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Patricia Marrfurra McTaggart is a member of Nauiyu Inc. (PMB 28 Northern Territory 0822, Australia; Email: email@example.com). This research is part of the Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge (TRaCK) project 'Indigenous socio-economic values and river flows', which revealed seasonal patterns of Indigenous aquatic resource use, eco-hydrological dependencies of key harvested species, and the social, cultural and economic significance of these species to Indigenous communities and their economies.
Utilising Indigenous seasonal knowledge to understand aquatic resource use and inform water resource management in northern Australia
Article first published online: 26 JAN 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00622.x
© 2012 Ecological Society of Australia
Ecological Management & Restoration
Special Issue: Indigenous land and sea management in remote Australia (Guest edited by Dr Emilie Ens)
Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 58–64, January 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Woodward, E., Jackson, S., Finn, M. and McTaggart, P. M. (2012), Utilising Indigenous seasonal knowledge to understand aquatic resource use and inform water resource management in northern Australia. Ecological Management & Restoration, 13: 58–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00622.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 26 JAN 2012
- Article first published online: 26 JAN 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- aquatic ecosystems;
- Daly River;
- Indigenous ecological knowledge;
- seasonal calendar;
- subsistence resource use;
- traditional knowledge
Summary Indigenous ecological knowledge can inform contemporary water management activities including water allocation planning. This paper draws on results obtained from a 3-year study to reveal the connection between Indigenous socio-economic values and river flows in the Daly River, Northern Territory. Qualitative phenological knowledge was analysed and compared to quantitative resource-use data, obtained through a large household survey of Indigenous harvesting and fishing effort. A more complete picture of Indigenous resource-use and management strategies was found to be provided by the adoption of mixed methods. The quantitative data revealed resource-use patterns including when and where species are harvested. The qualitative Indigenous ecological data validated results from the quantitative surveys and provided insights into harvesting and resource management strategies not revealed by the discrete time-bound surveys. As such, it informed the scientific understanding of patterns of resource use and relationships between people, subsistence use and river flows in the Daly River catchment. We recommend that natural resource managers, researchers and Indigenous experts prioritise collaborative projects that record Indigenous knowledge to improve water managers' understanding of Indigenous customary aquatic resource use.
Indigenous people value aquatic ecosystems in a number of inter-related ways: they provide bush foods, art and craft materials and medicines; they are part of a socially and culturally significant freshwater landscape; and have the potential to sustain future water-related businesses and employment (Jackson & Altman 2009). The customary rights of Indigenous Australians to natural resources have been accorded greater recognition by state management systems since the Mabo decision of 1992. In Mabo, the High Court recognised the entitlements of Indigenous people to their ancestral lands under their customary laws (Neate 2002). Notwithstanding this formal recognition, there has been relatively little quantitative research on the use of wild resources by Indigenous people in Australia (see Altman 1987; Gray et al. 2005; Venn & Quiggin 2007) nor their customary water management systems (Yu 2003; Toussaint et al. 2005; Jackson & Altman 2009; Weir 2010; Finn & Jackson 2011).
Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK), also known as traditional ecological knowledge, refers to 'a cumulative body of knowledge and beliefs handed down through generations by cultural transmission about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with one another and with their environment' (Berkes 1993). It is widely understood to be integral to the management of many Indigenous customary land and water systems, including subsistence resource-use strategies. Surveys of the literature on IEK emphasise the means by which it is transmitted and the longevity of its use; there is an emphasis on continuity and cumulative acquisition of knowledge generated by communities heavily reliant on natural resources. Knowledge is passed down through generations over many hundreds of years, although many authors stress its dynamic nature in response to populist images of traditional knowledge as static or unchanging (Berkes 1993; Goodall 2008).
There is increasing interest among scientists and government and nongovernment agencies in the potential for IEK to contribute to contemporary natural resource management (NRM) (Berkes et al. 2000; Huntington 2000; Prober et al. 2011). Such interest is stimulated in part by Indigenous people's concern about the rapidly attenuating local knowledge base (Langton 1998; Jackson & O'Leary 2006; Luckert et al. 2007). Indigenous knowledge can be 'geographically and temporally more extensive' than research-based knowledge (Fraser et al. 2006), especially in regions where Indigenous livelihoods are reliant on natural resources, because of the relatively widespread and long duration of Indigenous occupation and observation. For this reason, studies of IEK are growing in popularity in current scientific endeavours, informing north Australian NRM (Russell-Smith et al. 1997; Horstman & Wightman 2001; Ens et al. 2010; Hill et al. In press), and there have been a number of valuable ethno-biological studies of Indigenous subsistence strategies (Chase & Sutton 1981; Meehan 1981; Altman 1987; Rose 1987; Walsh 1990; Buchanan et al. 2009).
However, Indigenous knowledge is not yet well incorporated into NRM (Finn & Jackson 2011), and there have been calls for research to improve the uptake of IEK and to enhance its impact on NRM (Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council 2010; Prober et al. 2011).
In many parts of Australia, knowledge exchange between scientists and local communities has resulted in an improved understanding of Indigenous seasons (see for example Marrfurra et al. 1995; Rose 1996; Russell-Smith et al. 1997; Baker 1999; Yingguny Lindsay et al. 2001; Bradley 2010), and seasonal calendars have proved to be a widely popular representation of this knowledge for National Park interpretation, school science curriculum and for promoting general public awareness of IEK. More recently, renewed attention has been given to IEK events that correspond with the life cycle of food resources because of their relevance in the monitoring of impacts from environment change, particularly climate change (Turner & Clifton 2009).
The need to understand how socio-ecological systems may be affected by water development is particularly pressing in the undeveloped catchments of northern Australia, given the demand for water resources from southern Australia (Petheram et al. 2008). A recent study sought to understand the socio-economic value of rivers and water to Indigenous communities in two northern catchments where water resource planning has recently begun, the Daly River in the Northern Territory and Fitzroy River in Western Australia. This study combined qualitative and quantitative methods to understand the spatial and temporal pattern of Indigenous resource use, its social, cultural and economic significance to local communities and their economies, and the eco-hydrological dependencies of the wild aquatic resources consumed by Indigenous households (Finn & Jackson 2011; Jackson et al. 2011). The research project is one of 29, involving over 70 socio-cultural, economic and biophysical researchers, which contribute to a research consortium known as Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge (TRaCK) (http://track.gov.au/). This research hub aims to improve the science and knowledge available to support the sustainable use and management of Australia's tropical rivers.
This paper discusses how IEK, particularly seasonal knowledge of resource harvesting and the environmental cues and indicators used to target specific species, provides insights into the resource management strategies of Indigenous people, strengthens the analysis of quantitative household survey data and identifies priorities for water planning and management.
This paper focuses on the results from the Daly River (NT) catchment and reports on two components of the larger socio-economic project: (i) the qualitative documentation of IEK with a focus on the creation of a seasonal calendar of aquatic resource use and (ii) quantitative data collected through household surveys. Specifically, the paper focuses on Ngan'gi seasonal knowledge from the Daly River region of the Northern Territory. Non-Indigenous researchers questioned Indigenous participants with ecological expertise, including the fourth author, about resource use and seasonal availability, leading to the development of the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar (see http://www.csiro.au/resources/Ngangi-Seasonal-Calendar.html). The seasonal calendar reveals extensive phenological knowledge, including the observation of life-cycle changes in plant and animal species that indicate the timing of the onset of growth stages in aquatic resource species, linguistic references to these events, concepts of time as they relate to seasonal change, and spiritual beliefs about cause and effect of seasonal change (Lantz & Turner 2003).
This paper presents a selection of data from the qualitative documentation of IEK and then compares a subset of IEK and quantitative resource-use data to illustrate the value in an aligned, complementary analysis of these data types. Finally, we discuss some of the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method of generating and gathering data on aquatic resource use and the utility of combining the two techniques.
Study sites
The project collected data from the remote Indigenous communities of Pine Creek and Naiuyu Nambiyu in the Daly River catchment (see Fig. 1). The majority of Indigenous people in north Australia live in remote locations that exist as centralised townships, commonly referred to as communities and homelands. Remote communities vary in size from an extended family group to over 2500 people (Brimblecomb 2007) with the Indigenous population of the two Daly River study sites ranging from approximately 120 to 370 people.
The Daly River catchment (Northern Territory) covers 53 000 km2 and has a mean annual discharge of 6730 GL. The Daly River displays distinct hydrological seasonality with most of its discharge occurring predominantly during the summer wet season (November to April, hereafter referred to as 'the Wet'), with high interannual variation in the magnitude and timing of peak flows (Kennard et al. 2010). During the winter dry season (May to October, hereafter referred to as 'the Dry'), the main channel of the Daly River is supplemented by groundwater inputs and is classified as perennial; however, its tributaries range from perennial to extremely intermittent.
Collation of local ecological knowledge was undertaken both in the community and in surrounding wetlands, while on hunting, gathering or fishing trips, allowing the researchers to learn through demonstration. The timing of documentation of seasonal information was integral to the compilation of the calendar where recollection of ecological indicators was stimulated by environmental cues. This necessitated repeat visits and proofing of calendar content over a period that spanned the full cycle of seasons (Woodward 2010).
The first of the four calendars created through the broader socio-economic project, the 'Ngan'gi Seasons', was initiated by the fourth author, a senior Ngan'gi language speaker from Nauiyu Nambiyu, Daly River. 'Ngan'gi' refers to two similar Aboriginal languages of the Daly River region, Ngan'gikurunggurr and Ngen'giwumirri (Reid & Marrfurra McTaggart 2008).
Household surveys provided quantitative information on the spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic resource use. Twenty-four households, representing approximately 20% of the Indigenous population in the Daly River study communities, were repeatedly surveyed twice every 3 months over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2010 (for a full description of the survey methodology see Jackson et al. 2011). These data were used to assess the potential socio-economic impacts of flow alterations for Indigenous communities in the study areas. Detailed results from the survey data and the economic valuation are presented in the study by Jackson et al. (2011) and Finn and Jackson (2011).
The Ngan'gi Seasons calendar, displayed as Figure 2, has four to five seasons that fall within the Wet and eight to nine seasons that fall within the Dry. A couple of the seasons fall into both the Wet and Dry categories. The cycle of seasons observed in the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar is different to the seasons represented in the Gregorian calendar, with many of the Ngan'gi seasons named in accordance with the various life stages of the local dominant Wurr (Spear Grass, Sorghum intrans). Each of these seasons is said to occur once the phenological event has been observed.
During the Wet, Indigenous residents of Nauiyu have limited access to hunting sites owing to inundation, and animal species also disperse within the flooded landscape, making them more difficult to hunt. Lower availability of food resources during the Wet coincides with fewer reported phenological events and fewer distinct seasons for this time of the year. This observation is supported by the household survey data showing that the frequency of harvesting trips is at its lowest in the Daly catchment during the Wet (see Fig. 3).
According to the seasonal calendar, hunting and gathering of resources starts in earnest towards the end of the Wet, with the collection of fruits during the period known as Wudupuntyurrutu, after the river has risen following heavy rains. During this time Awarrapun (Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus porosus), Anganifinyi (Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus) and Anganfepinimbi (Rock Python, Liasis olivaceus) are also actively hunted.
The Dry is considered to be coming when Wurr stalks start to die and turn a reddish colour. At this time, the Wet is subsiding. This season is known as Wurr wirribem filgarri, the period when people actively hunt for Anganggurr (Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the river and creeks. Household data support this observation, with 71% of Freshwater Prawns harvested in the Daly River taken during the Early Dry survey period.
Ngan'gi speakers know that the Dry has started when the wind blows from the east and Wurr seeds have turned brown and start falling to the ground. This season is known as Wurr bengim miyerr. It is Ayiwisi (dragonflies, order Odonata) that indirectly bring the wind in the early Dry, as their arrival wakes Agurri (the big Black Kangaroo, Petrogale brachyotis) that lives in the hills who then sings the wind, blowing it from the east. The dragonflies indicate to people that it is time to fish for Atyalmerr (Barramundi, Lates calcarifer) near the mouths of small creeks. This seasonal observation by Ngan'gi speakers is clearly reflected in the household survey data which reveal that Barramundi harvesting success peaks in the Early Dry (see Fig. 4).
Wurr bengin derripal is a season name that, according to the fourth author, literally translates to 'it's knocked the grass into a bent over position'. This period therefore refers to the time of the year when storms push the Wurr over. Rain is still falling, and it is a good time to harvest the eggs of Anganni (Magpie Goose, Anseranas semipalmata) as there is still a fair amount of water around to support the floating nests. This time of the year is known to be good for catfish (Arius spp.), but is not yet time for hunting other fish. This time might be thought of as the Late Wet/Early Dry season.
Resource collection markedly increases with the arrival of Wirirr marrgu. At this time, the Dry is in full-swing, and the Spear Grass is being burnt and black ash is on the ground. People are clearly influenced by the temperature and humidity, and they report having a 'good feeling' about going hunting for turtles (Carettochelys insculpta; Chelodina rugosa; Emydura spp.; Elseya spp.) at this time because it isn't too hot. It is now time to fish for Awin (Black Bream, Hephaestus fuliginosus), Epelen (Archer Fish, Toxotes chatereus), Adilmi (mullet, Liza spp.) and freshwater Prawns and to target Barramundi living in the creeks. The results from the household surveys show that the greatest numbers of Black Bream were harvested in the Early Dry and Mid Dry survey periods (Jackson et al. 2011). Billabong levels have dropped significantly since the beginning of the Wet, so a range of lilies and other water-dependent plants can now be accessed along the margins of billabongs and swampy areas. Water-dependent plant species targeted now include Minimindi (Waterlily, Nymphaea macrosperma and N. violacea), Miwulngini (Red Lotus Lily, Nelumbo nucifera) and Midugu (Water Chestnut, Eleocharis dulcis). At this time, Mifutyen (Native Peanut, Horsfieldia australianum), found in monsoon vine forests, and Mibuymadi (Bush Banana, Marsdenia viridiflora) are also collected. With the water levels lower, it is also much easier to collect Afurra (mussels, Velesunio sp.) and Amurriyi (crabs, Holthuisana sp.) on the edges of billabongs, creeks and springs. During this season, as the margins of billabongs become exposed with the drop in water level, turtle hunting begins.
Household surveys also show that harvesting activities in the Daly switch from use of the main river channel during the wet season to focus on billabongs as the dry season continues. By the Late Dry, 70% of all Daly River hunting trips are to billabongs. This is supported by the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar which observes that Malarrgu (Long-necked Turtle, Chelodina rugosa) hunting in billabongs intensifies over the Dry as water levels recede, exposing the muddy billabong margins. This soft mud will be searched with crowbars and feet in an attempt to find hibernating animals. The Late Dry seasons of Ngunguwe and Lirrimem are very hot and humid; there are mirages on the horizon, and the river water is warm. These seasons are known to be the best time for hunting Long-necked Turtle hiding under the mud. This seasonal harvesting knowledge is also reflected in the survey data with a distinct increase in harvesting rates for Long-necked Turtle between the Wet and Late Dry season survey periods (Fig. 5). During this very hot part of the year, the bark of the Yerrwurumbi (Ghost Gum, Eucalyptus alba) starts peeling, indicating that Adany (Bull Shark, Carcharchinus leucas) are fat and ready to catch. The river is really low now, and it is a good hunting time for Emelpe (Stingray, Dasyatis fluviorum) and Adetyerrwukume (Sawfish, Pristis microdon).
With the first rains of Kudede, Agadirr (Green Ant queens, Oecophylla smaragdina) are ready for eating and the turtles start moving after hibernating through the Dry. Turtles are said to still be fat at this time and still good hunting if you can find them. Turtles, like other aquatic species, are targeted for hunting by Indigenous research participants when they are known to be 'fat', with 'skinny' animals sometimes rejected and returned to the water. A preference for 'fatness' in bush resources among Aboriginal people has previously been documented, with the seasonal shifts in harvesting strategy often reflecting the degree of fat in the species concerned (Altman 1987; Rose 2000; Rouja et al. 2003).
Combining quantitative household data and qualitative open ended interviews was found to offer a number of benefits in eliciting information on subsistence resource use. Household data obtained through repeat surveys provided a means of obtaining discrete data on resource use over a 2-year period. Interviews with Indigenous experts complimented those data by validating observations drawn from survey results. The seasonal calendar represents a system of resource management and production highly attuned to eco-hydrological relationships. The calendar makes these relationships explicit and reveals to others the cycle of eco-hydrological cues that signal to knowledgeable people when and what is available for harvesting. For example, the flowering of Yeninggisyi (Red Kapok, Bombax ceiba) signals that Ewerrmisya (Freshwater Crocodile, Crocodylus johnstoni) have laid their eggs. These eggs are then collected and eaten. Significantly, the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar reveals that Indigenous people take their cues from some ecological observations that fall outside the realm of orthodox scientific knowledge. For example, while Ngan'gi people know that the peeling of bark from the trunk of the Ghost Gum (Eucalyptus papuana) signals that Bull Sharks in the river are fat and ready to be hunted, ecologists looking for ecological linkages and drivers of ecosystem function are unlikely to arrive at such relationships. Relationships between observed phenomena could be increasingly informative if collaborative efforts continue, particularly in relation to synchronised system events that may be triggered by shared, high level, ecosystem drivers. It is possible that a clearer understanding of these synchronous events, and their potential for 'decoupling' under anthropogenic disturbance, can provide new insights and metrics for monitoring the impacts of environmental perturbations.
The resource-use patterns revealed in the quantitative data on species harvest rates and locations (Jackson et al. 2011) tell us much about what wild resources are being extracted, where and when, and this information is of considerable value to water resource planners (Finn & Jackson 2011). However, analysed alone these data tells us little about the decisions people make in their subsistence strategies and the detailed ecological knowledge underpinning harvesting effort and success in hunting, gathering and fishing.
The Indigenous authors of the seasonal calendar are consistently observing localised seasonal changes and watching for indicators in the environment, ready to change their temporal and spatial harvesting patterns. Therefore, the calendar serves as a model of seasonal resource use that shows points in time when people change their harvesting behaviour and some of the socio-ecological reasons why behaviour has altered. Thus, the calendar reveals a continuous pattern of seasonal harvesting and resource use that is not discernible from household survey data collected periodically. The calendar provides a comprehensive inventory of resources used, including those species that are of interest and value but harvested infrequently. We found that a number of species referred to in the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar were not captured in the household surveys spanning a 2-year period. Relying on quantitative household surveys alone would miss those infrequently harvested species, pointing to the value of temporal continuity in documenting the qualitative information.
On the other hand, calendars also have limits as a sole source of information. The calendars we constructed in partnership with Indigenous knowledge holders do not reveal the quantities caught or effort expended. Return on effort is particularly important to know if one is interested in monitoring the availability of key resource species, as it allows the separation and identification of reductions in effort and reductions in harvest success. In addition, while the calendars provide information on the types of habitats targeted in different seasons, they do not provide data on locations visited, as the household surveys revealed. Spatially referenced data are important when attempting to predict the eco-hydrological impacts of increased water extraction on key sites of value – including those of significant resource value.
Neither methodology sought to explicitly address the changing patterns of resource use over longer temporal scales. The recording of oral histories as a complementary component of the research revealed historical change in the sites used for fishing and hunting, as well as changing techniques and tools adopted in an effort to reduce effort and increase harvesting success. This historical context may be an important consideration when predicting potential impacts of a flow change into the future.
Documenting IEK in a participatory fashion provided an important social benefit beyond the contribution to public good research. The research activities promoted engagement and local participation, and the development of trust between the researchers and Indigenous participants, manifest in invitations to undertake other activities with the same groups and to develop further calendars with other groups. Over the course of the project numerous applied projects and methodologies emerged as Indigenous research participants voiced ideas, including the development of a participatory photography project (Photovoice) which involved several different community groups (see Wang & Burris 1997 for methodology). The production of highly popular visual outputs (including seasonal calendars) under the direction of Indigenous experts was of great interest to both researchers and Indigenous community members, both parties curious about socio-ecological connections and the impacts of water-use decisions on valued relationships with country. A strong motivation of Indigenous participation was to promote and preserve 'culture', including language, and a desire to see the calendars used as a teaching and learning tool to pass information on to younger people in the respective communities and regions. The Ngan'gi Seasons calendar has been taken up by local schools and is viewed with great interest by members of the research community and wider Australian public.
A more complete picture of Indigenous resource-use and management strategies was provided by the adoption of mixed methods: quantitative household surveys and qualitative open ended interviews. While the household surveys provided discrete quantifiable data, the IEK compiled in the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar captured continuous resource-use patterns along the continuum of the cycle of the seasons and therefore, the more subtle behavioural changes that were not captured in the periodic resource harvest surveys.
Seasonal calendars reveal a body of knowledge about the relationship between people and the environment and underpin local NRM strategies. Although popular as a communication tool, calendars are, however, currently under-utilised in state-led NRM. The Ngan'gi Seasons calendar has informed the scientific understanding of patterns of resource use and relationships between people, subsistence use and river flows in the Daly River catchment. We recommend that natural resource managers, researchers and Indigenous experts prioritise collaborative projects that record Indigenous knowledge and apply the insights from cross-cultural exchange to environmental management challenges.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Indigenous traditional owners in the Daly River region, Northern Territory, in particular the Indigenous experts who contributed to the Ngan'gi Seasons calendar: Molly Yawulminy, Catherine Ariuu, Dorothy Daning, Kitty Kamarrama, Benigna Ngulfundi, Maureen Wurrumburr and Mercia Wawul. We thank Murray Radcliffe of the National Water Commission, Michael Douglas of Charles Darwin University, Jon Altman of the ANU, Sandy Toussaint of the UWA and Mark Kennard and Brad Pusey of Griffith University for their ongoing support for the research described here. TRaCK receives major funding for its research through the Australian Government's Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities initiative; the Australian Government's Raising National Water Standards Program; Land and Water Australia; the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and the Queensland Government's Smart State Innovation Fund. The research reported here was reviewed and approved by the Charles Darwin University Human Research Ethics Committee and worked within the guidelines of a Northern Land Council research agreement.
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The signs and symptoms of chloral hydrate overdosage resemble those of barbiturate overdosage and especially affect the CNS and cardiovascular system. They may include: hypothermia; pinpoint pupils; blood pressure falls; comatose state; slow, or rapid and shallow breathing. Gastric irritation may result in vomiting and even gastric necrosis. If the patient survives, icterus due to hepatic damage and albuminuria from renal irritation may appear.
The toxic oral dose of chloral hydrate for adults is approximately 10 g; however, death has been reported from a dose of 4 g and some patients have survived after taking as much as 30 g.
Accidental overdosage should be treated with gastric lavage or by inducing vomiting to empty the stomach. Supportive measures may be used. Hemodialysis is reported to be effective in promoting the clearance of trichloroethanol.
Chloral hydrate is contraindicated in patients with marked hepatic or renal impairment and in patients with severe cardiac disease. Oral dosage forms of chloral hydrate are contraindicated in the presence of gastritis. Chloral hydrate is also contraindicated in patients who have previously exhibited an idiosyncrasy or hypersensitivity to the drug.
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text:
During the Annual Conference EUROGRAPHICS'2015 in Zurich, Switzerland, three new Fellows of the Association were elected by the Executive Committee.
Jean-Michel Dischler, University of Strasbourg, France
Enrico Gobbetti, CRS4, Pula, Italy
Olga Sorkine-Hornung, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
All have significantly contributed to the development of Computer Graphics and to the Eurographics Association.
The full text of the announcement will soon be available here.
General Assembly Meeting Agenda
36th Eurographics General Assembly Minutes
Thursday 7th May 2015 at 17.40 during Eurographics 2015
- Matters arising
- Minutes of the previous meeting
- Chairman's Report
- Presentation and Approval of Accounts for 2014
- Appointment of Auditors for 2016
- Budget & Forward Look 2016 -
- Membership Fees 2016 -
- Executive Committee Elections
- Executive Board 2015 and Ratification
- Future Conferences
- Date of Next Meeting
- Any Other Business
Chairman's Letter
Letter from the new EG chairman, Anders Ynnerman, to members of the association.
Chairman's Letter April 2015
Chairman's letter April 2015
Dear Eurographics members,
As of January 1st 2015 I have taken up the post of chairman for Eurographics after Werner Purgathofer who has successfully chaired the association for the past two years. During these two years he has made invaluable contributions to the association and has been a true champion for increasing membership numbers. On behalf of the whole association I would like to thank Werner Purgathofer for his outstanding work as chairman for the association and I would also like to thank him for his support and help in getting me up to speed on all the intricate details of the work of the Chairman of EG.
Changes to the Executive Committee and Officers of the Association
The result and the details of the Executive Committee election ballot for 2014 were reported on the EG web pages by our Secretary David Duce Sept. 6th 2014. The elected candidates who commenced their three year terms of office on January 1st 2015 are: Min Chen, Paulo Cignoni, Oliver Deussen, Dieter Fellner, Olga Sorkine-Hornung, Anna Vilanova and Brian Wyvill. Marie-Paule Cani is continuing as vice chairman and Oliver Deussen has now been appointed second vice chairman. I am very pleased to have such distinguished members of our association join/remain on the executive committee.
New Digital Library and Home Page
Over the past years the EG on-line presence has gone through significant changes and improvements. The homepage has a new design and improved content. The Digitial Library now operates on a new platform with significantly increased functionality. I would like to catch the opportunity to thank all of the people who have contributed to this important development; especially the Graz support team under the direction of Dieter Fellner and the on-line team at the Norrköping Visualization Center.
A Professional Association in a Changing World
In view of rapidly changing academic environments and traditions professional associations like Eurographics are facing challenges at the same time as new opportunities are emerging. The role of associations is thus changing, and in some aspects they are even more important than before, whereas in other aspects new actors and information channels are appearing. I see it as a priority for the EG association to continue the successful existing activities, but also to identify and further develop the unique services that it can provide our community with and continue to make EG membership a natural and invaluable component in every graphics and visualization researcher's portfolio of affiliations. In this process a most valuable resource is the input and contributions from existing, and potential, members of the association. I therefore hope to meet many of you at the upcoming Eurographics conference in Zurich and discuss the future of Eurographics.
I am deeply honored to be trusted with this very important role in the association and will do my best to serve the community during my two-year tenure. I am looking forward to contribute to the association in the spirit of previous chairs and members of the governing bodies of the organisation.
Anders Ynnerman
Eurographics Chairman 2015-2016
Digital Library
EG Digital Library is changing its platform
Please use these links:


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La Locanda di Giada, Pisa (province)
- Free WiFi in lobby and free parking
- Airport within 5 mi/8 km: Pisa (PSA-Galileo Galilei)
Main amenities
- 6 guestrooms
- Air conditioning
- Garden
- Picnic area
- Luggage storage
What's around
- Leaning Tower (2.8 mi / 4.5 km)
- Museo Nazionale di S. Matteo (1.9 mi / 3 km)
- Pisa Royal Palace (2.5 mi / 4 km)
Climatisation, parking gratuit, arrêt de bus et restaurant proches, chambre et accueil…
HIGHS: Very friendly staff . Very clean room and bathroom. Nice secure location of room…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $42
- Quadruple Room
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- This hotel has 6 rooms
- Check-in time noon-8 PM
- Check-out time is 10 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
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In the hotel
- Luggage storage
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- Climate control
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La Locanda di Giada, Pisa (province)'s small print
Also known as
- Locanda di Giada
- Locanda di Giada Inn
- Locanda di Giada Inn Pisa
- Locanda di Giada Pisa
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- Tourism fee: EUR 1.5 per person, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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are at risk for inadequate pain control, pain advocates support new
research initiatives that focus on cultural and ethnic differences in
understanding and managing pain. Even in the absence of this data, the
report states that it is incumbent on hospitals and community
treatment centers to be more proactive in addressing postoperative
pain management, so patients and caregivers will benefit from more
aggressive and successful symptom management.
8. Develop a curriculum on pain management for use in medical schools and
allied health care institutions.
Today, only three percent of medical schools have a separate required
course on pain management, which is one of the reasons why there is a
persistent gap in professional awareness about this subject.
Accordingly, the report calls for developing a curriculum for medical
and allied health students that focuses on the evaluation and
treatment of pain as well as courses for faculty at medical schools
and allied health care institutions.
9. Immediately implement and increase the funding for professional
training on postoperative pain management.
Because inadequate postoperative pain management results when
clinicians have an incomplete understanding about effective dose
regimens and treatment options, an immediate need is for professional
societies and recognized medical sub-specialty organizations to invest
in expanded professional education through continuing education
courses as well as lecture series on pain management issues.
10. Move toward a less invasive, more cost-effective system for delivering
acute postoperative pain management in the hospital setting.
Besides expanding research funding and increasing professional'/>"/>
Copyright©2007 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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Favorite Children's Museums and Online Resources
fantasti...ning.com 2
Stories from life with two little ones, tips from our travels, ideas for...More
Blog post at LivingMontessoriNow.com : My kids are adults already, and I'm still in love with Goodnight Moon. Now I'm looking forward to the joy of reading Goodnight Moon to my fu[..]
Blog post at LivingMontessoriNow.com : Spring is a great time for a pond unit. May is an especially good time for turtle activities since World Turtle Day is May 23. Today, I want[..]
Blue Caves - Zakynthos Island, Greece
Fancy having a go at making your own Musical Instrument Crafts for kids? Here you have percussion to horn to string instruments to choose from.


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(678) 368-4044
5874 Atlanta Highway, Alpharetta, GA 30004 map »
We are Licensed and Insured.
Buy direct from fabricator , no middle man.
We do our own fabrication.
Over 10 years of experience.
Your granite installed in 5 to 7 business days.
Customer can come to our warehouse to select their own granite slab.
Call today for a FREE ESTIMATE. (678) 368-4044
Open to the public.
Our price is good, our quality is even better!
Call us for details.Thank you!
2012, 2013, 2014
Fully Licensed and Insured. Member of TrustDale. Member of Better Business Bureau, BBB ACCREDITED BUSINESS. Member of MIA (Marble Institute of America).
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Dust Collection System and Water recycle system.
Legacy was amazing to work with! They had the best selection of anywhere we went, and their price was in line with the competition. They installed quickly, and the end result is beautiful! Love my... new countertops & sink!!VIEW MORE »VIEW LESS »
The Legacy crew fixed our granite kitchen counter tops and sink. They did an amazing job! The crew was on time, very courtesy, and efficient. I would recommend them in a heart beat.
Expires 2015-08-07View Coupon »
Look no further for your granite needs. I�ll try to add info that would have been helpful to me during research. Definitely take the sq footage of your counters BEFORE visiting Legacy. This will assist in providing a quote and you have an idea of what you will pay. Do not waste time going to big box companies. We saved $15 sq ft by going with Legacy. From initial site visit, templating , and installation timeframe was 5 days. Legacy DOES NOT do any plumbing. They will mount your sink to the granite, but you will need to contract a plumber faucet hook-up. They have a Plumber who can come behind them to complete. Demolition of 52 sq ft of old counters and installation of new granite = 2 hours start to finish. Legacy offers several styles of stainless steel sinks free. We wanted a composite granite sink and Legacy allowed us to order and ship to them. Legacy includes a free granite cutting board. This was a surprise to us as this was not disclosed during consultation. *Tip* Add some floor protectors to the bottom of your cutting board so it does not scratch counters. Legacy requires � of the deposit before any work is started. The final deposit after Legacy calls to confirm you are happy. Start to finish, Legacy was extremely efficient and kept us fully informed during entire process. They did an outstanding job and without hesitation I would recommend them.
We went with Legacy because of price and kudzu reviews. Counters turned out beautiful and they are masters at fabrication and install. However, customer service is par at best. We had to ask twice for them to coordinate with their recommended plumber (not included in price) and make sure he was available when the granite install was completed. In addition, be forewarned that the install will wreck your kitchen if they have to cut/drill inside the house. Buy a shop vac, seal off the room and remove everything from under cabinets and counters. Also, be prepared to caulk the granite against the backsplash yourself if you want the color to match backsplash grout color. Multiple trips to Home Depot (SANDED CAULK tile isle) to find right color....which admittedly is no fault of Legacy, but our own aesthetic preference.
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 3/18/2014
I worked with Alexandra on getting a new granite countertop made for my kitchen table. She was awesome to work with along with the installers who did a super job. I would highly recommend using them.
We had a smaller job than most, in that we were redoing 2 average bathrooms. I dealt with Peterson primarily on the phone. He was so extremely helpful, polite and I feel reasonably priced. The company is Brazilian, and they get their granite from Brazil. I did drive 45 min (in N Alpharetta) to see the granite (twice) but it was well worth it. I was able to pick out the exact slab that I wanted. Since one of the bathrooms was small, I was able to save $7 per sq ft on a remnant. Both sinks were included. The template man was very exact and got all of the measurements perfect. The 3 installers did an amazing job too. The entire installation only took 2 hrs for both bathrooms! All in all, this is a very experienced company that makes the entire process seem very easy and went as smooth as anyone could ever imagine. I would highly recommend them to everyone!
We came to there showroom on Friday. They were able to come to our home and measure that same day. Installed on Wednesday. No mess, professionally dressed and on time. Very well run company.
Very reliable business, all is very well coordonated. All the informations are given before starting, so no unexpected surprise. somebody is contacting you regulary during the entire process. Very satisfied w/our upgrated kitchen.
From the first phone call to the installation, Legacy was excellent. Their price is unbeatable and Junior was the most courteous and professional installer we've ever met. Don't waste your time, just go to Legacy.
Highly recommend these folks for a kitchen remodel. We love the new granite. From the sales team to the installers, these folks were all excellent to deal with. Great prices and excellent quality work!
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 4/15/2013
I love my new granite and I should say my new kitchen! The granite made my kitchen shine! The guys at Legacy are great to work with and very fair. They were very smart and knowledgeable about the entire process. They also make phone calls after the job is done to make sure you were satisfied with the outcome. I would highly recommend this company to anyone.
I rarely do online reviews, but I can't stop raving about this company. From the initial consultation to the final installation, the entire process was enjoyable and totally stress-free. Junior and Marcos are a great team and did an incredible job installing my counter tops! We are very pleased with the end result, and will highly recommend this company to everyone we know!
We had the granite placed for 3 weeks now. We could not stop admiring it! We drove about 1 hour to find Legacy location and was not disappointed. We picked our own slab freely. Installation was done in less than a week. Price was great and it came with warranty. The seam was barely noticeable. The installers and everyone at the office were very friendly, helpful, listened to our need and answered all of our questions. All in all a very enjoyable experience and we LOVE our kitchen. Thank you guys!
Marcos and Junior just finished installing our new granite countertops. I cannot brag enough on how gorgeous they look! The process from choosing the granite to the installation was very easy and professionally handled. Marcos and Junior did an awesome job on the installation, arrived on time, and left no mess at the end of the day. My kitchen looks fantastic. Thank you for a job WELL done! Mindee Hill, Marietta, Georgia
From the moment we walked in to choose our granite to the installation (which was only a few days later), we realized this was a lot less complicated that we realized. Our neighbor referred us to Legacy and she & we are very satisfied with all aspects of our purchase! They even called a couple of days later to check on our satisfaction.
Thank you for a no-sweat, hassle-free experience. From estimate to completion, every step of the granite countertops and backsplash installation was professionally and beautifully done. Junior and Marcos were a finely tuned team and did a great job with a super attitude. I will recommend your company to all my friends!
We drove from Acworth to Legacy based upon the Kudzu reviews. We experienced exceptional customer service (special thanks to Peterson and Julie) and an installation by Junior and Marcos that was superior. The seam between the cuts of granite is so thin that if you lay a needle on it, you don't see the seam. They also worked late Friday night on the install because the plumber was coming at 8 the next day. We wouldn't hesitate to recommend this company to family and friends.


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Originally written on Pro Sports Daily | Last updated 9/4/13
And on the second day Loui Eriksson spoke to the assembled Bruins media. After skating in his second Bruins captain's practice at Ristuccia Arena the Swedish forward said many of the same things as he did in his introductory conference call after being traded from the Dallas Stars to Boston. He arrived in Boston on Saturday and was excited to be participating in the voluntary practices with fellow Swedish imports Niklas Svedberg and Carl Soderberg. The influx of Swedish talent to the Black and Gold makes for an interesting departure for a Bruins organization that's in a slight transition phase after waving goodbye to Tyler Seguin Rich Peverley Andrew Ference Nathan Horton and Anton Khudobin in the offseason.
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Centro Boliviano-Americano
For paid work, qualified English teachers can try the professionally run Centro Boliviano-Americano in La Paz. Accredited teachers can...
Traffic Dance
It has lost some pizzazz in recent times, but is still popular for cocktails, live music – from world beats to disco – and all the...
Ketal Hipermercado
If you're heading off for a picnic, load up here on everything from olives to cheese, crackers and beer.
Pinilla 2257 · interesting places nearby
Wagamama information
This Japanese joint, hidden up a quiet lane, has a classy atmosphere and impeccably presented food. Treat yourself to a teishoku (a feast featuring 'everything'; B$80).


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Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening the diaphragm into the chest. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen.
Hernia - hiatal
The exact cause of hiatal hernias is unknown. The condition may be due to a weakening of the supporting tissue. Your risk for the problem goes up with age, obesity , and smoking. Hiatal hernias are very common. The problem occurs often in people over 50 years old.
This condition may cause reflux (backflow) of gastric acid from the stomach into the esophagus.
Children with this condition are usually born with it (congenital). It often occurs with gastroesophageal reflux in infants .
A hiatal hernia by itself rarely causes symptoms. Pain and discomfort are due to the upward flow of stomach acid, air, or bile.
The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments may include:
Other measures to reduce symptoms include:
If medicines and lifestyle measures do not help control symptoms, you may need surgery.
Treatment can relieve most symptoms of hiatal hernia.
Call your health care provider if:
Controlling risk factors such as obesity may help prevent hiatal hernia.
Richter JE, Friedenberg FK. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 43.
Morristown Medical Center
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Two combines working a field. This was filmed for my young combine-mad son and is my way of saying thank you for all the on-line videos featuring combine harvesters. They've sure kept him occupied when I needed to buy some time. :)
Filmed on my trusty Panasonic NVGS400 (25p)
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Eatonville Nannies
12 nannies near you. Average nanny rate in Eatonville: $10.75/hr. Share with friends.
Nanny Available — Eatonville, WA
I have been a nanny for two previous families. I cared for children ages 1 to 8. I also have a lot of experience babysitting my niece and nephews as they have grown up. I have experience volunteering ...
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I have been working as a nanny since November of 2010. I have a genuine love of children and love being a nanny. I am trustworthy, reliable, nurturing, patient, and committed to making a positive envi...
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Full-Time Nanny Available — Eatonville, WA
I work very well with children. In high school, I helped in the "special needs" classroom, took a class to help elementary school kids learn how to read and write, and currently have a 2-year-old of m...
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I have 12 years experience working with kids been teaching preschool and lead toddler teachers and worked with many kids with disabilities. I have 2 kids of my own have a 12-year-old and a 8-year-old ...
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For 11 years, I've been a stay-at-home mommy to my son and daughter. I've been very blessed to be able to watch them grow, but as the story goes, I am needed less now that they are big kids. My husban...
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More curfews have been imposed as religious violence spreads closer to Yangon. At least 40 people have died since unrest started in the central Mandalay region in Myanmar a week ago.
In just over a week of conflict between Buddhists and Muslims in central Myanmar, also known as Burma, at least 40 people have died. According to official UN figures, more than 12,000 people have been displaced by the violence. Tension between Muslims and Buddhists were suppressed during the military dictatorship, which lasted for decades.
The latest bout of violence broke out a week ago in the city of Meiktila. Since then, entire parts of the city have been burned and mosques have been set alight. After the government imposed a state of emergency, the army took control of the city over the weekend.
Since the beginning of the week violence has escalated in the state of Bago, several hundred kilometers away from Meiktila and some 150 kilometers north of Yangon. Witnesses said they saw people destroying a mosque in the city on Monday.
In a televised statement on Monday, March 25, the government called for a stop to "religious extremism." The state newspaper, the "New Light of Myanmar," published a joint statement by well-known Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu and Christian leaders demanding the adherents of all the religions to work together for the "love and good" of society.
The country's many conflicts have continued right through its recent process of democratization. Last year, at least 180 people died in bloody clashes between the Buddhist majority and the Muslim minority in the western Rakhine state and at least 115,000 people fled the area. Experts fear the conflicts could increase as democracy continues to develop.
Myanmar is a multiethnic state - of 55 million people, there are over 150 ethnic groups. Nearly 90 percent of the population is Buddhist. Muslims, including around 750,000 Rohingya, make up around 4 percent. They are, however, not officially recognized as an ethnic minority. They are subject to systematic persecution and discrimination.
Heartbreaking pictures of Rohingya migrants have made international headlines in recent weeks. But some of the photos now making the social media rounds aren't exactly what they seem. DW's social media team tells you why
Myanmar's opposition leader and Nobel peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi turns 70. Expert Hans-Bernd Zöllner tells DW about Suu Kyi's struggle for democracy and her role in the Southeast Asian nation's politics.
Threats, harassment, and imprisonment - a new Amnesty International report says Myanmar is intensifying restrictions on the media as the country approaches crucial national elections. Could this impact the outcome?
A general in Thailand wanted by police in connection with trafficking Rohingya refugees has turned himself in. Thailand has launched a crackdown on the practice, which exploits the minority Muslims from Myanmar.
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text:
New toy series set to stun next generation of Trekkies
uot;There's no question that especially with the 'Star Trek' line, they want to create an entry point that can get as many people interested in and excited about the toys as possible." The smaller line also makes it more affordable to build sets and accessories, like playsets for the bridge and transporter room of the Enterprise. "'Star Trek' has history that can be built upon, so that when you see it for the first time, you feel like it's a very rich, exciting franchise," Shamus said. "This is a great chance for them to introduce the movie to a lot of kids that haven't been exposed to it." Read more about action figures, comic books, video games and more online at blog.newsok.com/nerdage.


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Capel Rugs Millwood Medium Blue Rug
This product has additional required/recommended options. To configure, add to your cart.
Runner 2'3" x 9' Rug Size
Capel Rugs Millwood Medium Blue Rug
Weights & Dimensions
Runner 2'3" x 9' Rug Size
|Product Type: Kids Rug
|Construction: Handmade
|Technique: Braided; Machine woven
|Primary Pattern: Solid
|Primary Color: Blue
|Gender: Boy
|Lifestage: Kid
|Material: Cotton; Synthetic
|Reversible: Yes
|Rug Pad Needed: Yes
|Eco-Friendly: No
|Outdoor Use: No
|Product Care: Vacuum regularly and spot clean with mild detergent
|Country of Manufacture: United States
|Product Warranty: 1 year limited
About the Manufacturer80 years after stitching that first rug, Capel has become America's largest manufacturer and importer of area rugs. Capel's Woven-Flatwoven Collection embodies an incredible diversity of handmade and machine-woven rugs made in America, Europe and the Far East. Thanks to modern technology, many of the classic oriental rug designs are being preserved in beautiful machine woven reproductions from Europe. Capel's Hand Hooked Collection features an exciting array of designs. Hand knotted rugs from India and China display a devotion to quality, earning Capel its outstanding reputation as a source for only the finest area rugs.
The threads of the old "Gee-Haw Plowlines" remain the foundation of Capel, the most successful and diversified organization in the rug business. A member of the Capel family oversees each area of operation. This personal dedication to quality and value is the cornerstone of the Capel heritage. It has been more than 80 years since the days of the old "Gee-Haw" plowlines, and Capel is far from the end of its rope.
Capel is responsible for its own spinning, dyeing, weaving, braiding, sewing and selling. Raw materials consist of all the appropriate floor covering fibers such as wool, rayon, nylon and acrylics. Today, Capel employees number approximately 450 people and more than 20 different rug styles are manufactured, utilizing more than 200 different braids, and in excess of 600 different items in finished goods inventory plus many custom sizes and shapes.
Capel Rugs Millwood Medium Blue Rug
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help


text:
The What Breed Of Dog Are You Test
Their result for The What Breed Of Dog Are You Test ...
Border Collie
You scored 78% Loyal and 65% Independant!
Border Collie:
Originated in Scotland/England border areas, this breed is intelligent, determined and brave, this dog forms a close bond with its family and is also eager to work. If not given work to do, the Border Collie will become badly behaved. It needs ample exercise, and its origin as a sheepdog and cattle-herder means that it is only happy when given specific tasks on a regular basis. They can't sit still and they want you to be right out there doing their task with them. They are the leaders and motivators of the dog world.
Alaskan Malamute:
Originated in Alaska, USA, this breed is friendly, affectionate, and loyal, but can have a mind of its own. The malamute is built to work well within a team, and its friendliness makes it unsuitable for a watchdog, but brave enough to pull 110% of the load. Once set in a direction these dogs will continue in that track until someone with a firm hand and kind heart sets them onto a new destination. They are loving, but a workhorse that grows restless with too little to do.
Their Analysis (Vertical line = Average)
They scored 78% on Loyalty, higher than 61% of your peers.
They scored 65% on Independence, higher than 25% of your peers.
All possible test results
You are most like these breeds: Yorkshire Terrior:Originated in England, this breed tends to be fiesty, but dependant on its owner for protection as it may pick more of a fight than it can h... Read more
You are most like these breeds: Chihauhau: Originated in Mexico, this breed is small but tough, often they only bond with a single person, regarding the rest of the household as a kingdom. ... Read more
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Bassett/Blood Hound
You are most like these breeds: Basset Hound: Originated in England, this breed is independent but sociable, calm, patient and playful. They make great playmates for children, and are happy ... Read more
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Border Collie
You are most like these breeds: Border Collie: Originated in Scotland/England border areas, this breed is intelligent, determined and brave, this dog forms a close bond with its family and i... Read more
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Have you heard a rumor that an event at Woodbine Racetrack is sold-out? At Vividseats.com we have a large selection of tickets to all events at Woodbine Racetrack and we sell them at a discount! Don't believe us? View the upcoming schedule of Woodbine Racetrack and click on "Find Your Seats" and you will find the tickets you want to fit almost any budget. In addition to providing tickets to Woodbine Racetrack events, we also information such as seating charts, venue information, maps, and directions. When buying tickets for an event at Woodbine Racetrack always use Vividseats.com.


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As we close out the year, it is interesting to look back on what life was like 100 years ago.
In the year 1904, according to an interesting fact sheet, the average life expectancy in the United States was 47 years.
Reading this Christmas book of personal stories collected by President Carter prompted many memories shared by my father over the years.
It has been said that much can be determined about the character of a man by studying the way he treats animals.
It was a gray and dreary morning. Not much happening. Not much to spark the day. Until the phone rang.
My daughter Caroline is putting her driver's permit to good use, always asking if there is any place I need to go, ever willing to drive me.
Just this past week, I once again had a meeting with school officials regarding Cort's on-going struggle with his health and how that pertains to his education.
I am decidedly a country girl from way back, but I confess to one odd trait that makes me look like a city kid in the biggest way.
"You often think that if you listen to what other people or situations require, you are being passive, even subordinate.
There is nothing quite so delightful as a child at play, imagination at full mast, evoking our own childhood past.
One of the most interesting segments of time in American history is one that few youth of today know anything about.


text:
Play Video
Jake Coco - Untitle (MP3 quality)
Posted by jakecco on Jun. 21, 2009
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
With the 4th of July around the corner, we celebrate the most kick-ass USA ...
Dude, are you drunk AND high? Or are you just being PRANKED?!
Posted by jakecco on Jun. 21, 2009


text:
All hotels in Bangkok, Thailand
1 room, 2 adults
168 Vibhawadee-Rangsit Road, Dindaeng, Bangkok, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, 800-491-6126
M2 de Bangkok, Bangkok
Lowest price
available on 07/19/15
Best Price Guarantee
4-star hotel with restaurant, near Chatuchak Weekend Market
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 57 guestrooms
- Restaurant
- Breakfast available
- Conference center
- Air conditioning
- Laundry service
What's around
- Chatuchak Weekend Market (1.6 mi / 2.6 km)
- Mansion 7 (1.4 mi / 2.3 km)
- La Villa Aree Shopping Mall (1.6 mi / 2.6 km)
Overall are good. only bed are shaking at night due to near highway.
was terrible experience with this hotel
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 3.5
From 40 reviews
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $35
- Deluxe Room
- Superior Room, 1 King Bed
- Suite, 1 King Bed, Corner
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 57 rooms
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- No pets or service animals allowed
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
Nearby Four Star Bangkok hotels
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Coffee shop/café
- 24-hour room service
Working away
- Business center
- Conference center
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
In the room
Home comforts
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
Freshen up
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- Satellite TV channels
- DVD player
Stay connected
- Free WiFi
- Phone
Food and drink
- Refrigerator
- In-room safe
Top Bangkok hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Bangkok
- Evergreen Laurel Hotel BangkokFrom
"very comfortable."Jun 22, 2015
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"The place is great for the price you pay. There is a little restaurant right next to the hotel, which is very convenient, because it has good and fresh food at a very good price,…"Jun 22, 2015
- alt hotel nanaFrom
- Chatrium Hotel Riverside BangkokFrom


text:
Videos tagged "Die Stadt Muzikanten"
Our Love is as Tall as the Calgary Tower02:59
40.4K Plays / 653 Likes / 15 Comments
Created by Darren Pasemko. Video for the song, 'Our Love is as Tall as the Calgary Tower' from Woodpigeon's album, Die Stadt Muzikanten.+ More details
4,040 Plays / 25 Likes / 3 Comments
Written and produced by Beau Lark + Jeff Way. Video for the song, 'Spirehouse' from Woodpigeon's album, Die Stadt Muzikanten. Shot in Alberta, Canada.+ More details
What are Tags?
Tags are keywords that describe videos. For example, a video of your Hawaiian vacation might be tagged with "Hawaii," "beach," "surfing," and "sunburn."


text:
Awesome!11/19/2011 3:53pm
I love that this song is available for download here. I love learning new music, in fact I consider myself a bit of a sheet music addict. I only wish I could go back and download a second copy as Im accompanying my friend for a talent show type event and she needs a copy.


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We stopped in the winery for a fund raiser on Friday night. Twisted Roots was there playing live, a great band for the atmosphere of Harbinger. The staff was friendly and...
read more
We stopped in the winery for a fund raiser on Friday night. Twisted Roots was there playing live, a great band for the atmosphere of Harbinger. The staff was friendly and helpful as always.
This is gonna be short. Stopped in to try their wines and found them to be not bad, but a bit overpriced. The place was typical tasting room decor, but had some middle of the road beers. We had some good tastings and the two ladies that helped us were good, one very experienced and the other new. They also...
Harbinger never fails to deliver great wine and when added to the experience of wine tasting at the winery in Port Angeles, WA my day was complete. The hostess that day was Kelly and she is fantastic, funny and informed. We try to go back to Harbinger every time we are in the area. Thanks for producing great wine and...
conveniently located at a place where you can rent bikes/kayaks (or take a tour), nice small warm/homey feeling tasting room. $5 (hubby and I split tasting ... after all, we were driving;)) with generous pours ... not spectacular, but good tasting: left with a bottle to enjoy on the rest of our vacation
very friendly atmosphere and all the reds were wonderful! Even their "ever day drinker" at $16 was wonderful. The staff was very knowledgeable.
We love this place... From showers to party's to just relaxing on a weekday at lunch w a tasting or a Friday date night... This is where we go! When Kelley is there serving or Dave the wine guy visiting its a fun fabulous time and we would definitely recommend it to anyone :)!!
We recently did a little wine tasting at Harbinger Winery in Port Angeles, WA and found the experience to excellent. That's because the wine is good but also because the intimate setting calls for interaction between guests and it is easy to meet new friends.
If you've not stopped at Harbinger lately, you're really missing out. I absolutely love the Cranberry Bliss; its a must have for Thanksgiving dinner. I'm making sure a bottle (or 2) is on my shopping list.
Returning to our Port Angeles cabin from Cape Flattery (worth the drive, weather permitting), we stopped at Harbinger's tasting room just before 6 PM. We explained we were leaving town the next day but really wanted to taste the wines based on the great things we had heard. Kudos to Kelley, who was pouring tastes that afternoon, for agreeing to...
Small western Washington winery that now also makes craft beers. I tasted wines and DH tasted beers. They had wonderful red wines (we're having 6 shipped to us) and the beers were enjoyed as well. Too bad it's so far from Texas!
Register now for free — and start getting automatic notification of new reviews, responding to traveler feedback, adding new photos to your listing and much more.


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to explore
sign up (free!)
Remember when you had to stop and take your picture next to the state welcome sign? It was the thing to do on a road trip. Arkansas General, Thanksarkansa Arkansas Awesome, Nature States, Thanksarkansasarkansa Awesome, Illness Travel, Official States, Births Place, U.S. States, Arkansas Prior
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The Old Mill in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It is in the opening scenes of Gone With the Wind.
I can't wait to see this next week!! I REALLY can't wait until I don't have to see it in my rear view mirror anymore. :/
"Cross Tree" Woodyardville Arkansas - ©toddmikelsmith - www.flickr.com/...
Arkansas, this looks like a creek that we used to go swimming in every summer. Had a great little island to sun on and cliffs to dive off of.
ARKANSAS Brooch - Lapel Pin / Pale Yellow - Beige / Upcycled 1915 Wood Jigsaw Puzzle Map Piece / Wearable History / OOAK
Ouachita National Forest: Little Missouri Falls - Small but scenic cascading waterfalls on the Little Missouri River. From Hot Springs, go west on U.S. 70 to Glenwood, continue to Salem. At Salem, turn right (west) on Ark. 84 to Langley & head north on Ark. 369 & follow signs to the falls. Several miles of gravel roads are required to reach the area but the walk to the falls is easy. #Arkansas #Ouachita #Hot_Springs #waterfall #falls #hiking #trails #national_forest #vacation #camping #South


text:
I have three tables:
DECLARE @UserTable TABLE(
[UserId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
UserName varchar(100))
DECLARE @UserRoles TABLE(
[UserRoleId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
RoleName varchar(100),
UserId int)
DECLARE @UserProjects TABLE(
[UserProjectId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
ProjectName varchar(100),
UserId int)
What I want to do, is that whenever I create a new record in
@UserTable, I want to take the ID from that record and create a new record in
@UserRoles and
@UserProjects. Inserting records on a one-by-one basis, I can use
SCOPE_IDENTITY to get the new ID, and then do the 2nd and 3rd inserts using the value from that...
But when I try to do this with something like 100 records being inserted into @UserTable, it won't work because it is a bulk insert. What is the best way to go about this? Use a cursor? I'm open to ideas, as I've never had to do this before...it would be simple with a
FOREACH loop, but as far as I know, SQL doesn't handle these in the same way we would expect Java or C# to, right?


text:
A former embattled Fairfield County anti-poverty agency will face creditors in bankruptcy proceedings Thursday morning. The defunct agency owes upwards of $3.500,000 but only has assets of less than $500,000. Among the largest debts are nearly $950,000 to Coventry Health and Life Insurance Company and more than $600,000 to the Connecticut Department of Labor.
This is the official web site of the WSHU Public Radio Group. Some links from these pages are not maintained by WSHU and are subject to change without notice. This Web site and its contents are © 2013 by WSHU, Fairfield, CT, and the respective copyright holders.


text:
Utility work starting today causes road closures on Carancahua Street
CORPUS CHRISTI - Construction starting Monday will cause road closures on Carancahua Street.
The City of Corpus Christi Traffic Engineering office advises residents that from Monday through Wednesday work crews will be doing utility work on Carancahua Street between Furman Avenue and Coleman Avenue.
Northbound traffic on Carancahua Street will be reduced to one lane through the work area. No parking on the street will be permitted on this section of Carancahua until the work is completed, according to officials.
Motorists should expect delays and are advised to seek alternate routes if possible. Access to local driveways will be maintained throughout the duration of the project.
For more information, please contact Traffic Engineering at 826-3547.
Subscribe to the Caller-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 7am-11am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Published: Friday, October 28, 2011 at 12:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, October 26, 2011 at 4:12 p.m.
LIAM SPENCER LANDON was born October 24, 2011 at Thomasville Community General to Brett and Donna Landon of Lexington. He weighed 6 pounds, 14 ounces at birth. Grandparents are Walt and Debra Tysinger of Lexington; Brad Landon of Garden City, MO; Linda Elston of Beaufort, SC.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Cool Whip Brand
Original recipe yields 12 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
I have made it 10 times and every time i made it, it always so good!
This sorbet was certainly very easy to make. The only changes I made were to add a bit of lemon zest with the raspberries and to put the mixture in my ice cream maker for 30 minutes before putt...
This was very easy, a bit pricey though and hard to calculate for a Canadian. Just so others know, in Canada, our cool whip tub comes in 1L, this means you need to use 3 cups of it for this reci...


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Restaurants in Rome
Sitting in the capital city, Rome restaurants reflects the best regional cuisines of Italy—northern, Sicilian, Florentine, Tuscan—in other words, plenty of pasta, fresh meat, seafood and lots of herbs. Try the finest Italian fare at some of the best restaurants in Rome.
Agata e Romeo, a husband-and-wife restaurant in Rome, does upscale takes on Roman classics. Highlights include rabbit croquettes; creatively rendered salt cod and shrimp wrapped in fried noodles. Try the greatest pizza bianca in Rome at Il Forno Roscioli, a traditional family bakery near the Campo de' Fiori market. Baked in an 1824 oven, the slim slabs of pizza dough have a springy crumb and a bubbly top that's moistened with olive oil and speckled with grains of coarse salt. Leave room for the apple-packed torta de mele and rustic pane di Lariano studded with raisins and walnuts. Traditional meets chic at Dal Bolognese. This Rome restaurant is where the beautiful people convene for rich classics such as lasagna verde or Bolognese veal cutlets. Here's a case where calling for a reservation backfires: you'll typically do better at getting a table if you just show up after 8.
Inexpensive, casual pizzerie are all over the city (and an integral eating experience on any trip to Rome), but few are as much fun as this one. Maybe it's the adorable and efficient waiters, or the giddily cheap tabs, but it always seems like a holiday at La Montecarlo.
Located on the first floor of the 16th-century palace of Beatrice Cenci at the edge of the old Jewish ghetto, this restaurant has a ghostly history.
Along the rustic Appian Way, the Sora Rosa restaurant—which has called itself an "oasis of flavor" since 1900—provides a respite from the bustle of Rome.
Located on a quiet side street in the Monti district, La Taverna dei Fori Imperiali (the Tavern of the Imperial Forum) is an unassuming, family-run restaurant just five minutes from the eponymous forum.
This Monti wine bar's motto liberate la gola (free your tastebuds) is reflected in its expansive selection of around 500 labels plus 70 Italian craft beers.
Soccer players, Hollywood stars, famous artists, and locals from the neighborhood all line up outside Pizzeria da Baffetto to wait patiently for a table to open up in the crammed rooms of one of Rome's most stalwart traditional pizzerie: open only at dinner (only tourists eat pizza at lunch), wit
Located in the plaza and bustling open-air market of the same name, Il Forno Campo de' Fiori specializes in piazza bianca, a flatbread sprinkled with sea salt and doused in extra-virgin olive oil.
Among the regulars at this friendly stalwart of cucina Romana, you'll find gussied-up old ladies alongside rockers in jeans and Kiss tour shirts—all of whom trust Il Matriciano to bring them unfussy versions of their favorite classic Roman country dishes.


text:
Top Definition
Quick form of "The European Union".
In the euro states you can watch tv but you need a license and have to pay something like € 260.
by Mahango July 19, 2009
2 more definitions
Informal way to say European Union.
Where are you from? I'm from the Euro States.
by Magnolia Fan 2009 July 19, 2009
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe, Middle East and America.
My mate John just came back from visiting the Euro States he said he had a great time.
by Euro Stater July 19, 2009


text:
Surprise! Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher Are Married
Like Brother, Like Sister! Compare Prince George's and Princess Charlotte's Portraits
How Will and Kate Are Keeping Royal Parenting Traditions Alive
17 Couples Who Have Split Up in 2015
Tim Riggins and Regina George Are Dating in Real Life, and It's Amazing
Here's Why Celebrity Couples Get Divorced After 10 Years
True Love? Taylor Kitsch and Rachel McAdams Are Dating
Selena Gomez Just Shut Down Diplo's Shade With Class
Naya Rivera Shows Off Her Pregnancy Physique in a Sexy Instagram
The Way They Were: 10 Years of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner's Relationship Moments
How Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner Are Approaching Life After Divorce
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner Split After 10 Years of Marriage


text:
OC3D Reviews ›› All
Asus Blitz Extreme P35 Socket 775 Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 16th August 2007
After the success of Asus' first P35 chipset motherboard, we've been given the opportunity to test the tweaked out "Republic of Gamers" version affectionately known as the Blitz. Will it come out all guns blazing or bomb it big time? Read on to find out.
XTracPads Ripper XL v2 Mouse Mat
Input Devices | 12th August 2007
Running out of mouse surface? Let's see if the XTracPads Ripper XL v2 can remedy your thirst for additional real-estate.
CellShock PC2-9200 (DDR2-1150) 2GB Kit
Memory | 8th August 2007
Just over 2 months ago we took a look at CellShock's PC2-6400 DDR2 kit. Today we're back again, but this time pushing their very sexy PC2-9200 kit to its limits.
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Star Citizen FPS Module Delayed
Mark Campbell | 30th June 2015
Star Citizen's FPS "Star Marine" module has been delayed as it "does not live up to the standards" the developer wants to achieve with Star Citizen.
Preorders for Early Launch Steam Hardware is Sold Out
Mark Campbell | 30th June 2015
Pre-orders for Early Launch Steam Hardware has Sold Out.
AMD lets you Customize your R9 Fury X
Mark Campbell | 30th June 2015
AMD has just released a 3D Model for the R9 Fury X's front plate, allowing you to customize your R9 Fury X to your liking.
Microsoft may be interested in buying AMD
Mark Campbell | 30th June 2015
Microsoft may be interested in buying AMD. But would a Microsoft owned AMD be good for the Industry?
XFX 8400 GS 256mb
GPU & Displays | 7th August 2007
Are you in need of a card packed with features, DirectX 10 support and cheap as chips? Perhaps the XFX 8400 GS is for you. Read on to find out more...
Tagan 2-Force II TG700-U33 700w PSU
PSUs | 2nd August 2007
Today we'll be taking a look at one of the latest 700w PSU's to roll out of the factory doors at Tagan. The TG700-U33 boasts quad rails, silent operation and a good price point, but will it deliver the goods during our tests.
Abit IP35 Pro Intel socket 775 Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 30th July 2007
Abit have gone from strength to strength since their new start and they have now released a board based on the Intel P35 chipset. We take it through it's paces in our labs
Skullcandy G.I Rasta Stereo Headphones
Audio | 23rd July 2007
What do you get when you cross a pair of DJ headphones with Joseph's technicolour dreamcoat? The G.I Rasta headphones from Skullcandy of course! Read on to find out more...
Gainward Bliss 8800 Ultra
GPU & Displays | 18th July 2007
nVidia sealed their place as the current king of the GPU market when they released the 8800 Ultra. We take a look at Gainwards take on this speed demon...
Nvidia's G-Sync Pendulum Demo is now available to Download
Mark Campbell | 29th June 2015
Nvidia's G-Sync Pendulum Demo is now available to Download.
Thermaltaking it too far?
Mark Campbell | 29th June 2015
It seems that Thermaltake have done it again, showing off an all new design. Does it look familiar to anyone?
Legacy 3DMARK Benchmarks Now Free for Everyone
Mark Campbell | 29th June 2015
Futuremark, the creators of the popular benchmarking tools, 3DMARK and PCMARK have just made their retired/ unsupported benchmarks free to use.
Samsung to Re-Enable Windows Update this Week
Mark Campbell | 29th June 2015
Samsung are going to Re-Enable Windows Update this Week after it was revealed that they were automatically disabling Windows Update for their users.
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Batman: Arkham Knight mod unlocks ten playable characters
Mark Campbell | 29th June 2015
A new Batman: Arkham Knight PC mod unlocks ten playable characters, which includes Red Hood, Nightwing, the joker and Catwoman. Let's hope the PC version gets fixed soon.


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Jefferson Adams is a freelance writer living in San Francisco. His poems, essays and photographs have appeared in Antioch Review, Blue Mesa Review, CALIBAN, Hayden's Ferry Review, Huffington Post, the Mississippi Review, and Slate among others.
He is a member of both the National Writers Union, the International Federation of Journalists, and covers San Francisco Health News for Examiner.com.
I cut corners even further by dashing out for my favorite french fries while the mussels finish simmering.
1 tablespoon olive oil
3 pounds of fresh, high quality mussels
1 cup of dry white wine
1 cup of chicken stock
2 tablespoons minced parsley
1 cup sliced shallots
2 cloves of garlic
2 tablespoons butter
Dash of fresh cream
Lemon wedges
Wash the mussels thoroughly, discarding any broken shell or dead mussels. Preheat a large pot to medium heat and add the olive oil and butter.
Once the butter has melted, add the sliced shallots, a little salt, and pepper then saute for 5 minutes. Add the garlic and cook for another minute. Add wine, chicken stock and mussels, then cover the pot.
Steam the mussels for about 10 minutes or until all the mussels open. Discard any mussels that do not open. Stir in cream and parsley. Season to taste and serve with lemon wedges and french fries or fried potatoes.