text:
One embodiment of the present invention pertains to a suspension assembly comprising a suspension, a slider, and a suspension interface by which the slider is rotatably connected about a yaw axis to the suspension.
1. A suspension assembly comprising a suspension, a slider, and a suspension interface comprising a pivot and a pivot socket, wherein the pivot is rotatably engaged with the pivot socket, wherein the suspension interface provides substantial freedom of rotation of the slider about a yaw axis relative to the suspension.
2. The suspension assembly of
3. The suspension assembly of
4. The suspension assembly of
5. The suspension assembly of
6. The suspension assembly of
7. The suspension assembly of
8. The suspension assembly of
9. The suspension assembly of
10. The suspension assembly of
11. The suspension assembly of
12. The suspension assembly of
13. The suspension assembly of
14. The suspension assembly of
15. The suspension assembly of
16. The suspension assembly of
17. The suspension assembly of
18. The suspension assembly of
19. The suspension assembly of
20. The suspension assembly of
21. The suspension assembly of
22. The suspension assembly of
23. The suspension assembly of
24. The suspension assembly of
25. A slider, comprising:
means for operatively suspending the slider from a suspension, the means comprising a pivot and a pivot socket, wherein the pivot is rotatably engaged with the pivot socket, wherein the means provides substantial freedom of rotation of the slider about a yaw axis; and
means for exploiting an ambient fluid flow to reduce a skew angle of the slider relative to the ambient fluid flow.
26. The slider of
27. The slider of
28. The slider of
29. The slider of
30. The slider of
31. A suspension assembly comprising:
a suspension, comprising a slider interface component; and
a slider comprising:
an aerodynamic surface; and
a back surface that comprises a suspension interface component, wherefrom the slider is operatively suspended from the slider interface component of the suspension, providing the slider with substantial freedom of yaw rotation, whereby the aerodynamic surface is adapted to translate a force of an ambient air flow at a skew angle relative to the slider into a torque about the suspension interface which minimizes the skew angle.
32. The suspension assembly of
33. The suspension assembly of
34. The suspension assembly of
35. The suspension assembly of
36. The suspension assembly of
37. The suspension assembly of
38. The suspension assembly of
The present invention relates generally to suspension assemblies, and as a particular illustration but not by limitation, to suspension assemblies including sliders which minimize skew angle to increase storage density capabilities of data storage systems.
Systems such as data storage systems often include a slider involved in reading from and/or writing to a data storage medium. For example, disc drives are one popular form of data storage system. Disc drives use rigid discs that include a storage medium for storage of digital information in a plurality of circular, concentric data tracks. The discs are mounted on a spindle motor which causes the discs to spin and the surfaces of the discs to pass under respective sliders. Such sliders use a fluid such as air to supply an aerodynamic bearing force. The sliders carry data interface heads, such as magnetoresistive heads, which write information to and/or read information from the disc surfaces.
An actuator, such as a rotary actuator, moves each slider from track to track across the surface of a disc under the control, for example, of electronic circuitry. Using a rotary actuator for moving the sliders typically causes a skew angle between the orientation of the suspension assembly, including the suspension, the slider and the head mounted thereon, and the data track upon the disc which is intended to be read or written to by the slider. This skew angle can be significant, for example, up to 15 degrees or more in some data storage systems. This skew angle causes a misalignment between the head of a slider, whether a read/write head, or a separate read or write head, and the data track intended to be read or written to. This results in a loss of performance in writing to or reading the intended data track. This can also cause a corner of the transducer to be positioned over an adjacent data track, causing read or write interference between the intended data track and the unintended, adjacent data track.
Disc drives using magnetoresistive (MR) technology, for example, have become a popular solution for increasing data storage system performance. In particular, MR heads adapted for perpendicular recording, as opposed to longitudinal recording, have become favored for their advantageous function in increasing areal data density. Many data storage systems also use separate transducers for read and write functions. While these features can offer substantial advantages, they also exacerbate the problems resulting from a nontrivial skew angle. For example, in disc drives using MR heads adapted for perpendicular recording, the sensitivity of performance to skew angle is three to five times more severe than for longitudinal recording. This exemplifies the growing problem of skew angle in any type of system involving a suspension assembly including a slider that may be affected by a skew angle in opposing data storage media.
Therefore, a new slider technology for systems incorporating suspension assemblies is highly desired, to solve the problems of skew angle while avoiding tradeoffs with other design criteria.
Embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to these and other problems, and offer other advantages over the prior art.
One embodiment of the present invention pertains to a suspension assembly comprising a suspension, a slider, and a suspension interface by which the slider is rotatably connected about a yaw axis to the suspension.
Another embodiment of the invention pertains to a slider, including means for operatively suspending the slider from a suspension, and means for exploiting an ambient fluid flow to minimize a skew angle of the slider relative to the ambient fluid flow.
Another embodiment of the invention pertains to a suspension assembly including a suspension and a slider. The suspension includes a slider interface component. The slider includes an aerodynamic surface, and a back surface that comprises a suspension interface component, wherefrom the slider is operatively suspended from the slider interface component of the suspension, providing the slider with substantial freedom of yaw rotation. The aerodynamic surface is thereby adapted to translate a force of an ambient air flow at a skew angle relative to the slider into a torque about the suspension interface which minimizes the skew angle.
Other features and benefits that characterize embodiments of the present invention are explicitly and implicitly apparent upon reading the following detailed description and review of the associated drawings.
Gimbal 42 is attached to back surface 52 of load beam 40. Gimbal 42 includes rearward mounting portion 54 and forward flexure portion 56. Mounting portion 54 has alignment features 58 and 60 which mate with corresponding alignment features in load beam 40 when gimbal 42 is attached to load beam 40. Gimbal 42 can be attached to load beam 40 in a variety of ways, such as by welding or with an adhesive.
Flexure portion 56 includes cutout 62 which forms flexure beams 64 and 66, and cross member 68. Flexure beams 64 and 66 are substantially parallel to beam axis 50 of load beam 40. Cross member 68 is in contact with suspension interface 70, by which slider 20 is suspended from suspension 22 of suspension assembly 8. Suspension interface 70 enables slider 20 to rotate about vertical axis 72, which defines a yaw rotation of the slider. Vertical axis 72, which can also be considered the yaw axis or Z axis of the slider, is substantially the same axis about which a skew angle is measured. Slider 20 is thus rotatably connected about yaw axis 72 to suspension 22.
In traditional head gimbal assemblies, some de minimis slider flexure about a yaw axis occurs, owing merely to the inexorable flexing inherent in any physical object subjected to forces. However, the understanding in the art has typically centered on head gimbal assemblies configured to resist yaw rotation as much as possible. The embodiment of
Slider 20 has leading edge 78 and trailing edge 80. The longitudinal axis 74, also known as the X axis, is depicted. Rotation about the longitudinal axis 74 defines the roll of the slider 20. The lateral, or Y axis 76 is depicted. Rotation of the slider about lateral axis 76 defines the pitch of the slider 20. Rotation about vertical or Z axis 72 defines the yaw of the slider 20. The plane orthogonal to the vertical axis substantially defines the rotational plane in which the skew angle of the slider 20 occurs. More precisely, it is the vertically projected angle between the longitudinal axis of the data interface head (shown in later figures as the example of a transducer) and the opposed data track (shown in later figures) that defines the skew angle. The angle formed by this projection is equivalent to the angle of the slider about the vertical axis, other than nominal effects on the slider such as nominal pitch and roll that distinguish the vertical axis of the slider from an axis orthogonal to the data track.
The interface between the shaft surface 89 of the swivel 90D and the shaft receiving surface 91 of the slider 20D is adapted for low friction and high, long-term durability. For example, in various embodiments, the composition of shaft surface 89 and/or shaft receiving surface 91 are comprised of sapphire, ruby, glass, diamond-like carbon (DLC), or other comparable substance, and/or the interface between the two surfaces is treated with a lubricant. Other embodiments include variations such as swivel 90 being affixed to slider 20D while being rotatably engaged with suspension 22D.
Some embodiments of the suspension assembly include active control mechanisms to rotate the slider to minimize skew angle of the slider relative to an ambient air flow, in place of or in tandem with passive, aerodynamically governed mechanisms for minimizing skew angle. For example, in an alternative embodiment corresponding to suspension assembly 8F of
As the track accessing arm 24 (depicted in
The interface between load point button 102 and load recess track 104 is adapted for low friction and high, long-term durability. For example, in various embodiments, the composition of load point button 102 and/or load recess track 104 are comprised of sapphire, ruby, glass, diamond-like carbon (DLC), or other comparable substance, and the interface between the two surfaces is treated with a lubricant.
Many other configurations and embodiments, and particularly of the suspension interface, similar to those depicted in
A sweepback surface is a vertical surface of a vertical stabilizer with a non-zero sweepback angle. A surface is vertical if it is approximately parallel to the vertical axis, e.g. 72K of a slider, e.g. 20K, or otherwise if the surface's projection on the vertical axis is significant relative to its projection on the plane orthogonal thereto, or the surface is otherwise enabled to deflect ambient fluid flow to cause a torque on the slider. Therefore, in some embodiments a sweepback surface is approximately parallel to the vertical axis, e.g. 72K, for example, as close to parallel as is reasonably feasible under nominal manufacturing tolerances; while in other embodiments, a sweepback surface has a substantially sloped form so that it includes a significant longitudinal and/or lateral projection as well as a significant vertical projection. This is particularly the case for surfaces intended to play a role in controlling pitch and/or roll as well as yaw.
Vertical stabilizer 126L also has shallow sweepback surfaces 134 and 136, and steep sweepback surfaces 138 and 140. Angle 142 is the sweepback angle of sweepback surface 134, relative to a lateral direction. Sweepback angle 144 defines the sweepback angle of sweepback surface 138 relative to a lateral direction. "Sweepback angle" is a term of art in aerodynamics, and is defined as measured from a lateral direction, such that a surface with a sweepback angle of zero degrees is substantially perpendicular to the direction of motion and of fluid flow, i.e. flow of an ambient fluid such as air or argon for example, while a sweepback angle of ninety degrees indicates substantially parallel to the direction of motion or fluid flow, i.e. a fin surface. Sweepback angle 142 is depicted here to be about 10 degrees, while sweepback angle 144 is depicted here to be about 80 degrees. These are representative of a wide range of possible sweepback angles of sweepback surfaces of the aerodynamic front surface, which could possibly be any angle greater than zero degrees up to 90 degrees.
Although particular embodiments such as this are described in reference to a disc drive as a particular form of data storage system, the present invention has various other embodiments with application to other data storage systems involving media including magnetic, magnetoresistive, optical, mechanical, and other data technologies, in disc, tape, floppy, and other mechanical formats. For example, while the embodiment above is described with reference to a magnetoresistive head adapted for perpendicular recording, other types of heads are comprised in alternative embodiments, such as a magnetoresistive head adapted for longitudinal recording. Similarly, in other embodiments a slider is disposed opposite a surface hosting locations defined in terms other than data tracks, wherein the present invention is also useful in rotating to minimize a skew angle relative to an ambient fluid flow.
In this embodiment, head longitudinal axis 184 is substantially parallel to longitudinal axis of the slider (not shown) and offset therefrom by a vertical displacement. These two axes are distinguished wherein the longitudinal axis of the slider passes through the slider and defines the roll axis thereof, while head longitudinal axis 184 passes through magnetoresistive head 200. In other embodiments, a data interface head is set away from the longitudinal centerline of the aerodynamic front surface, so that the data interface head longitudinal axis would be offset both vertically and laterally from the longitudinal axis of the slider. The orientation of slider 20Q in
An ambient air flow 220 is depicted interacting with the aerodynamic front surface 84Q. Ambient air flow 220 is an example of a type of fluid flow that may be ambient to slider 20Q. Other fluids having similar hydrodynamic qualities would cause a similar interaction. The ambient air flow 220 impacts vertical stabilizer surfaces, including sweepback surface 208, and fin surfaces 212 and 218, of aerodynamic front surface 84. This creates a much greater air pressure against these stabilizer surfaces than against other surfaces of the aerodynamic front surface. For example, the pressure against a vertical stabilizer surface can reach up to 15 times normal atmospheric air pressure or more, during normal operation of a data storage system such as a disc drive. The ambient air flow 220 thereby exerts a particularly strong force against vertical stabilizer surfaces 208, 212, and 218.
Since slider 20Q has substantial freedom of yaw rotation, that is, rotation about the vertical axis 72Q, these forces will translate into a torque on slider 20Q about vertical axis 72Q in the direction that will minimize the skew angle. In embodiments such as this one, the greater the skew angle, the greater the forces exerted upon the vertical stabilizer surfaces 208, 212 and 218 by the ambient air flow 220, and therefore the greater the torque on the slider 20Q about the vertical axis 72Q.
Since it is the action of the air flow that causes the torque, it is the skew angle as defined between the longitudinal axis of the slider and the tangential axis of the air flow that is minimized. This is generally equivalent to the skew angle between the read/write head or separate read head or write head disposed on the slider, and the opposing data track of the disc surface which causes the air flow. Minimizing the skew angle between the head and the opposing data track is a purpose of the invention.
Ambient air flow 220 is depicted impacting aerodynamic front surface 84Q at an angle corresponding to the skew angle. As the slider 20Q rotates about vertical axis 72Q in response to the torque, the skew angle is reduced. The torque is thereby also reduced as the skew angle reduces, with the torque approaching zero as skew angle approaches zero.
It is desirable to use an embodiment which optimizes the capability of the aerodynamic front surface to translate the ambient air flow into a high torque that will reduce the skew angle as rapidly as possible, consistent with other performance objectives. For instance, studies have indicated that a vertical stabilizer surface with a sweepback angle of 75 degrees offers a far greater amount of torque relative to a skew angle than does a vertical stabilizer surface with a sweepback angle of 90 degrees (which may also be considered a fin surface) relative to the skew angle; and that a vertical stabilizer surface with a sweepback angle of 60 degrees offers significantly more torque relative to the skew angle than a vertical stabilizer surface of 75 degrees. On the other hand, a fin surface may be desirable, for instance, by providing some torque per skew angle while inducing less drag on the slider than an angled sweepback surface, as one example of a tradeoff among various performance objectives.
It is also desirable to use an embodiment with a front surface adapted to avoid an over-rotation of slider 20Q. Over-rotation occurs when the torque caused by an ambient air flow causes the slider 20Q to rotate about vertical axis 72Q past what is required to reduce the skew angle to zero degrees, and instead causes a new skew angle on the other side of the contemporary tangential axis. It is therefore desired for the aerodynamic front surface to be enabled to cause a torque that rises rapidly as a function of skew angle within a small variation of skew angle from zero. This will help ensure that the rotation of the slider caused by the torque will be damped, and not overcompensate for the skew angle. Studies have indicated that sweepback angles significantly below 90 degrees provide such a dampening, high change in torque close to zero skew angle, to prevent such overcompensation.
In practice, achieving a skew angle of precisely zero is rare, particularly with the track accessing arm and suspension rotating back and forth across the surface of data storage media during normal operation of the data storage system. The orientation of the slider 20Q relative to ambient air flow is therefore likely to be changing frequently during normal operations. It may therefore be rare, during normal operation, for the slider to remain oriented to the ambient air flow in the same orientation over long periods of time. Rather, it is expected that the slider will often significantly reduce the skew angle, perhaps not to zero, but to a fraction of what would be the case with a slider fixed rigidly to the suspension, as with many traditional data storage systems.
For example, exemplary embodiments are envisioned in which the slider has a typical maximum operating skew angle relative to the ambient air flow of two to three degrees. Other embodiments are contemplated in which the typical maximum skew angle is in a greater or lesser range than this. This represents a substantial improvement over a fixed slider skew angle, which may have a maximum of up to 15 degrees or more in different traditional data storage systems. In other words, embodiments such as that of
Different embodiments of the aerodynamic front surface and the vertical stabilizer surfaces disposed thereon have different relations between skew angle and torque. In the embodiment of
For instance, studies indicate that a fin surface, i.e. a vertical stabilizer surface that is substantially parallel, to within nominal manufacturing tolerances in the industry, to the longitudinal centerline of the front surface, is characterized by a relation in which the torque rises roughly exponentially but very slowly as a function of skew angle. In this case, there is little or negligible torque or rise in torque within small skew angles; nevertheless, the torque still rises in a substantially proportional relation to skew angle.
As another example, some embodiments are envisioned which include asymmetrical aerodynamic features on the front surface, designed particularly to compensate for differential influences on the roll of the slider, for example. In such a case, the relation between torque and skew angle is asymmetrical, depending on which side of the tangential axis the skew angle is on. While the vertical stabilizer surfaces in symmetrical embodiments are disposed in symmetrical opposition with one another about the longitudinal centerline, to within nominal manufacturing tolerances in the industry, the vertical stabilizer surfaces in an asymmetrically designed disc-opposing surface will have departures from such symmetry sufficient to meet the design objectives, such as to improve the roll properties of the slider, or to account for differences in fluid flow characteristics from one side of the aerodynamic front surface to the other, for example, faster fluid flow on the side of the slider closer to the outer diameter of a disc. The vertical stabilizer surfaces are disposed in substantially symmetric opposition to each other about the longitudinal centerline in that they are symmetric but for the differences involved in such correction factors and nominal manufacturing techniques, and the relation between skew angle and torque is substantially proportional.
In other embodiments, the torque actually peaks at a skew angle before the maximum specified skew angle, but is still oriented in the direction to minimize the skew angle. This means the minimizing torque would have a local minimum at a non-zero skew angle. However, the equilibrium orientation angle of the slider would remain without any minima away from zero skew angle. Such an aerodynamic front surface may result from compromise between optimizing skew angle minimization with other design goals, such as pitch, roll, and vertical height properties, for example. Because the torque, despite having local minima, still always acts to minimize the skew angle, these embodiments are also envisioned.
For example, in some embodiments the maximum possible skew angle is approximately 15 degrees, which would occur at either the inner diameter or the outer diameter of the disc, while the actuator is placed such that a zero skew angle will occur at an intermediate track between the inner diameter and outer diameter. The rotation limiter 240 would therefore have a maximum rotation angle of approximately 15 degrees, which is the greatest angle by which the slider could rotate relative to the suspension. In other embodiments the maximum possible skew angle is about 12 degrees or 18 degrees, or in values above or below this range. The rotation limiter is an example of a mechanism that ensures the rotation of the slider 20X about the vertical axis 72X is limited to within the range that is useful for minimizing skew angle.
While many of the above embodiments are presented in terms of the specific example of rotating the slider to minimize skew angle by passively exploiting the ambient fluid flow, some embodiments use different mechanisms and systems for rotating the slider to minimize skew angle, including using active control mechanisms, such as discussed referring to
It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various illustrative embodiments of the invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments of the invention, this disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present invention, to the full extent indicated by the broad, general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.
For example, the particular elements may vary depending on the particular application for the system, while maintaining substantially the same functionality. For another example, while specific examples such as a disc drive and a transducer are discussed as representative examples, a wide variety of data storage systems and data interfaces using various technologies are equally applicable, involving discs, tapes, drums, magnetic, magnetoresistive, giant magnetoresistive (GMR), optical, and other related data manipulation technologies. Additionally, while specific embodiments of a suspension assembly are described and depicted herein, many alternate embodiments are also contemplated which also lie within the metes and bounds of the claims, such as a suspension assembly in which a gimbal is combined with a pivot or swivel, as one illustrative example. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to a family of systems, devices, and means encompassed by and equivalent to the examples of embodiments described, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Further, still other applications for the sliders of the present invention are contemplated.
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Like Kelley, Gatt, and Crowe, the trajectory of Cheryl Jackson's life has been shifted by Oprah's influence.
But he remains a convicted felon for life, according to his attorney, Cheryl Carpenter.
The Daily Pic: In 1993, Cheryl Donegan added sex to conceptual art.
fem. proper name, popular in U.S. for girls born 1944-1975.

subset: commoncrawl


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February 7, 2009
February 4, 2009
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Revenge of the Sith (US - DVD R1)
We have early details on the 3rd of the latest Star Wars prequels
Starring: Ewan McGreggor
Released: 1st November 2005
Further Details
Lucasfilm has today officially announced Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith which stars Ewan McGreggor and Hayden Christensen. The film will arrive in seperate widescreen and full screen editions from the 1st November this year, with each setting you back around $27.95. Both will carry an English Dolby Digital 5.1 EX track. Extras will include an audio commentary, a brand-new full-length documentary produced by Lucasfilm Ltd, two new featurettes on the prophecy of Anakin Skywalker, and the movie's amazing stunts, a 15-part collection of Lucasfilm's groundbreaking web documentary series, and a two-level playable demo of Star Wars Battlefront II. Completing the package will be some deleted scenes and trailers. We've attached the official package artwork below, along with a couple of screen shots from one of the new deleted scenes which chronicles the birth of the Rebel Alliance. Further details will follow.
Revenge of the Sith: Artwork
Revenge of the Sith: Disc One Menus
Revenge of the Sith: Deleted Scene
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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
Saving Afghanistan's archaeological sites
08 Jun 2011 11:33 GMT | Politics, Middle East, Egypt, France, Russia
European powers are increasing pressure on the UN Security Council to break its silence on events in Syria following a bloody government crackdown on pro-democracy protests in the country.
Britain, France, Germany and Portugal have circulated a draft resolution that would condemn the crackdown and demand an immediate end to the violence in Syria.
However, the proposal falls short of calling for military action or further UN sanctions against the Syrian government.
"Today in New York, Britain and France will be tabling a resolution at the Security Council condemning the repression and demanding accountability and humanitarian access," David Cameron, the British prime minister, said on Wednesday.
"And if anyone votes against that resolution or tries to veto it, that should be on their conscience," he told parliament members.
A day earlier, Alain Juppe, the French foreign minister, condemned what he called "the repression" in Syria, saying it was getting worse.
"The massacres are on the rise. It is inconceivable that the United Nations remains silent on such a matter," Juppe said. "We are working with our UK friends to have as large a majority as possible on the Security Council. I think we have to move to a vote so that everyone can assume their responsibilities."
But Russia, citing NATO's inconclusive bombing of the Libyan capital, Tripoli, said it would veto intervention against Syria in the Security Council. 'Struck by fear'
Meanwhile in Syria, the unrest continued as residents of the northern town of Jisr al-Shughur fled amid fears of a military crackdown, a day after the government vowed retaliation for the alleged killings of 120 security personnel.
Locals said many residents were fleeing the area for the Turkish border about 20km away, before the expected assault.
"People were struck by fear and panic after the government statements last night, it's clear they are preparing for a major massacre,'' a resident told the AP news agency, referring to Mohammed Ibrahim al-Shaar's, the interior minister, saying that "the state will act firmly, with force".
Turkey's state-run Anatolian news agency said on Wednesday that more than 120 Syrians, including women and children, crossed the border into Turkey overnight.
It said they were being housed in tents set up near the border in Turkey's Hatay province.
Security forces have been conducting military operations in Jisr al-Shughur for several days as part of a crackdown on anti-government protests. Activists say 42 people have been killed.
One of the activists said residents had seen troops approaching the town on Tuesday from Aleppo, Syria's second city, and from Latakia on the coast.State television reported that 120 members of the security forces were killed in an ambush on Monday by "armed gangs" who had "mutilated bodies and thrown others into the Assi river" and burnt public buildings.'Shot by government troops'
Activists said the security forces were shot by government troops, after they refused to open fire on civilians.
A statement on Facebook - signed "residents of Jisr al-Shughur" - said "the deaths among soldiers and police were the consequence of defections in the army" and denied state media claims of armed gangs in their region.Ammar Qurabi, head of the Egypt-based National Organisation for Human Rights in Syria, said it was unclear how such a large number of officers were killed.
He said the probable cause was army infighting, but added there may be cases of individual residents rising up against troops to defend themselves.
Turkish authorities said 35 Syrians wounded in the clashes were treated at Turkish hospitals on Tuesday after crossing the border from Jisr al-Shughur.
The Turkish foreign ministry said 224 Syrians were sheltering at a camp near the border and that authorities were taking measures in case of an influx of refugees.
'Peaceful' revolution
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria, in a statement issued in London, said that opposition to Bashar al-Assad, the president, was peaceful, and accused authorities of looking for a pretext to justify more repression and killings.
"We assure international, Arab and national opinion that the Syrian revolution is both peaceful and countrywide," Brotherhood spokesman Zuheir Salem said.
"Comments by the interior minister about the presence of armed groups terrorising the population of Jisr al-Shughur are a pretext to justify greater repression and murders of innocent citizens," he said.
Jisr al-Shughur was a stronghold of the banned Muslim Brotherhood in the 1980s.
Seventy people were reported killed in the town in 1980 when it came under government shelling as Hafez al-Assad, the former president, cracked down on the group's armed rebellion.
Foreign journalists are barred from travelling around Syria, making it difficult to report on the unrest and verify government and eyewitness accounts of the violence.
Activists say about 1,100 people have been killed in Syria since anti-government protests began in March.
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
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Changing climate, unpredictable rains dry out the land, threaten the pastoral way of life in Somaliland.
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Tensions rise as Greeks from both side of the bailout debate take to the streets to withdraw money and express angst.
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The world's biggest producer and consumer of the metal sees a golden opportunity to expand its pricing power.
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Normalised Cuba-US relations could result in a hybrid economic model blending socialism and entrepreneurial spirit.
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War & Conflict, Middle East, Syria, Syrian crisis
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text:
VIEWS: 75 PAGES: 13 CATEGORY: Education POSTED ON: 1/5/2010 Public Domain
Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca The Costa Blanca Published by Search and Survey SL Search & Survey 1 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca The Costa Blanca Whilst all the unique differences which collectively go to make up Spain may not find universal attraction, most people become quickly endeared to a significant majority of them. This is particularly true on the Costa Blanca! Its official - the Costa Blanca is the most frequented Spanish Coast by the British with over 1.4 million visiting each year. This figure surpasses even the Costa del Sol by 100,000 Mountains, rivers, plains, miles of endless gold and silver beaches, blue skies and a climate which is envied by large parts of Spain and most of the world. It's also official, weather on the Costa Blanca is better than on any other Spanish coast. With near perfect temperatures and humidity, blue skies, warm seas and a total lack of extremes make this coast the premier destination for increasing amounts of expatriates and holidaymakers. When the relatively low cost of living (but rising quickly) is also taken into account you begin to understand the magic that is the Costa Blanca. With the long established Costa del Sol now groaning under the volume of concrete, which spreads almost without interruption from Malaga to Gibraltar, it's not surprising that many who favoured this coast are now turning their attention to an area of Spain where even in the peak holiday season, it is still possible to find deserted bays and beaches within a short distance of where you live or may be staying. But beaches are not everything, although the Costa Blanca has some of the very best, with the biggest stretching for as far as the eye can see. With its unique climate, described as being among the best in the World, this coast has something for everyone. As we approach the Costa Blanca from the North, we journey through the La Safor district, one of the most fertile areas in Valencia. In spring, the smell of the orange blossom never fails to create a lasting impression on those fortunate to experience it. Denia Denia can be described as an attractive city with parks and gardens full of typically Mediterranean plants. Flowers and tree lined avenues offer shade, during the hot summer months. The area surrounding the port, known as Baix-la-Mar, has shipyard buildings which date back to the late 16th century but the most interesting feature of this quarter is its layout which still conjures up images of the life of Mediterranean sailors of times long since gone. Denia is situated in the centre of the Valencia coastline - about 100 kilometres from both Valencia and Alicante. Denia Castle is the most interesting building in the city and has now been fully restored. The castle still has Moorish remains to be found on the east side. If you are interested in the Costa Blanca, you may know that it begins at the Denia coastline. Attractive, in a rugged, rocky way, Denia has two very different types of coastline: in the North, the beaches are flat and sandy but to the south, the foothills of the Montgo mountains extend down to the beach forming a rocky coast with numerous bays and coves. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 2 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca It is claimed that Denia was founded by the phocaens, who named it Hemeroskopeion, meaning "that which is seen in daytime". A temple built to the Goddess Diana once stood on the same land as that now occupied by Denia Castle. It is probable that this is the source of the name Denia. The castle is now a public park and also hosts the local archaeological museum. There are numerous other points of interest to be found in this ancient, attractive city. During the War of Independence, the French made the castle their stronghold, holding off the siege laid by Spanish soldiers for five months. Obviously made of "sterner stuff" than they are today. If you are contemplating a move to this area or a holiday, the wide sandy beaches are ideal for children and/or holidays. These beaches are found to the north of Denia among which the best are, Les Marines, Les Deveses, Les Bassetes, Les Bovetes, and Els Molins Bay. The only rocky beach to the north of Denia is La Almadraba, here the water is quite deep with the sea bed made up of rocks and pebbles. Local fisherman catch octopus and squid from this beach. Denia is somewhere you need visit yourself before being able to decide whether or not it was an area in which you would want either a holiday or retirement home. Steeped in history, the city and surrounding area has a lot to offer and many foreigners live there quite happily. It cannot be described as a particularly cheap part of the Costa Blanca or having an OTT infra structure. If you wish to live inland and buy a property to renovate, the North of the Costa Blanca may prove difficult in that land available in any quantities is being snapped up by builders for development. If your hope is to buy a farm type property you will have more success in the south of the Costa Blanca, Costa Calida and Costa de Almeria. Farm type properties are rarely near the coast for obvious reasons. Javea Javea lies at the foot of the Sierra del Montgo, 8 kilometres south of Denia. It is said to overlook one of the most beautiful bays of the Costa Blanca. It is the second largest municipality in the Alicante province, with an area of just over 68 square kilometres. The town is popular with holidaymaker's, particularly in the spring when the smell of orange blossom is constantly in the air. As with many other areas on the eastern Spanish coast, the centre of Javea was surrounded by fortifications as a protection against attacks from the Barbary Coast pirates. Today, a few stretches of these fortifications can still be seen. The old part of the town is made up of a labyrinth of narrow streets full of whitewashed houses, many dating back to the 17th and 18th century. Peculiar to Javea is that many of the older buildings have window and door frames which have been roughly carved from sandstone blocks. As with Denia, beaches in Javea consist of rocky stretches which border on cliffs jutting out over the sea or wide beaches with golden sands. Javea has 25 kilometres of coast with the following beaches: Playa del Tangó Playa Grava Playa Benisero Playa del Arenal La Caleta Playa la Barraca Playa de Ambolo (nudist) Playa la Granadilla Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 3 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Avoid the crowds. For those who like to be far from the madding crowd, Cape San Martin will appeal. Here you will find numerous bays and coves relatively deserted and even during the peak holiday seasons not too crowded. Property in Javea is quite expensive but if you have the money, some of the villa designs are quite spectacular and worth every penny you will spend. Unfortunately, at the moment there are problems with this area and these are mentioned below. If you are looking to purchase property in Javea or this part of the Northern Costa Blanca you need to be aware of the 1994 Urban Development Activity Act. This has been reported extensively in the UK media and is a method of forcing Spanish property owners to hand over their land at ludicrously low prices and/or contribute huge sums of money to the development of the area. At the time of writing, Javea is the area most affected. Moraira Traveling south from Javea will take you to Moraira, a picturesque town, popular with tourists and which has a small community of expatriate foreigners. Moraira was, for a long time little more than a fishing village. Only in the 70's did an increasing tourist presence produce an interest in the area by young people who came looking for work. An initial glance at Moraira shows this to be a picturesque Spanish town set in the area of a naturally beautiful bay, with the majority of buildings being low rise. It is strange that planners allowed the building of two, high-rise apartments blocks on top of the cliffs which have effectively spoiled the view from almost every angle. This has to be Spanish planning at its worst. The most popular among both tourists and residents is El Castillo. The Fine Golden sands which are always clean make swimming and a day on the beach a pleasure. From this beach there are always a variety of water sports available. When it comes to foreigners, Moraira is more an area for holidaymaker's than for permanent residence. However, as mentioned, there is a mixed community of foreign residents particularly around the suburbs of Moraira.If you are interested in this part of the Costa Blanca, when looking around you should follow the coast road from Calpe to Moraira, where flats and villas can be found built into terraced hillsides and which from on high, overlook rocky coves. Resale property from this area comes onto the market from time to time but whilst demand for property in the area is slowing, it is still strong enough to ensure that most sells quite quickly. Calpe Calpe is either a port or a country town, depending upon who you speak to. Both aspects predominate in one way or the other. Calpe is one of the most popular destinations for tourists on the Costa Blanca. The Spanish say Calpe is the town of foreign connoisseurs - the one chosen by them as their summer retreat. Without doubt, it has a lot to offer, occupying as it does, a privileged enclave beside the blue waters of the Mediterranean, where rugged, natural beauty is part of the everyday scene. The Peñon de Ifach (sometimes known as the symbol of the Costa Blanca) is a huge rock dominating the coastline and resembles a smaller rock of Gibraltar. It is prominent from most every angle when approaching the town. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 4 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Calpe is a well known summer tourist resort. It is popular and home to a number of expatriates from Germany and Britain alike and also has a smattering from the Republic of Ireland. Expats complain that tourism adds to the cost of living. Very much aware of the tourist, in Calpe there are a variety of things to do and places to go. From parascending to climbing mountains - jeep adventures to Safari parks, Calpe has much to offer. If you wish to be a little more leisurely then there are caves to explore as well as many more places of interests. Calpe is a town of contrasts, where modern buildings and wide avenues blend, whether intentionally or by chance, with an ancient fishing village. Locals are proud of their past, but as with so many other towns on the Costa Blanca, welcome tourists and visitors with warm hearted hospitality because they are their future. Calpe continues to develop at a pace, however whilst new building projects are completed so too are the many gardens and attractive parks which are a credit to the enterprising mayor and the council. Calpe has two long beautiful sandy beaches, probably the best beaches of all the Costa Blanca resorts, they are kept impeccably clean. It's a good place to live. Altea Altea is similar to other Costa Blanca towns in that it has a new and an old part. The old section is perched on top of a hill from which there really are spectacular views. The ascent to the old section along steep slopes and stepped streets reveals a broad horizon at every turn and extends along the entire La Marina region: the silhouette of the Peñon de Ifach on one side and the Helade range on the other, frame the view of the sea, with the ever present gulls sweeping low over the town. The towns name was derived from the Arabs who named it Althaya, meaning health to all. If you are thinking of this part of the Costa Blanca to purchase a holiday home then you should explore a little of the surrounding area. Start by heading inland where you will see the attractive Bernia range, which runs perpendicular to the coast and very close the village. The old and new parts of the town are clearly divided into separate parts with the old part high on the hill and the easily accessed lower part providing holidaymakers with the usual bars, restaurants and shops and a recently inaugurated esplanade. If you have difficulty with mobility, or require the use of a wheelchair, then Altea may not be appropriate for you in that streets are so steep that it has been necessary for steps to be cut into them. Even the fit claim that Altea on a hot day can prove a character builder! Eight kilometers from Altea, heading inland, is Polop, a small town surrounded by orchards and pine groves, which is highly recommended for those who seek peace, quiet and cool summer nights. From the Via Crucis which presides over the town, you can obtain superb views of the surrounding valleys, which owe their present appearance to the work of the Morisco farmers many years ago. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 5 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Altea is a pretty town. Popular with both holidaymakers and those who are fortunate enough to be able to live in the area. It has a slowly growing community of multinational expatriates. It goes without saying that the town does not suite everyone but in the main if you are free from financial pressure - looking for a part of Spain in which to retire, then Altea may be worth a look. Benidorm Benidorm. The name is known to almost everyone in the UK and ROI and many have visited it at some time or other, or know someone who has. Sadly, this historic Spanish town is today associated with drunkenness and bad behaviour from a variety of different nationalities. However, as this seems to be the norm for the town, there can't be too many who object. In fact, the writer is more than aware that there are tens of thousands of people both holiday maker's and residents alike for whom Benidorm has a special magic. It was the start of the package holiday some 40 years ago which focused the attention of the British on Torremolinos on the Costa del Sol and Benidorm on the Costa Blanca. Crowds of tourists began to flock to both coasts, attracted by climate and the long white sandy beaches stretching along the Mediterranean coast. On the Costa Blanca, the quiet fishing village of Benidorm quickly became an important tourist resort. The old city with its narrow streets huddles atop a rock tongue, the "Balcon del Mediterranea", dividing what would be a 10km long beach into two 5-km-long stretches. Benidorm is famous for its huge (and these really are big) sandy beaches which run from one end of the town to the other. These beaches are claimed to be among the finest in Europe. Benidorm enjoys all the advantages of the Costa Blanca climate but due to its particular position, it also benefits from its own micro-climate. Facing the sea, Benidorm is protected from the north winds by the surrounding mountains of the coast. The average daily temperature is 23 degrees Centigrade or 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Sea temperatures average 20 degrees and the average relative humidity floats between 50 - 70 per cent. With its huge hotels, Benidorm is able to exploit its climatic conditions to the full and is popular with both national and international tourists. During the winter months, Benidorm hotels offer incredibly low rates and many pensioners from the UK and other EU states find it cheaper to live there than at home in their own country. This activity has resulted in Benidorm being accused of factory farming pensioners! Contrary to belief, Benidorm does not have its own airport, using instead Alicante which is just one hour away. Like Benidorm or not, many expatriates have chosen to make it their home, opting for a permanent holiday environment, enjoying the hustle and bustle of a vibrant, somewhat noisy and constantly changing population. However, there are areas of Benidorm which are exclusive and where a relatively modest property sells for well over £500,000. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 6 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Villjoyosa Villjoyosa or Villa Joiosa in Valencian, simply means joyful town. This very popular Costa Blanca City is situated at the mouth of the River Sella and is the main town of the La Marina region. Locals say that it is close enough to Benidorm whilst being far enough away! In fact it is only 10 kilometres to Benidorm and the route is filled with olive, carob and almond tree, as well as a number of palms, pines and prickly pears. Whilst the area once had a considerable number of vines, these have now largely been replaced by tomato plantations. As with many of the east coast towns, Villajoyosa suffered from attacks by the Barbary Coast Pirates. According to legend and possibly a little history, on the 29th of July 1538 36 boats carrying Algerians arrived to ransack the town but the inhabitants were able to fight them off thanks to the intercession of Saint Martha. Since that day, she has been the towns Patron Saint and the fact commemorated with regular re-enactment of the landing of the Moors. Alphons Xlll granted city status to Villajoyosa in 1911. As well as tourism, Villajoyosa is the home of fishermen and chocolate-makers, a strange combination but both of which are deeply rooted in the City's history. The original and older part of town has been declared an historic monument. There are still various bridges remaining from the time of the Romans. Villajoyosa's church is a Gothic building with renaissance doorways, although these have been somewhat changed by Neo-classical alterations carried out in the 18th century. If history does not interest you then the beaches certainly will. The nearest beach to the city centre is the Playa de la Vila and slightly further can be found Paraiso. Both are excellent with little to choose between them. A little further and you will find the Torre and Estudiantes Beaches. Whilst made up of pebbles, these are relatively small and smooth and cause no discomfort when being walked upon. As with so many pebble beaches, the water which laps against them is crystal clear. Villajoyosa is popular with nationals from all parts of the European Union and other countries of the World as well. It is well represented with a healthy British and Irish expatriate population, some of whom have moved north from the Costa del Sol because of the lower property prices and what they perceive as a better, if not as hot, climate. Campello Campello is another picturesque village with a sheltered bay and whose inhabitants formerly worked in the fishing and salt industries. Today, as with so many other Spanish towns and villages, tourism has become the mainstay of its economy. This is not at all surprising. The village is surrounded by superb beaches, among which can be found La Isleta and Muchavista the latter being a large cove lying between two rocky headlands. There are enough expatriates of different nationalities living in the area to justify the presence of a modern, well equipped marina but the bulk of foreigners arrive as tourists during the summer months. Needs are catered for by a variety of well stocked shops, different types of restaurants, cafes and the usual bars. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 7 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Campello, whilst a relatively small town is by no means isolated. Head south for a few short minutes and you are in the Regions capital of Alicante. A few minutes inland will bring you to Jijona. This little town set on a small hill, grew up in the shadow of a medieval castle, of which little remains to be seen. If you are a weight watcher, don't dawdle in Jijona because whilst it is an important farming area, its main commercial activity is the production of turron, for which it is famous. Turron is a sweet of Moorish origin whose basic ingredients are almonds and sugar and/or orange blossom honey. Some of the factories in the town were founded in the 18th century and welcome visitors. Campello is a charming Spanish village. If you want to get away from it all, this is as good a place to start as any. Learning Spanish would add to your enjoyment of the area which in relation to those with large expatriate communities is really very different. Alicante Alicante. Capital of the province whose name it bears, this modern European city with its wonderful climate has everything a holidaymaker or resident could possibly want. Often described as a typically Mediterranean city, Alicante is a pleasure to visit - day or night. International stores, large shopping centres, modern hotels, commerce and of course, the usual superb beaches Alicante is everyone's favourite city and with good reason. Expatriates from surrounding areas regularly visit the city whenever they have specific shopping needs.The city overlooks the sea and in winter it's quite usual to find people sat on many of its terraces relaxing or dreaming in the sun or in summer, making use of the shade provided by the many hundreds of palm trees which are everywhere. Alicante dates back to the Carthaginians and is said to have been founded by Hamicar. The Greeks called it Akra Leuka which means White Rock. Not because of the mountains but the colour of the soil - something for gardeners to bear in mind! The Romans later changed its name to Lucentum - city of light and it became one of the most active ports of the time. Running the entire length of the sea-front is the Explanada de Espana. This is a promenade lined with palms and with a unique pavement which must rank as one of the largest mosaics anywhere. Right along the promenade are cafes, bars, and restaurants which unlike so many other Spanish towns, blend tastefully into the background scenery. If you are a boat person, then Alicante will be of interest to you. It has a very large, well supported marina offering a full range of marine services. Many people enjoy an evening out at the marina, dining in one of the many excellent restaurants which overlook the moorings and simply watching the boats bobbing around. When it comes to buying property in Alicante, there is considerable pressure on that which is available. For holidaymakers, being so close to the airport is an almost perfect location for a holiday home. Businessmen with a need to visit the UK or their home country are also aware of this point. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 8 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Prices of property in this city are typical of that found in capitals and whilst nowhere near as expensive as Madrid or London, better prices can be found by living on the outskirts of the city or a few kilometers away. Alicante and all it offers is still available but at a better price. Santa Pola Santa Pola is 18 kilometers south of Alicante and 13 kilometres from Alicante airport. It has several major construction developments in progress and is popular with owners of both holiday homes and residents. Previously, the town belonged to Elche and has been its port and trading centre since Roman times. It is an interesting little town, dotted with watchtowers dating back to the 15th century, erected to warn against the approach of Barbary pirates. Santa Pola is built on the shores of a large bay and as such, it's not surprising that fishing has always been of great importance to the town. In the waters surrounding the bay can be found Red Mullet, prawns and many other types of fish making the towns fishermen the primary suppliers to the best restaurants both on the coast and inland. But the clear blue waters are not only for fish. With several beautiful beaches, Santa Pola, Lissa, Pinet and Marina, holiday makers and residents alike spend considerable time on the golden sands sunbathing and then swimming to cool off. Off the coast, you have an island known as Isla de Nueva Tarbarca. This is a flat strip of land, barely out of the water but which attracts numerous tourists. To go there you need to take a boat from Torrevieja, Alicante or Guardamar. A round trip (including time on the island) takes about 8 hours and cost around 20€, One thing which has been noticed by many who visit Santa Pola is the difficulty driving in town, which is quite congested for much of the time. The standard of new building in Santa Pola is very high, with the "main players! in building development fully represented. There is however one company erecting prefabricated buildings whose prices may not be the bargain they appear to be. Santa Pola's proximity to the airport and Alicante make it particularly popular with those who intend to receive regular visitors or who wish to visit the UK regularly. Guardamar del Sergura Guardamar del Sergura stands at the mouth of the river Segura and is surrounded by pine, palm and eucalyptus trees all of which were planted to prevent erosion of one of Spain's finest beaches. Both the Guardamar and Pineda beaches are composed of the finest white sand and the smell of the pine trees which surrounds them makes for an unforgettable experience. The beaches run for as far as the eye can see and are so large that even in peak season, there are days when they seem almost deserted. Swept during the season on a daily plus basis, the Guardamar beach is possibly one of the best manicured in all Spain. Pressure for property on the beach side of the Guaramar road is constant. Unfortunately, the area has been almost fully developed and virtually no land for building remains. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 9 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca This difficulty is compounded by the fact that there are several large parks and areas where building is prohibited. Guardamar is centrally positioned and well placed for either a holiday home or for permanent retirement should the right property be available in the case of the latter. Not far from Torrevieja or Alicante and only 30 minutes from the airport, Guardamar is well served with shops supplying everything necessary for comfortable living. There are the usual restaurants, bars, cafes etc. and for the young, a water park and miniature fairground is not too far away. On Sundays you can visit the Guardamar open market where you will find everything under the sun. Be prepared to haggle if you really want a bargain and carefully check the quality of anything you may buy. Guardamar is also an important fishing centre and the area abounds with first class fish restaurants, many of which serve the Spiney Lobster as their specialty. If the beach is important to you then head for Guardamar. Unfortunately, most front line properties have long since been sold and building has now slowed simply because there is no land left upon which to build. Notwithstanding this there are urbanisations close by offering a choice of properties to order and which remarkably, are still affordable! Torrevieja Torrevieja. This town is probably one of the most sought after by British people wishing to buy either a holiday or retirement home. Reasons for this are not apparent! In Roman times, Torrevieja was well-known for its outstanding sea port, the remains of which can still be seen in La Mata, called the Embarcadero Romano, or Roman docks. Along the coast are the ancient watchtowers called El Moro and La Mata, which were used in the middle ages, to warn the coastal inhabitants of attacks by Barbary pirates. Spain is famous for its street markets and Torrevieja claims to have the biggest. Here you will find everything from fresh produce, clothing and shoes, watches, binoculars and just about everything you could imagine. However, if you are looking for a real bargain, be prepared to haggle for everything. Torrevieja is famous for its salt, being the largest salt producing area in Europe. Vast lakes are used to evaporate sea water so the salt may be reclaimed. The most characteristic feature of local craftsmanship are the models of the boats used to transport salt in the marshes. Boat builders take their creations to the edge of the salt flats, where they are left to collect the bright glaze of the local salt, before being offered for sale as souvenirs. It is claimed that visitors can take a tour of this fascinating process but the only time the writer tried, no one knew what he was talking about! Still, you can bathe in the waters of the lagoon, which it is claimed have curative properties and are especially recommended for heart troubles, rheumatism, flatulence and respiratory ailments! Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 10 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca One thing which does endear Torrevieja and its surrounding areas to many is the lack of hotels which ensures that it suffers none of the problems associated with the package holiday market. Drunkenness, fighting in the streets and similar conduct is rare in Torrevieja and the town remains safe and orderly throughout the year, making it a much sought after favourite for families and their children. Although recently there have been reports of an increase in crime in the area attributed mainly to the number of illegal immigrants arriving from North Africa and other parts of the world. Such are the facilities in Torrevieja that many Spaniards choose the town for their own holidays. With its very own special atmosphere and everything you need right on the doorstep, Torrevieja continues to grow rapidly in popularity as the place to be among property owning foreigners. Spaniards claim that Torrevieja is a holiday town for foreign residents! For those who choose to live in Torrevieja there is good news. The town enjoys an excellent municipal bus service, the quality of which really does mean that you can leave your car at home and not have to worry about parking problems. Operating regularly from most, if not all urbanisation's, there are regular bus services running to and from town, all the man beaches and of course the many markets. Further, for the Torrevieja resident, the service is absolutely free but only if he has registered his presence at the town hall. Torrevieja has several areas where the properties are mainly owned by expatriates. Many people like living among their fellow countrymen and find comfort and security in doing so. For others, nothing could be worse and they believe that expats are creatures best avoided at all cost. Yet others wish to live near enough to an expatriate community to be able to benefit from the services available to it but be far enough away so as never to be involved Such is the way in which Torrevieja has developed; it is possible to position yourself virtually wherever you want to in regard to your own countrymen. It is possible to live among them, away from them or not know of their existence. You simply need to decide what it is that you want and where it is that you wish to live. Another point which no doubt has bearing on Torrevieja's popularity is the presence of a brand new international private hospital. Further, in 2003, the State is building a 265 individual bedroom state hospital which it claims will co-operate fully with the private hospital for the benefits of both sets of patients. With so many foreigners moving into the Torrevieja area, schools have become quite adept at dealing with foreign school children - the importance of which is not lost on many parents looking to move to Spain. Not really a favourite of the writer, Torrevieja is nonetheless popular with thousands of foreigners from various countries. However, there are many areas surrounding the town which have a lot to offer and are worth considering for the holiday home buyer or potential resident alike. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 11 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Orihuela The southernmost beaches of the Costa Blanca are those of the municipality of Orihuela This has about 15 km of predominantly rocky coastline, dotted with little silver sand beaches. On the playa Orihuela the sand is unbelievably fine, similar to that which would be found in an hour glass. These beaches have made the surrounding areas popular and property in the urbanisation's named after them is quite sought after. The areas we'll cover here are La Zenia, Carbo Roig and Campoamor. Carbo Roig Carbo Roig is a busy town with broad avenues lined with palms and landscaped gardens with views of the Mediterranean to both the La Manga peninsula and the Mar Menor. Beaches are nice, being silver sand, quite small and intimate. The town is very popular with both residents and holidaymaker's alike and has a full range of amenities and useful facilities for both types of people. The town has a variety of bars and some really good restaurants and access to the new toll motorway is to the west of the town. The location of this motorway which has been built into a cut so as to minimise noise should be bourne in mind by those contemplating buying property in this area. At the moment, noise is not a consideration but eventually as traffic builds this will not be the case. Some of the newer properties are being built very close to the motorway which is not apparent and it is unlikely that many, if any selling property will draw this to your attention. La Zenia La Zenia is one of the most built up areas on the Costa Blanca. It is also one of the few areas south of Alicante which has a hotel, making it popular with holiday maker's. It has two very pleasant silver sand beaches and the requisite amount of bars and restaurants so as to be able to cater effectively for residents and tourist alike La Zenia is relatively close to three major golf courses and also very close to the beaches making it a sought after area for a variety of people - holidaymaker's and residents alike. A vast amount of property at all prices exists but building in the area is coming to a close as available land is finally used up. Money transfer guide Cheap flights Maps of Spain Teach English UK TV in Spain Hotel Bookings Linguaphone Spanish Rosetta Stone Rocket Spanish Cheap Rentacar Search & Survey 12 Experts in Spanish Property The Smart way to buy Property in Spain Search and Survey SL – Free information service The Costa Blanca Campoamore Without doubt, one of the most versatile areas on the Costa Blanca is Campoamore. Beaches, golf courses, busy during the season and peaceful out of it, this is an area very popular with resident and visitor alike. Every type of property is available, from high rise apartments to exclusive villas at eye watering prices and everything in between. La Zenia, Carbo Roig and Campoamor are all popular areas but different in their own way. All are well served with those things required by the holidaymaker whilst simultaneous providing good facilities for those who wish to make these areas their permanent home. Other Articles in this series. Moving to Spain Motoring Employment in Banking & Schools Spain Financial Cost of Living Motor cycles Buying a business Taxes in Spain Private Schools Mopeds Climate Motor Insurance Forming a company Money Transfers Spanish Schools Books on Spain Vehicle Part time or full time Offshore banking Teaching English Registration History of Spain Foreign cars Finding work Mortgages Learning Spanish Costa Blanca Health care Spanish Utilities Legal System Spanish Property Denia to Javea Social Security Telephones The Notary Resale Property Javea to Moraia Spanish Doctors Water Inheritance tax New Property Moraira to Calpe Private Medicine Electricity in Spain Power of attorney Renting Property Calpe to Benidorm Medical Insurance Gas supplies Urban development Finca's Search and Survey SL is a fee-based service providing property searches, conveyancing, local authority searches, structural surveys and valuations. 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I don't think you are expecting too much from film. It is a very capable medium, but a different animal from digital photography, and different again from scanning and ink-jet printing. This is especially true of consumer-level technology that does the "thinking" for you. It's "thinking" is engineered to a very generic standard that the creators feel will satisfy the most people for the most usual tasks. When I was last using a darkroom I spent a lot of time learning how to get prints that I was satisfied with. I don't have that kind of patience with scanners/printers, and I work in IT. When I scan, I just settle for something that is sufficient to get the point across.
On a more technical note, (and perhaps forbidden, but I'm just commenting on your post) you may want to calibrate your factory-calibrated monitor. It's a good monitor, but if you are going to scan and print, all devices should be calibrated to the same "standard." Factory-calibrated basically means they chose a standard configuration and made sure all the monitors meet that standard before heading out. It is probably set to look best for movies or games.
You probably won't require that level of accuracy, but it might be a fun way to kill some time when you are bored, and you could eventually equate the experience to wet-printing when you get there (step wedges, color charts, etc.).
As far as wet-printing, if you develop some 120 you can try contact printing it. You could do the same with 35mm, but it would be difficult to appreciate images so tiny.
You would not really need much more in the way of equipment, just a light-tight room, some trays, and a few extra chemicals. Technically, you could use the daylight film tanks to do small paper prints. Getting the exposure right with a bare bulb would be difficult, though, but can be done.
I think the most important part is learning and having fun.


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I agree that if the Dems want to win in 2004, they have to lay out a principled and pragmatic alternative to Bush's failed national security policies. But it's crazy to argue, as Democratic party strategists Donna Brazile and Timothy Bergreen did in a recent Wall Street Journal op-ed, "What Would Scoop Do? [1]" that we "need to return to the muscular national security principles" exemplified by Henry "Scoop" Jackson [2], the conservative Democratic Senator who represented Washington State from 1940-1982.
Why should Dems take their lead from a former Senator whom bellicose neocons like Richard Perle [3], Elliot Abrams [4] and Douglas Feith consider their intellectual godfather?
Before mindlessly invoking Scoop Jackson as a model, consider what the late (and great) journalist Lars Erik-Nelson [5] wrote about this hawkish ideologue in late 2000 for The New York Review of Books:
"Time and again in his career, Jackson made charges or issued demands that put America's defense capacities, falsely, in the worst possible light. At best, his exaggerations can be considered white lies intended to rouse complacent Americans to meet what he believed to be a mortal danger; at worst, he bullied his opponents and impugned their integrity, if not their patriotism...To his conservative admirers, almost all of them Republicans, Jackson was a prophet without honor in his own party...But consider Eisenhower's quite different view. There was no reason for Eisenhower to decry a military-industrial-congressional complex [6] that was, in good faith, identifying genuine threats to the United States and devising necessary weapons to counter them, even at high cost. What Eisenhower denounced was a cabal [he considered Jackson a key member of this group] that knowingly magnified threats, relentlessly promoted worst-case scenarios, deliberately belittled the military might of the United States, and defamed opponents to promote spending on weapons that were costly and unneeded.The world and its threats may be changing, but the military-industrial-congressional complex remains with us, warning of perils that it must know in its heart are exaggerated. In the method of hyperbolic, ever-shifting, disingenuous, worst-case argument, Jackson lives."
The neocons have learned well from Jackson. Like their mentor, they've created a cabal inside the Administration, which magnifies threats and defames opponents. So why should Dems emulate a man whose polices contributed to the failed national security polices of today?
The Dems would be wise to forget "Scoop" and instead pay attention to the words of Ted Sorensen, former speechwriter to another muscular Democrat-- President John Kennedy. In a recent commencement address [7] at American University, Sorensen lamented that:
"Both political parties now compete to sound more hawkish, to criticize as naive or even unpatriotic those who favor peaceful world cooperation. The long uneasiness with bloodletting and battle that followed Vietnam has been replaced by a new infatuation for war, a preference for invasion over persuasion." Comparable political courage is needed now, Sorensen said, "to reverse course, in JFK's phrase, away from a strategy of annihilation and back toward a strategy of peace...The US would still be a world leader, necessarily, with its preponderance of wealth and might; we would still defend our principles, security and basic interests, but we would be a leader in diplomacy, not warfare; in humanitarian operations, not military."
Listen to Ted. Dump Scoop!


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Congratulations on your acceptance to UNA! To enhance your beginning experience, we offer Student Orientation, Advisement, and Registration (SOAR). SOAR allows you to learn about the University services, resources, and involvement opportunities. You will also participate in academic advising and pre-register for classes. Information will be provided on items such as financial aid, parking decals, meal plans, housing, tuition and more. New students must sign up for an orientation session.
New Student Advising and Registration (Students accepted for Summer)
Freshman Orientation
Transfer Orientation
Family Orientation


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North Carolina's International City™
Greensboro-High Point MSA earns #1 national ranking
High Point's economic development successes
impressively contribute to that accolade
| High Point EDC's Sandy Dunbeck named
North Carolina's "Economic Developer of the Year"
High Point USA is a thriving city of more than 110,600 residents, located alongside Greensboro and Winston-Salem in the Piedmont Triad region of North Carolina — the nation's 37th largest metro area with a population exceeding 1.6 million.
High Point is a "gig" community — having Internet connections that are amazingly fast, up to 1 gigabit per second.
To learn more about High Point's economic development successes, diverse industry sectors, attributes, and accolades, please see:
Please contact the High Point Economic Development Corporation for assistance on relocating to or expanding your business in the City of High Point.


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Product Information
Independence composed by Timothy Swan - Digital Sheet Music
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Independence digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
* This product is available worldwide
Arrangement Details
The Arrangement Details Tab gives you detailed information about this particular arrangement of Independence - not necessarily the song.
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Home » Stew » Meat Stew » Lamb Stew » Lamb Barley Stew » Superquick Lamb And Barley Stew
Superquick Lamb And Barley Stew
24 Sep 2009
|2 Tablespoon
|2 , chopped
|Celery stalks
|2 Large, chopped
|1 , chopped
|3 Clove (15 gm), chopped
|Pearl barley
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (Rinsed)
|Canned beef broth
|4 Cup (64 tbs)
|Cooked lamb
|3 Cup (48 tbs), cut into 1/2 inch pieces
Melt butter in heavy Dutch oven over medium high heat.
Add carrots, celery, onion and garlic; saute until beginning to soften, about 8 minutes.
Add barley; stir until coated, about 2 minutes.
Add broth and simmer until barley is ten der, about 45 minutes.
Add lamb and heat through.
Rate It
0 Comments
Superquick Lamb And Barley Stew Recipe


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|This document may not represent best practices for current development, links to downloads and other resources may no longer be valid. Current recommended version can be found here.
Compiler Warning (level 1) C4117
Visual Studio 2008
macro name 'name' is reserved; 'Command' ignored
To fix by checking the following possible causes
Trying to define or undefine a predefined macro.
Trying to define or undefine the preprocessor operator defined.
The following sample generates C4117:
// C4117.cpp // compile with: /W1 #define __FILE__ test // C4117. __FILE__ is a predefined macro #define ValidMacroName test // ok int main() { }


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LAS VEGAS (KSNV & MyNews3) -- An Amber Alert has been issued for a missing 2-year-old California boy.
California Highway Patrol says they're looking for a 2-year-old Edwin Vargas allegedly kidnapped by his father, Abraham Vargas, 27.
A 2004 Nissan Quest related to this Amber Alert has been located but it was abandoned.
The CHP is not sure where they may be or where they are headed, but the alert is for the region and they are asking if anyone has seen this boy, or the boy's father, to call 9-1-1 or call the Los Angeles Police Department at (323) 342-4185.
Updated: 6/29/2015 6:26:00 PM
Updated: 7/5/2015 3:52:39 PM
Updated: 7/3/2015 9:10:47 PM
Updated: 7/5/2015 2:42:10 PM


text: My husband and I were visiting my mother that lives in Ashford, and my daughter in law in Canterbury. She recommended that we stay at the Inn. Absolutely fabulous! The food was incredible! Unique, full of flavor and certainly made with love! Breakfast was the usual continental, but one of the staff brought out some hot food and offered scrambled... More


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Champion in Western dressage, Top 10 at the Grand National in Junior western pleasure, successfully shown and trail ridden by novice adults as well as…$8,900
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Incredible moving 2 year old Percheron/TB gelding, 16hh and growing! Xavier is one of the most laid back horses I've ever owned. WTC, jumps(very low),…SOLD
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Hannah is a wonderful horse looking for a home. She has had a year of dressage and jumping Spent a month away for natural horsmanship training. She has…SOLD


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Well, after all that, the triathlon was reduced to a 5k. Womp womp.
Here's a full recap of the
triathlon duathlon run:
As you might know, I had my future sister-in-law's bachelorette this weekend as well as my first tri of the season (second ever!) I was a little stressed on Friday attempting to pack for both and unsure of what I got myself into. 871 more words


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(PRWEB) July 25, 2013
Nutbush Ltd. in collaboration with Richard Bartholomew announce the recent launch of Unleashme, an innovative self-affirmation app available free for both iPhone and Android.
The Unleashme mobile app, categorized under health and fitness in the App Store and Google Play, can be used for goals related to weight loss, quitting addictions, sports success, wealth building, loving relationships, sexual attraction, and perfect body and health.
In sharing the purpose behind the Unleashme app, company spokesperson Richard Bartholomew states, "Unleashme contains the secret to releasing your inner power and creating the life you deserve. Listening to your own voice makes this superior to other apps featuring pre-recorded affirmations, which can limit you in what you want to achieve."
The app's slick design and simple interface ensure its ease of use:
Unleashme is the first mobile app to enable self-recorded affirmations, played back over meditative tracks that promote visualization. There are 10 different tracks to choose from among five categories: material, healing, abstract, sexual and love manifestations. The soundtracks use bilateral and binaural beats in order to reach the right state of mind. This form of brain entrainment opens neural pathways, therefore allowing users to be in control of their journ
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


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Free Email Newsletter
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In Other Words..."I don't know what your destiny will be, but one thing I do know: The only ones among you who will be really happy are those who have sought and found how to serve."- Albert Schweitzer
Podcast 53: Courtly Love – How Chivalry And Romance Got TogetherPosted on September 12, 2011 | No Commentshttp://media.blubrry.com/chivalry/p/chivalrytoday.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/powerpress/Chivalry-Podcast-53-20110912.mp3 Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS In the first episode of the sixth season of the podcast, Scott speaks with Prof. Jennifer […]
Summer Of Chivalry Podcast: Part 2Posted on July 26, 2011 | 1 Commenthttp://media.blubrry.com/chivalry/p/chivalrytoday.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/powerpress/Chivalry-Podcast-Summer-20110726.mp3 Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS The Summer Of Chivalry Podcast concludes with Part 2, as host Scott Farrell speaks with Prof. […]
Saddle Up With Shakespeare's KnightsPosted on July 20, 2011 | No CommentsOur presentation on Shakespeare's knights raised questions: Could a knight in armor "vault into his seat"? Didn't a knight need a winch or a crane to lift him into the saddle?
School History Festival & Chivalry TodayPosted on July 15, 2011 | No CommentsChivalry Today can bring an engaging Medieval Festival Day to your school campus for a fraction of the cost of a field trip. This is a great way to bring your studies in world history, English literature, or Shakespearean performing arts to life.
Summer of Chivalry Podcast: Part 1Posted on June 15, 2011 | No CommentsScott speaks with Jared Kirby, president and organizer of the First Annual CombatCon - a gathering of Medieval and Renaissance martial arts enthusiasts which kicks off a variety of great summertime events.
Chivalry Today: You Made This Possible!Posted on June 2, 2011 | No CommentsChivalry Today's donors have made it possible for the program to provide several displays, lectures, and interpretive activities to area low-income schools. These pictures are our way of saying thanks to the contributors who've helped make this possible.
The Captain Has Turned The Chivalry Sign On: A Summer Of Chivalry ArticlePosted on June 2, 2011 | No CommentsAir travelers are in unfamiliar surroundings, tired and rushed, focused on themselves and their own needs, and oblivious to the hundreds of (similarly stressed) people all around them. What better place to exert a little ... chivalry?
Chivalry Days Are A Medieval Hit!Posted on May 17, 2011 | No CommentsBring the Renaissance Fair to your campus with Chivalry Today's Medieval Day Out. Check out our slide show with this year's highlights to see some of the things we can offer your school, camp, library, or educational group.
Podcast 50: A Dueling View Of ChivalryPosted on April 26, 2011 | 1 Commenthttp://media.blubrry.com/chivalry/p/www.ChivalryToday.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/powerpress/Chivalry-Podcast-50-20110426.mp3 Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS Scott examines chivalry's place in the world of medieval fighting manuals and poleaxe dueling as he […]
Chivalry On SteroidsPosted on April 14, 2011 | No CommentsAlthough the stereotypical image of the medieval world is one of filth, plagues, ignorance, barbarian hordes, and witch burning, the Middle Ages was also a period of growth, discovery and advancement.


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A simple http server for node with autoindexing and lazy module loading.
A simple http server for node.
This is a rough draft, really rough. I believe I've got autoindexing working properly. I've also put in some redirection logic so that the current URL will always end with either a file name or trailing slash. This is to ensure that relative links will work in the autoindex pages.
The web root is the folder containing your node_modules folder. This server automatically finds index.html if given a directory. This server uses the mime module to automatically serve files with the proper content type. See the documentation on the mime module for instructions on adding custom mime types.
Set up a node project with the simplest structure possible:
myProjectFolder | ____node_modules | | | ____atropa_server | |___index.html | ____myNode.js
Then in index.html put whatever html content you want.
In myNode.js do:
var atropaServer = require('atropa-server');// starting the server on port 9999atropaServer.start(9999);
After that run
node myNode.js and open a web browser to
http://localhost:9999 and whatever content you've put into index.html will
magically appear!


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Senior camogie club glory for Oulart-The Ballagh
Oulart-The Ballagh returned to the top of the club camogie tree with a convincing victory in the AIB All-Ireland senior club final at Croke Park.
Oulart-The Ballagh returned to the top of the club camogie tree with a convincing victory in the AIB All-Ireland senior club final at Croke Park.
Oulart-The Ballagh senior camogie captain Karen Atkinson says lining out in an All-Ireland club final is a much different experience than an inter-county decider.
Oulart-The Ballagh endured a straightforward passage to the AIB All-Ireland senior club camogie final at Croke Park on 1 March, beating Loughgiel Shamrocks by 10 points in the semi-final at Inniskeen.
The postponed AIB All-Ireland Senior Camogie Club Championship semi-final between Oulart the Ballagh of Wexford and Loughgiel of Antrim has been re-scheduled to take place on Sunday, 8 February.
Milford's long unbeaten run in the AIB All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was brought to an end in by Mullagh, who left MacDonagh Park in Nenagh with a 2-5 to 0-9 victory, and a place in the All-Ireland final.
The AIB All-Ireland senior club semi-final between Loughgiel Shamrocks & Oulart-the-Ballagh which was scheduled to take place on Sunday next in Castleblayney has been postponed due to an unplayable pitch
Mullagh of Galway take on reigning champions Milford in the first of the AIB All-Ireland camogie club semi-finals but the weather has put pay to the meeting of Wexford's Oulart-The-Ballagh and Loughgiel Shamrocks of Antrim.
All Ireland champions Cork and finalists Kilkenny dominate the Camogie All Stars shortlist of 45 players.
Marty Morrissey previews Sunday's senior final between Cork and Kilkenny
Down produced a blistering final quarter to beat Laois and win their fourth All-Ireland Premier Junior camogie title at Croke Park, 1-12 to 1-08.
RTÉ analyst Cyril Farrell believes now is the time for female officials to oversee key inter-county games in camogie.
Cork forward Jennifer O'Leary paid tribute to the efforts put in by the squad and management in securing victory over Kilkenny in the All-Ireland senior camogie final.
View a selection of images from the weekend's Gaelic games action, including the All-Ireland camogie finals at Croke Park.
Kilkenny face Cork in the senior camogie All-Ireland final aiming to win their first title in 20 years, and the intermediate and junior crowns are also up for grabs at Croke Park.
Camogie President Aillen Lawlor is urging people to come out and support the All-Ireland finals at Croke Park
Aileen Lawlor, President of the Camogie Association, is urging people to go and experience the atmosphere of All-Ireland finals day at Croke Park.
Joanne O'Callaghan says Cork are bracing themselves for their biggest challenge of the season when they tackle Kilkenny in the All-Ireland camogie final.
Kilkenny beat Galway 4-12 to 3-07 in the All-Ireland Senior Camogie semi-final at the Gaelic Grounds.
Cork and Wexford must meet again after drawing their All-Ireland Senior Camogie semi-final 1-09 apiece at Semple Stadium.
It's down to the last four in the Camogie senior championship, with a repeat of last year's final between Galway and Kilkenny and the meeting of bluebloods Cork and Wexford.


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Upcoming Events › Food Drive
Events List Navigation
July 2015+ Export Listed Events
2015 Boise Blues Festival
Get ready for the 2015 Boise Blues Festival, proudly presented by the Boise Blues Society. It's happening on Sunday, July 19, from noon to 6pm in Julia Davis Park. This is the 22nd year of live blues music in the park, and each year the event gets bigger and better! Admission is three cans of food for The Idaho Foodbank. The 2014 festival was attended by 1000-plus blues fans and raised OVER THREE TONS of food for The Idaho Foodbank. This year's…Find out more »


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Classic LINEN White Pearl (80T/Linen) - A2 Envelopes (4.375-x-5.75) - 1000 PK
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Mill Code: 7605000
WHITE PEARL Classic LINEN Envelopes
Envelopes converted from Linen Papers. CLASSIC Linen is a subtle, two-sided linen finish which proudly presents its superb quality and texture like finely woven cloth. These sensational papers and envelopes are ideal for daily and exclusive designs. When working towards the perfect creation, Neenah Classic Linen is sure to satisfy the design appetite of any project.
Side seams / Square flap
(A2/5.5-BAR) 111x146 Millimeters
Brand: Neenah Classic Linen
Product: Envelopes
Color: White Pearl
Size: A2 (4-3/8-x-5-3/4)
Content: Virgin Fiber
Finish: Linen
Basis Weight: 118 GSM (32/80lb Text)
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