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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
affects the distribution of solar power or photon energy for each wavelength of light. Variations in solar spectral power distributions impact performance of photovoltaic...
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS
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Spectral Solar Radiation Data Base at NREL
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
*In September 1991 the Solar Energy Research Institute became the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Description taken from http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/spectral/
E-Print Network [OSTI]
SPECTRAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE AND ITS ENTROPIC EFFECT ON EARTH'S CLIMATE Wei Wu1 , Yangang Liu1 of the spectral solar irradiance (SSI) at the top of the Earth's atmosphere by the Solar Radiation and Climate's entropy flux from the TOA incident solar radiation. Two extreme cases are examined by using Planck
Spectral sensitization of nanocrystalline solar cells
DOE Patents [OSTI]
This invention relates to dye sensitized polycrystalline photoelectrochemical solar cells for use in energy transduction from light to electricity. It concerns the utility of highly absorbing organic chromophores as sensitizers in such cells and the degree to which they may be utilized alone and in combination to produce an efficient photoelectrochemical cell, e.g., a regenerative solar cell.
Spitler, Mark T. (Concord, MA); Ehret, Anne (Malden, MA); Stuhl, Louis S. (Bedford, MA)
Solar spectral variations and their influence on concentrator solar cell performance
A comparative study is performed to quantify the difference in efficiency and spectral sensitivity between a tandem junction and its spectrum splitting parallel junction counterpart. Direct normal solar spectra in a ...
Broderick, Lirong Z.
of Contents and more related content is available Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), we investigate the reliability of spectral associating softhardharder (SHH) spectral behavior with energetic proton events, and confirmation
California at Berkeley, University of
Correlation of Spectral Solar Irradiance with solar activity as measured by VIRGO
Context. The variability of Solar Spectral Irradiance over the rotational period and its trend over the solar activity cycle are important for understanding the Sun-Earth connection as well as for observational constraints for solar models. Recently the SIM experiment on SORCE has published an unexpected negative correlation with Total Solar Irradiance of the visible spectral range. It is compensated by a strong and positive variability of the near UV range. Aims. We aim to verify whether the anti-correlated SIM/SORCE-trend in the visible can be confirmed by independent observations of the VIRGO experiment on SOHO. The challenge of all space experiments measuring solar irradiance are sensitivity changes of their sensors due to exposure to intense UV radiation, which are difficult to assess in orbit. Methods. We analyze a 10-year time series of VIRGO sun photometer data between 2002 and 2012. The variability of Spectral Solar Irradiance is correlated with the variability of the Total Solar Irradiance, which is...
Wehrli, C; Shapiro, A I
Solar Radio Bursts with Spectral Fine Structures in Preflares
A good observation of preflare activities is important for us to understand the origin and triggering mechanism of solar flares, and to predict the occurrence of solar flares. This work presents the characteristics of microwave spectral fine structures as preflare activities of four solar flares observed by Ond\\v{r}ejov radio spectrograph in the frequency range of 0.8--2.0 GHz. We found that these microwave bursts which occurred 1--4 minutes before the onset of flares have spectral fine structures with relatively weak intensities and very short timescales. They include microwave quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) with very short period of 0.1-0.3 s and dot bursts with millisecond timescales and narrow frequency bandwidths. Accompanying these microwave bursts, there are filament motions, plasma ejection or loop brightening on the EUV imaging observations and non-thermal hard X-ray emission enhancements observed by RHESSI. These facts may reveal certain independent non-thermal energy releasing processes and partic...
Zhang, Yin; Karlick�, Marian; M�sz�rosov�, Hana; Huang, Jing; Tan, Chengming; Sim�es, Paulo
Photovoltaic conversion in a common solar concentrating and spectrally splitting system
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Several solar energy conversion processes can be utilized simultaneously using a common solar collector if the solar radiation is appropriately spectrally split. A concentrating and splitting system based on a Cassegrainian design may be used for photovoltaic energy conversion nd simultaneously for an additional energy conversion process such as for laser pumping that requires concentration. The spectral splitting may be achieved by a dichroic mirror for the secondary mirror of the Cassegrain. This approach was realized to study solar cells at different concentration, solar spectrum and temperatures.
Yehezkel, N.; Appelbaum, J. [Tel-Aviv Univ. (Israel). Faculty of Engineering; Yogev, A. [Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
SHAPE AND POSE RECOVERY OF SOLAR-ILLUMINATED SURFACES FROM COMPRESSIVE SPECTRAL-POLARIMETRIC IMAGE-polarimetric spatial im- age data from a solar-illuminated reflecting surface to recover its material signature, three, segmentation, and composition. For example, a typical solar-illuminated man-made satellite consists
Plemmons, Robert J.
Regularized energy-dependent solar flare hard x-ray spectral index
The deduction from solar flare X-ray photon spectroscopic data of the energy dependent model-independent spectral index is considered as an inverse problem. Using the well developed regularization approach we analyze the energy dependency of spectral index for a high resolution energy spectrum provided by Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The regularization technique produces much smoother derivatives while avoiding additional errors typical of finite differences. It is shown that observations imply a spectral index varying significantly with energy, in a way that also varies with time as the flare progresses. The implications of these findings are discussed in the solar flare context.
Eduard P. Kontar; Alexander L. MacKinnon
Results from Infrared Spectral Observation of 1991 Total Solar Eclipse Hui Li and Jianqi You
et al. 1992; Deming et al. 1992; Sime and Streete 1993). The solar eclipse observation team of ChinaResults from Infrared Spectral Observation of 1991 Total Solar Eclipse Hui Li and Jianqi You Purple Mountain Observatory, CAS, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China Abstract. We describe in this paper the data
Li, Hui
The spectral distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation at the ground
Measurements of spectral UV irradiance were made at Sutton Bonington and other sites in Saudi Arabia using a spectroradiometric system developed in this study. On clear days a linear relation between the logarithm of global irradiance I[sub [lambda
Albar, O.F.
ELECTRON FLUX SPECTRAL IMAGING OF SOLAR FLARES THROUGH REGULARIZED ANALYSIS OF HARD X-RAY SOURCE a new method for imaging spectroscopy analysis of hard X-ray emission during solar flares. The method.e., the two-dimensional spatial Fourier transforms of the spectral image) to obtain smoothed (regularized
Piana, Michele
Point-focus spectral splitting solar concentrator for multiple cells concentrating photovoltaic system
In this paper we present and experimentally validate a low-cost design of a spectral splitting concentrator for the efficient conversion of solar energy. The optical device consists of a dispersive prismatic lens made of polycarbonate designed to simultaneously concentrate the solar light and split it into its spectral components. With respect to our previous implementation, this device concentrates the light along two axes and generates a light pattern compatible with the dimensions of a set of concentrating photovoltaic cells while providing a higher concentration ratio. The mathematical framework and the constructive approach used for the design are presented and the device performance is simulated using ray-tracing software. We obtain spectral separation in the visible range within a 3x1 cm2 area and a maximum concentration of 210x for a single wavelength. The device is fabricated by injection molding and its performance is experimentally investigated. We measure an optical transmissivity above 90% in the...
Maragliano, Carlo; Stefancich, Marco
Solar radius determination from SODISM/PICARD and HMI/SDO observations of the decrease of the spectral solar radiance during the June
Solar radius determination from SODISM/PICARD and HMI/SDO observations of the decrease of the spectral solar radiance during the June 2012 Venus transit A. Hauchecorne1 , M. Meftah1 , A. Irbah1 , S of Venus provided a rare opportunity to determine the radius of the Sun using solar imagers observing
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
The influence of stratus, stratocumulus, and altocumulus clouds on the spectral distribution of solar radiation over Antarctic waters
ON TEE I I ! 1 INFLUENCE OF STRATUS& STRATOCUMULUS, AND ALTOCUMULUS CLOUDS SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION OVER ANTARCTIC WATERS A Thesis by JAMES EUGENE PETTETT Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ARM University... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MASTER OF SCIENCE degree of August 1973 Major Subjett: Meteorology THE INFLUENCE OF STRATUS, STRATOCUMULUS, AND ALTOCUMULUS CLOUDS ON THE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION OVER ANTARCTIC WATERS...
Pettett, James Eugene
Recently, analysis of solar spectra obtained with the EUV Imaging Spectrograph (EIS) onboard the Hinode satellite has revealed the ubiquitous presence of asymmetries in transition region (TR) and coronal spectral line profiles. These asymmetries have been observed especially at the footpoints of coronal loops and have been associated with strong upflows that may play a significant role in providing the corona with hot plasma. Here, we perform a detailed study of the various processes that can lead to spectral line asymmetries, using both simple forward models and state-of-the-art three-dimensional radiative MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere using the Bifrost code. We describe a novel technique to determine the presence and properties of faint secondary components in the wings of spectral line profiles. This method is based on least-squares fitting of observed so-called R(ed)B(lue) asymmetry profiles with pre-calculated RB asymmetry profiles for a wide variety of secondary component properties. We illustrate how this method could be used to perform reliable double Gaussian fits that are not over- or under-constrained. We also find that spectral line asymmetries appear in TR and coronal lines that are synthesized from our three-dimensional MHD simulations. Our models show that the spectral asymmetries are a sensitive measure of the velocity gradient with height in the TR of coronal loops. The modeled TR shows a large gradient of velocity that increases with height: this occurs as a consequence of ubiquitous, episodic heating at low heights in the model atmosphere. We show that the contribution function of spectral lines as a function of temperature is critical for sensitivity to velocity gradients and thus line asymmetries: lines that are formed over a temperature range that includes most of the TR are the most sensitive. As a result, lines from lithium-like ions (e.g., O VI) are found to be the most sensitive to line asymmetries. We compare the simulated line profiles directly with line profiles observed in the quiet Sun with SOHO/SUMER and Hinode/EIS and find that the shape of the profiles is very similar. In addition, the simulated profiles with the strongest blueward asymmetry occur in footpoint regions of coronal loops, which is similar to what we observe with SUMER and EIS. There is however a significant discrepancy between the simulations and observations: the simulated RB asymmetries are an order of magnitude smaller than the observations. We discuss the possible reasons for this discrepancy. In summary, our analysis shows that observations of spectral line asymmetries can provide a powerful new diagnostic to help constrain coronal heating models.
MartInez-Sykora, Juan; De Pontieu, Bart [Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States); Hansteen, Viggo [Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo (Norway); McIntosh, Scott W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 (United States)
The observed hard X-ray and {gamma}-ray continuum in solar flares is interpreted as Bremsstrahlung emission of accelerated non-thermal electrons. It has been noted for a long time that in many flares the energy spectra show hardening at energies around or above 300 keV. In this paper, we first conduct a survey of spectral hardening events that were previously studied in the literature. We then perform a systematic examination of 185 flares from the Solar Maximum Mission. We identify 23 electron-dominated events whose energy spectra show clear double power laws. A statistical study of these events shows that the spectral index below the break ({gamma}{sub 1}) anti-correlates with the break energy ({epsilon}{sub b}). Furthermore, {gamma}{sub 1} also anti-correlates with Fr, the fraction of photons above the break compared to the total photons. A hardening spectrum, as well as the correlations between ({gamma}{sub 1}, {epsilon}{sub b}) and ({gamma}{sub 1}, Fr), provide stringent constraints on the underlying electron acceleration mechanism. Our results support a recent proposal that electrons are being accelerated diffusively at a flare termination shock with a width of the order of an ion inertial length scale.
Kong, X.; Chen, Y. [Institute of Space Sciences and School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209 (China); Li, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 (United States)
Effects of Spectral Error in Efficiency Measurements of GaInAs-Based Concentrator Solar Cells
This technical report documents a particular error in efficiency measurements of triple-absorber concentrator solar cells caused by incorrect spectral irradiance -- specifically, one that occurs when the irradiance from unfiltered, pulsed xenon solar simulators into the GaInAs bottom subcell is too high. For cells designed so that the light-generated photocurrents in the three subcells are nearly equal, this condition can cause a large increase in the measured fill factor, which, in turn, causes a significant artificial increase in the efficiency. The error is readily apparent when the data under concentration are compared to measurements with correctly balanced photocurrents, and manifests itself as discontinuities in plots of fill factor and efficiency versus concentration ratio. In this work, we simulate the magnitudes and effects of this error with a device-level model of two concentrator cell designs, and demonstrate how a new Spectrolab, Inc., Model 460 Tunable-High Intensity Pulsed Solar Simulator (T-HIPSS) can mitigate the error.
Osterwald, C. R.; Wanlass, M. W.; Moriarty, T.; Steiner, M. A.; Emery, K. A.
Spectral effects simulation with two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of the solar photosphere
To study the structure of spatially unresolved features of the solar photosphere, we calculated the Stokes profiles of seven photospheric iron lines using two-dimensional nonstationary MHD models of solar granulation for various amounts of magnetic flux (0, 10, 20, 30 mT). We investigate variations in the absolute wavelength shifts and bisectors of the I profiles, as well as variations in the zero-crossing wavelength shifts, amplitude and area asymmetry of the V profiles as functions of magnetic field strength and time. The center-to-limb variations of the Stokes profiles are analyzed. The iron abundance is found to be 7.57, with the photosphere inhomogeneities taken into account. Although most of the spectral effects simulated within the scope of the two-dimensional MHD models are in satisfactory agreement with observational data, these models cannot always give a quantitative agreement. The absolute wavelength shifts of the Stokes profiles of Fe II lines calculated with the MHD models are substantially smal...
Atroshchenko, I N; 10.3103/50884591305030022
A new parameterization of canopy spectral response to incident solar radiation: case study with hyperspectral data from pine dominant forest
A new parameterization of canopy spectral response to incident solar radiation: case study, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland c Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland d VTT Automation, Remote Sensing Group, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland Received 27
Myneni, Ranga B.
Spectrally selective beam splitters designed to decouple quantum and thermal solar energy conversion in hybrid concentrating systems: Final report, Phase 1 and 2
The technical feasibility and flexibility of developing elements that separate concentrated solar irradiation into specific spectral regions matched to specific photoquantum processes have been shown. These elements, spectrally selective beam splitters or filters, are designed to decouple quantum and thermal solar energy conversion in hybrid concentrating systems. Both interference filters and liquid absorption filters were investigated for use as spectrally selective beam splitters. Spectral selectivity is investigated for a variety of quantum systems with various spectral windows utilizing interference and absorption filters designed. Detailed analysis of one typical quantum system is provided consisting of a model of the silicon cell photovoltaic/photothermal hybrid system using spectral selectivity. The performance benefits of this approach are shown. Interference filters show the greatest flexibility and ability to match specific spectral windows. Liquid absorption filters appear to be a lower cost option, when an appropriate spectrally selective solution that can be used as a heat transfer fluid is available. 18 refs., 88 figs., 9 tabs.
Osborn, D.E.
The Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 Test of Surfaces in the Outer Solar System: Spectral Variation on Kuiper Belt Objects
Here we present additional photometry of targets observed as part of the Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 Test of Surfaces in the Outer Solar System. 12 targets were re-observed with the Wide Field Camera 3 in optical and NIR wavebands designed to compliment those used during the first visit. Additionally, all observations originally presented by Fraser and Brown (2012) were reanalyzed through the same updated photometry pipeline. A reanalysis of the optical and NIR colour distribution reveals a bifurcated optical colour distribution and only two identifiable spectral classes, each of which occupies a broad range of colours and have correlated optical and NIR colours, in agreement with our previous findings. We report the detection of significant spectral variations on 5 targets which cannot be attributed to photometry errors, cosmic rays, point spread function or sensitivity variations, or other image artifacts capable of explaining the magnitude of the variation. The spectrally variable objects are found to have ...
Fraser, Wesley C; Glass, Florian
Multi-scale comparative spectral analysis of satellite total solar irradiance measurements from 2003 to 2013 reveals a planetary modulation of solar activity and its non-linear dependence on the 11-year solar cycle
Herein we adopt a multi-scale dynamical spectral analysis technique to compare and study the dynamical evolution of the harmonic components of the overlapping ACRIMSAT/ACRIM3, SOHO/VIRGO and SORCE/TIM total solar irradiance (TSI) records during 2003.15 to 2013.16 in solar cycles 23 and 24. The three TSI time series present highly correlated patterns. Significant power spectral peaks are common to these records and are observed at the following periods: 0.070 year, 0.097 year, 0.20 year, 0.25 year, 0.30-0.34 year, 0.39 year. Less certain spectral peaks occur at about 0.55 year, 0.60-0.65 year and 0.7-0.9 year. Four main frequency periods at 24.8 days (0.068 year), 27.3 days (0.075 year), at 34-35 days (0.093-0.096 year) and 36-38 days (0.099-0.104 year) characterize the solar rotation cycle. The amplitude of these oscillations, in particular of those with periods larger than 0.5 year, appears to be modulated by the 11-year solar cycle. Similar harmonics have been found in other solar indices. The observed periodicities are found highly coherent with the spring, orbital and synodic periods of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Jupiter. We conclude that solar activity is likely modulated by planetary gravitational and electromagnetic forces acting on the sun. The strength of the sun's response to planetary forcing depends non-linearly on the state of internal solar dynamics: planetary-sun coupling effects are enhanced during solar activity maxima and attenuated during minima.
Nicola Scafetta; Richard C. Willson
Single element spectral splitting solar concentrator for multiple cells CPV system
Shockley Read Hall equation poses a limit to the maximum conversion efficiency of broadband solar radiation attainable by means of a single bandgap converter. A possible approach to overcome such a limit is to convert ...
Stefancich, Marco
Spectral Slope Variation at Proton Scales from Fast to Slow Solar Wind
We investigated the behavior of the spectral slope of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations at proton scales for selected high resolution time intervals from WIND and MESSENGER spacecraft at $1$ AU and $0.56$ AU, respectively. The analysis was performed within the profile of high speed streams, moving from fast to slow wind regions. The spectral slope showed a large variability between $-3.75$ and $-1.75$ and a robust tendency for this parameter to be steeper within the trailing edge where the speed is higher and to be flatter within the subsequent slower wind, following a gradual transition between these two states. The value of the spectral index seems to depend firmly on the power associated to the fluctuations within the inertial range, higher the power steeper the slope. Our result support previous analyses suggesting that there must be some response of the dissipation mechanism to the level of the energy transfer rate along the inertial range.
Bruno, R; Telloni, D
Optical Spectral Observations of a Flickering White-Light Kernel in a C1 Solar Flare
We analyze optical spectra of a two-ribbon, long duration C1.1 flare that occurred on 18 Aug 2011 within AR 11271 (SOL2011-08-18T15:15). The impulsive phase of the flare was observed with a comprehensive set of space-borne and ground-based instruments, which provide a range of unique diagnostics of the lower flaring atmosphere. Here we report the detection of enhanced continuum emission, observed in low-resolution spectra from 3600 \\AA\\ to 4550 \\AA\\ acquired with the Horizontal Spectrograph at the Dunn Solar Telescope. A small, $\\le$0''.5 ($10^{15}$ cm$^2$) penumbral/umbral kernel brightens repeatedly in the optical continuum and chromospheric emission lines, similar to the temporal characteristics of the hard X-ray variation as detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi spacecraft. Radiative-hydrodynamic flare models that employ a nonthermal electron beam energy flux high enough to produce the optical contrast in our flare spectra would predict a large Balmer jump in emission, indicative of h...
Kowalski, Adam F; Fletcher, Lyndsay
Geometries, Electronic Structures, And Spectral Properties Of Some Metal Free Phthalonitrile Derivatives For Enhancement Of The Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
New technologies for direct solar energy conversion have gained more attention in the last few years. In particular, Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are promising in terms of efficiency and low cost [1,2]. Benefited from systematic device engineering and continuous material innovation, a state of the art DSC with a ruthenium sensitizer has achieved a validated efficiency of 11.1%[3] measured under the air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) conditions.The optimized geometries of the 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are shown in Fig. 1(a). The frontier molecular orbitals (MO) energies of the dyes 3, 4 Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Nitrophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are shown in Fig. 1(b). The HOMO-LUMO gap of the dye 3, 4 Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile in vacuum is 5.96 eV, 5.54 eV, 5.57 eV, 5.76 eV respectively. The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of dyes 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile were studied by using density functional theory with hybrid functional B3LYP, and the UV-Vis spectra were investigated by using TDDFT methods. The NBO results suggest that 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are all (D-pi-A) systems. The calculated isotropic polarizability of 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile is. 85.76, 112.72, 26.63 and 115.13 a.u., respectively. The calculated polarizability anisotropy invariant of 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile is 74.451, 83.533, 62.653 and 88.526 a.u., respectively. The hyperpolarizabilities of 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile is 0.80628, 5.60646, 7.7979 and 1.86216 (in a.u.), respectively. The frequencies of strongest IR absorption for 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are 1614 cm{sup -1}, 290 cm{sup -1}, 387 cm{sup -1} and 846 cm{sup -1} and the frequencies of strongest Raman activity for 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are 2345 cm{sup -1}, 2338 cm{sup -1},2329 cm{sup -1}, 2337cm{sup -1}, respectively. The electronic absorption spectral features in visible and near-UV region were assigned based on the qualitative agreement to TDDFT calculations. The absorptions are all ascribed to {pi}{yields}{pi}* transition. The three excited states with the lowest excited energies of 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile are photoinduced electron transfer processes that contributes sensitization of photo-to-current conversion processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO{sub 2} electrode and dye sensitizer 3, 4- Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile is electron injection process from excited dyes as donor to the semiconductor conduction band. Based on the comparative analysis of geometries, electronic structures, and spectrum properties between 3, 4-Pyridinedicarbonitrile, 3-Aminophthalonitrile, 4-Aminophthalonitrile and 4-Methylphthalonitrile the role of amide and methyl groups in phthalonitrile is as follows: it enlarged the distance between electron donor group and semiconductor surface, and decreased the timescale of the electron injection rate, resulted in giving lower conversion efficiency. This indicates that the choice of the appropriate conjugate bridge in dye sensitizer is very important to enhance the performance of DSSC.
Anbarasan, P. M. [Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamilnadu (India)
Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at the earth's surface for cloudless atmospheres
A new, simple model for calculating clear-sky direct and diffuse spectral irradiance on horizontal and tilted surfaces is presented. The model is based on previously reported simple algorithms and on comparisons with rigorous radiative transfer calculations and limited outdoor measurements. Equations for direct normal irradiance are outlined; and include: Raleigh scattering; aerosol scattering and absorption; water vapor absorption; and ozone and uniformly mixed gas absorption. Inputs to the model include solar zenith angle, collector tilt angle, atmospheric turbidity, amount of ozone and precipitable water vapor, surface pressure, and ground albedo. The model calculates terrestrial spectra from 0.3 to 4.0 ..mu..m with approximately 10 nm resolution. A major goal of this work is to provide researchers with the capability to calculate spectral irradiance for different atmospheric conditions and different collector geometries using microcomputers. A listing of the computer program is provided.
Bird, R.; Riordan, C.
Spectral line width decrease in the solar corona: resonant energy conversion from Alfv{�}n to acoustic waves
Observations reveal an increase with height of the line width of several coronal spectral lines probably caused by outwardly propagating Alfv{\\'e}n waves. However, the spectral line width sometimes shows a sudden decrease at a height 0.1-0.2 R, where the ratio of sound to Alfven speeds may approach unity. Qualitative analysis shows that the resonant energy conversion from Alfven to acoustic waves near the region of the corona where the plasma $\\beta$ approaches unity may explain the observed spectral line width reduction.
T. V. Zaqarashvili; R. Oliver; J. L. Ballester
Spectrally selective glazings
Spectrally selective glazing is window glass that permits some portions of the solar spectrum to enter a building while blocking others. This high-performance glazing admits as much daylight as possible while preventing transmission of as much solar heat as possible. By controlling solar heat gains in summer, preventing loss of interior heat in winter, and allowing occupants to reduce electric lighting use by making maximum use of daylight, spectrally selective glazing significantly reduces building energy consumption and peak demand. Because new spectrally selective glazings can have a virtually clear appearance, they admit more daylight and permit much brighter, more open views to the outside while still providing the solar control of the dark, reflective energy-efficient glass of the past. This Federal Technology Alert provides detailed information and procedures for Federal energy managers to consider spectrally selective glazings. The principle of spectrally selective glazings is explained. Benefits related to energy efficiency and other architectural criteria are delineated. Guidelines are provided for appropriate application of spectrally selective glazing, and step-by-step instructions are given for estimating energy savings. Case studies are also presented to illustrate actual costs and energy savings. Current manufacturers, technology users, and references for further reading are included for users who have questions not fully addressed here.
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 91 (2007) 15991610 Improving solar cell efficiency using photonic band-gap materials
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 91 (2007) 15991610 Improving solar cell efficiency using) solar energy conversion systems (or solar cells) are the most widely used power systems. However and reliable solar-cell devices is presented. We show that due their ability to modify the spectral and angular
Dowling, Jonathan P.
Quantitative Analysis of Spectral Impacts on Silicon Photodiode Radiometers
Inexpensive broadband pyranometers with silicon photodiode detectors have a non-uniform spectral response over the spectral range of 300-1100 nm. The response region includes only about 70% to 75% of the total energy in the terrestrial solar spectral distribution from 300 nm to 4000 nm. The solar spectrum constantly changes with solar position and atmospheric conditions. Relative spectral distributions of diffuse hemispherical irradiance sky radiation and total global hemispherical irradiance are drastically different. This analysis convolves a typical photodiode response with SMARTS 2.9.5 spectral model spectra for different sites and atmospheric conditions. Differences in solar component spectra lead to differences on the order of 2% in global hemispherical and 5% or more in diffuse hemispherical irradiances from silicon radiometers. The result is that errors of more than 7% can occur in the computation of direct normal irradiance from global hemispherical irradiance and diffuse hemispherical irradiance using these radiometers.
Myers, D. R.
Quantitative Analysis of Spectral Impacts on Silicon Photodiode Radiometers: Preprint
Low-Cost Spectral Sensor Development Description.
Solar spectral data for all parts of the US is limited due in part to the high cost of commercial spectrometers. Solar spectral information is necessary for accurate photovoltaic (PV) performance forecasting, especially for large utility-scale PV installations. A low-cost solar spectral sensor would address the obstacles and needs. In this report, a novel low-cost, discrete- band sensor device, comprised of five narrow-band sensors, is described. The hardware is comprised of commercial-off-the-shelf components to keep the cost low. Data processing algorithms were developed and are being refined for robustness. PV module short-circuit current ( I sc ) prediction methods were developed based on interaction-terms regression methodology and spectrum reconstruction methodology for computing I sc . The results suggest the computed spectrum using the reconstruction method agreed well with the measured spectrum from the wide-band spectrometer (RMS error of 38.2 W/m 2 -nm). Further analysis of computed I sc found a close correspondence of 0.05 A RMS error. The goal is for ubiquitous adoption of the low-cost spectral sensor in solar PV and other applications such as weather forecasting.
Armijo, Kenneth Miguel; Yellowhair, Julius
Photovoltaic nanocrystal scintillators hybridized on Si solar cells
Photovoltaic nanocrystal scintillators hybridized on Si solar cells for enhanced firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: We propose and demonstrate semiconductor nanocrystal based photovoltaic scintillators integrated on solar cells to enhance photovoltaic device parameters including spectral responsivity, open circuit
Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Solar Rights
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
In June 2010, Louisiana enacted solar rights legislation (HB 751) that prohibits certain entities from unreasonably restricting a property owner from installing a solar collector. Solar collectors...
Solar Radiation Resource Assessment Project. Program overview of fiscal year 1993
The mission of the Solar Radiation Resource Assessment Project is to provide essential information about the solar radiation resource to users and planners of solar technologies so that they can make informed and timely decisions concerning applications of those technologies. The project team accomplishes this by producing and disseminating relevant and reliable information about solar radiation. Topics include: Variability of solar radiation, measurements of solar radiation, spectral distribution of solar radiation, and assessment of the solar resource. FY 1993 accomplishments are detailed.
Not Available
Method to analyze remotely sensed spectral data
A fast and rigorous multivariate curve resolution (MCR) algorithm is applied to remotely sensed spectral data. The algorithm is applicable in the solar-reflective spectral region, comprising the visible to the shortwave infrared (ranging from approximately 0.4 to 2.5 .mu.m), midwave infrared, and thermal emission spectral region, comprising the thermal infrared (ranging from approximately 8 to 15 .mu.m). For example, employing minimal a priori knowledge, notably non-negativity constraints on the extracted endmember profiles and a constant abundance constraint for the atmospheric upwelling component, MCR can be used to successfully compensate thermal infrared hyperspectral images for atmospheric upwelling and, thereby, transmittance effects. Further, MCR can accurately estimate the relative spectral absorption coefficients and thermal contrast distribution of a gas plume component near the minimum detectable quantity.
Stork, Christopher L. (Albuquerque, NM); Van Benthem, Mark H. (Middletown, DE)
Advances in Solar Radiometry and Metrology
The Solar Radiometry and Metrology task at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provides traceable optical radiometric calibrations and measurements to photovoltaic (PV) researchers and the PV industry. Traceability of NREL solar radiometer calibrations to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) was accomplished during the NREL Pyrheliometer Comparison in October 2003. The task has calibrated 10 spectral and more than 180 broadband radiometers for solar measurements. Other accomplishments include characterization of pyranometer thermal offset errors with laboratory and spectral modeling tools; developing a simple scheme to correct pyranometer data for known responsivity variations; and measuring detailed spectral distributions of the NREL High Intensity Pulsed Solar Simulator (HIPSS) as a function of lamp voltage and time. The optical metrology functions support the NREL Measurement and Characterization Task effort for ISO 17025 accreditation of NREL Solar Reference Cell Calibrations. Optical metrology functions have been integrated into the NREL quality system and audited for ISO17025 compliance.
Myers, D.; Andreas, A.; Reda, I.; Gotseff, P.; Wilcox, S.; Stoffel, T.; Anderberg, M.
Solar Easements
New Hampshire's "solar skyspace easement" provisions allow property owners to create solar easements in order to create and preserve a right to unobstructed access to solar energy. Easements remain...
Virginia's solar easement law is similar to those in effect in other states. The Virginia Solar Easements Act of 1978 allows property owners to create binding solar easements for the purpose of...
On solar neutrino fluxes in radiochemical experiments
We analyze fluctuations of the solar neutrino flux using data from the Homestake, GALLEX, GNO, SAGE and Super Kamiokande experiments. Spectral analysis and direct quantitative estimations show that the most stable variation of the solar neutrino flux is a quasi-five-year periodicity. The revised values of the mean solar neutrino flux are presented in Table 4. They were used to estimate the observed pp-flux of the solar electron neutrinos near the Earth. We consider two alternative explanations for the origin of a variable component of the solar neutrino deficit.
R. N. Ikhsanov; Yu. N. Gnedin; E. V. Miletsky
Estimating Unmeasured Solar Radiation Quantities . . . . . .Appendix C - Appendix 0 - Solar Radiation Glossary. ConversSolar Data a. Solar Radiation. , , . , . . , , , , . , . . .
Berdahl, P.
Community Shared Solar with Solarize
An overview of the concept behind The Solarize Guidebook, which offers neighborhoods a plan for getting volume discounts when making group purchases of rooftop solar energy systems.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure),...
Indoor and Outdoor Spectroradiometer Intercomparison for Spectral Irradiance Measurement
This report details the global spectral irradiance intercomparison using spectroradiometers that was organized by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Solar Radiation Research Laboratory. The intercomparison was performed both indoors and outdoors on September 17, 2013. Five laboratories participated in the intercomparison using 10 spectroradiometers, and a coordinated measurement setup and a common platform were employed to compare spectral irradiances under both indoor and outdoor conditions. The intercomparison aimed to understand the performance of the different spectroradiometers and to share knowledge in making spectral irradiance measurements. This intercomparison was the first of its kind in the United States.
Habte, A.; Andreas, A.; Ottoson, L.; Gueymard, C.; Fedor, G.; Fowler, S.; Peterson, J.; Naranen, R.; Kobashi, T.; Akiyama, A.; Takagi, S.
Fiscal Year 2005 Solar Radiometry and Metrology Task Accomplishments
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Solar Radiometry and Metrology task provides traceable optical radiometric calibrations and measurements to photovoltaic (PV) researchers and the PV industry. Traceability of NREL solar radiometer calibrations to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) was accomplished during Pyrheliometer Comparison at NREL in October 2004. Ten spectral and more than 200 broadband radiometers for solar measurements were calibrated this year. We measured detailed spectral distributions of the NREL and PV industry Pulsed Solar Simulators and are analyzing the influence of environmental variables on radiometer uncertainty. New systems for indoor and outdoor solar radiometer calibrations and ultraviolet (UV) spectral measurements and UV radiometer calibrations were purchased and tested. Optical metrology functions support the NREL Measurement and Characterization Task effort for ISO 17025 accreditation of NREL Solar Reference Cell Calibrations and have been integrated into the NREL quality system and audited for ISO17025 compliance.
Myers, D.; Andreas, A.; Reda, I.; Gotseff, P.; Wilcox, S.; Stoffel, T.; Anderberg, M.; Kay, B.; Bowen, A.
Thermophotovoltaic Spectral Control
Spectral control is a key technology for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) direct energy conversion systems because only a fraction (typically less than 25%) of the incident thermal radiation has energy exceeding the diode bandgap energy, E{sub g}, and can thus be converted to electricity. The goal for TPV spectral control in most applications is twofold: (1) Maximize TPV efficiency by minimizing transfer of low energy, below bandgap photons from the radiator to the TPV diode. (2) Maximize TPV surface power density by maximizing transfer of high energy, above bandgap photons from the radiator to the TPV diode. TPV spectral control options include: front surface filters (e.g. interference filters, plasma filters, interference/plasma tandem filters, and frequency selective surfaces), back surface reflectors, and wavelength selective radiators. System analysis shows that spectral performance dominates diode performance in any practical TPV system, and that low bandgap diodes enable both higher efficiency and power density when spectral control limitations are considered. Lockheed Martin has focused its efforts on front surface tandem filters which have achieved spectral efficiencies of {approx}83% for E{sub g} = 0.52 eV and {approx}76% for E{sub g} = 0.60 eV for a 950 C radiator temperature.
DM DePoy; PM Fourspring; PF Baldasaro; JF Beausang; EJ Brown; MW Dashiel; KD Rahner; TD Rahmlow; JE Lazo-Wasem; EJ Gratrix; B Wemsman
Rhode Island allows property owners to establish solar easements in the same manner and with the same effect as a conveyance of an interest in real property. Solar easements must be created in...
Solar Forecasting
On December 7, 2012,�DOE announced $8 million to fund two solar projects that are helping utilities and grid operators better forecast when, where, and how much solar power will be produced at U.S....
Kansas' solar easement provisions do not create an automatic right to sunlight. Rather, they allow parties to voluntarily enter into solar easement contracts for the purpose of ensuring adequate...
Cities and counties in North Carolina generally may not adopt ordinances prohibiting the installation of "a solar collector that gathers solar radiation as a substitute for traditional energy for...
IMPROVED SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF SILICONE ENCAPSULANTED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES Nick E. Powell 1* , Byung the benefit of using optically superior silicone encapsulant materials over the incumbent ethylene vinyl in the UV region of the solar spectrum. Single cell mini-modules were prepared using two different
Spectral analysis of ambient weather patterns
A Fourier spectral analysis of ambient weather data, consisting of global and direct solar radiation, dry and wet bulb temperatures, and wind speed, is given. By analyzing the heating and cooling seasons independently, seasonal variations are isolated and a cleaner spectrum emerges. This represents an improvement over previous work in this area, in which data for the entire year were analyzed together. As a demonstration of the efficacy of this method, synthetic data constructed with a small number of parameters are used in typical simulations, and the results are compared with those obtained with the original data. A spectral characterization of fluctuations around the moving average is given, and the changes in the fluctuation from season to season are examined.
Anderson, J.V.; Subbarao, K.
Canopy spectral invariants for remote sensing and model applications Dong Huang1
of the three dimensional vegetation canopy. 2 #12;1. Introduction The solar energy that transits through of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Geography, University College London, London, U.K. 5 Centro di the spectral response of a vegetation canopy to the incident solar radiation at the leaf and the canopy scale
Jones, Peter JS
Simulations of Spectral Profiles Observed in a C5.6 Limb Flare
, Nanjing 210008, China Abstract We obtained a complete set of H# , CaII 8542 š A and HeI 10830 š A spectra of the flare loop. Key words: limb flare, line profile, infrared PACS: 1 Introduction Solar flare spectra velocities, electron temperatures and densities [1--4]. Spectral lines are thought be wide in solar limb
Estimating Unmeasured Solar Radiation Quantities . . . . . .Weather Data . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . .Solar DataB. l'he Solar Constant. . . . . . C. Solar Time and Standard
Solar forecasting review
and forecasting of solar radiation data: a review,�forecasting of solar- radiation data,� Solar Energy, vol.sequences of global solar radiation data for isolated sites:
Inman, Richard Headen
Measuring solar reflectance Part I: Defining a metric that accurately predicts solar heat gain
Solar reflectance can vary with the spectral and angular distributions of incident sunlight, which in turn depend on surface orientation, solar position and atmospheric conditions. A widely used solar reflectance metric based on the ASTM Standard E891 beam-normal solar spectral irradiance underestimates the solar heat gain of a spectrally selective 'cool colored' surface because this irradiance contains a greater fraction of near-infrared light than typically found in ordinary (unconcentrated) global sunlight. At mainland U.S. latitudes, this metric RE891BN can underestimate the annual peak solar heat gain of a typical roof or pavement (slope {le} 5:12 [23{sup o}]) by as much as 89 W m{sup -2}, and underestimate its peak surface temperature by up to 5 K. Using R{sub E891BN} to characterize roofs in a building energy simulation can exaggerate the economic value N of annual cool-roof net energy savings by as much as 23%. We define clear-sky air mass one global horizontal ('AM1GH') solar reflectance R{sub g,0}, a simple and easily measured property that more accurately predicts solar heat gain. R{sub g,0} predicts the annual peak solar heat gain of a roof or pavement to within 2 W m{sup -2}, and overestimates N by no more than 3%. R{sub g,0} is well suited to rating the solar reflectances of roofs, pavements and walls. We show in Part II that R{sub g,0} can be easily and accurately measured with a pyranometer, a solar spectrophotometer or version 6 of the Solar Spectrum Reflectometer.
Levinson, Ronnen; Akbari, Hashem; Berdahl, Paul
Large Spectral Library Problem
Hyperspectral imaging produces a spectrum or vector at each image pixel. These spectra can be used to identify materials present in the image. In some cases, spectral libraries representing atmospheric chemicals or ground materials are available. The challenge is to determine if any of the library chemicals or materials exist in the hyperspectral image. The number of spectra in these libraries can be very large, far exceeding the number of spectral channels collected in the �eld. Suppose an image pixel contains a mixture of p spectra from the library. Is it possible to uniquely identify these p spectra? We address this question in this paper and refer to it as the Large Spectral Library (LSL) problem. We show how to determine if unique identi�cation is possible for any given library. We also show that if p is small compared to the number of spectral channels, it is very likely that unique identi�cation is possible. We show that unique identi�cation becomes less likely as p increases.
Chilton, Lawrence K.; Walsh, Stephen J.
Solar Mapper
Interactive, online mapping tool providing access to spatial data related to siting utility-scale solar facilities in the southwestern United States.
Maine law requires that any municipal ordinance, bylaw, or regulation adopted after September 30, 2009 regulating solar energy devices on residential property follow certain requirements. The rules...
Solar Energy.
??This thesis is about Photovoltaic (PV) cells and its stresses in various directions by calculating the power generated using solar cells under different conditions to� (more)
Bafana, Ramzi
Solar Car
Des Moines Central Academy Middle School students compete in the Solar Car Challenge at the National Science Bowl, May 2 in Washington D.C.
The spectral irradiance traceability chain at PTB
Spectral irradiance is a fundamental radiometric unit. Its application to measurement results requires qualified traceability to basic units of the international system of units (Systeme international d'unites, SI). The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is amongst other national metrological institutes (NMIs) responsible for the realization, maintenance and dissemination of various radiometric and photometric units based on and traceable to national standards. The unit of spectral irradiance is realized and represented by a blackbody-radiator as the national primary standard of the PTB. Based on Planck's radiation law, the irradiance is calculated and realized for any wavelength taking into account the exact knowledge of the radiation temperature and the geometrical parameters. Using a double-monochromator-based spectroradiometer system, secondary standard lamps can be calibrated by direct comparison to the blackbody-radiator (substitution method). These secondary standard lamps are then used at the PTB to calibrate standard lamps of customers. The customers themselves use these so-called transfer standards to calibrate their working standard lamps. These working standards are then used to calibrate own spectroradiometers or sources. This rather complex calibration chain is a common procedural method that for the customers generally leads to satisfying measurement results on site. Nevertheless, the standard lamps in use have to fulfill highest requirements concerning stability and reproducibility. Only this allows achieving comparably low transfer measurement uncertainties, which occur at each calibration step. Thus, the PTB is constantly investigating the improvement and further development of transfer standards and measurement methods for various spectral regions. The realization and dissemination of the spectral irradiance using the blackbody-radiator at the PTB is accomplished with worldwide approved minimized measurement uncertainties confirmed by international intercomparisons among NMIs. Ultimately, the spectral irradiance can be realized with expanded measurement uncertainties of far less than 1 % over a wide spectral range. Thus, for customers with high demands on low measurement uncertainties, it is possible to calibrate their working standards directly against the blackbody-radiator, taking into account the higher necessary effort. In special cases it is possible to calibrate the customer's spectroradiometric facilities directly in front of the blackbody-radiator. In the context of the European Metrology Research Project Traceability for surface spectral solar ultraviolet radiation, the traceability chain will be improved and adapted.
Sperfeld, P.; Pape, S.; Nevas, S. [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 10, 381160 Braunschweig (Germany)
Spectral-element adaptive refinement
Spectral-element adaptive refinement magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the island coalescence;Abstract A recently developed spectral-element adaptive refinement incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD statically refined and dynamically refined grids. The island coalescence instability is a fundamental MHD
Ng, Chung-Sang
Spectral tailoring device
A spectral tailoring device for altering the neutron energy spectra and flux of neutrons in a fast reactor thereby selectively to enhance or inhibit the transmutation rate of a target metrical to form a product isotope. Neutron moderators, neutron filters, neutron absorbers and neutron reflectors may be used as spectral tailoring devices. Depending on the intended use for the device, a member from each of these four classes of materials could be used singularly, or in combination, to provide a preferred neutron energy spectra and flux of the neutrons in the region of the target material. In one embodiment of the invention, an assembly is provided for enhancing the production of isotopes, such as cobalt 60 and gadolinium 153. In another embodiment of the invention, a spectral tailoring device is disposed adjacent a target material which comprises long lived or volatile fission products and the device is used to shift the neutron energy spectra and flux of neutrons in the region of the fission products to preferentially transmute them to produce a less volatile fission product inventory. 6 figs.
Brager, H.R.; Schenter, R.E.; Carter, L.L.; Karnesky, R.A.
SOLAR CELL BASED PYRANOMETERS: EVALUATION OF THE DIFFUSE RESPONSE Frank Vignola
260 SOLAR CELL BASED PYRANOMETERS: EVALUATION OF THE DIFFUSE RESPONSE Frank Vignola Department The responsivity to diffuse radiation of a solar cell based pyranometer is studied. Diffuse measurements are made of the LiCor pyranometer is presented. Implication of the spectral dependence of the solar cell based
Oregon, University of
Submitted for Publication to SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCING SATELLITE-DERIVED IRRADIANCES IN COMPLEX ARID TERRAIN
Submitted for Publication to SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCING SATELLITE-DERIVED IRRADIANCES IN COMPLEX ARID spectrum. #12;Submitted for Publication to SOLAR ENERGY In its simplest description the model amounts wavelengths in the visible spectral range (0.55-0.75 µm) corresponding to the peak of the solar radiation
Perez, Richard R.
Prediction of solar activity for the next 500 years Friedhelm Steinhilber1
Prediction of solar activity for the next 500 years Friedhelm Steinhilber1 and J�rg Beer1 Received of solar activity has been reconstructed for the past 9400 years by combining two 10 Be records from of mean solar magnetic activity averaged over 22 years for the next 500 years mainly based on the spectral
Wehrli, Bernhard
Satellite-Based Techniques for the Retrieval of Solar Radiation Data A Review of Current European
Satellite-Based Techniques for the Retrieval of Solar Radiation Data A Review of Current European of solar radiation (clouds, water vapor, aerosols, ozone) through the use of twelve spectral radiometer of application- specific solar radiation data. Especially the integration into energy structures makes
Heinemann, Detlev
Hawaii law prohibits the creation of any covenant or restriction contained in any document restricting the installation or use of a solar energy system on a residential dwelling or townhouse. ...
Solar Power Generation Development
This project centered on creating a solar cell prototype enabling significant reductions in module cost and increases in module efficiency. Low cost was addressed by using plentiful organic materials that only comprise 16% of the total module cost, and by leveraging building integrated PV concepts that reduce the cost of key module components to zero. High efficiency was addressed by implementing multiband organic PV, low cost spectral splitting, and possibly integrating photovoltaic and photothermal mechanisms. This research has contributed to the design of multiband organic PV, and the sealing of organic PV cells. If one assumes that the aggregate multiband efficiency can reach 12%, projected cost would be $0.97/W. If the sealing technology enables 10 to 20 year lifetimes, the LCOE will match that of domestic coal. The final report describes progress towards these goals.
Robert L. Johnson Jr.; Gary E. Carver
2.1.2 European Solar Radiation Atlas (ESRA)2.4 Evaluation of Solar Forecasting . . . . . . . . .2.4.1 Solar Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Solar Valuation Rates
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Residential Solar Valuation Rates Karl R. Rbago Rbago Energy LLC 1 The Ideal Residential Solar Tariff Fair to the utility and non-solar customers Fair compensation to...
for Daily Solar Radiation Data. Proceedings of the 1977from total horizontal radiation data, they both suffer froma. SOLAR RADIATION Solar radiation data provide a measure of
Solar powered desalination system
2008, uses concentrated solar power to split water. Figurethe main reason the potential for solar power is boundless.a clean energy source, solar power is inexhaustible, fairly
Mateo, Tiffany Alisa
Solar Energy Laboratory 1303 Engineering Research Building UniversitySolar Energy Laboratory 1303 Engineering Research laboratory UniversitySolar Energy Group, Energy and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University
Nanocrystal Solar Cells
Nov, 2005). Chapter 4 Hybrid solar cells with 3-dimensionalinorganic nanocrystal solar cells 5.1 Introduction In recentoperation of organic based solar cells and distinguish them
Gur, Ilan
room )I I( I I ,i I CALIFORNIA SOLAR DATA MANUAL I. ! I ienergy resource. The California Solar Data Manual describestowards fulfilling California's solar data needs is the
for Reno, Nevada . . . . . (Q) Solar Data for China Lake/using Nominal Solar Profiles China Lake/Inyokern ANGLE OFStations - China Lake, Edwards Monthly Latitude: Jan SOLAR
Figure 6.3: Birds-eye view of solar array deployment siteBirds-eye 7. Birds-eye view of of solar solar array array
Solar Contractor Licensing
The California Contractors State License Board administers contractor licenses. The C-46 Solar Contractor license covers active solar water and space heating systems, solar pool heating systems,...
2.1.2 European Solar Radiation Atlas (ESRA)for supplementing solar radiation network data,� FinalEstimating incident solar radiation at the surface from geo-
Solar Resource Assessment
DOE solar resource research focuses on understanding historical solar resource patterns and making future predictions, both of which are needed to support reliable power system operation. As solar...
As a clean energy source, solar power is inexhaustible,renewables for energy sources, including solar power. Also,Requirements Energy Source Natural Gas Nuclear Solar Wind
Monitoring changes in atmospheric radioxenon concentrations is a major tool in the detection of an underground nuclear explosion. Ground based systems like the Automated Radioxenon Sampler /Analyzer (ARSA), the Swedish Unattended Noble gas Analyzer (SAUNA) and the Automatic portable radiometer of isotopes Xe (ARIX), can collect and detect several radioxenon isotopes by processing and transferring samples into a high efficiency beta-gamma coincidence detector. The high efficiency beta-gamma coincidence detector makes these systems highly sensitive to the radioxenon isotopes 133Xe, 131mXe, 133mXe and 135Xe. The standard analysis uses regions of interest (ROI) to determine the amount of a particular radioxenon isotope present. The ROI method relies on the peaks of interest falling within energy limits of the ROI. Some potential problems inherent in this method are the reliance on stable detector gains and a fixed resolution for each energy peak. In addition, when a high activity sample is measured there will be more interference among the ROI, in particular within the 133Xe, 133mXe, and 131mXe regions. A solution to some of these problems can be obtained through spectral fitting of the data. Spectral fitting is simply the fitting of the peaks using known functions to determine the number and relative peak positions and widths. By knowing this information it is possible to determine which isotopes are present. Area under each peak can then be used to determine an overall concentration for each isotope. Using the areas of the peaks several key detector characteristics can be determined: efficiency, energy calibration, energy resolution and ratios between interfering isotopes (Radon daughters).
Cooper, Matthew W.; Bowyer, Ted W.; Hayes, James C.; Heimbigner, Tom R.; Hubbard, Charles W.; McIntyre, Justin I.; Schrom, Brian T.
Progress in passive solar energy systems. Volume 8. Part 1
This book presents the papers given at a conference sponsored by the US DOE, the Solar Energy Research Institute, SolarVision, Inc., and the Southern California Solar Energy Society. The topics considered at the conference included sizing solar energy systems for agricultural applications, a farm scale ethanol production plant, the EEC wind energy RandD program, the passive solar performance assessment of an earth-sheltered house, the ARCO 1 MW photovoltaic power plant, the performance of a dendritic web photovoltaic module, second generation point focused concentrators, linear fresnel lens concentrating photovoltaic collectors, photovoltaic conversion efficiency, amorphous silicon thin film solar cells, a photovoltaic system for a shopping center, photovoltaic power generation for the utility industry, spectral solar radiation, and the analysis of insolation data.
Hayes, J.; Andrejko, D.A.
Solar ADEPT: Efficient Solar Energy Systems
Solar ADEPT Project: The 7 projects that make up ARPA-E's Solar ADEPT program, short for 'Solar Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology,' aim to improve the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy systems, which convert the sun's rays into electricity. Solar ADEPT projects are integrating advanced electrical components into PV systems to make the process of converting solar energy to electricity more efficient.
Concentrating Solar Power
Summarizes the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its concentrating solar power subprogram.
CUTTING SOLAR RED TAPECUTTING SOLAR RED TAPE Evergreen State Solar PartnershipEvergreen State Solar Partnership
CUTTING SOLAR RED TAPECUTTING SOLAR RED TAPE Evergreen State Solar PartnershipEvergreen State Solar Partnership Rooftop Solar Challenge 1 Sunshot #12;WASHINGTON PV CONTEXTWASHINGTON PV CONTEXT 285 cities, 39 Installations happen where process is easier #12;EVERGREEN STATE SOLAR PARTNERSHIP Commerce NWSEEDEdmonds
Assessment of Heliosat-4 surface solar irradiance derived on the basis of SEVIRI-APOLLO cloud products
high spatial and temporal resolutions, the APOLLO product is suitable for use in solar energy as their spectral distribution for the uses in various domains: solar energy, biomass, agriculture, human healthAssessment of Heliosat-4 surface solar irradiance derived on the basis of SEVIRI-APOLLO cloud
Boyer, Edmond
SOLAR ENERGY FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Solar Suitability Assessment
SOLAR ENERGY FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Solar Suitability Assessment of Dalhousie University.................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Solar Radiation Data for Calculating Solar Energy Resource .................... 3 3 Campus.1 Evaluation of Suitability for Solar Energy Generation................................ 12 4.2 Solar
Brownstone, Rob
Boston Massachusetts: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) San Francisco, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency &...
Solar Impulse's Solar-Powered Plane
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Solar Impulse lands in Washington, DC at Washington Dulles International Airport as part of its journey across the United States. Secretary Ernest Moniz speaks about how advancements like those at the Department of Energy are leading the way for innovations like the solar-powered plane. Footage of the solar-powered plane courtesy of Solar Impulse.
Moniz, Ernest; Piccard, Bertrand; Reicher, Dan
Petrovay: Solar physics Helioseismology SOLAR OSCILLATIONS: INTRODUCTION
: Solar oscillations first observed by both Doppler and intensity method (Leighton, Noyes & Simon 1962: ApPetrovay: Solar physics Helioseismology SOLAR OSCILLATIONS: INTRODUCTION Small departures from hydrostatic equilibrium caused by turbulent convection localized events related to solar activity (e
Petrovay, Kristóf
Berkeley, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Berkeley, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Berkeley, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
China Glass Solar aka CG Solar formerly Weihai Bluestar Terra...
Solar aka CG Solar formerly Weihai Bluestar Terra Photovoltaic Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name: China Glass Solar (aka CG Solar, formerly Weihai Bluestar Terra Photovoltaic...
Tucson, Arizona: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities...
Tucson, Arizona: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Tucson, Arizona: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities,...
Austin, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities...
Austin, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Austin, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy...
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar...
Seattle, Washington: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Seattle, Washington: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Seattle, Washington: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Knoxville, Tennessee: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Knoxville, Tennessee: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Knoxville, Tennessee: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
EIS-0449: Solar Millennium Blythe Solar Power Project in Riverside...
9: Solar Millennium Blythe Solar Power Project in Riverside County, CA EIS-0449: Solar Millennium Blythe Solar Power Project in Riverside County, CA December 10, 2010 EIS-0449:...
EA-1683: Abengoa Solar's Solana Concentrating Solar Power Facility...
83: Abengoa Solar's Solana Concentrating Solar Power Facility, Gila Bend, AZ EA-1683: Abengoa Solar's Solana Concentrating Solar Power Facility, Gila Bend, AZ May 3, 2010 EA-1683:...
San Antonio, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
San Antonio, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) San Antonio, Texas: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Denver, Colorado: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities...
Denver, Colorado: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Denver, Colorado: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities,...
Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
San Diego, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
San Diego, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) San Diego, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar...
Ann Arbor, Michigan: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Ann Arbor, Michigan: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Ann Arbor, Michigan: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Madison, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Madison, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Madison, Wisconsin: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
Solar Neutrinos
Experimental work with solar neutrinos has illuminated the properties of neutrinos and tested models of how the sun produces its energy. Three experiments continue to take data, and at least seven are in various stages of planning or construction. In this review, the current experimental status is summarized, and future directions explored with a focus on the effects of a non-zero theta-13 and the interesting possibility of directly testing the luminosity constraint. Such a confrontation at the few-percent level would provide a prediction of the solar irradiance tens of thousands of years in the future for comparison with the present-day irradiance. A model-independent analysis of existing low-energy data shows good agreement between the neutrino and electromagnetic luminosities at the +/- 20 % level.
R. G. H. Robertson
Solar collector
A solar collector unit comprises a body of rigid thermally insulating material having a surface in the shape of about half a cylindrical parabola, the parabolic surface being provided with a reflective surface, a conduit being positioned with its long axis in the median plane of the parabola, said conduit serving as conduit for the heat-exchange medium, the surface of said conduit facing the parabolic surface being a selective surface, a transparent cover being provided on top of the device.
Dostrovsky, I.
Solar Blog
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE: AlternativeEnvironment,Institutes and ResponseStaffServicesFuture |Assurance PlanCD-4),Solar96426
Spectral Reflectance of Silicon Photodiodes
Introduction Silicon photodiodes are among the most popular photodetectors that combine high performance over a wide wavelength range with unparalleled ease of use. High-quality photodiodes, in the form of a trap detector, 1,2 have many significant applications in precision radiometry. Their predictable responsivity in visible and near-infrared ~NIR! wavelengths allows the realization of high-accuracy spectral responsivity scales. 3,4 The spectral responsivity scales can be utilized in, for example, realization of luminous intensity 5,6 and spectral irradiance scales. 7,8 The spectral responsivity of a silicon photodiode is determined by the reflectance of the diode surface r~l! and the internal quantum deficiency d~l!. The values of d~l! and r~l! can be extrapolated 4 by mathematical models. To extrapolate the val
Atte Haapalinna; Petri K�rh�; Erkki Ikonen
X-Ray Searches for Solar Axions
Axions generated thermally in the solar core can convert nearly directly to X-rays as they pass through the solar atmosphere via interaction with the magnetic field. The result of this conversion process would be a diffuse centrally-concentrated source of few-keV X-rays at disk center; it would have a known dimension, of order 10% of the solar diameter, and a spectral distribution resembling the blackbody spectrum of the solar core. Its spatial structure in detail would depend on the distribution of mass and field in the solar atmosphere. The brightness of the source depends upon these factors as well as the unknown coupling constant and the unknown mass of the axion; this particle is hypothetical and no firm evidence for its existence has been found yet. We describe the solar magnetic environment as an axion/photon converter and discuss the upper limits obtained by existing and dedicated observations from three solar X-ray observatories: Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode
Hugh S. Hudson; L. W. Acton; E. DeLuca; I. G. Hannah; K. Reardon; K. Van Bibber
Spectral conditions for positive maps
We provide a partial classification of positive linear maps in matrix algebras which is based on a family of spectral conditions. This construction generalizes celebrated Choi example of a map which is positive but not completely positive. It is shown how the spectral conditions enable one to construct linear maps on tensor products of matrix algebras which are positive but only on a convex subset of separable elements. Such maps provide basic tools to study quantum entanglement in multipartite systems.
Dariusz Chruscinski; Andrzej Kossakowski
Enhanced light absorption of solar cells and photodetectors by diffraction
Enhanced light absorption of solar cells and photodetectors by diffraction is described. Triangular, rectangular, and blazed subwavelength periodic structures are shown to improve performance of solar cells. Surface reflection can be tailored for either broadband, or narrow-band spectral absorption. Enhanced absorption is achieved by efficient optical coupling into obliquely propagating transmitted diffraction orders. Subwavelength one-dimensional structures are designed for polarization-dependent, wavelength-selective absorption in solar cells and photodetectors, while two-dimensional structures are designed for polarization-independent, wavelength-selective absorption therein. Suitable one and two-dimensional subwavelength periodic structures can also be designed for broadband spectral absorption in solar cells and photodetectors. If reactive ion etching (RIE) processes are used to form the grating, RIE-induced surface damage in subwavelength structures can be repaired by forming junctions using ion implantation methods. RIE-induced surface damage can also be removed by post RIE wet-chemical etching treatments.
Zaidi, Saleem H.; Gee, James M.
Solar Innovator | Alta Devices
Selected to participate in the Energy Department's SunShot Initiative, Alta Devices produces solar cells that convert sunlight into electricity at world record-breaking levels of efficiency. Through its innovative solar technology Alta is helping bring down the cost of solar. Learn more about the Energy Department's efforts to advance solar technology at energy.gov/solar .
Mattos, Laila; Le, Minh
Solar neutrinos and the solar composition problem
Standard solar models (SSM) are facing nowadays a new puzzle: the solar composition problem. New determinations of solar metal abundances lead SSM calculations to conflict with helioseismological measurements, showing discrepancies that extend from the convection zone to the solar core and can not be easily assigned to deficiencies in the modelling of the solar convection zone. We present updated solar neutrino fluxes and uncertainties for two SSM with high (old) and low (new) solar metallicity determinations. The uncertainties in iron and carbon abundances are the largest contribution to the uncertainties of the solar neutrino fluxes. The uncertainty on the ^14N+p -> ^15O+g rate is the largest of the non-composition uncertainties to the CNO neutrino fluxes. We propose an independent method to help identify which SSM is the correct one. Present neutrino data can not distinguish the solar neutrino predictions of both models but ongoing measurements can help to solve the puzzle.
Carlos Pena-Garay; Aldo Serenelli
Solar ALMA Observations - A new view of our host star
ALMA provides the necessary spatial, temporal and spectral resolution to explore central questions in contemporary solar physics with potentially far-reaching implications for stellar atmospheres and plasma physics. It can uniquely constraint the thermal and magnetic field structure in the solar chromosphere with measurements that are highly complementary to simultaneous observations with other ground-based and space-borne instruments. Here, we highlight selected science cases.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Brajsa, Roman; Barta, Miroslav; Shimojo, Masumi; Hales, Antonio; Yagoubov, Pavel; Hudson, Hugh
Spectral shift reactor control method
This patent describes the method of operating a pressurized-water fissile-material-fueled spectral-shift nuclear reactor in such manner that short-term reactivity requirement variations can be satisfied without making control rod or chemical shim changes. The reactor includes a pressure vessel enclosing a reactor core and having an inlet and an outlet for circulating a water coolant moderator in heat transfer relationship with the core. The core comprises fuel assemblies disposed therein for generating heat by nuclear fission. The reactor provided with neutron-absorbing control rods which are vertically movable into and out of the core so that movement of the control rods into the core will substantially decrease reactivity and withdrawal of the control rods from the core will substantially increase reactivity. The control rods when inserted into the core displace an equivalent volume of the water coolant moderator. The reactor also provides neutron-spectral-shift rods which have a lower absorptivity for neutrons than the control rods, the neutron-spectral shift rods when inserted into the core displacing an equaivalent volume of the water coolant moderator. The neutron-spectral-shift rods comprises two different types of rods, a first of the different types of the neutron-spectral-shift rods comprising displacer rods which have a low absorptivity for neutrons, the remainder of the neutron-spectral-shift rods comprising gray rods which have an absorption for neutrons which is intermediate the neutron absorption of the control rods and the low neutron absorption of the displacer rods. Each neutron-spectral-shift displacer rod comprises a hollow thin-walled Zircaloy member containing a filling of solid or annular zirconium- or aluminum-containing material for providing internal support and mass for the thin-walled tubular member.
Impink, A.J. Jr.
Solar Decathlon
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage » SearchEnergyDepartmentScoping Study |4 Solar Background Document 4U.S.
Solar Power
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administrationcontroller systemsBiSite CulturalDepartment ofatRenewable Energy »Buildings Solar
Nov, 2005). Chapter 4 Hybrid solar cells with 3-dimensional5 All-inorganic nanocrystal solar cells 5.1 Introduction Inoperation of organic based solar cells and distinguish them
P(t) and the boring solar sensor. Denoting the bulk veloci �equipped with solar irradiance sensors, see Figure 10.3.f that utilizes the low solar cost sensor network deployment
Solar Energy Entrepreneurs
Solar Energy Entrepreneurs Meeting MD, DC, DE, VA Region May 31, 2012 #12;Solar Energy Entrepreneurs Meeting MD, DC, DE, VA Region Meeting Objectives should attend if you.... · ... work in the solar energy market
Rubloff, Gary W.
Solar Equipment Certification
Under the Solar Energy Standards Act of 1976, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) is responsible for certifying all solar equipment sold in Florida. A manufacturer who wishes to have their...
Nevada law requires that solar energy system installers be licensed by the Nevada State Contractors Board. Contractors may be licensed under License Classification C-37 (solar contracting for solar...
Solar Heating Contractor Licensing
Michigan offers a solar heating contractor specialty license to individuals who have at least three years of experience installing solar equipment under the direction of a licensed solar contractor...
JEA- Solar Incentive Program
The JEA Solar Incentive Program provides rebates to JEA's residential customers who install new and retrofit solar hot water heaters on their homes. The rebate is worth $800 for new solar thermal...
The field of this invention is solar collectors, and more particularly, the invention pertains to a flat plate collector that employs high performance thin films. The solar collector of this invention overcomes several problems in this field, such as excessive hardware, cost and reliability, and other prior art drawbacks outlined in the specification. In the preferred form, the apparatus features a substantially rigid planar frame (14). A thin film window (42) is bonded to one planar side of the frame. An absorber (24) of laminate construction is comprised of two thin film layers (24a, 24b) that are sealed perimetrically. The layers (24a, 24b) define a fluid-tight planar envelope (24c) of large surface area to volume through which a heat transfer fluid flows. Absorber (24) is bonded to the other planar side of the frame. The thin film construction of the absorber assures substantially full envelope wetting and thus good efficiency. The window and absorber films stress the frame adding to the overall strength of the collector.
Wilhelm, William G. (Cutchogue, NY)
Solar skylight
A reflective shutter rotates within a skylight housing in such a fashion as to control solar energy thereby providing a combination of heating, lighting, and ventilation. The skylight housing has three faces: a glazed southern face, a glazed northern face, and an open downwardly oriented face to the interior of the structure. Counter-weighted pivot arms support the shutter at either end causing the center of rotation to pass through the center of gravity. The shutter has three basic positions: In the first position, during the winter day, the shutter closes off the northern face, allowing solar energy to enter directly into the supporting structure providing heat gain and daylighting. In the second position, during the winter night, the shutter closes off the open face to the interior, providing insulation between the structure and the skylight housing. In the third position, during the non-heating season, the shutter closes off the southern face blocking unwanted heat gain but allowing diffuse northern light to penetrate for daylighting. In this last position, a means is provided for ventilating by natural convection. The apparatus can be operated either manually or by motor.
Adamson, James C. (Osprey La., Rumson, NJ 07760)
Solar Industry At Work: Streamlining Home Solar Installation...
Solar Industry At Work: Streamlining Home Solar Installation Solar Industry At Work: Streamlining Home Solar Installation June 12, 2012 - 11:59am Addthis Sunrun is a home solar...
Concentrated Solar Thermoelectric Power
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PROGRAM REVIEW 2013 Concentrated Solar Thermoelectric Power Principal Investigator: Prof. Gang Chen Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA...
Solar heating in Colombia.
?? This report describes the process of a thesis implemented in Colombia concerning solar energy. The project was to install a self-circulating solar heating system,� (more)
Skytt, Johanna
Solar | Department of Energy
Concentrating Solar Power Plant The Ivanpah Solar Energy Generating System has the capacity to generate 392 megawattsof clean electricity -- enough to power 94,400 average...
Application of solar energy.
??The purpose of the project is to learn the principle and application of solar energy and to know the situation of solar energy in China� (more)
Li, Jingcheng
Hawaii offers several specialty licenses for solar contractors through Hawaii�s Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs. The following specialty licenses are available: Solar Power Systems...
Your Solar Home
Solar Schoolhouse Education supplement for the Sacramento Bee to introduce solar to elementary school children and introduce the design and AD contest for local students.
Residential Solar Rights
In 2007, New Jersey enacted legislation preventing homeowners associations from prohibiting the installation of solar collectors on certain types of residential properties. The term "solar...
Department of Energy - Solar
307 en Using Passive Solar Design to Save Money and Energy http:energy.govenergysaverarticlesusing-passive-solar-design-save-money-and-energy
Subsidizing Global Solar Power.
?? With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current �oversupply� of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet,� (more)
Arnesson, Daniel
Concentrated Solar Power Generation.
??Solar power generation is the most promising technology to transfer energy consumption reliance from fossil fuel to renewable sources. Concentrated solar power generation is a� (more)
Jin, Zhilei
Solar power satellites.
??During energy crisis at the end of the Sixties, a new idea to exploit solar energy arose: Solar Power Satellites. These satellites need a huge� (more)
Palmas, Alessandro
October 2011 Solar in Action Philadelphia was designated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) on March 28, 2008, as Solar America City. At that time, the city presented a...
Solar in Cold, Cloudy Climates
Presentation delivered by Chuck Marken during the 2009 Northeastern Solar Cities Conference Solar Survey session.
Solving Solar Neutrino Puzzle via LMA MSW Conversion
We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO's salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region's area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99.73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.
Q. Y. Liu; B. L. Chen; J. Zhou; M. J. Luo; S. C. Jing
Sandia National Laboratories: Solar Resource Assessment
Tagged with: Energy * photovoltaic * Photovoltaics * PV * Renewable Energy * solar * Solar Energy * Solar Research * Solar Resource Assessment Comments are closed. Renewable...
First real time detection of Be7 solar neutrinos by Borexino
This paper reports a direct measurement of the Be7 solar neutrino signal rate performed with the Borexino low background liquid scintillator detector. This is the first real-time spectral measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos. The result for 0.862 MeV Be7 is 47 +- 7 (stat} +- 12 (sys} counts/(day x 100 ton), consistent with predictions of Standard Solar Models and neutrino oscillations with LMA-MSW parameters.
Borexino Collaboration
Uncertainty Analysis of Spectral Irradiance Reference Standards Used for NREL Calibrations
Spectral irradiance produced by lamp standards such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FEL-type tungsten halogen lamps are used to calibrate spectroradiometers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Spectroradiometers are often used to characterize spectral irradiance of solar simulators, which in turn are used to characterize photovoltaic device performance, e.g., power output and spectral response. Therefore, quantifying the calibration uncertainty of spectroradiometers is critical to understanding photovoltaic system performance. In this study, we attempted to reproduce the NIST-reported input variables, including the calibration uncertainty in spectral irradiance for a standard NIST lamp, and quantify uncertainty for measurement setup at the Optical Metrology Laboratory at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Habte, A.; Andreas, A.; Reda, I.; Campanelli, M.; Stoffel, T.
Photovoltaic Measurements in Single-Nanowire Silicon Solar Cells
Photovoltaic Measurements in Single-Nanowire Silicon Solar Cells Michael D. Kelzenberg, Daniel B-voltage measurements were made under simulated Air Mass 1.5 global illumination. Photovoltaic spectral response work by our group has shown that macroscopic Si wire arrays (>1 cm2 in area) suitable for photovoltaic
Atwater, Harry
Solar Radiation Modeling and Measurements for Renewable Energy Applications: Data and Model Quality; Preprint
Measurement and modeling of broadband and spectral terrestrial solar radiation is important for the evaluation and deployment of solar renewable energy systems. We discuss recent developments in the calibration of broadband solar radiometric instrumentation and improving broadband solar radiation measurement accuracy. An improved diffuse sky reference and radiometer calibration and characterization software and for outdoor pyranometer calibrations is outlined. Several broadband solar radiation model approaches, including some developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, for estimating direct beam, total hemispherical and diffuse sky radiation are briefly reviewed. The latter include the Bird clear sky model for global, direct beam, and diffuse terrestrial solar radiation; the Direct Insolation Simulation Code (DISC) for estimating direct beam radiation from global measurements; and the METSTAT (Meteorological and Statistical) and Climatological Solar Radiation (CSR) models that estimate solar radiation from meteorological data. We conclude that currently the best model uncertainties are representative of the uncertainty in measured data.
ENERGIA SOLAR Introduccio
ENERGIA SOLAR · Introducci´o · Usos t`ermics. Baixa temperatura · Sistemes de conversi´o t) Cuines Solars http://www.solarcooking.org #12;DESSALADORS SOLARS #12;APLICACIONS T`ERMIQUES BAIXA TEMPERATURA Col.lectors solars plans per a ACS #12;CONVERSI´O DIRECTA EN ELECTRICITAT C`el.lules i panells
Batiste, Oriol
SOLAR ENERGY Andrew Blakers
and conversion methods usually entail few environmental problems. Solar energy includes both direct radiationSOLAR ENERGY Andrew Blakers Director, Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems Australian National Solar energy is special. It is vast, ubiquitous and indefinitely sustainable. The solar resource
Solar Policy Environment: Houston
The City of Houston is committed to achieving a sustainable solar infrastructure through strategic partnerships that address market barriers for solar energy through the Houston Solar Initiative. The initiative is dedicated to this long-term goal while focusing on near- and mid-term results that go beyond demonstration solar projects.
Solar Policy Environment: Sacramento
The City of Sacramento and the greater Sacramento region is the home of a long standing history of commitment to solar. Sacramento Solar Access seeks to further widespread adoption of solar energy by addressing current market barriers and preparing, through design guidelines and education, the infrastructure that will optimize solar production in the future.
Solar Policy Environment: Boston
City of Boston�s objective in creating Solar Boston is to maximize solar technology�s role in the City�s sustainable development, educational and emergency preparedness policies. Solar Boston�s objective is the installation of solar technology on all feasible and appropriate locations throughout Boston.
USA, Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville Solar Energy Generation Facility Constructed Systems that produce electricity
Solar Policy Environment: Pittsburgh
In this project, Pittsburgh plans to build on its reputation as a national leader in green practices. Its Solar America Cities project will develop a distributed approach to adoption of solar energy technologies. Pittsburgh�s partnership includes universities, non-profit organizations, and business, labor and foundation communities. The city plans to transform the solar energy market and stimulate early adoption of solar technology, to show that solar technology works in a northern city.
Initiative) Solar installation goal: 25 megawatts (MW) cumulative installed solar capacity in the city by 2015 The reinvigorated Solar Boston Partnership builds on the work of...
Salt Lake City, Utah: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America...
a lack of understanding about solar contributed to preventing the widespread adoption of solar energy in all markets. Salt Lake City's prior solar successes with support from...
San Francisco, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar...
San Francisco, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) San Francisco, California: Solar in Action (Brochure),...
Portland, Oregon: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities...
Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) San Francisco, California: Solar in Action (Brochure), Solar America Cities, Energy Efficiency...
Spectral Emission of Moving Atom
A renewed analysis of the H.E. Ives and G.R. Stilwell's experiment on moving hydrogen canal rays (J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1938, v.28, 215) concludes that the spectral emission of a moving atom exhibits always a redshift which informs not the direction of the atom's motion. The conclusion is also evident from a simple energy relation: atomic spectral radiation is emitted as an orbiting electron consumes a portion of its internal energy on transiting to a lower-energy state which however has in a moving atom an additional energy gain; this results in a redshift in the emission frequency. Based on auxiliary experimental information and a scheme for de Broglie particle formation, we give a vigorous elucidation of the mechanism for deceleration radiation of atomic electron; the corresponding prediction of the redshift is in complete agreement with the Ives and Stilwell's experimental formula.
J. X. Zheng-Johansson
Solar Impulsive Energetic Electron Events
coronal mass ejections and solar energetic proton events, J.Voyager observations of solar wind proton temperature:1- 10Howard (2004), Variability of solar eruptions during cycle
Wang, Linghua
2008 Solar Technologies Market Report
96 4.3.2 Customer Solar Leasefinancing, customer solar lease financing, property-assessedagreement (PPA), the solar lease, and property-assessed
Price, S.
Commission launched the California Solar Initiative (CSI), aenergy bond California Solar Initiative concentrating solarprograms, such as the California Solar Initiative (CSI) and
Solar Easements and Rights Laws
Solar access provisions in the General Laws of Massachusetts allow for the creation of voluntary solar easements to protect solar exposure and authorizes zoning rules that prohibit unreasonable...
Utah Solar Outlook March 2010
This presentation provides an overview of Utah's solar market, policy initiatives, and progress to date on the Solar America Cities Project: Solar Salt Lake.
Solar Design Workbook
This Solar Design Workbook presents solar building design applications for commercial buildir^s. The book is divided into four sections. The first section describes the variety of solar applications in buildings including conservation aspects, solar fundamentals, passive systems, active systems, daylighting, and other solar options. Solar system design evaluation techniques including considerations for building energy requirements, passive systems, active systems, and economics are presented in Section II. The third section attempts to assist the designer in the building design process for energy conservation and solar applications including options and considerations for pre-design, design, and post-design phases. The information required for the solar design proee^ has not been fully developed at this time. Therefore, Section III is incomplete, but an overview of the considerations with some of the design proces elements is presented. Section IV illustrates ease studies that utilize solar applications in the building design.
Franta, G.; Baylin, F.; Crowther, R.; Dubin, F.; Grace, A., Griffith, J.W.; Holtz, M.; Kutscher, C.; Nordham, D.; Selkowitz, S.; Villecco, M.
Photometric Trends in the Visible Solar Continuum and Their Sensitivity to the Center-to-Limb Profile
Solar irradiance variations over solar rotational time-scales are largely determined by the passage of magnetic structures across the visible solar disk. Variations on solar cycle time scales are thought to be similarly due to changes in surface magnetism with activity. Understanding the contribution of magnetic structures to total solar irradiance and solar spectral irradiance requires assessing their contributions as a function of disk position. Since only relative photometry is possible from the ground, the contrasts of image pixels are measured with respect to a center-to-limb intensity profile. Using nine years of full-disk red and blue continuum images from the Precision Solar Photometric Telescope at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (PSPT/MLSO), we examine the sensitivity of continuum contrast measurements to the center-to-limb profile definition. Profiles which differ only by the amount of magnetic activity allowed in the pixels used to determine them yield oppositely signed solar cycle length continuu...
Peck, Courtney
Hawaii Solar Integration Study: Solar Modeling Developments and Study Results; Preprint
The Hawaii Solar Integration Study (HSIS) is a follow-up to the Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study completed in 2010. HSIS focuses on the impacts of higher penetrations of solar energy on the electrical grid and on other generation. HSIS goes beyond the island of Oahu and investigates Maui as well. The study examines reserve strategies, impacts on thermal unit commitment and dispatch, utilization of energy storage, renewable energy curtailment, and other aspects of grid reliability and operation. For the study, high-frequency (2-second) solar power profiles were generated using a new combined Numerical Weather Prediction model/ stochastic-kinematic cloud model approach, which represents the 'sharp-edge' effects of clouds passing over solar facilities. As part of the validation process, the solar data was evaluated using a variety of analysis techniques including wavelets, power spectral densities, ramp distributions, extreme values, and cross correlations. This paper provides an overview of the study objectives, results of the solar profile validation, and study results.
Orwig, K.; Corbus, D.; Piwko, R.; Schuerger, M.; Matsuura, M.; Roose, L.
EA-1784: Fotowatio Nevada Solar, LLC's Apex Solar Power Project...
84: Fotowatio Nevada Solar, LLC's Apex Solar Power Project in Clark County, NV EA-1784: Fotowatio Nevada Solar, LLC's Apex Solar Power Project in Clark County, NV July 1, 2010...
EIS-0454: Tonopah Solar Energy Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project...
EIS-0454: Tonopah Solar Energy Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project in Nye County, NV EIS-0454: Tonopah Solar Energy Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project in Nye County, NV Documents...
Rooftop Solar Potential Distributed Solar Power in NW
1 Rooftop Solar Potential Distributed Solar Power in NW Massoud Jourabchi June 2013 1 Renewables;3 Regional Growth In Solar Energy Consumption Solar consumption both Thermal and PV h b t d i i lhas been on steady increase since early 1990s. From 2000-2010 Solar PV grow at annual rate of 13% and solar thermal
BIG BEAR SOLAR OBSERVATORY CENTER FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RESEARCH Faculty Position in Solar Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology A tenure track faculty position in solar physics is available of NJIT's program in solar physics, visit http://solar.njit.edu. Applicants are required to have a Ph
Solar Decathlon | Department of Energy
Solar Decathlon Solar Decathlon In the video above, Lakiya Culley talks about how her solar-powered, passive home, which was donated to Habitat for Humanity by a Solar Decathlon...
Plasmonic conversion of solar energy
Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization, BasicS. Pillai and M. A. Green, Solar Energy Materials and SolarPlasmonic conversion of solar energy C�sar Clavero Plasma
Clavero, Cesar
Pacific Northwest Solar Radiation Data
Pacific Northwest Solar Radiation Data UO SOLAR MONITORING LAB Physics Department -- Solar Energy Center 1274 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403-1274 April 1, 1999 #12;Hourly solar radiation data
This report covers the solar resource assessment aspects of the Renewable Systems Interconnection study. The status of solar resource assessment in the United States is described, and summaries of the availability of modeled data sets are provided.
Renne, D.; George, R.; Wilcox, S.; Stoffel, T.; Myers, D.; Heimiller, D.
a solar energy system on a Habitat for Humanity home. GRID installed solar electric systems on 10 affordable homes developed by Habitat for Humanity in the Ivy City neighborhood...
Solar Construction Permitting Standards
Owners of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar water heating systems in Arizona are required to obtain a building permit before their systems may be installed. Permits are handled at the...
Owners of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar water heating systems in Colorado are required to obtain a building permit before their systems may be installed. Permits are handled at the...
of the electrical power output to the solar power input), aSolar Energy Calculator using Google Maps 23 Table 1.24: PV System Power Production Average Daily Irradiance (kWh/m2) Instillation Efficiency Labeled Efficiency Output
Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
SOLID-STATE SOLAR-THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION CENTER NanoEngineering Group Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Gang Chen, 1 Daniel Kraemer, 1 Bed Poudel, 2 Hsien-Ping Feng, 1 J....
Minnesota law requires that all active solar space-heating and water-heating systems, sold, offered for sale, or installed on residential and commercial buildings in the state meet Solar Rating and...
Until 1994, Florida offered limited specialty licenses for residential solar hot water and pool heating, as well a general solar contractor's license. These specialty licenses have not been issued...
The Arizona Registrar of Contractors does not offer a general solar electric contractor license, but the state's C-11/L-11 electrical license covers solar electric installations. C-11 licenses are...
CT Solar Loan
The Clean Energy Finance and Investment Authority is offering a pilot loan program, CT Solar Loan, to provide homeowners with 15-year loans for solar PV equipment. The loans are administered...
Controlling the Texture and Crystallinity of Evaporated Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films for Near-Infrared Sensitive Solar Cells
Controlling the Texture and Crystallinity of Evaporated Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films for Near-Infrared Sensitive Solar Cells Karolien Vasseur,, Katharina Broch,§ Alexander L. Ayzner, Barry P. Rand, David Cheyns: To achieve organic solar cells with a broadened spectral absorption, we aim to promote the growth of the near
Schreiber, Frank
SOLA DATA MANUAL Jan Paul Berdahl, Donald Grether, Marlo Martin, and Michael Wahlig ronment Division Solar Energy
Your Community With Solar
Powering Your Community With Solar: Overcoming Market and Implementation Barriers Lessons from successful Solarize campaigns help communities seize volume discounts through collective purchasing The first Solarize program began in Portland, Oregon, as a grassroots campaign for collective SunShot will work
Cool Earth Solar
In a public-private partnership that takes full advantage of the Livermore Valley Open Campus (LVOC) for the first time, Sandia National Laboratories and Cool Earth Solar have signed an agreement that could make solar energy more affordable and accessible. In this piece, representatives from Sandia, Cool Earth Solar, and leaders in California government all discuss the unique partnership and its expected impact.
Lamkin, Rob; McIlroy, Andy; Swalwell, Eric; Rajan, Kish
Solar Policy Environment: Tucson
The Tucson Solar Initiative seeks to institutionalize the value of nine years of solar energy development experience, secure the promise of renewable energy investment funds, facilitate the installation of a significant volume of installations in the community and establish a mechanism for sustainable solar integration for the future.
Standard Solar Model
Solar models are important in our understanding of stars and stellar evolution. Solar models have been constructed using different methods. In this work, a solar model will be built using the fitting method. The model will incorporate the most recent input data. The model will be evolved to the current epoch starting from the zero-age main sequence model.
Loong, Lim Yaw; Yusof, Norhasliza; Kassim, Hasan Abu [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Solar Policy Environment: Milwaukee
The City of Milwaukee�s SAC Initiative, Milwaukee Shines, works to reduce informational, economic and procedural barriers to the widespread adoption of solar energy systems. While the City of Milwaukee and its partners have demonstrated commitment and experience in implementing solar technologies, Milwaukee Shines aims to enhance these efforts and make solar a viable alternative throughout the region.
Digital Solar Explorer Introduction
Digital Solar Explorer Introduction Description Content Design Physical Interaction An element of interactivity is added to the Digital Solar Explorer exhibit through the use of a controller. Simple, intuitive the learning process, which is the number one goal of the Digital Solar Explorer exhibit. Essentially, the user
Zanibbi, Richard
7Name ________________________________ Solar Electricity.
be attached directly to the outer surface of a satellite, or can be found on `solar panels' that the satellite. If the satellite is not big enough, additional solar panels may be needed to supply the electricity) The solar cells produce 0.03 watts per square cm, so the power available is 39819 x 0.03 = 1194 watts
In recent years solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth due to the technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and also governments policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. In this paper we will present possibilities for development and deployment of solar energy. We will use Kosovo to compare the existing power production potential and future possible potential by using solar energy.
Loreta N. Gashi; Sabedin A. Meha; Besnik A. Duriqi; Fatos S. Haxhimusa
Quantifying PV power output variability,� Solar Energy, vol.each solar sen at node i, P(t) the total power output of theSolar Forecasting Historically, traditional power generation technologies such as fossil and nu- clear power which were designed to run in stable output
Conservation and solar guidelines
Guidelines are given for selecting R-values and infiltration levels, and determining the size of the solar collection area for passive solar buildings. The guidelines are based on balancing the incremental cost/benefit of conservation and passive solar strategies. Tables are given for 90 cities in the US and the results are also displayed on maps. An example is included.
Balcomb, J.D.
An Infrared Spectral Library for Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring...
An Infrared Spectral Library for Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring. An Infrared Spectral Library for Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring. Abstract: Infrared (IR) spectroscopy...
Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-II
The results of the second phase of the Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino measurement are presented and compared to the first phase. The solar neutrino flux spectrum and time-variation as well as oscillation results are statistically consistent with the first phase and do not show spectral distortion. The time-dependent flux measurement of the combined first and second phases coincides with the full period of solar cycle 23 and shows no correlation with solar activity. The measured boron 8 total flux is 2.38 +/-0.05(stat.) +0.16-0.15(sys.) X 10^6 cm^-2 sec^-1 and the day-night difference is found to be -6.3 +/-4.2(stat.) +/-3.7(sys.) %. There is no evidence of systematic tendencies between the first and second phases.
The Super-Kamiokande collaboration
Seeing The Solar Corona in Three Dimensions
The large availability and rich spectral coverage of today's observational data of the solar corona, and the high spatial and temporal resolution of many instruments, has enabled the evolution of three-dimensional (3D) physical models to a great level of detail. However, the 3D information provided by the data is rather limited as every instrument observes from a single angle of vision, or two at the most in the case of the STEREO mission. Two powerful available observational techniques to infer detailed 3D information of the solar corona from empirical data are stereoscopy and tomography. In particular, the technique known as \\emph{differential emission measure tomography} (DEMT) allows determination of the 3D distribution of the coronal electron density and temperature in the inner corona. This paper summarizes the main technical aspects of DEMT, reviews all published work based on it, and comments its future development and applications.
V�squez, Alberto Marcos
A Compressible High-Order Unstructured Spectral Difference Code for Stratified Convection in Rotating Spherical Shells
We present a novel and powerful Compressible High-ORder Unstructured Spectral-difference (CHORUS) code for simulating thermal convection and related fluid dynamics in the interiors of stars and planets. The computational geometries are treated as rotating spherical shells filled with stratified gas. The hydrodynamic equations are discretized by a robust and efficient high-order Spectral Difference Method (SDM) on unstructured meshes. The computational stencil of the spectral difference method is compact and advantageous for parallel processing. CHORUS demonstrates excellent parallel performance for all test cases reported in this paper, scaling up to 12,000 cores on the Yellowstone High-Performance Computing cluster at NCAR. The code is verified by defining two benchmark cases for global convection in Jupiter and the Sun. CHORUS results are compared with results from the ASH code and good agreement is found. The CHORUS code creates new opportunities for simulating such varied phenomena as multi-scale solar co...
Wang, Junfeng; Miesch, Mark S
Petrovay: Solar physics Solar wind and heliosphere THE SOLAR WIND AND THE HELIOSPHERE
with high first ionization potential are underrepresented in solar wind. Probable cause: ambipolar diffusion: Solar physics Solar wind and heliosphere Potential explanation: belt due to higher pressurePetrovay: Solar physics Solar wind and heliosphere THE SOLAR WIND AND THE HELIOSPHERE 1951: First
Magnetohydrodynamics and Solar Physics
In this short review, I present some of the recent progresses on the pending questions of solar physics. These questions let us revisit the solar wind, the solar dynamo problem, the dynamics of the photosphere and finally have a glimpse at other solar type stars. Discussing the use of direct numerical simulations in solar physics, I show that the full numerical calculation of the flow in a single supergranule would require more electric power than the luminosity of the sun itself with present computer technology.
Rieutord, Michel
Author's Accepted Manuscript Tandem structured spectrally selective coating
across the wide solar spectrum has important implications for applications in solar-thermal of solar spectrum, which will find broad applications in solar energy conversion. Keywords: tandem, solar absorption, solar thermal. Introduction The Earth receives an enormous amount of incoming solar
Fainman, Yeshaiahu
Hybrid least squares multivariate spectral analysis methods
A set of hybrid least squares multivariate spectral analysis methods in which spectral shapes of components or effects not present in the original calibration step are added in a following prediction or calibration step to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the amount of the original components in the sampled mixture. The hybrid method herein means a combination of an initial calibration step with subsequent analysis by an inverse multivariate analysis method. A spectral shape herein means normally the spectral shape of a non-calibrated chemical component in the sample mixture but can also mean the spectral shapes of other sources of spectral variation, including temperature drift, shifts between spectrometers, spectrometer drift, etc. The shape can be continuous, discontinuous, or even discrete points illustrative of the particular effect.
Haaland, David M.
A set of hybrid least squares multivariate spectral analysis methods in which spectral shapes of components or effects not present in the original calibration step are added in a following estimation or calibration step to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the amount of the original components in the sampled mixture. The "hybrid" method herein means a combination of an initial classical least squares analysis calibration step with subsequent analysis by an inverse multivariate analysis method. A "spectral shape" herein means normally the spectral shape of a non-calibrated chemical component in the sample mixture but can also mean the spectral shapes of other sources of spectral variation, including temperature drift, shifts between spectrometers, spectrometer drift, etc. The "shape" can be continuous, discontinuous, or even discrete points illustrative of the particular effect.
Haaland, David M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Photovoltaic solar concentrator
A photovoltaic solar concentrator is disclosed with one or more transverse-junction solar cells (also termed point contact solar cells) and a lens located above each solar cell to concentrate sunlight onto the solar cell to generate electricity. Piezoelectric actuators tilt or translate each lens to track the sun using a feedback-control circuit which senses the electricity generated by one or more of the solar cells. The piezoelectric actuators can be coupled through a displacement-multiplier linkage to provide an increased range of movement of each lens. Each lens in the solar concentrator can be supported on a frame (also termed a tilt plate) having three legs, with the movement of the legs being controlled by the piezoelectric actuators.
Nielson, Gregory N.; Okandan, Murat; Resnick, Paul J.; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis
Sign singularity and flares in solar active region NOAA 11158
Solar Active Region NOAA 11158 has hosted a number of strong flares, including one X2.2 event. The complexity of current density and current helicity are studied through cancellation analysis of their sign-singular measure, which features power-law scaling. Spectral analysis is also performed, revealing the presence of two separate scaling ranges with different spectral index. The time evolution of parameters is discussed. Sudden changes of the cancellation exponents at the time of large flares, and the presence of correlation with EUV and X-ray flux, suggest that eruption of large flares can be linked to the small scale properties of the current structures.
Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Kazachenko, Maria D; Krucker, Sam; Primavera, Leonardo; Servidio, Sergio; Vecchio, Antonio; Welsch, Brian T; Fisher, George H; Lepreti, Fabio; Carbone, Vincenzo
Theory of heating of hot magnetized plasma by Alfven waves. Application for solar corona
The heating of magnetized plasma by propagation of Alfven waves is calculated as a function of the magnetic field spectral density. The results can be applied to evaluate the heating power of the solar corona at known data from satellites' magnetometers. This heating rate can be incorporated in global models for heating of the solar corona and creation of the solar wind. The final formula for the heating power is illustrated with a model spectral density of the magnetic field obtained by analysis of the Voyager 1 mission results. The influence of high frequency dissipative modes is also taken into account and it is concluded that for evaluation of the total coronal heating it is necessary to know the spectral density of the fluctuating component of the magnetic field up to the frequency of electron-proton collisions.
T. M. Mishonov; M. V. Stoev; Y. G. Maneva
The method is described of closely controlling the reactor water coolant temperature of an operating spectral-shift nuclear reactor, the reactor comprising a core formed of fuel assemblies through which the reactor water coolant flows; different types of elongated elements operable to be controllably moved into and out of the core; one type of the elongated elements comprising control rods formed of neutron absorbing material and operable to decrease reactivity through neutron absorption when inserted into the core; another of the types of elongated elements comprising displacer rods formed of material which has a low absorption for neutrons and which have overall neutron-absorbing and moderating characteristics essentially not exceeding those of hollow tubular Zircaloy members with a filling zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide, the displacer rods operating to displace an equivalent volume of water coolant fluid from the core when inserted therein to decrease reactivity and to increase reactivity when moved from the core.
California Solar Initiative- Solar Thermal Program
'''''Note: This program was modified by AB 2249, signed in September 2012. The bill allows for non-residential solar pool heating to qualify for incentives, and requires program administrators to...
Homebuyer Solar Option and Solar Offset Program
[http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009-SOPR-1/documents/sb_1_bill_20060821_chapte... Senate Bill 1 of 2006], which established the statewide California Solar Initiative, also required the California Energy...
Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) will be a valuable tool for observing the chromosphere of our Sun at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolution and as such has great potential to address long-standing scientific questions in solar physics. In order to make the best use of this scientific opportunity, the Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network has been initiated. A key goal of this international collaboration is to support the preparation and interpretation of future observations of the Sun with ALMA.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Brajsa, Roman; Barta, Miroslav; Shimojo, Masumi
Renewable Energy Ready Home Solar Photovoltaic Specifications...
Renewable Energy Ready Home Solar Photovoltaic Specifications Renewable Energy Ready Home Solar Photovoltaic Specifications Solar Photovoltaic Specification, Checklist and Guide,...
Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion | Department of Energy
Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Efficiencies of different types of solar thermoelectric generators were predicted using theoretical...
Helioseismology and Solar Abundances
Helioseismology has allowed us to study the structure of the Sun in unprecedented detail. One of the triumphs of the theory of stellar evolution was that helioseismic studies had shown that the structure of solar models is very similar to that of the Sun. However, this agreement has been spoiled by recent revisions of the solar heavy-element abundances. Heavy element abundances determine the opacity of the stellar material and hence, are an important input to stellar model calculations. The models with the new, low abundances do not satisfy helioseismic constraints. We review here how heavy-element abundances affect solar models, how these models are tested with helioseismology, and the impact of the new abundances on standard solar models. We also discuss the attempts made to improve the agreement of the low-abundance models with the Sun and discuss how helioseismology is being used to determine the solar heavy-element abundance. A review of current literature shows that attempts to improve agreement between solar models with low heavy-element abundances and seismic inference have been unsuccessful so far. The low-metallicity models that have the least disagreement with seismic data require changing all input physics to stellar models beyond their acceptable ranges. Seismic determinations of the solar heavy-element abundance yield results that are consistent with the older, higher values of the solar abundance, and hence, no major changes to the inputs to solar models are required to make higher-metallicity solar models consistent with helioseismic data.
Sarbani Basu; H. M. Antia
Absolute spectral radiance responsivity calibration of sun photometers
Sun photometers are designed to measure direct solar irradiance and diffused sky radiance for the purpose of atmospheric parameters characterization. A sun photometer is usually calibrated by using a lamp-illuminated integrating sphere source for its band-averaged radiance responsivity, which normally has an uncertainty of 3%-5% at present. Considering the calibration coefficients may also change with time, a regular high precision calibration is important to maintain data quality. In this paper, a tunable-laser-based facility for spectral radiance responsivity calibration has been developed at the Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A reference standard radiance radiometer, calibrated against cryogenic radiometer, is used to determine the radiance from a laser-illuminated integrating sphere source. Spectral radiance responsivity of CIMEL CE318-2 sun photometer is calibrated using this new calibration system with a combined standard uncertainty of about 0.8%. As a validation, the derived band-averaged radiance responsivity are compared to that from a Goddard Space Flight Center lamp-based sphere calibration and good agreements (difference <1.4%) are found from 675 to 1020 nm bands.
Xu Qiuyun; Zheng Xiaobing; Zhang Wei; Wang Xianhua; Li Jianjun; Li Xin [Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Li Zhengqiang [Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, Universite Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655 (France) and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 (China)
Petrovay: Solar physics The solar cycle ACTIVE REGIONS
Petrovay: Solar physics The solar cycle ACTIVE REGIONS Large scale (up to 100 Mm) anomalies in the structure and radiation of the solar atmosphere. Photosphere : AR = cluster of strong magnetic flux tubes of facular points. Filamentary structure due to supergranulation. #12;Petrovay: Solar physics The solar cycle
6/19/2013 1 Rooftop Solar Potential Distributed Solar Power in NW Massoud Jourabchi June 2013 1 in 2012 4 #12;6/19/2013 3 Regional Growth In Solar Energy Consumption Solar consumption both Thermal and PV h b t d i i lhas been on steady increase since early 1990s. From 2000-2010 Solar PV grow
Connectable solar air collectors Solar Energy Centre Denmark
Connectable solar air collectors Solar Energy Centre Denmark Danish Technological Institute SEC-R-22 #12;Connectable solar air collectors Søren �?stergaard Jensen Miroslav Bosanac Solar Energy Centre Søren �?stergaard Jensen and Miroslav Bosanac Solar Energy Centre, Danish Technological Institute
Connectable solar air collectors Solar Energy Centre Denmark Danish Technological Institute SEC-R-22 #12;Connectable solar air collectors Søren �?stergaard Jensen Miroslav Bosanac Solar Energy Centre for renewable energy of the Danish Energy Agency. The project group behind the project was: Solar Energy Centre
fabrication of solar collector panels. adhesives and bondingdirectly to solar collector panels. the solar selectivefabrication of solar collector panels. However, the finish
Lampert, Carl M.
NEEDS FOR SOLAR RADIATION DATA SUMMARY AND DESCRIPTION OFSOURCES OF SOLAR RADIATION DATA CALI FORN IA SOLAR DATA MANNEED FOR SOLAR RADIATION DATA - Made direct contacts with
et al. , April 1975. 4. Solar Thermal Conversion Missionof.Several Central Reveiver Solar Thermal Power Plant Designterm solar energy are: Included solar thermal conversion to
Davidson, M.
Solar opacities constrained by solar neutrinos and solar oscillations
This review discusses the current situation for opacities at the solar center, the solar surface, and for the few million kelvin temperatures that occur below the convection zone. The solar center conditions are important because they are crucial for the neutrino production, which continues to be predicted about 4 times that observed. The main extinction effects there are free-free photon absorption in the electric fields of the hydrogen, helium and the CNO atoms, free electron scattering of photons, and the bound-free and bound-bound absorption of photons by iron atoms with two electrons in the 1s bound level. An assumption that the iron is condensed-out below the convection zone, and the opacity in the central regions is thereby reduced, results in about a 25 percent reduction in the central opacity but only a 5 percent reduction at the base of the convection zone. Furthermore, the p-mode solar oscillations are changed with this assumption, and do not fit the observed ones as well as for standard models. A discussion of the large effective opacity reduction by weakly interacting massive particles also results in poor agreement with observed p-mode oscillation frequencies. The much larger opacities for the solar surface layers from the Los Alamos Astrophysical Opacity Library instead of the widely used Cox and Tabor values show small improvements in oscillation frequency predictions, but the largest effect is in the discussion of p-mode stability. Solar oscillation frequencies can serve as an opacity experiment for the temperatures and densities, respectively, of a few million kelvin and between 0.1 and 10 g/cm/sup 3/. Current oscillation frequency calculations indicate that possibly the Opacity Library values need an increase of typically 15 percent just at the bottom of the convection zone at 3 /times/ 10/sup 6/K. 41 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.
Cox, A.N.
Spectral Clustering of Synchronous Spike Trains 1 Spectral Clustering of Synchronous
Spectral Clustering of Synchronous Spike Trains 1 Spectral Clustering of Synchronous Spike Trains, University of Florida #12;Spectral Clustering of Synchronous Spike Trains 2 Outline Introduction Distance between two spike trains Clustering algorithm Results António Paiva, Sudhir Rao, Il Park and José Príncipe
Paiva, António R. C.
The Solar Argon Abundance
The solar argon abundance cannot be directly derived by spectroscopic observations of the solar photosphere. The solar Ar abundance is evaluated from solar wind measurements, nucleosynthetic arguments, observations of B stars, HII regions, planetary nebulae, and noble gas abundances measured in Jupiter's atmosphere. These data lead to a recommended argon abundance of N(Ar) = 91,200(+/-)23,700 (on a scale where Si = 10^6 atoms). The recommended abundance for the solar photosphere (on a scale where log N(H) = 12) is A(Ar)photo = 6.50(+/-)0.10, and taking element settling into account, the solar system (protosolar) abundance is A(Ar)solsys = 6.57(+/-)0.10.
Katharina Lodders
Solar Chemical Peculiarities?
Several investigations of FGK stars in the solar neighborhood have suggested that thin-disk stars with an iron abundance similar to the Sun appear to show higher abundances of other elements, such as silicon, titanium, or nickel. Offsets could arise if the samples contain stars with ages, mean galactocentric distances, or kinematics, that differ on average from the solar values. They could also arise due to systematic errors in the abundance determinations, if the samples contain stars that are different from the Sun regarding their atmospheric parameters. We re-examine this issue by studying a sample of 80 nearby stars with solar-like colors and luminosities. Among these solar "analogs", the objects with solar iron abundances exhibit solar abundances of carbon, silicon, calcium, titanium and nickel.
Carlos Allende Prieto
Solar Decathlon 2005
Solar Decathlon 2005 is a U.S. Department of Energy and National Renewable Energy Laboratory competition involving 19 colleges and universities from the United States, Canada, and Spain. These teams will compete to design, build, and demonstrate solar homes. In fall 2005, teams will transport their competition solar houses to Washington, D.C., where they will construct a solar village on the National Mall. When the houses are assembled, the teams will compete against each other in 10 contests (hence, a decathlon) for about a week. The contests range from design to comfort to energy performance. Each team must provide an aesthetically pleasing entry that produces sufficient solar energy for space conditioning, hot water, lighting, appliances, and an electric car. The Solar Decathlon is co-sponsored by BP, The Home Depot, the American Institute of Architects, the National Association of Home Builders, and the DIY Network. For more information, visit the Web site at www.solardecathlon.org.
Warner, C.; Nahan, R.; King, R.
Solar thermal aircraft
A solar thermal powered aircraft powered by heat energy from the sun. A heat engine, such as a Stirling engine, is carried by the aircraft body for producing power for a propulsion mechanism, such as a propeller. The heat engine has a thermal battery in thermal contact with it so that heat is supplied from the thermal battery. A solar concentrator, such as reflective parabolic trough, is movably connected to an optically transparent section of the aircraft body for receiving and concentrating solar energy from within the aircraft. Concentrated solar energy is collected by a heat collection and transport conduit, and heat transported to the thermal battery. A solar tracker includes a heliostat for determining optimal alignment with the sun, and a drive motor actuating the solar concentrator into optimal alignment with the sun based on a determination by the heliostat.
Bennett, Charles L. (Livermore, CA)
Solar Policy Environment: Philadelphia
The project will identify promising locations for photovoltaic installations and create a roadmap for commercial and residential system developers. The roadmap, published as the Solar Developers Guide to Philadelphia, will be used to promote and attract solar energy investment. Philadelphia�s long-term goal for solar energy is to fully utilize the potential of solar energy to safely, reliably, and cost-effectively displace the use of energy generated by fossil fuels. To achieve its solar energy goals, the City of Philadelphia must add large commercial scale (> 500 kW) solar installations to its ongoing efforts on the smaller scale (we note that a new 1 MW PV installation will be installed at the Philadelphia Navy Yard by the end of 2008).
Iterative Speech Enhancement With Spectral Constraints
Iterative Speech Enhancement With Spectral Constraints John H. Hansen and Mark A. Clements Georgia iterative speech enhancementtechnique based on spectral constraints is presented in this paper estimate of a speech waveform in additive white noise. Thenew approach applies inter- and intra
Texas at Dallas, University of
Gauge Invariant Spectral Cauchy Characteristic Extraction
We present gauge invariant spectral Cauchy characteristic extraction. We compare gravitational waveforms extracted from a head-on black hole merger simulated in two different gauges by two different codes. We show rapid convergence, demonstrating both gauge invariance of the extraction algorithm and consistency between the legacy Pitt null code and the much faster Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC).
Casey J. Handmer; B�la Szil�gyi; Jeffrey Winicour
Spectral asymptotics for coupled Dirac operators
In this thesis, we study the problem of asymptotic spectral flow for a family of coupled Dirac operators. We prove that the leading order term in the spectral flow on an n dimensional manifold is of order r n+1/2 followed ...
Savale, Nikhil, Jr. (Nikhil A.)
Ashland, Orgen's solar strategy
The conceptualization, implementation, and experiences of a small southern Oregon community in attempting to increase the energy efficiency of new residential developments is outlined. The two main ordinances used are (1) a city-wide solar access ordinance, which establishes a special solar setback in the city, and (2) a new development code for housing, which provides for powerful incentives for passive solar housing. Successes and insights gained from the experience are discussed.
Fegonese, J.A.
for doubling solar panel
An outline for doubling solar panel efficiency C o l o ra do S c ho o l of M i ne s Ma g a z i ne Take a look at a solar panel on a sunny Colorado day and, if you're like most people, you won't see physics professor and solar energy researcher, who admits to checking out his panels and their energy
Solar Policy Environment: Seattle
The objective of the Emerald City Solar Initiative is to overcome the barriers to widespread deployment of solar energy technology, dramatically increasing residential, commercial, City-owned, and community-scale solar energy use. The City has assembled a strong team of partners that have proven track records in the fields of public planning, renewable energy resource mapping, financial analysis, site analysis, education and outreach, policy analysis and advocacy, community organizing and renewable energy project development.
Heterojunction solar cell
A high-efficiency single heterojunction solar cell is described wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga[sub 0.52]In[sub 0.48]P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs absorber layer. The conversion efficiency of the solar cell is at least 25.7%. The solar cell preferably includes a passivating layer between the substrate and the absorber layer. An anti-reflection coating is preferably disposed over the emitter layer. 1 fig.
Olson, J.M.
Solar radiation intensity calculations
SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY CALCULATIONS A Thesis by RANDOLPH STEVEN LEVINE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partia'l fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1978 Major Subject...: Physics SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY CALCULATIONS A Thesis by RANDOLPH STEVEN LEVINE Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committee) (Member) (Member) ( member) (Head of Department) December 1978 f219 037 ABSTRACT Solar Radiation...
Levine, Randolph Steven
Solar selective absorption coatings
A new class of solar selective absorption coatings are disclosed. These coatings comprise a structured metallic overlayer such that the overlayer has a sub-micron structure designed to efficiently absorb solar radiation, while retaining low thermal emissivity for infrared thermal radiation. A sol-gel layer protects the structured metallic overlayer from mechanical, thermal, and environmental degradation. Processes for producing such solar selective absorption coatings are also disclosed.
Mahoney, Alan R. (Albuquerque, NM); Reed, Scott T. (Albuquerque, NM); Ashley, Carol S. (Albuquerque, NM); Martinez, F. Edward (Horseheads, NY)
Guidelines are given for selecting R-values and infiltration levels, and determining the size of the solar collection area for passive solar buildings. The guidelines are based on balancing the incremental cost/benefit of conservation and passive solar strategies. Tables are given for 90 cities in the United States and the results are also displayed on maps. The procedures are developed in an appendix, which gives the cost assumptions used and explains how to develop different guidelines for different costs.
Apparatus for synthesis of a solar spectrum
A xenon arc lamp and a tungsten filament lamp provide light beams that together contain all the wavelengths required to accurately simulate a solar spectrum. Suitable filter apparatus selectively direct visible and ultraviolet light from the xenon arc lamp into two legs of a trifurcated randomized fiber optic cable. Infrared light selectively filtered from the tungsten filament lamp is directed into the third leg of the fiber optic cable. The individual optic fibers from the three legs are brought together in a random fashion into a single output leg. The output beam emanating from the output leg of the trifurcated randomized fiber optic cable is extremely uniform and contains wavelengths from each of the individual filtered light beams. This uniform output beam passes through suitable collimation apparatus before striking the surface of the solar cell being tested. Adjustable aperture apparatus located between the lamps and the input legs of the trifurcated fiber optic cable can be selectively adjusted to limit the amount of light entering each leg, thereby providing a means of "fine tuning" or precisely adjusting the spectral content of the output beam. Finally, an adjustable aperture apparatus may also be placed in the output beam to adjust the intensity of the output beam without changing the spectral content and distribution of the output beam.
Sopori, Bhushan L. (Denver, CO)
Solar Power Purchase Agreements
Solar Power Purchase Agreements Brian Millberg | Energy Manager, City of Minneapolis Direct Ownership * Financial: Even at 3kW installed cost, simple payback is 18 years (initial...
Solar Heating in Uppsala.
?? The housing corporation Uppsalahem has installed asolar heating system in the neighbourhood Haubitsen,which was renovated in 2011. This report examineshow much energy the solar� (more)
Blomqvist, Emelie; H�ger, Klara
This presentation was delivered at the SunShot Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Program Review 2013, held April 23�25, 2013 near Phoenix, Arizona.
Long Island Solar Farm
The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) is a remarkable success story, whereby very different interest groups found a way to capitalize on unusual circumstances to develop a mutually beneficial source of renewable energy. The uniqueness of the circumstances that were necessary to develop the Long Island Solar Farm make it very difficult to replicate. The project is, however, an unparalleled resource for solar energy research, which will greatly inform large-scale PV solar development in the East. Lastly, the LISF is a superb model for the process by which the project developed and the innovation and leadership shown by the different players.
Anders, R.
Prison Solar Project
Presentation covers the Prison Solar Project for the Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting, held on November 18-19, 2009.
Deed Restrictions for Solar
This report summarizes the efforts made to address Task 3 - Examples of Residential Deed Restrictions Allowing Solar. The focus of the study is on communities surrounding Houston, Texas.
Flexible Assembly Solar Technology
2007-2010 BrightSource Energy, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Flexible Assembly Solar Technology Binyamin Koretz Director, Strategic Planning & IP 2 Proprietary &...
Passive solar technology
The present status of passive solar technology is summarized, including passive solar heating, cooling and daylighting. The key roles of the passive solar system designer and of innovation in the building industry are described. After definitions of passive design and a summary of passive design principles are given, performance and costs of passive solar technology are discussed. Passive energy design concepts or methods are then considered in the context of the overall process by which building decisions are made to achieve the integration of new techniques into conventional design. (LEW).
Watson, D
Passive solar design handbook
The Passive Solar Design Handbook, Volume Three updates Volume Two by presenting extensive new data on the optimum mix of conservation and solar direct gain, sunspaces, thermal storage walls, and solar radiation. The direct gain, thermal storage wall, and solar radiation data are greatly expanded relative to the Volume 2 coverage. The needed flexibility to analyze a variety of system designs is accommodated by the large number of reference designs to be encompassed - 94 in contrast to 6 in Volume two - and the large amount of sensitivity data for direct gain and sunspace systems - approximately 1100 separate curves.
Jones, R.W.
Solar energt focusing means
A highly efficient solar focusing means being hollow and in semi-cylindrical or arcuate shape, the surface has such fine menisci as to act like convex lenses to focus solar rays towards the center of the focusing body, irrespective of the position of the sun, where a solar energy conversion device is located and further acts to disperse light reflected thereonto from the solar energy conversion device. The focusing body can assume several shapes and thus can be used for roofing of a building, such as a house, or the like, and still be aesthetically pleasing.
Tsubota, J.
Utah's Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing requires installers of solar energy systems to be licensed contractors. General electrical contractors carrying an S200 license are...
Scattering Solar Thermal Concentrators
is a rendering of a scattering solar concentrator. Light collected by a cylindrical Fresnel lens is focused within a curved glass "guide" sheet, where it is redirected into...
The Solar Chimney
Hot air for the solar chimney is produced by the greenhouse effect in a simple air collec- tor consisting only of a glass or plastic film covering stretched�...
Research Award Program work on. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Shining Stars of Solar: Meet Three SunShot Postdoctoral Award Recipients...
Soft costs now account for more than 60% of the total price of installing residential solar energy systems.
collected and discuss what has happened in their stills. June 20, 2014 Photovoltaics and Solar Energy (2 Activities) This module addresses issues dealing with the energy from the...
Solar Decathlon 2009 (Brochure)
This brochure provides key information about Solar Decathlon 2009--the dates, the background of the competition and event, and where to go for more information.
Washington County- Solar Ordinance
Provides for zoning restrictions on solar energy systems, including (1) six foot setbacks; (2) 20 foot height limitations on freestanding systems; (3) limitations on square feet of freestanding...
Solar and Wind Rights
Illinois law prohibits homeowners' associations, common interest community associations and condominium unit owners' associations from preventing homeowners from using or installing solar energy...
Passive solar space heating
An overview of passive solar space heating is presented indicating trends in design, new developments, performance measures, analytical design aids, and monitored building results.
?? Photovoltaic power has become one of the most popular research area in new energy field. In this report, the case of household solar power� (more)
Jiang, He
Community Solar Scenario Tool: Planning for a Fruitful Solar Garden
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
As part of a Do-It-Yourself Solar Market Analysis summer series, NREL's Solar Technical Assistance Team (STAT) is presenting a live webinar titled, "Community Solar Scenario Tool: Planning for a...
Method of photon spectral analysis
A spectroscopic method to rapidly measure the presence of plutonium in soils, filters, smears, and glass waste forms by measuring the uranium L-shell x-ray emissions associated with the decay of plutonium. In addition, the technique can simultaneously acquire spectra of samples and automatically analyze them for the amount of americium and [gamma]-ray emitting activation and fission products present. The samples are counted with a large area, thin-window, n-type germanium spectrometer which is equally efficient for the detection of low-energy x-rays (10-2,000 keV), as well as high-energy [gamma] rays (>1 MeV). A 8,192- or 16,384 channel analyzer is used to acquire the entire photon spectrum at one time. A dual-energy, time-tagged pulser, that is injected into the test input of the preamplifier to monitor the energy scale, and detector resolution. The L x-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a linear-least-squares spectral fitting technique. The [gamma]-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a standard Ge [gamma]-ray analysis program. This method can be applied to any analysis involving x- and [gamma]-ray analysis in one spectrum and is especially useful when interferences in the x-ray region can be identified from the [gamma]-ray analysis and accommodated during the x-ray analysis.
Gehrke, R.J.; Putnam, M.H.; Killian, E.W.; Helmer, R.G.; Kynaston, R.L.; Goodwin, S.G.; Johnson, L.O.
A spectroscopic method to rapidly measure the presence of plutonium in soils, filters, smears, and glass waste forms by measuring the uranium L-shell x-ray emissions associated with the decay of plutonium. In addition, the technique can simultaneously acquire spectra of samples and automatically analyze them for the amount of americium and .gamma.-ray emitting activation and fission products present. The samples are counted with a large area, thin-window, n-type germanium spectrometer which is equally efficient for the detection of low-energy x-rays (10-2000 keV), as well as high-energy .gamma. rays (>1 MeV). A 8192- or 16,384 channel analyzer is used to acquire the entire photon spectrum at one time. A dual-energy, time-tagged pulser, that is injected into the test input of the preamplifier to monitor the energy scale, and detector resolution. The L x-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a linear-least-squares spectral fitting technique. The .gamma.-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a standard Ge .gamma.-ray analysis program. This method can be applied to any analysis involving x- and .gamma.-ray analysis in one spectrum and is especially useful when interferences in the x-ray region can be identified from the .gamma.-ray analysis and accommodated during the x-ray analysis.
Gehrke, Robert J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Putnam, Marie H. (Idaho Falls, ID); Killian, E. Wayne (Idaho Falls, ID); Helmer, Richard G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Kynaston, Ronnie L. (Blackfoot, ID); Goodwin, Scott G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Johnson, Larry O. (Pocatello, ID)
High Performance Nanostructured Spectrally Selective Coating
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 91 (2007) 13881391 Bifacial configurations for CdTe solar cells
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 91 (2007) 13881391 Bifacial configurations for CdTe solar We present a different back contact for CdTe solar cell by the application of only a transparent that acts as a free-Cu stable back contact and at the same time allows to realize bifacial CdTe solar cells
Romeo, Alessandro
Solar Position Algorithm for Solar Radiation Applications (Revised...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Revised January 2008 * NRELTP-560-34302 Solar Position Algorithm for Solar Radiation Applications Ibrahim Reda and Afshin Andreas National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole...
Francisco, California Includes case studies on: * Using a Web-based Solar Map to Provide Solar Information to the Public * Targeting Commercial Property Owners through the Mayor's...
Berkeley, California Includes case studies on: * Smart Solar Independent Client Advising Service * BerkeleyFIRST-A Property Assessed Clean Energy Financing Program * Berkeley Solar...
and incentives for siting solar water heating systems at homes with electric water heating systems. * In 2005, the Solar Electric Power Association awarded a Business...
Solar Easements and Local Option Solar Rights Laws
Utah's solar easement provisions are similar to easement provisions in many other states. Parties may voluntarily enter into written solar easement contracts that are enforceable by law. An...
Technologies * Engaging Existing Industry to Promote Market Expansion * Allowing Solar Energy Systems in Historic Districts October 2011 Solar in Action The City of...
EA-1798: Abengoa Solar's Mojave Solar Project near Barstow, CA...
Final Environmental Assessment Loan Guarantee to Mojave Solar, LLC for the Abengoa Mojave Solar Project near Barstow, California July 8, 2011 EA-1798: Finding of No Significant...
Passive Solar Building Design and Solar Thermal Space Heating Webinar
Webinar of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Senior Engineer Andy Walker's presentation about passive solar building design and solar thermal space heating technologies and applications.
Concentrating Solar Power: Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) (Fact Sheet)
Fact sheet summarizing the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its concentrating solar power subprogram.
The Texas Solar D House
The Solar Decathlon provided a national forum for competition among fourteen university student teams, each of which designed, built, and operated a totally solar-powered home with a home office and their transportation needs using a solar...
Garrison, M.
Alternative Energy Technologies Solar Power
#12;Alternative Energy Technologies Solar Power Photovoltaics Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Power;Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Reflector material is Aluminum or Silver Tube material ..... Several possible ............... Mexico, Canada, Peru Alumina ............Guinea, Brazil, Australia, Jamaica Manganese ....... S. Africa
Scott, Christopher
New Mexico's Solar Rights and Solar Recordation Acts (both contained in NMSA � 47-3) allow property owners to create solar easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to...
Looking back�sizing the 2008 solar market. � pp. 88�93.Iberdrola launches its first solar thermal power plant. �Analysis of a future solar market, management summary. Bonn,
Solar and Wind Contractor Licensing
The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP) is authorized to issue licenses for solar-thermal work, solar-electric work and wind-electric work. "Solar thermal work" is defined as "the...
Thermal Management of Solar Cells
Nanostructured Silicon- Based Solar Cells, 2013. X. C. Tong,heat exchangers, and solar cells," Sci-Tech News, vol. 65,in crystalline silicon solar cells," Renewable Energy, vol.
Saadah, Mohammed Ahmed
Bright Ideas in Solar Energy
www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/solar-wind/3-clever-Molten Nitrate Salt for Solar Energy Storage. Retrieved fromKrisch, J. (2014). 3 Clever New Ways to Store Solar Energy.
Melville, Jo
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION NEW SOLAR HOMES PARTNERSHIP FINALGUIDEBOOK DECEMBER 2006 CEC-300 Executive Director Payam Narvand Program Lead NEW SOLAR HOMES PARTNERSHIP Bill Blackburn Supervisor EMERGING RENEWABLES PROGRAM & NEW SOLAR HOMES PARTNERSHIP Drake Johnson Office Manager RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM
Solar News | Department of Energy
Solar News Solar News RSS March 11, 2014 U.S. and Colombia to Collaborate on First Solar Decathlon in Latin America U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman, Colombia's...
Molten Nitrate Salt for Solar Energy Storage. Retrieved fromNew Ways to Store Solar Energy. Retrieved from http://new-ways-to-store-solar-energy-16407404 Lenert, Andrej,
use of renewable energy sources such as solar. Of the totalin solar energy (New Energy Finance 2009) Source: New Energyin solar energy (New Energy Finance 2009) Source: New Energy
Augmented Classical Least Squares Multivariate Spectral Analysis
A method of multivariate spectral analysis, termed augmented classical least squares (ACLS), provides an improved CLS calibration model when unmodeled sources of spectral variation are contained in a calibration sample set. The ACLS methods use information derived from component or spectral residuals during the CLS calibration to provide an improved calibration-augmented CLS model. The ACLS methods are based on CLS so that they retain the qualitative benefits of CLS, yet they have the flexibility of PLS and other hybrid techniques in that they can define a prediction model even with unmodeled sources of spectral variation that are not explicitly included in the calibration model. The unmodeled sources of spectral variation may be unknown constituents, constituents with unknown concentrations, nonlinear responses, non-uniform and correlated errors, or other sources of spectral variation that are present in the calibration sample spectra. Also, since the various ACLS methods are based on CLS, they can incorporate the new prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method of updating the prediction model for new sources of spectral variation contained in the prediction sample set without having to return to the calibration process. The ACLS methods can also be applied to alternating least squares models. The ACLS methods can be applied to all types of multivariate data.
Haaland, David M. (Albuquerque, NM); Melgaard, David K. (Albuquerque, NM)
Augmented classical least squares multivariate spectral analysis
Haaland, David M.; Melgaard, David K.
Apparatus and system for multivariate spectral analysis
An apparatus and system for determining the properties of a sample from measured spectral data collected from the sample by performing a method of multivariate spectral analysis. The method can include: generating a two-dimensional matrix A containing measured spectral data; providing a weighted spectral data matrix D by performing a weighting operation on matrix A; factoring D into the product of two matrices, C and S.sup.T, by performing a constrained alternating least-squares analysis of D=CS.sup.T, where C is a concentration intensity matrix and S is a spectral shapes matrix; unweighting C and S by applying the inverse of the weighting used previously; and determining the properties of the sample by inspecting C and S. This method can be used by a spectrum analyzer to process X-ray spectral data generated by a spectral analysis system that can include a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an Energy Dispersive Detector and Pulse Height Analyzer.
Keenan, Michael R. (Albuquerque, NM); Kotula, Paul G. (Albuquerque, NM)
Solar Policy Environment: Berkeley
The goals of this project are to (1) accelerate the adoption of solar technology at the local level by engaging the City, service providers, end users and regulators; (2) provide a model for other cities; and (3) promote solar technology among residents and local businesses.
Matter & Energy Solar Energy
See Also: Matter & Energy Solar Energy· Electronics· Materials Science· Earth & Climate Energy and the Environment · Renewable Energy· Environmental Science · Reference Chemical compound· Semiconductor· Gallium at the University of Illinois, the future of solar energy just got brighter. Although silicon is the industry
Rogers, John A.
Solar Energy Fundamentals
Solar energy travels from the sun to the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation. In this course properties of electromagnetic radiation will be discussed and basic calculations for electromagnetic radiation will be described. Several solar position parameters will be discussed along with means of calculating
Harlan H. Bengtson; Harlan H. Bengtson
and solar activity
Abstract. Solar activity, together with human activity, is considered a possible factor for the global warming observed in the last century. However, in the last decades solar activity has remained more or less constant while surface air temperature has continued to increase, which is interpreted as an evidence that in this period human activity is the main factor for global warming. We show that the index commonly used for quantifying long-term changes in solar activity, the sunspot number, accounts for only one part of solar activity and using this index leads to the underestimation of the role of solar activity in the global warming in the recent decades. A more suitable index is the geomagnetic activity which reflects all solar activity, and it is highly correlated to global temperature variations in the whole period for which we have data. Key words. Solar activity, Global warming 1. Sunspot number and global temperature The most popular index of solar activity is the International sunspot number (R). A reconstruction
Memorie Della; K. Georgieva; C. Bianchi; B. Kirov
Solar Policy Environment: Portland
City of Portland�s Solar Now! Program will pursue solar market transformation for Portland residents, businesses, and city operations. The program will work with other City bureaus to ease the regulatory process by streamlining city-level regulations for contractors, homeowners and businesses. The City will use its influence as a regulator, educator and motivator to reach the larger regional community.
S. Guha, J. Yang, A. Banerjee, K. Hoffman, S. Sugiyama, and J. Call United Solar Systems Corp., Troy, Michigan 48084 USA
Conversion Devices, Inc., Troy, Michigan 48084 USA spectral-splitting, triple-junction a-S alloy solar cellS. Guha, J. Yang, A. Banerjee, K. Hoffman, S. Sugiyama, and J. Call United Solar Systems Corp., Troy, Michigan 48084 USA S. J. Jones, X. Deng, J. Doehler, M. lzu, and H. 6. Ovshinsky Energy
Deng, Xunming
Solar Policy Environment: Ann Arbor
The goal for Ann Arbor�s Solar America Cities program is to utilize a wide range of community partners and resources to remove market barriers to the adoption of solar energy while simultaneously increasing consumer awareness and demand, and helping solar energy manufacturers and contractors to succeed. Expected outcomes include a Solar Plan for Ann Arbor, one or more large-scale photovoltaic demonstration projects, more small-scale solar hot water and photovoltaic demonstration projects, greater consumer awareness of solar options, a simpler permitting process for solar projects, and proof that solar energy works even in cloudy cities.
Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (Poster)
SunShot Initiative awardee posters describing the different technologies within the four subprograms of the DOE Solar Program (Photovoltaics, Concentrating Solar Power, Soft Costs, and Systems Integration).
Stoffel, T.; Andreas, A.; Reda, I.; Dooraghi, M.; Habte, A.; Kutchenreiter, M.; Wilcox, S.
transportation costs. China's CSG Solar Glass Co. built theSolar Suntech Power, a Chinese crystalline silicon company with production in China,
ratio of the solar cell output power to the incident lightpower to operate the fan. Natural cooling is preferred for solar
Foundational Solar Resource Research (Poster)
Orwig, K.; Wilcox, S.; Sengupta, M.; Habte, A.; Anderberg, M.; Stoffel, T.
Solar Hot Water Contractor Licensing
Arkansas offers several limited, specialty licenses for solar thermal installers under the general plumbing license. There are three specialty classifications available for solar thermal...
SMUD- Residential Solar Loan Program
The Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Residential Loan Program provides 100% financing to customers who install solar water heating systems. All solar water heating systems must meet...
The Solar Neutrino Problem after the first results from Kamland
The first results from the KamLAND experiment have provided confirmational evidence for the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem. We do a global analysis of solar and the recently announced KamLAND data (both rate and spectrum) and investigate its effect on the allowed region in the $\\Delta m^2-\\tan^2\\theta$ plane. The best-fit from a combined analysis which uses the KamLAND rate plus global solar data comes at $\\Delta m^2 = 6.06 \\times 10^{-5}$ eV $^2$ and $\\tan^2\\theta=0.42$, very close to the global solar best-fit, leaving a large allowed region within the global solar LMA contour. The inclusion of the KamLAND spectral data in the global fit gives a best-fit $\\Delta m^2 = 7.15 \\times 10^{-5}$ eV $^2$ and $\\tan^2\\theta=0.42$ and constrains the allowed areas within LMA, leaving essentially two allowed zones. Maximal mixing though allowed by the KamLAND data alone is disfavored by the global solar data and remains disallowed at about $3\\sigma$. The LOW solution is now ruled out at about 5$\\sigma$ w.r.t. the LMA solution.
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay; Sandhya Choubey; Raj Gandhi; Srubabati Goswami; D. P. Roy
A model to determine financial indicators for organic solar cells
Organic solar cells are an emerging photovoltaic technology that is inexpensive and easy to manufacture, despite low efficiency and stability. A model, named TEEOS (Technical and Economic Evaluator for Organic Solar), is presented that evaluates organic solar cells for various solar energy applications in different geographic locations, in terms of two financial indicators, payback period and net present value (NPV). TEEOS uses SMARTS2 software to estimate broadband (280-4000 nm) spectral irradiance data and with the use of a cloud modification factor, predicts hourly irradiation in the absence of actual broadband irradiance data, which is scarce for most urban locations. By using the avoided cost of electricity, annual savings are calculated which produce the financial indicators. It is hoped that these financial indicators can help guide certain technical decisions regarding the direction of research for organic solar cells, for example, increasing efficiency or increasing the absorptive wavelength range. A sample calculation using solar hats is shown to be uneconomical, but a good example of large-scale organic PV production. (author)
Powell, Colin; Bender, Timothy; Lawryshyn, Yuri [Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ont. (Canada)
Solar Energy Kit | Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center
Solar Energy Kit Solar Energy Kit Solar Energy :: Kit Materials List Below is a list of the different Solar Energy kits available. For more details, download the Solar Energy Kit...
Direct measurements of band gap grading in polycrystalline CIGS solar cells
We present direct measurements of depth-resolved band gap variations of CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers. A new measurement technique combining parallel measurements of local thin-film interference and spectral photoluminescence was developed for this purpose. We find sample-dependent correlation parameters between measured band gap depth and composition profiles, and emphasize the importance of direct measurements. These results bring a quantitative insight into the electronic properties of the solar cells and open a new way to analyze parameters that determine the efficiency of solar cells.
M. P. Heinrich; Z-H. Zhang; Y. Zhang; O. Kiowski; M. Powalla; U. Lemmer; A. Slobodskyy
Heinrich, M P; Zhang, Y; Kiowski, O; Powalla, M; Lemmer, U; Slobodskyy, A
Spectral analysis of X-ray binaries
In this thesis, I present work from three separate research projects associated with observations of X-ray binaries. Two of those revolve around spectral characteristics of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs), ...
Fridriksson, Joel Karl
Spatial and Spectral evolution of Turbulence Spectra
We present a general formulation of a theory of spreading of turbulence based on nonlinear mode couplings, which is inherently linked to spectral evolution. We present a derivation from simple two-field perspective based upon a gradien diffusion hypothesis, justified by a two scale direct interaction approximation (TSDIA) for weak turbulence. The complexity and anisotropy of spatial and spectral dynamics, however, limits our analysis to examination of different classes of triad interactions. We demonstrate that radially extended eddys, are the most effective structures in promoting spreading of turbulence. Thus, spectral evolution that tends towards such eddies, facilitate spatial spreading. We also show that, in a two field model, due to their respective spectral tendencies, internal energy spreads faster than kinetic energy.
Guercan, Oe. D.; Diamond, P. H. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424 (United States); Department of Physics University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424 (United States); Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319 (United States); Hahm, T. S. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543-0451 (United States)
Flame Spectral Analysis for Boiler Control
An instrument has been developed by Tecogen, Inc., to determine the combustion characteristics of individual burners in multiburner installations. The technology is based on measuring the emissions in the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectral...
Metcalfe, C. I.; Cole, W. E.; Batra, S. K.
SPECTRAL THEORY FOR JACOBI OPERATORS A Dissertation
of a given semi-bounded back- ground Jacobi operator and the double commutation method which inserts eigen- values into arbitrary spectral gaps. Moreover, we prove unitary equivalence of the commuted operators
Teschl, Gerald
Stabilized Semi-Implicit Spectral Deferred Correction Methods for ...
Key words and phrases. spectral defect correction, spectral-Galerkin method, method of lines, Allen-Cahn and ...... [21] Anita T. Layton and Michael L. Minion.
autoregressive spectral estimation: Topics by E-print Network
Estimation: A Tunable High-Resolution Spectral Estimator CiteSeer Summary: Traditional maximum entropy spectral estimation determines a power spectrum from covariance estimates....
anomalous gluon spectral: Topics by E-print Network
non-perturbative gluon spectral functions at finite temperature in quenched QCD with the maximum entropy method. We also provide a closed loop equation for the spectral function...
Evaluation of Novel Semiconductor Materials Potentially Useful in Solar Cells: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA number CRD-06-00172
Evaluation of novel semiconductor materials potentially useful in solar cells. NREL will fabricate, test and analyze solar cells from EpiWorks' wafers produced in 2-3 separate growth campaigns. NREL will also characterize material from 2-3 separate EpiWorks material development campaigns. Finally, NREL will visit EpiWorks and help establish any necessary process, such as spectral CV measurements and III-V on Si metalization processes and help validate solar cell designs and performance.
Geisz, J.
SOLAR PHYSICS AND TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS Solar-Terrestrial Interactions
SOLAR PHYSICS AND TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Solar-Terrestrial Interactions from the charged particles that reach the planet steadily as part of the solar wind and the much it will be deflected into a circular or spiral path by the Lorentz Force. Most charged particles in the solar wind
Mojzsis, Stephen J.
SOLAR IRRADIANCE FORECASTING FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS Detlev Heinemann firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Solar energy is expected to contribute major shares of the future global energy supply. Due to its and solar energy conversion processes has to account for this behaviour in respective operating strategies
Petrovay: Solar physics Chromosphere and corona THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE
Petrovay: Solar physics Chromosphere and corona THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE Visible in eclipses as red brightness temperature at 10.7 cm: Tb 10 000 K. #12;Petrovay: Solar physics Chromosphere and corona Mean temperature profile: VAL model atmosphere, based on lines #12;Petrovay: Solar physics Chromosphere and corona
Petrovay, Krist�f
Solar Works! In Seattle: Introduction to Solar Electric (PV)
Presentation slides from residential PV workshop. Also covers general solar resource assessment, siting and financial incentives.
-flux solar irradiation, pyrometric techniques can be adopted. However, depending on the optical propertiesSOLAR-BLIND PYROMETRIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNDER CONCENTRATED SOLAR IRRADIATION Markus Pfänder1 of solar receivers. In the hostile environment of hot, irradiated surfaces, radiation thermometry
[The Story of the Solar System] The Solar System -II
-TauriPhase SolarNebula #12;Giant Molecular Cloud o About 50-100 light years across o more than a million times[The Story of the Solar System] The Solar System - II Alexei Gilchrist #12;Some resources o Section of the Solar System, M Garlick, (Cambridge Uni. Press, 2002) #12;Timeline Today Big Bang Earliest Fossils Birth
Wardle, Mark
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 90 (2006) 664677 Invited article
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 90 (2006) 664677 Invited article Recent developments in evaporated CdTe solar cells G. Khrypunova , A. Romeob , F. Kurdesauc , D.L. Ba¨ tznerd , H. Zogge , A Abstract Recent developments in the technology of high vacuum evaporated CdTe solar cells are reviewed
Solar energy at Forest Research Solar Power at Alice Holt
Solar energy at Forest Research Solar Power at Alice Holt research station provides a renewable to install a solar photovoltaic system to meet some of the research station's energy needs. #12;In January dioxide emissions, when compared with traditional forms of energy generation. · The solar installation
Multi-facet concentrator of solar setup for irradiating the objects placed in a target plane with solar light
According to the proposed invention, this technical result is achieved so that many-facet concentrator of a solar setup for exposure of objects, placed in a target plane, to the action of solar radiation containing a supporting frame and facets differing by that the facets of the concentrator are chosen with spherical focusing reflective surfaces of equal focal lengths and with selective coatings reflecting a desired spectral fraction of solar radiation, and are arranged on the supporting frame symmetrically with respect to the common axis of the concentrator, their optical axes being directed to the single point on the optical axis of the concentrator located before the nominal focus point of the concentrator and determining the position of arranging the target plane.
Lewandowski, Allan A. (Evergreen, CO); Yampolskiy, Vladislav (Moscow, RU); Alekseev, Valerie (Moscow, RU); Son, Valentin (Moscow, RU)
Ozark Mountain solar home
If seeing is believing, Kyle and Christine Sarratt are believers. The couple has been living in their passive solar custom home for almost two years, long enough to see a steady stream of eye-opening utility bills and to experience the quality and comfort of energy-efficient design. Skeptical of solar homes at first, the Sarratts found an energy-conscious designer that showed them how they could realize their home-building dreams and live in greater comfort while spending less money. As Kyle says, {open_quotes}We knew almost nothing about solar design and weren`t looking for it, but when we realized we could get everything we wanted in a home and more, we were sold.{close_quotes} Now the couple is enjoying the great feeling of solar and wood heat in the winter, natural cooling in the summer and heating/cooling bills that average less than $20/month. The Sarratts` home overlooks a large lake near the town of Rogers, tucked up in the northwest corner of Arkansas. It is one of three completed homes out of 29 planned for the South Sun Estates subdivision, where homes are required by covenant to incorporate passive solar design principles. Orlo Stitt, owner of Stitt Energy Systems and developer of the subdivision, has been designing passive solar, energy-efficient homes for twenty years. His passive solar custom home development is the first in Arkansas.
Miller, B.
Efficient solar cooling: first ever non-tracking solar collectors powering a double effect absorption chiller
Based Performance Analysis of a Solar Absorption Cooling andExperimental Investigation of a Solar Adsorption ChillerKreith, Jan F. Kreider. "Solar Cooling." Principles of Solar
Poiry, Heather Marie
Solar Cells: Spin-Cast Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Dynamical...
Solar Cells: Spin-Cast Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Dynamical Investigation Solar Cells: Spin-Cast Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Dynamical Investigation Print Wednesday,...
Solar Policy Environment: Madison
The City of Madison�s Solar America Cities project, �MadiSUN�, will coordinate and galvanize substantial local and state resources to showcase how a U.S. Midwest city can dramatically increase the use of solar energy. Madison�s approach includes a comprehensive review of zoning and land use planning, streamlining the permitting processes, development of the local workforce, and assessment of city-owned buildings for solar PV and thermal applications. The City of Madison objective is to make Madison a green capital city and a national leader in energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Solar Thermal Conversion
The thermal conversion process of solar energy is based on well-known phenomena of heat transfer (Kreith 1976). In all thermal conversion processes, solar radiation is absorbed at the surface of a receiver, which contains or is in contact with flow passages through which a working fluid passes. As the receiver heats up, heat is transferred to the working fluid which may be air, water, oil, or a molten salt. The upper temperature that can be achieved in solar thermal conversion depends on the insolation, the degree to which the sunlight is concentrated, and the measures taken to reduce heat losses from the working fluid.
Kreith, F.; Meyer, R. T.
"This fact sheet describes a scattering solar thermal concentrators project awarded under the DOE's 2012 SunShot Concentrating Solar Power R&D award program. The team, led by the Pennsylvania State University, is working to demonstrate a new, scattering-based approach to concentrating sunlight that aims to improve the overall performance and reliability of the collector field. The research team aims to show that scattering solar thermal collectors are capable of achieving optical performance equal to state-of-the-art parabolic trough systems, but with the added benefits of immunity to wind-load tracking error, more efficient land use, and utilization of stationary receivers."
High resolution spectroscopic characterization of the FGK stars in the Solar neighbourhood
the EW #12;FIGURE 1. Left panel: EW Li I vs. (B-V). Different colors and symbols are used for stars). The obtained values are plotted in the EW(Li I) vs. spectral type diagram in Fig. 1 (left panel). ComparingHigh resolution spectroscopic characterization of the FGK stars in the Solar neighbourhood R. M
Complutense de Madrid, Universidad
Solar Flares and particle acceleration
of Glasgow, UK STFC Summer School, Armagh, 2012 #12;Solar flares: basics X-raysradiowavesParticles1AU Figure energy ~2 1032 ergs #12;"Standard" model of a solar flare/CME Solar corona T ~ 106 K => 0.1 keV per MeV Proton energies >100 MeV Large solar flare releases about 1032 ergs (about half energy
solar facilities. Development of these facilities requires the long-term procurement of the power output.
cells by cooling and concentration techniques," inheat. Different techniques of cooling solar cells have been
SSALMON - The Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network
The Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network (SSALMON) was initiated in 2014 in connection with two ALMA development studies. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a powerful new tool, which can also observe the Sun at high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. The international SSALMONetwork aims at coordinating the further development of solar observing modes for ALMA and at promoting scientific opportunities for solar physics with particular focus on numerical simulations, which can provide important constraints for the observing modes and can aid the interpretation of future observations. The radiation detected by ALMA originates mostly in the solar chromosphere - a complex and dynamic layer between the photosphere and corona, which plays an important role in the transport of energy and matter and the heating of the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. Potential targets include active regions, prominences, quiet Sun regions, flares. Here, we give a...
Wedemeyera, S; Brajsa, R; Barta, M; Hudson, H; Fleishman, G; Loukitcheva, M; Fleck, B; Kontar, E; De Pontieu, B; Tiwari, S; Kato, Y; Soler, R; Yagoubov, P; Black, J H; Antolin, P; Gunar, S; Labrosse, N; Benz, A O; Nindos, A; Steffen, M; Scullion, E; Doyle, J G; Zaqarashvili, T; Hanslmeier, A; Nakariakov, V M; Heinzel, P; Ayres, T; Karlicky, M
Solar Installation Labor Market Analysis
The potential economic benefits of the growing renewable energy sector have led to increased federal, state, and local investments in solar industries, including federal grants for expanded workforce training for U.S. solar installers. However, there remain gaps in the data required to understand the size and composition of the workforce needed to meet the demand for solar power. Through primary research on the U.S. solar installation employer base, this report seeks to address that gap, improving policymakers and other solar stakeholders understanding of both the evolving needs of these employers and the economic opportunity associated with solar market development. Included are labor market data covering current U.S. employment, expected industry growth, and employer skill preferences for solar installation-related occupations. This study offers an in-depth look at the solar installation sectors. A study published by the Solar Foundation in October 2011 provides a census of labor data across the entire solar value chain.
Friedman, B.; Jordan, P.; Carrese, J.
Atrium House solar revitalization
The idea behind the Atrium House Solar Revitalization project, may be briefly presented as: energy conserving, low rise, high density, related- to- the-sky residences. The proposed system consists of a reticulate grid - ...
Malamuceanu, Dan Roland
Solar cell array interconnects
Electrical interconnects are disclosed for solar cells or other electronic components using a silver-silicone paste or a lead-tin (Pb-Sn) no-clean fluxless solder cream, whereby the high breakage of thin (<6 mil thick) solar cells using conventional solder interconnect is eliminated. The interconnects of this invention employs copper strips which are secured to the solar cells by a silver-silicone conductive paste which can be used at room temperature, or by a Pb-Sn solder cream which eliminates undesired residue on the active surfaces of the solar cells. Electrical testing using the interconnects of this invention has shown that no degradation of the interconnects developed under high current testing, while providing a very low contact resistance value. 4 figs.
Carey, P.G.; Thompson, J.B.; Colella, N.J.; Williams, K.A.
Solar Data Hub (Presentation)
As power grid integration of renewables becomes ever more important and detailed, the need for a centralized place for solar-related resource data is needed. This presentation describes such a place and website.
Orwig, K.
Solar Now! Residential Brochure
Four Oregon organizations have teamed up to help Oregon homeowners learn about and install solar energy systems. This is a good example of a marketing/educational product that communities could create.
Energy 101: Solar PV
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can generate clean, cost-effective power anywhere the sun shines. This video shows how a PV panel converts the energy of the sun into renewable electricity to power homes and businesses.
platform that can be used for rapid assembly and installation of heliostats at a solar power tower plant. BrightSource will design and deploy a FAST prototype under this...
Solar system fault detection
A fault detecting apparatus and method are provided for use with an active solar system. The apparatus provides an indication as to whether one or more predetermined faults have occurred in the solar system. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors, each sensor being used in determining whether a predetermined condition is present. The outputs of the sensors are combined in a pre-established manner in accordance with the kind of predetermined faults to be detected. Indicators communicate with the outputs generated by combining the sensor outputs to give the user of the solar system and the apparatus an indication as to whether a predetermined fault has occurred. Upon detection and indication of any predetermined fault, the user can take appropriate corrective action so that the overall reliability and efficiency of the active solar system are increased.
Farrington, R.B.; Pruett, J.C. Jr.
Farrington, Robert B. (Wheatridge, CO); Pruett, Jr., James C. (Lakewood, CO)
LADWP- Solar Incentive Program
'''''Note: LADWP reached its budget limit for non-residential solar incentive applications in Augugst 2012. Applicants who have not received a confirmation as of August 22, 2012, have had their...
Solar Thermal Incentive Program
The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) offers incentives for the installation of solar water heating systems to residential and non-residential customers of the...
Assembly Solar Technology BrightSource DE-EE0005792 | February 15, 2013 | Toister * The proposed assembly process is based on small, cost-effective assembly cells (to be designed...
Solar Permitting Law (Oregon)
With the passage of HB 3516 in June 2011, solar permit application approval is a "ministerial function", provided a system meets certain guidelines. To qualify for this simplified permitting...
Space Solar Power Program
Information pertaining to the Space Solar Power Program is presented on energy analysis; markets; overall development plan; organizational plan; environmental and safety issues; power systems; space transportation; space manufacturing, construction, operations; design examples; and finance.
Arif, H.; Barbosa, H.; Bardet, C.; Baroud, M.; Behar, A.; Berrier, K.; Berthe, P.; Bertrand, R.; Bibyk, I.; Bisson, J.; Bloch, L.; Bobadilla, G.; Bourque, D.; Bush, L.; Carandang, R.; Chiku, T.; Crosby, N.; De Seixas, M.; De Vries, J.; Doll, S.; Dufour, F.; Eckart, P.; Fahey, M.; Fenot, F.; Foeckersperger, S.; Fontaine, J.E.; Fowler, R.; Frey, H.; Fujio, H.; Gasa, J.M.; Gleave, J.; Godoe, J.; Green, I.; Haeberli, R.; Hanada, T.; Ha
16, 2014 Energy From the Sun (10 activities) Hands-on explorations to teach intermediate students the scientific concepts of solar energy. July 16, 2014 The Sun and Its Energy (11...
Electrical interconnects for solar cells or other electronic components using a silver-silicone paste or a lead-tin (Pb-Sn) no-clean fluxless solder cream, whereby the high breakage of thin (<6 mil thick) solar cells using conventional solder interconnect is eliminated. The interconnects of this invention employs copper strips which are secured to the solar cells by a silver-silicone conductive paste which can be used at room temperature, or by a Pb-Sn solder cream which eliminates undesired residue on the active surfaces of the solar cells. Electrical testing using the interconnects of this invention has shown that no degradation of the interconnects developed under high current testing, while providing a very low contact resistance value.
Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Thompson, Jesse B. (Brentwood, CA); Colella, Nicolas J. (Livermore, CA); Williams, Kenneth A. (Livermore, CA)
Broad spectrum solar cell
An alloy having a large band gap range is used in a multijunction solar cell to enhance utilization of the solar energy spectrum. In one embodiment, the alloy is In.sub.1-xGa.sub.xN having an energy bandgap range of approximately 0.7 eV to 3.4 eV, providing a good match to the solar energy spectrum. Multiple junctions having different bandgaps are stacked to form a solar cell. Each junction may have different bandgaps (realized by varying the alloy composition), and therefore be responsive to different parts of the spectrum. The junctions are stacked in such a manner that some bands of light pass through upper junctions to lower junctions that are responsive to such bands.
Walukiewicz, Wladyslaw (Kensington, CA); Yu, Kin Man (Lafayette, CA); Wu, Junqiao (Richmond, CA); Schaff, William J. (Ithaca, NY)
Photovoltaic solar cell
A photovoltaic solar cell for generating electricity from sunlight is disclosed. The photovoltaic solar cell comprises a plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions formed in a semiconductor body to receive the sunlight and generate the electicity therefrom, the plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions having a first plurality of regions having a first doping type and a second plurality of regions having a second doping type. In addition, the photovoltaic solar cell comprises a first electrical contact electrically connected to each of the first plurality of regions and a second electrical contact electrically connected to each of the second plurality of regions, as well as a passivation layer covering major surfaces and sidewalls of the photovoltaic solar cell.
Nielson, Gregory N; Okandan, Murat; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis; Resnick, Paul J
A photovoltaic solar cell for generating electricity from sunlight is disclosed. The photovoltaic solar cell comprises a plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions formed in a semiconductor body to receive the sunlight and generate the electricity therefrom, the plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions having a first plurality of regions having a first doping type and a second plurality of regions having a second doping type. In addition, the photovoltaic solar cell comprises a first electrical contact electrically connected to each of the first plurality of regions and a second electrical contact electrically connected to each of the second plurality of regions, as well as a passivation layer covering major surfaces and sidewalls of the photovoltaic solar cell.
Nielson, Gregory N; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis; Okandan, Murat; Resnick, Paul J
Argonne tackles solar energy
At Argonne National Laboratory, scientists and engineers are working to improve the solar cell to allow us to capture more of the sun's energy. Read more: http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/News/...
George Crabtree
Wisconsin has several laws that protect a resident's right to install and operate a solar or wind energy system. These laws cover zoning restrictions by local governments, private land use...
18, 2014 Solar Pizza Oven Box k - 6 May 5, 2014 Register by May 9 to attend the SunShot Grand Challenge Summit, May...
Solar Energy System Exemption
In Louisiana, any equipment attached to an owner-occupied residential building or swimming pool as part of a solar energy system is considered personal property that is exempt from ad valorem...
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates
In January 2005, the District of Columbia (D.C.) Council enacted a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) with a solar carve-out that applies to all retail electricity sales in the District. In October...
Residential Solar Tax Credit
Enacted in August 1997, this personal income tax credit originally applied to expenditures on solar-electric (PV) equipment used on residential property. The credit, equal to 25% percent of the...
Frederick County- Solar Ordinance
This ordinance permits solar arrays in any zoning district in Frederick County under the conditions that the total square footage of the array does not exceed that of the principle structure and...
Solar Thermoelectrics Mercouri Kanatzidis,
Solar Thermoelectrics Mercouri Kanatzidis, Materials Science Division December 15, 2009 #12;2 Heat #12;13 What is the dot made of? Cook, Kramer #12;14 Nanostructures reduce the lattice thermal
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G
Passive solar heating analysis
This book discusses about the design of solar heating systems. The terms and symbols are clearly defined. Step-by-step procedures are indicated. Worked examples are given with tables, graphs, appendixes.
Balcomb, J.D.; Jones, R.W.; Mc Farland, R.D.; Wray, W.O.
Spectral photoresponse of ZnSe/GaAs(001) heterostructures with CdSe ultra-thin quantum well insertions
We present a study of the spectral photoresponse (SPR) of ZnSe/GaAs(001) heterostructures for different ZnSe film thickness with and without CdSe ultra-thin quantum well (UTQW) insertions. We observe a significant increase of the SPR of heterostructures containing 3 monolayer thick CdSe UTQW insertions; these results encourage their use in photodetectors and solar cells.
Valverde-Ch�vez, D. A.; Sutara, F.; Hern�ndez-Calder�n, I. [Physics Department, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 M�xico, DF (Mexico)
Evolution of Magnetic Helicity and Energy Spectra of Solar Active Regions
We adopt an isotropic representation of the Fourier-transformed two-point correlation tensor of the magnetic field for estimating magnetic energy and helicity spectra as well as current helicity spectra of individual active regions and the change of their spectral indices with the solar cycle. The departure of the spectral index of current helicity from 5/3 is analyzed, and it is found that it is lower than that of magnetic energy. There is no obvious relationship between the change of the normalized magnetic helicity and the integral scale of the magnetic field for individual active regions. The evolution of the spectral index reflects the development and distribution of various scales of magnetic structures in active regions. It is found that around solar maximum the magnetic energy and helicity spectra are steeper.
Zhang, Hongqi; Sokoloff, D D
Possible creation of net circular polarization and not only depolarization of spectral lines by isotropic collisions
We will show that isotropic collisions of electrons and protons with neutral hydrogen can lead to creation of net orientation of the atomic levels in the presence of a magnetic field. Consequently, the emitted Stokes-V profile of the spectral lines can be almost symmetric in contrast to the typical antisymmetric signature of the Zeeman effect. Moreover, the amplitude of the symmetric lobe can be significantly higher than the amplitude of the antisymmetric components. This mechanism is caused by a $\\pm{M}$ symmetry breaking of the collisional transitions between different Zeeman sublevels. We will show an example of our first results for the H$\\alpha$ line. This new mechanism could perhaps explain the net circular polarization of spectral lines observed in some solar limb observations and which are currently not understood. However, our results are very preliminary and more developments are needed for going further on.
Jiri Stepan; Sylvie Sahal-Brechot
Solar Powered Classroom
A group of fourth graders in Durham, North Carolina, are showing America the way to a clean energy future. They are installing solar panels on their classroom roof for a project that goes above and beyond a normal day in school. From researching solar panel installation, to generating funds for the project via Kickstarter, these are students who put their plans into action. Their accomplishments go beyond the classroom and stress the importance of getting people of all ages involved in renewable energy.
The passive solar home
This article describes a home designed with both energy efficiency and solar principles in mind. The house is situated in Colorado and maintains a comfortable, relatively even heat year around with little backup heat needed. The sun heats the home and the energy efficient design works to store and distribute the heat slowly and continuously. Specific design elements discussed include the following: collection, storage, distribution and retention of solar energy.
Weiss, J.; Stone, L. [Solar Energy International, Carbondale, CO (United States)
Solar neutrinos - Eclipse effect
It is pointed out that the enhancement of the solar neutrino rate in a real time detector like Super-Kamioka, SNO or Borexino due to neutrino oscillations in the moon during a partial or total solar eclipse may be observable. The enhancement is calculated as a function of the neutrino parameters in the case of three flavor mixing. This enhancement if seen, can further help to determine the neutrino parameters.
Mohan Narayan; G. Rajasekaran; Rahul Sinha
Solar Success Stories
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE: AlternativeEnvironment,Institutes and ResponseStaffServicesFutureU.S.Solar Cell |6 Solar Success
Capacity Value of Solar Power
Evaluating the capacity value of renewable energy sources can pose significant challenges due to their variable and uncertain nature. In this paper the capacity value of solar power is investigated. Solar capacity value metrics and their associated calculation methodologies are reviewed and several solar capacity studies are summarized. The differences between wind and solar power are examined, the economic importance of solar capacity value is discussed and other assessments and recommendations are presented.
Duignan, Roisin; Dent, Chris; Mills, Andrew; Samaan, Nader A.; Milligan, Michael; Keane, Andrew; O'Malley, Mark
Downscaling Solar Power Output to 4-Seconds for Use in Integration Studies: Preprint
High penetration renewable integration studies require solar power data with high spatial and temporal accuracy to quantify the impact of high frequency solar power ramps on the operation of the system. Our previous work concentrated on downscaling solar power from one hour to one minute by simulation. This method used clearness classifications to categorize temporal and spatial variability, and iterative methods to simulate intra-hour clearness variability. We determined that solar power ramp correlations between sites decrease with distance and the duration of the ramp, starting at around 0.6 for 30-minute ramps between sites that are less than 20 km apart. The sub-hour irradiance algorithm we developed has a noise floor that causes the correlations to approach ~0.005. Below one minute, the majority of the correlations of solar power ramps between sites less than 20 km apart are zero, and thus a new method to simulate intra-minute variability is needed. These intra-minute solar power ramps can be simulated using several methods, three of which we evaluate: a cubic spline fit to the one-minute solar power data; projection of the power spectral density toward the higher frequency domain; and average high frequency power spectral density from measured data. Each of these methods either under- or over-estimates the variability of intra-minute solar power ramps. We show that an optimized weighted linear sum of methods, dependent on the classification of temporal variability of the segment of one-minute solar power data, yields time series and ramp distributions similar to measured high-resolution solar irradiance data.
Hummon, M.; Weekley, A.; Searight, K.; Clark, K.
Downscaling Solar Power Output to 4-Seconds for Use in Integration Studies (Presentation)
Planar photovoltaic solar concentrator module
A planar photovoltaic concentrator module for producing an electrical signal from incident solar radiation includes an electrically insulating housing having a front wall, an opposing back wall and a hollow interior. A solar cell having electrical terminals is positioned within the interior of the housing. A planar conductor is connected with a terminal of the solar cell of the same polarity. A lens forming the front wall of the housing is operable to direct solar radiation incident to the lens into the interior of the housing. A refractive optical element in contact with the solar cell and facing the lens receives the solar radiation directed into the interior of the housing by the lens and directs the solar radiation to the solar cell to cause the solar cell to generate an electrical signal. An electrically conductive planar member is positioned in the housing to rest on the housing back wall in supporting relation with the solar cell terminal of opposite polarity. The planar member is operable to dissipate heat radiated by the solar cell as the solar cell generates an electrical signal and further forms a solar cell conductor connected with the solar cell terminal to permit the electrical signal generated by the solar cell to be measured between the planar member and the conductor. 5 figs.
Chiang, C.J.
A planar photovoltaic concentrator module for producing an electrical signal from incident solar radiation includes an electrically insulating housing having a front wall, an opposing back wall and a hollow interior. A solar cell having electrical terminals is positioned within the interior of the housing. A planar conductor is connected with a terminal of the solar cell of the same polarity. A lens forming the front wall of the housing is operable to direct solar radiation incident to the lens into the interior of the housing. A refractive optical element in contact with the solar cell and facing the lens receives the solar radiation directed into the interior of the housing by the lens and directs the solar radiation to the solar cell to cause the solar cell to generate an electrical signal. An electrically conductive planar member is positioned in the housing to rest on the housing back wall in supporting relation with the solar cell terminal of opposite polarity. The planar member is operable to dissipate heat radiated by the solar cell as the solar cell generates an electrical signal and further forms a solar cell conductor connected with the solar cell terminal to permit the electrical signal generated by the solar cell to be measured between the planar member and the conductor.
Chiang, Clement J. (New Brunswick, NJ)
Oscillation of Fourier Integrals with a spectral gap
May 30, 2003 ... In engineering literature, functions with a spectral gap are called high- .... High-
Solar Dynamics Observatory/ Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment
Solar Dynamics Observatory/ EVE Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment Frequently Asked and model solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance variations due to solar flares, solar rotation, and solar and structure of the Sun. What is solar variability? Solar radiation varies on all time scales ranging from
EE580 Solar Cells Todd J. Kaiser
7/21/2010 1 EE580 Solar Cells Todd J. Kaiser · Lecture 06 · Solar Cell Materials & Structures 1Montana State University: Solar Cells Lecture 6: Solar Cells Solar Cell Technologies · A) Crystalline Silicon · B) Thin Film · C) Group III-IV Cells 2Montana State University: Solar Cells Lecture 6: Solar
Kaiser, Todd J.
Spectral Lags of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Primordial Black Hole (PBH) Evaporations
Primordial Black Holes (PBHs), which may have been created in the early Universe, are predicted to be detectable by their Hawking radiation. PBHs with an initial mass of 5.0 * 10^14 g should be expiring today with a burst of high energy particles. Evaporating PBHs in the solar neighborhood are candidate Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) progenitors. We propose spectral lag, which is the temporal delay between the high energy photon pulse and the low energy photon pulse, as a possible method to detect PBH evaporation events with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Observatory.
T. N. Ukwatta; J. H. MacGibbon; W. C. Parke; K. S. Dhuga; A. Eskandarian; N. Gehrels; L. Maximon; D. C. Morris
Undecidability of the Spectral Gap (short version)
The spectral gap -- the difference in energy between the ground state and the first excited state -- is one of the most important properties of a quantum many-body system. Quantum phase transitions occur when the spectral gap vanishes and the system becomes critical. Much of physics is concerned with understanding the phase diagrams of quantum systems, and some of the most challenging and long-standing open problems in theoretical physics concern the spectral gap, such as the Haldane conjecture that the Heisenberg chain is gapped for integer spin, proving existence of a gapped topological spin liquid phase, or the Yang-Mills gap conjecture (one of the Millennium Prize problems). These problems are all particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: Given a quantum many-body Hamiltonian, is the system it describes gapped or gapless? Here we show that this problem is undecidable, in the same sense as the Halting Problem was proven to be undecidable by Turing. A consequence of this is that the spectral gap...
Cubitt, Toby; Wolf, Michael M
The spectral gap -- the difference in energy between the ground state and the first excited state -- is one of the most important properties of a quantum many-body system. Quantum phase transitions occur when the spectral gap vanishes and the system becomes critical. Much of physics is concerned with understanding the phase diagrams of quantum systems, and some of the most challenging and long-standing open problems in theoretical physics concern the spectral gap, such as the Haldane conjecture that the Heisenberg chain is gapped for integer spin, proving existence of a gapped topological spin liquid phase, or the Yang-Mills gap conjecture (one of the Millennium Prize problems). These problems are all particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: Given a quantum many-body Hamiltonian, is the system it describes gapped or gapless? Here we show that this problem is undecidable, in the same sense as the Halting Problem was proven to be undecidable by Turing. A consequence of this is that the spectral gap of certain quantum many-body Hamiltonians is not determined by the axioms of mathematics, much as Goedels incompleteness theorem implies that certain theorems are mathematically unprovable. We extend these results to prove undecidability of other low temperature properties, such as correlation functions. The proof hinges on simple quantum many-body models that exhibit highly unusual physics in the thermodynamic limit.
Toby Cubitt; David Perez-Garcia; Michael M. Wolf
Efficiency limits of quantum well solar cells
The quantum well solar cell (QWSC) has been proposed as a flexible means to ensuring current matching for tandem cells. This paper explores the further advantage afforded by the indication that QWSCs operate in the radiative limit because radiative contribution to the dark current is seen to dominate in experimental data at biases corresponding to operation under concentration. The dark currents of QWSCs are analysed in terms of a light and dark current model. The model calculates the spectral response (QE) from field bearing regions and charge neutral layers and from the quantum wells by calculating the confined densities of states and absorption coefficient, and solving transport equations analytically. The total dark current is expressed as the sum of depletion layer and charge neutral radiative and non radiative currents consistent with parameter values extracted from QE fits to data. The depletion layer dark current is a sum of Shockley-Read-Hall non radiative, and radiative contributions. The charge neu...
Connolly, J P; Barnham, K W J; Bushnell, D B; Tibbits, T N D; Roberts, J S
Expanding the solar spectrum used by photosynthesis
A limiting factor for photosynthetic organisms is their light-harvesting efficiency, that is the efficiency of their conversion of light energy to chemical energy. Small modifications or variations of chlorophylls allow photosynthetic organisms to harvest sunlight at different wavelengths. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms usually utilize only the visible portion of the solar spectrum. The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina carries out oxygenic photosynthesis but contains mostly chlorophyll d and only traces of chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll d provides a potential selective advantage because it enables Acaryochloris to use infrared light (700�750 nm) that is not absorbed by chlorophyll a. Recently, an even more red-shifted chlorophyll termed chlorophyll f has been reported. Here, we discuss using modified chlorophylls to extend the spectral region of light that drives photosynthetic organisms.
Chen, Min; Blankenship, R. E.
Classical least squares multivariate spectral analysis
An improved classical least squares multivariate spectral analysis method that adds spectral shapes describing non-calibrated components and system effects (other than baseline corrections) present in the analyzed mixture to the prediction phase of the method. These improvements decrease or eliminate many of the restrictions to the CLS-type methods and greatly extend their capabilities, accuracy, and precision. One new application of PACLS includes the ability to accurately predict unknown sample concentrations when new unmodeled spectral components are present in the unknown samples. Other applications of PACLS include the incorporation of spectrometer drift into the quantitative multivariate model and the maintenance of a calibration on a drifting spectrometer. Finally, the ability of PACLS to transfer a multivariate model between spectrometers is demonstrated.
Sandia National Laboratories: Concentrating Solar Power
Solar Power Technical Management Position On July 12, 2012, in Concentrating Solar Power, Energy, Facilities, Job Listing, National Solar Thermal Test Facility, News,...
Fabrication and Characterization of Organic Solar Cells
logistical problems associated with solar energy. One of theor environmental problems. 1.2 Solar Energy As being thephotovoltaic solar energy all suffer from the problem of not
Yengel, Emre
and Industrial Process Heat Solar energy has numerousbuildings and solar-supplied industrial process heat favor~nd industrial process heat. Solar energy may offer some
electrodes� for� dye? sensitized�solar�cells. �Nano�solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. Figure 1-3 The
Automated micro-tracking planar solar concentrators
tracking mechanics. Solar trackers rotate the solar panel orwith traditional solar trackers but its unique geometrysolar intensity depends on the role the micro micro-tracker
Hallas, Justin Matthew
Sandia National Laboratories: Solar Market Transformation
Transformation * photovoltaic * Photovoltaics * PV * Renewable Energy * SAND 2011-4654W * Solar Energy * Solar Market Transformation * Solar Research Comments are closed. Renewable...
Legislative Developments in Solar Energy during 1980
is apparent that many solar and energy conservation programsL. REP. 267 (1979). SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS kilowattsto -103 (Supp. 1979). SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS vegetation
Krueger, Robert B.; Hoffman, Peter C.
SUMMARY OF USERS' NEEDS FOR SOLAR RADIATION DATA SUMMARY ANDCALIFORNIA SOURCES OF SOLAR RADIATION DATA CALI FORN IADETERMINED NEED FOR SOLAR RADIATION DATA - Made direct
Solar Power Purchase Agreements | Department of Energy
Solar Power Purchase Agreements Solar Power Purchase Agreements Provides an overview of solar power purchase agreements including how they work, benefits and challenges and...
The Access Almanac: Solar Parking Requirements
these requirements. Solar panels in parking lots will startto install solar panels on their parking lots the option tosupport solar panels. Therefore, parking lots will generate
Shoup, Donald
Solar energy conversion.
If solar energy is to become a practical alternative to fossil fuels, we must have efficient ways to convert photons into electricity, fuel, and heat. The need for better conversion technologies is a driving force behind many recent developments in biology, materials, and especially nanoscience. The Sun has the enormous untapped potential to supply our growing energy needs. The barrier to greater use of the solar resource is its high cost relative to the cost of fossil fuels, although the disparity will decrease with the rising prices of fossil fuels and the rising costs of mitigating their impact on the environment and climate. The cost of solar energy is directly related to the low conversion efficiency, the modest energy density of solar radiation, and the costly materials currently required. The development of materials and methods to improve solar energy conversion is primarily a scientific challenge: Breakthroughs in fundamental understanding ought to enable marked progress. There is plenty of room for improvement, since photovoltaic conversion efficiencies for inexpensive organic and dye-sensitized solar cells are currently about 10% or less, the conversion efficiency of photosynthesis is less than 1%, and the best solar thermal efficiency is 30%. The theoretical limits suggest that we can do much better. Solar conversion is a young science. Its major growth began in the 1970s, spurred by the oil crisis that highlighted the pervasive importance of energy to our personal, social, economic, and political lives. In contrast, fossil-fuel science has developed over more than 250 years, stimulated by the Industrial Revolution and the promise of abundant fossil fuels. The science of thermodynamics, for example, is intimately intertwined with the development of the steam engine. The Carnot cycle, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and entropy all played starring roles in the development of thermodynamics and the technology of heat engines. Solar-energy science faces an equally rich future, with nanoscience enabling the discovery of the guiding principles of photonic energy conversion and their use in the development of cost-competitive new technologies.
Crabtree, G. W.; Lewis, N. S. (Materials Science Division); (California Inst. of Tech.)
Increasing Solar Efficiency through Luminescent Solar Concentrators -
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun withconfinementEtching.348 270Energy Innovation Portal Solar Photovoltaic
the Impact of Electricity Rate Structures on the Economics of PV Systems * Using a Solar Map for Education and Outreach October 2011 Solar in Action San Diego was designated...
Solar Utility Networks: Replicable Innovations in Solar Energy
On October 2013, DOE announced nearly $7.8 million to fund eight projects under the Solar Utility Networks: Replicable Innovations in Solar Energy (SUNRISE) funding opportunity. These projects are...
* Partnered with its utility, Madison Gas & Electric, to install visible on-site solar systems * Installed 100 solar systems producing 16,558 therms for heating water and 8,073...
Site-specific solar resource measurements for industrial solar applications
The solar industry can borrow solar radiation measuring equipment from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as part of NREL`s Solar Industrial Program. This program provides assistance to qualified parties in quantifying the solar radiation resource at prospective sites to reduce the risks of deploying industrial solar energy systems. Up-to-date solar radiation measurements permit comparisons of fresh data with existing data to verify established data bases and also provide data based on actual measurements instead of on less accurate models. This report outlines the responsibilities and obligations of NREL and the solar industry participant. It also describes the equipment for measuring solar radiation, the data quality assessment procedures, and the format of the data provided.
Marion, W.
Solar neutrino detection
More than 40 years ago, neutrinos where conceived as a way to test the validity of the solar models which tell us that stars are powered by nuclear fusion reactions. The first measurement of the neutrino flux, in 1968 in the Homestake mine in South Dakota, detected only one third of the expected value, originating what has been known as the Solar Neutrino Problem. Different experiments were built in order to understand the origin of this discrepancy. Now we know that neutrinos undergo oscillation phenomenon changing their nature traveling from the core of the Sun to our detectors. In the work the 40 year long saga of the neutrino detection is presented; from the first proposals to test the solar models to last real time measurements of the low energy part of the neutrino spectrum.
Lino Miramonti
Solar display kiosk
A solar display kiosk particularly to a display kiosk that during day time conditions is illuminated by the sun. It provides, in its preferred embodiment, a closed cylindrical member placed in the vertical position with an open or a closed but light transmissive upper end, which acts as a receiver for solar or ambient light. A circumferential band at the top of the kiosk acts a shading member to place regions immediately beneath such band into shade either totally or in part (umbra and penumbra). Translucent display materials are mounted in the walls of the cylinder in the zones of umbra or penumbra. To the viewer they appear to be highly illuminated, the illumination coming from the solar light entering into the center of the cylinder.
Clarke, R.A.W.
Predicting solar cycle 24 with a solar dynamo model
Whether the upcoming cycle 24 of solar activity will be strong or not is being hotly debated. The solar cycle is produced by a complex dynamo mechanism. We model the last few solar cycles by `feeding' observational data of the Sun's polar magnetic field into our solar dynamo model. Our results fit the observed sunspot numbers of cycles 21-23 extremely well and predict that cycle~24 will be about 35% weaker than cycle~23.
Arnab Rai Choudhuri; Piyali Chatterjee; Jie Jiang
On Spectral Clustering: Analysis and an algorithm
be implemented using a few lines of Matlab. Using tools from matrix perturbation theory, we analyze the algorithm the top eigenvectors of a matrix derived from the distance between points. Such algorithms have been at a time. One line of analysis makes the link to spectral graph partitioning, in which the sec- #12; ond
Weiss, Yair
Lq BOUNDS FOR SPECTRAL CLUSTERS HART F. SMITH Abstract. In these notes, we review recent results] establish the same estimates under the assumption that the metric is C1,1. It is known by examples of Smith to the wave equation. The author was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0140499. 1 #12;2 HART F. SMITH
Smith, Hart F.
Spectral Landscape Theory Peter F. Stadler
Spectral Landscape Theory Peter F. Stadler Institut f �? ur Theoretische Chemie, Universit �? at Wien, NM87501 The notion of an adaptive landscape has proved to be a valuable con cept in theoretical. Landscape theory has emerged as an attempt to devise suitable mathematical structures for describing
Stadler, Peter F.
Solar Energy Education. Solar solutions: Reader, Part III
A collection of magazine articles which focus on the subject of solar energy is presented in this booklet. This is the third of a four part series of the Solar Energy Reader books. The articles provide brief discussions on the various applications of solar energy including: heat, photovoltaics; wind, hydro, and biomass. A glossary of terms is included. (BCS)
Formation of the Solar System What properties of our solar
to the nebular theory What caused the orderly patterns of motion in our solar system? #12;3 Conservation major types of planet? As gravity causes cloud to contract, it heats up Conservation of Energy Inner1 Chapter 8 Formation of the Solar System What properties of our solar system must a formation
Crenshaw, Michael
Solar Updraft TowersSolar Updraft Towers Presentation 5
Solar Updraft TowersSolar Updraft Towers CEE 491 Presentation 5 Travis Satsuma May 5, 2009 #12 Benefits Solar tower built in the desert, instigates plant growth Condensation created at night enlivens turbines running 24/7 CO2 only produced during construction of tower #12;HistoryHistory In 1903, Catalan
Prevedouros, Panos D.
Monolithic tandem solar cell
A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, photovoltaic solar cell is described which includes (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a first photoactive subcell on the upper surface of the InP substrate, and (c) a second photoactive subcell on the first subcell. The first photoactive subcell is GaInAsP of defined composition. The second subcell is InP. The two subcells are lattice matched. The solar cell can be provided as a two-terminal device or a three-terminal device.
Wanlass, Mark W. (Golden, CO)
Solar heated rotary kiln
A solar heated rotary kiln utilized for decomposition of materials, such as zinc sulfate. The rotary kiln has an open end and is enclosed in a sealed container having a window positioned for directing solar energy into the open end of the kiln. The material to be decomposed is directed through the container into the kiln by a feed tube. The container is also provided with an outlet for exhaust gases and an outlet for spent solids, and rests on a tiltable base. The window may be cooled and kept clear of debris by coolant gases.
Shell, Pamela K. (Tracy, CA)
This patent describes a single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, photovoltaic solar cell which includes an InP substrate having an upper and lower surfaces, a first photoactive subcell on the upper surface of the InP substrate, and a second photoactive subcell on the first subcell. The first photovoltaic subcell is GaInAsP of defined composition. The second subcell is InP. The two subcells are lattice matched. The solar cell can be provided as a two- terminal device or a three-terminal device.
Wanlass, M.W.
Solar Decathlon 2013
The Solar Decathlon is a perfect example of how the Energy Department is training and inspiring the next generation of architects, engineers and entrepreneurs. The two-year competition challenges collegiate teams to build energy-efficient, solar-powered houses. Over the course of the competition, students gain hands-on experience in everything from fundraising and marketing to design and construction. Showcasing their houses to the general public allows students to get feedback on their designs and how they work in the real world -- something that many of them would never get in the classroom.
Lewis, Chandra; Ouyang, Derek; Brown, Victoria; Ainsworth, Claire; Lee, Daniel; King, Richard; ,
Solar industrial process heat
The aim of the assessment reported is to candidly examine the contribution that solar industrial process heat (SIPH) is realistically able to make in the near and long-term energy futures of the United States. The performance history of government and privately funded SIPH demonstration programs, 15 of which are briefly summarized, and the present status of SIPH technology are discussed. The technical and performance characteristics of solar industrial process heat plants and equipment are reviewed, as well as evaluating how the operating experience of over a dozen SIPH demonstration projects is influencing institutional acceptance and economoc projections. Implications for domestic energy policy and international implications are briefly discussed. (LEW)
Lumsdaine, E.
Lewis, Chandra; Ouyang, Derek; Brown, Victoria; Ainsworth, Claire; Lee, Daniel; King, Richard;
Solar reflection panels
A solar collector comprising a glass mirror, and a composite panel, wherein the back of the mirror is affixed to a front surface of the composite panel. The composite panel comprises a front sheet affixed to a surface of a core material, preferably a core material comprising a honeycomb structure, and a back sheet affixed to an opposite surface of the core material. The invention may further comprise a sealing strip, preferably comprising EPDM, positioned between the glass mirror and the front surface of the composite panel. The invention also is of methods of making such solar collectors.
Diver, Jr., Richard B. (Albuquerque, NM); Grossman, James W. (Albuquerque, NM); Reshetnik, Michael (Boulder, CO)
NREL: Solar STAT Blog -
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recoveryLaboratory | NationalJohn F. Geisz, Ph.D.Solar EnergyRenewableSolar
Solarity | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:Seadov Pty Ltd Jump to:Information SilverSolarStructure LtdSolarSolarion AG Jump
Passive solar buildings
Developments in passive solar buildings that took place from the early 1970`s through 1989 are described. Much of the work covered was federally sponsored during the period 1975 through 1986. About half the volume is devoted to quantitative methods for modeling, simulation, and design analysis of passive buildings; the other half summarizes the quantitative results of testing and monitoring of models and buildings. The following are covered: building solar gain modeling, simulation analysis, simplified methods, materials and components, analytical results for specific systems, test modules, building integration, performance monitoring and results, and design tools. (MHR)
Balcomb, J.D. [ed.] [Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (United States)
Passive solar applications
Passive solar applications in buildings are described. The major emphasis of the research has been on devising mathematical models to characterize heat flow within buildings, on the validation of these models by comparison with test results, and on the subsequent use of the models to investigate the influence of both various design parameters and the weather on system performance. Results from both test modules and monitored buildings are discussed. Simulation analysis, the development of simplified methods, and systems analysis are outlined. Passive solar potential in China is discussed.
Developments in passive solar buildings that took place from the early 1970's through 1989 are described. Much of the work covered was federally sponsored during the period 1975 through 1986. About half the volume is devoted to quantitative methods for modeling, simulation, and design analysis of passive buildings; the other half summarizes the quantitative results of testing and monitoring of models and buildings. The following are covered: building solar gain modeling, simulation analysis, simplified methods, materials and components, analytical results for specific systems, test modules, building integration, performance monitoring and results, and design tools. (MHR)
Balcomb, J.D. (ed.) (Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (United States))
on site. 7) Climatology. Solar power plants of the centralCentral Reveiver Solar Thermal Power Plant Design Concepts,l ,2,3,4,5 A. Solar Thermal Power Solar thermal power
California Public Utilities Commission California Solar Initiative
California Public Utilities Commission California Solar Initiative Program Handbook May 2014 #12, Sonoma, CA Courtesy: SolarCraft #12;Table of Contents i California Solar Initiative Program Handbook September 2012 1. Introduction: California Solar Initiative Program
is part of a statewide solar program known as the California Solar Initiative. The New Solar HomesCOMMISSION GUIDEBOOK NEW SOLAR HOMES PARTNERSHIP GUIDEBOOK Fifth Edition Commission Guidebook CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Edmund G. Brown, Jr., Governor SEPTEMBER 2012 CEC
Tampa Electric- Solar Rebate Program
'''''Note: Of the $1.5 million budgeted for this program annually, $500,000 is reserved for solar water heating, and $1 million is reserved for PV systems. All funds have been committed for Solar...
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION NEW SOLAR HOMES PARTNERSHIP COMMITTEEDRAFTGUIDEBOOK NOVEMBER 2006 CEC................................................................................................ 1 C. Comparison of Emerging Renewables Program and New Solar Homes Partnership Guidebooks ................................................... 8 G. Estimated Performance Using Commission PV Calculator .................................. 8 H
Gulf Power- Solar PV Program
'''''All funding has currently been reserved and new applications are no longer being accepted. See Gulf Power's [http://www.gulfpower.com/renewable/solarElectricity.asp Solar PV] web site for more...
JA Solar 0.28 GW Baoding Yingli 0.28 GW Other 3.5 GW FigureSanyo SunPower JA Solar Baoding Yingli Kyocera Motech Sharp
Solar Electric & Heat System Training
GRID Alternatives is holding a solar training in partnership with Trees, Water & People and Lakota Solar Enterprises. This 9-day training will include both classroom education and hands-on...
In order to be eligible for Maine's solar thermal rebate program, systems must be installed by licensed plumbers who have received additional certification for solar thermal systems from the North...
Design of inflatable solar concentrator
Solar concentrators improve the performance of solar collection systems by increasing the amount of usable energy available for a given collector size. Unfortunately, they are not known for their light weight and portability, ...
Carrasquillo, Omar (Omar Y. Carrasquillo De Armas)
Residential Solar Water Heating Rebates
New Hampshire offers a rebate for residential solar water-heating systems and solar space-heating systems. The rebate is equal to $1,500 for systems with an annual estimated output of 5.5 MMBTU to...
The Solar Wind Energy Flux
The solar-wind energy flux measured near the ecliptic is known to be independent of the solar-wind speed. Using plasma data from Helios, Ulysses, and Wind covering a large range of latitudes and time, we show that the solar-wind energy flux is independent of the solar-wind speed and latitude within 10%, and that this quantity varies weakly over the solar cycle. In other words the energy flux appears as a global solar constant. We also show that the very high speed solar-wind (VSW > 700 km/s) has the same mean energy flux as the slower wind (VSW < 700 km/s), but with a different histogram. We use this result to deduce a relation between the solar-wind speed and density, which formalizes the anti-correlation between these quantities.
Chat, G Le; Meyer-Vernet, N
CEC- New Solar Homes Partnership
In January 2006, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) adopted a program � the California Solar Initiative (CSI) � to provide more than $3 billion in incentives for solar projects with...
Washington's solar easement laws are similar to those in many other states. The law does not create an automatic right to sunlight. Rather, the law allows parties to enter into solar easement...
Solar and Wind Permitting Laws
New Jersey has enacted three separate laws addressing local permitting practices for solar and wind energy facilities. The first deals with solar and wind facilities located in industrial-zoned...
is the ratio of the solar cell output power to the incidentmaximum power output at: The fill factor of a solar cell FFsolar cell temperature by about 15�C, which increases the output power
Austin Energy's Residential Solar Rate
Leslie Libby Austin Energy Project Manager 2020 Utility Scale Solar Goal 175 MW 30 MW PPA at Webberville 2020 Distributed Solar Goal 25 MW Residential - 7.0 MW Commercial - 1.4 MW...
Solar Energy Sales Tax Exemption
New Jersey offers a full exemption from the state's sales tax (currently 7%) for all solar energy equipment. This exemption is available to all taxpayers. All major types solar energy equipment,...
In Minnesota, solar-energy systems purchased on or after August 1, 2005, are exempt from the state's sales tax. Solar energy systems are defined as "a set of devices whose primary purpose is to...
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs)
Note: In July 2012 New Jersey enacted S.B. 1925 substantially revising it's solar carve-out. The summary below incorporates information on the changes made to the solar carve-out and while it...
All solar and wind energy installations must be performed by a contractor duly licensed by and in good standing with the Louisiana Contractors Licensing Board with a classification of "Solar Energy...
Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Research (STCH): Thermochemic...
Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Research (STCH): Thermochemical Cycle Selection and Investment Priority Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Research (STCH):...
Solar Works in Seattle: Domestic Hot Water
Seattle's residential solar hot water workshop. Content also covers general solar resource assessment, siting, and financial incentives.
Funding Opportunity Announcement: Concentrating Solar Power:...
Funding Opportunity Announcement: Concentrating Solar Power: Advanced Projects Offering Low LCOE Opportunities Funding Opportunity Announcement: Concentrating Solar Power: Advanced...
The intermittent nature of solar power output makes it wellfor the grid. The solar power output can also directly
Local and state governments may utilize funds for solar installations on government buildings and engage in energy strategy
The 2005 Solar D House
, each of which designed, built, and operated a totally solar-powered home with a home office and their transportation needs using a solar-charged vehicle. Organized by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable energy Laboratory..., the Solar Decathlon competition challenges university teams to design and build an 800-square foot, totally solar-powered house. The competition took place on the National Mall in Washington D.C., where each house was constructed and operated from...
Proceedings of 2004 Solar Conference
Proceedings of 2004 Solar Conference July 1114, 2004, Portland, Oregon USA ISEC2004-65168 A HYBRID
Kissock, Kelly
Purdue Solar Energy Utilization Laboratory
The objective of this project is to establish and set-up a laboratory that will facilitate research and development of new low-cost and high-efficiency solar energy utilization technologies at Purdue University. The outcome will help spur the creation of solar energy start-up companies and eventually a solar energy industry in Indiana that can help fulfill the growing national demand for solar energy.
Agrawal, Rakesh [Purdue] [Purdue
Size dependence of solar X-ray flare properties
Non-thermal and thermal parameters of 85 solar flares of GOES class B1 to M6 (background subtracted classes A1 to M6) have been compared to each other. The hard X-ray flux has been measured by RHESSI and a spectral fitting provided flux and spectral index of the non-thermal emission, as well as temperature and emission measure of the thermal emission. The soft X-ray flux was taken from GOES measurements. We find a linear correlation in a double logarithmic plot between the non-thermal flux and the spectral index. The higher the acceleration rate of a flare, the harder the non-thermal electron distribution. The relation is similar to the one found by a comparison of the same parameters from several sub-peaks of a single flare. Thus small flares behave like small subpeaks of large flares. Thermal flare properties such as temperature, emission measure and the soft X-ray flux also correlate with peak non-thermal flux. A large non-thermal peak flux entails an enhancement in both thermal parameters. The relation between spectral index and the non-thermal flux is an intrinsic feature of the particle acceleration process, depending on flare size. This property affects the reported frequency distribution of flare energies.
Marina Battaglia; Paolo C. Grigis; Arnold O. Benz
Solar One PS10 Puertollano Plant Andasol I PS20 Location Technology Type Year Installed Capacity (MW) California,capacity of solar installed in each utility service area. The CaliforniaCalifornia, Hawaii, Indiana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Michigan, and Vermont do not have limits on the capacity of interconnected solar
Solar Ponds - What Are They?
Solar ponds can provide low cost solar energy collection as well as low temperature heat storage. Currently there are two types of solar ponds in an advanced state of development in the U.S. Each system uses a different collection and energy storage...
Anderson, A. L.
5, 1766, 2005 SCIAMACHY solar
height pre-processing and inhomogeneities of measured solar spectra. First results of O310 and NO2ACPD 5, 1766, 2005 SCIAMACHY solar occultation J. Meyer et al. Title Page Abstract Introduction/2005-5-17 European Geosciences Union Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions Solar occultation
The solar electric power outlook
The outlook for solar electric power plants is discussed. The following topics are discussed: Amoco/Envon solar vision, multi-megawatt solar power projects, global carbon dioxide emission estimates, pollution and electric power generation, social costs of pollution economies of scale, thin-film power module, rooftop market strategy, regulatory issues regarding rooftop systems, and where do we go from here?
Kemp, J.W.
2010 Solar Technologies Market Report
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report details the market conditions and trends for photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the report provides a comprehensive overview of the solar electricity market and identifies successes and trends within the market from both global and national perspectives.
Public Lecture Prospects for Solar
Public Lecture Prospects for Solar Energy Utilization 4 p.m., October 8 100 Lindquist Hall Scientific lecture O Thermodynamically Efficient Solar Energy Concentration 2 p.m., October 7 128 Jabara Hall-Merced and director of the California Advanced Solar Technologies Institute. He invented the field of non
TABLES FOR THE MUTUAL CONVERSION OF SOLAR AND SIDEREAL TIME BY EDWARD SANG, F.R.S.E. EDINBURGH in the third example. Sang converts 3.27 seconds of solar time into 3.26 seconds of sidereal time. But sidereal time elapses faster than solar time, and the correct value is 3.28 sec- onds. In the fourth example
Roegel, Denis
7/21/2010 1 EE580 Solar Cells Todd J. Kaiser · Lecture 08 · Solar Cell Characterization 1Montana State University: Solar Cells Lecture 8: Characterization Solar Cell Operation n Emitter p Base Rear completing the circuit 2Montana State University: Solar Cells Lecture 8: Characterization Solar Cell
The Solar Interior Paul Bushby (Newcastle University)
The Solar Interior Paul Bushby (Newcastle University) STFC Introductory Course in Solar System. Solar rotation and large-scale flows 3. The solar cycle 4. Solar dynamo theory 5. Open questions Sunday, 5 September 2010 #12;1. Basic properties of the Sun Right: A recent image from the Solar Dynamics
Haase, Markus
Solar Radiation and Meteorological Data Support
Solar Radiation and Meteorological Data Support for the Long Island Solar Farm and NSERCand NSERC-9 2011March 8 9, 2011 #12;LISF Solar Radiation and Meteorological Sensor Network ·· Technology Needs on intermittent source of solar radiationintermittent source of solar radiation #12;LISF Solar Radiation
Homes, Christopher C.
7, 499535, 2007 Solar radiation during
ACPD 7, 499535, 2007 Solar radiation during a total solar eclipse C. Emde and B. Mayer Title Page Chemistry and Physics Discussions Simulation of solar radiation during a total solar eclipse: a challenge535, 2007 Solar radiation during a total solar eclipse C. Emde and B. Mayer Title Page Abstract Introduction
Solar solids reactor
A solar powered kiln is provided, that is of relatively simple design and which efficiently uses solar energy. The kiln or solids reactor includes a stationary chamber with a rearward end which receives solid material to be reacted and a forward end through which reacted material is disposed of, and a screw conveyor extending along the bottom of the chamber for slowly advancing the material between the chamber ends. Concentrated solar energy is directed to an aperture at the forward end of the chamber to heat the solid material moving along the bottom of the chamber. The solar energy can be reflected from a mirror facing at an upward incline, through the aperture and against a heat-absorbing material near the top of the chamber, which moves towards the rear of the chamber to distribute heat throughout the chamber. Pumps at the forward and rearward ends of the chamber pump heated sweep gas through the length of the chamber, while minimizing the flow of gas through an open aperture through which concentrated sunlight is received.
Yudow, B.D.
Yudow, Bernard D. (Chicago, IL)
Solar Policy Environment: Knoxville
The City of Knoxville is �beginning at the beginning� of the transition to solar energy utilization. With limited public information and experience, it is important for Knoxville to focus extensively on public outreach and workforce development. The City will also commence a direct incentive and embark on a massive educational program.
Solar Policy Environment: Orlando
Through the Green Future Alliance, the City of Orlando will partner with the Orlando Public Utilities Commission and Orange County Government to develop a comprehensive, systematic approach to promoting solar market development which includes public outreach, training for stakeholders, meaningful incentives and new regulatory standards that can act as a model to encourage participation from surrounding local governments.
Measuring solar abundances
This is the rapporteur paper of Working Group 2 on Measuring Solar Abundances. The working group presented and discussed the different observations and methods for obtaining the elemental and isotopic composition of the Sun, and critically reviewed their results and the accuracies thereof. Furthermore, a few important yet unanswered questions were identified, and the potential of future missions to provide answers was assessed.
Reisenfeld, D. B. (Daniel B.); Von Steiger, R. (Rudolf); Vial, J.-C. (Jean-Claude); Bochsler, P.; Chaussidon, M.; Cohen, C. M. S.; Fleck, B.; Heber, V. S.; Wiens, R. C. (Roger C.)
It is an object of the invention to provide a monolithic tandem photovoltaic solar cell which is highly radiation resistant and efficient; in which the energy bandgap of the lower subcell can be tailored for specific applications; solar cell comprising layers of InP and GaInAsP (or GaInAs), where said photovoltaic cell is useful, for example, in space power applications; having an improved power-to-mass ratio; in which subcells are lattice-matches; and are both two terminal and three terminal monolithic tandem photovoltaic solar cells. To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the monolithic tandem photovoltaic solar cell may comprise; (a) an InP substrate having an upper surface; (b) a first photoactive subcell on the upper surface of the InP substrate; wherein the first subcell comprises GaInAs (which could include GaInAsP) and includes a homojunction; and (c) a second photoactive subcell on the first subcell; wherein the second subcell comprises InP and includes a homojunction. The cell is described in detail. 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Integrated solar collector
A solar collector having a copper panel in a contiguous space relationship with a condenser-evaporator heat exchanger located under the panel, the panel having a honeycomb-like structure on its interior defining individual cells which are filled with zeolite loaded, in its adsorbed condition, with 18 to 20% by weight of water. The interior of the panel and heat exchanger are maintained at subatmospheric pressure of about 0.1 to 1 psia. The panel and heat exchanger are insulated on their lateral sides and bottoms and on the top of the heat exchange. The panel has a black coating on its top which is exposed to and absorbs solar energy. Surrounding the insulation (which supports the panel) is an extruded aluminum framework which supports a pair of spaced-apart glass panels above the solar panel. Water in conduits from a system for heating or cooling or both is connected to flow into an inlet and discharge from outlet of a finned coil received within the heat exchanger. The collector panel provides heat during the day through desorption and condensing of water vapor from the heated solar panel in the heat exchanger and cools at night by the re-adsorption of the water vapor from the heat exchanger which lowers the absolute pressure within the system and cools the heat exchange coils by evaporation.
Tchernev, Dimiter I. (9 Woodman Rd., Chestnut Hill, MA 02167)
Solar tracking apparatus
The invention relates to a solar tracking device which tracks the position of the sun using paired, partially-shaded photocells. Auxiliary photocells are used for initial acquisition of the sun and for the suppression of false tracking when the sun is obscured by clouds.
Hammons, Burrell E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Sensitized energy transfer for organic solar cells, optical solar concentrators, and solar pumped lasers
The separation of chromophore absorption and excitonic processes, such as singlet exciton fission and photoluminescence, offers several advantages to the design of organic solar cells and luminescent solar concentrators ...
Reusswig, Philip David
Total Solar Irradiance Variability and the Solar Activity Cycle
It is suggested that the solar variability is due to the perturbed nature of the solar core and this variability is provided by the variability of the solar neutrino flux from the solar neutrino detectors i.e., Homestake, Superkamiokande, SAGE and GALLEX-GNO. The solar neutrino flux in the standard solar model (SSM) was calculated on the assumption of L_nu (neutrino luminosity) = L_gamma (optical luminosity) which implies that if there is a change in optical luminosity then solar neutrino flux data will also be changed. An internal dynamo due to the cyclic variation of nuclear energy generation inside the core of the sun is responsible for the solar activity cycle was suggested and thus the internal magnetic field is also variable. Again the changes in the nuclear energy generation induce structural changes that result in variations of the global solar parameters i.e., luminosity, radius and temperatures etc. From the analysis of total solar irradiance (TSI) data during the year from 1970 to 2003 we have found five phases within the solar activity cycle. The first phase (I) starts before two years from the sunspot minimum. The second phase (II) starts at the time of sunspot minimum and phase (III) starts before 2/3 years from sunspot maximum whereas phase (IV) starts at sunspot maximum and fifth phase (V) starts at after 2-3 years from sunspot maximum.
Probhas Raychaudhuri
Initial Results from an Automated High Spectral
. P. Hedrick, and J.P. Garcia University of Wisconsin 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison Wisconsin 53706 for continuous remote untended operation as an Internet appliance. - Transceiver Design: Laser light goes through Measurements: Calibrated measurements begin at z=75 m. - Narrow field-of-view: Nearly eliminates solar
Eloranta, Edwin W.
Radiochemical solar neutrino experiments
Radiochemical experiments have been crucial to solar neutrino research. Even today, they provide the only direct measurement of the rate of the proton-proton fusion reaction, p + p --> d + e^+ + nu_e, which generates most of the Sun's energy. We first give a little history of radiochemical solar neutrino experiments with emphasis on the gallium experiment SAGE -- the only currently operating detector of this type. The combined result of all data from the Ga experiments is a capture rate of 67.6 +/- 3.7 SNU. For comparison to theory, we use the calculated flux at the Sun from a standard solar model, take into account neutrino propagation from the Sun to the Earth and the results of neutrino source experiments with Ga, and obtain 67.3 ^{+3.9}_{-3.5} SNU. Using the data from all solar neutrino experiments we calculate an electron neutrino pp flux at the earth of (3.41 ^{+0.76}_{-0.77}) x 10^{10}/(cm^2-s), which agrees well with the prediction from a detailed solar model of (3.30 ^{+0.13} _{-0.14}) x 10^{10}/(cm^2-s). Four tests of the Ga experiments have been carried out with very intense reactor-produced neutrino sources and the ratio of observed to calculated rates is 0.88 +/- 0.05. One explanation for this unexpectedly low result is that the cross section for neutrino capture by the two lowest-lying excited states in 71Ge has been overestimated. We end with consideration of possible time variation in the Ga experiments and an enumeration of other possible radiochemical experiments that might have been.
V. N. Gavrin; B. T. Cleveland
ALMA's high-cadence imaging capabilities for solar observations
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array offers an unprecedented view of our Sun at sub-/millimeter wavelengths. The high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution facilitates the measurement of gas temperatures and magnetic fields in the solar chromosphere with high precision. The anticipated results will revolutionize our understanding of the solar atmosphere and may in particular result in major steps towards solving the coronal heating problem. Based on state-of-the-art 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we calculate the emergent continuum intensity (and thus brightness temperature maps) in the wavelength range accessed by ALMA and simulate instrumental effects for different array configurations. First results show that the local gas temperature can be closely mapped with ALMA and that much of the complex small-scale chromospheric pattern can be resolved.
Wedemeyer, Sven
SmartSolarGrid Deciding what to do with Solar Energy production
SmartSolarGrid Deciding what to do with Solar Energy production Diogo Morgado and Paulo Ferreira. Solar energy has been subject of great development in the past years, which led to the concept of Solar, Solar energy, Solar road, Smart- SolarGrid 1 Introduction Mankind is facing a threat from the effects
Ferreira, Paulo
ELEG620: Solar Electric Systems University of Delaware, ECE Spring 2008 C. Honsberg Solar Radiation
ELEG620: Solar Electric Systems University of Delaware, ECE Spring 2008 C. Honsberg Solar Radiation Solar Radiation: Effects of atmosphere, angular dependence of radiation, variation of solar radiation Calculation of Solar Radiation: · Estimate of intensity of solar radiation · Angular Dependence Solar Noon
Honsberg, Christiana
Solar Policy Environment: New Orleans
To use unprecedented rebuilding of the city of New Orleans is an opportunity for the Office of Recovery Management and its partners to encourage solar in New Orleans� energy marketplace. While all Solar Cities grantees are undertaking market transformation activities that will both remove barriers to the adoption of solar technologies and reduce the cost of solar technologies, the reconstruction process affords New Orleans a window of opportunity to structurally alter the ways in which solar technologies are regulated, incentivized, produced, and consumed in the Greater New Orleans area.
Constraining solar abundances using helioseismology
Recent analyses of solar photospheric abundances suggest that the oxygen abundance in the solar atmosphere needs to be revised downwards. In this study we investigate the consequence of this revision on helioseismic analyses of the depth of the solar convection zone and the helium abundance in the solar envelope and find no significant effect. We also find that the revised abundances along with the current OPAL opacity tables are not consistent with seismic data. A significant upward revision of the opacity tables is required to make solar models with lower oxygen abundance consistent with seismic observations.
Energy 101: Concentrating Solar Power
From towers to dishes to linear mirrors to troughs, concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies reflect and collect solar heat to generate electricity. A single CSP plant can generate enough power for about 90,000 homes. This video explains what CSP is, how it works, and how systems like parabolic troughs produce renewable power. For more information on the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's CSP research, see the Solar Energy Technology Program's Concentrating Solar Power Web page at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/csp_program.html.
Implementing Solar Technologies at Airports
Federal agencies, such as the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security, as well as numerous private entities are actively pursuing the installation of solar technologies to help reduce fossil fuel energy use and associated emissions, meet sustainability goals, and create more robust or reliable operations. One potential approach identified for siting solar technologies is the installation of solar energy technologies at airports and airfields, which present a significant opportunity for hosting solar technologies due to large amounts of open land. This report focuses largely on the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) policies toward siting solar technologies at airports.
Kandt, A.; Romero, R.
Determining solar abundances using helioseismology
The recent downward revision of solar photospheric abundances of Oxygen and other heavy elements has resulted in serious discrepancies between solar models and solar structure as determined through helioseismology. In this work we investigate the possibility of determining the solar heavy-element abundance without reference to spectroscopy by using helioseismic data. Using the dimensionless sound-speed derivative in the solar convection zone, we find that the heavy element abundance, Z, of 0.0172 +/- 0.002, which is closer to the older, higher value of the abundances.
H. M. Antia; Sarbani Basu
Solar retorting of oil shale
An apparatus and method for retorting oil shale using solar radiation. Oil shale is introduced into a first retorting chamber having a solar focus zone. There the oil shale is exposed to solar radiation and rapidly brought to a predetermined retorting temperature. Once the shale has reached this temperature, it is removed from the solar focus zone and transferred to a second retorting chamber where it is heated. In a second chamber, the oil shale is maintained at the retorting temperature, without direct exposure to solar radiation, until the retorting is complete.
Gregg, David W. (Morago, CA)
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