text:
All What's New
- Today
- Past 7 Days
- Past Month
- Past Year
- Specific Date Range
- Feature Story (102)
- Loans & Credits (15)
- Opinion (9)
- Press Release (163)
- Publication (5)
- Results (5)
- Annual Report (8)
- Brief (19)
- ESMAP Paper (6)
- Journal Article (1)
- Newsletter (2)
- Viewpoint (1)
- Working Paper (27)
- Date
WB/Jamaica: Improved Public Finances and Investment Climate Are Key Goals for New $130 million Loan
WASHINGTON, December 12, 2013- The World Bank Board of Directors approved today a $130 million Development Policy Loan with Jamaica which aims to promote economic stability, debt sustainability and im... Show More +
Unlocking the economic potential of the Caribbean diaspora
The report provides other recommendations for interventions that are designed for the Caribbean as a whole. Chief among these is the creation of an online marketplace that connects diaspora inve... Show More +
Latin America: Entrepreneurs' lack of innovation curbs creation of quality jobs
Lack of innovationLatin American firms develop new products less frequently than their counterparts in other developing regions. In fact, in Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico and Venezuela this rate of product... Show More +
World Bank: Understanding Latin America's Shortage of Innovative Entrepreneurs
Chief Economist for Latin America and business leaders will discuss successes and challenges for the region's private sector at Wall Street Journal event MIAMI, Florida, Dec. 5, 2013 – Latin America a... Show More +
In Grenada, nutmeg heads up an economic revolution
Protection against natural disasters While there is little farmers in Grenada can do against inclement weather in a region extremely exposed to natural phenomena, the project aims to alleviate potenti... Show More +
Digital Jam Goes Regional
KINGSTON, Jamaica, November 22, 2013 – Digital Jam 3.0 "Caribbean Edition", which builds on the success of last year's Digital Jam 2.0, is announcing today the opening of its new App competition and a... Show More +
A mobile app that could save your life in a hurricane
A competition for IT-savvy youthsM.A.D.E. was selected as the winner for the Caribbean in the VentureOut Challenge on Nov. 1, 2013. Launched by the World Bank's infoDev and CRDF Global, an inter... Show More +
Can you imagine a Caribbean minus its beaches? It's not science fiction, it's climate change
What are the problems?To begin with, there is more flooding to come. In Santo Domingo, for example, the poorest and already affected by flooding. Many live along the edge of the Ozama river and on its... Show More +
Doing business 2014 : Caribbean States
This regional profile presents the Doing Business indicators for economies in Caribbean States. It also shows the regional average, the best performance globally fo... Show More +
The Caribbean diaspora : a source for venture investment?
Customized ICT solutions for Caribbean growth
Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs - are seen as a key driver of economic growth, however major gaps in ICT infrastructure are hampering competitiveness efforts in the Caribbean, accord... Show More +
Caribbean: Equipping youth with life skills for a brighter future
Improving HFLE teachingSo what can be done to convince teaching staff of the class' value? That was the challenge set to educators from 14 CARICOM countries along with representatives from the IDB, Wo... Show More +
Future looks bright for food production in Latin America and Caribbean
Looking forwardSo does this mean that LAC is on the right track to become a food powerhouse? Yes and no. The study, "Agricultural exports from Latin America and the Caribbean: harnessing trade to feed... Show More +
In spite of pessimism, Latin America can use exchange rate to manoeuvre through economic slowdown
Slower growth, but still growing2013 will be a good year for the Peruvian and Panamanian economies. By far the region's Latin America's star performers for 2013, it's expected they will post growth fi... Show More +
World Bank: Latin America's Economy Is Decelerating but, in a Historic Shift, Currencies Now Provide Lift
Exchange rate acts as shock absorber and economic booster In spite of 2.5 % expected growth, pessimism over LAC's future unwarranted Small countries with less flexible currencies need to find fi... Show More +
Remittances to Latin America grow, but Mexico bucks the trend faced with the US slowdown
Remittances in Latin AmericaToday, it's estimated that 26 million Latin Americans work abroad, the majority of whom have moved to the US. As a result, three quarters of the money sent to Latin America... Show More +
A Balanced Caribbean path to shared prosperity is possible
The solution is not to close themselves, but to be more open and implementing fundamental changesthat will increase resilience . The risk of not establishing strong fundamentals now is that when... Show More +
Latin America: Facing off climate change with green innovation
'Greening' Latin America For the past 20 years Latin America has been at the forefront of biodiversity protection. One fifth of the region's land has been set aside for conservation, a total which far... Show More +
How to improve quality of education in the Caribbean for the next generation?
How to prepare students for the future?Closing the digital skills gap will be key if graduates are to flourish in the quickly evolving Caribbean labor market. As traditional trades and sources o... Show More +
Time to Move to a More Sustainable Growth Model
The region's macroeconomic stability is significantly challenged from the outside. We heard from Professor Gregorio that openness is positive, and has brought benefits to the Caribbean by way of forei... Show More +


text:
Item in product family
Item in product family
Call us 7 days a week
Item #: WBB630384
Sold By: Elite Fixtures
Ships in 1 - 4 days Estimated lead times do not include weekends or holidays. Transit time is determined by shipping method and destination. Orders requiring credit information might take additional time.
0 reviews | Write a review
with FREE shipping today! (within the contiguous US)
Frequently Purchased Together
Tcp 801027 27w Springlight- Cfl Bulb - Pkg Qty 12
Not Yet Rated
Sold in packages of 12
Product Specifications
Customers Who Viewed This Also Viewed
Landmark 69040-1 Schoolhouse 1-Light Pendant, Satin Nickel - 15H X 17W
Free Shipping
Not Yet Rated

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hitachi Jobs in London
Jobs 1 to 4 of 4
Backup and Recovery Specialist - IBM TSM - Investment Bank
London -
Hays IT - Uk Posting account
A top Investment Bank, ranked by Bloomberg as one of the largest in the world, is actively seeking a Backup and Recovery specialist to join their business in London on a permanent, staff basis... They are undergoing a sustained period of growth within their Technology department in London due to...
Salary: £60000.00 - £68000.00 per annum + packagePosted: 11 days ago
TSM / Tivoli Storage Manager Specialist
City of London -
Deerfoot IT
Skills / Environment: IBM TSM / Tivoli Storage Manager. Windows / Linux. Cisco MDS. Data Domain / Hitachi / EMC Storage. Role Overview: Responsible for the support, maintenance and management of the EMEA TSM (Tivoli Storage Manager) environment. Be the technical SME for the Project to upgrade from TSM v5 to v6... Ensure Backup capacity...
Salary: £60000 - £70000 per annum + bonus + bensPosted: 24 days ago
Big Data Hadoop Administrator
London -
Hays IT - Uk Posting account
Automation of administration tasks using Chef, Salt Stack and Unix shell script. Unix Administration... Experience with Unix shell scripting and programming in Java... Desirable: Red Hat Certified Engineer and Cloudera Certified Hadoop Administrator certifications. Desirable: Experience with Big data technologies on cloud , Amazon EMR , Hadoop Map Reduce, Hive, Sqoop, Oozie...
Salary: £70000 - £85000 per annum + BonusPosted: 12 days ago
Oracle Business Intelligence Specialists
London -
Hays IT - Uk Posting account
You will work on challenging & demanding projects, with a focus on business intelligence, information management & analytics using oracle technologies... Project Management and Business Development... Strong business intelligence, enterprise data management or analytics background. Strong oracle business intelligence experience... Strong team player & interpersonal skills Skills Required: OLAP & Reporting using either OBIEE,...
Salary: £40000.00 - £95000.00 per annumPosted: 11 days ago


text:
The Campus Recreation Center pool is a six lane, L-shape pool that runs 25 yards by 25 meters. The shallow end of the pool is three and a half feet deep and the diving well is 13 feet deep. Typically, we try to have four lanes available for lap swimming. In addition, the following equipment is available in the pool area: kick boards, pull buoys, fins, paddles, noodles, foam dumbbells and barbells, water polo ball, and miscellaneous pool toys. A handicap lift is available to assist patrons into the water upon request, just ask any lifeguard for help!
The CRC pool also has three competition diving boards -- two one-meter boards and one three-meter board. The diving boards are only open for CRC patron use during Saturday pool hours, 11 a.m.-3 p.m. The boards and lap lanes are available for rentals or practices.
For more information please review the rental rates on the Facility Rental page and/or call (859) 572-6191.


text:
: Prospect Info:
2013 NHL Draft Thread
View Single Post
Global Moderator
Just bought a new
Join Date: Jul 2002
Location: Lamborghini
Posts: 14,886
vCash: 500
Originally Posted by
I just don't understand why we can't spend some assets to get a top 5 pick. This isn't like the Crosby draft where there is a clear far and away #1. Mackinnon, Jones, and Barkov are all arguably in competition for first overall honors, and guys like Monahan, Shinkaruk, and Drouin are all trying to push themselves into the top 5. We have 3 first round picks and enough defensive depth to package an asset (one of moore, savard, Erixon) if we need to. Maybe its just me but I'd rather have a top 5 and a mid level first rounder than 3 mid level first rounders.
There are a number of elite offensive prospects at the top of draft, and we have the opportunity to grab a pair of top 10 maybe even top 5 picks. Would you rather have the 4th and 7th overall picks or have Moore the 4th, 15th and 23rd overall picks?
Seeing as...
1. This draft is considered the deepest in a decade, especially offensively.
2. The forward corps is really lacking in young, offensive guys (not much beyond Johansen and Atkinson)
3. Moore is really playing well down in Springfield.
...I'd rather not trade up.
Truth should never get in the way of a good persecution complex.
View Public Profile
Samkow's albums
Find More Posts by Samkow


text:
Top 3 management tools used by GCC organisations
Does your company use these?July 6, 2015 12:00
Register for our free newsletter
Philippines confirms second MERS case
Abu Dhabi's Dana Gas hits 9-wk high after wins Kurdistan case
Saudi Telecom Co to pay Q2 dividend of 1 riyals/share
UAE non-oil business growth slows to 22-month low in June
MIDEAST STOCKS-Gulf likely to be subdued by oil price drop, Greece
Abu Dhabi's TAQA drops 5.4 pct after saying no merger talks
Qatar's Doha Bank raises 2 bln riyal Tier 1 capital-boosting bond
Dubai's Drake & Scull increases GCC ownership limit to 100 pct
Abu Dhabi's TAQA says not holding merger talks
Gold languishes below $1,170 ahead of U.S. jobs data
Prince Alwaleed boasts of his celebrity friends to Time journalist.
September 24, 2008 2:24 by kippreport
In colorful profiles like Time's recent Ramadan sit-down with Prince Alwaleed bin-Talal, it's often the buried details that make the piece, like the fact that the richest man in the Arab world is a vegetarian and only eats sugar-free desserts.
At a camp outside Riyadh, where the prince holds his weekly majlis and gives out chunks of cash – always at least 2,000 Saudi Riyals (about $560) to each supplicant – he suddenly starts acting like a teenager showing off his latest toys.
When CNBC's Maria Bartiromo appeared on the screen, the Prince was suddenly animated. "I know her very well," he said. "Look, I'll send her a message now, and she will write back." His punched an SMS message on his Motorola, and sure enough, 10 minutes later, Bartiromo replied. Alwaleed chuckled and settled back on his cushions. He showed the journalists some photographs stored in his cellphone. "This is me with Bashar Assad," he said. "And me with Steve Balmer and Bill Gates."
As though we needed to be convinced of the Prince Alwaleed's VIP credentials.
Boomtown no more?
September 24 2008
Shuaa fined Dh3.5m for share manipulation
September 25 2008


text:
Infant Bodysuits
Babies are the most precious part of our lives: parents will go to any length to ensure their child is healthy and happy. So, it's only natural that parents demand children's clothing that is both fashionable and free of harmful materials. Organic kids' clothing, spiced up with a lovable animal applique, is what you need. Look no further than the organic cotton baby clothes in the Cate & Levi collection. We understand at Cate & Levi that kids deserve only the best. Our short sleeved baby onesie is made of 100% organic cotton to provide peace of mind. This attractive onesie allows parents to dress their little one without the fear of toxic or hazardous elements that non-organic clothing may contain. Our organic baby clothes are fashionable, comfortable and well made. We offer short sleeved baby onesies with a variety of animal appliques to choose from. At Cate & Levi we are committed to producing organic cotton baby clothes that are also eco-friendly clothes. To ensure only eco-friendly clothing, we source materials for our organic kids? clothes as close to home as possible, minimizing our environmental impact and doing our part for the planet?s future. Your little one deserves the absolute best children?s clothing. Buy an organic baby onesie for your kid. Browse our collection to find organic baby clothes with the perfect blend of fashion sense and environmental consciousness.
At Sunfood we are on a quest to help you discover the healing, energy and longevity power within you. We do this through education and the most nutrient dense, raw, organic, Non-GMO, superfoods on the planet.
Care Instructions:
Machine wash warm. Dry low.
Country Of Origin: Canada
Generic Size: 3-6 months
Identity Package Type: frustration_free
Material Fabric1: organic cotton
Material Fabric2: reclaimed wool
Material Type: organic cotton
Material Type Free: Lead Free
Maximum Manufacturer Age Recommended: 99
Maximum Manufacturer Age Recommended Unit Of Measure: years
Minimum Manufacturer Age Recommended: 0
Minimum Manufacturer Age Recommended Unit Of Measure: years
Specification Met: ASTM Safety Tested
Target Audience: baby
Target Gender: unisex
Continue Shopping:Cate and Levi Onesies


text:
Crock Pot Freezer Meals Part 3 - *Here are a few more of my favorite crock pot freezer meals (click here for Part 1 and Part 2)* *QUINOA CHILI* In crock pot or zip lock: - 1 (28 oz) can c...
2 weeks ago
Thanks for stopping by !
Those are teeny things! I bet their stings still hurt though. :)
This is a link to information about Australian Native Bees. Out of 1600 species there are 14 stingless ones. These look like stingless, found around the Brisbane area.
Good work Bonnie.
© Blogger template 'Photoblog' by Ourblogtemplates.com 2008
Back to TOP


text:
A method for decoding F2F signals as well as a device for decoding F2F signals read from a magnetic data carrier is provided. The signal read from the card by a magnetic reading head is amplified by an amplifier with a very high gain, discriminated in a discrimination and integration station to receive a binary looking signal. Out of this digitized signal in a reference time acquisition station a start-up time value is set and a phase is estimated to determine the correct end of a bit cell in a phase estimating station. In a symbol correlation station the received binary signal is correlated with all possible symbol combinations based on the estimated phase to create a correct bit stream. This bit stream might be processed further by a bit recovery station providing a corrected bit stream ready for interpretation.
1. Method for decoding F2F signals that are read from a magnetic data carrier with the help of a magnetic reading head, comprising the following steps:
a) amplifying the analog signal read by said magnetic reading head using an amplifier of very high gain;
b) discriminating said analog signal by applying a clip level to generate a received digital signal (r(t)) out of said analog signal;
c) estimating the phase of said digital signal relative to a certain reference point (start-up time value) for determining the end of a bit cell to generate an estimation interval; and
d) correlating said received digital signal against all possible symbol combinations during a correlation interval, wherein said correlation is performed with overlapping symbol sequences, overlapping at least for one bit, to consider margin conditions by including immediately preceding correlation results.
2. Method as in claim 1, wherein said phase estimation in step c) is performed by a minimum distance estimation using a reference phase as start point and determining a flux change that comes closest to the reference phase as the end of the bit cell.
3. Method as in claim 1, wherein said phase estimation in step c) is performed by an optimum phase estimation using an estimation interval of several bit cell lengths in which the sum of acquired time values (T(i))--measured between two adjacent flux changes--is compared to any sum of reference time values (R(j)) until the difference between these two sums is less than a decision bound b.
4. Method as in claim 1, wherein said correlation interval (I) is greater than just the last estimated phase and includes at least the immediate preceding estimation interval.
5. Method as in claim 1, wherein the result of the previous correlation is used as a start-up value for the integration which is performed for said symbol correlation.
6. Method as in claim 1, wherein the length of said correlation interval is at least the length of said estimated phase.
7. Method as in claim 1, wherein the length of the estimation interval includes a plurality of possible symbol combinations.
8. Method as in claim 1, wherein in a banking application after a symbol detection of a bit stream a bit recovery is performed, using the Length Record Character (LRC) together with the Start of Message (SOM), the End of Message (EOM) characters, and an additional odd parity bit.
9. Method as in claim 8, wherein the result of the parity check calculation and/or the LRC check calculation serves as a decision criterion to repeat the phase estimation and correlation with a modified procedure and/or parameters.
10. Device for decoding signals coded in F2F manner on a magnetic data carrier comprising:
A) a reading station including a magnetic reading head for reading magnetically recorded signals to generate analog head signals;
B) an amplifier station with a very high gain for amplifying said analog head signals;
C) a discriminating and integrating station for generating a discriminated and binary looking signal;
D) a reference time acquisition station for setting a fixed or variable start-up time value;
E) a phase estimating station for estimating the correct end of a bit cell beginning from said start-up time value, and
F) a symbol correlation station for correlating the received binary signal stream (r(t)) with all possible symbol combinations (ui(t)) based on said estimated phase for generating a bit stream, wherein said symbol correlation station contains an overlap decoder for correlating the signals under inclusion of previous correlation results.
11. Device as in claim 10, wherein said amplifier station comprises a low pass filter.
12. Device as in claim 10, wherein said phase estimating station includes a minimum distance estimation circuit.
13. Device as in claim 10, wherein said phase estimating station includes an optimum phase estimator.
14. Device as in claim 10, further comprising a bit recovery station for recovering a miss-read bit from the correlated bit stream.
15. Device as in claim 10, further comprising a device for determining the quality of the decoded data and, if the quality is below a certain standard, starting decoding again with modified parameters.
16. Device as in claim 15, further comprising a compare station for determining the decoding quality of all concurrently applied stations each having used modified parameters for finally selecting the best decoded signal.
17. Method for decoding F2F signals that are read from a magnetic data carrier with the help of a magnetic reading head, comprising the following steps:
a) amplifying the analog signal read by said magnetic reading head using an amplifier of very high gain;
b) discriminating said analog signal by applying a clip level to generate a received digital signal (r(t)) out of said analog signal;
c) estimating the phase of said digital signal relative to a certain reference point (start-up time value) for determining the end of a bit cell to generate an estimation interval; and
d) correlating said received digital signal against all possible symbol combinations during a correlation interval by integrating over the correlation interval (T) the product of a possible symbol combination (ui(t))--a sample--and said received digital signal (r(t)) ##EQU2## whereby this integration results in a number, performing this integration for all possible symbol combinations, and selecting the maximum result as the one coming closest to the real symbol.
18. Method as in claim 17, wherein in selecting the maximum result the absolute value of the correlation is selected.
19. Method for decoding F2F signals that are read from a magnetic data carrier with the help of a magnetic reading head, comprising the following steps:
a) amplifying the analog signal read by said magnetic reading head using an amplifier of very high gain;
b) discriminating said analog signal by applying a clip level to generate a received digital signal (r(t)) out of said analog signal;
c) estimating the phase of said digital signal relative to a certain reference point (start-up time value) for determining the end of a bit cell to generate an estimation interval; and
d) correlating said received digital signal against all possible symbol combinations during a correlation interval by multiplying two signals (ul(t), u2(t)) as binary signals of the same signal level (+1 or -1) to form a third signal (s(t)), said third signal being integrated over an estimation interval (T) by simply calculating the difference of the time where the function is on the same level with that time where the function is on the different level ##EQU3##
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for decoding F2F signals that are read from a magnetic data carrier, preferably a card carrying magnetic stripe (magnetic card), with the help of a magnetic read head. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for decoding signals coded in F2F manner contained on a magnetic data carrier.
2. Description of Related Art
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,626,670 a method and system for decoding time-varying two-frequency (F2F), coherent phase-data, such as data from the stripe on a magnetic stripe-bearing medium is known which includes detecting flux intervals at the beginning of a bit cell of such data. This method further includes the timing of the length of such a bit cell with a clock or counter, digitally determining the average length of at least the two bit cells immediately preceding the cell being measured and digitally determining whether or not another flux reversal lies at or near the mid-point of the bit cell being decoded. Besides the fact that this known method differs structurally from the method used in the present invention, it seems also to be very sensitive to misinterpreting amplified noise or signal distortions that indicate cell boundaries where no cell boundaries are provided.
From U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,626 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,662 a method and apparatus is known for reading F2F coded data. The method and apparatus include means for simultaneously or separately accommodating both variable velocity scan or distorted reception conditions in the coded data or other variations in the spacing of transition signals in the recorded indicia. Frequency variations in transmitted data are accommodated. Correct interpretation of frequency-distorted transmitted data is made possible by optimizing the re-scanning time-point either out of F1 or F2. This known method and apparatus follows a different solution than the one presented by the present invention.
In the European patent application EP-A- 0 441 280 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,168,275, filed in the U.S. on Feb. 7, 1990) a method and apparatus for decoding two-frequency (F2F) data signals is described. There a two-frequency data signal, also known as a bi-phase or F2F signal, is accurately decoded by sampling the signal and digitizing the samples to provide a series of digital values representing the signal. An intelligent digital filter manipulates the digital values to decode the signal, by detecting the peak in the sample of the signal and decoding the signal by analyzing the location and amplitudes of the peaks. Only peaks which are outside a guard-band may be detected. If the signal cannot be properly decoded with a wide guard-band, the guard-band may be repeatedly narrowed, until a minimum guard-band is reached. Bits are identified by comparing the displacements between peaks to a bit cell width. An even number of displacements indicates a "0" bit, and an odd number of displacements indicates a "1" bit. Once a bit is decoded, the bit cell width is incremented by a predetermined amount if the decoded bit cell width is narrower than the current bit cell width. If no peaks are found within a maximum allowable bit cell width, this area is delimited as bad. An attempt is made to decode the bits in the bad area by analyzing all peaks without regard to a guard-band. After decoding, the bits are converted into bytes. Parity and longitudinal redundancy code checks are used to correct bad bits. During decoding, many indications of a degraded signal may be obtained. If a degraded signal is indicated, the host computer is notified, even if the signal was properly read. Card replacement can then be initiated at the first signs of signal degradation before the data signal becomes unreadable. The present invention follows a different method in signal decoding.
The signal quality of F2F encoded data is often bad. For example, frequent usage of a magnetic stripe card in financial applications(e.g., cash feeding at cash issuing terminals, payments at point of sales terminals, payment at gasoline stations, or use in a telephone cell for paying the bill), impacts very much on the signal quality of the magnetic stripe card. Therefore, amplitude fade and jitter may generate retries to read the card which further degrades the magnetic stripe. Sometimes the data on the card cannot be read any more. Different effects are responsible for the reduced quality of the read signal: fading, jitter, signal drop-outs or so-called glitches which represent additional spikes in the digitized signal.
It is the object of the present invention to present a method and a device which is able to recover the correct signal as far as possible even under very difficult circumstances of weak magnetic signals and signal distortions within the digitized signal.
This object as well as other objects are advantageously solved by the invention in using the features laid down in the independent method and device claims.
Further advantageous developments are laid down in the respective sub-claims.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the accompanying drawings, description of the invention, and appended claims.
In the description that follows, the invention and details of the invention will be described in connection with examples shown in the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 shows a magnetic stripe card with three tracks;
FIG. 2 shows the track-structure according to ISO (International Standard Organization);
FIG. 3 shows typical read decoding circuitry which is used in the prior art and signals pertaining to different stages;
FIG. 4 shows schematically the phase definition of an F2F encoding technique;
FIG. 5 shows in FIG. 5A to 5D four different distortions in the discriminated signals representing jitter, glitches, fail-outs and fading;
FIG. 6 shows a further example of a discriminated signal containing different signal distortions;
FIG. 7 shows the symbol set for the F2F encoding technique;
FIG. 8 shows the state diagram for the F2F coding technique;
FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of the decoding method and mechanism in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9A shows in a block diagram a possible realization of the phase estimator shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 10 shows one example of the phase estimation in accordance with the present invention incorporating the minimum distance approach;
FIG. 11 shows another example of the phase estimation in accordance with the present invention following the decision criteria approach;
FIG. 12 shows schematically a block diagram of a matched filter bank and a maximum selector used for signal correlation;
FIG. 13 shows schematically different examples for values in the symbol correlation stage;
FIG. 14 shows schematically a simplified version of a matched filter and a correlator;
FIG. 15 shows schematically the multiplication of two functions depicted in time diagrams;
FIG. 16 shows schematically an example of the overlap estimation; and
FIG. 17 shows schematically an example for the overlap requirement in the signal correlation stage.
First for a better understanding of the invention and its overall application, a card 1 containing a magnetic stripe with three tracks will described in more detail. This magnetic card 1 is an example for a magnetic data carrier on which F2F-signals are encoded.
Typically on a magnetic identification card, such as card 1 shown in FIG. 1, three tracks may be found. In financial applications, track 2, 3 in FIG. 1 is normally read only, while track 3, referenced as 4 in FIG. 1, is capable of being written-on to save the current transaction data, for example, the data of the last money transaction from a money dispensing unit. Therefore, track 3 is exposed to identification card readers in banking applications and therefore is the most probable source for producing bad signal quality.
Track 2, referenced as 3 in FIG. 1, is never written-on. Thus, if electromagnetic signals interfere with the signal quality on this track, no attempt is made to rewrite the track to improve signal quality.
In accordance with the standard values set by the International Standard Organization (ISO), the bit density is 210 BPI (bits per inch) on track 1, 75 BPI on track 2, and 210 BPI on track 3. There are low coercivity cards with about 32,000 A/m (400 Oerstead) for most applications, but there are also high coercivity cards with about 480,000 A/m (6000 Oerstead) for certain applications.
A typical track structure in accordance with the ISO standards shown in FIG. 2, starting with a field 5 containing synchronization zeros. Then follows a field 6 containing the start of message SOM signal, followed by a data field 7 containing the data to be used. The data field is followed by the end of message EOM field 8 which is followed by a field 9 containing the length of record character LRC. The last field 10 is again a field containing synchronization zeros. In the data field 7 of track 3 with a bit density of 210 BPI, there is enough space for about 700 bits.
Typical read and decoding circuitry is schematically shown in FIG. 3. A magnetic head 11 reads the tracks or one track respectively and acquires the analog signal at a level of usually several millivolts. Old heads may cause glitches in writing the signal on the card. They also produce amplitude fading. The signals detected by magnetic head 11 are amplified and passed through a low pass filter in the amplifier station 12. The amplifier increases the input voltage of,usually several millivolts to a level of about 5 volts. The included low pass filter removes high frequency interference. In box 15 above the output line of amplifier 12 an example is shown representative of the analog head signal. It shows positive and negative rectangular peaks arranged on both sides of the groundline.
The low pass filter included in amplifier 12 can be optimized for optimum filtering. This requires expensive hardware including analog digital converter and digital signal processors. In most cases it is not supportable to implement sophisticated filter algorithms into the amplifier. Therefore, typically a sharp analog filter, for example a four-pole filter, will be used. The filtering in the amplifier will not be considered furthermore in connection with the present invention.
The signal amplified and filtered by station 12 is input to station 13 which includes a discriminator and an integrator. The discriminator generates the digital form of the analog input by applying a clip level. It normally consists of a level detector and an hysteresis to avoid transition noise which is generated at the switching level of the discrimination. There, very small signal noise may precipitate output toggling. The discriminated signal shown schematically in box 16 above the output line of station 13 is input to station 14. This station 14 forms the decoder which decodes the discriminated signal into a stream of "0" and/or "1" resulting in the desired bit stream.
The F2F encoding technique and the related phase definition is shown in FIG. 4. In the F2F (frequency--double frequency) coding technique a bit cell is defined to be of the same length for both a "0" and a "1". This is shown in FIG. 4. Within the bit cell of a "1" a polarity change of the signal indicates the information Regarding the bit cell for a "1" it can also be interpreted as if the frequency of the rectangular wave is changed to be double as high for the "1" as for the "0". FIG. 4 shows three bit cells "0", "1" and "0". Each bit cell describes one bit having regular phases TO each. The term "phase" is also used as the time value between two bit value changes. Independent from the acquired bit, "0" or "1", the phase will be the value between the reference for an acquired "0 ". This is always the length of a bit cell for a "0" and "1". The shown time TO can be seen as the phase for each bit and the phase is equal to the length of a bit cell.
In connection with FIG. 5, consisting of FIG. 5A to 5D, four different signal faults or distortions at the level of the discriminated signal are discussed. In FIG. 5A jitter is shown. This jitter is indicated by the time value dT by which the phase length of the first bit cell "0" is shortened with regard to the value T1. The time value T2 of the first half of the second bit cell "1" is lengthened by that same time variation dT. Each acquired time value may have a certain jitter distortion in the discriminated signal. Since jitter is the time difference between an acquired time of two adjacent flux transitions and its default value, the default value is defined. This is also known as the relative error of the time acquisition. Obviously the default value is different for a "0" and a "1", by definition of the F2F decoding method the default value for a "0" is twice the default value of a "1". Jitter may be caused by worn-out read/write heads, inhomogeneities in the magnetic card material, amplitude fades and diffractions, peak shift effects, or other factors. The peak shift effect is when reading bits cells with higher density result in a signal wherein bit cells have slightly expanded into areas of lower density or with other words: a short time value becomes larger and a large time value becomes shorter.
In FIG. 5B so-called glitches 17 are contained in each bit cell, one in the first "0", one in the first half of the "1" and two in the third bit cell, again a "0". Those glitches 17 are small peaks within the acquired signal. They are mainly caused by a write operation for a machine with a worn-out head. Sometimes the design of a high amplifying analog circuit may cause glitches if the magnetization of the card is noisy.
FIG. 5C shows a fail-out or drop-out 18. Those fail-outs or drop-outs may result from an amplitude which is too small to be acquired or if two or more consecutive flux transitions are not recognized anymore. Those fail-outs or drop-outs are the most severe distortions on the card as they impact immediately the information content of the signal. If the loss of information exceeds the system imminent redundancy then the error probability for the decoded bit is 0.5.
FIG. 5D shows the fading phenomena. In fading, the phase changes during acquisition of the signal. That means, for the example as shown in FIG. 5D, that the second and third bit cell "1" and "0" are shorter than the first bit cell. The fading effect is typical for cards being encoded manually(i.e., the card is wiped through a reader by the hand of a user). If this wiping operation changes the velocity and those changes cannot be eliminated by the encoding system, then the bit density on the card varies and so does the phase.
The above mentioned faults in the signal (i.e., jitter, glitches, fail-outs and fading), pose error problems in the decoding. One of the advantages of the present invention is that the error probability due to those faults and distortions in the decoded signal will be minimized. It is a further advantage of the invention that the system redundancy is used to recover lost information.
The symbol set shown in FIG. 7 shows valid signals for the F2F coding scheme. In the uppermost line two possible symbols for a "0" are shown consisting of a low level signal and a high level signal of the frequency F. The two symbols for a "1" are shown in the lower line, namely a low level followed by a high level of the second frequency 2F and a high level followed by a low level equally of the frequency 2F.
In FIG. 8 a diagram is shown which shows the different states for the F2F coding scheme. In the upper left corner in box 19 the symbol UOR is shown representing the signal value U for the bit value "0" beginning with the rising edge. A transition to a "1" is possible from this symbol going to the right hand upper corner box 20 showing the symbol U1F representing the "1" starting with a falling edge. This symbol can be repeated within itself to show a "1" again. From there continuing in a clock-wise direction the next transition might be a "0" shown in the bottom right box 21 and indicated by the symbol UOF. It shows the "0" beginning with a falling edge. From there the next transition with the value "1" is shown in box 22 and indicated by U1R starting with the rising edge for the representation of a "1". Again this symbol can be repeated within itself with the next value for a "1". Going from box 22 to box 19 the transition is possible from U1R to UOR with a "0" It is also possible, as indicated by the double arrow line "0", that the symbol shown in box 21 can follow the symbol shown in box 19, and vice versa.
Regarding the possible transitions it is obvious that UOR to UOR, UOF to UOF, UOR to U1R, UOF to U1F and U1R to UOF, U1F to UOR, U1R to U1F, U1F to U1R, are transitions which are not allowed by the definition of the F2F encoding scheme. This is a system redundancy which may be used for symbol recovery. The present invention uses an overlap estimation technique to reflect these margin conditions, and knowing the `forbidden` transitions allows a more sophisticated decoding method.
FIG. 9 shows the device in accordance with the present invention for decoding signals coded in F2F manner and read from a magnetic data carrier. Such a magnetic data carrier might be a magnetic card 1 as shown in FIG. 1 containing a magnetic stripe with different tracks. This card 1 is read in a card reader, not shown in more detail, by a magnetic head 91. The signal read by the magnetic head 91 is amplified and passed through a low pass filter in a station 912. The amplifier is of very high gain to amplify also the very low signals into a region where it still can be recognized as valuable contribution in the signal scheme. In box 915 above the output of amplifier station 912 is shown schematically with the analog head signal in its amplified state. This signal is applied as input to a discriminating and integrating station 913 for generating a discriminated signal that looks binary. In box 916 above the output of station 913 this discriminated signal is shown schematically. In the time acquisition station 917 the default value for the expected phase is derived. The phase designates the time which passes from the start to the end of a bit cell. This time is the same for a coded "0" and "1" by the definition of F2F. Out of this a reference phase is extracted which is used as start-up time value for the phase estimation which is performed in phase estimator station 918 to which the output of station 917 is input.
During the phase estimation, two different reference phase values might be used, namely a fixed and a variable reference phase. In the fixed reference phase, the value for the reference phase will not be changed during the whole phase estimation and it is therefore equal to the start-up value. Using a fixed reference phase is referred to as a time-bound method. In applying a variable reference phase the value of the referenced phase changes depending on the actual phase value of the last processed bit cell or several bit cells. It is therefore able to adapt to the fading of the bit cells. The use of a variable reference phase is referred to as a last window method.
The signal output from the phase estimator station 918 is input to a symbol correlation station 920 for correlating the received binary signal stream with all possible symbol combinations based on the estimated phase for generating a bit stream. This output bit stream might be input to a bit recovery station 922. The output 923 of the bit recovery station 922 contains the correct data stream that is ready for interpretation.
FIG. 9A shows in a block diagram a possible realization of the phase estimator 918 shown in FIG. 9. On an input line 950 of a summing point 951 the received signal r(t) including the values for example Ti-2, Ti-1, Ti are applied. The received signal represents the time which was measured between adjacent flux transitions. At the output 952 of summing point 951 these values are accumulated through a delay module 953. This delay module (z-1) always shows the input of the preceding clock on its output 954. Thus, at this output 954 the sum of the last recent incoming values T-1, Ti-2, . . . are available. The accumulated values Ti, Ti-1, . . . are sent to a subtractor 955 over line 956. At this point the accumulated sum is compared with the length of a reference phase Tref. The output ΔTi from subtractor 955 is applied to an absolute value calculator 957. Over line 958 this absolute value {ΔTi { is applied to a comparator 959. In this comparator 959 a comparison is made between the actual phase difference {ΔTi { and the preceding phase difference {ΔTi-1 {. If the new value of {ΔTi { is greater than the previous one {ΔTi-1 { then a clock pulse is generated and applied on line 960 to switch 961. On the output 962 is the current value of the accumulated time values as an estimate for the current correlation interval In. The clock pulse on line 960 sets a delay module 969 to the highest value in the number range of the system. To this delay module 963 the current absolute value {ΔTi { is input and output of this delay line is the preceding phase difference {ΔTi-1 {, which is applied as input to the comparator 959.
The resulting correlation interval length In on line 962 is input to an estimation time value generator 964. In this estimation value generator 964 there are three possibilities for generating the estimation value Tref. In box 965 there is indicated the last window method in which the estimation value Tref =In. In box 966 there is indicated the time bound method in which the estimation value Tref is constant. In box 967 there is indicated the method in which a Kalman filter is used to compute the estimation value Tref =f(In), wherein the estimation value is a function of the actual correlation interval. The output Tref of the estimation value generator 964 is applied on line 968 to an adder 969 which inputs its output to subtractor 955. An initial reference phase value Tref is applied to adder 969 to start the system. After the first clock this value is set to zero to allow the self-adaptation of the unit. Then either the reference value is constant when the time bounds criterion is used as indicated in box 965 and the new phase is supposed to be a constant value. If the last window method is used, as indicated in box 966, of the estimation value generator 964, then the new estimated value for the next phase will be set to the last actual one(i.e., the value of the current correlation interval in). Using a more sophisticated filtering method, like a Kalman filter, may allow a more precise estimation of the incoming next reference phase. This is indicated by box 967 of the estimation value generator 964. Also possible but not indicated in FIG. 9A are non-linear methods which seem to be appropriate for the new reference phase.
The phase estimating station 918 shown in FIG. 9 includes either a minimum distance estimation circuit or an optimum phase estimator. These approaches of the phase estimation are explained below.
Generally it has to be observed that in order to be able to read even low amplitude cards the read amplifier has to be designed with a rather very high gain. Low amplitude cards are those with a small magnetization resulting in an electrical signal on the magnetic read head which might be at about 4% of the nominal value. Very high amplification of amplifier 912 should allow cards at a 5% magnetization, referred to the nominal value, to be discriminated correctly. With this background of very high amplification the probability for glitches increases tremendously. This is due to the noise and small peaks which will be amplified until saturation and therefore cause glitches in the discriminated signal. A typical incoming signal that includes glitches could look as that shown in FIG. 10. The signal depicted contains four glitches 17 indicated also by arrows. The typical problem with phase estimation is to determine where the end of the bit cell is. Glitches 17 might appear as bit cell boundaries. In FIG. 10 in the first line the estimated phase is indicated by small vertical lines. Underneath that a signal line is depicted which includes time values Ti, Ti+1, and so on. In the line beneath that between the third phase estimate line from left and the falling edge of the second glitch 17 from left a first minimum time distance to the reference phase value Δmin1 is indicated. Furthermore between the forth phase estimate line and the falling edge of a signal after the third glitch 17 a second minimum time distance value to the reference phase is indicated by Δmin2. Indicated in the bottom line of FIG. 4 between small vertical lines which do not necessarily coincide with the phase estimate lines in the first line, there is indicated a correlation interval I1. This correlation interval is used later-on with the symbol correlation.
The minimum distance method starts at any known bit cell boundary and integrates or adds respectively the incoming time data Ti, Ti+1, Ti+3, until the distance, that means the absolute difference, between the integral and the reference phase is at a minimum. For a correctly coded card this is typically the case after one or two acquired time data values, one if "0" was sent, two if "1" was sent. The reference phase may be changed to the actual measured value in accordance with the last window method or kept constant by definition within time bounds. The estimated phase locks to the most likely incoming phase. The risk of dropouts is essentially reduced by the high amplifier gain. FIG. 10 shows how the boundaries of the correlation interval I1 are estimated with relation to the most likely flux changes in the boundaries of the reference phase. The acquired sum of the integrated time values Ti, Ti+1 . . . is named the correlation interval. After the phase has been estimated the symbol detection will be performed in station 920 of FIG. 9.
The minimum distance phase estimation method is not able to estimate intervals of more than one bit cell. Therefore dropouts cannot be handled correctly since the closest flux change is used.
In a further embodiment of the phase estimation in the sense of an optimum phase estimator, an acceptance criterion for the closest bit cell is added. Thus, the estimation interval is enhanced to multiple bit cell length. If the minimum distance is greater than the acceptance range then the minimum distance for multiple of the referenced phase will be used as minimum distance criteria.
FIG. 11 depicts the phase estimation with decision criteria. In the upper line different reference times R(j) are shown of which a sum is formed. In the signal line the time values T(i) are shown. Underneath between lines different values of ΔT are shown of which four are larger than the decision bound b which forms the acceptance criteria, and only one time difference value for the minimum distance ΔT is shown to be smaller than b. The decision rule for this optimum phase estimator is that the sum of the acquired time T(i) that is measured between two adjacent flux changes is to be compared to any sum of the referenced times R(j) until the difference between these two sums is less than a decision bound b. The example shown in FIG. 11 demonstrates that the final correlation interval has a length of 5 bit cells. The minimum distance is calculated five times but only the last time the decision criteria ΔT>b is fulfilled to lock the phase estimation. The values R(j) for the appropriate reference phases should be a function of the noise model and could be generated by a structure used in the estimation theory, for example Kalman filter. Using a decision criterion might be more critical to determine the filter parameter for the generation of R(j) but it allows to correlate even dropouts.
The symbol correlation is done in the symbol correlator 920 as shown in the arrangement depicted in FIG. 9. After the phase estimation has been performed, a set of correlation intervals I1, . . . , In is available. Now with the enhanced decoding method of the present invention a correlation between the received signal r(t) and possible symbol sequences is performed to maximize the correlation and thus to determine the symbol. The possible symbol sequences are shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 12 a matched filter bank is shown containing a set of filters of which four filters 121, 122, 123 and 124 are shown, indicating the bank of matched filters. The outputs of these filters are input to a maximum selection device 125, and on the output 126 of this device the maximum output Umax is given. The received signal r(t), of which an example is shown in FIG. 6, is the signal read actually from the card and already discriminated to a binary level. With Ui (t) in the different filters 121-124 there is indicated in each case one symbol out of a set of symbols which might have been sent. As it is unknown what was actually sent, all possible combinations have to be generated and tested in the matched filters. For one bit cell the set of possible receptions is identical with the set of symbols shown in FIG. 7. For a test length of more than one bit cell any allowed combination as shown in FIG. 8 of the possible symbols have to be tested. With t the time parameter is denoted. With T the length of the estimation interval is indicated. The optimum would be to have the correlation interval as long as the signal was acquired from the card. However, the number of symbol combinations to be correlated is about 2600 which exhausts any capability of the calculation resources. Therefore, a variable test interval has been generated by the phase estimator as already described. The time value Ix denotes the length of the variable test interval.
In the enhanced decoding method of the present invention the result which is being calculated by filtering the received signal r(t) with the matched filters is maximized for all possible symbol combinations during the current test interval length and a following integration. This method is known as symbol correlation and known as the optimum demodulator in the maximum likelihood sense.
In FIG. 13 the symbol correlation is shown for a signal received in the interval I1 as shown in FIG. 10. Underneath this signal there are shown the four possibilities of the F2F symbol set as shown in FIG. 7 and on the right hand side the correlating values k are indicated. That symbol with the highest correlation degree, k=+8 in this case is supposed to be the symbol that was sent. In the shown example of FIG. 13 it is the positive "0".
Signal correlation may be used to measure the degree of similarity of signals. The larger the result of the correlation, the higher the probability that the incoming signal is similar to the matched filter function. Therefore, the matched filter box shown in FIG. 12 can be replaced by the arrangement shown in FIG. 14 right hand side, that means by a multiplier 141 and an integrator 142. The multiplier multiplies the function r(t) and the second function ui (t). So if they have to correlate an analog signal the full multiplication of the signal r(t) and the signal ui (t) is performed over the estimation interval T. The resulting signal is integrated in integrator 142 to calculate the final signal si (t.sub.).
If there are binary signals then the calculation may still be simplified. To guarantee signals with the same energy, binary signals with the signal level +1 and -1 are considered. This is shown in FIG. 15. FIG. 15 shows in the first line the signal 1 ul(t) with indicated positive and negative levels +1 and -1. Exactly underneath this signal 1 there is shown in the second line the signal 2 u2(t) also depicted with the positive signal +1 and -1. These two signals are multiplied with each other and the result s(t) is shown in the third line of FIG. 15. Underneath that an estimation interval Ein T is indicated together with the time values t1, t2, t3, t4, and t5, the different positive and negative time values for the multiplication of signal 1 * signal 2. It is known that the result of a multiplication of signal 1 and signal 2 always is a "1" or "-1" at any point. The resulting function s(t) is a "1" where both functions ul(t) and u2(t) have the same level and the resulting function is -1 where the functions have different levels. The following integration may also be simplified as it is just the difference of the time values where the signals are equal and where they differ: ##EQU1##
What the above shows is that for binary signals the multiplication and integration of the functions to be correlated can be tremendously simplified. The correlation result is just the difference of the time values where the functions are on the same level with that time values where the function levels are different.
In accordance with the correlation explained in connection with the matched filter bank shown in FIG. 12 for the received signal r(t) have to be calculated as much correlations as there are numbers of possible symbol sequences within the estimation interval. Under consideration of the state transition as shown for the F2F coding in FIG. 8, this number increases nearly exponentially with the base of two. Therefore, at an estimation interval length of ten bits, already 1024 correlations have to be made for ten bits to determine the correct symbol sequences.
If c denotes the length of the estimation interval in bits, then the number of correlations per bit is 2c divided by c.
Fading may be misinterpreted if it is not considered while the reference symbol set is generated. Therefore the phase of the reference symbol should be adapted to the actual estimated value. The correct adaption of the reference phase is essential for the quality of the correlated signals.
On the background of the aforementioned conclusions it is reasonable to keep the estimation interval length as small as possible. On the other hand it should be large enough to eliminate dropouts and glitches. Using the phase estimation as explained earlier in the description the estimation interval is already determined by the length of the correlation interval as a result from the phase estimation. It is unreasonable to work with an estimation interval of more than ten bit length.
A further improvement in signal decoding as proposed by the present invention is done by using an overlap decoding during symbol correlation. In this overlap decoding the previous correlation results are used for correlating a subsequent signal. In connection with FIG. 16 this is described in more detail. Thus, the bounds of the estimation interval reflect the margin conditions that are defined for the F2F coding scheme by the transition state diagram as shown in FIG. 8. To reflect this the correlation is done with overlapping symbol sequences. The uppermost line in FIG. 16 shows a signal sequence and the indicated estimation intervals I1, I2, and I3. The middle-line shows a signal including the two estimation intervals I1 and I2 as the minimum interval length for the estimation interval I2 and the bottom line shows the minimum estimation interval length for I3 consisting of the length of I2 and I3. This is an overlap estimation with overlap o(i)=1. FIG. 16 shows the estimation pattern for two bits in the estimation interval I2 and I3. To do the estimation for I2 the test pattern for I1 is used to get same weight into the integral. This method allows for consideration of margin conditions. The number of bits which will be considered from the estimation before is called the overlap length o(i) and may even depend from the signal itself. The example shown in FIG. 17 demonstrates why it is advisable to use this overlap.
FIG. 17 shows in the uppermost line a received signal r(t) which contains a glitch. The interval to be estimated first is the interval I2. If the estimation is done with an overlap of o(i)=0 (i.e., no overlap), then the signal in the middle-line would be decoded in I2 that means a "1" will be decoded. If, as shown in the bottommost line of FIG. 17, an overlap o (i)=1 is used (i.e., one bit overlap performed for the length including interval I1 and I2), then for the interval to be estimated I2 the most probable symbol would be a "0". As can be seen in the first estimation no overlap is assigned. The glitch at the beginning of interval I2 causes the wrong correlation result as a correlation for the interval I2 is actually the highest estimation a "1". However, regarding the margin conditions as defined in the state diagram of FIG. 8 such a symbol sequence is not allowed according to the next probable symbol would be that estimated in the second example. This can be easily acquired if the overlap length is greater than zero.
With overlap length o(i) being an interval which correlates symbols beyond the interval to be estimated, the margin conditions are included into the symbol correlation and thus the error probability is decreased for the redundancy caused by the definition of the F2F coding scheme. It can be shown that for a very high overlap length the error probability will be a minimum, the calculation effort on the other hand a maximum. Therefore, a trade-off between calculation effort and error probability has to be done. In practice an overlap length of o(i) of 1 or 2 is sufficient and a reasonable value.
Coming back to FIG. 9, the symbol correlator station 920 correlates the possible symbols with the sequence of flux changes within the correlation interval I. The length of the correlation interval is at least the length of the estimated phase. In using the overlap correlation the correlation interval shall be greater than just the last estimated phase. It includes at least the preceding phase interval to get into the favor of the overlap information. As the preceding interval was already to be supposed to be estimated correctly, therefore, the correlation symbol length has only to be the length of the new-phase to be estimated. The correlation value of the preceding cells, the overlap cells, may be a start value for the integration which is performed for the symbol correlation. This method reduces the calculation efforts for an overlap correlation very much.
The symbol correlator station 920 shown in FIG. 9 outputs a bit string to a bit recovery unit 922 where the bit string is checked for errors. If only one bit error exists, then the result of XOR sum of all characters which are formed by the bit string including the length record character LRC itself should be used to correct the specific character with the wrong parity. This is done in the following way:
the XOR sum of all characters is calculated by the following formula:
xsum=SOM⊕Chr1 ⊕Chr2⊕. . . ⊕ChrN⊕EOM⊕LRC.
The notation ⊕ stands for an XOR function.
One character was encountered with a parity error and only one is allowed. The correct character may be calculated as follows:
Correct Character=Defect Character ⊕xsum
e.g. 00100=00110⊕00010.
At the output 923 of the bit recovery unit 922 then the corrected data stream is present which is ready for interpretation.
Thus, the present invention provides an advantageous decoding method and decoding apparatus for signals which may contain in their digital form a lot of distortions that are open to misinterpretation, and to decode them correctly. Thus, even very worn-out magnetic stripe cards can still be read and may not be rejected by the reader. This in practice is a very important contribution in the sense of user friendliness.
Of course, many modifications and adaptations to the present invention could be made to advantage without departing from the spirit of this invention. Further some features of the present invention could be used without corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, this description should be considered as merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and not in limitation thereof.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Was located near commerce and gas station facility. The staff was available right away for service and information. It is a small Hotel facility but very comfortable. The morning breakfast was great, easy. Rooms are small but comfortable, with all the ame
The parking was very limited.
I REALLY liked the contenentail breakfest available. Employees leave you alone
Accomdations were great
They ran out of coffee at 7:40 AM and would not have anymore. Had to drive out to get some. Not good...
good breakfast!!!
We thought we were biding on a place closer to the border of Mexico. I checked Weslaco but we stayed in Mercedes which was about 4 miles down the freeway.
The location is perfect for doing a day trip to Progresso, Mexico. Have been staying there for years. Very nice pool area. Able to drive to room.
The club and bar of days past were gone. Forget about internet access unless you are in the lobby. In my opinion management is spending the least they can on maintenance. Only one wash cloth and two small towels in a double room and these were well worn.
The location is excellent for the visiting we do.
Only one clerk to help at the front desk, the check out had a tour load of people , so the main person had differnet list of charges i stood in line for 15 mintues . Then someone behing me asked loudly just want to check out and the clerk said leave room
Beds and pillows and a real good A/C
No carpet on floors
Nice receptiionist
Unable to add a air mattress
Friendliness at check-in. ...& in office when asking for an iron
Banging on our door & being rude @ check-out time!!!
Excellent staff. Very spacious rooms. Location was great. Nice pool.
Towels were not as clean as I would like them to have been. Bring your own towels. Hair dryer sparked when I tried to use. No umbrella in the pool area.
The location
The breakfast was a disappoointment
It was close to our destination.
The location and check in being 4am other hotels are usually after 12pm or 3pm.
We loved the spacious rooms, heated pool, beautiful scenery, quaint, secure, fun. Front desk had wonderful service, housekeeping was on point.
The room was a little warm for my liking.
it was clean and comfortable and fairly modern.
A very pleasant surprise,much better than my wife and I expected.
A kitchenette was part of the room;but no pots and pana in site,,
Great value, nice size room, good location, friendly atmosphere.
Kitchen could have been a little cleaner. Extra towels were needed.
The people were very friendly and everything was very clean
Breakfast buffet could include bacon and sausage
Clean, clean, clean -- loved that
Here's why:
We're not the seller
At KAYAK we don't set prices, so it's not possible for us to guarantee what other companies are selling.
We aggregate tons of data for you
Our service lets you quickly and easily compare results from hundreds of travel sites at once. In this sense, KAYAK is a search engine and we don't guarantee prices we find.
Why aren't prices accurate 100% of the time?
Prices on airline seats, hotel rooms and car rentals can change frequently. Several people may also be trying to buy the same travel option simultaneously. As a result, you may find on occasion that certain prices are no longer available.
More questions or if you have a bad price to report to us
Please send us an
and someone from our team will get back to you promptly.
KAYAK is part of The Priceline Group, the world leader in online travel & related services.


text:
Was seeing this girl before I left my University in london. Only a couple weeks but was fun. We were texting after we returned home but then she went on holiday and returns tomorrow. I assume after tomorrow I should just not text her till she texts me. She has a lot of power over the whole thing as it is anyway.
Just so everyone knows it was just sex, talking, cuddling and such before we left. Nothing serious, my only problem is that she was a pretty cool down to earth girl. However I return to London next week as my house allows me to move in then. She returns at the end of September.
Am I seriously meant to keep in contact with her till then? does she even want me to? should I just leave it till we both return then text her and she what **** goes down? text her when I return to London suggesting she come visit.
So I assume I should wait?
|Posted on
|Will you get the grades you need for uni? Get prepared today and de-stress, sign up to email alerts for course places!
|Waiting on IB results? Our IB results hub explains everything you need to know
- Thread Starter
if you want something from her, I suggest you go get it. Texting her as soon as she gets back from holiday is a bit much though.
Submit reply
RegisterThanks for posting! You just need to create an account in order to submit the post Already a member? Sign in
Oops, something wasn't right
please check the following:


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports Houston | Last updated 8/28/12
RUSTON, La. (AP) -- Texas A&M and Louisiana Tech have decided to postpone Thursday night's season opener in Shreveport because of Hurricane Isaac's forecast path through Louisiana. The game has been rescheduled until Oct. 13, which had been an open date for both teams. Louisiana Tech Athletic Director Bruce Van de Velde says university officials, who announced the postponement on Tuesday, are concerned about the safety of the athletes and fans, and want to conscientious of the effect the storm could have on residents throughout the region. Officials say the kickoff time will be determined at a later date. Tickets and parking permits already purchased will be honored, but there will be no refunds. Tech now opens Sept. 8 at Houston, while A&M opens Sept. 8 at home against No. 23 Florida.
Comments are closed.
What do you think?To leave a comment, you can:
All Sports News
Delivered to your inbox
You'll also receive Yardbarker's daily Top 10, featuring the best sports stories from around the web. Customize your newsletter to get articles on your favorite sports and teams. And the best part? It's free!
Follow us on Twitter
|Best of Yardbarker
|NFL News
|MLB News
Today's Best Stuff
For Bloggers
Join the Yardbarker Network for more promotion, traffic, and money.
Company Info
What is Yardbarker?
Yardbarker is the largest network of sports blogs and pro athlete blogs on the web. This site is the hub of the Yardbarker Network, where our editors and algorithms curate the best sports content from our network and beyond.
|© 2015 Yardbarker, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of these Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. (What's New?)


text:
Apartment Rentals Back to Main Blog
Sneak Preview: Behind the Scenes at the Gorgeous New Hermitage Apartment!June 1st, 2015
Ready for a rare sneak peek of one of our newest Paris vacation rentals? We're putting the finishing touches on the Hermitage apartment and very soon it will be ready for the first guests to arrive. Be the first to book a stay in this stunning new Paris apartment!...Continue Reading
Opulence in the Heart of Saint Germain at the Côte de NuitsMay 15th, 2015
Surround yourself with Parisian charm, history and elegance at our newest one bedroom vacation rental tucked away in the heart of Saint-Germain in the 6th arrondissement. Perfect for romantics, art and antique lovers and anyone with an appreciation of pure Parisian style....Continue Reading
The Carménère – A Stylish New Retreat in the Heart of Saint-GermainMarch 1st, 2015
The City of Light is all about style, which is why this stunning 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom vacation rental in the heart of the 6th arrondissement is a perfect Parisian retreat – and a wonderful addition to the Paris Perfect family....Continue Reading
The Pastis – A New Paris Studio Rental You'll Want to Call Home!February 28th, 2015
Shhh … our new Pastis studio rental is such a gem that you'll want to keep it a secret just for yourself! Set right at the border of the elegant 7th arrondissement and Saint-Germain, this beautifully remodeled studio is a charming pied-à-terre with a dreamy location in Paris....Continue Reading
A Chic Paris Stay at the ChevernyDecember 24th, 2014
With fantastic access to the heart of Paris' shopping, art and cultural scene, the Cheverny is an ideal retreat for guests who appreciate the finer things in life. Find out more about this stylish new vacation rental in Paris!...Continue Reading
The Roussillon – A Deliciously Modern Home in ParisNovember 27th, 2014
The Roussillon is a spacious and deliciously modern two-level house in the heart of Paris. Style, space and superb decadence are just a few of the reasons why we adore this new one bedroom vacation rental....Continue Reading
The Paris Vacation Apartment Guide by Robyn WebbOctober 1st, 2014
We're delighted to announce the publication of Robyn Webb's new book "The Paris Vacation Apartment Guide," which is a great resource for Paris vacation rental newbies as well as seasoned Paris travelers looking to experience a more authentic Paris stay....Continue Reading
A Dreamy Paris Stay at the RosetteSeptember 12th, 2014
We're always searching for beautiful vacation rentals in Paris that capture the romantic allure of this city we love. Take a peek inside the new Rosette, a bright and charming apartment with a dreamy setting in the Marais....Continue Reading
Live the Parisian Dream – Spend Half a Year in Paris!July 21st, 2014
Have you every dreamed of living in Paris and having time to slowly savor all the magic of the City of Light? If you're thinking of staying in Paris for 6 months or longer, contact us to find out more about a beautiful two bedroom apartment that's the perfect setting for your dreams to come true!...Continue Reading
It's Official: Most Romantic Apartments in Paris!July 2nd, 2014
Paris is one of the most romantic cities in the world, and to help you plan the perfect stay we've crowned our three most romantic Paris vacation rentals. Find out the winning apartments and enjoy a video sneak peek inside these three very special Paris apartments!...Continue Reading
The Charente – A Truly Perfect Location in Paris!January 27th, 2014
Pour yourself a glass of French wine, sit back and let us introduce you to the Charente, an exquisite one bedroom apartment in the heart of the stylish Saint-Germain-des-Prés neighborhood....Continue Reading
A Stunning Stay in MontmartreJanuary 27th, 2014
We are pleased to announce that the gorgeous Montmartre vacation rental is now available as a two bedroom apartment. This remarkable apartment offers an unforgettable stay in Paris!...Continue Reading
Discover the Parisians' Paris at the Côtes du VentouxJuly 22nd, 2013
Discover the charms of the Parisian lifestyle that locals love during your stay at the Côtes du Ventoux, a lovely two bedroom vacation rental in the 15th arrondissement tucked away on a cobblestone street around the corner from the charming Rue du Commerce shopping street....Continue Reading
A Spectacular Stay in Paris at the Montmartre!June 20th, 2013
We're pleased to introduce the remarkable Montmartre one bedroom vacation rental in Paris! Located at the base of Montmartre with stunning views of Sacre-Coeur, don't miss your chance to stay in this one of a kind Parisian home....Continue Reading
Merlot – An Amazing Apartment for Sale in Paris!March 29th, 2013
The beautiful Merlot apartment is for sale! With stunning views of the Eiffel Tower, a long balcony and beautiful decor, this 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment is truly a rare opportunity to own an amazing pied-à-terre in Paris!...Continue Reading


text:
Kolton Jackson has spent the last twenty years in prison. Now he has been released to face a world that hates... : Action And Adventure » Read
» Users
Welcome Visitor:
No history available
About | News | Contact | Your Account | BooksieSilk | TheNextBigWriter | Self Publishing | Advertise
© 2013 TheNextBigWriter, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms under which this service is provided to you. Privacy Policy.


text:
news | discography/shop | biography | tour dates |
The Pony Club's third album Post Romantic is on the way.
Be sure to check www.ponyclub.tv for up to date info on all the band's activities.
5 October 2005
PONY CLUB release second LP FAMILY BUSINESS
PonyClub back in the studio
The SeparateOrchestral Variations V.01
HoggboyUpside Down CDSÈ3.49
ChaletsFeel The Machine CDSÈ2.99
Mason JenningsCentury Spring CDÈ7.99


text:
Bon Jovi Tribute Wanted, Plus CCR Tribute Act
Full Price
Our Price
Wanted rocks the hits of Bon Jovi, the iconic '80s band that's sold more than 100 million records. From "Livin' on a Prayer," "You Give Love a Bad Name," "Bad Medicine" and "I'll Be There for You" to "Bed of Roses," "It's My Life" and, of course, "Wanted Dead or Alive," you'll experience all their memorable songs how they were meant to be heard -- live in concert. The L.A.-based Wanted boasts established professional musicians, led by lead vocalist Jerry March, who recreate the signature sound of Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Tico Torres and the guys to a T. A Creedence Clearwater Revival tribute act opens the show.
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
All offers for Wanted have expired.
The last date listed for Wanted was Thursday August 29, 2013 / 8:30pm (Doors at 6:00pm).
Currently at The Canyon
'80s Rockers Loverboy ("Working for the Weekend")
- Full Price:
- $42.00
- Our Price:
- $23.00
In the famous "Chippendales" SNL sketch, to the sweet jams of what arena rock band do Patrick Swayze… More
Venue Details
Drinks at the Canyon are vastly overpriced. Really looks tacky seeing canned beer in a supper club and they want $10 for ordinary beer.star this tip starred
I wore A nice pair of jeans and a casual dress top. Casual dress is sufficient..star this tip starred
Reviews & Ratings
attended Aug 29 2013
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Wasn't able to go can I get a refund or how do I use these.
More Information
Quotes & Highlights
Visit Wanted 's website.


text:
Product Information
Gettin' By by Cory Chisel And The Wandering Sons - Digital Sheet Music
At a Glance
Gettin' By digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
* This arrangement contains complete lyrics
* This product is available worldwide
Arrangement Details
The Arrangement Details Tab gives you detailed information about this particular arrangement of Gettin' By - not necessarily the song.
Song Details
The Song Details Tab gives you detailed information about this song, Gettin' By.
Related Products
The Related Products shows you other products that you may also like, if you like Gettin' By.
There are No Reviews written for "Gettin' By"
In order to write a review on digital sheet music you must first have purchased the item.


text:
RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing willow-leaved foxglove (Digitalis obscura L.)
- S. G. Nebauer,
- L. del Castillo-Agudo,
- J. Segura
- … show all 3 hide
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess levels and patterns of genetic diversity in Digitalis obscura L. (Scrophulariaceae), an outcrossing cardenolide-producing medicinal plant species. A total of 50 plants from six natural populations on the Iberian Peninsula were analysed by six arbitrarily chosen decamer primers resulting in 96 highly reproducible RAPD bands. To avoid bias in parameter estimation, analyses of population genetic structure were restricted to bands (35 of 96) whose observed frequencies were less than 1–3/n in each population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) with distances among individuals corrected for the dominant nature of RAPDs (genotypic analysis) showed that most of the variation (84.8%) occurred among individuals within populations, which is expected for an outcrossing organism. Of the remaining variance, 9.7% was attributed to differences between regions, and 5.5% for differences among populations within regions. Estimates of the Wright, Weir and Cockerham and Lynch and Milligan FST from null-allele frequencies corroborated AMOVA partitioning and provided significant evidence for population differentiation in D. obscura. A non-parametric test for the homogeneity of molecular variance (HOMOVA) also showed significant differences in the amount of genetic variability present in the six populations. UPGMA cluster analyses, based on Apostol genetic distance, revealed grouping of some geographically proximate populations. Nevertheless, a Mantel test did not give a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances. This is the first report of the partitioning of genetic variability within and between populations of D. obscura and provides important baseline data for optimising sampling strategies and for conserving the genetic resources of this medicinal species.
- Title
- RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing willow-leaved foxglove (Digitalis obscura L.)
- Journal
Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Volume 98, Issue 6-7 , pp 985-994
- Cover Date
- 1999-05
- 10.1007/s001220051159
- Print ISSN
- 0040-5752
- Online ISSN
- 1432-2242
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Keywords
- Key words Digitalis obscura
- Population genetics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. G. Nebauer (A1)
- L. del Castillo-Agudo (A2)
- J. Segura (A1)
- Author Affiliations
- A1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. V. A. Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot (València), Spain Fax: +34 963864926 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, ES
- A2. Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (València), Spain, ES


text:
H.R.3802 - Hurricane Katrina Surviving Spouse Student Loan Relief Act109th Congress (2005-2006)
|Rep. McCarthy, Carolyn [D-NY-4] (Introduced 09/15/2005)
|House - Education and the Workforce
|Latest Action:
|10/12/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness.
This bill has the status Introduced
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
- Introduced
Subject — Policy Area:
- Education
- View subjects
Summary: H.R.3802 — 109th Congress (2005-2006)All Bill Information (Except Text)
There is one summary. Bill summaries are authored by CRS.
Shown Here:
Introduced in House (09/15/2005)
Hurricane Katrina Surviving Spouse Student Loan Relief Act - Directs the Secretary of Education to discharge or cancel the federal student loan indebtedness of spouses and parents of victims of Hurricane Katrina, with respect to any principal and accrued unpaid interest outstanding on student loans on behalf of such victims on the date of the injury causing their death or permanent and total disability.


text:
Just in! Call or visit our website for more information!... More
The Land Cruiser is Toyotas longest running series. It began in 1951 and is still made to this day. It has been... More
Jeeps 4x4s are nearly just as much about looking chic as they are about being capable to handle any terrain. Not only can you... More
To be sold at the Harrisburg 2015 auction, Harrisburg, PA, -August 1, 2015. To consign a car or to register to bid, visit the... More
- Frame-off restoration in 2011 with many new parts - 1000 miles on new engine- Rust free truck- Air conditioning- New radio- Power windows-... More
1984 Chevrolet Scottsdale Daily Driver Classic, $10, 500 This is a restored daily driver 1984 Chevrolet Scottsdale Truck featuring custom leather interior, a "3 stage"... More
This 1985 GMC S15 is more than just a little truck with some major power. It is the ultimate sleeper with some cool... More
As you've guessed, the Caballero was GMC's version of the venerable El Camino, although this particular 1985 GMC Caballero is far from ordinary. With... More
~CALL US FOR A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CAR! WE DO A 150+ POINT CHECK ON EACH VEHICLE AND ARE HAPPY TO... More
1989 Ford F150 XLT Lariat, 14326 km or 8901 miles, Nice clean truck. 5.0 liter EFi motor. One gas tank. PS, PB, A/C with... More
With today's focus on ''crossovers'' and ''mini-utes,'' it's easy to forget what a real man's 4x4 should look like. This 1985 Chevy K5 Blazer,... More
Looking for an ALL ORIGINAL VIRGIN? Many of us have given up on the dream of finding the unmolested, never pampered 1 owner classic... More
CUSTOM TRUCK LOWERED AND MINI TUBBED SHAVED DOOR HANDLES NEW INTERIOR VERY GOOD PAINT DRIVES AND RIDES GREAT... More
1985 Toyota 4RunnerMint condition all roundTow-tone Orange metallic with White Decals plus a Blue interiorThe entire Truck has all been redone as well!!!Equipped with... More
85 FORD RANGER Pro Street, Frame off restoration (Look under this truck) and restored with quality go fast parts, Ford Motorsport SVO 351 Windsor... More


text:
NJT - Hamilton Station (NEC)October 12, 2012Train Station • Hamilton, United States
Why do people run to the escalators? Why do people lean over to see if the train is coming (after it was announced it was coming)? Why do Trenton stop people think they can have both seats? Hm.


text:
Bachelor Degrees for Traditional Undergraduates.
Earn Your Master's or Doctorate at Judson.
Busy Adults, Finish Your B.A. the Convenient Way.
Call Judson Your "Home Away From Home."
Online Degrees for Graduates and Busy Adults.
Earn College Credit While You're Still in High School.
Many of Judson's students have said that they knew they wanted to attend Judson U as soon as they stepped on campus. So venture here on your own or bring along a few friends and family and find out if Judson is right for you.
Several different options are offered at various times throughout the year:
Can't make it to one of our Preview Day dates above? That's okay, we'd love to set a personal visit for you. Sign up for a campus visit.
Please call 1-800-TRY-JDSN or contact your admissions counselor for more information.
Judson University, Shaping Lives that Shape the World


text:
This is a nice watch for the money. It looks good and has a quality look and feel. I've had it for about 2 weeks now and I wear it more than I expected because of the casual, rugged look.
i tink this watch is a bargain at the prevailing price my holds is that it doesnt come with a black strap
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? perfect
- How accurate was the sizing? good
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. great
It is a great looking watch and full functionality makes it real. Indiglow feature is kind of cool in a dark movie theater.
Gotta love Timex... short on $, long on style...
I have several high end watches and this Timex looks and feels like it belongs with them. Beautifully designed face and a nice heft to the case as well as a quality band; it is comparable to much higher priced watches. A couple of negatives are the snap back, which fits with the price point and the skeleton hands virtually disappear with indiglo face illumination.
i love the watch. it's got a great face and wears well. for the money, you really cannot go wrong with this watch. i also really like the brown black color scheme going on.
nice watch, does everything a good chronograph should.
It's not a ******** ******** but has a great facade and general functionality for usage when you don't want to bring out your nicer watches on a daily basis. I use this for when I perform outdoor activities in the yard/lab environment/construction/etc...
Really like the watch especially considering the price. The watch seems to have a very nice solid feel to it. The leather strap has a suede type feel to it. Looks very nice for casual wear with jeans.
Just what I expected. Very very good watch especially for the price
This is a nice looking watch with lots going on. Perfect for casual wear and for less than $$ delivered also a good bargain.
Consider the price you are paying for this watch. Its an excellent value. Very clean rugged look design and well made with decent quality material and workmanship. Light weight and comfortable to wear. Fairly accurate so far , zero issue.


text:
We have some real races this year! I'm waffling on a few categories, but this is my final ballot.
1. Best Picture
Will win: Many are predicting 305 more words
We have some real races this year! I'm waffling on a few categories, but this is my final ballot.
1. Best Picture
Will win: Many are predicting 305 more words
Oscars season is upon us, and you can almost smell the celluloid wafting on the Winter's breeze. We caught up with a certain legendary Hollywood producer-mogul, relaxing in a rare moment of calm as he campaigns for the various Oscar-hopeful movies distributed by his company. 1,212 more words
I love Oscar season . Not only do I get excited about watching the awards – yes, I'm one of those losers – but I get to browse all the fashion mags which I'm sorry but I love, and most importantly get to watch a number of brilliant films which are tactically released in the lead up to the ceremony. 220 more words
The controversy surrounding American Sniper sparked a recent interview from Time with the film's screenwriter, Jason Hall, about writing what might be the most hotly debated Oscar film… 135 more words
Pawel Pawlikowski's Ida is a haunting black and white film about two women searching for answers in post World War II Poland.
Ida is a very slow film as well as not in color and not shot in the widescreen ratio we have become accustomed to as of late. 113 more words
In honor of Oscar season, The Hollywood reporter website had a roundtable discussion with the Oscar nominated directors to discuss their films that they created this past year. 44 more words
You know it is a great year when everything begins to fall into place. The Directors Guild of America announces their nominees and I agree with every single director on the list. 188 more words


text:
Westwood Real Estate Listings & Rental Properties in New Jersey
Looking to buy a home or rent an apartment? Whether you are looking for homes for sale, new homes, apartments finder, guides and rentals, foreclosures or apartment communities for rent; Find all Westwood real estate for sale or rent in New Jersey on NJ.com.
Real Estate Tips & Resources
- New Jersey Real Estate Listings
- Browse by Cities in Bergen County
- Foreclosure Real Estate in NJ
- Westwood Real Estate Listings
- Home Mortgage Companies in Westwood
- Real Estate Appraisers in Westwood
- Real Estate Brokers in Westwood
- Real Estate Agents in Westwood
- Title Companies in Westwood
- Escrow Services in Westwood
- Home Inspection Services in Westwood
- Mortgage Calculator
- Mortgage Center
- NJ Real Estate Jobs
- NJ Real Estate News
- NJ Home & Garden
- NJ Home Improvement Forums
Homes For SaleView More Listings »
138 2nd Ave
Westwood, NJ 07675
Single Family
3 Beds, 2 Baths
Launch Video
Offered by RE/MAX Fortune Properties
504 Kinderkamack Rd
Westwood, NJ 07675
Single Family
3 Beds, 1 Bath
Launch Video
Offered by RE/MAX Elite Associates
16 Roosevelt Ave
Westwood, NJ 07675
Single Family
3 Beds, 2 Baths
Launch Video
Offered by RE/MAX Elite Associates
View More: Homes For Sale in Westwood »
Apartments & Rentals for RentView More Listings »
7101 Cenrose Circle
Westwood, NJ 07675
1 - 2 Beds, 1 - 2 Baths
Offered by Roseland Property Company
27-55 Green St.
Westwood, NJ 07675
1 - 2 Beds, 1 Bath
Offered by Morgan Properties
5 Sutton Place
Westwood, NJ 07675
1 - 2 Beds, 1 Bath
Offered by Hekemian & Co., Inc
Apartments & Rentals in Westwood Area: Apartments & Rentals for Rent Listings »
When searching for in Westwood, NJ.com wants you to have all of the right information to help you make the best decision possible. We know that the search can be difficult and we strive to make it easier for you. Since we have thousands of for you to browse through, there's no need to go anywhere else. Our rental listings feature photos, amenities, maps, detailed descriptions, and denote if the apartment is pet friendly to help you make the best choice.
NJ.com can help you find Westwood real estate agencies & realtors or a broker who will help you find an apartment to rent in NJ, and get you useful information about the neighborhood, schools in the area and more!
You can also browse all real estate types and MLS listings by Westwood above, or you can also view results by neighborhoods or regions.


text:
Rank: 270
active 3 days, 12 hours ago
Lover of vegan food, cats, animal rights, Dawson's Creek, and Harry Potter.
Search the Street Team
Whitney Calk's Badges
Whitney Calk's Friends
I grew up in the United States.My mom is white.My father is Latino. I love to save animals,even spiders.So don't kill my spiders..I love dogs,pigs,all creatures that the world has made for you and me-to protect and love/and NOT to kill. I believe in love & adventure. I believe in you have to live life to learn,LOVE life LOVE life..
20 years old. Vegetarian since 2011. Vegan since March. Architecture Major in Buffalo, NY.
I'm a fun-loving teen who loves animals, friends/fam, music, TV shows/movies, reading, veg food, and peta2!!
I'm Maggie. I love bands and British television. I play flute and piano. Patrick Stump is a literal angel and Brendon Urie makes me blush.
My life has been complicated but I have one reason I keep living and it's the love for animals I have!:3
Vegetarian my whole life, moving towards a vegan lifestyle. Love and peace. Supporting animals, the arts, culture and the environment.
-2015 Youth Advisory Board member
-Acrobatic gymnast
-I love animals<3
Life's a Bitch... with some great times.
Share This Profile
Powered by the McGrath Family Foundation


text:
Originally Posted by markbarendt
It's not what is outside the printable range that matters, it's what's inside.
Originally Posted by markbarendt
Second point, it does matter, exposure changes, change grain and other things.
yeah, but the ratios remain constant (and thats really the crux) regardless of iso exposure. so as long as i compensate for ev variance, either in my head or on the meter i'm good to go.
"The world is full of sloppy Bohemians and their work betrays them.


text:
Holistic Health
Create greater health, happiness and peace of mind in your life.
Posts filtered on Category
"Innie" or "outie"
How would you describe an introvert? If your thoughts immediately go to the person on the fringes of the party, standing there, holding up the wall, all alone and looking miserable chances are you're not correct. Having just read "Quiet" by Susan Cain, which I would consider the ultimate Introvert's Manifesto, I can tell you […] [Read More]
The Good Mind
The good mind is a place of ease and compassion from which respect and understanding flow. The good mind is a process, a journey. As I write this morning, more than a hundred paddlers are nearing New York City. It is day 11 of a 13 day paddle in celebration of the historic Two Row […] [Read More]
Pilates and Osteoporosis Management
Pilates is an exercise that when performed properly strengthens your inner unit and teaches you to initiate movement from your "core". The core muscles include your abdominal wall, the muscles that attach to the back of your backbone (the part of your spine that you can feel), your diaphragm and your pelvic floor. Pilates improves […] [Read More]
Here comes the sun
Did you know that you were sort of, kind of, like a daisy? But, not just a daisy, pretty much any kind of plant. You see the ability to utilize and metabolize sunlight isn't just the territory of plants. Human beings can do it too! Not only can we do it, but we need to […] [Read More]
The big "E"
Summer weather can shift in a heartbeat. Blistering sun bearing down one moment, thunder claps even hail the next. Or waking from a star-filled, moonlit evening to grey skies, blustery winds and torrential rains by early morning. Mother natural has a mercurial temperament. Most times there's nothing to do but just wait out one her […] [Read More]
Show More


text:
Search results for 'men'
Button Detail Scoop Neck Sweater - Oatmeal Heather
Regular Price: $74.00
Special Price: $55.97A beautiful essential with elegant 4-button detail on the ribbed cuffs and a softly scooped neckline with rib detail trim. Drop shoulders. Woven jersey and reverse jersey stitch construction with linked seams. Tone-on-tone Camaro logo embroidered on left chest. 100% cotton. Imported. Learn More
Camaro Full Zip Bonded Fleece Jacket - Carbon | Red$79.00Slimmer fit, athletic-inspired bonded fleece jacket. Contrast stitching and zippers for a pop of color. Stretch storm cuffs
with thumb holes for chilly days. Audio port access through inside left pocket. Embroidered Camaro logo on left chest.
100% polyester jersey bonded with 100% polyester jacquard fleece lining. Imported.
Learn More
Camaro Full Zip Sherpa-Lined Hoodie - Athletic Heather
Regular Price: $65.00
Special Price: $48.97A pink appliqued Camaro logo complements the soft sherpa lining of this adorable hoodie. Front patch pockets and rib knit cuffs and hem. 90% cotton/10% Poly. Imported. Learn More
Camaro Girl-About-Town Full Zip Jacket$64.00A mild weather jacket with everyday versatility. Contrast piping and textured fabric detail at shoulders give this jacket its striking good looks. Two in-seam front pockets and stand-up collar. 100% polyester. Imported. Learn More
Camaro SIX Colorblock Fleece Jacket - Black/Red$70.00You've GOT to have a Camaro LOOK! Styling to match the sleek lines of the new Camaro SIX, this 100% polyester brushed-back fleece jacket offers moisture wicking performance and features an inside storm placket, reflective piping, audio port and reflective-stripe accent above the back hem. Comfort and style the way it should be, the Camaro way. Learn More


text:
Gillette, Wyoming
Posts: 136
Responses: 0
Gillette, Wyoming
Posts: 136
Responses: 0
Questions: How to remove the shine from trousers/jackets?
Friday, April 16, 2010 at 14:20
Have a couple of suits (wool/wool mix) that are still in good condition apart from the shine produced by wear and ironing. I'd be grateful if anyone knows a surefire way of removing the shine, without damaging the material. Thanks
<-- receive notification of replies to this post
<-- add post to your lists for later reference
Listed Under


text:
|SUMMARY: Irv Mermelstein is the Publisher of Profits Over Time, an independent personal investment news service online. Mermelstein has managed to bootstrap a thriving business, despite the fact that dozens of big name sites are spending millions to shout for personal investors' attention. We called him to learn more about his business model and what he's learned personal investors really want from the Web.
Get the latest research on email, lead gen, and social media along with MarketingSherpa updates and promotions.
Email Marketing: How the Kentucky Derby engages customers with relevant email
Read More »
Enter to Win »
Paid Attention by Faris Yakob


text:
Surprising Foods That May Make You Sick
So, which foods are causing so much trouble? Head to Shape to read about the allergies doctors are testing for right now. (Shape)
Please upgrade your browser for the best Refinery29 experience. Read more.
It was the early morning hours of July 5, and after a day of drinking and greasy food, Patricia Ochoa was sufficiently hungover. She had all of the classic symptoms: dry mouth, headache, exhaustion, and an upset stomach. Then, her brother appeared at her bedroom door like the hangover tooth fairy with a bottle of grape read
You've surely seen them before: the army of green-filled cups, marching along their morning commutes. These are the juice freaks — the smoothie brigade. There's no denying that liquid, green breakfasts are having a (long) moment. But are they actually as healthy as promised? Even if they are, can we call them an read