reshaping, or dental contouring, is commonly used to alter the length, shape or position of your teeth.
How is tooth contouring and reshaping accomplished?
Preparation for dental contouring and reshaping is a team effort with your cosmetic dentist. Some dentists in cosmetic dentistry even use computer imaging to show you how you will look after the procedure.
Your cosmetic dentist will take x-rays to evaluate the size and location of the pulp of each tooth to ensure that there's enough bone between the teeth to support them.
The cosmetic dentist will mark your teeth with a pencil prior to performing the procedure. This helps the cosmetic dentist in their sculpting process. As your cosmetic dentist sculpts the tooth, imperfections are artfully eliminating or minimized. A sanding drill or laser may be used to remove small amounts of surface enamel gradually. Abrasive strips are then moved back and forth between your teeth to shape the actual sides of your teeth. Then the teeth are smoothed and polished. Usually anesthetic is not needed. Teeth contouring and reshaping usually takes one to three visits.
Contouring teeth may also help correct small problems with bite. It is common for bonding to be combined with tooth reshaping to achieve a beautiful smile.
Complete Dentures
These replace all of your teeth, upper or lower. Their comfort depends on muscle, bones, tongue, and saliva. Patients begin wearing conventional dentures after healing the teeth that were pulled.
Immediate Dentures
Immediate Dentures are placed all at once, and may require additional adjustments after the healing process. It can take months for your bone and tissue to stabilize after tooth extractions.
Upper Dentures
Upper Dentures, tend to be a bit easier to adjust to. These are made of the same materials as a Complete Denture, but are designed to provide you with upper teeth only.
Over Dentures
Over Dentures are a type of conventional denture similar to Complete Dentures. The difference is that not all teeth are extracted and they use one or more natural teeth for their support. This type provides greater stabilization during chewing. Over Dentures cost more and typically require more preparation dental appointments until the procedure is fully complete.
Partial Dentures
Designed to correct the gaps in your smile when only some of your teeth are missing. Metal attachments anchor the dentures to your natural teeth. Partial Dentures maintain tooth alignment by preventing your remaining teeth from shifting. Partial Dentures can also help prevent your loss of more teeth due to decay or gum disease.
Pros and Cons of a Dentures
Dentures definitely provide a great smile with a very natural appearance. They're made of very durable materials and last very long when properly taken care of. Typically dentures last from five to ten years. They also correct several problems, from speech to chewing, for many patients.
There's no doubt that dentures take a little getting used to. There is maintenance involved, and initial speech issues to overcome (these are temporary and last only a couple of days). Mouth irritation or sores may occur, but are usually caused by poor dental hygiene, and not removing your dentures when needed. It is common that your mouth change over the life of your dentures, so even though they last long, they may need to be replaced to achieve a better fit before they are worn out. With a denture a person typically chews at only 15-23% efficiency compared to a person chewing with their natural teeth. In the case of a full upper denture, the upper palate is covered which can reduce taste of foods you're chewing.
Who is a candidate for dental caps?
If you grind your teeth, have an improper bite, have fillings or tooth decay you have contributing factors to the wearing down, cracking or breakage of your teeth. Dental caps cover the entire visible surface of your affected tooth and add strength, durability and stability.
A cosmetic dentist will usually be able to identify problem areas in your mouth that might lead to tooth damage and a need for caps. Chewing patterns play a big role too. By selectively grinding the tips of your middle and back teeth (cusps) will alter your bite to reduce the stress on your at-risk teeth.
How much do dental caps cost?
Porcelain caps cost more because they are usually more time-consuming than gold caps. Porcelain and gold caps will average between $500. to $3,100. in total cost.
The relatively new reinforced resin or bonded all-porcelain type of caps cost more, and may exceed your insurance plan coverage for caps.
Usually, the price of dental caps increases with the number of in-office treatments required by the patient. Dental insurance does not typically cover all the costs of the dental cap procedure.
Types of Dental Implant Procedures
Implants rely on titanium fixtures inserted into the jawbone. Most implants are made of titanium, which is very effective at fusing with living bone (osseointegration). There are three types of dental implants which your cosmetic dentist will discuss with you:
Root Form Implant
This screw type implant is shaped like the root of a tooth. This is the most commonly used implant and is used where there is plenty of width and depth to your jawbone. If your jawbone is too narrow or short for placement of the Root Form implants, bone grafting may be needed to allow for their placement. After you've received anesthesia, your cosmetic dentist will expose an area of your jawbone and prepare the bone for the implant. The number of incisions and bone preparations depend on how many implants you need. The implant will be set into place and your gums are closed with stitches. It will take three to six months for healing. After you've fully healed, your implant is uncovered and an abutment is attached.
Plate Form Implant
If your jawbone is too narrow for bone grafting, a Plate Form implant is placed into your jawbone. The Plate Form implant is unique for this purpose as it has a flat and long shape for a better fit into a narrow jawbone. After you've received anesthesia, your cosmetic dentist will expose an area of your jawbone and prepare the bone for the implant. The number of incisions and bone preparations depend on how many implants you need. The implant will be set into place and your gums are closed with stitches. It will take three to six months for healing (some Plate Form implants are immediately ready for restoration without the long healing process).
Subperiosteal Implants
If there's not enough bone width or height for the Root Form or Plate Form implants, the Subperiosteal implant is recommended. The Subperiosteal implant is custom made to rest on top of your jawbone and under your gums like the Plate Form implant, but the Subperiosteal implant is placed through one of two special methods.
The first method of placement involves your cosmetic dentist making an impression of your jawbone. After you've received anesthesia, your cosmetic dentist exposes your jawbone and takes an impression of it. The impression is used by a dental laboratory to make a custom-fit implant for your jaw. The next procedure, after your custom-fit implant is created, is to again expose your jawbone and place the implant. Your gums are then closed with stitches and replacement teeth are installed.
The second method of placement requires a CAT scan of your jawbone. Through computer modeling techniques, a model of your jawbone is made from the CAT information. The next procedure, after your custom-fit Subperiosteal implant is created by a dental laboratory, is to again expose your jawbone and place the implant. Your gums are then closed with stitches and replacement teeth are installed.
How to choose the color of dental implants?
When considering dental implants a common question is how white the dental implants should be. Usually, the answer is to whiten your natural teeth to either the level of whiteness you want or to the brightest they can be. Your cosmetic dentist will then have the dental implants made to that color. Teeth are of course not monochromatic, so typically more than one color is used to create a very natural look. This color variation is critical in avoiding fake or artificial looking teeth. It is the internal contrast of colors that help create vitality. The internal play of light on the porcelain in the restoration helps to create this vitality. Surface texture is also very important, and helps to break up light reflections and make the dental implants look more natural.
There is no one standard system in the dental field to measure and determine tooth color. The most often heard about, however, is the Vita shade guide. This guide divides tooth color into four basic shade ranges:
A (reddish brown)
B (reddish yellow)
C (gray)
D (reddish gray).
In the A range there are five levels of darkness. Ranges B, C and D, each have four levels.
Not all of your teeth are the same natural color. Usually your eye teeth tend to be darker than the others, your front teeth are typically the whitest, and molars tend to be a shade between the two. The goal for everyone is to achieve their individual optimum whiteness while still looking natural.
Most dentists will show you a shade chart (like the above mentioned Vita Shade Guide) for you to pick from. Keep in mind, with a good cosmetic dentist this is merely a starting point. Other considerations when determining the color of dental implants for each patient are your complexion, hair color, the color of your natural teeth and even your eye color.
How is Tooth Bonding Accomplished?
A very mild etching solution is applied to your teeth to create very small crevices in the tooth's enamel structure. These small crevices provide a slightly rough surface permitting a durable resin to bond materials to your teeth. The resin is then placed on your tooth and high-intensity light cures the resins onto your tooth's surface - with each individual layer of resin hardening in just minutes. When the last coat has been applied to your tooth, the bonded material is then sculpted to fit your tooth and finely polished.
The resin comes in many shades so that we can match it to your natural teeth. Due to the layers involved, this procedure will take slightly longer than traditional silver fillings because multiple layers of the bonding material are applied. Typically bonding takes an hour to two hours depending on your particular case.
Types of Tooth Bonding Procedures
There are two types of bonding. What type is indicated in your situation depends upon whether you have a small area or a larger area that requires correction.
For small corrections
These are one appointment fillings which are color-matched to the tooth and are bonded to the surface for added strength. These are most appropriate for small fillings and front fillings as they may not be as durable for large fillings.
For larger corrections
Dental lab-created tooth-colored fillings require two appointments and involve making a mold of your teeth and placing a temporary filling. A dental laboratory then creates a very durable filling to custom-fit the mold made from your teeth. These fillings are typically made of porcelain. The custom-fit filling is then bonded to your tooth on your return visit. This type is even more natural looking, more durable and more stain resistant.
Pros and Cons of Tooth Bonding
Advantages of dental bonding:
Esthetics is the big advantage over silver fillings. As silver does not stick to teeth, entirely healthy tooth structure is usually removed to keep a silver filling in place. Composites permit your cosmetic dentist to remove only the decayed area of your tooth. Unlike silver fillings, composite bonding expand just like your teeth and are much less likely to cause cracks in your tooth. Composites bond directly to the tooth providing support. Composites can be used to fill in cracks, chips and gaps - and will match the color of your other teeth.
Disadvantages of the dental bonding procedures:
Bonding with composites simply costs more in material and time.
Overview of dental bridge procedure
If you a space from a missing tooth, a bridge will be custom made to fill in the space with a false tooth. The false tooth is attached by the bridge to the two other teeth around the space - bridging them together.
How is dental bridge accomplished?
Your cosmetic dentist will prepare your teeth on either side of the space for the false tooth. You will be given a mild anesthetic to numb the area, and the cosmetic dentist will remove the an area of each abutment (teeth on either side of the space) to accommodate for the thickness of the crown. When these teeth already have fillings, part of the filling may be left in place to help as a foundation for the crown.
The dentist will then make an impression, which will serve as the model from which the bridge, false tooth and crowns will be made by a dental laboratory. A temporary bridge will be placed for you to wear while your bridge is being made until your next visit. This temporary bridge will serve to protect your teeth and gums.
Your cosmetic dentist may have you use a Flipper appliance. A Flipper is a false tooth to temporarily take the place of a missing tooth before the permanent bridge is placed. A Flipper can be attached via either a wire or a plastic piece that fits in the roof of your mouth. Flippers are meant to be a temporary solution while awaiting the permanent bridge.
On your second appointment, the temporary bridge will be removed. Your new permanent bridge will be fitted and checked and adjusted for any bite discrepancies. Your new bridge will then be cemented to your teeth.
Types of Dental Bridge Procedures
There are three types of dental bridges:
Traditional Fixed Bridge
A dental bridge is a false tooth, known as a potic, which is fused between two porcelain crowns to fill in the area left by a missing tooth. There two crowns holding it in place that are attached onto your teeth on each side of the false tooth. This is known as a fixed bridge. This procedure is used to replace one or more missing teeth. Fixed bridges cannot be taken out of your mouth as you might do with removable partial dentures.
Resin Bonded Bridges
The resin bonded is primarily used for your front teeth. Less expensive, this bridge is best used when the abutment teeth are healthy and don't have large fillings. The false tooth is fused to metal bands that are bonded to the abutment teeth with a resin which is hidden from view. This type of bridge reduces the amount of preparation on the adjacent teeth.
Cantilever Bridges
In areas of your mouth that are under less stress, such as your front teeth, a cantilever bridge may be used. Cantilever bridges are used when there are teeth on only one side of the open space. This procedure involves anchoring the false tooth to one side over one or more natural and adjacent teeth.
Pros and Cons of a Dental Bridge
Advantages of dental bridges:
Bridges are natural in appearance, and usually require only two visits to your dentist. If you maintain good oral hygiene, your fixed bridge should last as many as ten years or more.
Disadvantages of having a dental bridge:
It is common for your teeth to be mildly sensitive to extreme temperatures for a few weeks after the treatment. The build up of bacteria formed from food acids on your teeth and gums can become infected if proper oral hygiene is not followed.
What are Tooth Crowns?
Grinding your teeth, an improper bite, age, fillings and tooth decay can all be contributing factors in the wearing down, cracking or breakage of your teeth. Dental crowns cover the entire visible surface of your affected tooth and add strength, durability and tooth stability.
Who is a candidate for Tooth Crowns?
Grinding your teeth, an improper bite, age, fillings and tooth decay can all be contributing factors in the wearing down, cracking or breakage of your teeth. Dental crowns cover the entire visible surface of your affected tooth and add strength, durability and tooth stability.
Your cosmetic dentist will usually be able to spot problem areas in your mouth that might lead to tooth damage and a need for crowns. Chewing patterns play a big role as well. By selectively grinding the tips of your middle and back teeth (called cusps) will alter your bite to reduce the stress on at-risk teeth.
In other instances, crowns are used to replace a actual missing tooth. These crowns are anchored to the teeth on either side, with a bridge section connecting the two crowns. Instead of bridges, single tooth dental implants may be used that eliminate the need for supporting the crowns.
How are Tooth Crowns Attached to your Tooth?
Your cosmetic dentist will make an impression of the tooth and a dental laboratory will create the crown. You will typically leave the office with a temporary crown to wear while the permanent crown is being made - this takes about two weeks. The permanent crown is then cemented onto your tooth. Typically, only two visits are required for this part of the procedure. Often, a preliminary restoration of your tooth may be needed before a crown can be placed. To stabilize your tooth, a filling must first be put in place prior to placing a crown due to the loss of original tooth structure. Tooth crowns usually last ten to fifteen years.
Be sure to discuss with your cosmetic dentist that the cement color used for your permanent crown will be the same as used for your temporary crown. A try in paste is used for this purpose. The color of the cement does affect the overall color of a porcelain crown, so this needs to be discussed long before your temporary crown is placed.
In some cases your cosmetic dentist may choose to use a Flipper instead of a temporary crown. A Flipper is a false tooth to temporarily take the place of a missing tooth before the permanent crown is placed. A Flipper can be attached via either a wire or a plastic piece that fits in the roof of your mouth. Flippers are meant to be a temporary solution while awaiting the permanent crown.
Pros and Cons of Dental Crowns Types
Tooth crowns in general add a good deal of strength to weakened or worn teeth. Depending on your habits and the condition of your gums, there can be some drawbacks. Your cosmetic dentist will advise which is best for you given many factors, including how important appearance is to you. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the most common crown types.
Gold Crowns
Advantage: The preparation of a tooth for a gold crown is the simplest and least complicated preparation as there is minimal tooth structure removal with as much as possible of the healthy tooth structure remaining untouched. While porcelain is hard by comparison, it may cause wear on opposing teeth over the years where gold is not as likely to do so. Gold is also easier to fit to the area where the tooth and crown meet for a better fit. Gold is also a healthier environment for the gum tissue.
Disadvantage: The biggest disadvantage to gold crowns is the cosmetic aspect, unless it is being used in the back of your mouth.
Porcelain Crowns
Advantage: Porcelain crowns or new reinforced resin are considered to be the most aesthetically pleasing, as it is so easily matched in color to the surrounding teeth.
Disadvantage: The thickness of the porcelain required for pleasing aesthetics also requires that more tooth structure needs to be removed. It is more difficult for your cosmetic dentist to get an ideal fit where your gum meets the crown. Gingival inflammation appears to be more common with porcelain crowns than gold crowns. All-porcelain crowns require a higher skill level from your dentist and lab.
Porcelain Fused-to-Metal Crowns
Advantage: Porcelain fused-to-metal crowns have a very natural appearance.
Disadvantage: They have a metal substructure and require an opaque below the porcelain. This can make the translucency of natural teeth difficult to replicate. Occasionally a darker line will be visible at the edge of the crown, near to your gum when it recedes with age.


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Doug Ford fires back at councillors: 'Have you ever smoked marijuana?'
Doug Ford angrily defended his brother Rob Ford in a dramatic moment Wednesday at city council.
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In one the most dramatic moments of Wednesday's council meeting in Toronto, Councillor Doug Ford stood up and vigorously defended his brother, Mayor Rob Ford, for his admitted drug use.
After Councillor Denzil Minnan-Wong had questioned the mayor about his crack cocaine use, the mayor's brother shot back at the man who was presenting a motion to have the mayor take a leave of absence.
Looking around at other councillors, Doug Ford shouted: "None of you have done anything wrong, ever. Never."
Then, peering directly at Minnan-Wong, Doug Ford asked point blank: "Have you ever smoked marijuana? Have you ever smoked marijuana? Have you ever smoked marijuana?"
As a murmur went through the chambers, Ford kept up his attack: "Hold it," and then repeated the question.
"Yes or no. Have you smoked marijuana?"
When Minnan-Wong didn't reply, Ford pointed at him, and said, "I guess the answer is yes."
The speaker, Frances Nunziata, tried to interject, but Ford wasn't to be silenced.
Ford asked all councillors who had ever smoked marijuana to stand up, and he suggested that everyone would be standing if they made this admission.
"Don't come across as though you're holier than thou because you're not," Ford said. "Everyone should be careful about throwing rocks in a glass house."
Soon after, Nunziata called a break to bring calm back to the chamber.
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subset: commoncrawl


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RadioMilwaukee Music Awards finalists announced
Alternative rock act Into Arcadia, singer-songwriter Tony Memmel, pop rock group Vic and Gab, alternative country act Hugh Bob and the Hustle and folk band Field Report are all up for the big prize, album of the year, at the 2012 RadioMilwaukee Music Awards, 88Nine Radio Milwaukee (WYMS-FM) has announced.
Arcadia, Report, the Hustle and Vic and Gab are also up for band of the year, along with genre-jumping rock group Sulek, for the radio station's sixth annual local music celebration. Memmel is competing with fellow singer-songwriters Hayward Williams and Wolfgang Schaefer, and hip hop artists Klassik and Dana Coppafeel, for solo artist of the year. »Read Full Blog Post
Sunday brunch at Boerner ends until 2014; Pastiche in final week of lunch service
Brunch at Boerner: Bartolotta Catering has ended its Sunday buffet brunch at Boerner Botanical Gardens, 9400 Boerner Drive, Hales Corners.
The division of the Bartolotta Restaurant Group lost its catering contract with Milwaukee County for Boerner in May. The county instead awarded the contract, effective Jan. 1, to Zilli Hospitality, which offered a higher bid. »Read Full Blog Post


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I pay for a lot of time I'm not using. I'm considering renting it out for podcasts OR even pre-recorded broadcasts. So, I'm going to talk about that.
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Join the Bougie Girl as she discusses her favorite Metaphysical podcasts.
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HEELZiggler: The Wrestling Call In Show, Ep. 269
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On this episode of the show, we talk about WWE's MITB PPV, how Seth Rollins reacted to the return of Brock Lesnar, and give big ups to Jay Lethal winning the ROH world title.Then we go over WWE Battleground, why the hell EC3 is getting a shot at Kurt Angle, and Tony C gets on me for picking Kevin Owens over John Cena. All this and a lot more on this fun-sized edition of TWCIS.
HEELZiggler.com: #TweetTheTable—Rest of the Best, Ep. 12 (June 25, 2015)
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If you're a Spanish Announce Table podcast (The American version!) listener, and you're LEGIT, then you'll listen to this bonus content, brought to you exclusively by HEELZiggler.com. #TweetTheTable #RestOfTheBest
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On this episode,we talk about the return of Roman Reigns and his new possible feud. We also go over the new PWI Top 50 females list, and we also go over some of my favorite Survivor Series teams and moments. Also, we talk about the US title getting an upgrade, Cesaro and Fandango still in the doghouse, and does Team Cena have a true shot of winning? All this and a lot more on TWCIS. For more information,visit HEELZiggler.com.
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On this episdoe we talk about the passing of Dusty Rhodes. He was truly one of the greatest of all time. Then we get into WWE Money In The Bank PPV, Bill Goldberg's in-ring return, and why the hell is GFW using a six-sided ring? Then we talk some old school WCW. Who were the best Horseman and who were the worst Horseman? All this and more on this edition of TWCIS.
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After a steady set of some of his best interviews, Ed Boston takes time to reflect on his recent shows and discusses a sudden health scare this week. Ed also remembers a couple listeners of his old podcast who both passed away last week.
While in church on Sunday morning Ed Boston expirianced a health scare that he will address in this podcast. Upon reflection - could it have been something to help Ed see the new direction God is leading this podcast and the digital media outreach?
"But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you." - John 14:26
* Music from Hillsong UNITED opens the show this week - Learn more about the new album EMPIRES here https://hillsong.com/store/products/music/united/empires
HEELZiggler.com: #TweetTheTable—Rest of the Best, Ep. 9 (June 6, 2015)
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Marriott Assistant General Manager Salaries
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All hotels in Iquique, Chile
1 room, 2 adults
Av Aeropuerto 2873, Iquique, Tarapaca, 1100000, Chile, 800-491-6126
Hotel Terrado Club, Iquique
Lowest price$109
available on 07/02/15
Best Price Guarantee
4-star hotel in Cavancha with 2 restaurants, outdoor pool
- Free buffet breakfast and WiFi
Main amenities
- 117 smoke-free guestrooms
- Near the beach
- 2 restaurants
- Outdoor pool
- Health club
- 8 meeting rooms
- Airport shuttle
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
What's around
- In Cavancha
- Arturo Prat Chacon (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- Arturo Prat University (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- Casino de Iquique (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- Las Americas Shopping Mall (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Cavancha Beach (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
Close to brava beach. Car alarms going off all night but suspect this is everywhere in…
Oher than the loud noisy street, the hotel was decent.
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 3.5
From 113 reviews
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $109
- Superior Suite (Single)
- Executive Room (Double)
- Apartment, 2 Bedrooms (Quintuple)
- Superior Suite (Double)
- Apartment, 2 Bedrooms (Quadruple)
- Executive Room (Single)
- Apartment, 1 Bedroom (Triple)
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 117 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 24 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available on request) *
- Area shuttle within 3 km *
- Shopping center shuttle *
- Casino shuttle *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Free buffet breakfast
- 2 restaurants
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
Things to do
- Outdoor pool
- Pool sun loungers
- Health club
- Steam room
- Parasailing nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Pool umbrellas
Working away
- Number of meeting rooms - 8
- Meeting rooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Wedding services
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1994
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Television in lobby
In the room
Home comforts
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
Sleep well
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium bedding
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- 32-inch LCD TV
- Premium TV channels
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
Food and drink
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Nearby hotels
Special features
DiningEl Jardin - This restaurant serves lunch and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
Hotel Terrado Club, Iquique's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Terrado Club
- Hotel Terrado Club Iquique
- Terrado Club
- Terrado Club Iquique
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Children under 10 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool without adult supervision.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: CLP 19 per accommodation, per stay
- The national sales tax (19%) is charged upon check-out to citizens of Chile regardless of length of stay and to foreigners staying in the country for 60 consecutive days or more. To qualify for a tax exemption, foreigners must pay for their stay in foreign currency (not in Chilean pesos) and present a valid passport along with the migration card they received upon arrival in the country at check-in. Furthermore, the tax may apply per room when the room is shared by a taxable and a nontaxable guest.
- Resort fee: 19 percent of room rate
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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The Zim-Mixer features a dual-chain material feed system that offers low maintenance costs and can run materials independently, eliminating material waste. The company works with customers to design custom volumetric concrete mixes that use waste products such as fly ash, silica fume, and slag, as well as soil reclamation/remediation, to meet their green mix design requirements. Zimmerman Industries Inc. 888-577-6499. www.zimmermanindustries.com
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Vandals Strike Art Display In Worcester Park
Worcester police are still looking for vandals who defaced an Elm Park sculpture display over the weekend.
Colorful Sculpture Hoisted Above Rose Kennedy Greenway
A contemporary piece of art was installed in Boston Sunday.
Brookline Artist's Sculpture To Be Displayed At Rose Kennedy Greenway
In a few weeks, a large sculpture will be on display at the Rose Kennedy Greenway Conservancy.
Virtual Tours, Lectures Mark 25 Years Since $500M Art Heist
The Boston museum where thieves stole $500 million worth of masterpieces a quarter century ago will honor the missing works by offering virtual tours.
The Best Gift Ideas To Bring Back From A Trip
This list will give you an idea of what gifts are best to bring back from a trip.
Controversial Ferguson Protest Poster Removed From Elementary School In Charlestown
A Charlestown elementary student's art poster referencing the protests in Ferguson, Mo., has been removed from display after some expressed that it sends the wrong message.
Weymouth Cancer Patient Gets Wish Granted By MFA
Donny Jo Prevost has crammed several lifetimes' worth of memories into his 63 years, but it's only as of this month, that he can finally say his biggest wish has been granted.
Agustin Patiño – Local Artist Honors Late Actor Anthony Quinn
June 28, 2014 His paintings are part of museums, private and corporate collections in Europe, the United States and Latin America! World renowned artist Agustin Patiño was born in Ecuador in 1969 and for the […]
Skateboarding Mixes With Art At The Children's Museum
Dillon Buss is as energetic and enthusiastic as they come, which works out well for this skateboarder and performance artist.
Boston Marathon Bombing Victim Finds Help In Art
A young woman injured in the Boston Marathon bombings is using art to help her heal.


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Welcome all to the 2014-15 Rail City Dart League Season!!
The End of season tournament starts next Monday night April 20th at 7:00pm at the Swanton VFW for the first round! Elite 8 singles will start at 6:00pm and we will play 2 rounds carrying over just the finals for the following week.
Good luck to all and thank you everyone for another great season!!
**Reminder** Please make sure all scoresheets are dropped off at either Shooters or Backstreet every week no later than Tuesdays!!!! All teams playing in swanton may leave the sheets at the Village Pub or Swanton VFW where ever you played that evening.
** Please write down what you get on the bottom of the scoresheets or you will not recieve credit for what you hit!!! I cannot look through 84 peoples stats every week just to find High out, high on, high numbers, high corks, and high 3 darts ! Thank You
Congratulations to this years 2014-15 Champions
Backstreet 4 !!!
2014-2015 Elite 8 Singles Champion
Lorne Langlais
Current officers; Lorne Langlais, president. Carl Shanholtzer, vice president. John Elliott, Treasurer.
Contact:Lorne (email@example.com)


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Achieving Everything: The Loremaster
***We're sorry. This guide is currently out of date. Keep checking back for updates!***
Getting Started
Once completed the player will receive the [Loremaster's Colors] (a tabard) which will arrive in the mail attached to a letter from one of the leaders of your faction. Alliance will receive a letter from Tyrande Whisperwind entitled "Greetings From Darnassus", while Horde players will receive a letter from Cairne Bloodhoof entitled "Greetings From Thunder Bluff". Players will also gain the title Loremaster which will be displayed in this format:
Loremaster <name>
In Kalimdor and Eastern Kingdoms players will be asked to complete a total number of quests across both continents with no regards to the zone. Outland and Northrend are slightly easier as the player will be required to complete a set number of quests in each zone on the continent. The number of quests needed for Kalimdor, Eastern Kingdoms, Outland, and Northrend vary from Horde to Alliance. Currently the numbers look like this:
Kalimdor - 685 Total
Eastern Kingdoms - 550 Total
Outland - 595 Total
Hellfire Peninsula - 90
Zangarmarsh - 54
Terokkar Forest - 68
Nagrand - 87
Blade's Edge Mountains - 86
Netherstorm - 120
Northrend - 875 Total
Borean Tundra - 150
Howling Fjord - 105
Dragonblight - 130
Zul'Drak - 100
Grizzly Hills - 75
Sholazar Basin - 75
Storm Peaks - 100
Icecrown - 140
Grand Total - 2,705
Kalimdor - 700 Total
Eastern Kingdoms - 700 Total
Outland - 568 Total
Hellfire Peninsula - 80
Zangarmarsh - 54
Terokkar Forest - 63
Nagrand - 75
Blade's Edge Mountains - 86
Netherstorm - 120
Northrend - 875 Total
Borean Tundra - 130
Howling Fjord - 130
Dragonblight - 115
Zul'Drak - 100
Grizzly Hills - 85
Sholazar Basin - 75
Storm Peaks - 100
Icecrown - 140
Grand Total - 2,843
Since each faction requires almost 3,000 quests to complete the Loremaster achievement, players will find that they will receive the extra bonus of gaining the title "the Seeker" which is obtained by completing 3,000 quests.
Tips and Tricks
- Make a plan. Know which continent you wish to start with first and stick with it till completion.
- While doing Kalimdor or Eastern Kingdoms, pick a starting zone to begin from such as Tirisfal Glades and go to the starting area (e.g. Deathknell) and start doing quests. Finish all quests in the area before moving on.
- Finish long running quest chains to completion. Don't stop in the middle even if you are tempted to do quests along the way. Complete the chain and the return to the area you are currently questing in.
- Keep your "Track Low Level Quests" on at all times. Check to be sure it's still on after changing forms, logging off, or zoning. Allowing this to turn off will ensure you miss quests causing unneeded frustration. This option can be selected with the tracking button on your mini map.
- Before venturing into a dungeon try to find all the quests for that particular dungeon if you can. Never do a dungeon twice if you don't have to.
- Don't be afraid to group with low level players in your zone of choice. They can share quests with you that you may have overlooked.
- Daily/Repeatable quests do not appear to count unless they have a differently named prequest that unlocks the repeatable version. So do them the first time and then move on.
- Seasonal and PvP quests do not count towards your total.
- Do not automatically dismiss faction-only locations. You may find quests for your faction here even if it is unlikely. Do not let your past knowledge of an area narrow your view.
- If you have previously wrecked your goblin reputation without finishing all the quests, fix it! You will not be able to reasonably finish this achievement without the quests the goblins offer you. If your goblin reputation is still in good standing, be sure to finish Loremaster before attempting to gain pirate reputation.
- Research, research, research. Wowhead.com is an excellent source of information. Learn to use the filters to suit your needs, such as finding those pesky item drops that start quests.
- Be prepared to bust your butt, bang your head against your desk and retrace your steps if needed. This is not meant to be an easy achievement, be ready to work for it.
Easy to Miss Quests
KalimdorBeached Sea Creatures (Alliance Only) - These poor creatures can be found along the north and south sides of Auberdine along the beach. These were easily missed in the old days before they had the handy exclamation point above them. Search these out and if you have not done them you will knock nine quests off your total.
Switching from one centaur faction to the other in Desolace will open up 4/5 more quests for you to complete. Painful, but worth it.
Reznak in Durotar will provide two easy to complete quests to Alliance players, don't miss them! He is located just south of Orgrimmar on the right hand side of the road.
Eastern KingdomsNathanos Blightcaller located just west of Darrowshire, upon a little rise will offer a rather long line of quests to Horde players who seek him out.
Tirion Fording is an out of the way NPC that can be found if you head directly north just as you enter Eastern Plaguelands (following the river). He will offer a rather large quest line to players of both factions.
For a more extensive list of often missed quests in Eastern Kingdoms and Kalimdor please visit this post on the official Blizzard forums.
Completing your Faction's (Scryer or Aldor) quests in Shadowmoon Valley will open quests in Nagrand. These quests can be picked up from Altrius the Sufferer located in western Nagrand.
The Totem of Kar'dash (Both Factions) - If you venture into Sunspring post you will find a Kurenai Captive inside one of the small buildings. There will be two brutes guarding him. Kill them and he will offer you an escort quest. No quest will appear till the two brutes are defeated.
I'm Saved! - This quest is a rather odd one as the NPC (Kristen DeMeza) that gives the quest only appears roughly once every hour, and only if someone manages to save her. This event takes place right inside the Nesingwary Safari.
The Murkblood Invasion Plans drop from the Murkblood Invaders that roam the roads in Nagrand. You will be sure to run into them at least once on your travels, kill them for these plans.
Blade's Edge Mountains
Ogri'la - An easy to miss area located in western Blade's Edge Mountains. To open this quest line you must first complete "Speak with the Ogre" which can be picked up from V'eru in Shattrath City. Once you turn in this quest you will be sent on several group quests that can easily be soloed at level 80. Completing these quests will open up the Ogri'la quest chain.
A Meeting Note can be dropped off of Wyrmcult Hewers and Wyrmcult Poachers in Blade's Edge Mountains. These mobs can be found north of the Circle of Blood. If you happen to be missing one quest this may be the culprit.
The Orb of Grishna can also be found on mobs in Blade's Edge Mountains. The Orb drops from Grishna, Falconwings, Scorncrows, Harbingers, or Matriarchs which can be found north of Raven's Wood.
They Stole ME Hookah and Me Brews! (Horde Only) - This quest comes from a dead troll (T'chali the Witch Doctor). Only his head is visible so this quest can easily be overlooked. T'chali can be found near Bloodmaul Post in Blade's Edge Mountains.
Fel Corruptors that can be found near Forge Camp: Anger in Blade's Edge Mountains will drop a Damaged Mask when killed. This Mask will lead you into a quest chain.
Gorgrom's Favor (Alliance Only) - This item drops from Dorgok who can be found north west of Ruuan Weald in Blade's Edge Mountains.
Hellfire Peninsula
Foreman Eazelcraz located just behind Thrallmar in a small cave is usually a quest giver that is overlooked. Once found he gives out four rather easy to do quests for you to complete.
The Missing Missive is another often missed quest. To start this quest you need to first find the Eroded Leather Case, which is dropped off of various mobs in the zone.
Don't forget the Outland intro chain counts towards these quests. Start the chain with "Through the Dark Portal" which can be picked up right outside the Dark Portal in the Blasted Lands.
Terokkar Forest
The Sha'tari Outpost in the southwest corner of Terokkar is easily missed, be sure to go there and knock out those quests.
Vindicator Haylen is standing all by his lonesome just southeast of Auchindoun. Find him and he will provide you with, "For the Fallen", "Return to Sha'tari Base Camp", and "Terokkarantuala"
Skywing - Find Skywing (a bird) just a bit north of Vindicator Haylen. Not only will it add to your achievement but you will gain a vanity pet after you complete it.
Escaping the Tomb - An escort quest picked up from Akuno who can be found inside the Shadow Tomb in southern Terokkar.
Escape from Firewing Point - An escort quest picked up from Isla Starmane who can be found inside the largest building in Firewing Point.
Withered Basidium - Item dropped from Withered Giants that begins a quest. The Withered Giants can be found in the Dead Mire.
"Count" Ungula's Mandible - This item starts a quest and drops from "Count" Ungula who can be found just south of the Horde town of Zabra'jin.
Sporeggar's quests do count towards this achievement. Keep in mind that as your reputation increases more quests are unlocked.
There are four items that drop in Kirin'Var Village. Don't miss these! Conjurer Luminrath drops Luminrath's Mantle, Cohlien Frostweaver drops Cohlien's Cap, Abjurist Belmara drops Belmara's Tome, and Battle-Mage Dathric drops Dathric's Blade.
Mark V is Alive! - An escort quest that can be picked up near the Ruins of Enkaat. Escort Maxx A. Million Mk. V out of the ruins to complete the quest.
Escape from the Staging Grounds - North west of Manaforge Ultris near Commander Ameer's transporter pad a friendly Captured Protectorate Vanguard will spawn. The Vanguard will be attacked by a gladiator. If you help him he will give you an escort quest.
Shadowmoon Valley
Illidari-Bane Shard - This item begins a quest, and drops from Overseer Ripsaw. Overseer Ripsaw can be found in Legion Hold.
The Journal of Val'zareq: Portends of War - This quest starts by finding the Journal of Val'zareq. This Journal drops from Val'zareq the Conqueror who can be found traveling up and down the Path of Conquest.
Borean Tundra
Coldarra (the island off the west coast of Borean Tundra) is not a different zone. The quests here count toward your Borean Tundra quests.
Iggy "Tailspin" Cogtoggle (Alliance Only) - Seek out this NPC located south west of The Geyser Fields which will provide you with an extra 5 quests under your belt.
Don't forget the Murloc quests in this zone as they can be easily overlooked! The Murlocs can be found south west of Bor'Gorok Outpost.
Howling Fjord
Trident of the Son - Given by Old Icefin who can be found on the little island in the north west of the zone.
It's a Scourge Device - This quest begins once you have acquired the Scourge Device. This item drops from the Murloc's located on Chillmere Coast. Leads to the follow up quest Bring Down Those Shields.
The Slumbering King - This quest is started by finding Mezhen's Writings. These Writings drop from Necro Overlord Mezhen who can be found outside of Gjalerbron which is located in the north of the Fjord.
The Champion's Call! - Begins the Amphitheater of Anguish quests. There are six quests in this line. This quest is obtained from Shifty Vickers who can be found in the Dalaran sewers.
Wanted: Ragemane's Flipper - Pick this quest up from a wanted poster located in Light's Breach.
Strange Mojo - This item will start a very long chain of quests and is worth finding. The Mojo drops from Champions of Sseratus, Priests of Sseratus, or Drakkari Snake Handlers all of which can be found neat the Alter of Sseratus in northern Zul'Drak.
Return to Sender - This quest can be picked up from an unfortunately dead Goblin that can be found just west of The Crystal Vice. Please note that if you have already done the quest titled Composite Ore, this quest will be unavailable to you.
Goramosh's Strange Device - Begins the quest "A Strange Device". Drops from Goramosh who can be found west of Star's Rest.
Sholazar Basin
A Timeworn Coffer - Located on the Maker's Overlook this quest is picked up from a little box next to one of the pillars.
Be sure to do BOTH the Frenzyheart and Oracle quests. This will require you to earn faction with both, then change and repeat with the opposite tribe.
Grizzly Hills
Mr. Floppy's Perilous Adventure (Alliance Only) - This quest can be picked up from Emily who is located directly north of Grizzlemaw.
The Damaged Journal - Find this Journal just outside of Thor Modan and begin a quest to collect it's pages.
Storm Peaks
The Armor of Darkness - Actually this is the 4th step in the Iron Colossus chain. Most people miss this quest because you need to get a Dark Armor Sample to drop from a Stormforged War Golem. These can be found around the Snowdrift Plains. Once you find this piece the chain continues.
SCRAP-E - This quest begins by finding the SCRAP-E Access Card which drops from Library Guardians. Library Guardians can be found between the Terrace of the Makers and the Snowdrift Plains.
Your first turn in of an Everfrost chip to the Sons of Hodir counts towards this quest line. If you are missing just one quest finding one of these may push you over the edge.
Jagged Shards - Quests begins when you loot a Jagged Shard from a Spiked Ghoul. Spiked Ghouls can be found around the Fleshworks.
I'm Not Dead Yet! -Escort quest that starts at Father Kamaros who is located on a ledge near the Fleshworks.
Avenge Me! (Horde Only) - Given from a Dying Berserker. Find one of these woundedr soldiers laying face down in The Broken Front. Speak with him and ask him how you can help and he will offer you this quest.
Useful Mods and Websites
While doing this achievement you should make use of any mods and/or websites that you can find that will aid you in your progress. I have listed several of my personal suggestions below:
Questhelper - Helps your to finish your current quests in the easiest and quickest manner. It also has a database of quests, monsters, and items allowing you to pinpoint on your map where to go to complete your quest. I personally have never had any issues with this mod, however it has been reported that it can cause in game lag.
Wowhead.com - An invaluable resource for information. This site has numerous filters you can use to see every quest in a zone. Especially useful for finding those dropped items that start quests. Learn to use it, and use it often. Wowhead search results are limited to 200, though there are more than 200 items that can begin quests. To make the most of your experience, filter your results by zone or you may miss some.
EveryQuest - In patch 3.3 Blizzard opened up the option to allow you to get your quest history from the server! This means you can finally see which quests you have completed. This mod will allow you to query the server in game, providing you a list of quests for each zone detailing which you have done, never done, and what quests you are currently working on. A must have!
Blizzard's Quest Discussion Forums- Bring these up and type in Loremaster in the search box and reap the rewards. Reading these can provide you with useful information from those who have completed the achievements and from those who are still working towards it.


text:
I have a Rails 3 app with Omniauth and Devise. I haven't been able to find a solid tutorial showing how I should write specs for testing the functionality.
What I want to achieve is to ensure that the Sign Up and Sign In forms are working... meaning users can create accounts. I also want to be sure that the Omniauth FB Connect works as well at all times.
What/how can I write test for these scenarios above?


text:
search for a card
Result of the search for the collectible card:
|Low: 0.02€
|Avg: 0.12€
|[View all]
The following 9 users match with the requested search. Click on their names to contact them.
For some advice on how to trade cards click here.
- jalopezf LV29 (Mexico)
- exodiasezwhat LV67 (United States-Massachusetts)
- kaibacorp01 LV16 (Mexico-Guanajuato)
- estratega04 LV17 (Costa Rica)
- thetwizzler LV11 (United States-Delaware)
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When you register you will be able to search for all your cards in one go, and we will send you any new results of the search every day by email.


text:
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- Programming Language: AutoIt ×
A free, portable, fast and simple C/C++ IDE35,999 weekly downloads
winPenPack: Portable Software Collection
The portable software collection4,464 weekly downloads
Fast IP Changer for Windows
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Graphical User Interface for Equalizer APO1,040 weekly downloads
** New EFI Support - The current version of Grub2Win supports both EFI and BIOS on Windows 10, 8, 7 and Vista systems ** Users who wish to run the older version of Grub2Win should click the "Files" tab at SourceForge and download "grub2win.legacy.zip". The legacy version supports XP, but will not run on EFI systems. Safely dual boot Windows and Linux. Grub2Win boots native, open source GNU grub version 2.02 code. Everything is contained in one 12 MB directory on your Windows C: drive. On EFI systems a few small modules (less than 1/2 MB total) will be installed to your EFI partition. Using the simple Windows GUI and instructions you can install Grub2Win quickly and safely. Boot time messages and help can be displayed in your native language. Select from a nearly unlimited number of OS choices. Samples for Android, Ubuntu, Suse, Fedora, Mint, BSD and Windows are included. Grub2Win has been downloaded more than 100,000 times and is used in 170 countries worldwide.1,112 weekly downloads
Auto Kindle eBook Converter
This project was originally a quick and dirty method for me to convert my ebook collection in various formats to a kindle compatible format without worrying about the ebook source type. It takes PDF, Lit, and HTML files and converts them to .mobi.474 weekly downloads
Scannt mehrseitige Dokumente (s/w)*speichert das Ergebnis als PDF in minimierter Dateigröße auf dem Desktop*Wandelt Bilddateien in PDF*Scans multipage documents (b/w)*saves the result as PDF in minimal filesize on the Desktop*Converts images to PDF464 weekly downloads
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FreeWifi Manager allows you to authenticate (without manual input identifiers into the HTML form) on the network FreeWifi. It periodically checks the status of the network connection FreeWifi and can automatically perform reauthentication.313 weekly downloads
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Be more efficicient in Adobe Lightroom! Paddy throughput more than 100% by mapping the sliders, presets, camera profiles, and any shortcut to unused keys, external Keyboards and MIDI controllers. Easy interface, equivalent to very expensive commercial solutions. Also supports Scripting in Lightroom, relative presets, ext134 weekly downloads
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A portable Windows based distribution of SVN to take with you. Put it on a removable USB Flash Drive or TrueCrypt volume (maybe even both) then GO!150 weekly downloads
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Simple program to play your favourite music from youtube with out having to manually visit it. Easy to use program that allows you to create playlist which is played over and over again. Written by Rain Oksvort.198 weekly downloads
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text:
Key points - operating
Key points capital
Manny Roman, Chief Executive Officer of Man, said:
The world economy still faces significant challenges but with reduced correlation between major asset classes and the reassertion of trends, we have seen a somewhat more stable market environment. Against this background, we saw solid performance across our three investment engines.
However, this was a disappointing quarter from a flows perspective with sales at a similar level to the previous quarter and increased redemptions, chiefly due to the loss of three sizeable low margin mandates.
Investment performance is the lifeblood of our business and in time we expect good performance to translate into flows. However, we remain cautious in our outlook as we will need a more sustained period of performance, particularly from AHL, before we see an improvement in net flows. We continue to make good progress against our key business priorities and the recently announced improvement in our capital position, together with our announcement today of the intended buyback of our debt securities, has delivered value for shareholders.
Capital and liquidity update
Following the announcement of our change in regulatory status from being a Full Scope Group to Limited Licence Group and the subsequent increase in surplus regulatory capital of up to $550 million, the Group intends to use cash to make the following changes to its capital and liquidity structure:
These changes will result in annualised pre-tax interest and coupon savings of up to $78 million from 2014 and are expected to have a slightly accretive impact on earnings per share in 2013 with a pre-tax adverse impact on the net finance expense line of up to $4.6 million and a pre-tax saving in the hybrid coupon of $8.3 million. Pro forma for the position post CRD IV implementation the changes will reduce surplus regulatory capital by up to $470 million at 1 January 2014. The impact on gross cash and net cash will be a reduction of up to approximately $1,190 million and $330 million respectively, however, the Group has a $1,525 million committed revolving credit facility (currently undrawn) available until July 2016, with $1,320 million extending to July 2017 and the possibility of a further extension to July 2018.
The impact of the changes on 2013 and 2014 interest costs and surplus regulatory capital is summarised in the table below:
*Assuming required bondholder consent
Komfie Manalo, Opalesque Asia: The European stock indexes are expected to drop significantly this week after the overwhelming "no" vote by Greece on its bailout referendum Sunday, that is seen by many as a prelude to the countrys exit (Grexit) from the eurozone.
But while the move could bite
Komfie Manalo, Opalesque Asia: A handful of hedge funds, banks and high frequency traders are paying as much as $15,000 each per month per stock symbol to technology firms that analyze over one million tweets from traders, investors and market commentators to determine their sentiments, reports
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: After a break from fund management, Robert (Bob) Discolo joined the Permal Group as Executive Vice President, Investments, on 1st July.
Permal, a pioneer in multi-manager, multi-strategy investments, was
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: The Sigma Fund Absolute Return, a global multi-strategy fund of hedge funds, has been awarded the Best Global Multi-strategy Fund prize at the Corporate LiveWire 2015 Global Fund A
In the week ending 03 July, 2015, PwC said that the alternative investment industrys assets could grow to $13.6tln within the next five years. By 2020, alt
This paper was authored by Andrew Beer, founder of Beachhead Capital Management LLC, New York. You can download the full paper here.
A recent note (
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: Together with financial advisor LiliAnn Stafford, and financial advisor associate Natalie Engelhardt, Lily Engelhardt, financial advisor, SVP, is part of the Lily Group at Morga
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva for New Managers: The founder of a New York-based systematic trading firm, which offers a hybrid between alpha strategies and alternative feta at lower fees, describes his approa
Bailey McCann, Opalesque New York: Mega private equity firm KKR is paying a $30 million settlement to the SEC over 'broken deal' expenses. The charges were announced today by the SEC and included a $10 million penalty. KKR had been in talks with the SEC over settlement of these charges s
In the week ending 26 June, 2015, HFR said that hedge fund launches
totaled 264 in 1Q15, the highest level since 2Q14, bringing the total number of hedge funds globally to 10,149. Gottex Asset has launched its Multi-Asset Growth Fund; Citadel is planning to launch a new equities business bas
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva for New Managers: An emerging CTA manager explains how he runs his strategy, which is based on an index produced by a research firm.
Peter Turk is head of
Bailey McCann, Opalesque New York: Outgoing SEC Commissioner Gallagher is taking on the SEC's role in activist corporate actions on his way out the door. At a recent speech this week, the Commissioner said it is the role of the SEC to ensure proper disclosures and let the role of activists wo
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: The New York City Opera, which is being re-launched at a new venue following bankruptcy, was famously dubbed "The People's Opera" by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia at its founding in 1943. While it is awaiting final approval from the bankruptcy court
In the week ending 19 June, 2015, Eurekahedge said that hedge fund assets have increased by US$92 billion in the first five months of 2015, with one-third of this increase coming from new investor allocations. Total industry AUM stands at a record high of US$2.23 trillion.
The SS&C GlobeOp
Matthias Knab, Opalesque for New Managers: NewAlpha Asset Management, the Paris-based global hedge fund incubation and acceleration specialist, announced today a strategic investment with Quest Global Advisors. Gre
Matthias Knab, Opalesque: EY's and The Hedge Fund Journal's biennial survey recognizes 50 female hedge fund industry leaders based on data gathered from interviews with industry experts based in Asia, the US and Europe.
"Women are now managing hundreds of billions of assets across the
Bailey McCann, Opalesque New York: Delegates at the recent Opalesque Frankfurt Roundtable say the "party is over" in infrastructure investing. Is it possible that aspect of 'Germany Inc.' may finally be slo
In the week ending 12 June, 2015, reports claimed that Asia is fast becoming a "sweet spot" for U.S. investors, as U.S. stocks are expected to lose some steam; Japan's tri
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: Due to regulatory pressure, most large institutional investors in Germany, especially insurance companies, have between 75 and 85% of their allocation in safe bonds, and eschew riskier investments. Those who could invest in alternatives are too cautious to d
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva: Some German investors still hesitate when it comes to investing in alternative investments, because such investments are perceived as risky. Participants at the recent Opalesque Ge
By Mark Hulbert: The news media are drawing all the wrong lessons from Meredith Whitneys decision this week to close down her hedge fund.
To be sure, the media are right to point out that Whitney, after a spectacularly correct forecast at the top of the bull market 2007 that banking stocks were
By: John E. Dunn, III, Principal, Oak Point Investments
Given it is now my sixth year representing several world class alternative fixed income fund managers, over this same
timeframe, just about every institutional investors I talk with has a lingering fear that sometime, somewhere interest rat
By: Don Steinbrugge, Agecroft Partners
Commodity trading advisors (CTAs) perception among investors is more divergent than any other major hedge fund strategy. A large percentage of investors view the strategy as smoke and mirrors using black box models that they cannot understand or properly e
This paper was authored by Andrew Beer, founder of Beachhead Capital Management LLC, New York. You can download the full paper here.
There is a strong argument that, on average
This paper was authored by Andrew Beer, founder of Beachhead Capital Management LLC, New York. You can
download the full paper here.
This paper was authored by Andrew Beer, founder of Beachhead Capital Management LLC, New York.
"Of course its true until everyone knows its true."
Famous economist in response to publication of Stocks for the Lo
This article was authored by Ben Hunt of Salient Partners, L.P. as general information only and should not be taken as investment advice.
I spend a lot of my time speaking with investors and financial advisors of all stripes and sizes, and heres what Im hearing, loud and clear. There
This article was authored by Stephen Loosley, Catalyst Development Ltd, a financial regulations and technology advisor in London.
Compression is a technique to reduce gross notional in your OTC book without materially affecting ri
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva for New Managers: An emerging CTA manager explains how he runs his strategy, which is based on an index produced by a research firm.
Peter Turk is head of
Benedicte Gravrand, Opalesque Geneva for New Managers: The founder of a New York-based systematic trading firm, which offers a hybrid between alpha strategies and alternative feta at lower fees, describes his approa
Komfie Manalo, Opalesque Asia: Glenview Capital Management said it bought an additional 979,482 shares
at Tenet Healthcare Corp valued at $53.80 million, raising its stakes in
the healthcare services company to 15.16%, reported
Graysons hedge funds under scrutiny for possible ethics violations
From Freebeacon.com: Rep. Alan Grayson is finding himself in hot water over managing hedge funds that bear his name, actions that are in possible violation of House ethics rules. Sitting members of Congress are prohibite
From Bloomberg.com: Hedge funds posted losses across strategies last month as uncertainty over whether Greece will remain in the euro sent global stock markets tumbling. Winton Capital Management declined about 3.1 percent in June in its $12.1 billion Winton Futures Fund, leaving it down 1.9 percent
Featuring : How non-EU managers can access Europe without being licensed under AIFMD.Andreas Wölfl, the former Head of Austrian Indices at the Vienna Stock Exchange, set up the Argentarius Group in 2004 by securitising an offshore hedge fund into a transferable security.
Argentarius is offering hed...» Watch the video
» More
Intermediate Term Trend: NegativeFriday's Close: $75.13 (- $.59 cents)UPDATE: It has been an extremely long time since the chart has depicted such a large spread between the weekly Moving Average Line and current price action.Certainly, this market can trade lower, but for the last two weeks we cautioned; traders need to be careful on selling into a current vacuum. Last week's price action was more than two dollars higher than the week before. Hardly a rally, but it's possibly the start of some stabilization in the price.


text:
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Radius: ... miles
Harty famously kick-started his career by striding into Paul Weller's Style Council auditions as a brash 16-year-old and landing the bass guitarist's slot in the legend's post-Jam incarnation.
Since then, the 43-year-old multi-instrumentalist has played with a glittering Who's Who of memorable line-ups, over 100 artistes and bands, including SpecialBeat, Badfinger and The Truth, and roped in some major talent to help with his eagerly-awaited solo project.
See more info at facebook.com/anthonyhartybaggage
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The Canadian Soccer Association is looking for a new broadcast partner.
The CSA confirmed that it and the network have mutually agreed to part ways, even though Sportsnet's broadcast deal to show Canada's national teams was set to run till the end of 2015.
As of this moment, there is no broadcast deal in place to show either the June 11 or June 16 World Cup qualifiers between Dominica and Canada.
The CSA indicated that there were issues in finding space for national-team programming on the Sportsnet networks — some of that do to increased commitments to other sports. In 2014, Rogers began the first of a 12-year, $5.2 billion deal to broadcast the National Hockey League. The company also owns the Toronto Blue Jays.
Read the rest of this entry »


text:
Nose: A wonderfully intense array of sherry notes, but it has a great youthfulness to it, and it offers up huge notes of pear, cantaloupe melon liqueur and apple peel. After a time in the glass rancio notes develop, and it reminds us in many ways of a very good, old cognac, but with considerably more depth. Come back to the nose and you'll be greeted with mouthwatering suggestions of seaside saltiness.
Palate: Very fresh, especially considering its age. Great 'Farclas notes of calves' leather and overripe grape, with a big hit of tomato stems (not what we first came up with, but for legal reasons it'll have to do), and wood varnish.
Finish: That mustiness you associate with stonkingly good sherry casked whisky, but it arrives later on in this one, with a surge of leather-bound books on mahogany shelves and touches of pepper and brandy butter.
Overall: A superb example of a very old whisky retaining an astonishing level of youth and vibrancy, whilst exhibiting a tremendously complex, utterly distinctive flavour.
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When will the winner be announced?
26th June 2011
wow a one of a kind bottling, whoever gets this has to post a review here ok?
21st May 2011


text:
Foxchase Apartments1070 Foxchase Dr., San Jose, CA 95123
- $2,220 - $3,239
- 1 - 2 Beds
Note : Prices & Availability Subject To Change
Note : Prices & Availability Subject To Change
Foxchase Apartments can be found in the heart of San Jose's Almaden Valley neighborhood. As one of California's fastest growing communities, San Jose is the center of Silicon Valley's vibrant and diverse economy and Foxchase puts you within close proximity to it all.
Our prime location puts you just minutes from shopping, dining, entertainment, parks and recreation. Within half mile of the community is the VTA Oakridge Station, providing you easy, stress free and economical access to the surrounding area and adjacent communities for work or play. Several major employers are easily accessible from Foxchase and the community's convenient location is close to all major freeways, putting you within minutes of the entire Bay area and all its business and entertainment centers. And yet, Foxchase is pleasantly secluded and seems almost in a world of its own. At Foxchase you'll love staying home.
Foxchase is located in the San Francisco Area in the 95123 zip code. View this apartment on a map.
Professionally Managed By: Klingbeil
Community Features
- 24-Hour Staff
- A Pet Lover's Sanctuary
- Bark n' Bubbles Dog Spa
- Bark Park
- Fitness/Health Center
- Pool
- Private Patios & Balconies
- Professionally Managed
- Air Conditioning
- Business Center
- Convenient Online Payments
- Covered Parking
- Large Closets
- Spa
*Note: In Select Units
Pet Policies
- Restrictions: We are a pet friendly community; the perfect place for your four legged friend! We proudly allow cats and dogs. Living at Foxchase Apartments is fun and convenient for your pets ask about our pet friendly amenities. Indoor cats welcome. Dogs welcome; size/weight, breed restrictions apply. Contact the leasing office for detailed information including deposits, fees and other requirements.
- Restrictions: Large pets accepted. Large Pet (Defined as animal greater than 45lbs full grown) is limited to 1 per apartment and Pet Rent for such 'Large Pet' is $75.00/mo. Contact the leasing office for detailed information including deposits, fees and other requirements.