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Haematological manifestations of lupus
Fayyaz, Anum; Igoe, Ann; Kurien, Biji T; Danda, Debashish; James, Judith A; Stafford, Haraldine A; Scofield, R Hal
Our purpose was to compile information on the haematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), namely leucopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and myelofibrosis. During our search of the English-language MEDLINE sources, we did not place a date-of-publication constraint. Hence, we have reviewed previous as well as most recent studies with the subject heading SLE in combination with each manifestation. Neutropenia can lead to morbidity and mortality from increased susceptibility to infection. Severe neutropenia can be successfully treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. While related to disease activity, there is no specific therapy for lymphopenia. Severe lymphopenia may require the use of prophylactic therapy to prevent select opportunistic infections. Isolated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura maybe the first manifestation of SLE by months or even years. Some manifestations of lupus occur more frequently in association with low platelet count in these patients, for example, neuropsychiatric manifestation, haemolytic anaemia, the antiphospholipid syndrome and renal disease. Thrombocytopenia can be regarded as an important prognostic indicator of survival in patients with SLE. Medical, surgical and biological treatment modalities are reviewed for this manifestation. First-line therapy remains glucocorticoids. Through our review, we conclude glucocorticoids do produce a response in majority of patients initially, but sustained response to therapy is unlikely. Glucocorticoids are used as first-line therapy in patients with SLE with AIHA, but there is no conclusive evidence to guide second-line therapy. Rituximab is promising in refractory and non-responding AIHA. TTP is not recognised as a criteria for classification of SLE, but there is a considerable overlap between the presenting features of TTP and SLE, and a few patients with SLE have concurrent TTP. Myelofibrosis is an uncommon yet well-documented manifestation of SLE. We have compiled the cases that were reported in MEDLINE sources. PMID:25861458
Haematological management of obstetric haemorrhage
Eleftheria Lefkou; Beverley Hunt
Obstetric haemorrhage (OH) remains the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, 140 000–160 000 women die annually. Uterine atony (70%), and retained and invasive placentae remain the commonest causes. Rarely OH is due to an inherited bleeding disorder. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Haematological management includes regular monitoring
Managing haematological disorders during pregnancy.
Koh, Mickey B C; Lao, Zhen Tang; Rhodes, Elizabeth
The management of patients with pre-existing haematological diseases during pregnancy can be particularly challenging. The potential maternal and foetal toxicities from treatment regimens including chemotherapy for malignant haematological disorders mean that joint management between obstetricians and haematologists is essential for achieving good outcomes for both mother and baby. Patients with inherited or acquired disorders of haemostasis including platelets (essential thrombocythaemia) and coagulation (antiphospholipid syndrome) resulting in a pro-thrombotic state also require special consideration as pregnancy is generally considered to be a pro-thrombotic condition which could exacerbate the pre-existing disorder. The choice, timing and duration of anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy require careful coordination during the antenatal, perinatal as well as postnatal periods to ensure that both maternal and foetal risks are taken into consideration. Pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease has long been identified as high risk with medical and pregnancy related risks being more common compared to women without it. A range of foetal risks have also been reported but improvement in outcomes has been seen with better obstetric and haematological care and the emphasis on multidisciplinary teamwork. The meticulous management of iron overload and risks associated with repeated blood transfusions extends into the care of pregnant women with other haemoglobinopathies like thalassemias. PMID:24060203
Haematology of Indonesian large ruminants.
Thahar, A; Moran, J B; Wood, J T
Haematology parameters were measured in buffalo, Bali, Madura, Ongole and Grati (Friesian cross) bulls fed on either a high concentrate or a high roughage-based diet. Animals fed the high concentrate diet had the higher packed cell volumes and haemoglobin concentrations but lower red blood cell and white blood cell counts. Species differences were significant for all blood parameters measured, except red blood cell count. The buffalo and Bali had the highest packed cell volumes, haemoglobin concentrations and white blood cell counts followed by the Madura, Ongole and Grati bulls. When growth rate and feed efficiency were related to liveweight and blood values, only haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count had significant partial regression coefficients. Within breed or species blood and performance parameters were significantly related only for buffalo and Madura bulls. PMID:6306883
Clinical haematology of the southern brown bandicoot ( Isoodon obesulus )
R. M. Wicks; P. Clark
Haematological assessment may contribute in monitoring the health of wild animals. However, species-specific reference intervals are required for maximal information to be gained from any haematological assessment. The purpose of this study was to assess the haematological characteristics for a population of southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus), a small marsupial common, across southern Australia. Animals from a wild population (n=65)
Cancer stem cells in haematological malignancies
Golab, Jakub
At least several types of human haematological malignancies can now be seen as 'stem-cell diseases'. The best-studied in this context is acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It has been shown that these diseases are driven by a pool of 'leukaemia stem cells (LSC)', which remain in the quiescent state, have the capacity to survive and self-renew, and are responsible for the recurrence of cancer after classical chemotherapy. It has been understood that LSC must be eliminated in order to cure patients suffering from haematological cancers. Recent advances in LSC research have allowed for description of LSC phenotype and identification of potential targets for anti-LSC therapies. This concise review summarises the current view on LSC biology and targeted approaches against LSC. PMID:25691816
Immunomodulation in the treatment of haematological malignancies
Michela Cesco-Gaspere; Emma Morris; Hans J. Stauss
Despite the continuous advances in immunology and cancer biology, haematological malignancies are often incurable. Conventional\\u000a chemotherapy and radiation are efficacious for some lymphoma and leukaemia, however relapse and progressive disease often\\u000a occurs. The evidence that the immune system can play an essential role in controlling cancer progression provide a basis for\\u000a the development of active therapies, such as immunization, aimed
Haematological and Immunological Data Data set n Input
Roberts, Stephen
Haematological and Immunological Data Data set n Input 1 WBC 2 Hgb Haematology 3 MCV 4 Plat 5 Lymph 6 Neut 1 PanT% 2 CD4% Immunology 3 CD8% 4 PanT 5 CD4 6 CD8 slide1 #12; Data Type Data set KS+ (class 1) KS-- (class 3) Haematology Training 24 82 Test 4 10 Immunology Training 24 81 Test 4 10 KS
Haematological characteristics of morbid southern brown bandicoots ( Isoodon obesulus )
R. M. Wicks; P. Clark
Haematological assessment often forms an important part of the diagnosis of disease in wildlife, as animals may not exhibit clinical signs until late in the disease process to avoid appearing vulnerable to predators. This study investigated the haematological changes occurring in southern brown bandicoots suffering from injury and illness that were caught from the wild or presented to a Perth
Comparison of automated haematology analysers for detection of apoptotic lymphocytes.
Taga, K; Sawaya, M; Yoshida, M; Kaneko, M; Okada, M; Taniho, M
Automated haematology analysers can rapidly provide accurate blood cell counts and white blood cell differentials. In this study, we evaluated four different haematology analysers for the detection of apoptotic lymphocytes in peripheral blood: MAXM A/L Retic, H*2, Cell-Dyn 3500 and NE-8000. With the MAXM A/L Retic haematology analyser, the apoptotic lymphocyte cluster appeared below the original lymphocyte cluster on the volume/DF1, and to the right under the original lymphocyte cluster on the volume/DF2 scattergrams. With the H*2 haematology analyser, the apoptotic polymorphonuclear lymphocytes produced a higher lobularity index on the BASO channel. With the Cell-Dyn 3500 haematology analyser, the apoptotic lymphocyte cluster appeared to the right side of the original lymphocyte cluster on the 0D/10D scattergram and to the left side of the polymorphonuclear cluster on the 90D/10D scattergram. With the NE-8000 haematology analyser, the apoptotic lymphocyte cluster was not distinguishable. Thus, apoptotic lymphocytes are readily detected on scattergrams generated by selected haematology analysers. PMID:12067276
Gaucher disease: haematological presentations and complications.
Thomas, Alison S; Mehta, Atul; Hughes, Derralynn A
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, caused by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, required for the degradation of glycosphingolipids. Clinical manifestations include hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, bone disease and a bleeding diathesis, frequently resulting in presentation to haematologists. Historically managed by splenectomy, transfusions and orthopaedic surgery, the development of specific therapy in the form of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy in the 1990s has resulted in dramatic improvements in haematological and visceral disease. Recognition of complications, including multiple myeloma and Parkinson disease, has challenged the traditional macrophage-centric view of the pathophysiology of this disorder. The pathways by which enzyme deficiency results in the clinical manifestations of this disorder are poorly understood; altered inflammatory cytokine profiles, bioactive sphingolipid derivatives and alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment have been implicated. Further elucidating these pathways will serve to advance our understanding not only of GD, but of associated disorders. PMID:24588457
Zygomycosis in Immunocompromised non-Haematological Patients
Petrikkos, George; Drogari-Apiranthitou, Miranda
Zygomycoses caused by fungi of the mucorales order (mucormycoses) are emerging fungal diseases with a high fatality rate. The most important risk factors include neutropenia or functional neutropenia, diabetic ketoacidosis, iron overload, major trauma, prolonged use of corticosteroids, illicit intravenous drug (ID) use, neonatal prematurity, malnourishment, and maybe a previous exposure to antifungal agents with no activity against zygomycetes, such as voriconazole and echinocandins. A high index of suspicion is crucial for the diagnosis, as prompt and appropriate management can considerably reduce morbidity and mortality. Suspicion index can be increased through recognition of the differential patterns of clinical presentation. In the non- haematological immunocompromised patients, mucormycosis can manifest in various clinical forms, depending on the underlying condition: mostly as rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral in diabetes patients, pulmonary infection in patients with malignancy or solid organ transplantation, disseminated infection in iron overloaded or deferoxamine treated patients, cerebral - with no sinus involvement - in ID users, gastrointestinal in premature infants or malnourishment, and cutaneous after direct inoculation in immunocompetent individuals with trauma or burns. Treating a patient's underlying medical condition and reducing immunosuppression are essential to therapy. Rapid correction of metabolic abnormalities is mandatory in cases such as uncontrolled diabetes, and corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs should be discontinued where feasible. AmphotericinB or its newer and less toxic lipid formulations are the drugs of choice regarding antifungal chemotherapy, while extensive surgical debridement is essential to reduce infected and necrotic tissue. A high number of cases could be prevented through measures including diabetes control programmes and proper pre- and post-surgical hygiene. PMID:21625316
Haematological Reference Intervals in a Multiethnic Population
Ambayya, Angeli; Su, Anselm Ting; Osman, Nadila Haryani; Nik-Samsudin, Nik Rosnita; Khalid, Khadijah; Chang, Kian Meng; Sathar, Jameela; Rajasuriar, Jay Suriar; Yegappan, Subramanian
Introduction Similar to other populations, full blood count reference (FBC) intervals in Malaysia are generally derived from non-Malaysian subjects. However, numerous studies have shown significant differences between and within populations supporting the need for population specific intervals. Methods Two thousand seven hundred twenty five apparently healthy adults comprising all ages, both genders and three principal races were recruited through voluntary participation. FBC was performed on two analysers, Sysmex XE-5000 and Unicel DxH 800, in addition to blood smears and haemoglobin analysis. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor and C-reactive protein assays were performed in selected subjects. All parameters of qualified subjects were tested for normality followed by determination of reference intervals, measures of central tendency and dispersion along with point estimates for each subgroup. Results Complete data was available in 2440 subjects of whom 56% (907 women and 469 men) were included in reference interval calculation. Compared to other populations there were significant differences for haemoglobin, red blood cell count, platelet count and haematocrit in Malaysians. There were differences between men and women, and between younger and older men; unlike in other populations, haemoglobin was similar in younger and older women. However ethnicity and smoking had little impact. 70% of anemia in premenopausal women, 24% in postmenopausal women and 20% of males is attributable to iron deficiency. There was excellent correlation between Sysmex XE-5000 and Unicel DxH 800. Conclusion Our data confirms the importance of population specific haematological parameters and supports the need for local guidelines rather than adoption of generalised reference intervals and cut-offs. PMID:24642526
Types and Frequency of Preanalytical Errors in Haematology Lab
Upreti, Shashi; Upreti, Sanjay; Bansal, Rani; Jeelani, Nadia; Bharat, Vinay
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of the preanalytical errors occurring in a haematology laboratory. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by collecting and analyzing data in duration of one year in the haematology section of the laboratory. Data for all the preanalytical variables according to the predefined categories were scanned. Both IPD and OPD patients were segregated. Result: A total of 135808 samples were received in haematology lab during this period, out of which in 1339 samples, preanalytical errors were found, which approximately constituted 1 % of all samples. Conclusion: Highest number of samples were rejected due to misidentification, that is 0.35 % and least number were rejected due to dilution of the samples, that is 0.04 %. PMID:24392380
Autoimmune haematological disorders in two Italian children with Kabuki syndrome.
Giordano, Paola; Lassandro, Giuseppe; Sangerardi, Maria; Faienza, Maria Felicia; Valente, Federica; Martire, Baldassarre
Kabuki syndrome (also called Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare genetic disease described for the first time in Japan, characterised by anomalies in multiple organ systems and often associated with autoimmune disorders and impaired immune response. We herein report the clinical history, the therapeutic approach and the outcome of two children with Kabuki syndrome who developed autoimmune haematological disorders (haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia). Factors regarding differential diagnosis and interventions in better management of this syndrome and its complications are discussed. This is the first report of Italian children with autoimmune haematological disorders complicating Kabuki syndrome. PMID:24460868
Autoimmune haematological disorders in two Italian children with Kabuki Syndrome
Kabuki syndrome (also called Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare genetic disease described for the first time in Japan, characterised by anomalies in multiple organ systems and often associated with autoimmune disorders and impaired immune response. We herein report the clinical history, the therapeutic approach and the outcome of two children with Kabuki syndrome who developed autoimmune haematological disorders (haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia). Factors regarding differential diagnosis and interventions in better management of this syndrome and its complications are discussed. This is the first report of Italian children with autoimmune haematological disorders complicating Kabuki syndrome. PMID:24460868
HAEMATOLOGY AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF HAIRY NOSED WOMBATS (Lasiorhinus latifrons)
The report summarises an investigation into the health of wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in the field during the breeding season of a drought year. Health was assessed by morphometry, haematology and clinical chemistry and the findings were compared with those obtained for apparently healthy captive wombats. The erythrocyte count was lower and the erythrocyte size greater in free-ranging wombats than in
The Potential Role of Aurora Kinase Inhibitors in Haematological Malignancies
Farag, Sherif S.
Summary Aurora kinases play an important role in the control of the cell cycle and have been implicated in tumourigenesis in a number of cancers. Among the haematological malignancies, overexpression of Aurora kinases has been reported in acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, multiple myeloma, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. A large number of Aurora kinase inhibitors are currently in different stages of clinical development. In addition to varying in their selectivity for the different Aurora kinases, some also have activity directed at other cellular kinases involved in important molecular pathways in cancer cells. This review summarizes the biology of Aurora kinases and discusses why they may be good therapeutic targets in different haematological cancers. We describe preclinical data that has served as the rationale for investigating Aurora kinase inhibitors in different haematological malignancies, and summarize published results from early phase clinical trials. While the anti-tumour effects of Aurora kinase inhibitors appear promising, we highlight important issues for future clinical research and suggest that the optimal use of these inhibitors is likely to be in combination with cytotoxic agents already in use for the treatment of various haematological cancers. PMID:21980926
Haematology and blood chemistry values for several flamingo species
V. I. Peinado; F. J. Polo; G. Viscor; J. Palomeque
Reference values for some haematological and plasma chemical values in four species of clinically normal adult flamingos were established for use in avian medicine. The following variables were studied in rosy, greater, Chilean and lesser flamingos: haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haematimetric indices, erythrocyte dimensions, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline
Advances in Haematological Pharmacotherapy in 21st Century
Ghosh, Kinjalka
Last quarter of twentieth century and the first 10 years of 21st century has seen phenomenal development in haematological pharmacotherapy. Tailor made chemotherapeutic agents, vast array of monoclonal antibodies, epigenetic modifiers, growth factors for red cells white cells and platelets, peptidomimetics as growth factors, newer thrombin inhibitors, safer plasma derived protein molecules, recombinant molecules, newer immunomodulators, enzyme replacement therapy and above all a plethora of targetted molecules targeting innumerable pathways involved in cell division, growth, proliferation and apoptosis has given immense number of clinically usable molecules in the hand of modern haematologists to treat diverse hitherto untreatable haematological disorders effectively. In addition many old molecules are finding newer uses in diverse fields, thalidomide as an antiangiogenic molecule is a prime example of this genre. Present overview has tried to capture this rapidly evolving area in a broad canvas without going into details of indications and contraindications of the use of various drugs. PMID:21629633
Haematological malignancies: at the forefront of immunotherapeutic innovation.
Bachireddy, Pavan; Burkhardt, Ute E; Rajasagi, Mohini; Wu, Catherine J
The recent successes of cancer immunotherapies have stimulated interest in the potential widespread application of these approaches; haematological malignancies have provided both initial proofs of concept and an informative testing ground for various immune-based therapeutics. The immune-cell origin of many of the blood malignancies provides a unique opportunity both to understand the mechanisms of cancer immune responsiveness and immune evasion, and to exploit these mechanisms for therapeutic purposes. PMID:25786696
Haematological profile in leprosy. Part I--general findings.
Karat, A B; Rao, P S
Haematological studies in 904 adult leprosy patients with different types of leprosy, in various stages of the disease and treatment are described. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum albumin and serum iron are significantly lower among lepromatous leprosy patients as compared with non-lepromatous patients. The serum B12 levels were significantly higher among the lepromatous group. Acid fast bacilli have been demonstrated in skin smear negative leprosy patients with indeterminate and tuberculoid leprosy, suggesting occurrence of bacillaemia in these groups of patients. PMID:909286
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, a peer-reviewed online journal and database provided by Infobiogen, is "devoted to genes, cytogenetics, and clinical entities in cancer, and cancer-prone diseases." Users can search the materials by genes, leukaemias, solid tumors, cancer prone diseases, and chromosomes. Researchers can find links to scientific societies and meetings. Students can explore educational materials on Mendelian and non-Mendelian Inheritance, chromosomes, population genetics, and additional human genetics topics. The website also offers reviews and case reports.
Haematology and blood chemistry values for several flamingo species.
Peinado, V I; Polo, F J; Viscor, G; Palomeque, J
Reference values for some haematological and plasma chemical values in four species of clinically normal adult flamingos were established for use in avian medicine. The following variables were studied in rosy, greater, Chilean and lesser flamingos: haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haematimetric indices, erythrocyte dimensions, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, total phosphorus, chloride, total plasma protein, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and osmolality. PMID:18670915
Antifungal prophylaxis in the haematological patient: a practical approach.
Vázquez, Lourdes; Carreras, Enric; Serrano, David; Jarque, Isidro; Mensa, José; Barberán, José
Antifungal prophylaxis in the haematological patient is currently regarded as the gold standard in situations with a high risk of infection, such as acute leukaemias, myelodysplastic syndromes and autologous or allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Over the years, different scientific societies have established a series of recommendations on antifungal prophylaxis based on prospective studies performed with different drugs. However, the prescription of each one of the agents must be personalised, adapted to the characteristics of each patient and to possible interactions with concomitant medication. PMID:23303265
Performance and haematological indices in rats exposed to monocrotophos contamination.
Sunmonu, T O; Oloyede, O B
Monocrotophos is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture to control insect pests. Changes in performance and haematological parameters (such as packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes) were used to assess the effect of the pesticide on rats chronically exposed to 12.5 parts per million (ppm), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm for 10 days, while the control rats were placed on borehole water. Administration of the pesticide to the animals resulted in several physical deteriorations including appearance and agility. A significant reduction (p < .05) was observed in the weight gained by rats while the liver-to-body weight ratio increased significantly (p < .05) as the level of exposure to monocrotophos increased. Whereas packed cell volume, white blood cells and lymphocytes increased significantly (p < .05), neutrophils and eosinophils counts reduced significantly (p < .05) as the concentration of monocrotophos in the drinking water increased. Overall, the data indicated that exposure to monocrotophos portends serious consequences on the performance and haematological parameters of rats. PMID:20194576
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Haematological Malignancies
Garitano-Trojaola, Andoni; Agirre, Xabier; Prósper, Felipe; Fortes, Puri
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs are as diverse as mRNAs and they normally share the same biosynthetic machinery based on RNA polymerase II, splicing and polyadenylation. However, lncRNAs have low coding potential. Compared to mRNAs, lncRNAs are preferentially nuclear, more tissue specific and expressed at lower levels. Most of the lncRNAs described to date modulate the expression of specific genes by guiding chromatin remodelling factors; inducing chromosomal loopings; affecting transcription, splicing, translation or mRNA stability; or serving as scaffolds for the organization of cellular structures. They can function in cis, cotranscriptionally, or in trans, acting as decoys, scaffolds or guides. These functions seem essential to allow cell differentiation and growth. In fact, many lncRNAs have been shown to exert oncogenic or tumor suppressor properties in several cancers including haematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize what is known about lncRNAs, the mechanisms for their regulation in cancer and their role in leukemogenesis, lymphomagenesis and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in cancer, with special attention to haematological malignancies. PMID:23887658
Multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein in haematological malignancies.
Pasman, P C; Schouten, H C
The phenomenon that a tumour, resistant to a cytotoxic drug, is also resistant to a large number of other drugs used in cancer chemotherapy, is called multidrug resistance. A transmembrane protein, known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is involved in this resistance pattern. P-gp is able to pump large, lipophilic molecules out of the cell. 'Naturally occurring' drugs such as the anthracyclines and the Vinca alkaloids meet these criteria. To study the future clinical implications of multidrug resistance, we have gathered data in the literature on the presence of P-gp in haematological malignancies. At diagnosis 14-62% of all patients showed P-gp expression. Of previously treated patients 29-62% was positive for P-gp. A slight tendency to find a higher frequency of P-gp positivity in these previously treated patients was observed (so-called 'acquired resistance'). Early mutation and selection by the cytotoxic drug could account for the higher levels in treated patients. Chemotherapy itself could induce the expression of the P-gp pump. With the use of in vitro work various pharmacological agents have been found that can antagonize P-gp's function. Using these agents in clinical trials, some refractory patients showed a response to chemotherapy. We conclude that P-gp is probably just one of many causes of drug resistance in patients with haematological malignancies. Clinical results in some studies look promising, but many problems have still to be solved before common use. PMID:8104318
Haematological and blood chemical values from Bothrops ammodytoides (ophidia-crotalidae) in captivity
J. C. Troiano; J. C. Vidal; E. F. Gould; G. Malinskas; J. Gould; M. Scaglione; L. Scaglione; J. J. Heker; C. Simoncini; H. Dinápoli
In order to establish reference haematological and blood chemistry parameters, blood samples were obtained from 50 healthy\\u000a specimens ofBothrops ammodytoides kept in captivity. The haematological parameters determined were: red blood cell count (RBC); total leucocyte (WBC) and differential\\u000a leucocyte cell count; thrombocyte count; haematocrit (PCV); haemoglobin concentration; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean\\u000a corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
Normal and clinical haematology of greater and lesser flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus and Phoeniconaias minor).
Hawkey, C M; Hart, M G; Samour, H J
Normal haematological reference values were obtained for Greater and Lesser flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus, Phoeniconaias minor). Statistically significant differences in the total white cell count and the absolute heterophil count were found in the two species. The reference values were used to identify abnormalities in the blood of five sick birds. Three of these were anaemic, all showed red cell hypochromia and four had heterophilia. The findings suggested that haematological testing is of potential diagnostic value in the species. PMID:18766947
Guidelines on Vaccinations in Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Patients
Cesaro, Simone; Giacchino, Mareva; Fioredda, Francesca; Barone, Angelica; Battisti, Laura; Bezzio, Stefania; Frenos, Stefano; De Santis, Raffaella; Livadiotti, Susanna; Marinello, Serena; Zanazzo, Andrea Giulio; Caselli, Désirée
Objective. Vaccinations are the most important tool to prevent infectious diseases. Chemotherapy-induced immune depression may impact the efficacy of vaccinations in children. Patients and Methods. A panel of experts of the supportive care working group of the Italian Association Paediatric Haematology Oncology (AIEOP) addressed this issue by guidelines on vaccinations in paediatric cancer patients. The literature published between 1980 and 2013 was reviewed. Results and Conclusion. During intensive chemotherapy, vaccination turned out to be effective for hepatitis A and B, whilst vaccinations with toxoid, protein subunits, or bacterial antigens should be postponed to the less intensive phases, to achieve an adequate immune response. Apart from varicella, the administration of live-attenuated-virus vaccines is not recommended during this phase. Family members should remain on recommended vaccination schedules, including toxoid, inactivated vaccine (also poliomyelitis), and live-attenuated vaccines (varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella). By the time of completion of chemotherapy, insufficient serum antibody levels for vaccine-preventable diseases have been reported, while immunological memory appears to be preserved. Once immunological recovery is completed, usually after 6 months, response to booster or vaccination is generally good and allows patients to be protected and also to contribute to herd immunity. PMID:24868544
Guidelines for point-of-care testing: haematology.
Briggs, Carol; Guthrie, David; Hyde, Keith; Mackie, Ian; Parker, Norman; Popek, Mary; Porter, Neil; Stephens, Clare
This guideline provides a framework for the arrangement of point-of-care testing (POCT) services, previously known as near patient testing (patient self-testing not covered). POCT is defined as any analytical test performed outside the laboratory. Primary users are often non-laboratory healthcare workers. The guidance applies to units within hospitals as well as general practioner surgeries, community clinics and pharmacies. The head of the haematology laboratory or a point of care coordinator must take responsibility for all aspects of the POCT service, including quality and training. Depending on the size and nature of the POCT practice, a local POCT manager may also be required. Equipment selected should have received a successful independent performance evaluation. If an independent evaluation has not been performed the purchaser should assess the device according to the protocol in this document. POCT devices should generate results that are comparable to those of the local laboratory. An accredited external quality assessment programme and internal quality control system must be established. Manufacturers promoting POCT devices designed for non-laboratory sites, e.g. pharmacies, should undertake training and annual competency assessment, perhaps using a web-based system. A diagram to illustrate the stages for the implementation of a POCT service is illustrated. PMID:18671699
Incidence and pattern of liver involvement in haematological malignancies.
Walz-Mattmüller, R; Horny, H P; Ruck, P; Kaiserling, E
The incidence and pattern of liver involvement in 127 liver specimens (2 biopsy and 125 autopsy specimens) from cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia (25), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (7), acute lymphatic leukaemia (5), chronic lymphatic leukaemia (9), multiple myeloma (25), low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25), high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (24) and myeloproliferative diseases (7) were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically. Liver infiltration was found frequently in chronic leukaemia and myeloproliferative diseases (80-100%), acute leukaemia (60-70%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (50-60%), but was significantly less common in multiple myeloma (32%) than in any of the other diagnostic groups. Hepatomegaly was found in over 50% of cases in all the diagnostic groups, but was not always associated with infiltration. Diffuse, non-destructive infiltration was most common: in acute myelogenous leukaemia, both the portal triads and sinusoids were usually involved; in chronic myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma and myeloproliferative diseases, infiltration was mainly sinusoidal; and in lymphatic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the portal triads were mainly involved. Nodular infiltration was seen in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The primary tumours and liver infiltrates generally exhibited the same immunophenotype, although reactivity with the antibody L26 (CD20) was only found in the primary lesion in many high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Thus, liver involvement is common in haematological malignancies, but the incidence and pattern of infiltration vary amongst the different types. PMID:9842637
Haematological characteristics associated with parasitism in bream, Abramis brama orientalis.
Hayatbakhsh, Mohammad Reza; Khara, Hossein; Movahed, Rashideh; Sayadborani, Mohammad; Rohi, Javad Daghigh; Ahmadnezhad, Mohadesseh; Rahbar, Mina; Rad, Amir Sajedi
A parasitological investigation was done on 175 specimens. Infections of A. brama orientalis were analyzed according to the age and sex. The fish also were examined for evaluation changes of haematological parameters in relation to parasitic infection. Four parasites were found, including-Caryophyllaeus laticeps and Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda), Diplostomum spathaceum (Platyhelminthes) and Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora). Among identified parasites maximum prevalence and mean intensity were related to Ligula intestinalis and Caryophyllaeus laticeps respectively. The values of prevalence and mean intensity showed significant differences among ages. Our results revealed prevalence, mean intensity and abundance had not significant difference between males and females. Parasite infection provoked reduction (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, mean cell volume and lymphocyte. On the other hand, significant increase (P < 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC), mean cell haemoglobin concentration and neutrophil in blood of infected fish was observed. Significant differences were detected for the WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil (infected versus uninfected by Trichodina sp., Diplostomum spathaceum and Caryophyllaeus laticeps). In addition to WBC and lymphocytes, significant change was observed for the haemoglobin (Hb) (infected versus uninfected by Ligula intestinalis). PMID:25320488
Comparison of some haematological parameters between three bird Comparison of some haematological parameters between three bird species from the species from the Columbidae Columbidae family - family - short communication
Lubomir Lashev; Huben Hubenov; Yordan Nikolov; Valentina Lasheva; Radoslav Mihailov
Investigations into some haematological values in birds from three Columbidae species e.g. pigeons, (Columba livia domestica), collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) and African collared doves, (Streptopelia roseogrisea) have been performed. In all three species, high haemoglobin concentrations, and respectively high red blood cell counts were observed. In S. decaocto the red blood cell count was extremely high, corresponding to the high
Cancer stem cells and the cellular hierarchy in haematological malignancies.
Johnsen, Hans Erik; Kjeldsen, Malene Krag; Urup, Thomas; Fogd, Kirsten; Pilgaard, Linda; Boegsted, Martin; Nyegaard, Mette; Christiansen, Ilse; Bukh, Anne; Dybkaer, Karen
Malignancies in the haematopoietic system seem to depend on a small subset of so-called cancer stem cells (CSC) for their continued growth and progression - this was first described as the "sleeper-feeder theory" for leukaemia. The leukaemia stem cell was the first of such subsets to be described although the origins of these cells have been difficult to dissect. Consequently, their biology is not fully elucidated, which also holds true for the normal-tissue counterparts. The stem cell concept describes stem cells to be of low frequency, self renewing and with multilineage potential based on phenomenology - a definition which may not hold strictly true for CSCs when studied in animals and humans in vivo and in vitro. Several studies have analysed the cellular hierarchy of the haematopoietic system by cell sorting of few and even single cells, tracking acquired genetic changes and performing transplantation model studies to document subsets within the differentiating hierarchy as potential CSC compartments. In leukaemia the CSC has been described in the bone marrow compartment of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC); however, in other bone marrow disorders like multiple myeloma it is likely that the cell of origin is a more differentiated cell, like post-germinal memory B cells or plasmablasts. Studies performed so far have even indicated that the genetic events may occur in different B cell subsets in accordance with the stepwise oncogenesis of the disease. Although our understanding of the nature and biology of these initiating cells remains unknown, the obvious existence of such cells has implications for understanding initial malignant transformation and disease metastasis or progression and, most important, the selection of individualised therapeutic strategies targeting the subsets harbouring the CSC function. In the present review on stem cells in haematological malignancies we have focused on two topics, first, describing the stem cell concept in health and disease, and its "phenomenology", and second, describing the CSC compartments in leukaemia and multiple myeloma. PMID:19775618
Haematological and Biochemical Values or the Blood and Blood Serum of Captive Northern White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni)
J. Váhala; V. Kaše; O. A. Ryder
Va h a I a 1., F. K d e and O. A. R Y d e r: Haematological and Biochemical Values of the Blood and Blood Serum of Captive Northern White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). Acta vet. Brno, 63,1994: 99-102. Haematological and biochemical blood and blood serum values obtained from 7 northern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) kept in
Working classification of chronic myeloproliferative disorders based on histological, haematological, and clinical findings
R Burkhardt; R Bartl; K Jäger; B Frisch; G Kettner; G Mahl; M Sund
Bone marrow biopsies of 850 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders were taken at initial diagnosis; and 169 sequential biopsies over periods of one to 188 months. Three micron sections of all biopsies were evaluated semiquantitatively with reference to the proliferating cell lines, anomalies of megakaryocytes, and fibrosis or osteosclerosis. Correlations between initial histological findings, clinical, haematological, and survival data were
Pain syndromes in the setting of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies
P Niscola; C Romani; L Scaramucci; T Dentamaro; L Cupelli; A Tendas; D Piccioni; M Giovannini; B Tolu; C Cartoni; E Arcuri; A Perrotti; R Palumbo; P de Fabritiis
Severe pain syndromes may be recorded during all phases of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for haematological malignancies: from stem cell mobilization to the long-term post transplant period. Although the major cause of pain in the setting of HSCT is injury to mucosal tissues induced by the conditioning regimen, pain from several other causes has been reported. In this paper,
Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Sweden
Background Establishment of haematological and biochemical reference intervals is important to assess health of animals on individual and population level. Reference intervals for 13 haematological and 34 biochemical variables were established based on 88 apparently healthy free-ranging brown bears (39 males and 49 females) in Sweden. The animals were chemically immobilised by darting from a helicopter with a combination of medetomidine, tiletamine and zolazepam in April and May 2006–2012 in the county of Dalarna, Sweden. Venous blood samples were collected during anaesthesia for radio collaring and marking for ecological studies. For each of the variables, the reference interval was described based on the 95% confidence interval, and differences due to host characteristics sex and age were included if detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reference intervals for free-ranging brown bears in Sweden. Results The following variables were not affected by host characteristics: red blood cell, white blood cell, monocyte and platelet count, alanine transaminase, amylase, bilirubin, free fatty acids, glucose, calcium, chloride, potassium, and cortisol. Age differences were seen for the majority of the haematological variables, whereas sex influenced only mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, aspartate aminotransferase, lipase, lactate dehydrogenase, ?-globulin, bile acids, triglycerides and sodium. Conclusions The biochemical and haematological reference intervals provided and the differences due to host factors age and gender can be useful for evaluation of health status in free-ranging European brown bears. PMID:25139149
Haematological and biochemical values of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) after using different methods of capture
Silvestra Kobal; Andrej Bidovec
Haematological and biochemical examinations have been carried out on different occasions in 12 healthy farmed female fallow deer in order to estimate whether there are differences in blood parameters regarding the method (physically restrained, tranquillized, shot) of sampling. The following parameters (means and standard deviation - SD) were examined on all samples: erythrocyte count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell
Haematological response of curimbas Prochilodus lineatus, naturally infected with Neoechinorhynchus curemai.
Belo, M A A; Souza, D G F; Faria, V P; Prado, E J R; Moraes, F R; Onaka, E M
This study evaluated the haematological response of curimbas Prochilodus lineatus, naturally infected with Neoechinorhynchus curemai (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae). Thirty-seven fish were captured in October 2010 from the Mogi Guaçu River, Porto Ferreira, SP, Brazil. Infected fish presented increased mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and lower thrombocyte and higher monocyte counts than uninfected fish. PMID:23557315
Patient-specific analysis of sequential haematological data by multiple linear regression and mixture distribution modelling
C. E. McLaren; E. L. Kambour; G. J. McLachlan; H. C. Lukaski; X. Li; G. M. Brittenham; G. D. McLaren
SUMMARY Automated storage and analysis of the results of serial haematologic studies are now technically feasible with present-day laboratory instruments and devices for data storage and processing. In current practice, physicians mentally compare a laboratory result with previous values and use their clinical judgement to determine the signicance of any change. To provide a statistical basis for this process, we
Haematological values of post-laying Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) in the Orinoco River, Venezuela.
Rossini, M; Blanco, P A; Marín, E; Comerma-Steffensen, S; Zerpa, H
The Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is an endangered species, as a result of long-lasting, unsustainable exploitation. To obtain reference haematological values from the wild Podocnemis expansa during post-laying, 20 turtles were captured in the Orinoco River. Blood was obtained from the dorsal cervical sinus in lithium heparin tubes. Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes (TC), packed cell volume (PCV), plasmatic protein (PP), haemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and differential leukocyte count were determined. Haematological values were: RBC 0.9×10(9)/L, WBC 5.7×10(9)/L, TC 5.4×10(9)/L, PCV 35.6%, PP 4.2g/dL, Hgb 11.8g/dL, MCV 411fL. The differential leukocyte count comprised: 71% heterophils, 23% lymphocytes, 3% eosinophils, 1.6% basophils, and 1% monocytes. The reports of reference haematology values for the wild P. expansa are limited; therefore, the results presented herein contrast with those values obtained in captivity. This study represents a contribution to the referential haematological values of the wild P. expansa. PMID:21122881
Occupational exposures and haematological abnormalities among ordnance factory workers: A case control study
R. R. West; D. A. Stafford
The lifetime exposures to an extensive list of chemical and other potentially toxic hazards were estimated for all available employees at an ordnance factory by questionnaire-based interview. Exposure histories of 32 (of 33) previously diagnosed as haematologically abnormal (cases) were compared with 322 (of 345) normals (controls). Among 'ordnance factory chemicals', modestly increased odds ratios were observed for men for
Toxic effects of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats
Adeolu A. Adedapo; Matthew O. Abatan; Olufunso O. Olorunsogo
ADEDAPO, A. A., M. O. ABATAN, O. O. OLORUNSOGO: Toxic effects of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats. Vet. arhiv 74, 53-62, 2004. ABSTRACT The toxic effects of 5 suspected poisonous plants of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton, E. heterophylla L., E. hirta L., E. hyssopifolia L., and E. lateriflora Schum and
Normal and clinical haematology of greater and lesser flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus and Phoeniconaias minor)
C. M. Hawkey; M. G. Hart; H. J. Samour
Normal haematological reference values were obtained for Greater and Lesser flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus, Phoeniconaias minor). Statistically significant differences in the total white cell count and the absolute heterophil count were found in the two species. The reference values were used to identify abnormalities in the blood of five sick birds. Three of these were anaemic, all showed red cell hypochromia
Haematological values of post-laying Arrau turtle ( Podocnemis expansa) in the Orinoco River, Venezuela
M. Rossini; P. A. Blanco; E. Marín; S. Comerma-Steffensen; H. Zerpa
The Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is an endangered species, as a result of long-lasting, unsustainable exploitation. To obtain reference haematological values from the wild Podocnemis expansa during post-laying, 20 turtles were captured in the Orinoco River. Blood was obtained from the dorsal cervical sinus in lithium heparin tubes. Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes (TC), packed cell
Haematological factors associated with proliferative retinopathy in homozygous sickle cell disease
R. J. Hayes; P. I. Condon; G. R. Serjeant
Haematological indices were investigated in 261 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, 29 of whom had developed proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR). After allowing for age-related effects, male patients with high Hb (> 9 g\\/dl) and low HbF (< 5%) levels appeared to constitute a high risk group for PSR. This relationship was not evident in females, PSR being observed in
Dynamics of haematology and blood biochemistry in free-living African whitebacked vulture ( Pseudogyps africanus) nestlings
Erika van Wyk; Herman van der Bank; Gerhard H. Verdoorn
Reference values for some haematological- and plasma chemical parameters were established in 33 apparently normal, free-living African whitebacked vulture (Pseudogyps africanus) nestlings. This information can be used in future ornithological research. A total of 27 variables were examined, which include: leucocyte- and erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, haematimetric indices, glucose, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin\\/globulin ratio, cholesterol, total
Serious haematological toxicity during and after ipilimumab treatment: a case series
Introduction Immunotherapy with the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab has been shown to improve overall survival in previously treated and treatment-naďve patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Consistent with its proposed immunomodulating mechanism of action, the most common toxicities associated with ipilimumab therapy are immune-related in nature and include those related to the skin and gastrointestinal tract, with endocrine and hepatic events also frequent. Other rare adverse events, including haematological aberrations, may also occur and can have serious consequences if unrecognised. Here we describe three patients who developed serious haematological adverse events during or after treatment with ipilimumab. Case presentation Three Caucasian patients (two women aged 68 and 49 years and one man aged 70 years) with metastatic melanoma experienced anaemia and/or leukopenia (neutropenia) with toxicity of various grades during or after treatment with ipilimumab, without significant changes to other haematological values. Two of the patients stopped treatment after the third ipilimumab dose, one because of severe anaemia that required blood transfusion and the other due to febrile neutropenia that was treated with antibiotics and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulation. The third patient developed anaemia and leukopenia after treatment during the follow-up period. The results of autoimmunity tests performed were positive and corticosteroids were used to treat these events as per side-effects treatment algorithms specifically developed for the management of immune-related adverse events associated with ipilimumab, an approach that was safe and effective. Conclusions Haematological toxicity is a rare but potentially serious immune-related side effect of ipilimumab therapy. However, if promptly recognised and treated, haematological toxicity is manageable and can be reversed with standard corticosteroid treatment as recommended for other ipilimumab immune-related side effects. PMID:24986059
Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets
Adebayo Olusoji Oni; Oluwasanmi Moses Arigbede; Olusiji Sunday Sowande; Uchenna Young Anele; Oluwakemi Oluremilekun Oni; Chryss Friday Ijeoma Onwuka; Olufemi Sunday Onifade; Kafayat Omowumi Yusuf; Peter Aniwe Dele; Ronke Yemisi Aderinboye
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and\\u000a 60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African\\u000a Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored\\u000a in 40 male goats
Co-inheritance of ?+thalassaemia and sickle trait results in specific effects on haematological parameters
Wambua, Sammy; Mwacharo, Jedidah; Uyoga, Sophie; Macharia, Alexander; Williams, Thomas N
Both the sickle cell trait (HbAS) and ?+thalassaemia are common in many tropical areas. While individually their haematological effects have been well described previously, few studies describe their effects when inherited together. We present data from the coast of Kenya, which suggest that HbAS and ?+thalassaemia may interact to result in specific effects on haematological parameters. Overall, the difference in Hb concentrations between nonthalassaemics (??/??) and ?+thalassaemia homozygotes (??/??) was greater in non-HbAS (HbAA) (0.63g/dl) than in HbAS children (0.25 g/dl). In addition, HbAS ameliorated both the reduced MCV and reduced MCH normally associated with the ??/?? genotype. Potential mechanisms and implications are discussed. PMID:16611313
Haematology and morphological changes in young broiler chicks with experimentally induced hypoxia.
Maxwell, M H; Tullett, S G; Burton, F G
The haematology, histology and ultrastructure of day-old broiler chicks subject to experimentally induced hypoxia during incubation were examined. Some birds were allowed to reach five weeks old before examination. All the red blood cell parameters, namely, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red cell counts were raised significantly in hypoxic birds compared with control material and the results closely resembled the haematological profile of young broilers with an ascitic syndrome. By week 5 these parameters had returned to normal. Morphological changes were seen in all the organs examined from day-old hypoxic chicks. The lungs showed much congestion and large numbers of granulocytes were present in hearts, and testes. In the livers, hepatocytes contained enlarged mitochondria together with a reduction in glycogen content. Congested lungs were seen at five weeks old but recovery to normal morphology was observed in all other organs. PMID:3444980
Co-existence of TB and adult haematological cancers in Benin City, Nigeria.
Omoti, Caroline Edijana; Olu-Eddo, Adesuwa Noma; Nwannadi, Alexander Ikenna
Tuberculosis is an ancient human scourge that continues to be an important public health problem worldwide. As impaired immunity is closely associated with the pathogenesis of TB, an increase in the incidence of the disease among patients with cancer is anticipated. A total of 20 cases of haematological cancers co-existing with TB in a tertiary hospital in an African setting between January 2005 and September 2008 were analysed. Clinico-pathologic profiles, types of TB infection and outcome were noted. The incidence of TB in patients with haematological malignancies was 3.4%. Lymphoma and leukaemia were the most common malignancies associated with TB. With the high incidence of such cases we recommend the exclusion of an active disease prior to the initiation of cancer therapy. Chemoprophylaxis might be indicated in TB endemic areas. PMID:19762570
Effects of lichen extracts on haematological parameters of rats with experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Colak, Suat; Geyiko?lu, Fatime; Aslan, Ali; Deniz, Gül?ah Y?ld?z
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world is steadily increasing. Oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic complications, including diabetic haematological changes. Lichens are used as food supplements and are also used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. We hypothesized that antioxidant activity of lichens may decrease hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and prevent the development of diabetic complications, including abnormality in haematological condition. Therefore, the effects of Cetraria islandica water extract (CIWE) and Pseudevernia furfuracea water extract (PFWE) on the haematological parameters of rats with type 1 DM were investigated for the first time in the present study. Control Sprague-Dawley or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with water lichen extracts (5-500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) for 2 weeks, starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anaesthetized and haematological and metabolic parameters were determined between control and experimental groups. In addition, the total oxidative stress (TOS), a specific indicator of oxidative stress, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by biochemical studies. In diabetic rats, CIWE of 250-500 mg/kg bw dose showed more prominent results when compared with doses of PFWE for TAC. The results obtained in the present study suggested that the antioxidant activities of lichens might be the possible reason behind the observed antihaematological status. However, the protective effect of lichen extracts were inadequate on diabetes-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia. In addition, the extracts have no effect on metabolic complications. Our experimental data showed that high doses of CIWE and PFWE alone have no detrimental effect on blood cells and TOS status of plasma. Hence, they are safe and suitable for different administration routes. PMID:23114377
Selected haematological and plasma chemistry parameters in juvenile and adult degus (Octodon degus)
V. Jekl; K. Hauptman; E. Jeklova; Z. Knotek
Thirty-five juvenile (mean age 6.3 weeks) and 35 adult (mean age 2.0 years) healthy degus (Octodon degus) were studied to investigate selected haematological and plasma biochemistry parameters. Animals were anaesthetised with isoflurane, and blood was withdrawn from the cranial vena cava. Erythrocyte, haematocrit and neutrophil counts (including the percentage of neutrophils) were significantly higher in the adult degus than in
Haematology of great sturgeon ( Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juvenile exposed to clove powder as an anaesthetic
Asad Mohammadizarejabad; Kazem Darvish Bastami; Mohammad Sudagar; Somayeh Pourali Motlagh
The anaesthetic effects of clove powder were studied in juvenile great sturgeon. Haematological parameters were assessed before,\\u000a immediately after and 24 h after 10 min of anaesthesia using clove powder at 175, 225, 275 and 350 mg\\/L concentrations. The\\u000a 10-min exposure to clove powder caused a significant increase (P?0.05) in the haematocrit, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte count after anaesthesia. These values returned back
The study of some haematological and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile beluga ( Huso huso ) fed oligofructose
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Daniel L. Merrifield; Bagher Mojazi Amiri; Saeed Yelghi; Kazem Darvish Bastami
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary oligofructose (1, 2 and 3%) on the blood profiles of beluga (Huso huso) juveniles (18.77 ± 0.76 g) compared to fish fed an un-supplemented diet. After 7 weeks of feeding on the experimental diets,\\u000a haematological parameters, metabolic products (cholesterol, glucose and total protein) and serum enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase,\\u000a alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate
Change in haematological profile of pregnant camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) at term
Ahsan Saeed; Irfan Ahmad Khan; Mohammad Majad Hussein
Haematological parameters of 28 pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius) were compared with those of 32 non-pregnant camels (C. dromedarius). The parameters compared were: total erythrocytes count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular\\u000a volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total leucocyte count (TLC). Results\\u000a obtained indicate that RBC, Hb and PCV decreased in the later
Effects of iron glycine chelate on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs
J. Feng; W. Q. Ma; Z. R. Xu; Y. Z. Wang; J. X. Liu
The study was conducted to determine the effects of iron glycine chelate (Fe-Gly) on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs. One hundred and eighty pigs (initial weight of 7.81±0.72kg) were allotted to six treatments based on live weight and litter origin. Treatments consisted of: (1) control (no Fe supplementation); (2) 30mgFe\\/kg diet from Fe-Gly; (3) 60mgFe\\/kg diet from
The Prognostic Significance of HbF in Childhood Haematological Malignancies.
Mallick, Debjani; Karmakar, Rupam; Barui, Gopinath; Gon, Sonia; Chakrabarti, Sudipta
The degree of increase in foetal haemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in haematological malignancies may be associated with the degree of malignancy. The aim of the present study was to quantify HbF levels in various childhood haematological malignancies and also, to ascertain its prognostic significance by comparing the results with the already established standard prognostic factors. Newly diagnosed cases of haematological malignancies in the paediatric age group were included in the study. HbF levels were estimated in each case of the study group along with HbF levels of control group comprising healthy children of same age group. The estimation was done by HPLC and Modified Betke's method. 50 cases of newly diagnosed haematological malignancies were studied out of which most of the cases were of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) [n = 30(60 %)] followed by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) [n = 8(16 %)], Hodgkin's lymphoma [n = 7(14%)], non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [n = 5(10 %)]. Raised HbF levels were found in 43.3 % cases of ALL (13/30) and 37.5 % cases of AML (3/8). No significant rise in HbF level was found in cases of lymphomas. There was correlation between raised HbF level and poor prognostic factors in cases of ALL but no such correlation was found in cases of AML. HbF levels are often elevated in childhood leukaemias as compared to childhood lymphomas. Thus, the concentration of HbF in acute childhood leukaemia may be considered as a prognostic factor. PMID:25548456
Haematological and genotoxic responses in an urban adapter, the banana bat, foraging at wastewater treatment works.
Naidoo, Samantha; Vosloo, Dalene; Schoeman, M Corrie
Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTWs) are a ubiquitous feature of the urban landscape. The Banana Bat, Neoromicia nana specifically exploits the high abundance of chironomid midge prey available at WWTWs but these populations also have higher levels of non-essential metals (Cd, Cr and Ni) in their tissues than bats foraging at unpolluted sites. Pollutant exposure may elicit primary physiological responses such as DNA damage and haematological changes. We investigated whether pollutant exposure from foraging at WWTWs impacts haematological and genotoxic parameters in N. nana. We compared four measures of haematological/genotoxic damage between N. nana foraging at three WWTWs and two unpolluted sites located in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: DNA damage measured by the Comet assay, total antioxidant capacity as indicated by the FRAP assay, chromosomal aberration indicated by micronuclei formation and blood oxygen capacity based on haematocrits. There was significantly higher DNA damage in N. nana at WWTWs than in bats from unpolluted sites, suggesting inadequate repair to double stranded DNA breaks. In addition, WWTW bats had a significantly lower antioxidant capacity than bats from unpolluted sites. This suggests that bats at WWTWs may have a diminished capacity to cope with the excess reactive oxidative species (ROS) produced from pollutants such as metals. There was no increase in micronucleus frequency in WWTW bats, indicating that cellular functioning has not yet been disrupted by chemical exposure. Haematocrits, however, were significantly higher in WWTW bats, possibly due to erythrocyte production in response to certain pollutants. Thus, effects of pollutant exposure in bats foraging at WWTWs elicit sub-lethal haematological and genotoxic responses which may pose serious long-term risks. This provides evidence that WWTWs, that are aimed to remove pollutants from the environment, can themselves act as a source of contamination and pose a threat to animals exploiting these habitats. PMID:24953517
Candiduria in haematologic malignancy patients without a urinary catheter: nothing more than a frailty marker?
Georgiadou, Sarah P; Tarrand, Jeffrey; Sipsas, Nikolaos V; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P
There is scarcity of data regarding significance of candiduria in patients with haematologic malignancies and its association with invasive candidiasis. To that end, we retrospectively evaluated all hospitalised, non-intensive care unit patients with haematologic malignancies and candiduria during a 10-year period (2001-2011). To decrease the possibility of bladder colonisation and sample contamination, we excluded all patients with candiduria who had urinary catheters and those with concomitant bacteriuria. Twenty-four such patients (21 females) were identified, with median age at diagnosis 62?years (range, 20-82?years). Acute leukaemia was the most common underlying disease (54%); 62% of these cases were not in remission. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 25% were neutropenic. The most common isolated Candida species was Candida glabrata (37%), followed by C. albicans (29%). Only 8% of them had urinary tract infection symptoms. However, 88% received systemic antifungals. Candidemia and crude mortality rates at 4?weeks were low (4% and 12% respectively). Isolated candiduria in patients with haematologic malignancies has risk factors similar to those in other hospitalised patients, and it does not seem to be a strong predictor of subsequent invasive candidiasis. PMID:23170870
Haematological and Biochemical Parameters during the Laying Period in Common Pheasant Hens Housed in Enhanced Cages
Hrab?áková, Petra; Voslá?ová, Eva; Bedá?ová, Iveta; Pišt?ková, Vladimíra; Chloupek, Jan; Ve?erek, Vladimír
The development of selected haematological and biochemical parameters during the laying period was monitored in common pheasant hens housed in an enhanced cage system. The cages were enhanced by the addition of two perches and a shelter formed by strips of cloth hanging in the corner of the cage. The results showed significant changes in the haematological and biochemical parameters monitored during egg laying. At the time when laying capacity approached a maximum, a decrease was observed (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, erythrocytes, and haemoglobin values, whereas monocytes, eosinophils, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, phosphorus, and calcium exhibited an increase (P < 0.05). At the end of the laying period, an increase (P < 0.05) was recorded in the count of leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes and basophils, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, phosphorus, and calcium, whereas lower values (P < 0.05) were recorded for haematocrit and plasma total protein in comparison with the values of the indicators at the beginning of the laying period. The results provide new information about dynamic changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy common pheasant hens during the laying period. PMID:25121117
An 8-year survey of strains identified in blood cultures in a clinical haematology unit.
Bousquet, A; Malfuson, J-V; Sanmartin, N; Konopacki, J; MacNab, C; Souleau, B; de Revel, T; Elouennass, M; Samson, T; Soler, C; Foissaud, V; Martinaud, C
The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria and fungi identified from blood cultures in the patients of the clinical haematology unit. A retrospective study was carried out over an 8-year period (2003-2010) in the clinical haematology unit of the Percy Military Medical Center. During this period, we collected 723 isolates: Gram-negative bacilli (70.8%) and Gram-positive cocci (18.7%). The four most commonly isolated species were Escherichia coli (18.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.8%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.4%). The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 6.45% and that of coagulase-negative staphylococci 61.2%. No resistance to glycopeptides was observed. In E. coli, as in the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, a 27% resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed. Concerning P. aeruginosa, the phenotypes were distributed over penicillinase (23.4%) and cephalosporinase (13.1% were resistant to ceftazidime). The impermeability rate of imipenem was 9.3%. The aggressiveness and duration of haematological treatments explains why infections remain one of the main complications of neutropenia. The emergence of new or unusual bacteria is highly likely. Antibiotic selective pressure and long periods of hospitalization could explain the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. As a consequence, epidemiological surveillance is indispensable. PMID:23826912
The Efficacy of Nardostachys Jatamansi Against The Radiation Induced Haematological Damage In Rats
Gowda, Damodara K M; Shetty, Lathika; A P, Krishna; Kumari, Suchetha N; Sanjeev, Ganesh; P, Naveen
Introduction: Radiation is increasingly being used for medical purposes and it is an established weapon in the diagnosis and the therapy of cancer. An exposure to 1-2 Gys causes the NVD (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) syndrome, whereas an exposure to 2-6 Gys causes the haematopoietic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the Nardostachys jatamansi root extract (NJE) on the radiation induced haematological damage in rats. Materials and Methods: EBR was performed at the Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, India. Rats were treated with NJE once daily for 15 days before and after the irradiation. After the irradiation, blood was collected for determining the peripheral blood counts (RBC and WBC), haemoglobin, the platelet count and the packed cell volume (PCV) at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 5, 10 and 15 days post irradiation. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Result: NJE provided protection against the radiation induced haematological disorders. The rats treated with NJE exhibited a time dependent significant elevation in all the haematological parameters which were studied and its modulation upto the near normal level was recorded. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that, NJE provides protection by modulating the radiation induced damage on the haematopoietic system. PMID:23905085
Fertility preservation in patients with haematological disorders: a retrospective cohort study.
Senapati, Suneeta; Morse, Christopher B; Sammel, Mary D; Kim, Jayeon; Mersereau, Jennifer E; Efymow, Brenda; Gracia, Clarisa R
This study investigated the factors associated with utilization of fertility preservation and the differences in treatments and outcomes by prior chemotherapy exposure in patients with haematological diseases. This study included all 67 women with haematological diseases seen for fertility preservation consultation at two university hospitals between 2006 and 2011. Of the total, 49% had lymphoma, 33% had leukaemia, 7% had myelodysplastic syndrome and 4% had aplastic anaemia; 46% had prior chemotherapy; and 33% were planning for bone marrow transplantation, 33% pursued ovarian stimulation and 7% used ovarian tissue banking; and 48% of patients did not pursue fertility preservation treatment. All five cycle cancellations were in the post-chemotherapy group: three patients with leukaemia and two with lymphoma. Patients with prior chemotherapy had lower baseline antral follicle count (10 versus 22) and received more gonadotrophins to achieve similar peak oestradiol concentrations, with no difference in oocyte yield (10.5 versus 10) after adjustment for age. Embryo yield was similar between those who had prior chemotherapy and those who had not. Half of the patients with haematological diseases who present for fertility preservation have been exposed to chemotherapy. While ovarian reserve is likely impaired in this group, oocyte yield may be acceptable. PMID:24140311
Influence of trypanocidal therapy on the haematology of vervet monkeys experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
Ngotho, Maina; Kagira, John M; Kariuki, Christopher; Maina, Naomi; Thuita, John K; Mwangangi, David M; Farah, Idle O; Hau, Jann
The aim of this study was to characterise the sequential haematological changes in vervet monkeys infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and subsequently treated with sub-curative diminazene aceturate (DA) and curative melarsoprol (MelB) trypanocidal drugs. Fourteen vervet monkeys, on a serial timed-kill pathogenesis study, were infected intravenously with 10(4) trypanosomes of a stabilate T. b. rhodesiense KETRI 2537. They were treated with DA at 28 days post infection (dpi) and with MelB following relapse of infection at 140 dpi. Blood samples were obtained from the monkeys weekly, and haematology conducted using a haematological analyser. All the monkeys developed a disease associated with macrocytic hypochromic anaemia characterised by a reduction in erythrocytes (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), haematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), platelet count (PLT), and an increase in the red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV). The clinical disease was characteristic of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) with a pre-patent period of 3 days. Treatment with DA cleared trypanosomes from both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The parasites relapsed first in the CSF and later in the blood. This treatment normalised the RBC, HCT, HB, PLT, MCV, and MPV achieving the pre-infection values within two weeks while RDW took up to 6 weeks to attain pre-infection levels after treatment. Most of the parameters were later characterised by fluctuations, and declined at one to two weeks before relapse of trypanosomes in the haemolymphatic circulation. Following MelB treatment at 140 dpi, most values recovered within two weeks and stabilised at pre-infection levels, during the 223 days post treatment monitoring period. It is concluded that DA and MelB treatments cause similar normalising changes in the haematological profiles of monkeys infected with T. b. rhodesiense, indicating the efficacy of the drugs. The infection related changes in haematology parameters, further characterise the vervet monkey as an optimal induced animal model of HAT. Serial monitoring of these parameters can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease outcome in the vervet monkey model. PMID:21420376
Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage diseases: a histopathological challenge
Horny, H-P; Sotlar, K; Sperr, W R; Valent, P
Aims: Although systemic mastocytosis (SM) with an associated clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD) is a major subtype of SM, little is known about its frequency among myelogenous neoplasms, and mastocytosis in particular, or about AHNMD subtype frequencies. Methods: Approximately 19 500 routine bone marrow biopsies were evaluated. Immunostaining with antibodies against tryptase, KIT, and CD25 and molecular analysis for detection of C-KIT point mutations were performed in approximately 550/4100 myelogenous malignancies including mastocytosis, almost all subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome (MDS/MPD), MPD, and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Results: SM was rare—it was diagnosed in only 64 bone marrows (0.3%) and made up 1.5% of myelogenous tumours. SM-AHNMD was the second most frequent subtype (20). SM-AHNMD was never included in the clinical differential diagnoses and was confirmed histologically in most cases only after appropriate immunostaining. The abnormal mast cell phenotype was confirmed by immunohistochemical demonstration of tryptase and CD25 coexpression. The following associated haematological neoplasms were found: MDS/MPS, AML, MPS, MDS, plasma cell myeloma, and unclassifiable myelogenous malignancy. C-KIT point mutations were detected in 16 of 20 cases. Conclusions: SM-AHNMD can be diagnosed histologically in bone marrow trephines only after immunostaining with antibodies against tryptase, KIT, and CD25. Eighteen of 20 AHNMDs were of myeloid origin. C-KIT point mutations were present in 16 of 20 cases. The prognostic relevance of detecting SM associated with another haematological neoplasm remains unclear, but mast cell resistance to most cytoreductive agents is of major importance for treatment planning. PMID:15166264
Evaluation of sulfonamide detoxification pathways in haematologic malignancy patients prior to intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis
Abouraya, Mahmoud; Sacco, James C; Kahl, Brad S; Trepanier, Lauren A
AIMS Patients with haematologic malignancies have a reportedly high incidence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine whether deficiencies in sulfonamide detoxification pathways, to include glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AA), and cytochrome b5 (b5) and cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), were prevalent in these patients. A secondary pilot objective was to determine whether the incidence of drug hypersensitivity following intermittent trimethoprim-SMX (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis approached that reported for high dose daily regimens. METHODS Forty adult patients with haematologic malignancies (HM) and 35 healthy adults were studied; an additional 13 HM patients taking ascorbate supplements (HM-AA) were also evaluated. Twenty-two of 40 HM patients were prescribed and were compliant with TMP-SMX 960 mg three to four times weekly. RESULTS There were no significant differences between HM and healthy groups in plasma AA (median 37.2 µmvs. 33.9 µm) or red blood cell GSH (1.9 mmvs. 1.8 mm). However, plasma AA was correlated significantly with leucocyte b5/b5R reduction (r = 0.39, P = 0.002). Deficient b5/b5R activities were not found in HM patients. In fact, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or myeloma had significantly higher median activities (80.7 µmol mg–1 min?1) than controls (18.9 µmol mg–1 min?1, P = 0.008). After 3–4 weeks of treatment, no patients developed SMX-specific T cells and only one patient developed rash. CONCLUSIONS Deficiencies of blood antioxidants and b5/b5R reduction were not found in this population with haematologic malignancies, and the development of skin rash and drug-specific T cells appeared to be uncommon with intermittent TMP-SMX prophylaxis. PMID:21204907
Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described as an emerging pathogen in Brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. An autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis E was recently reported. To obtain a better understanding of the phenotypic profiles of both human and swine HEV strains, a experimental study was conducted using the animal model, Macaca fascicularis. Methods Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were inoculated intravenously with swine HEV genotype 3 that was isolated from naturally and experimentally infected pigs in Brazil and the Netherlands. Two other monkeys were inoculated with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from Brazilian and Argentinean patients with locally acquired acute and fulminant hepatitis E. The haematological, biochemical, and virological parameters of all animals were monitored for 67 days. Results Subclinical hepatitis was observed in all monkeys after inoculation with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from the infected swine and human patients. HEV RNA was detected in the serum and/or faeces of 6 out of the 8 cynomolgus monkeys between 5 and 53 days after inoculation. The mild inflammation of liver tissues and elevations of discrete liver enzymes were observed. Seroconversions to anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG were detected in 7 animals. Reactivities to anti-HEV IgA were also detected in the salivary samples of 3 animals. Interestingly, all of the infected monkeys showed severe lymphopenia and a trend toward monocytosis, which coincided with elevations in alanine aminotransferase and antibody titres. Conclusions The ability of HEV to cross the species barrier was confirmed for both the swine (Brazilian and Dutch) and human (Argentinean) strains, thus reinforcing the zoonotic risk of hepatitis E in South America. Cynomolgus monkeys that were infected with HEV genotype 3 developed subclinical hepatitis that was associated with haematological changes. Haematological approaches should be considered in future studies of HEV infection. PMID:24148233
Haematological and biochemical alterations caused by epidural and intramuscular administration of xylazine hydrochloride in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).
Azari, Omid; Molaei, Mohammad Mahdi; Emadi, Ladan; Sakhaee, Ehsanollah; Sharifi, Hamid; Mehdizadeh, Sara
This study was conducted in 16 healthy immature dromedary camels weighing 120-150 kg to evaluate and compare the effects of epidural and intramuscular injections of xylazine administered at 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg. Haematological parameters included haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count. Biochemical parameters included alkaline phosphates, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose. Parameters were measured at different intervals before (baseline) and after the administration of drugs. Our study showed that the effect of xylazine on haematological and biochemical parameters is dose-dependant and is also related to the route of administration. The low dose of xylazine administered using both intramuscular and epidural methods showed minimal effects, whereas high doses of the drug, especially when injected intramuscularly, caused greater changes in haematological and biochemical parameters. PMID:23038078
The role of primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies.
Pagano, L; Caira, M
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent important complications in patients with haematological malignancies. Chemoprevention of IFIs may play an important role in this setting, but in the past decades the majority of antifungal drugs utilized demonstrated poor efficacy, particularly in the prevention of invasive aspergillosis. The new triazoles are very useful antifungal drugs, more suitable for prophylaxis of IFIs than amphotericin B and echinocandins. In this review, the main clinical data about antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole are analysed. At present, posaconazole appears to be the most efficacious azole in antifungal prophylaxis, particularly in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID:24372659
Haematology and clinical chemistry of hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons).
Gaughwin, M D; Judson, G J
The report summarises an investigation into the health of wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in the field during the breeding season of a drought year. Health was assessed by morphometry, haematology and clinical chemistry and the findings were compared with those obtained for apparently healthy captaive wombats. The erythrocyte count was lower and the erythrocyte size greater in free-ranging wombats than in captaive wombats. Plasma values for potassium, urea, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase were greater in free-ranging wombats than captive wombats. Plasma values for creatine, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were lower in the free-ranging group. PMID:7431528
Age-related haematological changes and haemopathological responses in Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chiliensis).
Hawkey, C; Hart, M G; Samour, H J
Full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on 49 clinically normal Chilean flamingos of different ages. Compared with adults, chicks aged 2-3 months showed low haemoglobin levels, red cell counts, packed cell volumes and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations. There was a rise in haemoglobin level and red cell count with increasing age but the mean cell haemoglobin concentration did not reach optimum until the birds were mature. In chicks the total white cell count was high and the number of heterophils was widely variable. Findings on four sick adult birds provided preliminary evidence that clinical haematology has a potential diagnostic value in this species. PMID:18766839
Differences in incidence and trends of haematological malignancies in Japan and the United States
Chihara, Dai; Ito, Hidemi; Matsuda, Tomohiro; Shibata, Akiko; Katsumi, Akira; Nakamura, Shigeo; Tomotaka, Sobue; Morton, Lindsay M; Weisenburger, Dennis D; Matsuo, Keitaro
The incidence of a malignant disease reflects the genetic and cumulative exposure to the environment of a population. Therefore, evaluation of the incidence and trends of a disease in different populations may provide insights into its aetiology and pathogenesis. To evaluate the incidence of haematological malignancies according to specific subtypes, we used population-based registry data in Japan (N = 125 148) and the United States (US; N = 172 925) from 1993 to 2008. The age-adjusted incidence of haematological malignancies in Japan was approximately one-half that in the US but has been increasing significantly, whereas no significant change was seen in the US [annual percent change (95% C confidence interval): Japan, +2·4% (1·7, 3·1); US, +0·1% (?0·1, 0·2)]. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) showed the largest differences in incidence, with the most remarkable differences observed for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, HL-nodular sclerosis, mycosis fungoides and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. HL and NHL are increasing substantially in Japan but not in the US, suggesting that environmental exposures, such as Westernization of the life style may be causing this increase. Differences in the incidence and trends for specific subtypes also showed a marked contrast across subtypes, which, in turn, may provide significant new insights into disease aetiology in the future. PMID:24245986
Phenobarbitone-induced haematological abnormalities in idiopathic epileptic dogs: prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome.
Bersan, E; Volk, H A; Ros, C; De Risio, L
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome of phenobarbitone induced haematological abnormalities (PBIHA) in dogs. The medical records of two veterinary referral institutions were searched for dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and treated with PB as monotherapy or polytherapy between March 2003 and September 2010. Sixteen dogs had PBIHA; the median age at diagnosis was 69.5?months. Phenobarbitone was administered at a median dose of 3?mg/kg twice a day for a median period of 100.5?days and the median serum phenobarbitone level was 19??g/ml. Two dogs had neutropenia, three had anaemia and thrombocytopenia, two had anaemia and neutropenia; the remaining nine had pancytopenia. All dogs were referred for non-specific clinical signs. Phenobarbitone was discontinued after diagnosis, and the median time to resolution of PBIHA was 17?days. The prevalence and risk factors for PBIHA were evaluated from a questionnaire survey of referring practices to obtain more detailed follow-up on cases diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. The prevalence rate of PBIHA was 4.2%, and the condition occurred in dogs treated with standard therapeutic doses often within the first three months after starting treatment. Serial haematological evaluations should be therefore considered from the beginning of phenobarbitone therapy to allow early diagnosis and treatment of PBIHA. PMID:24836432
Carbendazim-induced haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes to the liver and kidney of male rats.
Selmanoglu, G; Barlas, N; Songür, S; Koçkaya, E A
Carbendazim is a systemic broad-spectrum fungicide controlling a wide range of pathogens. It is also used as a preservative in paint, textile, papermaking and leather industry, as well as a preservative of fruits. In the present study, carbendazim was administered at 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg per day doses orally to male rats (Rattus rattus) for 15 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples, liver and kidney tissues of each animal were taken. Serum enzyme activities, and haematological and biochemical parameters were analysed. In toxicological tests, 600 mg/kg per day doses of carbendazim caused an increase of albumin, glucose, creatinine and cholesterol levels. Also, at the same doses, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts decreased. However, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentrations increased. Histopathological examinations revealed congestion, an enlargement of the sinusoids, an increase in the number of Kupffer cells, mononuclear cell infiltration and hydropic degeneration in the liver. At the highest doses, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular degeneration and fibrosis were observed in the kidney tissue. These results indicate that 300 and 600 mg/kg per day carbendazim affected the liver and kidney tissue and caused some changes on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats. PMID:11936576
Effect of ingested heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) on haematology and serum biochemistry in rabbits.
Bersényi, A; Fekete, S Gy; Szöcs, Z; Berta, Erzsébet
In order to investigate the effects of exposure to possible environmental pollutants such as Cd, Pb and Hg on haematological and serum biochemistry values, New Zealand White female rabbits were treated orally with distilled water solutions of CdSO4 x H2O, Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 (n = 4/treatment) in concentrations of 2.3, 4.1, and 30 mg/kg dry matter, respectively, for 28 days. The initial concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in serum were significantly increased by the treatment. Exposure to Pb significantly decreased the red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration and the haematocrit (Hct) value. The Zn-protoporphyrin concentration did not change as a result of Pb exposure. Pb and Hg loading significantly increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was also increased by both Hg and Cd exposure. Comparing the treated and the control rabbits, all the trace elements studied significantly reduced the activity of enzymes in the pancreatic tissues. The haematological results indicate that hyperchromic macrocytic anaemia developed in rabbits treated with Pb. The increased activities of both AST and ALT indicate pathophysiological changes of the liver parenchyma, which was verified by focal fatty infiltration seen histopathologically. Cd exposure could exert a toxic effect on the kidneys, although the slight tubulonephrosis developed would not possibly affect the renal function. The reduced activities of amylase, trypsin, protease and lipase induced by Cd, Pb and Hg suggest toxicity to the pancreas. PMID:14516158
The quality of information on monitoring for haematological adverse drug reactions
Ferner, R E; Coleman, Jamie; Pirmohamed, Munir; Constable, Simon A; Rouse, Andrew
Aims To examine the adequacy of instructions to monitor for haematological adverse drug reactions in the Summary of Product Characteristics. Methods We searched the United Kingdom eMedicines Compendium to identify instructions to monitor for haematological adverse drug reactions, and selected 84 Summaries of Product Characteristics for nonhaematological drugs, which were then scored independently by five clinicians, using a scale we devised, the Systematic Instructions for Monitoring (SIM) score. A subset of comparable summaries from Australian and United States summaries was also examined. Results The SIM scores for the five clinicians agreed well: Kendall's coefficient of concordance = 0.937, P < 0.0001. The median SIM score for the 84 UK summaries was 13 [95% confidence interval (CI) for median 12, 15] out of a possible 31. Over 40% fell below a hypothetical minimally acceptable score of 12/31. SIM scores were on average 2.0 (95% CI 0.4, 3.8) higher for Australian summaries; US summaries had intermediate scores that did not significantly differ from those in Australia or the UK. Conclusions Instructions on monitoring for adverse drug reactions are often inadequate. Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies should produce clear guidance on monitoring, and the data to support it. PMID:16187979
Monitoring environmental Aspergillus spp. contamination and meteorological factors in a haematological unit.
Cavallo, M; Andreoni, S; Martinotti, M G; Rinaldi, M; Fracchia, L
The opportunistic pathogens belonging to the Aspergillus genus are present in almost all seasons of the year, and their concentration is related to meteorological conditions. The high density of Aspergillus spp. conidia in a haematological hospital ward may be a significant risk factor for developing invasive fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the variability of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia contamination in a Haematological Unit (HU) within a period of 16 months in relation with some meteorological parameters. An environmental Aspergillus surveillance was conducted in the HU in four rooms and their bathrooms, in the corridor and in three external sites using an agar impact sampler. During each sampling, temperature and relative humidity at each site were recorded and current wind speed and rainfall events were taken from the official weather service. Aspergillus spp. conidia concentration differed significantly across the sampling sites. Internal Aspergillus spp. loads were significantly dependent on temperature, internal relative humidity and rain. External conidia concentrations were significantly influenced by outdoor temperature and relative humidity. A suitable indicator was introduced to evaluate the seasonal distribution of Aspergillus spp. conidia in the sampling sites, and a significant dependence on this indicator was observed inside the HU. Seventeen different fungal species belonging to the Aspergillus genus were detected during the sampling period. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequently isolated species and its distribution depended significantly on the seasonal indicator both inside and outside the hospital ward. PMID:24158616
Detection of small numbers of cells characteristic for haematological disorders in peripheral blood (the deep diff).
Oertel, J; Oertel, B; Dörken, B
We studied cytocentrifuge preparations of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in haematological patients with nondiagnostic white cell differential counts. This approach (the 'deep diff') enabled the detection of small numbers of diagnostically significant cells in a majority of patients. We found ringed sideroblasts in 5/7 patients with sideroblastic anaemia and megaloblasts in 9/10 patients with megaloblastic anaemia. We observed centrocytes in seven patients with follicular lymphoma, mantle cells in five patients with mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone cells in five patients with nodal marginal zone lymphoma. We detected small percentages of lymphoma cells in cytospins of mononuclear leucocytes in 12 patients with large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. The deep diff was nondiagnostic in 5/6 patients with hairy cell leukaemia and in 9/10 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma. In these cases, there were insufficient cells to detect light chain restriction. Increased counts of leukaemic cells were found in 12/13 patients with acute leukaemia with < 3% blasts in the conventional white cell differential. Increased blasts were also observed in six patients with refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). Decreased blasts were found in five patients with aplastic anaemia and in nine patients with bone marrow aplasia after intensive chemotherapy. Increased plasma cell counts were observed in 13/14 patients with advanced plasma cell myeloma. We conclude that the 'deep diff', augmented by immunocytochemistry, may be useful in the diagnosis of haematological disorders. PMID:11985551
The effects of automated plasmapheresis on clinical, haematological, biochemical and coagulation variables in horses.
Feige, K; Ehrat, F B; Kästner, S B R; Wampfler, B
The goal of this study was to determine the effects of plasmapheresis on the behaviour, general condition, haematological, biochemical and coagulation variables of donor horses for 32 days following the procedure. Twenty millilitres of plasma/kg body weight were collected via plasmapheresis in six clinically healthy horses. The general behaviour and condition of the horses was not affected by the procedure. During plasmapheresis, there was a mild increase in the haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts (P < 0.01). The mean concentrations of total protein and albumin decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and total protein did not normalise for about three weeks. Several other biochemical variables also decreased significantly during plasmapheresis, but mostly remained within reference ranges. After plasmapheresis, the mean value of the activated partial thromboplastin time and the thrombin time were mildly but significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the mean activities of factor V, factor VIII and antithrombin decreased significantly (P < 0.01), although all coagulation values remained within reference ranges. Our results indicate that, in horses, the collection of 20 mL of plasma/kg body weight via plasmapheresis results in mild changes in several haematological, biochemical and coagulation variables, although these were of no clinical relevance for the donors. PMID:15683770
Haematological and biochemical measurements in healthy, adult, free-ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus syriacus) held in captivity
I. Aroch; N. Y. Shpigel; Y. Avidar; B. Yakobson; R. King; M. Shamir
Blood from 31 healthy, free-ranging golden jackals held in captivity for seven days was collected while they were anaesthetised. Haematological and serum biochemical measurements were analysed and the 95 per cent confidence interval for each variable was compared with the reference value for domestic dogs. The measurements of their red blood cells were within the reference interval for dogs, but
ICSH Guideline for worldwide point-of-care testing in haematology with special reference to the complete blood count
SUMMARY These guidelines provide information on how to develop and manage a point-of-care (POCT) service so that reliable haematology results are produced regardless of where the test is performed. Many of the issues addressed here are relevant to POCT within hospitals or health centres; however, the principles are equally applicable to care in the commu- nity and doctors' offices. Other
Different doses of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Estcourt, Lise J; Stanworth, Simon; Doree, Carolyn; Trivella, Marialena; Hopewell, Sally; Murphy, Michael F; Tinmouth, Alan
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether different doses of prophylactic platelet transfusions (platelet transfusions given to prevent bleeding) affect their efficacy and safety in preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. PMID:25722652
Blood oxygen transport, rheology and haematological responses to confinement stress in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Joanne Sadler; Rufus M. G Wells; Patricia M Pankhurst; Ned W Pankhurst
Diploid and triploid all-female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts were challenged with 2.5 h of confinement stress in aerated seawater. Subsequent stress responses were quantified by plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate, and by the haematological parameters haematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBCC), mean cell volume (MCV), blood haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC),
Malaria and haematologic parameters of pupils at different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Background Haematologic abnormalities are features in Plasmodium falciparum infection, and anaemia is an inevitable outcome. This study examines the influence of malaria status and altitude on haematologic parameters in school-aged pupils. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 school pupils aged between four and 15 years at three different altitudinal ranges along the slope of the Mount Cameroon region. The investigative methods included the use of questionnaire, clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations. Blood sample collected from each child was used for the preparation of blood films for detection of malaria parasites and assessment of malaria parasite density as well as full blood count determination using an automated haematology analyzer. Results The prevalence of malaria in the study population was 33.8% and 64.2% (158/246) of these were asymptomatic (AM). Pupils in lowlands had a significantly (P <0.05) prevalence (95% confidence interval, CI) of malaria (60.6%, CI?=?54.6–65.9%) than those in middle belt (29.1%, CI?=?23.9–34.8%) and highlands (7.7%, CI?=?6.1–9.8%), while those in middle belt had significantly higher geometric mean parasite density (475) than those in lowlands (233) and highlands (388). The prevalence of malaria was significantly higher in children that presented with fever (40.4%, CI?=?33.8–47.2%) when compared with afebrile subjects (31%, CI?=?27–35.2%). Pupils with AM had a higher prevalence of leucopaenia (43.7%, CI?=?35.8–51.8%), microcytosis (27.2%, CI?=?20.5–34.9%), hypochromasia (27.8%, CI?=?21–35.5%) and thrombocytopaenia (14.9%, CI?=?8.9–22.8%) when compared with those with clinical malaria (CM). All mean haematological parameters were comparable in pupils with CM and AM, except for the mean white blood cell (WBC) counts. Pupils with AM had significantly lower (P?=?0.02) mean WBC counts (5.1?±?2.5?×?109/L) than those with CM (5.9?±?2.3?×?109/L). Age, altitude and malaria parasitaemia was of significant influence on several haematological parameters. Conclusion Altitude influenced the distribution and density of malaria parasites and was of confounding influence on the haematologic profiles. These results highlight the insidious effects of AM on the haematologic components. PMID:23758846
The possible haematological effects of glycol monomethyl ether in a frame factory.
Larese, F; Fiorito, A; De Zotti, R
Haemopoietic effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) are described in three young women employed in a frame factory where the substance was applied under apparently safe hygienic conditions. In a ventilated room they used a mixture of acetone (70%) and EGME (30%) to glue together cellulose acetate frame components. During a periodic medical examination their white blood cell count was found to be abnormally low, with a relative lymphocytosis, macrocytosis with red blood cells, and haemoglobin at borderline normal values. These findings persisted over the exposure period but the haematological parameters returned to normal on stopping exposure. The subjects remained clinically healthy during the exposure period. This exposure to EGME occurred in an industry where such toxicity had not been previously reported and describes a situation in which the risk did not come from the exposure to vapour but most likely from an insufficient skin protection. PMID:1536820
Haematology, genotoxicity, enzymatic activity and histopathology as biomarkers of metal pollution in the shrew Crocidura russula.
Sánchez-Chardi, A; Marques, C C; Gabriel, S I; Capela-Silva, F; Cabrita, A S; López-Fuster, M J; Nadal, J; Mathias, M L
Haematological (WBC, RBC, Hgb and Hct) and genotoxicity (MNT) parameters, hepatic enzymatic activities (GST, GPx and GR), and a histopathological evaluation of liver, kidneys and gonads were assessed as general biomarkers of metal pollution in the shrew Crocidura russula inhabiting a pyrite mining area. Specimens exposed to metals presented a few significant alterations when compared with reference animals: GST activity decreased; micronuclei increased; and evident liver alterations related to metal exposure were observed. On the basis of all the parameters studied, age was an important factor that partly explained the observed variation, whereas sex was the least important factor. Significant correlations were also found between heavy metal concentrations and biomarkers evaluated, demonstrating the great influence of these metals in the metabolic alterations. To the best of our knowledge, these data constitute the first measurements of a battery of biomarkers in shrews from a mine site and are among the few available for insectivorous mammals. PMID:18448220
Haematology and serum biochemistry of golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) in Iran
S. Nazifi; A. Nabinejad; M. Sepehrimanesh; S. L. Poorbaghi; F. Farshneshani; M. Rahsepar
Haematological and serum biochemical values were estimated in blood samples collected from 21 apparently adult golden eagles\\u000a (Aquila chrysaetos) of both sexes. The mean values of red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes,\\u000a monocytes and eosinophils were 1.63?±?0.11?×?1012\\/l, 0.47?±?0.009 l\\/l, 91.73?±?1.52 g\\/l, 24.31?±?1.97?×?109\\/l, 4.40?±?0.22?×?109\\/l, 16.81?±?0.65?×?109\\/l, 0.99?±?0.19?×?109\\/l and 2.10?±?0.30?×?109\\/l, respectively. The leucocytes had 69.14%, 4.09%, 18.12% and 8.65%
Haematological profile in leprosy. Part II--Relationship to severity of disease and treament status.
Karat, A B; Rao, P S
321 adult male lepromatous leprosy patients were studied for relationship between haematological findings, severity of disease and duration of treatment. Significant changes were noticed in relation in haemoglobin concentration, serum vitamin B12 and serum folate levels, serum albumin and globulin. No significant changes were observed in serum iron levels in relation to disease and treatment status. With rising bacterial load, there was a trend towards lower haemoglobin concentration, higher vitamin B12 level and lowered serum folate levels. Serum albumin showed a significant decline, while serum globulin showed a significant rise. The findings are discussed in relation to replacement of bone marrow by lepromatous tissue as well as possible interference in the metabolism of haematinics by M. leprae. The exact mechanism of neurlogical deficit in leprosy in relation to deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid need to be further elucidated. PMID:651316
Effects of Aflatoxin on Some Haematological Parameters and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams
Dönmez, Nurcan; Dönmez, H. H.; Keskin, E.; K?sadere, ?.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin on some hematological parameters and to determine the preventive effectiveness of added glucomannan. In the study, 32 Merino rams were used, and the rams were separated equally to four groups as control (C), glucomannan (G), glucomannan?+?aflatoxin (AG), and aflatoxin (A). Erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were decreased in A group compared with the other groups, and there was a reduction in similar parameters in AG group compared to control values. On the other hand, these parameters were tended to increase in AG group compared to A group values. Aflatoxicosis caused the lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia but increased percentage of neutrophil counts. In conclusion, the results determined in the study might be important to demonstrate the effects of aflatoxicosis and glucomannan on some haematological parameters before the clinical symptoms appear. PMID:22629132
Tales from the Jazz ASH: highlights from the 2013 American Society of Haematology meeting.
Mazzarella, Luca
The 55th annual ASH meeting was held in pleasant New Orleans and was the largest in its history, with 22,495 participants coming from 113 nations. A 'bench-to-bedside and back' attitude characterises haematology probably more than any other discipline in medicine and, as usual, this was reflected in the extremely wide breadth of the topics covered, including the last results from clinical trials and cutting-edge advancements in basic science. This year, the balance was arguably skewed: few truly clinical practice-changing results were presented. On the other hand, a great number of basic and translational studies significantly increased our understanding of the biology of numerous malignancies and heralded the coming of age of disruptive technologies. Namely, above all, next generation sequencing and T cell engineering-based cell therapy. PMID:24678345
Tales from the Jazz ASH: highlights from the 2013 American Society of Haematology meeting
Mazzarella, Luca
The 55th annual ASH meeting was held in pleasant New Orleans and was the largest in its history, with 22,495 participants coming from 113 nations. A 'bench-to-bedside and back' attitude characterises haematology probably more than any other discipline in medicine and, as usual, this was reflected in the extremely wide breadth of the topics covered, including the last results from clinical trials and cutting-edge advancements in basic science. This year, the balance was arguably skewed: few truly clinical practice-changing results were presented. On the other hand, a great number of basic and translational studies significantly increased our understanding of the biology of numerous malignancies and heralded the coming of age of disruptive technologies. Namely, above all, next generation sequencing and T cell engineering-based cell therapy. PMID:24678345
Notch signalling in T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma and other haematological malignancies.
Aster, Jon C; Blacklow, Stephen C; Pear, Warren S
Notch receptors participate in a highly conserved signalling pathway that regulates normal development and tissue homeostasis in a context- and dose-dependent manner. Deregulated Notch signalling has been implicated in many diseases, but the clearest example of a pathogenic role is found in T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T-LL), in which the majority of human and murine tumours have acquired mutations that lead to aberrant increases in Notch1 signalling. Remarkably, it appears that the selective pressure for Notch mutations is virtually unique among cancers to T-LL, presumably reflecting a special context-dependent role for Notch in normal T-cell progenitors. Nevertheless, there are some recent reports suggesting that Notch signalling has subtle, yet important roles in other forms of haematological malignancy as well. Here, we review the role of Notch signalling in various blood cancers, focusing on T-LL with an eye towards targeted therapeutics. PMID:20967796
50th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology.
Thomas, Angela E
The 50th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology was notable, not only for its golden anniversary, but also because it coincided with the eruption of the Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, and the ensuing travel chaos. In total, 28 speakers from overseas were unable to reach Edinburgh, including a significant number of British speakers who were stranded. However, owing to the superb efforts of the conference organisers and Edinburgh International Conference Centre staff, teleconferencing equipment was installed and all speakers were contacted and able to give their talks on time. The program, consisting of simultaneous sessions and plenary lectures, covered not only recent advances in clinical and laboratory hematology, but also reflected on the contribution of British hematology to the international arena over the past 50 years. PMID:21083029
Improving the emergency department management of post-chemotherapy sepsis in haematological malignancy patients.
Ko, H F; Tsui, S S; Tse, J Wk; Kwong, W Y; Chan, O Y; Wong, G Ck
OBJECTIVE. To review the result of the implementation of treatment protocol for post-chemotherapy sepsis in haematological malignancy patients. DESIGN. Case series with internal comparison. SETTING. Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Febrile patients presenting to the Accident and Emergency Department with underlying haematological malignancy and receiving chemotherapy within 1 month of Accident and Emergency Department visit between June 2011 and July 2012. Similar cases between June 2010 and May 2011 served as historical referents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. The compliance rate among emergency physicians, the door-to-antibiotic time before and after implementation of the protocol, and the impact of the protocol on Accident and Emergency Department and hospital service. RESULTS. A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 50 were managed with the treatment protocol while 19 patients were historical referents. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the most commonly encountered malignancy. Overall, 88% of the patients presented with sepsis syndrome. The mean door-to-antibiotic time of those managed with the treatment protocol was 47 minutes versus 300 minutes in the referent group. Overall, 86% of patients in the treatment group met the target door-to-antibiotic time of less than 1 hour. The mean lengths of stay in the emergency department (76 minutes vs 105 minutes) and hospital (11 days vs 15 days) were shorter in those managed with the treatment protocol versus the historical referents. CONCLUSION. Implementation of the protocol can effectively shorten the door-to-antibiotic time to meet the international standard of care in neutropenic sepsis patients. The compliance rate was also high. We proved that effective implementation of the protocol is feasible in a busy emergency department through excellent teamwork between nurses, pharmacists, and emergency physicians. PMID:25306894
The effects of probiotic and mannanoligosaccharide on some haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys.
Cetin, N; Güçlü, B K; Cetin, E
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and probiotic supplementation on haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys. A total of 72, 15-day-old white hybrid converter turkey poults were used in this study. Poults were assigned into three groups, each group consisted of six poults and the trial was repeated four times. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplemented probiotic and MOS, and treatment groups were fed either 1 g/kg MOS or probiotic added diets. At the end of the 15-week treatment period, samples of blood were collected to determine immunological and haematological values. The comparison among the groups showed that both the probiotic and MOS supplementation resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05) in the serum IgG and IgM levels, and significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte percentage compared with those of the control group. Mean serum IgG level (7.06 g/l) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in poults supplemented with probiotic compared with MOS (6.76 g/l). It was observed that the probiotic supplementation caused statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit values, but MOS supplementation did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on these parameters. Total leucocyte and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by dietary MOS and probiotic supplementation. These results show that MOS or probiotic may elevate IgG and IgM levels in turkey. The MOS and probiotic that enhance immunoglobulin levels will have a more positive effect on growth performance, production and turkeys' ability to resist disease. PMID:16050905
First-dose pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in critically ill haematological malignancy patients.
Blackburn, Laura M; Tverdek, Frank P; Hernandez, Mike; Bruno, Jeffrey J
The primary objective of this study was to determine the volume of distribution (Vd) (L/kg) of intravenous aminoglycosides (AGs) in critically ill haematological malignancy patients. Secondary objectives were to determine the body weight (actual, ideal, adjusted or lean) that yields the most precise estimate of Vd when normalised in L/kg as well as the frequency that current first-dose strategies result in post-distributional peak concentrations (C(peak)) within the target range (tobramycin 16-24 mg/L; amikacin 32-48 mg/L). In total, 58 AG doses were included (tobramycin, n = 34; amikacin, n = 24). Median Vd was 0.38 L/kg normalised per the most precise dose weight, which was actual body weight (ABW). The median dose was 445 mg (5.8 mg/kg ABW) for tobramycin and 1200 mg (13.8 mg/kg ABW) for amikacin. Target C(peak) (tobramycin 20mg/L; amikacin 40 mg/L) was achieved in only 25% of all AG episodes, with 4% exceeding the target and 71% falling below the target. Twenty-four organisms were isolated in the study sample; target C(peak) achievement (tobramycin 20 mg/L; amikacin 40 mg/L) would yield a peak:minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 in 75% and 52% of organisms, respectively. In conclusion, an increased Vd of AGs was identified in this critically ill haematological malignancy patient sample, and current dosing yielded a suboptimal C(peak) in the majority of patients. PMID:25455848
EMQN Best Practice Guidelines for molecular and haematology methods for carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis of the haemoglobinopathies.
Traeger-Synodinos, Joanne; Harteveld, Cornelis L; Old, John M; Petrou, Mary; Galanello, Renzo; Giordano, Piero; Angastioniotis, Michael; De la Salle, Barbara; Henderson, Shirley; May, Alison
Haemoglobinopathies constitute the commonest recessive monogenic disorders worldwide, and the treatment of affected individuals presents a substantial global disease burden. Carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis represent valuable procedures that identify couples at risk for having affected children, so that they can be offered options to have healthy offspring. Molecular diagnosis facilitates prenatal diagnosis and definitive diagnosis of carriers and patients (especially 'atypical' cases who often have complex genotype interactions). However, the haemoglobin disorders are unique among all genetic diseases in that identification of carriers is preferable by haematological (biochemical) tests rather than DNA analysis. These Best Practice guidelines offer an overview of recommended strategies and methods for carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies, and emphasize the importance of appropriately applying and interpreting haematological tests in supporting the optimum application and evaluation of globin gene DNA analysis. PMID:25052315
Health assessment of free-ranging endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups: Effect of haematophagous parasites on haematological parameters.
Marcus, Alan D; Higgins, Damien P; Gray, Rachael
Evaluation of the health status of free-ranging populations is important for understanding the impact of disease on individuals and on population demography and viability. In this study, haematological reference intervals were developed for free-ranging endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups within the context of endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection and the effects of pathogen, host, and environment factors on the variability of haematological parameters were investigated. Uncinaria sanguinis was identified as an important agent of disease, with infection causing regenerative anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, and a predominantly lymphocytic-eosinophilic systemic inflammatory response. Conversely, the effects of sucking lice (Antarctophthirus microchir) were less apparent and infestation in pups appears unlikely to cause clinical impact. Overall, the effects of U. sanguinis, A. microchir, host factors (standard length, body condition, pup sex, moult status, and presence of lesions), and environment factors (capture-type and year of sampling) accounted for 26-65% of the total variance observed in haematological parameters. Importantly, this study demonstrated that anaemia in neonatal Australian sea lion pups is not solely a benign physiological response to host-environment changes, but largely reflects a significant pathological process. This impact of hookworm infection on pup health has potential implications for the development of foraging and diving behaviour, which would subsequently influence the independent survival of juveniles following weaning. The haematological reference intervals developed in this study can facilitate long-term health surveillance, which is critical for the early recognition of changes in disease impact and to inform conservation management. PMID:25724096
Sublethal toxicological evaluation of methyl parathion on some haematological and biochemical parameters in an Indian major carp Catla catla
Bhat D. Abhijith; Mathan Ramesh; Rama Krishnan Poopal
The sublethal toxic potential of an organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion (MP), in altering certain haematological\\u000a (Hb, Hct, RBC, WBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC))\\u000a and biochemical (plasma protein and plasma glucose) parameters in an Indian major carp Catla catla was investigated under static conditions. The LC50 (96 h) of MP was found
Reference range variation in haematological indices amongst five different age groups of less than one year in Islamabad, Pakistan
Tauseef Bukhari, Kiran; Zafar, Humaira
Objective: The objective of the current study was to establish the reference ranges of haematological indices amongst five healthy infantile (<1 year) age groups. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi. Non probability convenience sampling was adopted for the proceedings for the study. A sample size was 2000 which was equally distributed as 400 samples for all the five age groups i.e. <27 days, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month and one year. One thousands were males and 1000 were the females. An informed consent from the guardian was the pre requisite of study, while those candidates having an evidence of any systemic illness were not excluded. Results : The values of haematological indices i.e. MCV, MCHC, MCH, PCV and RDW varies with growing age of an infant. A decrease in all these values was observed from <27days to one year of age infants. Conclusion : A decrease in all these values was observed from <27days to one year of age infants. The values reported in this study can be used as a local reference for the newborn aged between <27 days and 1 year of age. PMID:24353580
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf on the Performance and Haematological Indices of Starter Broilers
P. N., Onu
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted Pumpkin) leaf on the performance and haematological indices of starter broilers. A total of 200, 8-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments, each with 4 replicate groups containing 10 chicks and fed with standard starter broiler diets. Telfaria occidentalis leaves extract (FPLE) was added at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160?mL/litre of drinking water. Growth performance and haematological indices were evaluated. Results showed that there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in weight gain, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratios of the birds among the treatments. Birds fed 80?ml FPLE/litre of water had significantly the highest weight gain and the best feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. There was no significant (P > 0.05) variations in the feed and water intakes of the birds. Results also show no significant (P > 0.05) difference in haematological indices of birds among the treatments. The results of this study indicate that, for enhanced weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, birds should be fed 80?mL FPLE/litre of water. PMID:23738128
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf on the Performance and Haematological Indices of Starter Broilers.
P N, Onu
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted Pumpkin) leaf on the performance and haematological indices of starter broilers. A total of 200, 8-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments, each with 4 replicate groups containing 10 chicks and fed with standard starter broiler diets. Telfaria occidentalis leaves extract (FPLE) was added at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160?mL/litre of drinking water. Growth performance and haematological indices were evaluated. Results showed that there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in weight gain, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratios of the birds among the treatments. Birds fed 80?ml FPLE/litre of water had significantly the highest weight gain and the best feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. There was no significant (P > 0.05) variations in the feed and water intakes of the birds. Results also show no significant (P > 0.05) difference in haematological indices of birds among the treatments. The results of this study indicate that, for enhanced weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, birds should be fed 80?mL FPLE/litre of water. PMID:23738128
Short-term effect of levetiracetam monotherapy on haematological parameters in children with epilepsy: a prospective study.
Dinopoulos, Argiris; Attilakos, Achilleas; Paschalidou, Maria; Tsirouda, Maria; Garoufi, Anastasia; Moustaki, Maria; Siafakas, Nikos; Papaevangelou, Vassiliki
Studies evaluating the effect of levetiracetam (LEV) on haematological parameters in patients with epilepsy are very limited. Clinical trials have also reported an unexplained increased incidence of pharyngitis and rhinitis in LEV-treated patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the changes in haematological parameters in children treated with LEV monotherapy. White blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelets were measured in 22 children (13 females, mean age 6.70±4.23 years) with epilepsy, before and after 2 and 6 months of LEV monotherapy. Lymphocyte count was significantly decreased at 6 months (p=0.019) of treatment and this effect was not dose dependent. One child (4.5%) at 2 months and four children (18%) at 6 months of treatment had lymphocyte count below 10th percentile for age. There were no significant alterations in the other parameters evaluated during the study. LEV monotherapy may significantly decrease lymphocyte count at six months of treatment in children with epilepsy. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the effect of LEV on haematological parameters and the possible association with the higher incidence of infections reported in children receiving LEV. PMID:24630047
Changes in haematological profile of common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) induced by transit to pheasantry.
Voslarova, E; Bedanova, I; Vecerek, V; Pistekova, V; Chloupek, P; Suchy, P
The aim of this study was to assess haematological changes in hand-reared pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) transported from intensive housing facilities to a pheasantry. Selected haematological parameters were monitored in a group of 100 pheasants (50 males and 50 females) aged of 9 weeks that were transported for 4 hours by a covered lorry in crates, with a total body weight of 12 +/- 0.5 kg per crate (Group C12 - floor space: 290 cm2/kg) and with a total body weight of 18 +/- 0.5 kg per crate (Group C18 - floor space: 195 cm2/kg). Blood samples were taken from 10 randomly selected males and 10 females before transport (CON group) and 20 hours after transport (C12 and C18 groups). Examinations consisted in determining the total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, haematocrit values, haemoglobin levels and differential leukocyte counts, whereby the proportions of heterophil, basophil and eosinophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes of the total leukocytes were computed. The changes in the parameters of red blood cell count were manifested by an increase (P < 0.01) in the haemoglobin level, MCH (mean cell haemoglobin) and MCHC (mean cell haemoglobin concentration) values and a decrease (P < 0.01) in the total erythrocyte count and haematocrit level in both C12 and C18 pheasants, when compared with the control group of non-transported pheasants. C18 pheasants exhibited also a significant increase (P < 0.05) in MCV (mean cell value) value. When analyzing differential leukocyte counts, C18 pheasants showed a decrease (P < 0.01) in heterophil counts and H/L ratio, whereas values in C12 pheasants did not differ from the non-transported control group. Individual counts of lymphocytes were decreased (P < 0.05) in C12 pheasants, whereas basophil counts were increased (P < 0.01) in both C12 and C18 pheasants. Total leukocyte count was decreased (P < 0.01) in C12 and C18 pheasants. In conclusion, the specific requirements of pheasants, as primarily wild animals, for the density in crates should be respected during transportation and they should be transported at lower densities than other poultry species, at least 290 cm2/kg live weight should be provided. PMID:17078531
Effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758).
Kumar, Saurav; Raman, R P; Kumar, Kundan; Pandey, P K; Kumar, Neeraj; Mallesh, B; Mohanty, Snatashree; Kumar, Abhay
Argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. Azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against Argulus sp. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus. Ninety Argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. Fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin solution through bath of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L(-1) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, and group 6 was exposed to 2% DMSO solution without azadirachtin and considered as negative control T0(-). Along with six treatment groups, a positive control T0(+) of healthy goldfish free from Argulus infestation was also maintained. Parasitic mortality was evaluated after 3 days of consecutive bath treatment. After 7 days of post-treatment, the blood and serum were drawn from each of the treatment groups and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), blood glucose, total protein (TP), globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were significantly (p < 0.05) high in negative control group when compared with positive control group. It could be concluded that Argulus infestation altered marked haematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, in treated groups complete elimination of Argulus was found in T4 and T5 groups. Also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of all the treatment groups were recorded in comparison with negative control group. In addition, T4 and T5 groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) high superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin (Hb). However, higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in T5 group revealed that higher concentration of azadirachtin have notable effects on activity of vital tissues function and physiology of the host. Argulus spp. from infested goldfish could be eliminated using bath treatment with solution of azadirachtin having concentration of 15 mg L(-1) and that also shifted haematological and serum biochemical parameters towards homeostasis. PMID:23090629
The psychosocial experience of adolescents with haematological malignancies in Jordan: an interpretive phenomenological analysis study.
Al Omari, Omar; Wynaden, Dianne
The qualitative research method of interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore the lived experience of 14 Jordanian adolescents with haematological malignancies. They were admitted to two hospitals in Jordan and were interviewed for this study twice during the first six months after receiving their diagnosis. The results of this study revealed three themes: (1) Being in hospital, (2) The changing self, and (3) Fearing the unknown. When the participants were hospitalised due to their illness they were removed from their families and friends and prevented from engaging in their normal daily routine. Participants also reported receiving limited emotional and psychological support from health team members during hospitalisation. From the onset of cancer treatments, the bio-psychosocial side effects of the chemotherapy became one of the most distressing factors for participants affecting all aspects of their life and generated uncertainty about their future. The findings add to existing understanding of the lived experiences of cancer patients and in particular Jordanian adolescents. They provide a valuable insight for clinicians into improvements in service delivery to this group of patients. PMID:24550700
The study of some haematological and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile beluga (Huso huso) fed oligofructose.
Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein; Mirvaghefi, Alireza; Merrifield, Daniel L; Amiri, Bagher Mojazi; Yelghi, Saeed; Bastami, Kazem Darvish
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary oligofructose (1, 2 and 3%) on the blood profiles of beluga (Huso huso) juveniles (18.77 ± 0.76 g) compared to fish fed an un-supplemented diet. After 7 weeks of feeding on the experimental diets, haematological parameters, metabolic products (cholesterol, glucose and total protein) and serum enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were measured. Compared to the control group (0% oligofructose), dietary oligofructose had no effect on red blood cell counts (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin (MCH) or mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P > 0.05). However, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, leucocyte (WBC) levels and the proportion of lymphocytes were significantly higher (P > 0.05) in the 2% oligofructose fed fish than in the 3% oligofructose fed fish. Additionally, haematocrit (Hct) values (P = 0.049) and the proportion of lymphocytes (P ? 0.01) were significantly higher in the 2% oligofructose group than in the control group. Although serum glucose and total protein remained unaffected, serum cholesterol was significantly lower in the 2% oligofructose group than in the control and 3% oligofructose group (P < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that oligofructose had no significant effects on serum lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. These results indicate that fish blood profiles could be affected by prebiotics, which should be taken into account in future studies. PMID:20658187
Detection of BCR-ABL transcripts by multiplex and nested PCR in different haematological disorders.
Otazú, I B; Zalcberg, I; Tabak, D G; Dobbin, J; Seuánez, H N
Single-step Multiplex RT-PCR was used as a rapid and highly sensitive method for screening patients with myeloproliferative conditions and ALL for the presence of underlying BCR-ABL gene fusions. Positive and negative results obtained with the multiplex assay were subsequently confirmed by nested PCR. We studied 21 patients for detecting the presence of b3a2, b2a2 and e1a2 BCR-ABL transcripts at diagnosis and following treatment with different therapeutical procedures. These studies allowed the molecular characterisation of patients with different haematological disorders and for demonstrating BCR-ABL transcripts in Ph-CML. In a Ph+ CML patient, a switch of isoforms was detected after bone marrow transplantation and infusion with donor lymphocytes, implying substitution of e1a2 for b3a2 coexisting with a myeloid/lymphoid biphenotypic profile. In ALL, one Ph+ patient showed coexpression of e1a2 and b2a2 at diagnosis followed by persistence of e1a2 after bone marrow transplantation. Our results were compared to previous findings in the literature on molecular diagnosis of leukaemias. PMID:10721788
Acute oral candidiasis during febrile episodes in immunocompromised patients with haematologic malignancies.
Bergmann, O J; Andersen, P L
To estimate clinical, pathogenic and serological aspects of acute oral candidiasis (AOC) during febril episodes in patients with haematologic malignancies, 23 consecutive patients who developed AOC within 7 days from start of fever were compared with 23 consecutive patients who did not develop AOC. The duration of fever and severe granulocytopenia (less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l) was significantly longer in patients with AOC than in patients without AOC, the median differences between the patients with and without AOC being 4 and 3 days, respectively. Development of AOC could not be correlated to a change in the qualitative composition of the oral microflora. The thrombocyte count was lower in patients with AOC on day 4, whereas no differences were found in leukocyte counts. The prevalences of Candida albicans agglutinin titres greater than or equal to 5 were similar in patients with (24%) and without AOC (33%), and in controls (29%). Seroconversion or a significant increase in the agglutinin titre occurred in 4 patients with AOC and long-lasting fever, who became afebrile after systemic antifungal therapy. It is concluded that AOC is associated with long-lasting fever and decreased bone marrow function as judged by low thrombocyte counts, but not related to specific bacteria in the oral cavity or to an increased occurrence of C. albicans antibodies in the serum. PMID:2196672
The Psychosocial Experience of Adolescents with Haematological Malignancies in Jordan: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Study
The qualitative research method of interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore the lived experience of 14 Jordanian adolescents with haematological malignancies. They were admitted to two hospitals in Jordan and were interviewed for this study twice during the first six months after receiving their diagnosis. The results of this study revealed three themes: (1) Being in hospital, (2) The changing self, and (3) Fearing the unknown. When the participants were hospitalised due to their illness they were removed from their families and friends and prevented from engaging in their normal daily routine. Participants also reported receiving limited emotional and psychological support from health team members during hospitalisation. From the onset of cancer treatments, the bio-psychosocial side effects of the chemotherapy became one of the most distressing factors for participants affecting all aspects of their life and generated uncertainty about their future. The findings add to existing understanding of the lived experiences of cancer patients and in particular Jordanian adolescents. They provide a valuable insight for clinicians into improvements in service delivery to this group of patients. PMID:24550700
Haematological and ion regulatory effects of nitrite in the air-breathing snakehead fish Channa striata.
Lefevre, Sjannie; Jensen, Frank B; Huong, Do T T; Wang, Tobias; Phuong, Nguyen T; Bayley, Mark
The tolerance and effects of nitrite on ion balance and haematology were investigated in the striped snakehead, Channa striata Bloch 1793, which is an air-breathing fish with reduced gills of importance for aquaculture in South East Asia. C. striata was nitrite tolerant with a 96 h LC50 of 4.7 mM. Effects of sub-lethal exposures to nitrite (0mM, 1.4mM, and 3.0mM) were determined during a 7-day exposure period. Plasma nitrite increased, but the internal concentration remained well below ambient levels. Extracellular nitrate rose by several mM, indicating that a large proportion of the nitrite taken up was converted to nitrate. Nitrite reacted with erythrocyte haemoglobin (Hb) causing methaemoglobin (metHb) to increase to 30% and nitrosylhaemoglobin (HbNO) to increase to 10% of total Hb. Both metHb and HbNO stabilised after 4 days, and functional Hb levels accordingly never fell below 60% of total Hb. Haematocrit and total Hb were unaffected by nitrite. Although the effects of nitrite exposure seemed minor in terms of plasma nitrite and metHb increases, ion balance was strongly affected. In the high exposure group, total osmolality decreased from 320 mOsm to 260 mOsm, and plasma sodium from 150 mM to 120 mM, while plasma chloride fell from 105 mM to 60mM and plasma bicarbonate rose from 12 mM in controls to 20mM in exposed fish. The extreme changes in ion balance in C. striata are different from the response reported in other fish, and further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism behind the observed changes in regulation. PMID:22516674
Clinical and haematological responses of feline blood donors anaesthetised with a tiletamine and zolazepam combination.
Spada, Eva; Proverbio, Daniela; Bagnagatti De Giorgi, Giada; Perego, Roberta; Valena, Emanuela; Della Pepa, Alessandra; Baggiani, Luciana
This prospective study investigated the effect on clinical and haematological variables of the anaesthetic combination of tiletamine and zolazepam in feline blood donors. Blood (10 ml/kg bodyweight to a maximum volume of 60 ml) was collected from the jugular vein of 31 owned healthy cats anaesthetised with 2.5 mg/kg of tiletamine and 2.5 mg/kg of zolazepam intramuscularly. Rectal temperature (RT), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), heart rate (HR) and complete blood count (including red blood cells [RBC], haemoglobin [HB], haematocrit [HT], platelet [PLT] count, white blood cells [WBC], lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils) were evaluated pre- and postdonation. RT decreased significantly (P <0.01) after blood donation (mean change in RT -0.7°C). Significant increases in SAP (P = 0.03), MAP (P <0.01) and DAP (P <0.01) occurred after blood donation (mean increase 13 mmHg, 12 mmHg and 11 mmHg, respectively). Although RBC, HT, HB, WBC, PLT, neutrophil and monocyte counts decreased, and HR, and lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts increased after blood donation this change was not statistically significant. Mean time from pre- to postdonation evaluation was 39 ± 11 mins (range 24-76 mins). None of the cats had evidence of pallor or collapse after recovery from anaesthesia. The collection of blood at 10 ml/kg bodyweight to a maximum volume of 60 ml in healthy cats using a low dose tiletamine and zolazepam anaesthetic appears to be well tolerated by feline blood donors. PMID:25015738
Does habitat fragmentation cause stress in the agile antechinus? A haematological approach.
Johnstone, Christopher P; Lill, Alan; Reina, Richard D
Although the vertebrate stress response is essential for survival, frequent or prolonged stress responses can result in chronic physiological stress, which is associated with a suite of conditions that can impair survivorship and reproductive output. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation are potential stressors of free-living vertebrates, and in theory could result in chronic stress. To address this issue, we compared haematological indicators of stress and condition in agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis) populations in 30 forest fragments and 30 undisturbed, continuous forest sites (pseudofragments) in south-eastern Australia over 2 years. In peripheral blood, the total leucocyte count was lower and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and percentage of eosinophils in the total leucocyte population was higher in fragment than pseudofragment populations, indicating that fragment populations were probably experiencing higher levels of stress hormone-mediated and/or parasite infection-related chronic physiological stress. The total erythrocyte count and haematocrit were higher and mean erythrocyte haemoglobin content was lower in fragment than pseudofragment populations. This suggests that fragment populations showed possible signs of regenerative anaemia, a syndrome associated with elevated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediated stress. However, mean erythrocyte volume was also lower in fragments, and red blood cell distribution width did not differ between the study populations, findings which were not consistent with this diagnosis. Whole blood and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were similar in fragment and pseudofragment populations. We suggest that where anthropogenic activity results in habitat fragmentation and degradation, chronic stress could contribute to a decline in agile antechinus populations. The broader implication is that chronic stress could be both symptomatic of, and contributing to, decline of some vertebrate populations in anthropogenically fragmented and degraded habitats. PMID:21710385
Intracranial haemorrhage in thrombocytopenic haematology patients—a nested case–control study: the InCiTe study protocol
Estcourt, Lise J; Stanworth, Simon J; Collett, Dave; Murphy, Mike F
Introduction Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious side-effects of severe thrombocytopenia in haematology patients. ICH is rare, but can have devastating consequences (death or major morbidity). It is unknown why some patients with severe thrombocytopenia bleed and others do not. Study aims Primary aim was to identify risk factors for ICH in patients with haematological malignancies. Secondary aims were to identify short-term outcomes for these patients at 30?days (major morbidity and mortality) and produce a more accurate estimate of ICH incidence in this population. This information is key to identifying means to improve treatment and quality of care. Methods/analysis This is a UK-wide case–control study of ICH nested within a 4-year prospective surveillance study set up specifically for the case–control study. Each case will be matched to one control. Cases will be adult haematology patients (?16?years) who have had any type or severity of ICH who are receiving, about to receive or have just received myeloablative chemotherapy (defined as chemotherapy expected to cause a significant thrombocytopenia <50×109/L for >5?days) or a haemopoietic stem cell transplant. Only patients being treated with curative intent will be included. Controls will be patients who fulfil the same inclusion criteria as cases (apart from ICH) and were treated at the same hospital immediately before the index case. Cases and controls will be matched to type of treatment (myeloablative chemotherapy or haemopoietic stem cell transplant). Hospitals across the UK will participate in a monthly email reporting strategy (started June 2011), as to whether a case of ICH occurred during the preceding calendar month. Case and control forms will be sent to any hospital reporting an eligible case. Conditional logistic regression will be used to calculate ORs. Denominator data for incidence estimates will use national registry data. Study Registration ISRCTN05026912 (prospective registration). NIHR Portfolio (UKCRN ID 10712). PMID:24508852
Effects of sex and season in haematological parameters and cellular composition of spleen and head kidney of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis).
Vigliano, Fabricio A; Araujo, Adolfo M; Marcaccini, Andrés J; Marengo, María V; Cattaneo, Eliana; Peirone, Carina; Dasso, Lucrecia G M
Phylogenetic diversity in fish determines high interspecific variability in morphology as well as in physiological parameters. Moreover, several haematological variables and the organ composition of haemolymphopoietic sites may vary according to sex or season. The aim of this study was to establish the haematological parameters and the cellular composition of haemolymphopoietic organs in Odontesthes bonariensis, a commercially valuable fish species in Argentina, and also to determine gender or seasonal variations. Haematocrit exhibited the highest value in summer, while haemoglobin concentration was greater in summer and autumn. Erythrocyte count was higher in spring than autumn and winter, but did not differ with summer. The increase in these variables in seasons with higher water temperatures might be a compensatory mechanism to compensate the lower level of oxygen in the environment. Leucocyte formula and blast haemolymphopoietic cells in spleen and head kidney also showed annual variations since cells related to specific immune response, i.e., lymphocytes and thrombocytes, decrease in winter, whereas cells of the non-specific immune pathways, such as granulocyte, rise. The elevation of a particular type of circulating leucocyte was preceded by an increase in values of its precursor in blood in the previous season. Both, spleen and head kidney were active in haemolymphopoiesis, although with some differences in their activity during different seasons. Males showed higher values of circulating lymphoblasts and granulocytes than females, whereas females exhibited higher values of thrombocytes. This study corroborates the high interspecific variations in haematological parameters in fish that underlines the needing of basic studies in order to assess fish health status in new promising species for aquaculture. PMID:23982334
Alternative agents versus prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Estcourt, Lise J; Gregg, Richard; Stanworth, Simon; Doree, Carolyn; Trivella, Marialena; Murphy, Michael F; Tinmouth, Alan
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether alternative agents (e.g. artificial platelet substitutes, platelet-poor plasma, fibrinogen, rFVIIa, thrombopoietin mimetics) are as effective and safe as the use of platelet transfusions for the prevention of bleeding (prophylactic platelet transfusion) in patients with haematological disorders who are undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. Antifibrinolytics (lysine analogues) will not be included in this review because they have been the focus of another Cochrane review (Wardrop 2013). PMID:25722650
Preliminary study of the fungal ecology at the haematology and medical-oncology ward in Bamako, Mali.
Niaré-Doumbo, Safiatou; Normand, Anne Cécile; Diallo, Yacouba Lazarre; Dembelé, Abdoul Karim; Thera, Mahamadou A; Diallo, Dapa; Piarroux, Renaud; Doumbo, Ogobara; Ranque, Stéphane
Data on fungal epidemiology in sub-Saharan African countries are scarce. This exploratory study aimed to characterize the fungal flora at the Onco-Haematology ward of the National Teaching Hospital of Point G in Bamako, Mali. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the dry and in the rainy seasons. Nasal swab and sputum samples were collected from the hospitalized patients while airborne fungal spores were collected using electrostatic dust-fall collectors. Fungi were identified by their morphological characteristics and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Candida albicans was the most frequent yeast species colonizing patients; Aspergillus species were isolated in 86 % of the patients and were the main airborne environmental contaminants. Overall, airborne fungal contamination rates increased from 33.8 % in the dry to 66.2 % in the rainy season (p < 0.001). The most frequent Aspergillus species were Aspergillus niger (36.6 %) and Aspergillus flavus (32.92 %). In contrast, Aspergillus fumigatus (5.43 %) was relatively rare. This high level of fungal exposure raises concern regarding the management of at-risk patients in this Onco-Haematology ward and stresses the need for strengthening the mycological diagnostic capacities to accompany the implementation of adapted fungal infection prevention and management policies. PMID:24889723
Haematological indices are modulated in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to microcystins produced by cyanobacterial water bloom.
Kopp, R; Palíková, M; Mareš, J; Navrátil, S; Kubí?ek, Z; Ziková, A
This study evaluated the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water blooms on the blood indices of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Experimental fish were exposed to a natural population of cyanobacterial water blooms (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and M. ichthyoblabe), which contained microcystins [total concentration 133-284 ?g g?ą (DW), concentration in water 2.8-7.4 ?g L?ą]. Haematological indices showed marked changes in fish exposed to the cyanobacterial population in comparison with the control group. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water blooms on biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed a distinct decrease in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus and iron when compared to controls. Values of red blood counts [haemoglobin, haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration] and lactate were significantly increased compared to controls. After exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom, the carp were kept in clean water to monitor the persistence of biochemical indices. The influence of cyanobacterial populations on calcium, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, phosphorus and PCV persisted up to 28 days after conclusion of the experiment. Duration of exposure, toxicity and density of cyanobacterial water blooms had an important impact on individual haematological indices. PMID:21158871
Haematological profile of crossbred dairy cattle to monitor herd health status at medium elevation in Central Himalayas.
Kumar, B; Pachauri, S P
Haematological profile-haemoglobin concentration (Hb), total erythrocytes count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte indices-mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were studied in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal) under various physiological states: non-pregnant heifers (NPH), pregnant heifers (PH), empty dry cows (EDC), pregnant lactating cows (PLC), medium yield early lactating cows (MYELC) and high yield early lactating cows (HYELC) during summer and winter seasons at 1700 metres altitude from mean sea level in the Central Himalayas. On comparison of annual means, the highest values of Hb and PCV were recorded in PH and of TEC in NPH, whereas the lowest values of these parameters were found in EDC. The Hb and TEC tended to decrease with increasing milk yield. Comparison of annual means of erythrocyte indices revealed the highest MCV and MCH in EDC, which simultaneously showed the lowest MCHC. Significant seasonal variations in haematological profile were recorded. The overall group mean (OGM) of Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) during summer whereas the TEC and PCV showed higher OGM (P < 0.01) during the winter season. PMID:11020365
The haematological profile of female bronze turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) vaccinated with various commercial strains of Newcastle disease.
Schmidt, Elizabeth M d S; Santos, Ivan F C; Paulillo, António C; Martins, Gislaine R V; Denadai, Janine; Lapela, Ivan M
The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses and serum samples for the haemagglutination inhibition test. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated female turkeys than in the control birds 28 days after vaccination. Monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 44-week-old female turkeys vaccinated with inactivated LaSota strain compared with the other groups. Turkeys vaccinated with the B1 strain showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total white blood cell counts compared with the other groups vaccinated with various commercial strains of the Newcastle disease virus. In conclusion, female turkeys showed significant differences in haemoglobin concentrations, monocytes and white blood cell counts when vaccinated against Newcastle disease. PMID:25686083
Treatment of invasive fungal infections in high-risk haematological patients: what have we learnt in the past 10 years?
Vallejo, Carlos; Vázquez, Lourdes; Cabrera Martín, José Rafael; Carreras, Enric; García Rodríguez, Julio; Ruiz Camps, Isabel; Fortún, Jesús; Mensa, Josep; Barberán, José
Invasive fungal infection (IFI) caused by filamentous fungi remains a very severe infectious complication in patients with onco-haematological diseases. Last advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields, today we know that their contributions are limited. Something similar can be said of clinical trials especially in relation to some changes in the characteristics of the host. The development of promising diagnostic techniques and the relative expansion in the number of antifungal agents has been associated with diversification of therapeutic strategies (prophylaxis with extended-spectrum azoles and preemptive antifungal treatment). However, the low sensitivity of AGA testing in some circumstances, and the potential delay in starting treatment due to logistic reasons, has been reflected by a greater mortality in certain type of patients and a significant increase in the days of treatment. All these circumstances has once again focus attention to the empirical approach as a central strategy in high-risk patients. The objective of this article is to review the clinical experience in the treatment of IFI in onco-haematological patients according to data published in the literature in the last decade and to present a set of recommendations. PMID:24399355
Epigenetic Inactivation of the miR-124-1 in Haematological Malignancies
Wong, Kwan Yeung; So, Chi Chiu; Loong, Florence; Chung, Lap Ping; Lam, William Wai Lung; Liang, Raymond; Li, George Kam Hop; Jin, Dong-Yan; Chim, Chor Sang
miR-124-1 is a tumour suppressor microRNA (miR). Epigenetic deregulation of miRs is implicated in carcinogenesis. Promoter DNA methylation and histone modification of miR-124-1 was studied in 5 normal marrow controls, 4 lymphoma, 8 multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, 230 diagnostic primary samples of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), MM, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 53 MM samples at stable disease or relapse. Promoter of miR-124-1 was unmethylated in normal controls but homozygously methylated in 4 of 4 lymphoma and 4 of 8 myeloma cell lines. Treatment of 5-Aza-2?-deoxycytidine led to miR-124-1 demethylation and re-expression of mature miR-124, which also associated with emergence of euchromatic trimethyl H3K4 and consequent downregulation of CDK6 in myeloma cells harboring homozygous miR-124-1 methylation. In primary samples at diagnosis, miR-124-1 methylation was absent in CML but detected in 2% each of MM at diagnosis and relapse/progression, 5% ALL, 15% AML, 14% CLL and 58.1% of NHL (p<0.001). Amongst lymphoid malignancies, miR-124-1 was preferentially methylated in NHL than MM, CLL or ALL. In primary lymphoma samples, miR-124-1 was preferentially hypermethylated in B- or NK/T-cell lymphomas and associated with reduced miR-124 expression. In conclusion, miR-124-1 was hypermethylated in a tumour-specific manner, with a heterochromatic histone configuration. Hypomethylation led to partial restoration of euchromatic histone code and miR re-expression. Infrequent miR-124-1 methylation detected in diagnostic and relapse MM samples showed an unimportant role in MM pathogenesis, despite frequent methylation found in cell lines. Amongst haematological cancers, miR-124-1 was more frequently hypermethylated in NHL, and hence warrants further study. PMID:21544199
Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Estcourt, Lise J; Stanworth, Simon; Doree, Carolyn; Trivella, Marialena; Hopewell, Sally; Murphy, Michael F; Tinmouth, Alan
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether different platelet transfusion thresholds for administration of prophylactic platelet transfusions (platelet transfusions given to prevent bleeding) affect the efficacy and safety of prophylactic platelet transfusions in preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. PMID:25722651
Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department
J E Smith; G Garbutt; P Lopes; D Tunstall Pedoe
Objectives: To investigate the effects of strenuous exercise on commonly used biochemical and haematological variables in subjects running the 2002 London marathon.Methods: 34 healthy volunteers (7 female, 27 male) were recruited for the study. Blood was taken before the start (at registration) and immediately after completion of the marathon. Samples were analysed for urea and electrolytes, liver function tests, creatine
Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets.
Oni, Adebayo Olusoji; Arigbede, Oluwasanmi Moses; Sowande, Olusiji Sunday; Anele, Uchenna Young; Oni, Oluwakemi Oluremilekun; Onwuka, Chryss Friday Ijeoma; Onifade, Olufemi Sunday; Yusuf, Kafayat Omowumi; Dele, Peter Aniwe; Aderinboye, Ronke Yemisi
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P?0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2?×?10(12)/l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P?0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7?×?10(9)/l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of PCV and Hb in the diets (P?>?0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P?0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P?>?0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment, values for glucose significantly (P?0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P?0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased significantly (P?0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%. PMID:21744028
Haematological and biochemical measurements in healthy, adult, free-ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus syriacus) held in captivity.
Aroch, I; Shpigel, N Y; Avidar, Y; Yakobson, B; King, R; Shamir, M
Blood from 31 healthy, free-ranging golden jackals held in captivity for seven days was collected while they were anaesthetised. Haematological and serum biochemical measurements were analysed and the 95 per cent confidence interval for each variable was compared with the reference value for domestic dogs. The measurements of their red blood cells were within the reference interval for dogs, but the jackals had higher white blood cell counts and eosinophil counts than dogs. The male jackals had a higher haematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and a lower red blood cell distribution width than the female jackals. High activities of muscle enzymes were detected in many of the jackals, in several of which the activity of creatine kinase exceeded 5000 U/l; these were considered abnormal. PMID:16155240
Brand of dipotassium EDTA vacuum tube as a new source of pre-analytical variability in routine haematology testing.
Lima-Oliveira, G; Lippi, G; Salvagno, G L; Montagnana, M; Poli, G; Solero, G P; Picheth, G; Guidi, G C
This study assesses the use of different dry K2 (dipotassium) EDTA vacuum tubes and whether or not they might represent a bias in haematological testing. Blood was collected in three dipotassium EDTA vacuum tubes from different manufacturers: Venosafe, Vacuette and Vacutainer. Samples were analysed on an Advia 2120i analyser. Significant differences among results and biases were compared with current quality specifications. Significant differences were found for haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet distribution width (PDW) when comparing Venosafe vs. Vacuette; for MCV, WBC and PDW when comparing Venosafe vs. Vacutainer; and for HCT and MCV when comparing Vacuette vs. Vacutainer. Clinically significant variations were observed for HCT and PDW in Venosafe vs. Vacuette; PDW in Venosafe vs. Vacutainer; and HCT and MCV in Vacuette vs. Vacutainer. The use of dipotassium EDTA vacuum tubes from different manufacturers represent a clinically relevant source of variation for HCT, MCV and PDW. PMID:23617091
Secretion rate from minor salivary glands in patients with malignant haematological diseases receiving chemotherapy--a pilot study.
Blomgren, Johan; Jansson, Sigbritt; Rödjer, Stig; Birkhed, Dowen
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the secretion rate from minor salivary glands in 16 patients (mean age 62 years) with myeloma, lymphoma or other malignant haematological diseases receiving chemotherapy (study group). An age- and sex-matched control group (n = 16) was recruited. The secretion rate from the minor salivary glands on the inside of the lower lip, measured using the Periotron method, was in mean 2.8 microliters/cm2/min in the study group compared with 4.5 microliters/cm2/min in the control group (p < 0.01). No difference was found in the secretion rate of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva. There were more individuals who experienced dry mouth in the study group (n = 7) than in the control group (n = 2). The conclusion from this pilot study is that the secretion rate from the minor salivary glands might be reduced in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. PMID:12462875
Growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits as affected by different growth promoters.
Attia, Y A; El-Hanoun, A M; Bovera, F; Monastra, G; El-Tahawy, W S; Habiba, H I
The aim of the article was to study the effect of different growth promoters on growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits. A total number of 105 male growing NZW rabbits during 35-91 days of age were randomly distributed among 7 groups fed the same basal diet and submitted to different dietary treatments: the first group was unsupplemented and used as control; the other groups were supplemented respectively with bee pollen and/or propolis at 200 mg/kg BW of each and inulin and/or mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) at 35 mg/kg BW of each. Body weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), biochemical and haematological blood parameters, carcass characteristics, histological studies of ileum and spleen and economical efficiency were measured. Bee pollen administered alone or with propolis significantly (p < 0.01) the body weight gain and improved FCR in respect of the control group. Inulin with MOS significantly improved just FCR than the control group. Bee pollen with propolis and MOS supplemented-groups resulted in significantly higher (7.96 and 8.41% respectively) white blood cells compared to the control group. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly higher for the MOS group in respect of the control, bee pollen, inulin and inulin with MOS supplemented-groups. Propolis resulted in significantly higher dressed carcass percentage than the control group and higher carcass index than only bee pollen with propolis supplemented-group. Bee pollen, in particular if in combination with propolis, could be used as a supplement in the growing rabbits during days 35-91 of age with positive effects on growth rate and feed conversion ratio. PMID:23419029
Micro-organisms Associated with Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Haematological Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.
Mandal, Prakas Kumar; Maji, Suman Kumar; Dolai, Tuphan Kanti; De, Rajib; Dutta, Shyamali; Saha, Sandeep; Bhattacharyya, Maitreyee
There is paucity of information from eastern India with regard to observed dominant micro-organisms causing febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with haematological malignancies. To identify the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with FN. A total number of 268 episodes of FN were analysed from September'2010 to October'2013. The blood samples were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, glucose broth, Hicombi dual performance media (Himedia, LQ-12) at 37° C for 168 h and Bactec method was also performed for these samples. Blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey's agar and cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar were used for isolation of the microorganisms. A total number of 78 (29.10 %) episodes revealed positive growths. Gram negative bacilli and Gram positive cocci were isolated in 61.53 and 34.61 % cases respectively. The eight commonest isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.10 %), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-12.82 %), Acinetobacter sps (11.53 %), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.25 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.97 %), Escherichia coli (8.97 %), ESBL E. coli (6.41 %), methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA-6.41 %). Amongst other less common isolates were Citrobacter kosseri (3.84 %), Citrobacter freundii (2.56 %), Ralstonia paucula (2.56 %), Cedecia neteri (1.28 %), methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (2.56 %). Candida spp. including two cases of Candida non-albicans was isolated in 3.84 % of cases. P. aeruginosa was the commonest pathogenic isolates in FN patients associated with haematological malignancies in this study. Gram negative bacteria were the commonest isolates in FN including significant numbers of rare opportunistic micro-organisms. PMID:25548444
Breakthrough candidaemia caused by phenotypically susceptible Candida spp. in patients with haematological malignancies does not correlate with established interpretive breakpoints.
Gamaletsou, Maria N; Daikos, George L; Walsh, Thomas J; Perlin, David S; Ortigosa, Cristina Jimenez; Psaroulaki, Anna; Pagoni, Maria; Argyropoulou, Athina; Nepka, Martha; Perivolioti, Efstathia; Kotsopoulou, Maria; Perloretzou, Stavroula; Marangos, Markos; Kofteridis, Diamantis; Grammatikou, Maria; Goukos, Dimitrios; Petrikkos, George; Sipsas, Nikolaos V
In a study of 27,864 patients with haematological malignancies, 40 patients with candidaemia were identified, among whom 21 developed candidaemia while receiving systemic antifungal therapy [breakthrough candidaemia (BTC)]. Demographic, clinical, microbiological and molecular features of these episodes were analysed. Compared with 19 patients with de novo candidaemia, patients with BTC were more likely to have neutropenia (81% vs. 63%), longer median duration of neutropenia (27 days vs. 15 days), hypogammaglobulinaemia (62% vs. 37%) and central venous catheters (CVCs) (86% vs. 68%). The median duration of prior antifungal exposure was 46 days (range 3-108 days). Among the 18 available Candida spp. isolates, 15 (83%) were phenotypically susceptible to the antifungal agent that the patient was receiving. Emergence of resistance was the mechanism leading to BTC in three cases of patients receiving echinocandins. Other possible mechanisms of BTC were (i) elevated (?2) minimum lethal concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration (MLC/MIC) ratio (reduced ability for a fungicidal agent to kill a fungal pathogen) in all patients receiving amphotericin B and (ii) elevated MLC/MIC ratios in all Candida parapsilosis isolates with MICs?1 ?g/mL to echinocandins. DNA sequencing of the hotspot 1 region of the fks1 and fks2 genes in seven different isolates of C. parapsilosis group demonstrated P660A in Fks1 but no polymorphisms in fks2. In conclusion, mechanisms for BTC in the setting of prolonged neutropenia may be host-based (hypogammaglobulinaemia and CVC) and pathogen-based. CLSI interpretive breakpoints do not reliably predict BTC in patients with haematological malignancies and warrant further investigation. PMID:25108876
Modulatory effect of N-acetylcysteine on pro-antioxidant status and haematological response in healthy men.
Zembron-Lacny, A; Slowinska-Lisowska, M; Szygula, Z; Witkowski, Z; Szyszka, K
The aim of this study was to follow up whether the modification of pro-antioxidant status by 8-day oral application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy men affects the haematological response, whether there is a direct relationship between antioxidant defences and erythropoietin (EPO) secretion and whether NAC intake enhances exercise performance. Fifteen healthy men were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or NAC (1,200 mg d(-1) for 8 days prior to and 600 mg on the day of exercise trial). To measure the ergogenic effectiveness of NAC, subjects performed incremental cycle exercise until exhaustion. NAC administration significantly influenced the resting and post-exercise level of glutathione (+31%) as well as the resting activity of glutathione enzymes (glutathione reductase, -22%; glutathione peroxidase, -18%). The oxidative damage markers, i.e., protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) were reduced by NAC by more than 30%. NAC noticeably affected the plasma level of EPO (+26%), haemoglobin (+9%), haematocrit (+9%) and erythrocytes (-6%) at rest and after exercise. The mean corpuscular volume and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin increased by more than 12%. Plasma total thiols increased by 17% and directly correlated with EPO level (r = 0.528, P < 0.05). NAC treatment, contrary to expectations, did not significantly affect exercise performance. Our study has shown that 8-day NAC intake at a daily dose of 1,200 mg favours a pro-antioxidant status and affects haematological indices but does not enhance exercise performance. PMID:20354834
Growth and haematological response of indigenous Venda chickens aged 8 to 13 weeks to varying dietary lysine to energy ratios.
Alabi, O J; Ng'ambi, J W; Mbajiorgu, E F; Norris, D; Mabelebele, M
The effect of feeding varying dietary lysine to energy levels on growth and haematological values of indigenous Venda chickens aged 8 - 13 weeks was evaluated. Four hundred and twenty Venda chickens (BW 362 ± 10 g) were allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated seven times, and each replicate had fifteen chickens. Four maize-soya beans-based diets were formulated. Each diet had similar CP (150 g/kg DM) and lysine (8 g lysine/kg DM) but varying energy levels (11, 12, 13 and 14 MJ ME/kg DM). The birds were reared in a deep litter house; feed and water were provided ad libitum. Data on growth and haematological values were collected and analysed using one-way analysis of variance. Duncan's test for multiple comparisons was used to test the significant difference between treatment means (p < 0.05). A quadratic equation was used to determine dietary lysine to energy ratios for optimum parameters which were significant difference. Results showed that dietary energy level influenced (p < 0.05) feed intake, feed conversion ratio, live weight, haemoglobin and pack cell volume values of chickens. Dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention not influenced by dietary lysine to energy ratio. Also, white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in female Venda chickens aged 91 days were not influenced by dietary lysine to energy ratio. It is concluded that dietary lysine to energy ratios of 0.672, 0.646, 0.639 and 0.649 optimized feed intake, growth rate, FCR and live weight in indigenous female Venda chickens fed diets containing 8 g of lysine/kg DM, 150 g of CP/kg DM and 11 MJ of ME/kg DM. This has implications in diet formulation for indigenous female Venda chickens. PMID:25495676
Recommendations of the SFH (French Society of Haematology) for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hairy cell leukaemia.
Cornet, Edouard; Delmer, Alain; Feugier, Pierre; Garnache-Ottou, Francine; Ghez, David; Leblond, Véronique; Levy, Vincent; Maloisel, Frédéric; Re, Daniel; Zini, Jean-Marc; Troussard, Xavier
Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare haematological malignancy, with approximately 175 new incident cases in France. Diagnosis is based on a careful examination of the blood smear and immunophenotyping of the tumour cells, with a panel of four markers being used specifically to screen for hairy cells (CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123). In 2011, the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene in exon 15 was identified in HCL; being present in HCL, it is absent in the variant form of HCL (HCL-v) and in splenic red pulp lymphoma (SRPL), two entities related to HCL. The management of patients with HCL has changed in recent years. A poorer response to purine nucleoside analogues (PNAs) is observed in patients with more marked leukocytosis, bulky splenomegaly, an unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) gene profile, use of VH4-34 or with TP53 mutations. We present the recommendations of a group of 11 experts belonging to a number of French hospitals. This group met in November 2013 to examine the criteria for managing patients with HCL. The ideas and proposals of the group are based on a critical analysis of the recommendations already published in the literature and on an analysis of the practices of clinical haematology departments with experience in managing these patients. The first-line treatment uses purine analogues: cladribine or pentostatin. The role of BRAF inhibitors, whether or not combined with MEK inhibitors, is discussed. The panel of French experts proposed recommendations to manage patients with HCL, which can be used in a daily practice. PMID:24994538
Ethanol versus heparin locks for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections: a randomized trial in adult haematology patients with Hickman devices.
Worth, L J; Slavin, M A; Heath, S; Szer, J; Grigg, A P
The effectiveness of ethanol locks for prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in adult haematology patients has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to compare prospectively heparinized saline with 70% ethanol locks using 2 h dwell time in patients with tunnelled CVCs. In saline (N = 43) and ethanol (N = 42) groups, CLABSI rates were 6.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-9.8] and 4.1 (95% CI: 1.9-7.7) per 1000 CVC days, respectively (P = 0.42). In the ethanol group, two exit-site infections and one tunnel/pocket infection were observed. Reduction in device-associated infection was not achieved with prophylactic 70% ethanol locks in patients with haematological malignancy and tunnelled CVCs. PMID:25063013
Haematology and blood chemistry of healthy and clinically abnormal great black?backed gulls (Larus Marinus) and herring gulls (Larus Argentatus)
Christiane Averbeck
Normal haematological values and cholesterol values (total, HDL?cholesterol, LDL?cholesterol) were determined in free?living Herring and Great Black?backed Gulls, taking into account species, age and sex. These figures were then used as a basis of comparison with findings on birds with apparent clinical abnormalities (the birds were either oiled, emaciated, extensively infested with endoparasites, had external injuries or organic abnormalities).Species?specific differences
Ascorbate2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ): 1. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response
K. Sandnes; T. Hansen; J. E. A. Killie; R. Waagbř
The present experiment shows that ascorbate-2-sulfate (AS) is not equivalent to ascorbic acid (AA) as a dietary vitamin C\\u000a source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Within reasonable feed supplemental levels AS does not provide the tissues with adequate supplies of vitamin C to secure\\u000a optimal physiological functions as demonstrated by biochemical and haematological analyses.\\u000a \\u000a AS could not be detected in
A therapeutic-only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Estcourt, Lise J; Crighton, Gemma L; Wood, Erica M; Stanworth, Simon; Trivella, Marialena; Doree, Carolyn; Tinmouth, Alan; Murphy, Michael F
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether a therapeutic-only platelet transfusion policy (platelet transfusions given when patient bleeds) is as effective and safe as a prophylactic platelet transfusion policy (platelet transfusions given to prevent bleeding usually when the platelet count falls below a given trigger level) in patients with haematological disorders undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. PMID:25722649
Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia, Bacteraemia and Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Haematological Malignancies, 2004–2010: A Surveillance-Based Study
Huoi, Catherine; Vanhems, Philippe; Nicolle, Marie-Christine; Michallet, Mauricette; Bénet, Thomas
Objective This study charted incidence trends of hospital-acquired (HA) pneumonia, bacteraemia and urinary tract infections (UTI) in a haematology department. Methods Prospective surveillance of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) was undertaken in a 42-bed haematology department of a university hospital. All patients hospitalized ?48 hours between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2010 were included. Definitions of HAI were based on a standardized protocol. The incidence was the number of events per 1000 patient-days at risk; only the first HAI was counted. Multivariate Poisson regression was fitted to assess temporal trends. Results Among 3 355 patients (58 063 patient-days at risk) included, 1 055 (31%) had HAI. The incidence of HA pneumonia, HA bacteraemia and HA UTI was respectively 3.3, 12.0 and 2.9 per 1000 patient-days at risk. HA bacteraemia incidence increased by 11% (95% confidence interval: +6%, +15%, P<0.001) per year, independently of neutropenia, central venous catheterization (CVC) and haematological disease. The incidences of HA pneumonia and HA UTI were stable. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Aspergillus spp. (59.2%) for pneumonia, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (44.2%) for bacteraemia and enterobacteria (60%) for UTI. Conclusion The incidence of bacteraemia increased, indicating that factors other than CVC exposure, including chemotherapy with its impact on the immune system, could explain this trend. Further analytic studies are needed to explore the factors that could explain this trend. PMID:23472145
Clinical experience of the use of voriconazole, caspofungin or the combination in primary and salvage therapy of invasive aspergillosis in haematological malignancies.
Raad, Issam I; Zakhem, Aline El; Helou, Gilbert El; Jiang, Ying; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P; Hachem, Ray
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection in severely immunocompromised haematological malignancy patients. In this study, the efficacy and safety of caspofungin, voriconazole or the combination as primary and salvage therapy in patients with IA were compared. The study included 181 patients with haematological malignancies and IA who received primary or salvage therapy with caspofungin, voriconazole or the combination. In total, 138 patients who received treatment for ?7 days were analysed; 86 underwent primary antifungal therapy (15 with caspofungin, 38 with voriconazole and 33 with both). Among the salvage therapy patients, 17 received caspofungin, 24 received voriconazole and 35 received both. In the primary therapy group, no difference in therapy response was found, but caspofungin was associated with higher IA mortality rates. A multivariate competing risk analysis of primary antifungal therapy revealed that voriconazole was independently associated with lower IA-associated mortality rates than caspofungin (hazard ratio=0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.96; P=0.04). In the salvage therapy group, the three treatment groups had similar responses and IA-associated mortality rates. The combination of voriconazole and caspofungin did not result in better outcomes compared with voriconazole alone, as primary or salvage therapy, in haematological malignancy patients. However, voriconazole was associated with a lower Aspergillus-associated mortality rate compared with caspofungin monotherapy. PMID:25455847
Antidiabetic and haematological effect of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana (Smith) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Oyedemi, SO; Adewusi, EA; Aiyegoro, OA; Akinpelu, DA
Objective To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana (A. africana) and its beneficial effect on haematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods A total of 30 rats including 24 diabetic and 6 normal rats were used for this study. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After being confirmed diabetic, animals were orally treated with distilled water or extracts at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days. The haematological parameters including red blood and white blood cells and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups compared with the controls. Results The extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels while the best result was obtained at 200 mg/kg body weight. The feed and water intake in diabetic rats were significantly reduced while weight loss was minimized at both dosages. Similarly, the levels of red blood, white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved after extract administration at both doses. Conclusions It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of bark of A. africana possesses antihyperglycemic properties. In addition, the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haematological parameters. Further experimental investigation is needed to exploit its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethnomedicinal usage. PMID:23569792
Effect of a Probiotic Containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis and Ferroin Solution on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Haematological Parameters in Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) Fry.
Azarin, Hajar; Aramli, Mohammad Sadegh; Imanpour, Mohammad Reza; Rajabpour, Mina
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of BioPlus 2B, a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis and Ferroin solution on growth performance, body composition and haematological parameters in kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, fry. The fish were fed dry pellets containing various ratios of probiotics and Ferroin for 60 days after absorption of the yolk sac. At the end of the trial, growth indices (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, daily growth rate, food conversion ratio and condition factor), body composition (crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture) and haematological parameters [haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUTR), lymphocytes (LYM), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] were assessed. Regarding body composition, total protein levels were higher, and ash, moisture and lipid levels were lower in fish receiving the probiotic and Ferroin treatments compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Fish receiving diets supplemented with probiotics and Ferroin solution showed significantly better growth than those fed the basal diet (control). RBC, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH and LYM were all highest in fish fed probiotic (1.6 × 10(9) CFU/g dry pellet) + Ferroin solution (7 mg/kg dry pellet) + dry pellets. These results indicate that the combination of probiotic and Ferroin solution represents an effective dietary supplement for improving carcass quality, growth performance and haematological parameters in kutum fry. PMID:25431124
Pathological, biochemical and haematological investigations on the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in experimental aflatoxin toxicosis in chicks.
Karaman, M; Ozen, H; Tuzcu, M; Ci?remi?, Y; Onder, F; Ozcan, K
1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on aflatoxin (AF) toxicosis in chicks. 2. Groups of 10 Ross PM3 chicks were given, for 21 d, no AF (C), 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), 150 ppb of aflatoxin (AF1), 150 ppb of aflatoxin plus 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (AF1 + LA), 300 ppb of aflatoxin (AF2), and 300 ppb of aflatoxin plus 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (AF2 + LA). Before the animals were killed, blood samples were drawn for haematological analysis, and then tissue samples were collected for histopathological investigation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine on liver samples. Apoptotic cell death in liver was assessed by in situ TUNEL assay. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver and kidney were also determined. 3. Hydropic degeneration and occasional necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis were observed in the livers of AF-treated groups. The severity of these changes was reduced in LA-supplemented AF groups. Occasionally, thymic cortical atrophy, lymphoid depletion in spleen and bursa of Fabricius, and degeneration in the kidney tubule epitheliums were detected in AF groups. The severity of these degenerative changes was slightly reduced in LA supplemented groups. 4. There was moderate to strong iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the livers of AF groups, while decreased immunoreactivity was observed against both antibodies in the LA supplemented groups. Apoptotic cells were numerous in the AF groups, while greatly reduced in LA supplemented groups. 5. In the liver and kidney of AF-treated groups given 300 ppb of aflatoxin, MDA concentrations were increased as GSH decreased, compared to the control group. LA supplementation of AF-treated birds improved the results compared to the AF only groups, however a statistical difference was observed only in liver tissues between AF2 + LA and AF2 groups. Haematological variables showed no differences among the groups. 6. In conclusion, supplementation of feed with the antioxidant LA, might ameliorate the degenerative effects caused by aflatoxin due to lipid peroxidation. PMID:20390578
Loci Associated with N-Glycosylation of Human Immunoglobulin G Show Pleiotropy with Autoimmune Diseases and Haematological Cancers
Mužini?, Ana; Novokmet, Mislav; Polašek, Ozren; Gornik, Olga; Krišti?, Jasminka; Keser, Toma; Vitart, Veronique; Scheijen, Blanca; Uh, Hae-Won; Molokhia, Mariam; Patrick, Alan Leslie; McKeigue, Paul; Kol?i?, Ivana; Luki?, Ivan Krešimir; Swann, Olivia; van Leeuwen, Frank N.; Ruhaak, L. Renee; Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine J.; Slagboom, P. Eline; Beekman, Marian; de Craen, Anton J. M.; Deelder, André M.; Zeng, Qiang; Wang, Wei; Hastie, Nicholas D.; Gyllensten, Ulf; Wilson, James F.; Wuhrer, Manfred; Wright, Alan F.; Rudan, Igor
Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) influences IgG effector function by modulating binding to Fc receptors. To identify genetic loci associated with IgG glycosylation, we quantitated N-linked IgG glycans using two approaches. After isolating IgG from human plasma, we performed 77 quantitative measurements of N-glycosylation using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in 2,247 individuals from four European discovery populations. In parallel, we measured IgG N-glycans using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) in a replication cohort of 1,848 Europeans. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) results identified 9 genome-wide significant loci (P<2.27×10?9) in the discovery analysis and two of the same loci (B4GALT1 and MGAT3) in the replication cohort. Four loci contained genes encoding glycosyltransferases (ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, FUT8, and MGAT3), while the remaining 5 contained genes that have not been previously implicated in protein glycosylation (IKZF1, IL6ST-ANKRD55, ABCF2-SMARCD3, SUV420H1, and SMARCB1-DERL3). However, most of them have been strongly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diabetes type 1, multiple sclerosis, Graves' disease, celiac disease, nodular sclerosis) and/or haematological cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma). Follow-up functional experiments in haplodeficient Ikzf1 knock-out mice showed the same general pattern of changes in IgG glycosylation as identified in the meta-analysis. As IKZF1 was associated with multiple IgG N-glycan traits, we explored biomarker potential of affected N-glycans in 101 cases with SLE and 183 matched controls and demonstrated substantial discriminative power in a ROC-curve analysis (area under the curve?=?0.842). Our study shows that it is possible to identify new loci that control glycosylation of a single plasma protein using GWAS. The results may also provide an explanation for the reported pleiotropy and antagonistic effects of loci involved in autoimmune diseases and haematological cancer. PMID:23382691
Haematological parameters as predictors of blood lead and indicators of lead poisoning in the black duck (Anas rubripes).
Pain, D J
The validity of various haematological parameters as indicators of blood lead concentration and lead poisoning in the black duck (Anas rubripes) is discussed. Elevated (> 40 microg dl(-1)) blood lead (PbB) levels were recorded in 41% of the 229 wild birds examined. No correlation was found between PbB concentration and haematocrit. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was positively correlated with PbB. Haemoglobin, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) activity and non-activated/activated ALA-d ratios were negatively correlated with PbB. The minimum PbB levels at which these parameters were affected varied greatly. ZPP and haemoglobin were relatively insensitive to PbB concentrations; whilst ALA-d activity and ALA-d ratio were influenced by PbB concentrations of < 5 microg dl(-1). Log(10) ALA-d ratio was more strongly correlated with PbB (r = -0.953) than log(10) ALA-d activity (r = -0.914) and the predictive validity (% false -ve and +ve predictions) of the ratio method was higher. The high individual variability in ALA-d activities at low PbB levels was greatly reduced by the use of the ALA-d ratio method. The ALA-d ratio method proved the most efficient for screening black duck for lead poisoning in the field. PMID:15092391
The Effect of Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on Haematological and Biochemical Indicators and Histopathological Changes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Modra, Helena; Blahova, Jana; Franc, Ales; Fictum, Petr; Sevcikova, Marie; Svobodova, Zdenka
Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by the Fusarium genus, is a major contaminant of cereal grains used in the production of fish feed. The effect of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was studied using a commercial feed with the addition of DON in a dose of 2?mg/kg feed. The fish (n = 40) were exposed to the mycotoxin for 23 days. The trout were divided into two groups, control and experimental groups. Control groups were fed a commercial feed naturally contaminated with a low concentration of DON (225??g/kg feed); experimental groups were fed a commercial feed with the addition of DON (1964??g/kg feed). Plasma biochemical and haematological indices, biometric parameters, and histopathological changes were assessed at the end of the experiment. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values in MCH (P < 0.05). In biochemical indices, after 23-day exposure, a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol (P < 0.05), and ammonia (P < 0.01) was recorded in the experimental group compared to the control group. Our assessment showed no significant changes in biometric parameters. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the caudal kidney of the exposed fish. The obtained data show the sensitivity of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) to deoxynivalenol. PMID:24729967
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Diamond Blackfan anaemia: a report from the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry.
Fagioli, Franca; Quarello, Paola; Zecca, Marco; Lanino, Edoardo; Corti, Paola; Favre, Claudio; Ripaldi, Mimmo; Ramenghi, Ugo; Locatelli, Franco; Prete, Arcangelo
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for patients with Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA). We report the transplantation outcome of 30 Italian DBA patients referred to the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry between 1990 and 2012. This is one of the largest national registry cohorts of transplanted DBA patients. Most patients (83%) were allografted after 2000. A matched sibling donor was employed in 16 patients (53%), the remaining 14 patients (47%) were transplanted from matched unrelated donors. Twenty-eight of the 30 patients engrafted. One patient died at day +6 due to veno-occlusive disease without achieving neutrophil recovery and another patient remained transfusion-dependent despite the presence of a full donor chimerism. The 5-year overall survival and transplant-related mortality was 74·4% and 25·6%, respectively. Patients younger than 10 years as well as those transplanted after 2000 showed a significantly higher overall survival and a significantly lower risk of transplant-related mortality. No difference between donor type was observed. Our data suggest that allogeneic HSCT from a related or unrelated donor was a reasonable alternative to transfusion therapy in young and well chelated DBA patients. PMID:24611452
Real-world costs of autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantations for haematological diseases: a multicentre study.
Blommestein, H M; Verelst, S G R; Huijgens, P C; Blijlevens, N M A; Cornelissen, J J; Uyl-de Groot, C A
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an expensive lifesaving procedure, which is increasingly performed in patients with haematological diseases. Developments in the protocol for SCT have resulted in cost estimates that require updating. We aimed to calculate actual costs for SCT and to identify major cost drivers by means of a daily practice cost study. We randomly selected 191 patients, treated at three university hospitals, who underwent an autologous (auto) SCT or allogeneic (allo) SCT in 2007, 2008 or 2009. Allo-SCT included sibling donors, matched unrelated donors (MUD) and umbilical cord blood (UCB). Resource use was collected from the hospital registration systems and medical files. The total costs included selection and harvesting of stem cells, transplantation and 1-year follow-up. The average costs per patient were 45,670 € for auto-SCT and 101,919 € for sibling allo-SCT. The costs of transplantations from unrelated donors were much higher: 171,478 € for allo-SCT-MUD and 254,689 € for allo-SCT-UCB. Hospital inpatient days together with laboratory and other activities were the main cost drivers across all types of SCT. Besides, donor search costs were a large cost component in allo-SCT-sib (18 %) and allo-SCT-MUD (12 %). Real-world costs were above routine reimbursement and appropriate financing is necessary to guarantee the continuation of SCT. The costs calculated in this study provide reliable up-to-date input for cost-effectiveness studies and budget revision. PMID:22864761
Exogenous Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Boosts Acclimatization in Rats Exposed to Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia: Assessment of Haematological and Metabolic Effects
Chawla, Sonam; Rahar, Babita; Singh, Mrinalini; Bansal, Anju; Saraswat, Deepika; Saxena, Shweta
Background The physiological challenges posed by hypobaric hypoxia warrant exploration of pharmacological entities to improve acclimatization to hypoxia. The present study investigates the preclinical efficacy of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to improve acclimatization to simulated hypobaric hypoxia. Experimental Approach Efficacy of intravenously administered S1P in improving haematological and metabolic acclimatization was evaluated in rats exposed to simulated acute hypobaric hypoxia (7620m for 6 hours) following S1P pre-treatment for three days. Major Findings Altitude exposure of the control rats caused systemic hypoxia, hypocapnia (plausible sign of hyperventilation) and respiratory alkalosis due to suboptimal renal compensation indicated by an overt alkaline pH of the mixed venous blood. This was associated with pronounced energy deficit in the hepatic tissue along with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. S1P pre-treatment improved blood oxygen-carrying-capacity by increasing haemoglobin, haematocrit, and RBC count, probably as an outcome of hypoxia inducible factor-1? mediated erythropoiesis and renal S1P receptor 1 mediated haemoconcentation. The improved partial pressure of oxygen in the blood could further restore aerobic respiration and increase ATP content in the hepatic tissue of S1P treated animals. S1P could also protect the animals from hypoxia mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion The study findings highlight S1P's merits as a preconditioning agent for improving acclimatization to acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure. The results may have long term clinical application for improving physiological acclimatization of subjects venturing into high altitude for occupational or recreational purposes. PMID:24887065
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan as assessed by haematology, blood biochemistry, and growth parameters.
Petri, Dietrich; Glover, Chris N; Ylving, Sonja; Kolĺs, Kjersti; Fremmersvik, Gro; Waagbř, Rune; Berntssen, Marc H G
The presence of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in the water column confers a significant direct risk to the biota therein, yet relatively little is known regarding the toxic impact of dietborne endosulfan to aquatic organisms. Pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed at levels of technical endosulfan equal to the European Union regulatory limit (5 microg kg(-1)) and at levels 10 and 100 times greater, for a total of 49 days with haematology (e.g. erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, white blood cell composition), blood biochemistry (e.g. serum aminotransferase, plasma ions) and growth parameters (e.g. condition factor) recorded at days 0, 14, 35, and 49. Toxicological assessment of the individual alpha and beta-isomers that comprise technical endosulfan was also attempted. No mortality was observed in any group during the experiment. In the groups exposed to the control, 5, and 50 microg kg(-1) technical endosulfan feeds no significant alterations in any measured parameters were determined at any time point. No differences were observed between the technical mixture and the individual alpha and beta-isomer treatment groups. Condition factor was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 500 microg kg(-1) at day 49, while haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were significantly elevated after 35 days of exposure to the same dietary level, but returned to control levels by day 49. The present study shows that with regards to acute toxicity, Atlantic salmon are able to tolerate dietary technical endosulfan levels up to 500 microg kg(-1). PMID:17081631
Haematological and serum biochemical responses of rabbit does to crude Moringa oleifera leaf extract at gestation and lactation.
Ewuola, Emmanuel Olubisi; Sokunbi, Olujide Adedamola; Sanni, Kafayat Modupeola; Oyedemi, Oluwaseyi Margaret; Lawal, Temitope Tawakalit
As the plant Moringa oleifera is used in herbal medicines for animals, an experiment was carried out to assess the effects of crude M. oleifera leaf extract (CMOLE) on the blood profile of rabbit does during gestation and lactation. Twenty-four mature does (mean weight 2200 g) housed individually were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomised design. The animals in treatments 2, 3 and 4 were orally given 100, 200 and 300 mL/L CMOLE, respectively, at 2.5 mL/kg body weight at 48 h intervals for 9 weeks. The control animals (treatment 1) were given with water only. All the does were mated with untreated bucks 2 weeks into the experiment. Blood samples were collected at 3rd trimester (day 25 of gestation) and 2nd week of lactation. During gestation, levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were not significantly different among the treatments. However, animals on treatment 2 had the highest platelets (148.8?×?10(9)/L), not significantly different from those on treatments 3 (141.5?×?10(9)/L) and 4 (135.0?×?10(9)/L), but higher (p?0.05) than the control (126.6?×?10(9)/L). Haematological parameters during lactation were not significantly different among the treatments. Of the serum biochemical variables examined during gestation, only urea was higher (p?0.05) in control rabbits than those administered with 300 mL/L CMOLE. In lactation, only cholesterol was significantly (p?0.05) reduced with an increase in CMOLE concentration. This suggests that Moringa has a hypocholesterolemic effect and is safe for use up to 300 mL/L for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. PMID:25686552
Mortality, morbidity, and haematological results from a cohort of long-term workers involved in 1,3-butadiene monomer production.
Cowles, S R; Tsai, S P; Snyder, P J; Ross, C E
A retrospective mortality analysis and prospective morbidity and haematological analyses were performed for Shell Deer Park Manufacturing Complex (DPMC) male employees who worked in jobs with potential exposure to 1,3-butadiene from 1948 to 1989. 614 employees qualified for the mortality study (1948-89), 438 of those were still employed during the period of the morbidity study (1982-9), and 429 of those had haematological data available for analysis. Industrial hygiene data from 1979 to 1992 showed that most butadiene exposures did not exceed 10 ppm (eight-hour time weighted average (8 hour TWA)), and most were below 1 ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 3.5 ppm. 24 deaths occurred during the mortality study period. For all causes of death, the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 48 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 31-72), and the all cancer SMR was 34 (95% CI = 9-87). There were only two deaths due to lung cancer (SMR 42, 95% CI = 5-151) and none due to lymphohaematopoietic cancer (expected = 1.2). Morbidity (illness absence) events of six days or more for the 438 butadiene employees were compared with the rest of the complex. No cause of morbidity was in excess for this group; the all cause standardised morbidity ratio (SMbR) was 85 (95% CI = 77-93) and the all neoplasms SMbR was 51 (95% CI = 22-100). Haematological results for the 429 with laboratory data were compared with results for the rest of the complex. No significant differences occurred between the two groups and the distributions of results between butadiene and non-butadiene groups were virtually identical. These results suggest that butadiene exposures at concentrations common at DPMC in the past 10-20 years do not pose a health hazard to employees. PMID:8199682
Mortality, morbidity, and haematological results from a cohort of long-term workers involved in 1,3-butadiene monomer production.
Cowles, S R; Tsai, S P; Snyder, P J; Ross, C E
A retrospective mortality analysis and prospective morbidity and haematological analyses were performed for Shell Deer Park Manufacturing Complex (DPMC) male employees who worked in jobs with potential exposure to 1,3-butadiene from 1948 to 1989. 614 employees qualified for the mortality study (1948-89), 438 of those were still employed during the period of the morbidity study (1982-9), and 429 of those had haematological data available for analysis. Industrial hygiene data from 1979 to 1992 showed that most butadiene exposures did not exceed 10 ppm (eight-hour time weighted average (8 hour TWA)), and most were below 1 ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 3.5 ppm. 24 deaths occurred during the mortality study period. For all causes of death, the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 48 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 31-72), and the all cancer SMR was 34 (95% CI = 9-87). There were only two deaths due to lung cancer (SMR 42, 95% CI = 5-151) and none due to lymphohaematopoietic cancer (expected = 1.2). Morbidity (illness absence) events of six days or more for the 438 butadiene employees were compared with the rest of the complex. No cause of morbidity was in excess for this group; the all cause standardised morbidity ratio (SMbR) was 85 (95% CI = 77-93) and the all neoplasms SMbR was 51 (95% CI = 22-100). Haematological results for the 429 with laboratory data were compared with results for the rest of the complex. No significant differences occurred between the two groups and the distributions of results between butadiene and non-butadiene groups were virtually identical. These results suggest that butadiene exposures at concentrations common at DPMC in the past 10-20 years do not pose a health hazard to employees. PMID:8199682
Haematological and biochemical profile of growing Yankasa rams fed sorghum stover supplemented with graded levels of dried poultry droppings based diets.
Bello, Abdul Waheed Adeyemi; Tsado, Daniel Nma
This study was designed to determine the haematological and biochemical profiles of growing Yankasa rams fed sorghum stover supplemented with Sun-Dried Poultry Droppings diets (SDPD). Poultry dropping is a good source of protein supplement. Its high nitrogen content suggests feeding it to ruminant would be an excellent avenue to convert nutrients in the waste into animal products. But a major challenge for it utilization is the danger of pathogenic organisms. Sun-drying of the droppings can render the waste free of pathogens. Thirty growing Yankasa rams aged 9-12 months, weighing 11.5-15.5 kg were randomly divided into five groups (3 in each) and assigned to five experimental diets T1-T5 which contained 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% SDPD. Blood samples were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. Results showed that White Blood Cell (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were significantly influenced by Dried Poultry Droppings based diets (DPD). Their values were WBC, 10.6, 12.9, 9.5, 7.0 and 10.7 L(-1), Hb, 8.6, 9.3, 8.6, 8.4 and 9.7 g dL(-1) and PCV, 22.9, 29.4, 27.1, 23.6 and 21.5%, respectively. Additionally, urea, sodium and total protein were significantly influenced by treatment diet. Their values were urea, 6.1, 6.3, 6.8, 6.9 and 8.1 mg dL(-1), sodium, 102.9, 128.8, 129.2, 130.7 and 130.7 mmol L(-1). total protein, 6.3, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2 and 7.1 g dL(-1). Most haematological and biochemical values obtained were within the normal range for sheep. SDPS diet can satisfactorily supplement sorghum stover without any deleterious effect on the blood chemistry and haematological profile of growing Yankasa rams. PMID:24517007
Cerebral sinus venous thromboses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - a multicentre study from the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology.
Ranta, Susanna; Tuckuviene, Ruta; Mäkipernaa, Anne; Albertsen, Birgitte K; Frisk, Tony; Tedgĺrd, Ulf; Jónsson, Ólafur G; Pruunsild, Kaie; Gretenkort Andersson, Nadine; Winther Gunnes, Maria; Saulyte Trakymiene, Sonata; Frandsen, Thomas; Heyman, Mats; Ruud, Ellen; Helgestad, Jon
We present a prospective multicentre cohort of 20 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT). The study covers a period of 5 years and comprises 1038 children treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL 2008 protocol. The cumulative incidence of CSVT was 2%. Sixteen of the thromboses were related to asparaginase and 16 to steroids. Most CSVTs occurred in the consolidation phase. Nearly all were treated with low molecular weight heparin without bleeding complications. Mortality related to CSVT directly or indirectly was 10%, emphasizing the importance of this complication. PMID:25288392
Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department
Smith, J; Garbutt, G; Lopes, P; Pedoe, D
Objectives: To investigate the effects of strenuous exercise on commonly used biochemical and haematological variables in subjects running the 2002 London marathon. Methods: 34 healthy volunteers (7 female, 27 male) were recruited for the study. Blood was taken before the start (at registration) and immediately after completion of the marathon. Samples were analysed for urea and electrolytes, liver function tests, creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB isoenzyme, myoglobin, troponin I, full blood count, a clotting screen, and D-dimers. The results before and after exercise were compared. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for all variables. Results: Significant increases were found in CK, CK-MB, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin following the marathon. However, there was no significant change in the level of troponin I. There was also evidence of activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades following the marathon, with a reduction in activated partial thromboplastin time, a reduction in fibrinogen, and an increase in D-dimers. Conclusions: The results confirm previous individual studies on marathon running and the biochemical and haematological tests routinely carried out in hospital. These are affected by prolonged exercise, and "abnormal" results in these tests may be normal after prolonged exercise and therefore not diagnostic of a disease process. The results of investigations in patients who have been exercising should be interpreted with caution. PMID:15155430
Facilitating Surveillance of Pulmonary Invasive Mold Diseases in Patients with Haematological Malignancies by Screening Computed Tomography Reports Using Natural Language Processing
Ananda-Rajah, Michelle R.; Martinez, David; Slavin, Monica A.; Cavedon, Lawrence; Dooley, Michael; Cheng, Allen; Thursky, Karin A.
Purpose Prospective surveillance of invasive mold diseases (IMDs) in haematology patients should be standard of care but is hampered by the absence of a reliable laboratory prompt and the difficulty of manual surveillance. We used a high throughput technology, natural language processing (NLP), to develop a classifier based on machine learning techniques to screen computed tomography (CT) reports supportive for IMDs. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of CT reports from the clinical encounter and up to 12-weeks after, from a random subset of 79 of 270 case patients with 33 probable/proven IMDs by international definitions, and 68 of 257 uninfected-control patients identified from 3 tertiary haematology centres. The classifier was trained and tested on a reference standard of 449 physician annotated reports including a development subset (n?=?366), from a total of 1880 reports, using 10-fold cross validation, comparing binary and probabilistic predictions to the reference standard to generate sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver-operating-curve (ROC). Results For the development subset, sensitivity/specificity was 91% (95%CI 86% to 94%)/79% (95%CI 71% to 84%) and ROC area was 0.92 (95%CI 89% to 94%). Of 25 (5.6%) missed notifications, only 4 (0.9%) reports were regarded as clinically significant. Conclusion CT reports are a readily available and timely resource that may be exploited by NLP to facilitate continuous prospective IMD surveillance with translational benefits beyond surveillance alone. PMID:25250675
Effect of feeding cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks.
Akapo, Abiola Olajetemi; Oso, Abimbola Oladele; Bamgbose, Adeyemi Mustapha; Sanwo, Kehinde A; Jegede, Adebayo Vincent; Sobayo, Richard Abayomi; Idowu, Olusegun Mark; Fan, Juexin; Li, Lili; Olorunsola, Rotimi A
The effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. There were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2?×?2?+?1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). Each treatment was replicated six times with ten birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Control-fed birds had the highest overall (P?0.01) final liveweight and weight gain, least (P?0.05) hydrocyanide (HCN) intake and best (P?0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. Chicks fed with control and diet containing 100 g/kg peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) had the least (P?0.05) feed cost per weight gain. Chicks fed with diet containing 100 g/kg cassava root meal had higher (P?0.05) final liveweight and weight gain and reduced (P?0.05) HCN intake than chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg cassava root meal. Dietary inclusion of peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) for broiler chicks resulted in increased final liveweight (P?0.05), weight gain (P?0.01) and feed intake (P?0.01) when compared with birds fed with diet containing unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM). The least (P?0.01) final liveweight and weight gain and worst (P?0.05) feed-to-gain ratio were obtained with chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM. Increased dietary inclusion levels of cassava root resulted in significant increase (P?0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count, heterophil count and serum thiocyanate concentration. In comparison with chicks fed with diet containing UCRM, dietary inclusion of PCRM resulted in increased (P?0.05) red blood cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduced (P?0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count and serum thiocyanate concentration. Although inclusion of 100 g/kg PCRM showed some economic sense, dietary inclusion of either peeled or unpeeled cassava root poses a threat on growth and health status of broiler chicks. PMID:24913764
Clarenbach, Ricarda E; Mey, Ulrich
The introduction of monoclonal antibodies has been a milestone in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms. The CD20 antibody rituximab has been a trailblazer and represents meanwhile a fixed combination partner of different first- and second-line chemotherapies in CD20-positive B-cell-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab maintenance is established in follicular lymphoma. The drug is also used for the treatment of non-malignant hematologic diseases (i.e. immunthrombocytopenia). Rituximab was followed by the CD52 antibody alemtuzumab and recently by the CD20 antibody ofatumumab for the therapy of CLL and the radioimmunconjugate ibritumomab-tiuxetan indicated for the treatment of refractory or relapsed CD20-positive follicular lymphoma or as consolidation after induction chemotherapy. In the near future, approval of several new antibodies is expected. For the treatment of refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the CD30 antibody brentuximab vedotin has been shown to be a highly active new treatment option. PMID:22045523
Rise of the mutants: report from the 19th conference of the European Haematology Association, Milan, 12–15 June 2014
Mazzarella, Luca
At the 19th conference of the European Haematology Association in Milan, we saw the true and dramatic changes brought about by the integration of extensive genomic information in clinical practice, and the dilemmas that accompany such a rapid increase in knowledge. Each disease is sliced more and more into smaller pieces, each with its own better-determined outcome and treatment. We also observed the rise of mutant-specific epigenetic agents, which benefit from knowing the underlying genetic abnormality to specifically assign an epigenetic drug where it is needed. In contrast to the 'one mutation, one drug' approach, others are pursuing the search for drugs targeting pathways fundamental for the survival of all or most cancer cells, sometimes looking at more 'exotic' pathways like neddylation or nuclear export. PMID:25183998
Epidemiology of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias in individuals referred to the haematology research centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from 2006 to 2011.
Haghpanah, Sezaneh; Ramzi, Mani; Zakerinia, Maryam; Nourani Khojasteh, Habib; Haghshenas, Mansour; Rezaei, Narges; Moayed, Vida; Rezaei, Alireza; Karimi, Mehran
Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias are the most frequent genetic hereditary disorders with an increasing global health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to determine the epidemiologic pattern of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias in individuals referred to the Haematology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, which is the most important referral center in Southern Iran during 2006 to 2011. The most frequent abnormality was ?-thalassemia (?-thal) minor (24.0%), followed by ?-thalassemia (?-thal) trait (10.0%), hemoglobin (Hb) S trait (4.0%) and Hb D-Punjab trait (4.0%). Because this center is a referral center, we detected a higher prevalence compared to the normal population; however, these data could help policymakers and health service providers to better programming for prevention of births affected with Hb disorders. PMID:24941048
Association of interferon regulatory factor 4 gene polymorphisms rs12203592 and rs872071 with skin cancer and haematological malignancies susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 19 case–control studies
Background Research has indicated that the rs12203592 and rs872071 interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) gene polymorphisms correlate with the risk of cancer, especially skin cancer and haematological malignancies, but the results remain controversial. To understand better the effects of these two polymorphisms on skin cancer and haematological malignancies susceptibility, a cumulative meta-analysis was performed. Methods We conducted a search using the PubMed and Web of Science databases for relevant case-control studies published before April 2014. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed- or random-effects models where appropriate. Heterogeneity test, publication bias test, and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results In total, 11 articles comprised of 19 case–control studies were identified; five focused on the rs12203592 polymorphism with 7,992 cases and 8,849 controls, and six were on the rs872071 polymorphism with 3108 cases and 8300 controls. As for rs12203592, a significant correlation with overall skin cancer and haematological malignancies risk was found with the homozygote comparison model (OR?=?1.566, 95% CI 1.087-2.256) and recessive model (OR?=?1.526, 95% CI 1.107-2.104). For rs872071, a significantly elevated haematological malignancies risk was observed in all genetic models (homozygote comparison: OR?=?1.805, 95% CI 1.402-2.323; heterozygote comparison: OR?=?1.427, 95% CI 1.203-1.692; dominant: OR?=?1.556, 95% CI 1.281-1.891; recessive: OR?=?1.432, 95% CI 1.293-1.587; additive: OR?=?1.349, 95% CI 1.201-1.515). Similarly, increased skin cancer and haematological malignancies risk was also identified after stratification of the SNP data by cancer type, ethnicity and source of controls for both polymorphisms. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicated that the rs12203592 and rs872071 IRF4 gene polymorphisms are associated with individual susceptibility to skin cancer and haematological malignancies. Moreover, the effect of the rs12203592 polymorphism on skin cancer risk was particularly prominent among Caucasians. Further functional research should be performed to validate the association. PMID:24906573
A study of haematological and bone marrow changes in symptomatic patients with human immune deficiency virus infection with special mention of functional iron deficiency, anaemia of critically ill and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Kotwal, Jyoti; Singh, Vikram; Kotwal, Anupam; Dutta, Vibha; Nair, Velu
Background Haematological abnormalities are among the most common complications of HIV. These involve all lineages of blood cells. Bone marrow studies form integral part of complete workup of the HIV positive patients specially when they present as case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), refractory anaemia and pancytopenia. Method 55 HIV infected symptomatic patient requiring bone marrow examination were included in the study. Relevant clinical history, baseline haematological investigations including full blood count, CD4 cell counts using flow cytometry were recorded. Results Median ANC values in males were found to be significantly lower than females (p = 0.046). CD4 cell count statistically significantly correlated with age, TLC, ANC & platelet count. Anaemia was present in 45 patients and out of which 66.66% patients had normocytic normochromic anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia was present in (37.77%) patients and anaemia of chronic disease in (62.22%) patients. 2 patients had anaemia of the critically ill. Two patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and showed lymphoma deposit in the bone marrow. Gelatinous degeneration was seen in 3 patients. Ill formed epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in 7 cases, and 2 cases were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Haemophagocytosis was seen in 8 cases; two cases later diagnosed as a case of infection induced HLH. Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies seen in 2 cases. Conclusions Bone marrow study is an important investigation in HIV infected symptomatic patients with peripheral haematological abnormalities. PMID:24600136
Drug- not carrier-dependent haematological and biochemical changes in a repeated dose study of cyclosporine encapsulated polyester nano- and micro-particles: Size does not matter.
Venkatpurwar, V P; Rhodes, S; Oien, K A; Elliott, M A; Tekwe, C D; Jřrgensen, H G; Kumar, M N V Ravi
Biodegradable nanoparticles are being considered more often as drug carriers to address pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic issues, yet nano-product safety has not been systematically proven. In this study, haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were examined on 28 day daily dosing of rats with nano- or micro-particle encapsulated cyclosporine (CsA) to confirm if any changes observed were drug or carrier dependent. CsA encapsulated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) [PLGA] nano- (nCsA) and micro-particles (mCsA) were prepared by emulsion techniques. CsA (15, 30, 45mg/kg) were administered by oral gavage to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats over 28 days. Haematological and biochemical metrics were followed with tissue histology performed on sacrifice. Whether presented as nCsA or mCsA, 45mg/kg dose caused significant loss of body weight and lowered food consumption compared to untreated control. Across the doses, both nCsA and mCsA produce significant decreases in lymphocyte numbers compared to controls, commensurate with the proprietary product, Neoral(®) 15. Dosing with nCsA showed higher serum drug levels than mCsA presumably owing to the smaller particle size facilitating absorption. The treatment had no noticeable effects on inflammatory/oxidative stress markers or antioxidant enzyme levels, except an increase in ceruloplasmin (CP) levels for high dose nCsA/mCsA group. Further, only subtle, sub-lethal changes were observed in histology of nCsA/mCsA treated rat organs. Blank (drug-free) particles did not induce changes in the parameters studied. Therefore, it is extremely important that the encapsulated drug in the nano-products is considered when safety of the overall product is assessed rather than relying on just the particle size. This study has addressed some concerns surrounding particulate drug delivery, demonstrating safe delivery of CsA whilst achieving augmented serum concentrations. PMID:25637670
Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon
Background Contemporary data on the immunologic, haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and improve on the management of HIV infections. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and June 2012. A total of 951 participants aged 18–74 years were recruited from selected approved HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest regions. This comprised 247 males and 704 females. Demographic, self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Full blood and CD4?+?T-cell counts were done using standard automated techniques. Determination of viral load (VL) was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1?m2000™ system. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. The statistical significance level was P?0.05. Results The median duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 24 months. The population mean CD4?+?T-cell count was 255.3 cells/?L [95% CI, 236.8 – 273.9]. Overall, 45.9%, 43.8% and 10.2% of the participants had CD4?+?T-cell counts of?200 cells/?L, 200–499 cells/?L and?>?500 cells/?L respectively. Anaemia was present in 26.2% of the participants with 62.3%, 25.7% and 12% described as mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively. Virologic failure occurred in 23.2% of the participants with 12.3% having VL?>?10,000 RNA copies/mL. Meanwhile 76.8% of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8% having undetectable viral load. The age group 18–29 years (p?=?0.024), co-infection with tuberculosis (p?=?0.014), anaemia (p?=?0.028) and distance from the treatment centre (p?=?0.011) independently predicted virologic failure. Conclusion The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after???6 months of ART. Despite these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes, the National AIDS Control Program should step-up efforts to improve on antiretroviral drug distribution, as well as proper assessment and management of anaemia, foster early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and enhance treatment adherence counselling especially in younger patients. PMID:24479873
The effect of the combination of acids and tannin in diet on the performance and selected biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme parameters in grower pigs
Background The abolition of in-feed antibiotics or chemotherapeutics as growth promoters have stimulated the swine industry to look for alternatives such as organic acids, botanicals, probiotics and tannin. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of a combination of acids and tannin with diet with organic acids and diet without growth promoters on the growth performance and selected biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme parameters in grower pigs. Tannin is more natural and cheaper but possibly with the same effectiveness as organic acids with regard to growth performance. Methods Thirty-six 7 week old grower pigs, divided into three equal groups, were used in a three week feeding trial. Group I was fed basal diet, group II basal diet with added organic acids and group III basal diet with added organic and inorganic acids and tannin. Pigs were weighed before and after feeding and observed daily. Blood was collected before and after the feeding trial for the determination of selected biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme parameters. One-way ANOVA was used to assess any diet related changes of all the parameters. Paired t-test was used to evaluate changes of blood parameters individually in each group of growers before and after feeding. Results No clinical health problems related to diet were noted during the three week feeding trial. The average daily gain (ADG) and selected blood parameters were not affected by the addition to basal diet of either acids and tannin or of organic acids alone. Selected blood parameters remained within the reference range before and after the feeding trial, with the exception of total serum proteins that were below the lower value of reference range at both times. The significant changes (paired t-test) observed in individual groups before and after the feeding trial are related to the growth of pigs. Conclusion Diet with acids and tannin did not improve the growth performance of grower pigs but had no deleterious effects on selected blood parameters. The possibility of beneficial effects of adding acids and tannin in diets on growth performance over a longer period, however, could not be excluded. PMID:20205921
Measurement of CD4+ T cells in point-of-care settings with the Sysmex pocH-100i haematological analyser
The decision to provide antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive patients mainly depends on the CD4+ T-cell count, with therapy indicated at a cut-off value of <350–200 CD4+ T cells/?l blood. Monitoring patients is still a major problem in countries with limited resources where blood samples often have to be transported over long distances to regional referral centres in which the count can be performed on flow cytometers. We have evaluated a newly developed simple and inexpensive method for CD4+ T-cell quantification. It is a variation of the Invitrogen T4 Quant kit, with manual isolation of nuclei from CD4+ T cells and subsequent counting on the small haematology analyser pocH-100i, Sysmex. We have demonstrated that this new method is highly reproducible and gives stable and linear results over a wide range of CD4+ T-cell concentrations. Method comparison to two different flow cytometers showed excellent correlation with concordances of about 93%. Overall, this method is rapid, easy to perform and offers a good reliable alternative to measurement by flow cytometry. The pocH-100i has the additional benefit of providing a complete blood count with a three-part white blood cell differential and software for patient data storage and handling. PMID:18177434
Information for decision makers at hospital laboratory level: an example of a graphical method of representing costs and effects for a replacement automated technology in a haematology laboratory.
Szczepura, A K; Stilwell, J A
The costs and effects on patient management following the introduction of a fully automated blood count analyser have been evaluated for a hospital haematology laboratory in England, during 1985. In the case of the relatively high throughput observed in the laboratory studied, the automated technology was judged to be cheaper if considering laboratory-centred costs alone. But this was no longer necessarily the case once wider costs, including extra medical workload generated for hospital and community physicians, were included. Effects on patient management were measured for all types of patient, including hospital in-patients, out-patients and general practice patients. A graphical method allowing comparison of the costs and effects of the replacement automated system, termed a Technology MAP (Management Awareness Profile) is presented in the paper. MAPs provide a flexible information display which can be tailored to an individual laboratory's situation producing an overall picture of expected costs and effects on patient management following the introduction of a new technology--a full value-in-use assessment. The authors argue that there is a need for a central source of such value-in-use assessments, especially for new medium-priced diagnostic technologies which are likely to become widely spread in Britain. PMID:3128877
Antiviral prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours: Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Oncology (DGHO).
Sandherr, M; Einsele, H; Hebart, H; Kahl, C; Kern, W; Kiehl, M; Massenkeil, G; Penack, O; Schiel, X; Schuettrumpf, S; Ullmann, A J; Cornely, O A
Morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies are increased by viral infections. These mostly are reactivations of asymptomatic latent infections. They primarily concern clinical entities associated with the reactivation of herpes viruses, such as varicella zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Respiratory tract infections caused by influenza, parainfluenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are less common. Since reactivation of latent infections has major clinical impact, antiviral prophylaxis is an attractive approach for patients expecting immunosuppression. The main risk factor for clinically relevant reactivation is profound disruption of cellular immune response. Duration and severity of chemotherapy induced neutropenia are of lesser importance. The risk of viral complications rises significantly in the presence of sustained suppression of T-cell function, e.g. in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants or of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) antibody therapy. The objective of this guideline is to review the basis of prophylactic strategies and to provide recommendations for clinicians treating patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumors. PMID:16410361
Survival of children with cancer in Italy, 1989-98. A report from the hospital based registry of the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (AIEOP).
Pession, Andrea; Dama, Elisa; Rondelli, Roberto; Magnani, Corrado; De Rosa, Marisa; Locatelli, Franco; Fagioli, Franca; Haupt, Riccardo; Jankovic, Momcilo; Terracini, Benedetto; Merletti, Franco; Pastore, Guido
We describe the survival patterns of 10,791 Italian children (age 0-14) diagnosed with cancer during 1989-1998 and who were included in the hospital-based registry of the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. Five-year cumulative survival percentages were 76% for lymphoproliferative disorders and 68% for solid tumours. Survival rates in 1994-1998 significantly improved for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and Wilms' tumour. Gender and age were determinants of survival for some specific types of cancer. Girls with ALL and neuroblastoma exhibited a significant advantage (hazard ratio HR 0.72, 0.62-0.83) and disadvantage (HR 0.73, 0.59-0.90) over boys, respectively. Children with a Wilms' tumour diagnosed above age 3 had a worse prognosis than younger children (HR 2.3, 1.4-4.1). The persisting gender-related difference in survival rate for ALL requires understanding as to whether it is attributable to delays in the adoption of more recent therapeutic protocols, while the corresponding findings for Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma deserve further biological interpretation. PMID:18430564
Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes.
Citarasu, Thavasimuthu; Sivaram, Veeramani; Immanuel, Grasian; Rout, Namita; Murugan, Vadivel
Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture. PMID:16698283
Homozygous PMS2 germline mutations in two families with early-onset haematological malignancy, brain tumours, HNPCC-associated tumours, and signs of neurofibromatosis type 1.
Krüger, Stefan; Kinzel, Miriam; Walldorf, Constanze; Gottschling, Sven; Bier, Andrea; Tinschert, Sigrid; von Stackelberg, Arend; Henn, Wolfram; Görgens, Heike; Boue, Stephanie; Kölble, Konrad; Büttner, Reinhard; Schackert, Hans K
Heterozygous germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 cause Lynch syndrome. New studies have indicated that biallelic mutations lead to a distinctive syndrome, childhood cancer syndrome (CCS), with haematological malignancies and tumours of brain and bowel early in childhood, often associated with signs of neurofibromatosis type 1. We provide further evidence for CCS reporting on six children from two consanguineous families carrying homozygous PMS2 germline mutations. In family 1, all four children had the homozygous p.I590Xfs mutation. Two had a glioblastoma at the age of 6 years and one of them had three additional Lynch-syndrome associated tumours at 15. Another sibling suffered from a glioblastoma at age 9, and the fourth sibling had infantile myofibromatosis at 1. In family 2, two of four siblings were homozygous for the p.G271V mutation. One had two colorectal cancers diagnosed at ages 13 and 14, the other had a Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a colorectal cancer at ages 10 and 11, respectively. All children with malignancies had multiple café-au-lait spots. After reviewing published cases of biallelic MMR gene mutations, we provide a concise description of CCS, revealing similarities in age distribution with carriers of heterozygous MMR gene mutations. PMID:17851451
Comparative effects of using black seed (Nigella sativa), cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum), probiotic or prebiotic on growth performance, blood haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicks.
Alimohamadi, K; Taherpour, K; Ghasemi, H A; Fatahnia, F
A 42-day trial was conducted to compare the effects of the following seven experimental diets, which varied in black seed, cumin seed, probiotic or prebiotic concentrations, on the broiler chicks: control (no additives), diet BS1 (4 g/kg black seed), diet BS2 (8 g/kg black seed), diet CS1 (4 g/kg cumin seed), diet CS2 (8 g/kg cumin seed), diet Pro (1 g/kg probiotic Primalac(®)) and diet Pre (2 g/kg prebiotic Fermacto(®)). A total of 420 1-day-old male broiler chicks, initially weighing an average of 43 g, were distributed into 28 floor pens at a stocking density of 15 birds per pen. At 28 day of age, the body weight in the birds fed diets BS2, CS2 and Pro was significantly higher than in the control group, but final body weight was not affected. Additionally, the birds fed diets BS2, Pro and Pre exhibited better feed conversion ratio than control birds from 0 to 42 day of age. Diets BS2, CS2 and Pro also statistically increased the relative weight of thymus and bursa of Fabricius, whereas only diet Pro decreased the abdominal fat percentage compared with control diet. Regarding the haematological parameters, feeding diet BS2 yielded a significant increase in red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit percentage compared with control diet. Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the birds fed diets BS2, Pro and Pre were also significantly lower than in the birds fed the control diet. Without exception, no diets affected feed intake, internal organs weights, carcass characteristics, antibody titres against Newcastle and influenza viruses and leucocyte subsets. In general, current study showed promising results regarding the use of spice additives as growth and health promoters, especially at higher levels of their incorporation in the diets, which were comparable to the probiotic- or prebiotic-containing diets. PMID:23909469
Variable presence of KITD816V in clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage diseases associated with systemic mastocytosis (SM-AHNMD).
Sotlar, Karl; Colak, Sema; Bache, Anja; Berezowska, Sabina; Krokowski, Manuela; Bültmann, Burkhard; Valent, Peter; Horny, Hans-Peter
In a substantial number of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM), an associated clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage disease (AHNMD) is detectable. Although most of these patients display KIT mutations, especially KIT(D816V), little is known about their exact frequency and their distribution in AHNMD subtypes. We examined 48 patients with SM-AHNMD for the presence of mutant KIT in the SM and AHNMD components of the disease. Mast cells and AHNMD cells were obtained from immunostained bone marrow sections by laser microdissection and examined by melting point analysis of nested-PCR products. KIT(D816V) was found in AHNMD cells in the vast majority of patients with SM-chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML, 89%). Unexpectedly, KIT(D816V) was far less frequently detectable in AHNMD cells in patients with SM-myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN, 20%) and SM-acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, 30%). None of the patients with lymphoproliferative AHNMDs displayed KIT codon 816 mutations in AHNMD cells (0/8). In FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukaemia (CEL), neither the SM nor the CEL component of the disease exhibited the KIT mutation. Our findings demonstrate that KIT codon 816 mutations are variably present in AHNMD cells in patients with SM-AHNMD, depending on the subtype of AHNMD. The high frequency of KIT(D816V) in neoplastic mast cells and leukaemic myelomonocytic cells in SM-CMML may point to a common precursor in these patients, and may have implications for the biology of the disease and the development of KIT-targeting therapies. PMID:20112369
Looking for prognosticators in ovine anaplasmosis: discriminant analysis of clinical and haematological parameters in lambs belonging to differently susceptible breeds experimentally infected with Anaplasma ovis
Background A study was carried out to evaluate the response of different native sheep breeds to experimental infection with Anaplasma ovis, the most prevalent sheep tick-borne pathogen in Apulia (Southern Italy). Thirty-four lambs belonging to a Northern European breed (Suffolk) and two Southern Italian breeds (Comisana and Altamurana) were infected. Eleven clinical as well as haematological parameters were monitored at different temporal resolutions on the same subjects before and after the infection, resulting in a data set of 435 observations. The present work, aiming to further the research, presents the results of a multivariate analysis carried out to identify which parameters out of the eleven considered are the most reliable parameters to be considered as markers of the disease phenotype as well as prognosticators of practical clinical importance. Results Data were analysed by discriminant analysis. Out of the eleven considered variables (red blood cells, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin content, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, leukocytes, platelets, rectal temperature), only seven were included in the step-wise model since significantly increasing the Mahlanobis distance between the two closest groups. Both discriminant functions resulted to be highly significant (P?0.0001) and the percentage of variation accounted for by the first discriminant function was 63.6% of the variance in the grouping variable. Conclusions Taken together, the observed results stress the marked differentiation among the three breeds in terms of physio-pathological phenotypes indicating packed cell volume and red blood cell count as the most informative parameters in the routine clinical practice for A. ovis infection in sheep. PMID:24053615
The effects of inulin supplementation of diets with or without hydrolysed protein sources on digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and immunoglobulins in dogs.
Verlinden, A; Hesta, M; Hermans, J M; Janssens, G P J
Dogs with food allergy are often treated by giving a diet with hydrolysed protein sources. Prebiotics might also be successful in prevention and treatment of allergic disease through their effect on the colonic microflora, analogous to studies on probiotics in allergic children. The present study was set up to investigate the effect of supplementing inulin (IN) to commercial hypoallergenic dog diets on apparent nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and Ig in dogs. Supplementation of 3 % IN did not affect faecal pH, food and water intake and urine production. Compared with the intact protein diet with a limited number of ingredients (L), the diet with a hydrolysed protein source (H) resulted in an increased water intake (P<0.001), which could be due to the osmotic effect of free amino acids. Faeces production was increased by IN due to increased faecal moisture content. Increased faeces production on the H diet was mainly due to a higher DM excretion. Subsequently, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of DM was lower in the H diet group. A similar result was noted for ADC of diethyl ether extract and crude ash. The ADC of crude protein was higher in the H diet group, whereas IN decreased the ADC of crude protein. Differences in the ADC of crude protein among the different diets disappeared after correction for a higher faecal biomass, except for the dogs fed the L+IN diet. Total faecal IgA concentrations were lower in the H group (P<0.05) because of lower antigenic stimulation of hydrolysed protein, which implies that hydrolysed protein is really hypoallergenic. The present study indicates that the use of hydrolysed protein diets for canine food allergy treatment can affect digestibility and that combination with IN affected apparent protein digestibility but not IgA response. PMID:17092385
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on haematological parameters, immune function and the antioxidant defence system in breeder hens fed aflatoxin contaminated diets.
Matur, E; Ergul, E; Akyazi, I; Eraslan, E; Inal, G; Bilgic, S; Demircan, H
The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (SC) on haematological parameters, immune function, and the antioxidant defence system in breeder hens fed a diet contaminated with low level aflatoxin (AF). Forty-eight Ross 308 breeder hens were fed on diets containing AF (0 or 100?µg/kg) and SC (0 or 1?g/kg) in a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, differential leucocyte counts, blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD5+ T cell ratios, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils, plasma and liver catalase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ascorbic acid concentrations were measured. 3. Plasma and liver MDA concentrations increased (P?0·05), liver catalase activity decreased (P?0·05) and total WBC count tended to decrease (P?=?0·082) in hens fed the contaminated diet. WBC count, monocyte percentage, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils increased (P?0·05), and plasma MDA concentration tended to decrease (P?=?0.088) in SC extract supplemented hens. There was a significant interaction between AF and SC on heterophil, lymphocyte, CD5+ cell percentages, and plasma catalase activity. Blood heterophil percentage decreased but lymphocyte percentage increased in hens fed on the AF contaminated diet without SC supplementation. SC supplementation counteracted the negative effect of AF on heterophils and lymphocytes. The CD5+ cell percentage decreased in unsupplemented hens fed the AF contaminated diet and this negative effect was minimised in SC supplemented hens. Plasma catalase activity increased in SC supplemented hens fed the uncontaminated diet whereas the effect of SC decreased in hens fed the AF contaminated diet. 4. The SC reduced some of the some adverse effects of AF, and improved functions of the non-specific immune system. Therefore, the SC extract which has been used for improving productive performance in birds and mammals may also be useful for modulating some of the effects of a low level, chronic dosage of AF. PMID:22029780
BiOsimilaRs in the management of anaemia secondary to chemotherapy in HaEmatology and Oncology: results of the ORHEO observational study
Background The approval of epoetin biosimilars in the European Union requires extensive scientific evaluation and stringent regulatory procedures, including post-marketing studies. The ORHEO (place of biOsimilaRs in the therapeutic management of anaemia secondary to chemotherapy in HaEmatology and Oncology) study was an observational, longitudinal, multicentre study performed in France to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biosimilar epoetins for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) in the clinical setting. Methods Patients >18 years with CIA (haemoglobin [Hb] <11 g/dL) in association with solid tumours, lymphoma or myeloma and eligible for treatment with an epoetin biosimilar were included in this study. Patient characteristics were recorded at baseline along with anaemia-related information, such as observed and target Hb (as chosen by the treating clinician), brand and dose of epoetin biosimilar prescribed, and details of any other treatments. Patients were then followed-up at 3 and 6 months. The primary endpoint was Hb response (defined as Hb reaching ?10 g/dL, an increase of Hb ?1 g/dL since inclusion visit or reaching physician-defined target Hb, with no blood transfusions in the 3 weeks prior to measurement). Other endpoints included adverse events, achievement of target Hb and associated treatments. Results Overall, 2333 patients >18 years (mean age 66.5 years) with CIA (haemoglobin [Hb] <11 g/dL) in association with solid tumours, lymphoma or myeloma and eligible for biosimilar epoetin treatment were included. 99.9% of patients received epoetin zeta (median dose 30,000 IU/week). Mean baseline Hb was 9.61 g/dL, with 35.6% of patients having moderate anaemia (Hb 8–9.5 g/dL). Hb response was achieved in 81.6% and 86.5% of patients at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Overall mean change in Hb level was 1.52?±?1.61 and 1.72?±?1.61 g/dL at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Transfusion and thromboembolic event rates were 9.4% and 2.4% at 3 months, and 5.8% and 1.5% at 6 months, respectively. Conclusions Epoetin zeta was effective and well tolerated in the management of CIA in patients with solid tumours, lymphoma and myeloma. Trial registration Trial registration number: NCT02140736 (date of registration: 14 May 2014). PMID:25011615
Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unrelated cord blood transplantation in children with haematological malignancies: a retrospective study using the Spanish Working Party for BMT in Children (GETMON) database.
Díaz de Heredia, C; González, M; Verdeguer, A; Elorza, I; Rodriguez, A; Martinez, A; Pérez, J M; Badell, I; Gonzalez, M E; Olivé, T; Fernández, J M; Maldonado, M S; Díaz, M A; Sánchez de Toledo, J
Outcomes of unrelated cord blood transplants (UCBT) were assessed in 172 consecutive children, median age 5 years (range: 0.5-18), with haematological malignancies treated at nine Spanish hospitals between February 1996 and April 2009. Data were collected from the Spanish Working Party for Blood and Marrow Transplantation in Children (GETMON) database. ALL was diagnosed in 125 patients, AML in 43 and myelodysplastic syndrome in 4. Myeloid engraftment (ANC?0.5 × 10(9)/L) occurred in 87.2% at a median of 22 days and was associated with the total nucleated cell (TNC) dose infused and use of a TT-containing conditioning regimen. Cumulative incidence of relapse was 20% at 1 year post transplant and 29% at 3 years, being higher in patients with a diagnosis of ALL, very high risk disease and GVHD grades 0-1. Cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 19% at 100 days post transplant and 39% at 1 year. BU-FLU-TT-ATG-conditioned patients had lower NRM. Disease-free survival (DFS) was 40% at 2 years post transplant (for patients transplanted since 2006). On multivariate analysis, TNC dose infused, AML and BU-FLU-TT-ATG-conditioning regimen increased the probability of DFS. It is of paramount importance to select cord blood units with the highest cell dose. As the BU-FLU-TT-ATG-conditioning regimen was associated with better DFS owing to lower NRM, further prospective studies testing this regimen are warranted. PMID:24614843
Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 1. Effects on growth and slaughter performance, haematological and serum traits.
Pozzo, L; Salamano, G; Mellia, E; Gennero, M S; Doglione, L; Cavallarin, L; Tarantola, M; Forneris, G; Schiavone, A
The European Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC, suggests that the maximum level of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feeds should be set at 0.1 mg OTA/kg. Thirty-six one-day-old male Hubburd broiler chickens were divided into two groups, a Control (basal diet) and an Ochratoxin A (basal diet + 0.1 mg OTA/kg) group. The growth and slaughter performance traits were recorded. The liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weights were measured. The erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers were assayed in blood samples, and the heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L) ratio was determined. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), lysozyme, the total protein and the electrophoretic pattern were evaluated in serum samples. Liver enzymes (alanino aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and kidney function parameters (uric acid and creatinine) were quantified. The results revealed that feeding a 0.1 mg OTA/kg contaminated diet to chicks caused a decrease in the absolute thymus weight (p < 0.05) and a lower total protein (p < 0.01), albumin (p < 0.01), alpha (p < 0.05), beta (p = 0.001) and gamma (p = 0.001) globulins serum concentration in the Ochratoxin A group. Moreover, the albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio of the OTA-treated animals resulted to be higher (p < 0.05). Feeding broiler chickens, a diet contaminated with the maximum level admitted by the European Commission Recommendation (0.1 mg OTA/kg), did not affect the animal performance, slaughter traits, organ weights, haematological parameters, liver enzyme or renal function parameters concentrations but had an overall immunosuppressant effect, with reduction in the thymus weight and of the total serum protein, albumin, alpha, beta and gamma globulins concentration. PMID:23639013
Review of the problems involved in using enzymes in blood group serology--provision of freeze-dried ICSH/ISBT protease enzyme and anti-D reference standards. International Council for Standardization in Haematology. International Society of Blood Transfusion.
Scott, M L; Voak, D; Phillips, P K; Hoppe, P A; Kochman, S A
Proteolytic enzyme preparations and techniques used routinely in blood group serology for the detection of atypical patient antibodies prior to transfusion vary widely and are often poorly standardised. Recent advances have been made in the use of biochemical methods to standardise and stabilise the potency of the enzyme preparations used. A joint working party of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) and the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) has investigated possibilities for the provision of standards for the protease preparations and techniques. The specification for these standards was that the performance of enzyme reference preparation in the reference technique should be of equivalent sensitivity to the ICSH/ISBT LISS spin indirect antiglobulin test using a titration series of a reference weak anti-D, and be free from false-positive reactions. The working party circulated materials for evaluation in inter-laboratory trials, followed by a laboratory workshop meeting to achieve agreement on the specification for reference materials and methods. Reference freeze-dried papain at 0.6 azoalbumin units and weak anti-D preparations (91/562) have been prepared and validated to meet these specifications. The performance of a test enzyme preparation in the technique for which it is recommended for use should be at least equal to that of the reference papain preparation, by the reference two-stage technique in terms of sensitivity, using a titration series of the reference anti-D, and freedom from false-positive reactions, using six fresh inert sera. The reference papain and weak anti-D can also be used to calibrate the level of proteolytic activity required in other procedures in blood group serology, such as new technology methods for antibody detection, and automated and microplate cell grouping procedures. These preparations and an agreed method for their use are now available from listed centres as ICSH/ISBT and Food and Drug Administration reference materials. PMID:7975466
Clinical use of rituximab in haematological malignancies
I Avivi; S Robinson; A Goldstone
Rituximab is a chimeric human\\/mouse monoclonal antibody that is approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and in combination with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy as first-line therapy for diffuse large B-cell NHL, where it has shown the first survival advantage over CHOP alone in more than 20 years. Strategies to help define the optimal
Pediatric lupus: varied haematological picture and presentation.
Thakur, Neha; Chandra, Jagdish; Dhingra, Bhavna; Singh, V
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disease characterized by periods of increased disease activity caused by inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissue. Pediatric patients with SLE have a more severe clinical course when compared with adults. Patients commonly present with rash, fever, and arthritis, although the presentation may be unpredictable. Hematological findings are more predominant in children than adults. Thirty-nine percent of children with SLE will develop hematological abnormalities, one of the American Rheumatic Association criteria for classifying the disease. In our case series we found varied hematological picture and presentation. We present here four case reports of SLE cases with interesting hematological features. Our first case is a 13 month old female child who was initially diagnosed as Evans syndrome and 2 years later diagnosed as SLE. Second case is a 3 year old male child who had SLE with warm antibody AIHA. Third case is a 6 year old female child who presented with AIHA and was diagnosed with SLE 6 years later. Fourth case is a 6 year old female child diagnosed as SLE with aplastic anemia. Hematological findings should be carefully assessed and treated in order to decrease disease related morbidity. PMID:25548448
Haematological and platelet effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321)
S. Cottrell; C. M. Andrews; D. Clayton; B. J. Wild; C. J. Powell
Inclusion of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diet of rats, at a dose level of 3 g\\/kg\\/day for up to 14 or 21 days, caused modest, but persistent, increases in platelet count, microcytic red blood cell count and red blood cell glutathione (up to 144%, 280% and 197% of control values respectively). These changes were directly BHT-related but unrelated to
Haematological and plasma biochemical values for healthy Yucatan micropigs
G. RISPATI; M. Slaoui; D. WEBERl; P. Salemink; C. Berthoux; R. SHRIVASTAVAI
Summary Blood samples (n = 135) were collected from 36 male and 35 female 20 ± 4-week-old Yucatan micro pigs and were analysed for 19 haemato- logical and 18 plasma biochemical parameters at weeks 20, 24, 33, 46, 59, 71 and 80. For each parameter, the total number of analyses per sex, mean values, standard deviation, lowest and highest values,
Cutaneous mast cell tumor (Mastocytoma): Cyto- histopathological and haematological investigations
Cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most common skin tumours in dogs. Due to the prevalence of canine MCTs and the variable biologic behavior of this disease, accurate prognostication and a thorough understanding of MCT biology are critical for the treatment of this disease. A cytologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor with evidence of prior hemorrhage was made, and the masses were surgically removed. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspirates from the cutaneous mass from the axillary comprised many well-differentiated, highly granulated mast cells with moderate numbers of eosinophils. Nuclei were varied in size and shape with high nuclear'to'cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, marked atypical and mitotic figures. Microscopically, mass consisted of sheets of neoplastic round cells that formed nonencapsulated nodules in the dermis and infiltrated into the adjacent dermal collagen, and also there was diffuse subcutis invasion of round to pleomorphic tumor cells. Tumor cells had moderate to abundant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei with scattered chromatin, and mitotic figures. In this tumor, cytoplasmic granules showed atypical metachromasia. In addition, eosinophils were scattered among the mast cells at the periphery of the nodules. The presence of eosinophils and the observation, at high magnification, of cells with cytoplasmic metachromatic granules. Invasion of the deep subcutaneous fat or cutaneous muscles were a common feature of grade III tumour. Finally, a diagnosis of grade III cutaneous mast cell tumor was made. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) of this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4755249151157024. PMID:24444100
Haematological responses of acute nitrite exposure in walleye (Sander vitreus).
Madison, Barry N; Wang, Yuxiang S
Nitrite (NO2-) is a toxic intermediary of the bacterial oxidation of nitrogenous wastes (e.g. ammonia) in an aquatic environment. It becomes most lethal when oxygen becomes limited due to high fish densities or in the presence of high bacterial activity due to waste build-up-both situations commonly found in intensive aquaculture. To date however, little is known about how this toxin affects the physiology of walleye, an intended culture species, particularly in intensive re-circulating systems. This study aims to define threshold concentrations of nitrite that affect haemoglobin-oxygen affinity and carrying capacity in walleye. During in vivo tests, fish (N=20) were subjected to a medium effective concentration (EC50) of nitrite (0.9 mmol L(-1)) for 48 h while the effects of nitrite accumulation on blood properties were measured. The effects of oxygenation state on red blood cell (RBC) nitrite uptake and metHb formation was further investigated by in vitro tonometry. In vitro nitrite exposure to 3 mmol L(-1) resulted in a significantly higher methaemoglobin formation in 50% air saturated than 100% air saturated RBCs. Both cell water content and haematocrit decreased with time in 50% air saturated treatments, whereas total Hb remained constant, suggesting a reduction in RBC volume. Similar effects were observed during 48 h in vivo and in vitro nitrite exposure tests, indicating the reduction in RBC volume likely was not the result of a catecholamine response. Walleye were found to be tolerant to an accumulation of blood-NO2- levels similar to common carp, a highly Mean Cellular Volume (MCV) tolerant species, before succumbing to methaemoglobinemia. The elevated tolerance to nitrite of walleye is a beneficial characteristic for successful rearing in a culture setting, where reduced oxygen and elevated MCV levels are prevalent. The findings from this study may be used in developing guidelines for species-specific management of nitrogenous wastes in aquaculture. PMID:16806526
Experiences of living with incurable haematological malignancy: a research portfolio
Caldwell, Ellie M.
This thesis follows the research portfolio format and is carried out in part fulfilment of the academic component of the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Edinburgh. An abstract provides an overview ...
The haploidentical option for high-risk haematological malignancies
Franco Aversa; Yair Reisner; Massimo F. Martelli
Much progress has been made in the clinical, biological and technical aspects of the T-cell-depleted full-haplotype mismatched transplants for acute leukaemia. Our experience demonstrates that infusing a megadose of extensively T-cell-depleted haematopoietic peripheral blood stem cells after an immuno-myeloablative conditioning regimen in acute leukaemia patients ensures sustained engraftment with minimal GvHD without the need of any post-transplant immunosuppressive treatment.Since our
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as targets for treatment of haematological malignancies
Lerner, Adam; Epstein, Paul M.
The cAMP signalling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of haematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In parallel, general understanding of the biology of cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases) has advanced considerably, revealing the remarkable complexity of this enzyme system that regulates the amplitude, kinetics and location of intracellular cAMP-mediated signalling. The development of therapeutic inhibitors of specific PDE gene families has resulted in a growing appreciation of the potential therapeutic application of PDE inhibitors to the treatment of immune-mediated illnesses and haematopoietic malignancies. This review summarizes the expression and function of PDEs in normal haematopoietic cells and the evidence that family-specific inhibitors will be therapeutically useful in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. PMID:16336197
Effects of electroplating effluent on haematological parameters of Oreochromis mossambicus
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Navaraj, P. S.; Kumaraguru, A. K.
Fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus was exposed to Electroplating effluent with a view to check the hematological changes as a function of time and effluent concentration. Increase in time and concentration always produced a declining value of RBC, Hb, Ht and WBC. This level is statistically significant in most of the test concentrations and in the experimental duration. The calculated MCV, MCH and MCHC also exhibit the same trend in all the selected sub lethal concentrations of the effluent, which is also found to be time and dose dependent.
Campylobacter fetus sepsis in an immunocompetent patient with haematological complication
Nagy, Mathias Thomas; Hla, Sann Minn
Campylobacter fetus sepsis is rare, especially among young, immunocompetent patients. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis who was diagnosed with C fetus bacteraemia with endovascular manifestation. The patient was found to have a low vitamin K level and a high international normalised ratio, and developed deep vein thrombosis. The patient was fully recovered with oral antibiotic treatment, anticoagulation and supportive therapy. Clinicians should be aware that this type of infection, although extremely rare, can occur even in younger, healthy adults and immediate diagnosis and treatment are required to avert life-threatening complications. PMID:23536648
Haematological changes in the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus infected with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).
Muńoz-Antoli, C; Cortés, A; Torres, D; Esteban, J G; Toledo, R
To study possible indirect effects of the infection with intestinal helminths, 12 Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) were each experimentally exposed to 100 metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni, and blood samples were taken weekly up to 4 weeks post-exposure for comparison with control rats. Values of haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (HGB) and haematimatrix indices, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) were determined. In addition, leucocyte counts, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were analysed. These parameters, including the leucocyte counts, showed no significant differences, except for MCHC at 4 weeks post-exposure. The present results indicate that in rats infected with E. caproni, although eosinophilia did not significantly increase, a significant reduction in MCHC was associated with an increase in the number of RBC. PMID:24893315
Hepatic respiratory compensation and haematological changes in the cave cyprinid, Phreatichthys andruzzii
Giuliano Frangioni; Roberto Berti; Gianfranco Borgioli
In several ectotherms, including all members of the Osteichthyes studied so far, the spleen is capable of storing and releasing\\u000a erythrocytes according to the animal's respiratory needs. The tropical cave cyprinid Phreatichthys andruzzii uses its liver rather than the spleen as the site of accumulation in the respiratory compensation process, like the amphibian\\u000a Rana esculenta. The reversible process of erythrocyte
[Evaluation of an haematological analyser (Siemens Advia(®) 2120i) and improving quality of daily practice].
Melet, Laura; Chaigneau, Christine; Lefevre-Pettazzoni, Magali
A risk analysis, with method validation, and a study of the relevance of morphological alarms triggered by the automat have been made to the automat Advia(®) 2120i (Siemens). The analytical performance of the systems: repeatability, fidelity, contamination, linearity, correlation, the accuracy and approach to uncertainty, are compliant with the expected results (Ricos). Thanks to the retrospective study of morphological alarms triggered by the automat and based on the recommendations of the ISLH, a new attitude about blood smear was introduced. For platelets in citrate, a slight underestimation of the number compared to those collected in EDTA was observed probably need to redefine normal platelet values citrate. PMID:24342789
Second cancers and late mortality in Australian children treated by allogeneic HSCT for haematological malignancy.
Nelson, A S; Ashton, L J; Vajdic, C M; Le Marsney, R E; Daniels, B; Nivison-Smith, I; Wilcox, L; Dodds, A J; O'Brien, T A
We examined risk of second cancer and late mortality in a population-based Australian cohort of 717 pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients treated for a malignant disease during 1982-2007. Record linkage with population-based death and cancer registries identified 17 second cancers at a median of 7.9 years post HSCT; thyroid cancer being the most common malignancy (n=8). The cumulative incidence of second cancer was 8.7% at follow-up, and second cancers occurred 20 times more often than in the general population (standardised incidence ratio 20.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=12.6-32.7). Transplantation using radiation-based conditioning regimens was associated with increased second cancer risk. A total of 367 patients survived for at least 2 years post HSCT and of these 44 (12%) died at a median of 3.1 years after HSCT. Relapse was the most common cause of late mortality (n=32). The cumulative incidence of late mortality was 14.7%. The observed rate of late mortality was 36 times greater than in the matched general population (standardised mortality ratio 35.9, 95% CI=26.7-48.3). Recipients who relapsed or who had radiation-based conditioning regimens were at higher risk of late mortality. Second cancers and late mortality continue to be a risk for pediatric patients undergoing HSCT, and these results highlight the need for effective screening and survivorship programs. PMID:24962016
Automated analysis of bone marrow aspirates from dogs with haematological disorders.
Tan, E; Abrams-Ogg, A C G; Defarges, A; Bienzle, D
Automated analysis of bone marrow (BM) aspirates is a useful 'pre-microscopical' screen to identify hypocellular samples and those with potentially abnormal cells. In order to determine whether automated analysis could also be used to identify haemopoietic abnormalities, EDTA-anticoagulated BM aspirates from 43 dogs were analysed using the Advia 2120 instrument. Corresponding Wright-stained BM smears were evaluated microscopically to determine smear quality, cell composition and 500-cell differential counts, and correlation to automated analysis parameters was computed. Leucocyte cytograms generated by the automated analyzer were scrutinized and compared with those of 'normal' BM. Twenty-three neoplastic and 20 non-neoplastic samples were analysed, including samples from 10 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia, four cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia, four cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, one case of chronic neutrophilic leukaemia, three cases of multiple myeloma, one case of myelodysplastic syndrome, five cases of non-regenerative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia, one case of immune-mediated neutropenia, three cases of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, six cases of inflammatory disease, three samples with myelotoxicity and two samples analysed for staging of neoplasia. Automated white blood cell (WBC) counts correlated significantly with smear cellularity, particle cellularity and particle number. There was a significant difference in WBC counts of samples with insufficient versus sufficient particles. Significant correlations between Advia percent neutrophils and microscopical determination of marrow segmented neutrophils/neutrophilic granulocyte reserve, Advia percent lymphocytes and microscopical determination of lymphocytes/rubricytes, Advia percent large unstained cells and microscopical determination of myeloblasts/promyelocytes and between Advia percent eosinophils and manual determination of eosinophils were identified. This suggested that Advia WBC counts may be used to approximate BM sample quality and that Advia differential counts may predict marrow granulocyte reserve and lymphocyte/rubricyte stores. Distinct and consistent alterations in cytogram patterns were observed in cases of acute leukaemia, but were less obvious in chronic leukaemia. Complete automated BM analysis was performed in approximately 2 min, while staining and coverslipping of BM slides required approximately 30 min. Hence, although automated analysis should not supplant microscopical evaluation of BM, it can provide useful ancillary information in a short time and flag potentially inadequate or abnormal samples. PMID:24726417
Does habitat fragmentation cause stress in the agile antechinus? A haematological approach
Christopher P. Johnstone; Alan Lill; Richard D. Reina
Although the vertebrate stress response is essential for survival, frequent or prolonged stress responses can result in chronic\\u000a physiological stress, which is associated with a suite of conditions that can impair survivorship and reproductive output.\\u000a Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation are potential stressors of free-living vertebrates, and in theory could\\u000a result in chronic stress. To address this issue, we compared
Notch signalling in T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma and other haematological malignancies
Aster, Jon C.; Blacklow, Stephen C.; Pear, Warren S.
Notch receptors participate in a highly conserved signalling pathway that regulates normal development and tissue homeostasis in a context- and dose-dependent manner. Deregulated Notch signalling has been implicated in many diseases, but the clearest example of a pathogenic role is found in T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T-LL), in which the majority of human and murine tumours have acquired mutations that lead to aberrant increases in Notch1 signalling. Remarkably, it appears that the selective pressure for Notch mutations is virtually unique among cancers to T-LL, presumably reflecting a special context-dependent role for Notch in normal T cell progenitors. Nevertheless, there are some recent reports suggesting that Notch signalling has subtle yet important roles in other forms of hematologic malignancy as well. Here, we review the role of Notch signalling in various blood cancers, focusing on T-LL with an eye toward targeted therapeutics. PMID:20967796
Epigenetic inactivation of the hsa-miR-203 in haematological malignancies
Chim, Chor Sang; Wong, Kwan Yeung; Leung, Chung Ying; Chung, Lap Ping; Hui, Pak Kwan; Chan, Sau Yan; Yu, Li
Abstract miR-203 is a tumour suppressor microRNA (miRNA). We studied the methylation of hsa-miR-203 in 150 samples including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) by methylation-specific PCR, and miRNA expression by stem-loop RT-qPCR. hsa-miR-203 promoter was unmethylated in normal controls but homozygously methylated in two AML and four lymphoma cell lines, in which 5-Aza-2?-deoxycytidine treatment led to promoter demethylation and miR-203 re-expression. Restoration of miR-203 expression in lymphoma cells inhibited cellular proliferation and increased cell death, suggesting an inherent tumour suppressor activity. In primary samples, hsa-miR-203 methylation was absent in CML but detected in 5.0% ALL, 10.0% AML, 42.0% CLL and 38.8% of NHL (including six [60.0%] natural killer-cell, nine [40.9%] B-cell and four [23.5%] T cell NHL). Moreover, hsa-miR-203 methylation was associated with hypermethylation of hsa-miR-34a, -124a and -196b in NHL but not CLL. In CLL, hsa-miR-203 methylation was associated with a higher presenting Hb level (P = 0.033). The projected 10 year overall survival of the CLL patients was 58.2%, which was impacted by Rai stage and high-risk karyotypes but not hsa-miR-203 methylation. hsa-miR-203 was more frequently methylated in lymphoid than myeloid malignancies (P = 0.002). In conclusion, miR-203, a tumour suppressor gene, was hypermethylated in a tumour-specific manner with gene silencing. hsa-miR-203 was more frequently hypermethylated in lymphoid than myeloid malignancies. In NHL, hsa-miR-203 methylation was associated with concomitant methylation of other tumour suppressor miRNAs. The frequent hsa-miR-203 methylation in lymphoid malignancies suggested a pathogenetic role of hsa-miR-203 methylation. PMID:21323860
Carbendazim-induced haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes to the liver and kidney of male rats
N. Barlas; S. Songür; E A Koçskaya
Carbendazim is a systemic broad-spectrum fungicide controlling a wide range of pathogens. It is also used as a preservative in paint, textile, papermaking and leather industry, as well as a preservative of fruits. In the present study, carbendazim was administered at 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg\\/kg per day doses orally to male rats (Rattus rattus) for 15 weeks. At
Evaluation of immune response in turbot (Psetta maxima L.) tenacibaculosis: haematological and immunohistochemical studies.
Faílde, Luis Daniel; Losada, Ana Paula; Bermúdez, Roberto; Santos, Ysabel; Quiroga, M Isabel
Tenacibaculum maritimum is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes large losses in farmed turbot, Psetta maxima (L.). Main lesions included erosive and ulcerative skin injuries in different locations in the body of the fish. This study was set up to gain insights into the immune response of the turbot against this bacterial infection. To determine the variations in the peripheral blood leukocytes a minimum of 200 leukocytes in blood smears were counted. The presence of immunoglobulin positive (Ig(+)) cells in spleen, kidney, intestine, thymus and skin from turbot experimentally infected with T. maritimum were studied using an immunohistochemical method. In fish challenged with the bacterium the percentage of circulating granulocytes, lymphocytes and trombocytes showed significant differences at different points of sampling. Moreover, the number of Ig(+) cells significantly increased in the spleen, kidney, intestine and thymus. In the skin a strong immunoreactivity was observed in the interstitial liquid in damaged areas. The results obtained in this study indicated that the infection by T. maritimum in turbot induced an immune response that involved changes in the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and in the number and distribution of Ig(+) cells. PMID:25219765
Periodontal infection in adult-onset Still's disease patient: clinical and haematological considerations
Pessoa, Larissa; Galvăo, Virgilio; Ferreira, Clarissa; Neto, Leopoldo Santos
In this case report, the authors described the first case of a patient with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) who presents advanced periodontal infection. AOSD is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by spiking fever, usually exceeding 39°C, an evanescent salmon pink rash, arthritis and multiorgan involvement. Periodontal infection is a pathogen-induced oral inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth and is currently considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several cytokines capable of inducing systemic effects are produced during the course of this infection and the values of serum markers of inflammation, such as C reactive protein (CRP), may significantly decrease after periodontal treatment. Although AOSD can produce elevations in CRP, similar increase may be produced by periodontal infection, suggesting the need for medical and dental diagnosis when evaluating the sources of acute-phase responses in systemic autoimmune disease patients. PMID:22696669
Some Haematological and Biochemical Investigations on Duck Virus Hepatitis following Administration of Glycyrrhizin
Okda, Faten A.; Yassein, Safaa; Ahmed, Alaa R.; Nasr, Soad M.
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin (locally isolated and purified from licorice root) against duck hepatitis virus through the assessment of some hematological and biochemical parameters. One hundred and sixty white Pekin ducklings—one day old—were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group (1) was kept as normal control. Group (2) was inoculated I/P with 10?mg glycyrrhizin/kg BW, three times per week for four weeks. Group (3) was inoculated I/M with 0.5?ml of live attenuated DHV vaccine. Group (4) was inoculated with both glycyrrhizin (10?mg/kg BW I/P, three times per week for four weeks) and live attenuated DHV vaccine (0.5?ml, I/M). Then, all groups of treatment were challenged using virulent DHV except for 20 ducklings from the normal control group which were continued to be kept as negative control. The results revealed that duck hepatitis virus (DHV) caused macrocytic hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and marked elevation of liver enzymes and renal parameters. In conclusion, glycyrrhizin injected alone or in combination with DHV vaccine protected or ameliorated the deteriorating effects induced by DHV vaccine and/or duck hepatitis virus infection by improvement of erythrogram and leukogram, as well as liver and kidney functions. PMID:23984091
Our recommendations for avoiding exposure to fungi outside the hospital for patients with haematological cancers.
Ariza-Heredia, Ella J; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P
Despite several chemotherapeutic and preventative advances, opportunistic fungal infections remain common unintended consequences of cancer treatment. Currently, cancer patients spend most of their time between treatments at home, where they can inadvertently come across potential hazards from environmental and food sources. Therefore, infection prevention measures are of the utmost importance for these patients. Although clinicians closely observe patients throughout their treatment courses in the hospital, the focus of clinical visits is predominantly on cancer care, and clinicians seldom provide recommendations for prevention of such infections. Herein, we provide practical recommendations for busy clinicians to help them educate patients regarding potential sources of fungal infections outside the hospital. PMID:24446760
Periodontal infection in adult-onset Still's disease patient: clinical and haematological considerations.
Pessoa, Larissa; Galvăo, Virgilio; Ferreira, Clarissa; Santos Neto, Leopoldo
In this case report, the authors described the first case of a patient with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) who presents advanced periodontal infection. AOSD is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by spiking fever, usually exceeding 39°C, an evanescent salmon pink rash, arthritis and multiorgan involvement. Periodontal infection is a pathogen-induced oral inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth and is currently considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several cytokines capable of inducing systemic effects are produced during the course of this infection and the values of serum markers of inflammation, such as C reactive protein (CRP), may significantly decrease after periodontal treatment. Although AOSD can produce elevations in CRP, similar increase may be produced by periodontal infection, suggesting the need for medical and dental diagnosis when evaluating the sources of acute-phase responses in systemic autoimmune disease patients. PMID:22696669
Haematological and acute-phase responses associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness in humans
Michael Gleeson; Judith Almey; Stephen Brooks; Robert Cave; A. Lewis; Hugh Griffiths
Delayed-onset muscle soreness following unaccustomed or eccentric exercise is associated with inflammation, tissue necrosis and the release of muscle enzymes (Newham et al. 1983). We have investigated the time course of changes in circulating leucocytes and serum levels of some acute phase reactants, serum creatine kinase activity (CK) and muscle pain after a 40-min bout of bench-stepping exercise in eight
Pharmacological characterisation of the P2Y11 receptor in stably transfected haematological cell lines
Louise van der Weyden; David J. Adams; Brian M. Luttrell; Arthur D. Conigrave; Michael B. Morris
The recently cloned P2Y11 receptor is unique amongst P2Y receptors with its coupling to the adenylyl cyclase pathway. P2Y11 has previously been shown to be expressed in human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) HL-60 and NB4 cell lines, and both cell types elevate cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels upon stimulation with extracellular ATP. Acute erythroleukemic K562 cells and acute monocytic leukemia U937
Some selected haematological indices in Wistar rats in the vanadium-ethanol interaction.
Zaporowska, H; Wasilewski, W
1. Wistar rats of both sexes daily received an ethanol solution of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) of 0.3 mg V/cm3 5% ethanol concentration as sole drinking liquid, for a period of 4 weeks. 2. The reference groups received for drinking aqueous AMV solution, or 5% ethanol, or water. 3. In animals drinking both water and ethanol AMV solution a decrease in the erythrocyte count and haemoglobin level was noted together with an increase of the percentage of reticulocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. 4. A small rise of the percentage of polychromatophilic and orthochromatic erythroblasts was at the same time noted in the bone marrow of animals receiving ethanol AMV solution. 5. In the group of animals drinking 5% ethanol a fall of the erythrocyte count was observed and a rise of the leukocyte count, particularly of lymphocytes. 6. Substitution of water by 5% ethanol solution as solvent for AMV did not have any distinct influence on the toxicity of the tested compound. PMID:1980881
Biochemical and haematological investigations in syrian golden hamsters after cigarette smoke inhalation
W. Dontenwill; H.-J. Chevalier; H.-P. Harke; U. Lafrenz; G. Reckzeh; F. Leuschner
SUMMARY After long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, erythrocyte and haemoglobin levels were higher due to the high carbon monoxide concentration in the smoking chamber. Other values were not affected by the exposure. The literature on the influence of smoke components on human metabolism is summarized in 2 reports of the Surgeon General (1971, 1972) as well as by Schievelbein &
Haematological Characterisation and Molecular Basis of Asian Indian Inversion Deletions Delta Beta Thalassemia: A Case Report
Gupta, Monika; Singh, Rekha; Kapoor, Rohit; Pandey, Hare Ram
The hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and delta beta thalassemia are heterogeneous disorders characterised by increased levels of fetal hemoglobin and high level of this Hb continues in adulthood. The distinction between these two conditions is not always possible with routine hematologic analysis and molecular characterisation of the defect is required. We encountered such a rare case of ? ? thalassemia in a 10-year-old male child who presented with features of thalassemia intermedia. Hemoglobin analysis showed 100% HbF while molecular analysis revealed Asian Indian inversion-deletion G?A?(? ?) zero thalassemia. PMID:25386442
Age?related haematological changes and haemopathological responses in Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chiliensis)
Christine Hawkey; M. G. Hart; H. J. Samour
Full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on 49 clinically normal Chilean flamingos of different ages. Compared with adults, chicks aged 2–3 months showed low haemoglobin levels, red cell counts, packed cell volumes and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations. There was a rise in haemoglobin level and red cell count with increasing age but the mean cell haemoglobin concentration
Haematological findings in healthy and sick captive rosy flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber)
Christine Hawkey; M. G. Hart; H. J. Samour; J. A. Knight; R. E. Hutton
Full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on 36 clinically normal adult Rosy flamingos (21 males, 15 females) and six juveniles (sex uncertain). No significant sex differences were found but the haemoglobin levels, red cell counts, packed cell volumes and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were lower and the white cell counts higher in juveniles than in adults. Reference
Haematological findings in healthy and sick captive rosy flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber).
Hawkey, C; Hart, M G; Samour, H J; Knight, J A; Hutton, R E
Full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on 36 clinically normal adult Rosy flamingos (21 males, 15 females) and six juveniles (sex uncertain). No significant sex differences were found but the haemoglobin levels, red cell counts, packed cell volumes and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were lower and the white cell counts higher in juveniles than in adults. Reference values obtained from the normal birds were used as a basis for assessing the results of blood counts on nine birds showing a variety of abnormal clinical conditions. Heterophilia occurred in individuals with infections, chronic renal lesions, haemorrhage and suspected thrombosis. In one case, morphologically abnormal heterophils were present. A bird with carcinoma and peritonitis showed heteropenia. Several birds had hypochromic, microcytic red cells and severe hypochromic microcytic anaemia was found in a bird with an organising abdominal haematoma associated with chronic renal pathology. Several of the cases also had thrombocytosis and raised fibrinogen levels. PMID:18766834
Leishmaniasis in rheumatology, haematology and oncology: epidemiological, immunological and clinical aspects and caveats.
Bogdan, Christian
Leishmaniasis is an intracellular protozoan infection that can lead to cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral or systemic manifestations depending on the parasite species and virulence and on the host immune response. It is endemic in countries of Europe (Mediterranean basin), Asia, Africa, Central and South America, but autochthonous cases begin to emerge outside classical disease areas. CD4+ T helper cells, interferon ?, dendritic cells and macrophages are the key components of antileishmanial defence. Leishmaniasis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with chronic lesions of the skin or mucous membranes or with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, histocytosis, haemophagocytic syndrome or glomerulonephritis. Organ transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune syndromes are at particular risk of developing visceral leishmaniasis following immunosuppressive therapy (eg, with steroids, methotrexate, ciclosporin or tumour necrosis factor-neutralising biological agents). Diagnosis and adequate treatment of leishmaniasis requires the combined use of culture, microscopic and nucleic acid amplication methods and species identification by sequencing and other molecular techniques. Standard regimens for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis are intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg body weight for 10 days) or oral miltefosine (150 mg/day for 28 days). PMID:22460140
Detection of EPO doping and blood doping: the haematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport.
Schumacher, Yorck Olaf; Saugy, Martial; Pottgiesser, Torben; Robinson, Neil
The increase of the body's capacity to transport oxygen is a prime target for doping athletes in all endurance sports. For this pupose, blood transfusions or erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA), such as erythropoietin, NESP, and CERA are used. As direct detection of such manipulations is difficult, biomarkers that are connected to the haematopoietic system (haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes) are monitored over time (Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)) and analyzed using mathematical models to identify patterns suspicious of doping. With this information, athletes can either be sanctioned directly based on their profile or targeted with conventional doping tests. Key issues for the appropriate use of the ABP are correct targeting and use of all available information (e.g. whereabouts, cross sectional population data) in a forensic manner. Future developments of the passport include the correction of all concentration-based variables for shifts in plasma volume, which might considerably increase sensitivity. New passport markers from the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic level might add further information, but need to be validated before integration into the passport procedure. A first assessment of blood data of federations that have implemented the passport show encouraging signs of a decreased blood-doping prevalence in their athletes, which adds scientific credibility to this innovative concept in the fight against ESA- and blood doping. PMID:22374784
Influence of granite-grit on nutrient digestibility and haematological parameters of broiler chickens fed rice offal based diets.
Idachaba, C U; Abeke, F O; Olugbemi, T S; Ademu, L A
A total of 270 broiler chickens were used for the study. The birds were fed common diet containing 23% Crude protein and 2864 kcal kg(-1) Metabolizable energy at the starter phase while 20% Crude protein and 2923 kcal kg(-1) Metabolizable energy was fed at the finisher phase. Starter and finisher diets contained 10 and 15% inclusion levels of rice offal respectively. Granite grit was added to the basal diet at 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 g per bird per month thus making a total of six treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin level were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by dietary grit levels while total protein increased across the graded levels of granite grit. Crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract significantly (p<0.05) improved with increasing grit levels. These parameters improved up to the highest level of grit addition (10.0 g) granite-grit. It was concluded that 10.0 g granite grit per bird per month is beneficial to broiler chickens as it allows for efficient nutrient utilization. Further study to determine the optimum level of granite grit in broiler diet is encouraged since result obtained showed the optimum level was not attained. PMID:24502172
Effect of Trachelobdella lubrica (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) on biochemical and haematological characteristics of black scorpion fish ( Scorpaena porcus , Linnaeus 1758)
Ekrem Sanver Celik; Seyit Aydin
Black Scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus 1758) caught during monthly sampling carried out in 2003 in the Dardanelles, Turkey, were examined for the parasite. Trachelobdella lubrica. Infested fish were caught only during December 2003, and the clinical conditions of the 12 fish naturally infested with T. lubrica included fin rot, swollen foci of skin and haemorrhages of the gill and
Case-control study of multiple chemical sensitivity, comparing haematology, biochemistry, vitamins and serum volatile organic compound measures
Cornelia Johanna Baines; Gail Elizabeth; Nicole Riley; David Edward; C. Cole; Lynn Marshall; Barry Loescher; Vartouhi Jazmaji
Background Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), although poorly understood, is associated with considerable morbidity. Aim To investigate potential biological mechanisms underlying MCS in a case-control study. Methods Two hundred and twenty-three MCS cases and 194 controls (urban females, aged 30-64 years) fulfilled reproducible eligibility criteria with discriminant validity. Routine laboratory results and serum levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were compared.
Serum Copper and Haematological Values of Sheep of Different Physiological Stages in the Dry and Wet Seasons of Central Trinidad
Mohammed, A.; Campbell, M.; Youssef, F. G.
A study was conducted to determine serum copper (Cu) concentrations and hematological values of 174 sheep from four medium sized farms, pertaining to physiological stage, in the late dry and late wet seasons of Central Trinidad. Serum Cu was significantly lower in the dry than in the wet season (P < 0.001) with a corresponding high percentage of samples with low Cu levels in the former. 31% of dry nonpregnant sheep exhibited a nonregenerative anaemia. Also, hemoglobin and packed cell volume values varied (P < 0.001) including lymphocyte (P < 0.01) counts, among growing animals compared with other physiological stages. Significant variations also occurred among neutrophil (P < 0.05) and eosinophil (P < 0.05) values in sheep. Highest haemoglobin and packed cell volume, white blood cell counts, and lymphocyte values in growing sheep compared with other stages were probably age related. PMID:24895542
Fluid, electrolyte and haematological changes in experimental peste des petits ruminants virus infection in West African dwarf goats.
Olaleye, O D; Ikede, B O; Durojaiye, O A
The changes in plasma volume, blood volume, erythrocyte indices, leucocyte indices and serum biochemical values during experimental pestes des petits ruminants (PPR) virus infection of West African dwarf goats (Fouta djallon) were investigated. There was a progressive decline of the plasma volume and serum sodium and potassium values in all the infected goats as from day 5 post-infection and this became quite marked between days 10 and 23 post-infection. The fall was severest in those animals which had diarrhoea. There were no significant changes in the chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, urea, total protein and albumin values of the goats during the course of the diseases. Haemoconcentration and apparent polycythaemia in the early and terminal stages of the disease were associated with severe dehydration which characterized the infection. There was initial neutrophilic leucocytosis during the phase of fever followed by marked lymphopaenic leucopaenia which progressed terminally in most of the infected goats. The destructive effect of the virus on lymphocytes is suggested as a cause of lymphopaenia. PMID:2791649
The influence of different lipid sources and levels on growth, body composition and haematology of Huso huso.
Ahmadi Fackjouri, H; Falahatkar, B; Ershad Langroudi, H
In order to improve feeding and growth of juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso, the effects of various lipid sources in feed were examined. Three hundred juveniles (initial body weight 215 ± 10 g) were distributed into 15 flow-through 1100 l tanks (20 fish per tank). Five experimental diets containing various lipid levels were formulated: diet C (control; without added oil), SO(L) and SO(H) diets containing soybean oil concentrations respectively, (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg), FO(L) and FO(H) diets containing fish oil with low and high concentrations respectively (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg). Fish were fed three times daily based on their appetite for a period of 6 weeks. At the termination of the experiment, growth rate was improved with increasing oil content in the diets. There were significant differences in final weights among fish fed the different experimental diets. Lipid content of muscle and liver significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels for both soybean and fish oil. The lowest cholesterol level and the highest haematocrit value were measured in fish fed the FO(H) diet. No significant difference was found among dietary treatments in terms of triacylglycerol concentration, number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC). According to the most growth indices, results of this study suggest that the best results were observed in FO(H) which can be attributed to the greater palatability of diet containing high fish oil, supply of fatty acid requirement and enhanced physiological performance. PMID:21231966
Haematological and biochemical changes in Fasciola gigantica infected Buffaloes fed on diet containing deoiled mahua (Bassia latifolia) seed cake
P. Singh; A. K. Verma; Ani Bency Jacob; S. C. Gupta; U. R. Mehra
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of condensed tannins and saponins from deoiled mahua seed cake (DMSC) on the development of fasciolosis. Fifteen male buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 groups of five each and were orally infected with F. gigantica metacercaria @ 800\\/animal. DMSC was included in the concentrate mixture of group 2 (M5) and 3 animals
Effects of low concentrations of dietary cobalt on liveweight gains, haematology, serum vitamin B(12) and biochemistry of Omani goats.
Al-Habsi, Khalid; Johnson, Eugene H; Kadim, Isam T; Srikandakumar, Anandarajah; Annamalai, Kanthi; Al-Busaidy, Rashid; Mahgoub, Osman
Seventy-three, 10-week-old, newly weaned Omani goats of three different breeds, namely Dhofari (D), Batinah (B) and Jebel Akhdar (JA) were randomly divided into a control (n=38) and a treated group (n=35) for an experimental period of 10 months. Goats in both groups were fed 150 g/day per head of a pelleted concentrate, based on body weight and their requirements and Rhodes grass hay ad libitum, containing 0.12 and 0.10 mg/kg DM cobalt, respectively. Goats in the treated group also received bi-monthly subcutaneous injections of 2000 microg hydroxycobalamin. In contrast to the treated goats, the control animals of all breeds experienced a severe decrease in their serum vitamin B(12) levels, developed pale mucous membranes, appeared scruffy and two breeds (D and B) had significantly lower weight gains from month 5. Untreated kids of all breeds had significant decreases in their red blood cell counts and erythrocyte indices after approximately four months. Controls developed low total serum protein levels whilst activities of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased. Although it is widely assumed that goats are more resistant to cobalt deficiency than sheep this is apparently not true for Omani goats. Based on experimental data from previously reported studies and those from the present study it can be concluded that the reduction in weight gains in D and B goats is related to their lower digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy while the increase in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase are associated with developing hepatic lipidosis. PMID:16324857
Prevalence and management of anaemia in haematologic cancer patients receiving cyclic nonplatinum chemotherapy: Results of a prospective national chart survey
Michael Steurer; Helga Wagner; Günther Gastl
\\u000a Zusammenfassung\\u000a Hintergrund Anämie ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei Tumorpatienten. Im Gegensatz zu soliden Tumoren liegen bezüglich der Tumoranämie\\u000a bei hämatologischen Malignomen nur wenige Daten vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war daher die Bestimmung der Anämieprävalenz\\u000a unter laufender Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit Non-Hodgkin Lymphomen (NHL), Multiplem Myelom (MM), Morbus Hodgkin (HD) und\\u000a chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL). Weiterhin sollten mögliche Risikofaktoren zur Anämie-Entwicklung,
Folic acid supplemented goat milk has beneficial effects on hepatic physiology, haematological status and antioxidant defence during chronic Fe repletion.
Alférez, María J M; Rivas, Emilio; Díaz-Castro, Javier; Hijano, Silvia; Nestares, Teresa; Moreno, Miguel; Campos, Margarita S; Serrano-Reina, Jose A; López-Aliaga, Inmaculada
The aim of the current study was to asses the effect of goat or cow milk-based diets, either normal or Fe-overloaded and folic acid supplement on some aspects of hepatic physiology, enzymatic antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation in liver, brain and erythrocyte of control and anaemic rats after chronic Fe repletion. 160 male Wistar rats were placed on 40 d in two groups, a control group receiving normal-Fe diet and the Fe-deficient group receiving low Fe diet. Lately, the rats were fed with goat and cow milk-based diets during 30 d, with normal-Fe content or Fe-overload and either with normal folic or folic acid supplemented. Fe-overload increased plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels when cow milk was supplied. Dietary folate supplementation reduced plasma transaminases levels in animals fed goat milk with chronic Fe overload. A remarkable increase in the superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the animals fed cow milk. Dietary folate supplement lead to a decrease on the activity of this enzyme in all the tissues studied with both milk-based diets. A concomitant increment in catalase was also observed. The increase in lipid peroxidation products levels in rats fed cow milk with Fe-overload, suggest an imbalance in the functioning of the enzymatic antioxidant defence. In conclusion, dietary folate-supplemented goat milk reduces both plasma transaminases levels, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect and has beneficial effects in situation of Fe-overload, improving the antioxidant enzymes activities and reducing lipid peroxidation. PMID:25394837
Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological, physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport athletes.
Hamlin, Michael John; Hellemans, John
The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 weeks of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest was able to elicit changes that would benefit multi-sport athletes. Twenty-two multi-sport athletes of mixed ability were exposed to either a normobaric hypoxic gas (intermittent hypoxic training group) or a placebo gas containing normal room air (placebo group). The participants breathed the gas mixtures in 5-min intervals interspersed with 5-min recovery periods of normal room air for a total of 90 min per day, 5 days per week, over a 3-week period. The oxygen in the hypoxic gas decreased from 13% in week 1 to 10% by week 3. The training and placebo groups underwent a total of four performance tests, including a familiarization and baseline trial before the intervention, followed by trials at 2 and 17 days after the intervention. Time to complete the 3-km run decreased by 1.7%[95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.6 - 3.9%] 2 days after, and by 2.3% (CI = 0.25 - 4.4%) 17 days after, the last hypoxic episode in the training relative to the placebo group. Substantial changes in the training relative to the placebo group also included increased reticulocyte count 2 days (23.5%; CI =-1.9 to 44.9%) and 12 days (14.6%; CI = -7.1 to 36.4%) post-exposure. The effect of intermittent hypoxic training on 3-km performance found in this study is likely to be beneficial, which suggests non-elite multi-sport athletes should expect such training to enhance performance. PMID:17365530
Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological, physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport athletes
Michael John Hamlin; John Hellemans
The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 weeks of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest was able to elicit changes that would benefit multi-sport athletes. Twenty-two multi-sport athletes of mixed ability were exposed to either a normobaric hypoxic gas (intermittent hypoxic training group) or a placebo gas containing normal room air (placebo group). The participants breathed the
High rate of extra-haematological toxicity compromises dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Brain, E; Levy, C; Serin, D; Roché, H; Spielmann, M; Delva, R; Veyret, C; Mauriac, L; Rios, M; Martin, A L; Jimenez, M; Asselain, B; Gauthier, M; Bonnetain, F; Fumoleau, P
Background: A dose-dense strategy has been considered to improve results of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. This randomised phase II trial investigated the feasibility of this approach with sequential anthracyclines and taxanes-based chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with high-risk node-positive breast cancer were treated with three cycles of fluorouracil 500?mg?m?2, epirubicin 100?mg?m?2, cyclophosphamide 500?mg?m?2 (FEC 100) followed by three cycles of docetaxel 100?mg?m?2 delivered at 2-weekly intervals supported by primary prophylaxis with filgrastim. All patients were randomised to either uninterrupted treatment (arm A) or to have a 2-week additional period of rest between the FEC and docetaxel (arm B). The primary endpoint was the rate of success of chemotherapy delivery. Using a two-stage Fleming design, 120 patients were required with one interim analysis. Results: In March 2005, enrolment was stopped into arm A after the observation of severe skin toxicities. Following the planned interim analysis, the study was closed because of the high rate of grade 3/4 skin toxicities in both arms (arm A: 32.4% and arm B: 18.9%). Conclusion: Sequential dose-dense FEC 100 followed by docetaxel 100?mg?m?2 is not feasible. Feasibility still depends largely on several factors including the choice of drugs, dosage and sequence of administration. PMID:22009030
Effects of organohalogen pollutants on haematological and urine clinical–chemical parameters in Greenland sledge dogs ( Canis familiaris)
Christian Sonne; Rune Dietz; Maja Kirkegaard; Robert J. Letcher; Soheila Shahmiri; Steen Andersen; Per Mřller; Aage Kristian Olsen; Asger L. Jensen
Seven West Greenland sledge dog bitches (Canis familiaris) and their three pups were fed 50–200g of contaminated West Greenland minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber, and in a control cohort eight sister bitches and their five pups were fed a similar amount pork fat. Blood plasma and urine clinical–chemical parameters were measured and compared between the bitches and pups form the
Effect of caffeine supplementation on haematological and biochemical variables in elite soccer players under physical stress conditions
Adriana Bassini-Cameron; Eric Sweet; Altamiro Bottino; Christina Bittar; Carlos Veiga; Luiz-Claudio Cameron; E. H M Dantas
Objective: To evaluate the effect of caffeine on white cell distribution and muscle injury markers in professional soccer players during exercise.Methods: 22 male athletes completed a placebo controlled double blind test protocol to simulate a soccer match, followed by a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test.Results: Exercise caused an increase in packed cell volume that was enhanced by caffeine. Caffeine and exercise
Acute exposure of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri, Brandt) yearlings to nitrite: median-lethal concentration (LC(50)) determination, haematological changes and nitrite accumulation in selected tissues.
Huertas, M; Gisbert, E; Rodríguez, A; Cardona, L; Williot, P; Castelló-Orvay, F
Exposure of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) yearlings (172.0+/-18 g; mean+/-S.D.) to several NO(2)(-)-N concentrations (0, 25, 130, 180 and 275 mg/l) was studied for 72 h in static tests. At 72 h, the median-lethal concentration of NO(2)(-)-N was 130 mg/l in water with high chloride content (130.5 mg/l). Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (MetHb) but did not seem to cause mortality, as surviving fish showed higher levels (82.7+/-5.6%) than torpid specimens (60.8+/-4.5%). Levels of MetHb were unrelated to environmental and plasmatic nitrite concentrations, as both torpid and surviving fish exposed to the highest nitrite levels (275 mg/l of NO(2)(-)-N) presented similar concentrations of MetHb to those exposed to 25 mg/l of NO(2)(-)-N, thus indicating the ability of Siberian sturgeon yearlings to regulate plasmatic nitrite levels and maintain them lower than the environmental concentration of the toxicant. Nitrite exposure caused changes in the plasmatic electrolyte balance, which is characterised by extracellular hyperkalemia, high plasmatic chloride levels and low plasmatic sodium concentration. Differences between the nitrite concentration in the liver of torpid (46.3+/-9.0 mg/l) and surviving specimens (19.1+/-13.1 mg/l) exposed to several concentrations of NO(2)(-)-N suggest a significant contribution of the liver in nitrite detoxification pathways, and would thus explain a possible nitrite tolerance of Siberian sturgeon yearlings. PMID:11932005
Effect of a rosemary and oregano volatile oil mixture on performance, lipid oxidation of meat and haematological parameters in Pharaoh quails
D. Yesilbag; S. S. Gezen; H. Biricik; T. Bulbul
1. This study was conducted to determine the utility of a volatile oil (VO) mixture in quail diets as a natural growth promoter. Different levels of VO mixtures, derived from rosemary and oregano, were added to a basal diet to determine the effects of the mixture on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR),
Effect of a rosemary and oregano volatile oil mixture on performance, lipid oxidation of meat and haematological parameters in Pharaoh quails.
Yesilbag, D; Gezen, S S; Biricik, H; Bulbul, T
1. This study was conducted to determine the utility of a volatile oil (VO) mixture in quail diets as a natural growth promoter. Different levels of VO mixtures, derived from rosemary and oregano, were added to a basal diet to determine the effects of the mixture on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcase yield (CY), lipid oxidation level in thigh meat samples, and blood constituents. 2. A total of 880 one-day-old Pharaoh (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) quails, including both males and females, were divided into 4 groups containing 220 quails and treated as follows: (1) a control treatment with 0?mg VO/kg of diet; (2) 100?mg/kg rosemary VO plus 100?mg/kg oregano VO (50:50%); (3) 140?mg/kg oregano VO plus 60?mg/kg rosemary VO (70:30%); and (4) 60?mg/kg oregano VO plus 140?mg/kg rosemary VO (30:70%). The diets were prepared fresh for each treatment. The experiment was carried out for 42?d. 3. The results of the study showed that the highest concentration of rosemary oil (140?mg/kg) caused a significant increase in live weight, live weight gain and carcase yields during the growing and finishing periods. However, feed intake and FCR were not significantly influenced by treatments. 4. The quails fed with rations containing the VO mixture derived from rosemary and oregano had reduced thiobarbituric acid levels (TBA) in raw breast meat samples at different storage times. There is possibly a synergistic effect between oregano and rosemary volatile oils in preventing lipid oxidation in stored meat. 5. In this study, the haemoglobin (PCV) and haematocrit values and the heterophile/lympohocyte (H/L) ratio increased in the blood samples taken from Treatment 2. 6. In conclusion, a volatile oil containing a mixture of rosemary and oregano oils could be a potential natural growth promoter for quails, depending on the plants from which the VOs were extracted, the dosage and the synergetic effects of the mixture. PMID:22404809
Response of American lobsters Homarus americanus to infection with a field isolate of Aerococcus viridans var. homari (Gaffkemia): survival and haematology.
Battison, A L; Cawthorn, R J; Horney, B
American lobsters Homarus americanus were inoculated with a field isolate of the Gram-positive bacterium Aerococcus viridans var. homari, causative agent of gaffkemia, at 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(4) or 1 x 10(2) colony forming units (CFU) kg(-1) or with sterile 3% NaCl and maintained at 10 or 15 degrees C until they died or were euthanised. Progression of disease in individual animals was monitored daily by total haemocyte count (THC) and haemolymph culture. Post-mortem examinations were performed on all lobsters. Effects of both ambient temperature and infective dose on survival time were observed. Marked bacteraemia occurred in all mortalities. Haemocytopenia (THC < 10 x 10(9) cells l(-1)) preceded death in most, but not all, mortalities. PMID:15609881
Nature and nurture: a case of transcending haematological pre-malignancies in a pair of monozygotic twins adding possible clues on the pathogenesis of B-cell proliferations.
Hansen, Marcus C; Nyvold, Charlotte G; Roug, Anne S; Kjeldsen, Eigil; Villesen, Palle; Nederby, Line; Hokland, Peter
We describe a comprehensive molecular analysis of a pair of monozygotic twins, who came to our attention when one experienced amaurosis fugax and was diagnosed with JAK2+ polycythaemia vera. He (Twin A) was also found to have an asymptomatic B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). Although JAK2-, Twin B was subsequently shown to have a benign monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). Flow cytometric and molecular analyses of the B-cell compartments revealed different immunoglobulin light and heavy chain usage in each twin. We hypothesized that whole exome sequencing could help delineating the pattern of germline B-cell disorder susceptibility and reveal somatic mutations potentially contributing to the differential patterns of pre-malignancy. Comparing bone marrow cells and T cells and employing in-house engineered integrative analysis, we found aberrations in Twin A consistent with a myeloid neoplasm, i.e. in TET2, RUNX1, PLCB1 and ELF4. Employing the method for detecting high-ranking variants by extensive annotation and relevance scoring, we also identified shared germline variants in genes of proteins interacting with B-cell receptor signalling mediators and the WNT-pathway, including IRF8, PTPRO, BCL9L, SIT1 and SIRPB1, all with possible implications in B-cell proliferation. Similar patterns of IGHV-gene usage to those demonstrated here have been observed in inherited acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Collectively, these findings may help in facilitating identification of putative master gene(s) involved in B-cell proliferations in general and MBL and B-CLL in particular. PMID:25752595
Haematological, Biochemical and Coagulation Changes in Mice, Guinea-pigs and Monkeys Infected with a Mouse-adapted Variant of Ebola Zaire Virus
M. Bray; S. Hatfill; L. Hensley; J. W. Huggins
Ebola Zaire virus from the 1976 outbreak (EBO-Z) was recently adapted to the stage of lethal virulence in BALB\\/c mice through serial passage. In the present study, various parameters were examined in groups of mice and guinea-pigs and in three rhesus monkeys after infection with mouse-adapted EBO-Z. The virus caused fatal disease not only in mice but also in guinea-pigs,
Pan-European multicentre economic evaluation of recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase) in prevention and treatment of hyperuricaemia and tumour lysis syndrome in haematological cancer patients
L. Annemans; K. Moeremans; M. Lamotte; J. Garcia Conde; H. van den Berg; H. Myint; R. Pieters; A. Uyttebroeck
Goals. Hyperuricaemia (HU) and tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) are complications of acute myeloid\\/lymphoid leukaemia (AML\\/ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The objective was to assess incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of preventing\\/treating HU and TLS with recombinant urate oxidase, rasburicase (Fasturtec\\/Elitek). Patients and methods. Incidence and costs of HU and TLS were based on a multi-country
Physiological and haematological indices suggest superior heat tolerance of white-coloured West African Dwarf sheep in the hot humid tropics.
Fadare, Adelodun O; Peters, Sunday O; Yakubu, Abdulmojeed; Sonibare, Adekayode O; Adeleke, Matthew A; Ozoje, Michael O; Imumorin, Ikhide G
Coat colour contributes to physiological adaptation in mammals and mediates response to thermal stress. Twenty-four adult West African Dwarf sheep of both sexes and with different coat colour types were used in this study. We measured rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) before sunrise and sunset during the late dry season (January-March) and early rainy season (April-June) as well as packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma sodium (Na(+)) and potassium (K(+)). Animals with black coat colour had the highest (P < 0.05) mean values of 38.92 ± 0.03 °C, 65.09 ± 1.06 breaths/min, 81.35 ± 0.78 beats/min, 1.70 ± 0.01 for RT, RR, PR and heat stress index (HSI), respectively, followed by brown mouflon and brown with extensive white, while the Badger Face coloured sheep had the least mean values. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences between male and female sheep for RT, RR, PR and HSI. Season had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on RT, RR, PR and HSI. Coat colour and sex also significantly (P < 0.01) affected RBC, WBC, Na(+) and K(+). Seasonal variation (P < 0.05) in all the blood parameters was observed, with the exception of PCV. Interaction effect of coat colour and sex was significant (P < 0.05) on RT and HSI. Correlation coefficients among the measured traits ranged from positive to negative values. These results indicate that selection of white-coloured sheep to attenuate heat stress is desirable in the hot humid tropics. PMID:22639037
Acute effects of chemically dispersed crude oil on gill ion regulation, plasma ion levels and haematological parameters in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).
Duarte, Rafael Mendonça; Honda, Rubens Tomio; Val, Adalberto Luis
The main goal of this study was to investigate the toxicological effects of the chemical dispersant Corexit 9500, crude oil and the combination of the two components in the form of chemically dispersed crude oil (CO+DIS) on the ion regulation of the tropical fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Gill ion regulation was evaluated on the basis of unidirectional flux measurements (influx-J(in), efflux-J(out) and net flux-J(net)) of Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+). Plasma ion composition, haematocrit, haemoglobin and glucose concentrations in the blood of tambaqui were determined by classical methods. The exposure of fish to chemically dispersed crude oil promoted a significant increase in J(out) Na(+) across the gills, which, together with the inability of fish to stimulate Na(+) uptake to compensate for these losses resulted in significantly higher J(net) Na(+) outward, particularly within the first 3h of exposure. Increased outward J(net) Cl(-) was also seen in fish that were exposed to dispersed crude oil, whereas outward J(net) K(+) was only increased at crude oil dispersed in higher concentration of Corexit 9500. Plasma Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations decreased between 6 and 12h of exposure, whereas Ca(2+) concentrations remained significantly lower than those of the control group over the entire experimental period. There were significant increases in plasma K(+) concentrations and in the haematocrit after 6 and 24h of exposure to dispersed crude oil, suggesting significant changes in the permeability of the erythrocytic membrane. Collectively, our results suggest that chemically dispersed crude oil promotes a more extensive impairment of gill ion regulation, in addition to changes in plasma ion levels and blood parameters, in tambaqui compared with exposure to Urucu crude oil or Corexit 9500 alone. Thus, in the event of an oil spill in Amazonian waters, the chemical dispersion of Urucu crude oil could represent a great risk to tambaqui, challenging their ability to maintain ionic and osmotic gradients in native ion-poor waters. PMID:20097436
Protein Replacement Value of Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) Leaf Protein Concentrate (CLPC) in Broiler Starter : Effect on Performance, Muscle Growth, Haematology and Serum Metabolites
Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) was used to replace a known and conventional source of protein in broiler starter diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% respectively. The reference diet 1 was one where fish meal was the major source in the diet without CLPC. The inclusion level of CLPC
Haematological Effect of Using Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C) Seed Meal as An Alternative Protein Source for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
D. I Osuigwe; A. I. Obiekezie; Johnny O. Ogunji
Jackbean seed meal has crude protein and amino acid profile that recommend it for use as a substitute for fish meal in fish feed. It however, has some anti-nutritional factors some of which can be reduced to a large extend by processing (Udedibie, 1990). The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Jackbean Seed Meal (JBSM) on the
A comprehensive diagnostic approach using galactomannan, targeted ?-d-glucan, baseline computerized tomography and biopsy yields a significant burden of invasive fungal disease in at risk haematology patients.
Ceesay, M Mansour; Desai, Sujal R; Berry, Lisa; Cleverley, Joanne; Kibbler, Christopher C; Pomplun, Sabine; Nicholson, Andrew G; Douiri, Abdel; Wade, Jim; Smith, Melvyn; Mufti, Ghulam J; Pagliuca, Antonio
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is difficult to diagnose. We investigated the incidence of IFD and risk factors using the revised European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Mycoses Study Group (MSG) definitions. Patients (N = 203) undergoing intensive therapy with expected neutropenia ?10 d were recruited prospectively and followed for a median (range) of 556 (12-730) d. Baseline chest computerized tomography (CT) was performed pre-therapy. Twice-weekly surveillance with galactomannan (GM) was combined with targeted ?-d-glucan (BDG) testing on patients with possible IFD or who were GM-positive. Tissue diagnosis was obtained whenever possible. The cumulative incidence of proven/probable IFD among the 202 evaluable cases after 2 years follow-up was 21%, including 14 proven and 30 probable IFDs. Using either GM or BDG as the sole biomarker (plus host and clinical evidence) the apparent overall incidence of proven/probable IFD was 11% and 16%, respectively. Combined GM/BDG detected all biopsy-proven mould IFD. Baseline CT abnormalities were found in 76/202 (38%) patients. Baseline CT abnormalities and Karnofsky score <90, monocytopenia >10 d and bacteraemia were independent risk factors associated with greater than twofold increased IFD risk. This combined diagnostic approach identified a high incidence of IFD and important risk factors in this cohort. PMID:25179933
Comparative assessment of the erythrocyte osmotic fragility and of haematological and plasma biochemical values in the Nigerian white Fulani and N'dama breeds of cattle.
Olayemi, F O; Oyewale, J O
The blood profiles of the Nigerian White Fulani and N'dama breeds of cattle were compared. The White Fulani cattle had a significantly higher haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (p < 0.05), plasma sodium (p < 0.02), total protein (p < 0.01), albumin (p < 0.01) and globulin (p < 0.02), but lower neutrophil counts (p < 0.01) and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes than the N'dama cattle. The plasma potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, inorganic phosphate, albumin/globulin ratio, urea, creatinine, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume, and the erythrocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts were similar in the two breeds. PMID:12094673
Studies on Parasitologic and Haematologic Activities of an Enaminone Derivative of 4-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one Against Murine Schistosomiasis Mansoni
El-Shennawy, Amal M.; Mohamed, Amira H.; Mohamed Abass
The activity of a novel enaminone derivative of 4–hydroxyquinoline, BDHQ, was screened for its effectiveness against murine schistosomiasis by electron microscopy and parasitologic studies. The correlation of these studies with serum levels of IFN–gamma and IgE is described. Two groups of 10 mice each were treated with different doses of BDHQ, and their results were correlated with the control and praziquantel (PZQ)–treated groups. Parasitologic study revealed significant reduction in mature worms and tissue egg loads in BDHQ– and PZQ–treated groups, whereas immature worms revealed significant reduction in BDHQ groups only. The group treated with a higher dose of BDHQ showed significant reductions in intestinal ova count when compared with the PZQ–treated group. Ultrastructural examination of the worm revealed significant degeneration of the spines and tegument in all treated groups, while the genital system was affected in BDHQ–treated groups only. BDHQ showed considerable effect on cellular activation where serum levels of IFN–gamma were significantly increased in comparison to control, while anti–soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) IgE was significantly increased in comparison to both the control and PZQ–treated groups. Ultrastructural examination revealed cellular activation in buffy coat and the liver in both the BDHQ– and PZQ–treated groups in comparison to the untreated one, whereas in the bone marrow and spleen, evidence of cellular activation was remarkable in the BDHQ–treated groups. In conclusion, BDHQ exhibits high levels of activity against adult and juvenile stages of these parasites, which may be due to its mixed cellular and humoral immunologic mechanisms, as demonstrated by the significant increase of serum levels of IgE and IFN–gamma shown on electron microscopy. Therefore, our results support the comparative advantage that BDHQ has over PZQ. PMID:17435624
Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes
Thavasimuthu Citarasu; Veeramani Sivaram; Grasian Immanuel; Namita Rout; Vadivel Murugan
Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed
An initial investigation into the effects of isolation and enrichment on the welfare of labratory pigs housed in the PigTurn® system, assessed using tear staining, behaviour, physiology and haematology
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The pig is an increasingly important laboratory animal species. However, a laboratory often requires individual, sterile housing, which may impose stress. Our objective was to determine the effects of isolation and enrichment in pigs housed for 7 days within the PigTurn™ - a novel penning system wit...
Compliance with Home-based Fortification Strategies for Delivery of Iron and Zinc: Its Effect on Haematological and Growth Markers among 6-24 months Old Children in North India
Dhingra, Pratibha; Dhingra, Usha; Gupta, Shilpi; Iyengar, Venkatesh; Menon, Venugopal P.; Sarkar, Archana; Black, Robert E.
ABSTRACT Compliance is a key component in successful implementation of the delivery of micronutrients among children. The present study evaluates the compliance with two home-based food fortification strategies (fortified complementary food or sprinkle) for providing iron and zinc among children aged 6-24 months. A total of 292 children were randomly allocated to receive either rice-based fortified complementary food and nutrition education (Cf=101), sprinkle and nutrition education (Mp=97), or nutrition education alone as control (Ed=94). All the enrolled children were breastfed at the beginning of the study and were advised to continue breastfeeding. Biweekly information on compliance and anthropometry was collected. Complete haemogram estimation was conducted at baseline and end of the study. Compliance with the fortified complementary food was higher compared to sprinkle (Cf=81%, Mp=64% child-days). Consumption of the fortified complementary food for 6 months resulted in a significant increase in mean haemoglobin in the intervention group compared to control group (Cf 1.29±1.6 g/dL; Ed 0.23±1.3 g/dL; p<0.001). Our results showed that fortified complementary food had higher compliance than sprinkle and is a suitable delivery mechanism for iron and zinc in preschool children. PMID:25076659
Recent changes in bacterial epidemiology and the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli among patients with haematological malignancies: results of a prospective study on 823 patients at a single institution
C. Cattaneo; G. Quaresmini; S. Casari; M. A. Capucci; M. Micheletti; E. Borlenghi; L. Signorini; A. Re; G. Carosi; G. Rossi
Results: Fever developed in 364 patients (44.2%) and an infection was documented in 187 (22.7%), either clinically (6.1%) or microbiologically (16.6%). Levofloxacin prophylaxis, used in 39.4% of cases, caused a reduction in febrile episodes only among neutropenic patients and no difference in the fre- quency of documented infections. Among 164 pathogens isolated, Gram-negative (49.4%) outweighed Gram-positive bacteria (40.9%), Escherichia coli
Sarcoptes scabei var. wombati infection in the common wombat ( Vombatus ursinus )
Matt Hartley; Anthony English
Sarcoptic mange has been identified as the most significant infectious disease affecting the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). Biochemistry and haematology values for wild common wombats have not been published previously. A 35% of the wombat population were exhibiting clinical signs of the disease. Significant changes in blood haematology and biochemistry parameters were observed in affected animals. A seasonal variation in
Routine laboratory analysis for preclinical research in the pharmaceutical industry in Italy: An overview
R. Airaghi; S. Berlingozzi; S. Cannata; G. Negro; E. Melloni; F. Motta
Last year, the GEET (Italian Association for Haematology and Haematochemistry in Toxicology), which covers most pharmaceutical companies and contract laboratories in Italy, carried out an explorative survey on the analytical procedures commonly used for measuring haematological and clinicochemical parameters in laboratory animals.
Validation of the use of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ) for experimental manipulation of haematocrit
' variation in these haematological traits has been associated with varying demands for aerobic capacity haematological status, aerobic capacity, workload (e.g. migration, parental care, thermo- regulation), individual-organism aerobic capacity is one of the main predictors of endurance or the ability to sus- tain a high workload
Low-dose continuous oral melphalan for the treatment of primary systemic (AL) amyloidosis.
Sanchorawala, Vaishali; Wright, Daniel G; Seldin, David C; Falk, Rodney H; Berk, John L; Dember, Laura M; Finn, Kathleen T; Skinner, Martha
Median survival of patients with AL amyloidosis with clinically significant cardiac involvement is 5 months when treated with cyclic melphalan and prednisone. We investigated a regimen of continuous oral melphalan as a single agent for patients with cardiac amyloidosis who were unable to tolerate prednisone or more aggressive chemotherapy. Thirty patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy were treated with continuous oral melphalan. Seven of 13 patients, evaluable after 3-4 months of treatment, achieved a partial haematological response and three achieved a complete haematological response; six patients have survived for > 1 year. This regimen appeared to be effective in inducing haematological responses in patients who received total doses of melphalan > 300 mg. PMID:12060126
Philadelphia University Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Philadelphia University Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Haematology Syllabus-General Aspects 2 1 Types of Anemias 3, 4. 5 2 Genetic Disorders of Haemoglobin 6 3 Bone Marrow Disorders 7 2
Constrained transcription factor spacing is prevalent and important for transcriptional control of mouse blood cells
Ng, Felicia S. L.; Schütte, Judith; Ruau, David; Diamanti, Evangelia; Hannah, Rebecca; Kinston, Sarah J.; Göttgens, Berthold
, Judith Schu¨tte, David Ruau, Evangelia Diamanti, Rebecca Hannah, Sarah J. Kinston and Berthold Go¨ttgens* Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University...
Evaluation of the Honeywell ACS 1000 leucocyte differential counter.
Clowes, M; Giles, C; Ibbotson, R M; Johnson, P H
The Honeywell ACS 1000 is a relatively inexpensive differential white cell counter, which is only partially automated. This instrument has been evaluated in a routine haematology laboratory. PMID:7364951
In accordance with general principles recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (1982, Journal of Clinical Pathology 35, 1320-1322), the authors have developed statistical methods for the analysis of red cell volume distributions. To select an ...
Renal failure and occupational exposure to organic solvents: what work-up should be Abstract 123 words
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
of this renal failure did not reveal any urinary tract obstruction, nephrotic syndrome, or electrolyte, with no history of infection or any particular treatment. The haematological, immunological and metabolic
Single-cell paired-end genome sequencing reveals structural variation per cell cycle
, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK and 9 Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK Received February 20, 2013; Revised April 9, 2013; Accepted April 10, 2013 ABSTRACT
Persistence of neurological damage induced by dietary vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy
Ursula von Schenck; Christine Bender-Götze; Berthold Koletzko
A case is reported of a 14 month old boy with severe dietary vitamin B-12 deficiency caused by his mother's vegan diet. Cinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and haematological findings are described. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe frontal and frontoparietal cranial atrophy. Vitamin B-12 supplements led to a rapid improvement of haematological and neurological symptoms. Serum vitamin B-12 and urinary
Prinzinger, R., Misovic, A. & Kleinschmidt, T. 1994. Analysis of blood components in Blue-naped Mousebirds Urocolius macrourus. Ostrich 65: 311–315.The haematology and the haemoglobin components of 40 captive, adult Blue-naped Mousebirds Urocolius macrourus have been studied. Females show significantly lower values in the number of erythrocytes, in the absolute haemoglobin content and in the haematocrit than males. All haematological parameters
Cows' milk allergy in the syndrome of thrombocytopenia with absent radius.
Whitfield, M F; Barr, D G
A girl with the syndrome of thrombocytopenia with absent radius had severe diarrhoea and dehydration relieved by withdrawal of cows' milk and aggravated by its reintroduction on three occasions. Deterioration in gastrointestinal symptoms was associated with haematological relapse with thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, anaemia, and eosinophilia. There appeared to be a correlation between milk exposure and the haematological and gastrointestinal disturbances. Supporting evidence from published reports for such a correlation is reviewed. Cows' milk protein intolerance may be a factor in precipitating haematological relapse in susceptible infants with radius aplasia. Early withdrawal of cow's milk protein should be tried in thrombocytopenia with absent radius, especially in cases with prominent gastrointestinal upset. Images p338-a Fig. 1. PMID:947152
Report on the 56th ASH Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 4-9 December 2014.
Agazzi, Alberto
The 56th annual ASH (American Society of Haematology) meeting was held in San Francisco (CA). More than 3,000 abstracts were selected for presentation due to the huge amount of information from basic science to clinical experience. The future direction in haematoncology is targeted therapies for most diseases; for instance, anti-PD-1 and CAR-T cells in lymphoproliferative disorders and novel immunomodulatory agents active in the contest of bone marrow milieu in multiple myeloma. On the other hand, in aggressive haematological diseases (AML, ALL), clinical studies demonstrated the feasibility of a more intensive chemotherapy approach in older patients. PMID:25729427
Report on the 56th ASH Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 4–9 December 2014
Agazzi, Alberto
The 56th annual ASH (American Society of Haematology) meeting was held in San Francisco (CA). More than 3,000 abstracts were selected for presentation due to the huge amount of information from basic science to clinical experience. The future direction in haematoncology is targeted therapies for most diseases; for instance, anti-PD-1 and CAR-T cells in lymphoproliferative disorders and novel immunomodulatory agents active in the contest of bone marrow milieu in multiple myeloma. On the other hand, in aggressive haematological diseases (AML, ALL), clinical studies demonstrated the feasibility of a more intensive chemotherapy approach in older patients. PMID:25729427
Altitude exposure in sports: the Athlete Biological Passport standpoint.
Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Pareja-Galeano, Helios; Brioche, Thomas; Martinez-Bello, Vladimir; Lippi, Giuseppe
The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is principally founded on monitoring an athlete's biological variables over time, to identify abnormal biases on a longitudinal basis. Several factors are known to influence the results of these markers. However, the manner in which the altitude factor is taken into account still needs to be standardized. Causal relationships between haematological variables should be correctly integrated into ABP software. In particular, modifications of haematological parameters during and after exposure to different altitudes/hypoxic protocols need to be properly included within detection models. PMID:24115763
A perspective on stem cells by a clinician
Ieuan A Hughes
Stem cell terminology has entered the lexicon of medical practitioners even though the application of harvesting stem cells to treat diseases other than haematological disorders is not yet a reality in clini- cal practice. All branches of medicine will be affected by the new technology, more so those related to regenerative cell-based therapy for disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's
Migration of bone marrow stem cells in ischaemic brain
W. S. Poon; G. Lu; K. S. Tsang; X. L. Zhu; G. G. Chen; H. K. Ng
Stem cell therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the management of haematological malignancy and solid cancer, but its role in neurodegenerative conditions remains uncertain. We hypothesize that: (1) ventricular delivery of bone marrow stem cells improves functional outcome in experimental ischaemia of the mouse brain; and (2) this improved outcome is due to migration of bone marrow stem
Effect of Seafoods (Periwinkle, Bonkafish and Crayfish) and Vegetable Oils Enriched Meal on Cardiovascular Disease
J. I. Ndem; M. I. Akpanabiatu; E. U. Essien
Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fustcatus), Crayfish (cambarellus diminutus) and Bonka fish (Ethimalosa fimbriata) are local marine food sources of omega-3 fatty acid. Groundnut oil, corn oil and soybean oil are notably high in omega-6 fatty acids. The present study compared changes in haematological and biochemical indices in rats fed with local marine foods (periwinkle, bonka fish and crayfish) and vegetable oils (groundnut,
Maternal vegan diet causing a serious infantile neurological disorder due to vitamin B 12 deficiency
T. Kiihne; R. Bubl; R. Baumgartner
We present a 9-month-old exclusively breastfed baby of a strict vegetarian mother who had excluded all animal proteins from her diet. The patient's symptoms included dystrophy, weakness, muscular atrophy, loss of tendon reflexes, psychomotor regression and haematological abnormalities. Biochemical investigations revealed severe methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria in the patient, slight methylmalonic aciduria in the mother and low concentrations of serum
Pathogenetic significance of "pure" monosomy 7 in myeloproliferative disorders. analysis of 14 cases
F. Pasquali; P. Bernasconi; R. Casalone; M. Fraccaro; C. Bernasconi; M. Lazzarino; E. Morra; E. P. Alessandrino; M. A. Marchi; R. Sanger
Monosomy 7 is frequent in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and in preleukaemic dysmyelopoietic syndromes but often it is not the only chromosome anomaly associated with these conditions. We report 14 patients with "pure" monosomy 7 and their clinical and haematological data are analysed in order to clarify the possible implications of this chromosome anomaly. The following points are considered:1)In spite
Captive wild animals as potential reservoirs of haemo and ectoparasitic infections of man and domestic animals in the arid region of Northeastern Nigeria
Albert Wulari Mbaya; Murtala Mohammed Aliyu; Chukwunyere Okwudiri Nwosu; Umar Isa Ibrahim
Haematological examination of 114 captive wild animals belonging to 3 groups revealed blood infection with one or more haemo or ecto-parasites per animal. The carnivores harboured infections with mainly Babesia canis, Babesia felis , and t rypanosoma brucei . Those encountered among the artiodactyla were mainly t rypanosoma vivax , t rypanosoma congolense and anaplasma marginale . No haemoparasites were
Case Report. Prevention of Clozapine-Induced Granulocytopenia/Agranulocytosis with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in an Intellectually Disabled Patient with Schizophrenia
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rajagopal, G.; Graham, J. G.; Haut, F. F. A.
Background: While clozapine is an effective treatment for refractory schizophrenia, its use is limited by haematological side effects. Treatment options that allow continued prescription of clozapine by tackling these side effects will greatly aid patients for whom this medication is all too often their only hope of recovery. Method: In this case…
Clustering of childhood leukaemia in Hong Kong: association with the childhood peak and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and with population mixing
FE Alexander; LC Chan; TH Lam; P Yuen; NK Leung; SY Ha; HL Yuen; CK Li; YL Lau; MF Greaves
Incidence data of childhood leukaemia (CL) in Hong Kong (1984-90) have been analysed for evidence of variation between small areas. All cases (n=261) were classified by morphological cell type, with the majority (n=205) being acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and haematological review has permitted immunophenotypic classification for 73% of these. The data have been examined for evidence of spatial clustering within
Carboxylesterase 1 (Ces1): from monocyte marker to major player
Geraldine M Markey
There are few, if any, enzymes that have been studied by, and have importance in, so many and varied disciplines as has monocyte esterase\\/Ces 1. In this review its involvement in the fields of histochemistry, haematology, toxicology, pharmacology, therapeutics, and tumour cell killing, immune surveillance and malignant disease, is briefly described.
Tumour resistance to cisplatin: a modelling approach
L. Marcu; E. Bezak; I. Olver; T. van Doorn
Although chemotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of haematological tumours, in many common solid tumours the success has been limited. Some of the reasons for the limitations are: the timing of drug delivery, resistance to the drug, repopulation between cycles of chemotherapy and the lack of complete understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a specific agent. Cisplatin is among the
Clinical experience with substrate reduction therapy
Atul Mehta
The introduction of substrate reduction therapy (SRT) using miglustat (Zavesca®) gives physicians and patients a choice of treatment options for type 1 Gaucher's disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has proven a successful approach to treating the haematologic abnormalities and organomegaly. However, long-term complications such as skeletal disease and subtle abnormalities in the nervous system do not respond as well, if
Effective treatment of an elderly patient with Gaucher's disease and Parkinsonism: A case report of 24 months' oral substrate reduction therapy with miglustat
D. A. Hughes; L. Ginsberg; R. Baker; S. Goodwin; A. Milligan; L. Richfield; A. B. Mehta
We report here the results of 24 months' treatment with oral miglustat of a patient with mild-to-moderate Gaucher's disease (GD) and Parkinsonism. The patient's progressive Parkinsonian tremor, in addition to restricted vascular access, necessitated switching treatment for GD from intravenously infused enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) that had been administered for the previous 7 years. With control of haematological parameters and
number of returns to oestrus was larger with R2, whereas more abortions were observed with Ri, especially during the 3rd and 4th cycles.
Boyer, Edmond
and haematological profiles in reproductive sows influence of the physiological stage and of the reproductive cycle management system (2.5 cycles per sow and per year) and in satisfactory sanitary conditions, blood samplings, urea and cholesterol contents as compared with late lactation. The influence of the reproductive cycle
Safety evaluations of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera in rats
A. A. Adedapo; O. M. Mogbojuri; B. O. Emikpe
Accepted 19 June, 2009 The aqueous extract from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was evaluated for its oral toxicity by the oral route, and for the sub-acute toxicity on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in rats. In the acute toxicity test, M. oleifera extract caused no death in animals even at 2000 mg\\/kg dose. Oral treatments in rats with this
A three-year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified Bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep
Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci; Giorgio Brandi; Cristina Rondini; Luca Avellini; Camilla Giammarini; Silva Costarelli; Gabriele Acuti; Chiara Orlandi; Giovanni Filippini; Elisabetta Chiaradia; Manuela Malatesta; Silvia Crotti; Chiara Antonini; Giulia Amagliani; Elisabetta Manuali; Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo; Livia Moscati; Mohamed Naceur Haouet; Alberto Gaiti; Mauro Magnani
This study shows that a diet including insect-resistant Bt176 maize, fed to 53 ewes and their progeny for 3 years, did not have adverse effects on their health or performance and that no horizontal gene transfer to ruminal microorganisms or animal tissues was detected. No differences were observed regarding performance, reproductive traits, haematological parameters, antioxidant defences, lymphocyte proliferative capacity, phagocytosis and
Training of pathologists in countries belonging to the European Economic Community.
Rinsler, M G
The regulations and procedures for the training and assessment of pathologists engaged in morbid anatomy and histology, medical microbiology, haematology, and clinical chemistry in the countries of the European Economic Community are reviewed. Differences in the terminology used in the description of pathological disciplines are noted. Suggestions are made by which harmonisation of training, which is an EEC objective, could be achieved. PMID:334802
2009NatureAmerica,Inc.Allrightsreserved. 1118 VOLUME 10 NUMBER 10 OctOBER 2009 nature immunology
Utrecht, Universiteit
to disease processes as well as for exploiting their therapeutic potential. The bone marrow is the main site- ment of E4BP4 in other cellular processes such as motorneuron growth and survival25, regulation of von Willebrand factor expres- sion26 and osteoblast function27 has also been proposed. 1Molecular Haematology
Moving Cages Further Offshore: Effects on Southern Bluefin Tuna, T. maccoyii, Parasites, Health and Performance
Nicole T. Kirchhoff; Kirsty M. Rough; Barbara F. Nowak; Howard Browman
The effects of offshore aquaculture on SBT health (particularly parasitic infections and haematology) and performance were the main aim of this study. Two cohorts of ranched Southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) were monitored throughout the commercial season, one maintained in the traditional near shore tuna farming zone and one maintained further offshore. SBT maintained offshore had reduced mortality, increased
Generation of a conditional knockout of murine glucocerebrosidase: Utility for the study of Gaucher disease
Graham B. Sinclair; Gareth Jevon; Karen E. Colobong; Derrick R. Randall; Francis Y. M. Choy; Lorne A. Clarke
Gaucher disease is a disorder of sphingolipid metabolism resulting from an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase. Affected individuals present with a spectrum of clinical symptoms ranging from hepatosplenomegaly, haematological abnormalities, and bone pain in type 1 disease, to severe neurodegeneration and premature death in types 2 and 3 disease. Although the basic biochemical defect is well characterized, there
Whole blood cell counts and leucocyte differentials in patients with benign or malignant ovarian tumours
M. den Ouden; J. M. H. Ubachs; J. E. G. M. Stoot; J. W. J. van Wersch
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine whether ovarian cancer patients had haematological anomalies compared to patients with benign ovarian tumours. Study design: Whole blood cell counts and leucocyte differentials were measured in 70 patients suspected of having ovarian tumours. Postoperatively, 20 patients had metastatic ovarian cancer and 50 patients had benign ovarian tumours. A control group consisted
Recurrent Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteraemia associated with a multi-bacterial water-borne epidemic among neutropenic patients
O. Perola; T. Nousiainen; S. Suomalainen; S. Aukee; U.-M. Kärkkäinen; J. Kauppinen; T. Ojanen; M.-L. Katila
A cluster of septicaemias due to several water-related species occurred in a haematological unit of a university hospital. In recurrent septicaemias of a leukaemic patient caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis, genotyping of the blood isolates by use of random amplified polymorphic DNA-analysis verified the presence of two distinct S. paucimobilis strains during two of the separate episodes. A strain of S.
Study Protocol: Randomised controlled trial to investigate the functional significance of marginal riboflavin status in young women in the UK (RIBOFEM)
Marilyn HE Hill; Sohail Mushtaq; Elizabeth A Williams; Jack R Dainty; Hilary J Powers
BACKGROUND: The functional significance of moderate riboflavin deficiency as it is currently assessed is not well understood. Animal and human studies have suggested a role for riboflavin in the absorption and mobilisation of iron and as such may be important in maintaining haematological status. Recent National Diet and Nutrition Surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that young women in
V. A. Toma; F. P. Retief; G. M. Potgieter; J. D. Anderson
11 patients with plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) are reported. Diagnostic clinical, haematological, immunological, biochemical and electron microscopical (TEM) data were analysed and compared to the largest series of PCL cases reported in the literature. Special attention was paid to four facets of this disease: (a) the clinical picture at admission; (b) the frequency of PCL; (c) the production of M
Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens
J V Melo; U Hegde; A Parreira; I Thompson; I A Lampert; D Catovsky
The clinical, haematological, morphological and histological features of a series of 22 patients presenting with splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes were assessed and compared with those of patients with other forms of chronic B cell leukaemia in an attempt to differentiate this condition from hairy cell leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, with which this condition has many
Some aspects of erythrocyte metabolism in insulin-treated diabetic dogs
S. Comazzi; S. Paltrinieri; V. Spagnolo; P. Sartorelli
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is a common metabolic disease often complicated by a number of pathological conditions among which are haematological changes and alterations in blood cell function. Human and feline diabetes mellitus patients have been reported to be associated with oxidative stress that can lead to membrane alterations and to reduced erythrocyte life-span. Erythrocyte function in dogs affected by
Summary Blood flow in the intestinal artery ( qIA), the rate of oxygen consumption (VO•) and a number of haematological variables were measured in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, while they swam up to the critical swimming velocity ( Ucrit). The fish used in this study had previously been exposed to one of two different exercise-training regimes, swimming for 8 months
Rafiq, Asim; Vaqar, Abeer; Javaid, Khalid Hussain; Parveen, Rashida; Sadaf, Rabia
A 4 years old boy presented with acute left hemiplegia. Preliminary neuroimaging suggested an arterial ischemic process. Clinical and laboratory evaluation excluded haematologic, metabolic and vasculitic causes. Cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease. Treatment included physiotherapy and close follow-up for recurrence. PMID:21798142
Recurrent gene fusions in prostate cancer
Chandan Kumar-Sinha; Scott A. Tomlins; Arul M. Chinnaiyan
The discovery of recurrent gene fusions in a majority of prostate cancers has important clinical and biological implications in the study of common epithelial tumours. Gene fusion and chromosomal rearrangements were previously thought to be primarily the oncogenic mechanism of haematological malignancies and sarcomas. The prostate cancer gene fusions that have been identified thus far are characterized by 5? genomic
1 DIVISION OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE PROFESSOR MARTIN WILKINS HEAD OF DIVISION CENTRE & THERAPEUTICS PROFESSOR MARTIN WILKINS HEAD OF CENTRE CENTRE FOR HAEMATOLOGY PROFESSOR JANE APPERLEY HEAD FOR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS PI LIST PROFESSOR MARTIN R WILKINS HEAD OF CENTRE Miss A Ashley-Smith Centre
West Syndrome in an Infant with Vitamin B[subscript 12] Deficiency in the Absence of Macrocytic Anaemia
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Erol, Ilknur; Alehan, Fusun; Gumus, Ayten
Vitamin B[subscript 12] deficiency in infants often produces haematological and neurological deficits, including macrocytic anaemia, neurodevelopmental delay or regression, irritability, weakness, hypotonia, ataxia, apathy, tremor, and seizures. The diagnosis of vitamin B[subscript 12] deficiency can be difficult when the typical macrocytic…
Aggressive large granular lymphocyte lymphomas in five dogs: a clinical cytohistological and immunological study
V. Turinelli; T. Marchal; F. Ponce; C. Bonnefont-Rebeix; C. Fournel-Fleury
Among 276 canine lymphomas referred to the Haematology–Cytology–Immunology laboratory of the Lyon Veterinary School between 1997 and 2003, there were five aggressive large granular lymphocyte (LGL) malignancies. The five dogs were clinically examined and followed up. Cytological and histological analyses of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, intestine and bone marrow were performed. The immunophenotype and proliferation index were established. The
Different aspects of thalidomide treatment and stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients
A. M. W. van Marion
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an haematological malignancy caused by an unrestrained proliferation of plasma cells (monoclonally differentiated B-cells), and part of the white blood cell count. This proliferation infiltrates the blood forming skeletal bone marrow, producing osteoclastic factors, causing local bone destruction and bone resorption, causing bone pain as one of the major symptoms. The clonally transformed plasma cells all
Effects of oral ursodeoxycholic acid in healthy cats on clinicopathological parameters, serum bile acids and light microscopic and ultrastructural features of the liver
J Corbett; D Watrous
A blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) given orally, at a dose of 15 mg kg?1 per day for eight weeks, on the physical condition, haematological and serum biochemical profiles, urinalysis, total serum bile acids (TSBA) and hepatic histology of four healthy cats. There were no clinically important significant differences between the groups or within the
Acremonium sclerotigenum-Acremonium egyptiacum: a multi-resistant fungal pathogen complicating the course of aplastic anaemia.
Guitard, J; Degulys, A; Buot, G; Aline-Fardin, A; Dannaoui, E; Rio, B; Marie, J P; Lapusan, S; Hennequin, C
A patient with aplastic anaemia, successively treated with caspofungin then liposomal amphotericin, developed a disseminated infection due to Acremonium, further confirmed as resistant in vitro to these drugs. Successful treatment was achieved with voriconazole. Multiple antifungal treatments may expose to the risk of breakthrough of multi-resistant pathogens in haematology patients. PMID:23991697
Facteurs pronostiques des leucémies aiguës et des lymphomes
S de Botton; P Fenaux; B Quesnel
During the last two decades, striking advances in characterization and risk-adapted treatments of haematological malignancies have led to a substantial improvement in long-term survival rates. Thus, patients admitted in intensive care unit, either at diagnosis or during the first line therapy, should be managed as patients that could be potentially cured. The main prognostic factors are detailed in this review.
Article original Infection exprimentale du canard mulard
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
a été réalisée sur des canards mulards femelles (Cairina mos- chata x Anas platyrhynchos) recevant haematological and biochemical parameters. Eleven-day-old female Mule ducks (Cairina moschata x Anas platyrhynchos) were individually infected per os with a single inoculation contain- * Correspondance et tirés ŕ
Adult stem cell therapy beyond haemopoietic stem cell transplantation? An update
Jill Hows
The lifesaving potential of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of haematological malignancies and other life threatening disorders of the haemopoietic stem cell is universally accepted. In contrast, the use of adult marrow derived stem cells for tissue repair strategies in degenerative disease or after tissue damage are only in the early stages of evolution. A range of opinion
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
) Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Unemocnice 1, Praha 2 (Czechoslovakia) SUMMARY Drones, kept infection the drones were killed and the amount of the spores of the protozoan Nosema apis Z to the diseased drones. The authors discuss the possibilities of the production of pterins by the intestinal
Therapie mit Mistelextrakten bei malignen hämatologischen und lymphatischen Erkrankungen – eine monozentrische retrospektive Analyse über 16 Jahre
C. Stumpf; A. Rosenberger; S. Rieger; W. Tröger; M. Schietzel
SummaryMistle Toe Extracts in the Therapy of Malignant, Hematological and Lymphatic Diseases – a Unicentric, Retrospective Analysis over 16 Years Objective:The aim of the present investigation was to investigate potentials risks of treatment with mistletoe extracts in patients with malignant haematological and lymphatic diseases consulting the Tumour Ambulance of the Community Hospital Herdecke and to evaluate the therapeutic experiences with
Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia and Prophylaxis in Hematologic Malignancies: A Critical Review and Update
Villafuerte-Gutierrez, Paola; Villalon, Lucia; Losa, Juan E.; Henriquez-Camacho, Cesar
Febrile neutropenia is one of the most serious complications in patients with haematological malignancies and chemotherapy. A prompt identification of infection and empirical antibiotic therapy can prolong survival. This paper reviews the guidelines about febrile neutropenia in the setting of hematologic malignancies, providing an overview of the definition of fever and neutropenia, and categories of risk assessment, management of infections, and prophylaxis. PMID:25525436
Effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on laboratory housed pigs
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The pig is becoming an increasingly important laboratory animal species. However, a laboratory setting often requires individual and sterile housing, which may impose stress. The objective of this study was to determine physiological, haematological and behavioral effects of isolation and environmen...
Aplastic anaemia: an analysis of 174 patients
M. A. Mir; C. G. Geary
The authors summarize their experience with 174 patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) with particular reference to course, prognostic factors, conversion to other blood disorders, treatment and outcome. Aplastic anaemia was defined as pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow at some time during the illness. Seven patients terminated with acute leukaemia, 8 developed haematological features of sideroblastic anaemia and 5 showed a
Androgenic steroid effects on liver and red cells
M Alén
Haematological and hepatic effects of testosterone\\/anabolic steroid self-administration were investigated in five power athletes during 26 weeks of training. During steroid administration blood haematocrit had increased 9.6% (p less than .05) in the study group (n = 5), but not in the control group (n = 6). This erythropoietic phenomenon was supported by increased (p less than .05) RBC and
Toxicity of bone marrow in dentists exposed to nitrous oxide
B Sweeney; R M Bingham; R J Amos; A C Petty; P V Cole
The morphology of the bone marrow of 21 dentists who habitually used nitrous oxide in their surgeries was investigated. Exposure to nitrous oxide was measured with an atmospheric sampling device, and each dentist was invited to fill in a questionnaire giving details of medical history, diet, and intake of alcohol. During the trial a full neurological and haematological investigation was
Total glycolipid and glucosylceramide content in serum and urine of patients with Gaucher's disease type 3 before and after enzyme replacement therapy
Rosalba Gornati; Bruno Bembi; Xiaowei Tong; Rita Boscolo; Bruno Berra
The follow-up of Gaucher's patients under enzyme replacement therapy is generally based both on the clinical aspects and the evaluation of haematological parameters: haemoglobin level, platelet count, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Spleen and liver volumes are also reliable criteria for evaluating the improvement of the patients. The determination of glycolipid excretion in the urine and\\/or the quantification of glycolipids
Acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who live in Britain
M Brozovi?; S C Davies; A I Brownell
All acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who lived in the London borough of Brent and attended this hospital were analysed for a period of one year. Sixty three of the 211 patients who were followed up by the haematology department required 161 acute admissions during the year. Most admissions (126) were for the 42 patients with homozygous
Treatment of fibroadenomatosis in 14 cats with aglepristone – changes in blood parameters and follow-up
P. Jurka; A. Max
Fourteen female cats with fibroadenomatosis were treated with aglepristone, and the effectiveness of the treatment and its effect on selected haematological and blood chemistry parameters were studied. The cats were monitored for 12 months after the end of the treatment. Complete remission of the clinical signs was achieved on average 3·9 weeks after the treatment began; the success of the
The ferret, Mustela putorius furo , as a new species in toxicology
P. C. Thornton; Pauline A. Wright; P. J. Sacra; T. E. W. GOODIERt
Summary Comprehensive studies on the haematology, urine chemistry, serum chemistry and gross pathology have been carried out and reported. Seasonal weight changes were confirmed and were initiated, together with sexual activity, when ferrets were brought in to a constant temperature (18-19°C) and 14-hour daylight cycle during the winter months. Levels of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and haematocrit were higher than in most
Multiple myeloma: evolving genetic events and host interactions
W. Michael Kuehl; P. Leif Bergsagel
Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm of terminally differentiated B cells (plasma cells) in which chromosome translocations frequently place oncogenes under the control of immunoglobulin enhancers. Unlike most haematopoietic cancers, multiple myeloma often has complex chromosomal abnormalities that are reminiscent of epithelial tumours. What causes full-blown myeloma? And can our molecular understanding of this common haematological malignancy be used to develop
Investigations on the aetiology of pinching off syndrome in four white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Germany
Kerstin Müller; Elvira Schettler; Helga Gerlach; Leo Brunnberg; Hafez Mohamed Hafez; Kim Hattermann; Reimar Johne; Rainer Kollmann; Oliver Krone; Michael Lierz; Sonja Linke; Dörte Lueschow; Annette Mankertz; Hermann Müller; Christina Prusas; Rüdiger Raue; Dirk Soike; Stephanie Speck; Petra Wolf; Kai Frölich
The purpose of this study was to investigate the aetiology of the pinching off syndrome (POS), a generalized feather abnormality affecting free-living nestling of the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Europe. For the first time, extensive clinical, haematological, biochemical, virological, bacteriological, nutritional, histopathological, parasitological and electron microscopical examinations were performed on three females and one male suffering from POS.
[Veterinary aspects of the raising of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)].
Seidel, B
An empirical report outlines veterinary problems in Rocky Mountain Goats kept in climatic conditions of Central Europe. Described are therapeutic findings in the treatment of infections, parasitosis, disorders of the extremities, disturbances of reproduction, and injuries as well as haematological findings and experiences made during immobilization of Rocky Mountain Goats. PMID:2049057
Atypical respiratory distress in a newborn: a diagnostic dilemma.
Dey, Pranab Kumar; Mondal, Biswajit; Bagchi, Nilay Ranjan
Neonatal respiratory distress is a very common problem in our practice. The causes may be respiratory, cardiovascular, central, metabolic, haematological and surgical. The cause of distress due to transient myocardial depression is not very common in mild asphyxia. We present a case having transient myocardial depression with severe respiratory distress and features of shock in a mild asphyxiated baby. PMID:25135270
electronic reprint Acta Crystallographica Section D
Read, Randy J.
-4449 Editors: E. N. Baker and Z. Dauter Case-controlled structure validation Randy J. Read and Gerard J * and Gerard J. Kleywegtb a Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical D Biological Crystallography ISSN 0907-4449 Case-controlled structure validation Randy J. Reada
electronic reprint Acta Crystallographica Section D
Read, Randy J.
and Gerard J. Kleywegt Acta Cryst. (2009). D65, 0 Copyright c International Union of Crystallography Author-resolution structure determination and validation Randy J. Reada and Gerard J. Kleywegtb a Department of Haematology-4449 Editors: E. N. Baker and Z. Dauter Low-resolution structure determination and validation Randy J. Read
Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective?.
Shipton, Michael J; Thachil, Jecko
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition which can present with non-specific clinical features, and in severe cases with neurological or haematological abnormalities. Although classically caused by pernicious anaemia, this condition now accounts for a minority of cases and vitamin B12 deficiency occurs most often due to food-bound cobalamin malabsorption. Since missing the diagnosis can result in potentially severe complications, including degeneration of the spinal cord and pancytopaenia, vitamin B12 deficiency must be diagnosed early and managed appropriately. Intramuscular injections have been the mainstay of treatment, but oral replacement therapy can be effective in many cases. There is accumulating evidence that high vitamin B12 levels (values varied from 350-1,200 pmol/l) are associated with haematological and hepatic disorders, in particular with malignancy. This review focuses on the developments in the clinical features and management of vitamin B12 deficiency over the last decade. PMID:25824066
Spontaneous splenic rupture presenting as haemoperitoneum: coinfection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum
Agarwal, Akshay A; Sonkar, Abhinav; Kushwaha, Jitendra; Gaurav, Kushagra
Non-traumatic splenic rupture has been described in the medical literature as a clinical entity with grave consequences, if diagnosis and subsequent treatment are delayed. Various pathological reasons implicated in non-traumatic spontaneous splenic rupture have been described in literature ranging from infection, malignancy, metabolic disorders as well as haematological malignancies. This case reports a 30-year-old man who presented in the emergency department with complaints of fever and a sudden-onset abdominal pain with no history of trauma. At hospital admission, abdominal tenderness with splenomegaly was present with free fluid in abdomen. Haematological investigations established the coinfection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Radiological investigations revealed splenic laceration with moderate haemoperitoneum. The patient was managed conservatively with strict vital monitoring. Later on, elective splenectomy was performed. The authors report only the second case in literature with coinfection of plasmodium species presenting with haemoperitoneum. PMID:23616321
Cerebral atrophy in a vitamin B12-deficient infant of a vegetarian mother.
Kocaoglu, Celebi; Akin, Fatih; Caksen, Hüseyin; Böke, Saltuk Bu?ra; Arslan, Sükrü; Aygün, Serhat
In developed countries, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency usually occurs in children, exclusively breastfed ones whose mothers are vegetarian, causing low body stores of vitamin B12. The haematologic manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anaemia. It is a megaloblastic anaemia with high mean corpuscular volume and typical morphological features, such as hyperlobulation of the nuclei of the granulocytes. In advanced cases, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia can occur, simulating aplastic anaemia or leukaemia. In addition to haematological symptoms, infants may experience weakness, fatigue, failure to thrive, and irritability. Other common findings include pallor, glossitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, and icterus. Neurological symptoms may affect the central nervous system and, in severe cases, rarely cause brain atrophy. Here, we report an interesting case, a 12-month old infant, who was admitted with neurological symptoms and diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency. PMID:25076673
Moving cages further offshore: effects on southern bluefin tuna, T. maccoyii, parasites, health and performance.
Kirchhoff, Nicole T; Rough, Kirsty M; Nowak, Barbara F
The effects of offshore aquaculture on SBT health (particularly parasitic infections and haematology) and performance were the main aim of this study. Two cohorts of ranched Southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) were monitored throughout the commercial season, one maintained in the traditional near shore tuna farming zone and one maintained further offshore. SBT maintained offshore had reduced mortality, increased condition index at week 6 post transfer, reduced blood fluke and sealice loads, and haematological variables such as haemoglobin or lysozyme equal to or exceeding near shore maintained fish. The offshore cohort had no Cardicola forsteri and a 5% prevalence of Caligus spp., compared to a prevalence of 85% for Cardicola forsteri and 55% prevalence for Caligus spp. near shore at 6 weeks post transfer. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of commercial offshore sites on farmed fish parasites, health and performance. PMID:21901129
Recurrent Sphingomonas paucimobilis -bacteraemia associated with a multi-bacterial water-borne epidemic among neutropenic patients.
Perola, O; Nousiainen, T; Suomalainen, S; Aukee, S; Kärkkäinen, U-M; Kauppinen, J; Ojanen, T; Katila, M-L
A cluster of septicaemias due to several water-related species occurred in a haematological unit of a university hospital. In recurrent septicaemias of a leukaemic patient caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis, genotyping of the blood isolates by use of random amplified polymorphic DNA-analysis verified the presence of two distinct S. paucimobilis strains during two of the separate episodes. A strain of S. paucimobilis identical to one of the patient's was isolated from tap water collected in the haematological unit. Thus S. paucimobilis present in blood cultures was directly linked to bacterial colonization of the hospital water system. Heterogeneous finger-printing patterns among the clinical and environmental isolates indicated the distribution of a variety of S. paucimobilis clones in the hospital environment. This link also explained the multi-microbial nature of the outbreak. PMID:11886195
Disseminated tuberculosis masquerading primary myelodysplastic syndrome.
Shaharir, Syahrul Sazliyana; Tumian, Nor Rafeah; Yu Lin, Andrea Ban; Abdul Wahid, S Fadilah
Tuberculosis is notoriously known to be a great mimicker of other diseases and may cause various haematologic abnormalities, especially with marrow involvement. A 61-year-old man who presented with right empyema and pancytopenia was diagnosed to have disseminated tuberculosis supported by the presence of caseating granuloma with Langhan's giant cells in the marrow and demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in the pleural fluid. Trilineage dysplasia from marrow aspirate was initially attributed to be reactive to the infection. A cytogenetic study was repeated after he showed poor response to a year of anti-tuberculosis treatment. The underlying primary myelodysplastic syndrome was unmasked when his cytogenetics showed trisomy 8. This case report has demonstrated the various haematological manifestations of tuberculosis and highlighted the importance of cytogenetic study in differentiating between primary and secondary myelodysplastic marrow changes. PMID:23493009
Moving Cages Further Offshore: Effects on Southern Bluefin Tuna, T. maccoyii, Parasites, Health and Performance
Kirchhoff, Nicole T.; Rough, Kirsty M.; Nowak, Barbara F.
The effects of offshore aquaculture on SBT health (particularly parasitic infections and haematology) and performance were the main aim of this study. Two cohorts of ranched Southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) were monitored throughout the commercial season, one maintained in the traditional near shore tuna farming zone and one maintained further offshore. SBT maintained offshore had reduced mortality, increased condition index at week 6 post transfer, reduced blood fluke and sealice loads, and haematological variables such as haemoglobin or lysozyme equal to or exceeding near shore maintained fish. The offshore cohort had no Cardicola forsteri and a 5% prevalence of Caligus spp., compared to a prevalence of 85% for Cardicola forsteri and 55% prevalence for Caligus spp. near shore at 6 weeks post transfer. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of commercial offshore sites on farmed fish parasites, health and performance. PMID:21901129
Pathophysiology of white-nose syndrome in bats: a mechanistic model linking wing damage to mortality
Warnecke, Lisa; Turner, James M.; Bollinger, Trent K.; Misra, Vikram; Cryan, Paul M.; Blehert, David S.; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Willis, Craig K.R.
White-nose syndrome is devastating North American bat populations but we lack basic information on disease mechanisms. Altered blood physiology owing to epidermal invasion by the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans (Gd) has been hypothesized as a cause of disrupted torpor patterns of affected hibernating bats, leading to mortality. Here, we present data on blood electrolyte concentration, haematology and acid–base balance of hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus, following experimental inoculation with Gd. Compared with controls, infected bats showed electrolyte depletion (i.e. lower plasma sodium), changes in haematology (i.e. increased haematocrit and decreased glucose) and disrupted acid–base balance (i.e. lower CO2 partial pressure and bicarbonate). These findings indicate hypotonic dehydration, hypovolaemia and metabolic acidosis. We propose a mechanistic model linking tissue damage to altered homeostasis and morbidity/mortality.
Benchmark dose approach for low-level lead induced haematogenesis inhibition and associations of childhood intelligences with ALAD activity and ALA levels.
Wang, Q; Ye, L X; Zhao, H H; Chen, J W; Zhou, Y K
Lead (Pb) levels, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activities, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels in blood, and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin (CP) concentrations were measured for 318 environmental Pb exposed children recruited from an area of southeast China. The mean of blood lead (PbB) levels was 75.0?g/L among all subjects. Benchmark dose (BMD) method was conducted to present a lower PbB BMD (lower bound of BMD) of 32.4?g/L (22.7) based on ALAD activity than those based on the other three haematological indices, corresponding to a benchmark response of 1%. Childhood intelligence degrees were not associated significantly with ALAD activities or ALA levels. It was concluded that blood ALAD activity is a sensitive indicator of early haematological damage due to low-level Pb exposures for children. PMID:21334730
Cerebral Atrophy in a Vitamin B12-deficient Infant of a Vegetarian Mother
Akin, Fatih; Çaksen, Hüseyin; Böke, Saltuk Bu?ra; Arslan, ?ükrü; Aygün, Serhat
ABSTRACT In developed countries, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency usually occurs in children, exclusively breastfed ones whose mothers are vegetarian, causing low body stores of vitamin B12. The haematologic manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anaemia. It is a megaloblastic anaemia with high mean corpuscular volume and typical morphological features, such as hyperlobulation of the nuclei of the granulocytes. In advanced cases, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia can occur, simulating aplastic anaemia or leukaemia. In addition to haematological symptoms, infants may experience weakness, fatigue, failure to thrive, and irritability. Other common findings include pallor, glossitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, and icterus. Neurological symptoms may affect the central nervous system and, in severe cases, rarely cause brain atrophy. Here, we report an interesting case, a 12-month old infant, who was admitted with neurological symptoms and diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency. PMID:25076673
Therapeutic activity of crude ethanolic extract of Artemisia herba alba against Trypanosoma evansi in rabbits
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Awad, Fathy M.; Hasan, Zainal Abidin Abu; Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf; Ibrahim, Nazlina
The present work was conducted to evaluate the antitrypanosomal efficacy of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) of the aerial parts of Artemisia herba alba against Trypanosoma evansi infection in an animal model. The results indicated low levels of parasitaemia in rabbits administered with crude ethanolic extract (CEE) compared to those from the negative control group. Similarly, there was also haematologically significant difference (p<0.05) where low mean levels of packed cell volume (PCV) was observed in Groups 1-4 respectively. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in almost all investigated parameters between positive control and treatment groups of animals. In conclusion, both CEE of A. herba-alba and Berenil® showed relatively a parasitaemia and normal haematological values in infected rabbits, thereby confirming their antiparasitic properties.
Osteomyelitis of the tibia following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
O'Neill, Barry J.; Molloy, Alan P.; McCarthy, Tom
INTRODUCTION Osteomyelitis following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is extremely rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a thirty year old man who presented with pain in his proximal tibia six years after ACL reconstruction. Haematological investigations were normal. He was diagnosed with osteomyelitis of his proximal tibia. He was successfully treated with washout and debridement of his tibial tunnel. DISCUSSION This case highlights the need to exclude osteomyelitis as a late complication of ACL reconstruction in patients with proximal tibial pain. We also report on an unusual pathogen as casue of osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION Osteomyelitis in a tibial tunnel can present as a late complication of ACL reconstruction, even in the presence of normal haematological investigations. PMID:23274848
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in blood and tissue of striped mullet in two Italian lakes.
Fazio, Francesco; Piccione, Giuseppe; Tribulato, Katia; Ferrantelli, Vincenzo; Giangrosso, Giuseppe; Arfuso, Francesca; Faggio, Caterina
Water and sediment from Faro and Ganzirri lakes were tested for cadmium, mercury, and lead. These heavy metals have been assessed in serum and muscles of Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus. A haemogram was performed to find effects of heavy metals on haematological variables. Student's t-test showed higher Pb levels in sediments of Ganzirri Lake than Faro Lake. Two-way analysis of variance showed higher Cd and Pb concentration in muscles samples of Striped Mullet from Ganzirri Lake than from Faro Lake. Significant differences were found among haematological parameters as well. Mullet from Ganzirri Lake had lower white and red blood cell and trombocyte counts and higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration than those from Faro Lake. Our results indicate a significant presence of lead in the environmental produces an accumulation of this metal in fish muscles. PMID:25369146
Patterns of domestic migrations and access to childhood cancer care centres in Italy: a report from the hospital based registry of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP).
Dama, Elisa; Rondelli, Roberto; De Rosa, Marisa; Aricň, Maurizio; Carli, Modesto; Bellani, Franca Fossati; Magnani, Corrado; Merletti, Franco; Pastore, Guido; Pession, Andrea
Tertiary care centres, grouped in the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (AIEOP) are unevenly distributed across the country. In an attempt to describe their perceived efficacy, we matched the residence and the location of the treatment centre in 18,441 patients aged
Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance
V. Krcmery; A. J. Barnes
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35–65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population. They occur more frequently in cancer patients, mainly in those with haematological malignancies and bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (40–70%), but are less common among intensive care unit (ITU) and surgical patients (35–55%), children (1–35%) or HIV-positive patients (0–33%). The proportion of NAC species among Candida
Experimental Tribulus terrestris poisoning in goats
M. R. Aslani; A. R. Movassaghi; M. Mohri; V. Ebrahim-pour; A. N. Mohebi
Seven, 1–2-year-old native goats were fed dried Tribulus terrestris from Sabzevar district of Khorasan province for 8 weeks. Two goats showed clinical signs of toxicity including weight loss, depression, ruminal stasis, icterus and elevation of body temperature. Haematological and biochemical trails revealed a declining of packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma total protein and elevation of total and direct bilirubin,
Changes in von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS-13) in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing valve replacement or balloon valvuloplasty.
Bander, Jeffrey; Elmariah, Sammy; Aledort, Louis M; Dlott, Jeffrey; Stelzer, Paul; Halperin, Jonathan L; Kini, Annapoorna S; Sharma, Samin K
It was the objective of this study to determine whether reduced cleavage of von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers following aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a consequence of reduced shear stress or postoperative changes in VWF cleavage protease (ADAMTS-13) activity. Aortic stenosis (AS) may be complicated by acquired von Willebrand disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) corrects the associated haematologic abnormalities. We enrolled 114 patients with severe AS scheduled for either balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV; n=64) or AVR (n=50). Haematologic assessments of VWF levels and activity and ADAMTS-13 were performed before and 24 hours after valve intervention. The VWF:RCo to VWF:Ag ratio, a surrogate for large VWF multimer activity, increased by 37% (p < 0.0001) after AVR and by 10% (p = 0.0002) after BAV. ADAMTS-13 activity significantly decreased after AVR (579 ± 127 to 468 ± 135 ng/ml; p<0.0001), but not after BAV (484 ± 153 to 529 ± 185 ng/ml; p = 0.10). By multivariable analysis, the change in VWF:RCo ratio after AVR was more strongly associated with the fall in ADAMTS-13 than with reduction of valve gradient; whereas the change in gradient better predicted the rise in VWF:RCo after BAV. In conclusion, both BAV and AVR reverse the haematological abnormalities of the acquired von Willebrand syndrome of AS and ADAMTS-13 levels decrease after AVR. These findings suggest that a portion of the haematologic benefit of AVR may be due to a postoperative decline in ADAMTS-13 rather than solely to relief of AS as previously thought. PMID:22627470
Leucine-rich repeat protein PRAME: expression, potential functions and clinical implications for leukaemia
Frances Wadelin; Joel Fulton; Paul A McEwan; Keith A Spriggs; Jonas Emsley; David M Heery
PRAME\\/MAPE\\/OIP4 is a germinal tissue-specific gene that is also expressed at high levels in haematological malignancies and solid tumours. The physiological functions of PRAME in normal and tumour cells are unknown, although a role in the regulation of retinoic acid signalling has been proposed. Sequence homology and structural predictions suggest that PRAME is related to the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family
The Bambuí health and ageing study (BHAS): methodological approach and preliminary results of a population-based cohort study of the elderly in Brazil* Estudo de Bambuí sobre saúde e envelhecimento: metodologia e resultados preli- minares de coorte de estudo de idosos no Brasil
Maria Fernanda F Lima; Elizabeth Uchoa; Henrique L Guerra; Pedro G Vidigal; Sandhi M Barreto
Objective A cohort study has been designed to identify predictors of adverse health events in the elderly. The methodology of the study and preliminary descriptive results are presented. Methods The study population comprises all residents of Bambuí (Minas Gerais, Brazil), aged 60 or more years (n=1.742). From these, 92.2% were interviewed and 85.9% underwent clinical examination, consisting of haematological and
Metastatic breast cancer – ASCO 2010
R. Bartsch; R. Ziebermayr
Summary BACKGROUND: In the ASCO Annual Meeting, important recent developments in haematology and oncology were presented. In the 2010\\u000a ASCO meeting, interest in the field of metastatic breast cancer focused on Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors\\u000a and novel treatment options in Her2-positive disease. METHODS: For this review article, authors searched proceedings of the\\u000a 2010 ASCO Annual Meeting. Abstracts providing important new insights were
Effects of rearing temperature on immune functions in sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka )
Stewart W. Alcorn; Anthony L. Murray; Ronald J. Pascho
To determine if the defences of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) raised in captivity are affected by the rearing temperature or their life-cycle stage, various indices of the humoral and cellular immune functions were measured in fish reared at either 8 or 12°C for their entire life-cycle. Measures of humoral immunity included the commonly used haematological parameters, as well as measurements
Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) juveniles
D. Montero; L. Tort; L. Robaina; J. M. Vergara; M. S. Izquierdo
This study investigates the effect of dietary vitamin E on juveniles of gilthead seabream under stressful situations, focusing on the effects on growth, haematology, some immune parameters and plasma cortisol as indicators of stress. Two sardine meal-based experimental diets, one of them supplemented with 150mg of alpha tocopherol kg?1of diet (control) and another one without vitamin E supplementation (diet NE),
Bmi1 is essential for cerebellar development and is overexpressed in human medulloblastomas
Carly Leung; Merel Lingbeek; Olga Shakhova; James Liu; Ellen Tanger; Parvin Saremaslani; Maarten van Lohuizen; Silvia Marino
Overexpression of the polycomb group gene Bmi1 promotes cell proliferation and induces leukaemia through repression of Cdkn2a (also known as ink4a\\/Arf) tumour suppressors. Conversely, loss of Bmi1 leads to haematological defects and severe progressive neurological abnormalities in which de-repression of the ink4a\\/Arf locus is critically implicated. Here, we show that Bmi1 is strongly expressed in proliferating cerebellar precursor cells in
Comparative study of chronic toxic effects of daunorubicin and doxorubicin in rabbits
Ivona Klimtová; Yvona Mazurová; Radomír Hrdina; Vladimír Geršl; Michaela Adamcová
This study compares the chronic toxicity of two anthracyclines–daunorubicin and doxorubicin, commonly used for induction of anthracycline cardiomyopathy in the rabbit model. Such a comparative study has not been published until now. Both drugs were administered intravenously to male Chinchilla rabbits in doses at 3 mg\\/ kg (50 mg\\/m2) once weekly for 10 weeks. Selected biochemical, haematological and cardiovascular parameters
Assessment of splenic function
A. P. N. A. de Porto; A. J. J. Lammers; R. J. Bennink; I. J. M. ten Berge; P. Speelman; J. B. L. Hoekstra
Hyposplenic patients are at risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), which carries mortality of up to 70%.\\u000a Therefore, preventive measures are warranted. However, patients with diminished splenic function are difficult to identify.\\u000a In this review we discuss immunological, haematological and scintigraphic parameters that can be used to measure splenic function.\\u000a IgM memory B cells are a potential parameter for assessing
A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine: Current Practice Edited by: R. D. Mann, M. D. Rawlins and R. M. Auty, Parthenon Publishing Group, London, 1900. 461 pages. Price Ł85 Clinical Application of Leukocyte Depletion S. Sekiguchi (Editor) Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, 1993. Price Ł35 Self-Assessment in Clinical Haematology J. A. Holmes, S. E. Kinsey, C. A. Ludlam, D. K. Webb, J. A. Whittaker. Wolfe Publishing Ltd, 136 pages. Price Ł18.95. PMID:21043644
Determination of normal blood biochemistry (electrolytes and non-electrolytes) values in mature Huso huso in spring
Davar Shahsavani; Mehrdad Mohri; Maryam Shirazian; Hosna Gholipour-Kanani
Knowledge of fish haematology can provide information supportive of a wide variety of uses. These studies have generally been\\u000a used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor physiological and pathological changes in fish, especially in the management\\u000a of endangered species such as Huso huso. In this study, 12 biochemical parameters in mature H. huso were measured. Serum samples of
The effects of dietary inactive brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus on the growth, physiological responses and gut microbiota of juvenile beluga ( Huso huso)
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar; Alireza Mirvaghefi; Daniel L. Merrifield
A study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary commercial inactive brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus on the growth performance, survival rate, haematology, serum biochemical parameters and the intestinal microbiota of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Beluga juveniles (11.44±0.56g) were randomly allocated into 9 oval tanks (350L) at a density of 35 fish per tank and triplicate groups
Serum levels of leptin in Nigerian patients with sickle cell anaemia
Bamidele A Iwalokun; Senapon O Iwalokun; Semande O Hodonu; Ayoola O Aina; Phillip U Agomo
Background Several studies have shown that the pathophysiology of homozygous sickle cell anaemia (SCA) results in a myriad of metabolic,\\u000a nutritional, haematological and clinical effects that interact with other co-morbid factors to determine the quality of life\\u000a and life expectancy of afflicted patients. Because of its critical roles in nutrition and metabolism, inflammation, haematopoiesis\\u000a and cellular immunity, this study determined the
Survival predictors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
V. Hespanhol; H. Queiroga; A. Magalhăes; A. R. Santos; M. Coelho; A. Marques
The authors studied the influence on survival of 21 clinical, anatomical, haematological and biochemical factors evaluated, at diagnosis, of 411 patients (pts) with advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) followed in our department between 1984 and 1990. Most of the patients were male (347-84.4%) and only 64 (15.6%) were females. Median age was 62 years, but was slightly higher
Evaluation of chlorhexidine and silver-sulfadiazine impregnated central venous catheters for the prevention of bloodstream infection in leukaemic patients: a randomized controlled trial
C. Logghe; Ch. Van Ossel; W. D'Hoore; H. Ezzedine; G. Wauters; J. J. Haxhe
It has been suggested that central venous catheters impregnated with antiseptics such as chlohexidine and silver-sulfadiazine reduce the risk of catheter-related bacteraemia in intensive care patients. Patients suffering from haematologic malignancy treated by chemotherapy through a central venous catheter are at even greater sisk of catheter-related bacteraemia. A prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in order to investigate the
Estimations of BCR-ABL/ABL transcripts by quantitative PCR in chronic myeloid leukaemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion.
Otazú, Ivone B; Tavares, Rita de Cassia B; Hassan, Rocío; Zalcberg, Ilana; Tabak, Daniel G; Seuánez, Héctor N
Serial assays of qualitative (multiplex and nested) and quantitative PCR were carried out for detecting and estimating the level of BCR-ABL transcripts in 39 CML patients following bone marrow transplantation. Seven of these patients, who received donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) following to relapse, were also monitored. Quantitative estimates of BCR-ABL transcripts were obtained by co-amplification with a competitor sequence. Estimates of ABL transcripts were used, an internal control and the ratio BCR-ABL/ABL was thus estimated for evaluating the kinetics of residual clones. Twenty four patients were followed shortly after BMT; two of these patients were in cytogenetic relapse coexisting with very high BCR-ABL levels while other 22 were in clinical, haematologic and cytogenetic remission 2-42 months after BMT. In this latter group, seven patients showed a favourable clinical-haematological progression in association with molecular remission while in 14 patients quantitative PCR assays indicated molecular relapse that was not associated with an early cytogenetic-haematologic relapse. BCR-ABL/ABL levels could not be correlated with presence of GVHD in 24 patients after BMT. In all seven patients treated with DLI, high levels of transcripts were detected at least 4 months before the appearance of clinical haematological relapse. Following DLI, five of these patients showed decreasing transcript levels from 2 to 5 logs between 4 and 12 months. In eight other patients studied long after BMT, five showed molecular relapse up to 117 months post-BMT and only one showed cytogenetic relapse. Our findings indicated that quantitative estimates of BCR-ABL transcripts were valuable for monitoring minimal residual disease in each patient. PMID:11755463
Canine gastrinoma: A case study and literature review of therapeutic options
SM Hughes
CASE HISTORY: A 6.2 kg, 8-year-old, spayed female Australian Terrier was presented with weight loss, inappetence, lethargy and a 2-day history of intermittent vomiting.CLINICAL FINDINGS: The dog had cranial abdominal pain and there was melaena present on digital rectal examination. Haematology revealed a marked, acute leucogram.DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: Fasting serum gastrin levels were markedly elevated and gastrinoma was suspected. Treatment
Human mismatch repair, drug-induced DNA damage, and secondary cancer
Peter Karran; Judith Offman; Margherita Bignami
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an important replication error avoidance mechanism that prevents mutation. The association of defective MMR with familial and sporadic gastrointestinal and endometrial cancer has been acknowledged for some years. More recently, it has become apparent that MMR defects are common in acute myeloid leukaemia\\/myelodysplastic syndrome (AML\\/MDS) that follows successful chemotherapy for a primary malignancy. Therapy-related haematological
Targeting HSP90 for cancer therapy
D Mahalingam; R Swords; J S Carew; S T Nawrocki; K Bhalla; F J Giles
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that regulate protein folding to ensure correct conformation and translocation and to avoid protein aggregation. Heat-shock proteins are increased in many solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Many oncogenic proteins responsible for the transformation of cells to cancerous forms are client proteins of HSP90. Targeting HSP90 with chemical inhibitors would degrade these oncogenic proteins, and
For better or for worse: the role of Pim oncogenes in tumorigenesis
Martijn C. Nawijn; Andrej Alendar; Anton Berns
Pim oncogenes are overexpressed in a wide range of tumours from a haematological and epithelial origin. Pim genes encode serine\\/threonine kinases that have been shown to counteract the increased sensitivity to apoptosis induction that is associated with MYC-driven tumorigenesis. Recently, considerable progress has been made in characterizing the pathways of PIM-mediated survival signalling. Given the unique structure of their active
Hepatitis B transmission from contaminated cryopreservation tank
R. S Tedder; M. A Zuckerman; N. S Brink; A. H Goldstone; A Fielding; S Blair; K. G Patterson; A. E Hawkins; A. M Gormon; J Heptonstall; D Irwin
Over a 25-month period, six multiply transfused patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment for haematological or other malignant disorders developed icteric acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Bone marrow or peripheral-blood stem cells had been harvested from all six patients and stored in the same cryopreservation tank for possible future transplantation. Human DNA, HBsAg, and HBV DNA with sequences identical to those
Outbreak of nosocomial infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-4 beta-lactamase
G. Arletl; M. J. Sanson-le Pors; M. Rouveau; G. Fournier; O. Marie; B. Schlemmer; A. Philippon
One hundred and fifty-four clinical isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniae resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam and amikacin were responsible for an outbreak of nosocomial infections lasting eight months in a university hospital in Paris. This outbreak occurred in the intensive care unit (39 patients), haematology units (8 patients) and surgical and medical units (11 patients). Antibiotic resistant strains were isolated from the
Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus in songklanagarind hospital: a potential unique subgroup
P. Vachvanichsanong; P. Dissaneewate
Twenty systemic lupus erythematosus patients under the age of 16 who had attended the Pediatric Department of Songklanagarind Hospital in the period 1985–1991 were reviewed retrospectively. The most common complaints were fever, allopecia, malar rash and oedema. The girl\\/boy ratio was 2.3\\/1. There were many unusual presentations such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, psoriasis, rheumatoid nodules, papillitis and pseudotumor cerebri. Nephritis, haematological
Chorea disclosing deterioration of polycythaemia vera
Nazabal, E. R.; Lopez, J. M.; Perez, P. A.; Del Corral, P. R.
Neurological manifestations occur frequently in polycythaemia. Chorea, however, is a rare complication of the disease. A case of chorea in a patient previously diagnosed with polycythaemia vera is reported. Choreic movements started after measurement of haematological variables showed deterioration. It was considered that this was caused by inappropriate treatment with iron because the chorea was markedly reduced after the two first venesections and normalisation of the packed cell volume and haemoglobin parameters.???Keywords: chorea; polycythaemia vera PMID:11009585
Disseminated mucormycosis in a paediatric patient: Lichthemia corymbifera successfully treated with combination antifungal therapy
Campbell, Anita; Cooper, Celia; Davis, Stephen
Mucormycosis is a severe fungal infection that largely affects immunocompromised individuals. It carries a high morbidity and mortality rate and is characterised by extensive angioinvasion and necrosis of host tissue. This case report details success in treating disseminated mucormycosis in a paediatric patient with an underlying haematological malignancy. Treatment included institution of combination antifungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin, aggressive surgical debridement of infected tissue and reversal of underlying immunosuppression. PMID:25379392
S. Gerber; L. Ollivier; J. Leclčre; D. Vanel; G. Missenard; H. Brisse; G. de Pinieux; S. Neuenschwander
All components of the sacrum (bone, cartilage, bone marrow, meninges, nerves, notochord remnants, etc.) can give rise to benign\\u000a or malignant tumours. Bone metastases and intraosseous sites of haematological malignancies, lymphoma and multiple myeloma\\u000a are the most frequent aetiologies, while primary bone tumours and meningeal or nerve tumours are less common. Some histological\\u000a types have a predilection for the sacrum,
Comparative Biochemistry of Marsupial Erythrocytes: A Review
N. S. Agar; N. B. Reinke; I. R. Godwin; P. W. Kuchel
: Although extensive studies have been performed on human erythrocytes, there is a shortage of information on marsupial erythrocytes.\\u000a Studies on haematology and biochemistry are useful in the ecomanagement of these animals especially those in wildlife parks\\u000a and zoos. The present review summarises our findings from ?30 species of marsupials. As marsupials show great diversity in\\u000a physical and behavioural characteristics,
Partial splenectomy in cystic fibrosis patients with hypersplenism.
Thalhammer, G H; Eber, E; Uranüs, S; Pfeifer, J; Zach, M S
We report three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with hypersplenism who underwent partial splenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful in two patients; one patient developed a complication necessitating resection of the rest of the spleen. Haematological parameters improved and oesophageal varices regressed in all patients. On follow up, one patient showed a normal spleen, the other a normally functioning accessory spleen; the third patient again developed splenomegaly with hypersplenism. Partial splenectomy is a promising therapeutic option for CF patients with hypersplenism. PMID:12538318
Partial splenectomy in cystic fibrosis patients with hypersplenism
Thalhammer, G; Eber, E; Uranus, S; Pfeifer, J; Zach, M; Kelly, D; de Ville, de Goyet J
We report three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with hypersplenism who underwent partial splenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful in two patients; one patient developed a complication necessitating resection of the rest of the spleen. Haematological parameters improved and oesophageal varices regressed in all patients. On follow up, one patient showed a normal spleen, the other a normally functioning accessory spleen; the third patient again developed splenomegaly with hypersplenism. Partial splenectomy is a promising therapeutic option for CF patients with hypersplenism. PMID:12538318
Body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular adjustments during submaximal exercise: influence of chewing coca leaves
Hilde Spielvogel; Armando Rodriguez; Brigitte Sempore; Esperanza Caceres; Jean-Marie Cottet-Emard; Laurent Guillon; Roland Favier
The present study was undertaken to determine the haematological and cardiovascular status, at rest and during prolonged\\u000a (1?h) submaximal exercise (approximately 70% of peak oxygen uptake) in a group (n?=?12) of chronic coca users after chewing approximately 50?g of coca leaves. The results were compared to those obtained\\u000a in a group (n?=?12) of nonchewers. At rest, coca chewing was accompanied
Enzyme replacement therapy and bony changes in Egyptian paediatric Gaucher disease patients
A. El-Beshlawy; L. Ragab; I. Youssry; K. Yakout; H. El-Kiki; K. Eid; I. M. Mansour; S. Abd El-Hamid; M. Yang; P. K. Mistry
Summary Background. In Gaucher disease, the infiltration of the bone marrow by glucocerebroside-laden macrophages (Gaucher cells) triggers a\\u000a diverse pattern of skeletal disease that results in crippling complications. Reliable ascertainment of the severity and pattern\\u000a of skeletal disease is essential to determine disease status and the response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Although\\u000a there is ample documentation of reversal of haematological
Penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease in Brent
D Cummins; R Heuschkel; S C Davies
OBJECTIVE--To assess compliance with oral penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease and identify possible reasons for poor compliance. DESIGN--Closed questionnaires given to parents of children with sickle cell disease and general practitioners in Brent. Urine samples from 23 children were tested for penicillin. SETTING--Paediatric haematology clinic, Central Middlesex Hospital, and general practices in Brent. SUBJECTS--50 children (aged less
An unusual case of pneumocephalus.
Bhogal, P; Bhatnagar, G; Manieson, J; Booth, T; Prendergast, C
The authors present an unusual cause of pneumocephalus in a previously fit and well female octogenarian who presented with acute onset altered level of consciousness and generalised weakness. Radiological imaging demonstrated widespread cerebritis with pneumocephalus and gas within the superior sagittal sinus. Blood culture grew Clostridium septicum, a virulent but rare organism that can infect normal tissues. The close association between C septicum and both haematological and bowel malignancies must be considered if this organism is cultured. PMID:22673713
Clinical and molecular characterization of 40 patients with Noonan syndrome
Giovanni Battista Ferrero; Giuseppina Baldassarre; Angelo Giovanni Delmonaco; Elisa Biamino; Elena Banaudi; Claudio Carta; Cesare Rossi; Margherita Cirillo Silengo
Noonan syndrome (NS, OMIM 163950) is an autosomal dominant disorder, with a prevalence at birth of 1:1000–1:2500 live births, characterized by short stature, facial and skeletal dysmorphisms, cardiovascular defects and haematological anomalies. Missense mutations of PTPN11 gene account for approximately 50% of NS cases, while molecular lesions of other genes of the RAS\\/MAPK pathway –KRAS, SOS1 and RAF1 – play
Prospective study of bacteraemia in cancer patients
M. C. Escande; R. Herbrecht
We performed a prospective assessment of the current epidemiology of bacteraemia in cancer patients hospitalized in 70 different\\u000a adult and paediatric haematology and oncology departments. Over a 1-month period, microbiologists from 54 hospitals collected\\u000a clinical data relating to patients with at least one positive blood culture. In addition, all strains isolated were assessed\\u000a for their in vitro susceptibility to three
Practical experience with the implementation of an athlete's biological profile in athletics, cycling, football and swimming.
Zorzoli, M; Pipe, A; Garnier, P Y; Vouillamoz, M; Dvorak, J
The introduction of the athlete's biological passport (ABP) has been a milestone in the fight against doping. The ABP is a collection of measurements of different biological parameters influenced by the administration of doping agents through the time and for each athlete. Two different modules have been developed and validated so far: the haematological module, which aims to identify enhancement of oxygen transport, including use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and any form of blood transfusion or manipulation, which became effective in 2010; and the steroidal module, which intends to detect the use of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids when administered exogenously and other anabolic agents, which was introduced in 2014. Prior to the implementation of the haematological module, it is important to define an athlete's testing pool on whom to collect blood and/or urine in-competition and out-of-competition (for the steroidal module, this is irrelevant because all collected urine samples will be subjected to analysis for the steroidal variables) and to be compliant with the strict requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency ABP Operating Guidelines. The established individual profile can be used either to target traditional antidoping tests (recombinant erythropoietins, or homologous blood transfusion tests for the haematological module; isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for the steroidal module) or to support an antidoping rule violation due to the use of a forbidden substance or method. In this article, we present the experience of four major International Federations which have implemented an ABP programme, focusing on the haematological module. They constitute examples which could be followed by other antidoping organisations wishing to introduce this new, efficient and innovative antidoping tool. PMID:24648438
HCV and HGV in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Volker Ellenrieder; Hans Weidenbach; Norbert Frickhofen; Detlef Michel; Otto Prümmer; Stefan Klatt; Oliver Bernas; Thomas Mertens; Guido Adler; Karlheinz Beckh
Background\\/Aims: A causative role of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) has been discussed in the pathogenesis of mixed cryoglobulinaemia and in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No data are available concerning the newly discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) and extrahepatic manifestations such as haematological malignancies. But, HCV and HGV most probably belong to the same family of Flavivirus. Consequently, we looked for
Retrospective study of clinical and hematological aspects associated with dogs naturally infected by Hepatozoon canis in Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Chhabra, Sushma; Uppal, Sanjeev Kumar; Singla, Lachhman Das
Objective To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis (H. canis) presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana. Methods Blood films of 34 naturally infected dogs were examined for haematological alterations and parasitaemia. Signalment and clinical signs were recorded from the animals. Clinical histories were filled out during the consultation. Results Of the 34 positive dogs by Giemsa stained peripheral blood films, 88.23% presented parasitaemia by H. canis only, while 11.77% had the combination of H. canis, Babesia sp. and Ehrlichia sp. Young male dogs less than one-year-old, of non-descript breed, were the most commonly affected. And 26.47% were presented with anorexia/inappetence as the only clinical symptom. Other clinical symptoms were mild to moderate fever, pale mucosae and lethargy; a few were also showing the signs of vomiting and diarrhoea. Haematological alterations showed mainly normochromic-normocytic anaemia, leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Conclusions The findings of this study substantiate that H. canis caused clinical and haematological alterations of the varied intensity in dogs, even with low parasitaemia, should be taken into consideration. PMID:23730562
The histological diagnosis of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies
Lee, Andrew H S
This study aims to review histological and immunohistochemical features that are useful in the diagnosis of metastases to the breast. Histological features were compared between non?haematological metastases to the breast and 100 consecutive core biopsy specimens of primary invasive carcinomas of the breast. 18 non?haematological metastases to the breast were diagnosed over a 10?year period (0.3% of malignant mammary tumours). Elastosis and carcinoma in situ were seen only in primary mammary cancers. Two?thirds of tumours had features raising the possibility of metastasis, such as clear cell carcinoma suggestive of renal origin and small cell carcinoma suggestive of pulmonary origin. The features observed in haematological metastases are also described. Immunohistochemical panels to distinguish mammary carcinoma (oestrogen receptor, gross cystic fluid protein?15) from common metastases to the breast, including carcinoma of the lung (thyroid transcription factor?1), malignant melanoma (S100, HMB45, melan?A) and ovarian serous papillary carcinoma (Wilms' tumour 1), are discussed. The pathologist has a key role in considering the diagnosis of metastasis to the breast if the histological features are unusual for a primary mammary tumour. The clinical history is vital in some cases. Immunohistochemistry plays a useful supplementary role. PMID:18042689
Some aspects of erythrocyte metabolism in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.
Comazzi, S; Paltrinieri, S; Spagnolo, V; Sartorelli, P
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a common metabolic disease often complicated by a number of pathological conditions among which are haematological changes and alterations in blood cell function. Human and feline diabetes mellitus patients have been reported to be associated with oxidative stress that can lead to membrane alterations and to reduced erythrocyte life-span. Erythrocyte function in dogs affected by IDDM has been investigated during insulin therapy, paying attention to antioxidant status, membrane resistance, enzyme activities and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) concentration. Thirteen diabetic and 36 healthy dogs were bled and haematology and blood chemistry assays were performed to evaluate the degree of compensation. Osmotic fragility, the activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate-kinase (PK) and the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and 2,3DPG were evaluated in the erythrocytes. Diabetic dogs did not differ from controls in terms of haematological parameters, except for higher numbers of platelets. Higher values of fructosamine, glucose, protein, plasma potassium and calculated osmolality were detected in the plasma from diabetic dogs. No differences were detected in osmotic fragility, GSH concentration and PK activity between the two groups but 2,3DPG concentration and G6PD activity were statistically significantly higher in the diabetic group. The results indicate minimal alterations in erythrocyte functions occur in insulin-treated diabetic dogs. This contrasts with what has been reported for IDDM humans and cats. PMID:12002634
Predictors of delay in diagnosis and treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and impact on survival.
Nikonova, Anna; Guirguis, Hany R; Buckstein, Rena; Cheung, Matthew C
There is a paucity of data on the impact of diagnostic and treatment delays on outcomes in haematological malignancies, particularly in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Our database of patients treated for DLBCL between 2002 and 2010 was interrogated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic or disease-specific variables and delays. Cox Regression analysis was used to discern the impact of delays on survival. Patients (n = 278) waited a median of 4 weeks before seeking medical attention. It took a median of 8 weeks for a non-haematology physician to diagnose DLBCL and refer to a haematologist. A median of 3 weeks elapsed between specialist consultation and chemotherapy initiation. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, bone marrow involvement [odds ratio (OR) = 0·41, P = 0·018], Charlson comorbidity index (OR = 1·42, P = 0·017) and urgent inpatient chemotherapy (OR = 0·40, P = 0·012) were associated with diagnostic delays >6 weeks. Lack of pathological diagnosis at the time of haematology referral was the only factor that independently predicted for treatment delays >4 weeks (OR = 8·25, P < 0·01). Diagnostic or treatment delays did not impact survival or progression-free survival. In conclusion, selected disease and patient-related factors are associated with delays in management of DLBCL, but do not impact outcomes. PMID:25324181
How does the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula, responds to long-term heavy metal contamination? -- A case study.
Marques, Carla Cristina; Sánchez-Chardi, Alejandro; Gabriel, Sofia Isabel; Nadal, Jacint; Viegas-Crespo, Ana Maria; da Luz Mathias, Maria
Heavy metals accumulation in parallel with the evaluation of physiological and biochemical effects resulting from continued metal exposure were considered here using for the first time the great white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula as an in vivo model. Shrews were originated from an abandoned lead/zinc mining area and from a reference area, both in Alentejo, southern Portugal. Hepatic contents of nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Haematological parameters (white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit) were obtained in a Coulter Counter Analyser and biochemical markers of the redox balance (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) activities were measured spectrophotometrically using a Duo-50 spectrophotometer. Compared with control animals, significantly higher concentration of hepatic cadmium (9.29 vs. 1.18 micorg/g dry weight) and nickel (1.56 vs. 0.343 microg/g dry weight) were detected in the shrews collected in the mining area. However, no significant changes were observed on haematological or enzymatic parameters in animals exposed to metal pollution. The obtained results show that shrews are good bioaccumulators of toxic heavy metals, but very tolerant to their effects, revealing an interesting long-term adaptation to polluted environments. In addition, this study provides reference values for haematological parameters and antioxidant enzymes levels in C. russula, which may be relevant for comparative purposes in further studies. PMID:17321569
Sequelae and survivorship in patients treated with 131I-MIBG therapy
Sze, W C C; Grossman, A B; Goddard, I; Amendra, D; Shieh, S C C; Plowman, P N; Drake, W M; Akker, S A; Druce, M R
Background: 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) has been in therapeutic use since 1980s. Newer treatment modalities are emerging for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and chromaffin cell tumours (CCTs), but many of these do not yet have adequate long-term follow-up to determine their longer term efficacy and sequelae. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with metastatic NETs and CCTs who had received 131I-MIBG therapy between 2000 and 2011 were analysed. Survival and any long-term haematological or renal sequelae were investigated. Results: In the NET group, the overall median survival and median survival following the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 124 months. The median survival following the commencement of 131I-MIBG was 66 months. For the CCT group, median survival had not been reached. The 5-year survival from diagnosis and following the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 67% and 67.5% for NETs and CCTs, respectively. The 5-year survival following the commencement of 131I-MIBG therapy was 68%. Thirty-two patients had long-term haematological sequelae: 5 of these 32 patients developed haematological malignancies. Two patients developed a mild deterioration in renal function. Conclusion: Long follow up of 131I-MIBG therapy reveals a noteable rate of bone marrow toxicities and malignancy and long term review of all patients receiving radionuclide therapies is recommended. PMID:23860527
The Italian Registry of Laparoscopic Surgery of the Spleen (IRLSS) A retrospective review of 379 patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy.
Casaccia, Marco; Torelli, Paolo; Squarcia, Sandro; Sormani, Maria Pia; Savelli, Alfredo; Troilo, Bianca Maria; Santori, Gregorio; Valente, Umberto; Basso, Nicola; Silecchia, Gianfranco; Bresadola, Fabrizio; Terrosu, Giovanni; Pietrabissa, Andrea; Valeri, Franco Mosca Andrea; Prosperi, Paolo; Saviano, Massimo; Gelmini, Roberta; Uggeri, Franco; Caprotti, Roberto; Romano, Fabrizio; Logrieco, Gaetano; Moraldini, Aldo; Dallatorre, Andrea; Rosati, Riccardo; Bona, Stefano; Cavaliere, Paolo; Cavaliere, Davide; Spinoglio, Giuseppe; Buccoliero, Francesco; Berta, Rossana; Pedrazzolir, Claudio; Bigi, Luciano; Barbieri, Italo Marco; Donini, Ippolito; Donini, Annibale; Colecchia, Giuseppe; Monteferrante, Enzo; Prete, Fernando; Memeo, Vincenzo; Puglisi, Francesco
In December 2000, the Italian Registry of Laparoscopic Surgery of the Spleen (IRLSS) was formally launched under the auspices of the Italian Society for Endoscopic Surgery and New Technologies (SICE). The aim of this multicentre study was to analyse various aspects of the treatment that are still under discussion, such as the extension of the laparoscopic indications in cases of malignancy, independently of the associated splenomegaly, patient selection and operative techniques. A retrospective review of 379 patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy for haematological diseases from February 1, 1993, to September 15, 2005, was conducted. Data were collected from the 18 italian centres participating in the IRLSS. The mean length of surgery was 140 minutes (range: 25-420). Conversion was necessary in 25 cases (6.6%), and at least one accessory spleen was found in 30 patients (8%). The mean spleen weight was 1200 g (range: 85-4500). Perioperative death occurred in two cases (0.5%). There were no complications in 312 patients (82.3%), with a mean hospital stay of 5.5 days (range: 2-30). Morbidity occurred in 67 patients (17.8%), mainly consisting in transient fever (n = 22), pleural effusions (n = 16), and actual or suspected haemorrhage (n = 14), requiring re-intervention in 7 patients. This first study carried out on the IRLSS data shows that laparoscopic splenectomy may constitute the gold standard for haematological diseases with a normal-sized spleen. The low morbidity and mortality rates suggest that laparoscopic splenectomy can be successfully proposed also for splenomegaly in haematological malignancies. PMID:17190274
Reticulocyte maturity as an indicator for estimating qualitative abnormality of erythropoiesis.
Watanabe, K; Kawai, Y; Takeuchi, K; Shimizu, N; Iri, H; Ikeda, Y; Houwen, B
AIMS--To determine the maturity of reticulocytes in patients with anaemia as a result of various haematological disorders including those with qualitative abnormalities such as ineffective erythropoiesis or dyserythropoiesis. METHODS--The number of mature reticulocytes was measured with flow cytometry in venous blood samples from 122 patients with haematological disorders and 100 healthy controls. Reticulocytes were classified into three categories by the fluorescence intensity of auramin O staining: low fluorescence ratio (LFR), medium fluorescence ratio (MFR), and high fluorescence ratio (HFR). Immature reticulocytes were determined as the aggregate of MFR and HFR (%). RESULTS--The mean (2SD) number of immature reticulocytes in 100 normal subjects was 9.0 (7.0)%. Significantly high mean values of immature reticulocytes with a normal or reduced reticulocyte count were shown in 90 patients with dyserythropoietic or ineffective erythropoietic conditions, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (n = 37), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 35), aplastic anaemia (AA) (n = 8), or megaloblastic anaemia (MA), (n = 6). Reticulocyte ratios returned to normal after successful treatment of patients with AML (n = 10) and MA (n = 3). However, high percentages of immature reticulocytes with increased reticulocyte counts were consistently observed in patients with enhanced erythropoiesis such as those with acquired autoimmune haemolytic anaemias (AIHA) (n = 4) or acute blood loss (ABL) (n = 4). Reticulocyte maturity was within the normal range in patients with reduced erythropoiesis such as occurs in chronic renal failure (CRF) (n = 11), or in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS--The evaluation of reticulocyte maturity with total reticulocyte count seems to be clinically useful for estimating the qualitative impairment of erythropoiesis, and so could help differentiate haematological disorders. Images PMID:7962628
Diphenyl diselenide in vitro and in vivo activity against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum.
Loreto, Erico Silva; Alves, Sydney Hartz; Santurio, Janio Morais; Nogueira, Cristina Wayne; Zeni, Gilson
This study evaluated the in vitro activity of diphenyl diselenide against 19 Pythium insidiosum isolates and the in vivo therapeutic response of rabbits with experimentally induced pythiosis. In vitro: susceptibility tests were performed using the broth macrodilution method in accordance with the CLSI document M38-A2. The criteria for interpretation were as follows: MIC-1 and MIC-2 (inhibition of 90% and 100% of mycelium growth, respectively) and the minimum fungicide concentration (MIC-3). In vivo: twenty rabbits were divided into four groups with five animals each and treated for 40 consecutive days: groups 1 and 2 (experimentally induced pythiosis) were treated with diphenyl diselenide (10mg/kg/day) and canola oil (1 mL/kg/day), respectively; groups 3 and 4 (controls) were treated with canola oil (1 mL/kg/day) and diphenyl diselenide (10mg/kg/day), respectively. Toxicity was evaluated using biochemical and haematological parameters. In vitro susceptibility tests showed that 89.4% of isolates had a MIC-1 ? 0.5 ?g/mL, 84.2% of isolates had a MIC-2 ? 1.0 ?g/mL and 94.7% of isolates had a MIC-3 ? 2.0 ?g/mL. The in vivo assay suggested that this compound has a fungistatic activity, and the biochemical and haematological parameters indicated that there was no renal, hepatic or haematological toxicity. The comparison of the unsaturated iron binding capacity levels between animals with and without pythiosis suggested the involvement of iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of pythiosis. This study demonstrated the absence of detectable toxicity caused by diphenyl diselenide and the in vitro fungicidal and in vivo fungistatic activities of this drug, which makes it an option for future therapeutic approaches in the treatment of pythiosis. PMID:22055205
No Evidence of Dehydration with Moderate Daily Coffee Intake: A Counterbalanced Cross-Over Study in a Free-Living Population
Killer, Sophie C.; Blannin, Andrew K.; Jeukendrup, Asker E.
It is often suggested that coffee causes dehydration and its consumption should be avoided or significantly reduced to maintain fluid balance. The aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of coffee consumption against water ingestion across a range of validated hydration assessment techniques. In a counterbalanced cross-over design, 50 male coffee drinkers (habitually consuming 3–6 cups per day) participated in two trials, each lasting three consecutive days. In addition to controlled physical activity, food and fluid intake, participants consumed either 4×200 mL of coffee containing 4 mg/kg caffeine (C) or water (W). Total body water (TBW) was calculated pre- and post-trial via ingestion of Deuterium Oxide. Urinary and haematological hydration markers were recorded daily in addition to nude body mass measurement (BM). Plasma was analysed for caffeine to confirm compliance. There were no significant changes in TBW from beginning to end of either trial and no differences between trials (51.5±1.4 vs. 51.4±1.3 kg, for C and W, respectively). No differences were observed between trials across any haematological markers or in 24 h urine volume (2409±660 vs. 2428±669 mL, for C and W, respectively), USG, osmolality or creatinine. Mean urinary Na+ excretion was higher in C than W (p?=?0.02). No significant differences in BM were found between conditions, although a small progressive daily fall was observed within both trials (0.4±0.5 kg; p<0.05). Our data show that there were no significant differences across a wide range of haematological and urinary markers of hydration status between trials. These data suggest that coffee, when consumed in moderation by caffeine habituated males provides similar hydrating qualities to water. PMID:24416202
Factors affecting prepubertal growth in homozygous sickle cell disease.
Singhal, A; Morris, J; Thomas, P; Dover, G; Higgs, D; Serjeant, G
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of haematological indices, socioeconomic status, and morbidity in prepubertal growth in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. METHOD: Height, weight, and haematology were serially recorded in a cohort study of 315 children with SS disease from birth to 9 years at the sickle cell clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. RESULTS: Height increment between 3 and 9 years correlated positively with total haemoglobin at age 7 years in boys but not girls. Attained height and weight at age 7 years correlated positively with haemoglobin and fetal haemoglobin in boys but not girls. Only the correlation between haemoglobin and weight showed a significant gender difference. Partial correlation analysis suggested that the effect of haemoglobin was accounted for by the effect of fetal haemolglobin and further analysis indicated that height correlated with F reticulocyte count (a measure of fetal haemoglobin production) in both sexes but not with the ratio of F cells to F reticulocytes (a measure of F cell enrichment). Growth was not significantly related to mean red cell volume, proportional reticulocyte count, alpha thalassaemia, socioeconomic status, or morbidity. CONCLUSION: A high concentration of fetal haemoglobin in boys with SS disease is associated with greater linear growth. It is postulated that in boys, low concentrations of fetal haemoglobin increase haemolysis and hence metabolic requirements for erythropoiesis, putting them at greater risk of poor growth. Differences in the relationship of haematology and growth between boys and girls with SS disease dictate that future analyses of growth take gender into account. PMID:8758125
EC4 European Syllabus for Post-Graduate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine: version 3 - 2005.
Zerah, Simone; McMurray, Janet; Bousquet, Bernard; Baum, Hannsjorg; Beastall, Graham H; Blaton, Vic; Cals, Marie-Josčphe; Duchassaing, Danielle; Gaudeau-Toussaint, Marie-Françoise; Harmoinen, Aimo; Hoffmann, Hans; Jansen, Rob T; Kenny, Desmond; Kohse, Klaus P; Köller, Ursula; Gobert, Jean-Gérard; Linget, Christine; Lund, Erik; Nubile, Giuseppe; Opp, Matthias; Pazzagli, Mario; Pinon, Georges; Queralto, José M; Reguengo, Henrique; Rizos, Demetrios; Szekeres, Thomas; Vidaud, Michel; Wallinder, Hans
The EC4 Syllabus for Postgraduate Training is the basis for the European Register of Specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The syllabus: Indicates the level of requirements in postgraduate training to harmonise the postgraduate education in the European Union (EU); Indicates the level of content of national training programmes to obtain adequate knowledge and experience; Is approved by all EU societies for clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. The syllabus is not primarily meant to be a training guide, but on the basis of the overview given (common minimal programme), national societies should formulate programmes that indicate where knowledge and experience is needed. The main points of this programme are: Indicates the level of requirements in postgraduate training to harmonise the postgraduate education in the European Union (EU); Indicates the level of content of national training programmes to obtain adequate knowledge and experience; Is approved by all EU societies for clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. Knowledge in biochemistry, haematology, immunology, etc.; Pre-analytical conditions; Evaluation of results; Interpretations (post-analytical phase); Laboratory management; and Quality insurance management. The aim of this version of the syllabus is to be in accordance with the Directive of Professional Qualifications published on 30 September 2005. To prepare the common platforms planned in this directive, the disciplines are divided into four categories: Indicates the level of requirements in postgraduate training to harmonise the postgraduate education in the European Union (EU); Indicates the level of content of national training programmes to obtain adequate knowledge and experience; Is approved by all EU societies for clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. Knowledge in biochemistry, haematology, immunology, etc.; Pre-analytical conditions; Evaluation of results; Interpretations (post-analytical phase); Laboratory management; and Quality insurance management. General chemistry, encompassing biochemistry, endocrinology, chemical (humoral), immunology, toxicology, and therapeutic drug monitoring; Haematology, covering cells, transfusion serology, coagulation, and cellular immunology; Microbiology, involving bacteriology, virology, parasitology, and mycology; Genetics and IVF. PMID:16375596
Hydrogen therapy may be an effective and specific novel treatment for Acute Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
Qian, Liren; Shen, Jianliang
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely used for the treatment of haematological malignant and non-malignant haematologic diseases. However, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a kind of severe complication of HSCT limiting its application. Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), IL-6 play an extremely important role in the formation and development of aGVHD. Besides, the oxidation phenomena and/or the formation of free radicals have been suggested to be causally related to various haematological disorders including aGVHD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals, play an important role in the formation and development of aGVHD. Hydrogen has been reported to have the ability to inhibit levels of cytokines such as TNF, IL-6 in vivo. Our recent studies provided evidence that hydrogen inhalation can selectively reduce cytotoxic oxygen radicals and exert antioxidant effects. Therefore, we suggested that hydrogen may have therapeutic effects on aGVHD. This hypothesis entails many experimentally testable predictions. We propose the experimental study by detecting complete blood counts (CBC) and Clinic signs of aGVHD mice. We also propose to detect the levels of TNF-?, IL-2, IL-1?, IL-6 which play important roles in the pathogenesis of aGVHD. To discover potential mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of hydrogen on the aGVHD model, we will examine gene-expression profiles. This study will open a new therapeutic avenue combining the field of therapeutic medical gases and aGVHD. This theory is original and probably of importance, because therapeutic medical gases have never been used for aGVHD previously. PMID:23742028
Endotoxaemia as a cause of fever in immunosuppressed patients.
Harris, R I; Stone, P C; Evans, G R; Stuart, J
Using a recently developed chromogenic substrate assay sensitive to 10 pg/ml Escherichia coli endotoxin in plasma, systemic endotoxaemia was found in 52% of 21 episodes of fever in patients with a haematological malignancy who were infected. Endotoxaemia was also found in 27% of 22 episodes of fever of unknown origin. In 45 afebrile patients neither neutropenia nor cytotoxic chemotherapy was a cause of endotoxaemia. Passage of endotoxin from portal blood into the systemic circulation can contribute to unexplained fever in immunosuppressed patients. PMID:6368606
Leucine-rich repeat protein PRAME: expression, potential functions and clinical implications for leukaemia
PRAME/MAPE/OIP4 is a germinal tissue-specific gene that is also expressed at high levels in haematological malignancies and solid tumours. The physiological functions of PRAME in normal and tumour cells are unknown, although a role in the regulation of retinoic acid signalling has been proposed. Sequence homology and structural predictions suggest that PRAME is related to the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family of proteins, which have diverse functions. Here we review the current knowledge of the structure/function of PRAME and its relevance in leukaemia. PMID:20799951
The ninth International Conference of Anticancer Research, 6–10 October 2014, Sithonia, Greece
Sansom, Clare E
The ninth conference of the International Institute for Anticancer Research, held in Sithonia, Greece in October 2014, included over 700 abstracts presented in 79 separate sessions and featured a wide range of topics in basic and clinical cancer research. This report describes a small but representative sample of these sessions. It covers some recent developments in research into the basic signal transduction pathways involved in carcinogenesis; a special session on the role of homeobox genes in cancer development; and clinical sessions covering advances in breast cancer, haematological cancers, and chemotherapy. PMID:25525461
Haemolytic anaemia secondary to arsenic poisoning: a case report
Carvalho, Catarina; Friőes, Fernando; Araújo, José P; Almeida, Jorge; Azevedo, Ana
We report the case of a 56-year-old white man who presented at the Emergency Department for evaluation of dark-red urine. Rapid development of acute renal failure and haemolytic anaemia initially elicited the hypothesis of a haemolytic-uremic syndrome. A previous exposure to a gas mixture containing arsenic and copper was later recognized as the probable aetiology while other differential diagnoses were excluded. Chelating treatment was promptly initiated before laboratorial confirmation of arsenic and copper poisoning. Renal and haematological recovery was gradually observed and the patient survived with no sequelae. PMID:19918480
Remission of aHUS neurological damage with eculizumab.
Ávila, Ana; Vizcaíno, Belén; Molina, Pablo; Gavela, Eva; Perez-Ebri, Maria; Pallardó, Luís
Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by haemolytic microangiopathic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and acute onset of renal failure, in the absence of Escherichia coli infection. Renal damage usually progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), sometimes being accompanied by signs of extrarenal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We report a case of full neurological and haematological recovery after eculizumab treatment in a patient with ESRD secondary to chronic aHUS refractory to plasmatherapy while she was under dialysis. It highlights the use of eculizumab for controlling extrarenal manifestations of aHUS in this population. PMID:25815183
T cells fail to develop in the human skin-cell explants system; an inconvenient truth
Bob Meek; Catharina HMJ Van Elssen; Mirelle JAJ Huijskens; Sjoukje JC van der Stegen; Siebe Tonnaer; Stijn BJ Lumeij; Joris Vanderlocht; Mark A Kirkland; Reinout Hesselink; Wilfred TV Germeraad; Gerard MJ Bos
Background Haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is very successful in eradicating haematological tumours, but\\u000a the long post-transplant T-lymphopenic phase is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Clark et al. have described a skin-explant system capable of producing host-tolerant donor-HSC derived T-cells. Because this T-cell production\\u000a platform has the potential to replenish the T-cell levels following transplantation, we set out
Teicoplanin-induced leucopenia with immediate resolution after administration of G-CSF
Patel, Peysh; Sandoe, Jonathan; Baig, Wazir
Teicoplanin is used in a wide range of clinical settings, owing to its wide antiGram positive bacterial activity. Although it is generally well tolerated, adverse reactions such as fever and rash are well recognised. Haematological sequelae have been rarely reported. This case report describes the development of teicoplanin-induced leucopenia in a patient with infective endocarditis. A short course of lenograstim, a recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reverted biochemical abnormalities. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first documented example of implementation of G-CSF in such a clinical setting. PMID:22891005
Brief Tale of a Bacteraemia by Rhodococcus equi, With Concomitant Lung Mass: What Came First, the Chicken or The Egg?
Savini, Vincenzo; Salutari, Prassede; Sborgia, Marco; Mancini, Iole; Masciarelli, Gioviana; Catavitello, Chiara; Astolfi, Daniela; D'Amario, Claudio; Fioritoni, Giuseppe; Spadaro, Antonio; D'Antonio, Domenico
Rhodococcus equi is an uncommon Gram positive, variably acid-fast pathogen, that appears as hard to treat mostly owing to the establishment of intracellular niches. Lack of interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing may lead to under-reporting or overestimation of resistances, whereas knowledge about this pathogen's clinical impact may be affected by erroneous phenotype-based characterization at a genus and species level. We present the case of a bacteraemia with a concomitant lung mass in a lymphoma patient, that further highlights the emergence of rhodococcal diseases as a matter for concern in the fields of infectious diseases and haematology. PMID:21625310
Effect of photoperiod on blood parameters of young beluga sturgeon ( Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758)
Mohammad Reza Ghomi; Rajab Mohammad Nazari; Hadi Poorbagher; Mehdi Sohrabnejad; Hamid Reza Jamalzadeh; Mahmoudreza Ovissipour; Abbas Esmaeili Molla; Moosa Zarei
This study investigated the effect of manipulated photoperiod on haematological parameter in beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). One hundred eight fish (24-month old) were randomly allocated into 18 tanks. Each tank received one of six photoperiod regimes\\u000a for 73 days: natural photoperiod, 24Light (L):0Dark (D), 16L:8D, 12L:12D, 8L:16D and 0L:24D. Different photoperiods had no\\u000a significant effects on hormonal and cytological features of
[Hepatosplenic candidiasis in acute myeloid leukemia].
Larregina, A; Bartoletti, B; Romano, H; Paniccia, L; Polini, N N
Chronic diseminated candidiasis--mainly its hepatosplenic form- is one of the most characteristic invasive infection due to Candida in haematological patients. A case is presented of a 31 year old man admitted to the Clinical Department with acute mieloid leukosis M2, showing febrile neutropenia after induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Hepatoesplenic candidiasis was diagnosed and confirmed by computered axial tomography (CAT) and hepatic biopsy; amphotericin B followed by liposome encapsuled amphotericin B up to complete a total dose of 4 g was used for treatment. The patient was discharged waiting for bone marrow transplantation. Early suspicion of hepatosplenic candidiasis helps to select a rapid diagnosis method and an effective treatment. PMID:15176375
Metastatic superscan on 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in a case of carcinoma colon: Common finding but rare etiology
Chakraborty, Partha Sarathi; Sharma, Punit; Karunanithi, Sellam; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Kumar, Rakesh
Bone scintigraphy in which there is excessive skeletal radioisotope uptake in relation to soft tissues along with absent or faint activity in the genitourinary tract is known as a 'superscan'. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy associated with superscan along with others such as lung cancer, breast cancer and haematological malignancies. Here we present the case of a 41 year old woman with carcinoma colon with metastatic superscan on 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, a very rare cause for metastatic superscan. PMID:25210281
Recombinant erythropoietin in clinical practice
Ng, T; Marx, G; Littlewood, T; Macdougall, I
The introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHuEPO) has revolutionised the treatment of patients with anaemia of chronic renal disease. Clinical studies have demonstrated that RHuEPO is also useful in various non-uraemic conditions including haematological and oncological disorders, prematurity, HIV infection, and perioperative therapies. Besides highlighting both the historical and functional aspects of RHuEPO, this review discusses the applications of RHuEPO in clinical practice and the potential problems of RHuEPO treatment. PMID:12897214
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis: an overlap syndrome?
McMahon, R F; Babbs, C; Warnes, T W
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRHL) has been found in association with collagen vascular diseases, after drug therapy, with autoimmune disease, and with a variety of haematological disorders. The association of NRHL with the syndrome of Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (CREST syndrome) has only been reported on two previous occasions. The liver disease usually associated with CREST syndrome is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and recently nodular hyperplasia of the liver has been reported in patients with early stage PBC. We present a case of NRHL with CREST syndrome and serological and biochemical features of PBC, a newly recognised overlap syndrome. Images Figure PMID:2583572
Arsenic poisoning in dairy cattle from naturally occurring arsenic pyrites.
Hopkirk, R G
An outbreak of arsenic poisoning occurred in which most of a 200 cow dairy herd were affected and six died. The source of the arsenic was naturally occurring arsenic pyrites from the Waiotapu Stream, near Rotorua. Arsenic levels in the nearby soil were as high as 6618 ppm. There was little evidence to suggest that treatment affected the course of the disease. Haematology was of little use in diagnosis, post-mortem signs were not always consistent and persistence of the element in the liver appeared short. Control of further outbreaks have been based on practical measures to minimise the intake of contaminated soil and free laying water by the stock. PMID:16031332
An interesting diagnosis for a presacral mass: case report
Babazadeh, Sina; Broadhead, Matthew L; Slavin, John L; Choong, Peter FM
A presacral mass can present a diagnostic dilemma for the surgical oncologist. Differential diagnoses include congenital causes such as teratoma or chordoma, neurological causes such as neurilemoma or neurofibroma or other malignancies such as lymphoma or sarcoma. Diagnosis usually requires imaging such as CT and MRI and tissue biopsy. We present an unusual cause of a presacral mass being extramedullary haematopoiesis, found incidentally in a 71 year old female. Extramedullary haematopoiesis is defined as the production of myeloid and erythroid elements outside of the bone-marrow. This diagnosis is extremely rare in the presacral area especially in a patient with no haematological abnormalities. A review of the literature is presented. PMID:19895709
Laboratory Aspects Relating to the Detection and Prevention of Frailty
Heppner, Hans-Jürgen; Bauer, Jürgen M.; Sieber, Cornel C.; Bertsch, Thomas
Frailty, as a geriatric syndrome, is characterised by the increased vulnerability of the elderly person to internal and especially external stressors. The aim of laboratory diagnostics in the context of the concept of frailty is to record the conditions which encourage the development of frailty, in order to improve these conditions through individual measures or to avoid them for the purpose of preventing frailty. After a presentation of the features of laboratory diagnostics in old age, this article examines haematological aspects, the importance of an adequate vitamin supply, particularly of vitamin D and the adequate description of endocrine functions. PMID:21566784
The Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signalling in Human Neoplasms
Sharma, Anup K.; Mokbel, Kefah
Suppressors of cytokine signalling 1–7 (SOCS1–7) and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) are a group of intracellular proteins that are well known as JAK-STAT and several other signalling pathways negative feedback regulators. More recently several members have been identified as tumour suppressors and dysregulation of their biological roles in controlling cytokine and growth factor signalling may contribute to the development of many solid organ and haematological malignancies. This review explores their biological functions and their possible tumour suppressing role in human neoplasms. PMID:24757565
An adult patient with common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who presented with pancreatic involvement, description of the second adult case and review of paediatric cases.
Pamuk, Gulsum Emel; Tapan, Umit; Aksoy, Sema; Umit, Hasan
Pancreatic involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) may go unrecognised. There are only a few paediatric cases; nevertheless, presentation with pancreatic involvement in an adult patient with ALL has been reported rarely. Our 52-year-old male patient came to us with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting; he had pancreatic enlargement on CT. He was diagnosed with common B-cell ALL with pancreatic involvement. The patient obtained haematological remission and the pancreatic enlargement regressed after chemotherapy, but later he had central nervous system and liver relapses. He died 6?months after diagnosis because of progressive pneumonia and chemotherapy-resistant ALL with multiple extramedullary relapses. PMID:24855096
Preliminary Characterization of Erythrocytes Deformability on the Entropy-Complexity Plane
Korol, Ana M; D'Arrigo, Mabel; Foresto, Patricia; Pérez, Susana; Martín, Maria T; Rosso, Osualdo A
We present an application of wavelet-based Information Theory quantifiers (Normalized Total Shannon Entropy, MPR-Statistical Complexity and Entropy-Complexity plane) on red blood cells membrane viscoelasticity characterization. These quantifiers exhibit important localization advantages provided by the Wavelet Theory. The present approach produces a clear characterization of this dynamical system, finding out an evident manifestation of a random process on the red cell samples of healthy individuals, and its sharp reduction of randomness on analyzing a human haematological disease, such as ?-thalassaemia minor. PMID:21611139
Zygomycosis in the immunocompromised patient: a case report.
Georgala, Aspasia; Vekemans, Marc; Husson, Mireille; Meuleman, Nathalie; Beguin, Hugues; Nolard, Nicole; Aoun, Mickael
Zygomycosis is a highly aggressive infection observed in immunocompromised patients, such as those with haematological malignancies. The sites most frequently involved are the sinuses and the lungs. New diagnostic tools and new antifungal treatments are essential in order to diagnose early and treat efficiently infections due to moulds. We report a case of sinusitis due to Absidia corymbifera occurring during chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia in a patient with acute leukaemia. The sinusitis was successfully treated with AmBisome, and surgical debridement. PMID:16918059
Cytogenetic analysis and reporting.
Campbell, Lynda J
Use of appropriate methods to produce analysable metaphase spreads and high-quality fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array results is critical to successful cytogenetic analysis of haematological malignancies, but the analysis and reporting of the findings of these tests are equally important as it is the final report that clinicians rely upon to inform patient management. A methodical approach to reporting with the use of universally recognized nomenclature will ensure that the diagnostic and prognostic information is presented in a form that is interpretable by both clinicians and other cytogeneticists. PMID:21431647
Cytogenetics of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Campbell, Lynda J
The introduction of JAK2 mutation testing has changed dramatically the diagnostic algorithms for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) but there is still a place for conventional cytogenetic analysis in the initial work-up of MPN cases, particularly as this group of myeloid disorders has been expanded to include chronic eosinophilic leukaemia and myeloid neoplasms with abnormalities of the PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 genes. Mastocytosis is also included under the umbrella of MPN but the cytogenetic abnormalities observed usually reflect any associated clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage disease. PMID:21431636
Don't forget methylmalonic acid quantification in symptomatic exclusively breast-fed infants.
Van Noolen, L; Nguyen-Morel, M A; Faure, P; Corne, C
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious haematological and neurological signs in infants. The reported clinical cases of vitamin B12 deficiency were found in exclusively breast-fed infants whose asymptomatic mothers were diagnosed later with pernicious anaemia. For the infants, the diagnosis required urinary methylmalonic acid quantification (grossly elevated in these two cases) and treatment rapidly improved the clinical signs. These cases underline the serious consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants and the helpful role of early methylmalonic acid quantification for diagnosis. PMID:24781684
Clonal heterogeneity as a driver of disease variability in the evolution of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Prick, Janine; de Haan, Gerald; Green, Anthony R.; Kent, David G.
stem cell activity and these experiments are ideally carried out using age and sex-matched wild-type littermate controls. To formally demonstrate a self-renewal advantage (and thereby infer a clonal advantage over non-mutant HSCs in MPN patients... . Johnsen HE, Kjeldsen MK, Urup T, et al. Cancer stem cells and the cellular hierarchy in haematological malignancies. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45 Suppl 1:194-201. 37. Pellicano F, Sinclair A, Holyoake TL. In search of CML stem cells' deadly weakness. Curr...
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of iron polymaltose complex and folic acid (Mumfer) vs iron formulation (ferrous fumarate) in female patients with anaemia.
Reddy, P S; Adsul, B B; Gandewar, K; Korde, K M; Desai, A
Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia with conventional oral preparations is handicapped by unpredictable haematological response in addition to potential for irritating gastrointestinal adverse events. Iron polymaltose complex (IPC), a novel oral iron formulation with better absorbability, predictable haematinic response and less side effects was compared with oral ferrous fumarate in 100 female patients with documented iron deficiency anaemia. Clinical parameters (pallor, weakness) as well as biochemical parameters (Hb, serum iron, total iron binding capacity) show favourable changes with IPC; the physician and patient assessment also favour IPC over ferrous fumarate. PMID:11478761
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis: an overlap syndrome?
McMahon, R F; Babbs, C; Warnes, T W
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRHL) has been found in association with collagen vascular diseases, after drug therapy, with autoimmune disease, and with a variety of haematological disorders. The association of NRHL with the syndrome of Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (CREST syndrome) has only been reported on two previous occasions. The liver disease usually associated with CREST syndrome is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and recently nodular hyperplasia of the liver has been reported in patients with early stage PBC. We present a case of NRHL with CREST syndrome and serological and biochemical features of PBC, a newly recognised overlap syndrome. PMID:2583572
Naproxen-induced bullous photodermatitis.
Rivers, J K; Barnetson, R S
A case of naproxen-induced bullous photodermatitis ("pseudoporphyria") is presented. A 37-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed tense bullae on her hands and lips, and was found to have a clinical and histological condition that was similar to porphyria cutanea tarda without the associated haematological abnormalities. The lesions remitted upon the cessation of naproxen therapy. Although this adverse effect of naproxen has been seen most frequently in patients from Australia and New Zealand, it has not been reported in the Australian medical literature previously. PMID:2526917
Plasmodium simium/Plasmodium vivax infections in southern brown howler monkeys from the Atlantic Forest
Costa, Daniela Camargos; da Cunha, Vanessa Pecini; de Assis, Gabriela Maria Pereira; de Souza, Júlio César; Hirano, Zelinda Maria Braga; de Arruda, Mércia Eliane; Kano, Flora Satiko; Carvalho, Luzia Helena; de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves
Blood infection by the simian parasite, Plasmodium simium, was identified in captive (n = 45, 4.4%) and in wild Alouatta clamitans monkeys (n = 20, 35%) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. A single malaria infection was symptomatic and the monkey presented clinical and haematological alterations. A high frequency of Plasmodium vivax-specific antibodies was detected among these monkeys, with 87% of the monkeys testing positive against P. vivax antigens. These findings highlight the possibility of malaria as a zoonosis in the remaining Atlantic Forest and its impact on the epidemiology of the disease. PMID:25099335
Monitoring of biological markers indicative of doping: the athlete biological passport.
Saugy, Martial; Lundby, Carsten; Robinson, Neil
The athlete biological passport (ABP) was recently implemented in anti-doping work and is based on the individual and longitudinal monitoring of haematological or urine markers. These may be influenced by illicit procedures performed by some athletes with the intent to improve exercise performance. Hence the ABP is a valuable tool in the fight against doping. Actually, the passport has been defined as an individual and longitudinal observation of markers. These markers need to belong to the biological cascade influenced by the application of forbidden hormones or more generally, affected by biological manipulations which can improve the performance of the athlete. So far, the haematological and steroid profile modules of the ABP have been implemented in major sport organisations, and a further module is under development. The individual and longitudinal monitoring of some blood and urine markers are of interest, because the intraindividual variability is lower than the corresponding interindividual variability. Among the key prerequisites for the implementation of the ABP is its prospect to resist to the legal and scientific challenges. The ABP should be implemented in the most transparent way and with the necessary independence between planning, interpretation and result management of the passport. To ensure this, the Athlete Passport Management Unit (APMU) was developed and the WADA implemented different technical documents associated to the passport. This was carried out to ensure the correct implementation of a profile which can also stand the challenge of any scientific or legal criticism. This goal can be reached only by following strictly important steps in the chain of production of the results and in the management of the interpretation of the passport. Various technical documents have been then associated to the guidelines which correspond to the requirements for passport operation. The ABP has been completed very recently by the steroid profile module. As for the haematological module, individual and longitudinal monitoring have been applied and the interpretation cascade is also managed by a specific APMU in a similar way as applied in the haematological module. Thus, after exclusion of any possible pathology, specific variation from the individual norms will be then considered as a potential misuse of hormones or other modulators to enhance performance. PMID:24659506
Detection of peptidic erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in sport.
Reichel, Christian
Detection methods for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in sport can be classified into direct and indirect approaches. Direct methods comprise electrophoretic techniques (isoelectric focusing (IEF-), sodium-dodecylsulfate (SDS-), sarcosyl (SAR-) polyacrylamide gel-electrophoreses (-PAGE)), ELISAs and mass spectrometric methods. The haematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport is currently the only applied indirect approach. Newer developments include a mass spectrometric test for peginesatide, sequential exoglycosidase digestion of ertythropoietin (EPO) combined with electrophoresis (SDS/SAR-PAGE), a dipstick method (MAIIA), and a study on the differences in sialic acid O-acetylation of tryptic EPO O-glycopeptides. The focus of this article is on direct detection methods. PMID:24677025
Remission of aHUS neurological damage with eculizumab
Ávila, Ana; Vizcaíno, Belén; Molina, Pablo; Gavela, Eva; Perez-Ebri, Maria; Pallardó, Luís
Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by haemolytic microangiopathic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and acute onset of renal failure, in the absence of Escherichia coli infection. Renal damage usually progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), sometimes being accompanied by signs of extrarenal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We report a case of full neurological and haematological recovery after eculizumab treatment in a patient with ESRD secondary to chronic aHUS refractory to plasmatherapy while she was under dialysis. It highlights the use of eculizumab for controlling extrarenal manifestations of aHUS in this population.
Consensus report of the XI Congress of the Spanish Society of Odontology for the handicapped and special patients.
Machuca-Portillo, Guillermo; Cabrerizo-Merino, Carmen; Cutando-Soriano, Antonio; Giménez-Prats, María-José; Silvestre-Donat, Farncisco-Javier; Tomás-Carmona, Inmaculada
This article summarizes the findings of consensus of the XI congress of the SEOEME. All of these conclusions are referring to the review articles responsible to the general rapporteurs in order to bringing up to date knowledge with regard to the use of implants in patients medically compromised and with special needs and, in the dental management of autism and cerebral palsy, in the dental treatment of patients with genetic and adquired haematological disorders, the dental implications of cardiovascular disease and hospital dentistry. PMID:24608224
Simultaneous clinical resolution of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab
Spyridon Arampatzis; Nikolaos Giannakoulas; Vassilios Liakopoulos; Theodoros Eleftheriadis; Panagiota Kourti; Foteini Karasavvidou; Panagiota Matsouka; Ioannis Stefanidis
Background Although renal involvement in advanced haematological malignancies is common, glomerulonephritis associated with lymphoproliferative\\u000a disorders is rare, and the related pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. We present a rare case of chronic\\u000a lymphocytic leukaemia(CLL)-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic-range proteinuria.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Case presentation A 53-year-old Caucasian man, previously healthy, with no history of hypertension, alcohol use or smoking presented with rapid\\u000a weight
Genotoxic and hematological effects in children exposed to a chemical mixture in a petrochemical area in Mexico.
Pelallo-Martínez, Nadia Azenet; Batres-Esquivel, Lilia; Carrizales-Yáńez, Leticia; Díaz-Barriga, Fernando Martínez
Children living in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, and in nearby surrounding areas are exposed to a mixture of pollutants from different sources. Previous studies in the area have reported genotoxic and haematotoxic compounds, such as lead (Pb), benzene, toluene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in environmental and biological samples. The final toxic effects of these compounds are unknown because the toxic behaviour of each compound is modified when in a complex mixture. This is the first study on the exposure and effect of chemical mixtures on children who live near a petrochemical area. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and haematological effects in children environmentally exposed to such mixtures and to determine whether the final effect was modified by the composition of the mixture composition. Biomarkers of exposure to Pb, benzene, toluene, and PAHs were quantified in urine and blood samples of 102 children. DNA damage was evaluated using comet assay, and haematological parameters were determined. Our results show that Pb and toluene did not surpass the exposure guidelines; the exposure was similar in all three localities (Allenede, Mundo Nuevo, and López Mateos). In contrast, exposure to PAHs was observed at three levels of exposure: low, medium, and high. The most severe effects of these mixtures were strictly related to coexposure to high levels of PAHs. PMID:24473790
Production, composition and toxicology studies of Enzogenol® Pinus radiata bark extract.
Frevel, Mathias A E; Pipingas, Andrew; Grigsby, Warren J; Frampton, Chris M; Gilchrist, Nigel L
Enzogenol® pine bark extract is a dietary supplement and food ingredient produced by water extraction of Pinus radiata. We present production method, composition, and safety data from rat and dog toxicological and human clinical studies. The dry powder contains proanthocyanidins (>80%), taxifolin (1-2%), other flavonoids and phenolic acids (up to 8%), and carbohydrates (5-10%). Reverse mutation assays showed lack of mutagenic activity. Single and 14-day repeat dosing in rats and dogs had no influence on body weight, feed consumption, blood chemistry, and haematology at any dose level. There were no treatment related findings on gross and detailed necroscopy, organ weights, organ weight ratios and histology. The only adverse events were emesis and diarrhoea in dogs occurring mainly in un-fed condition and at the highest dose level in a total of 18% of applications. The MTD and NOAEL in the present rat and dog studies were 2500 and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively. Consumption of 480 mg/day for 6 months and 960 mg/day for 5 weeks in two human studies showed Enzogenol® had no adverse influence on liver and kidney function, haematology, and did not cause any adverse events. Our studies indicate lack of toxicity of Enzogenol® and support safe use as a food ingredient. PMID:22982471
Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome virus in wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Rodger, H D
An investigation was undertaken to establish aspects of the epizootiology of erythrocytic inclusion bodies in wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland. From 1992 to 1995, adult and juvenile salmon, from Scottish rivers, were screened for the presence of erythrocytic inclusion bodies and haematological parameters measured. The nature of the inclusion bodies was assessed through transmission electron microscopy, negative-staining and blood smear-staining techniques and was demonstrated to be viral in origin with characteristics similar to a member of the family Togaviridae. Specifically, these were a viral genome of single-stranded RNA, spherical virion morphology with an icosahedral core, average size of 70 nm and a buoyant density of 1.15-1.20 g cm(-3). The cytoplasmic inclusions were either large, single inclusions (1-2 microm) or smaller multiple inclusions (0.5-1 microm). A total of 4.2% (n=48) and 27.7% (n=213) of the parr and adult salmon, respectively, were positive for the presence of the inclusions. The intensity of the inclusions, when present, varied from light in parr to moderate and heavy in adults, when graded according to the number of inclusions per field of view. Neither haematological variations nor clinical disease was associated with the presence or absence of viral inclusions. PMID:17584438
One year oral Toxicity of D-004, a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits, in Sprague Dawley rats.
Gutiérrez, A; Gámez, R; Noa, M; Mas, R; Arencibia, D; Pardo, B; Valle, M; Oyarzábal, A; Curveco, D; García, H; Goicochea, E; Mendoza, N; Jiménez, S
D-004, a lipid extract of royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruits that contains a reproducible mixture of fatty acids, has been shown to prevent testosterone and phenylephrine-induced prostate hyperplasia in rodents. This study investigated the long-term oral toxicity of D-004 in rats. Rats from both sexes were randomized into four groups (20 rats sex/group): a control and three treated with D-004 (800, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively). At study completion, rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia. Determinations of blood biochemical and haematological parameters and organ weight were done. Also, necropsy and histopathological studies were performed. Four of 160 rats died before study completion. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed throughout the study. Food and water consumption, bodyweight, blood biochemical and haematological parameters, organ weight ratios and histopathological findings were similar in control and treated groups. The histological lesions found in treated animals are commonly present in this specie and strain according to literature and our historical data. In conclusion, long-term (12 months) oral treatment of rats with D-004 (800-2000 mg/kg/day) did not show evidences of D-004-related toxicity under our conditions. The highest dose tested (2000 mg/kg) was a no-observed adverse effect level in this study. PMID:21839798
Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by Manilkara zapota L. stem bark in Swiss albino mice
Osman, M Abu; Rashid, M Mamunur; Aziz, M Abdul; Habib, M Rowshahul; karim, M Rezaul
Objective To evaluate the antitumor activity of Manilkara zapota (M. zapota) L. stem bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Methods The in vivo antitumour activity of the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark of M. zapota L. (EASM) was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw against EAC using mean survival time. After administration of the extract of M. zapota, viable EAC cell count and body weight in the EAC tumour hosts were observed. The animal was also observed for improvement in the haematological parameters (e.g., heamoglobin content, red and white blood cells count and differential cell count) after EASM treatment. Results Intraperitoneal administration of EASM reduced viable EAC cells, increased the survival time, and restored altered haematological parameters. Significant efficacy was observed for EASM at 100 mg/kg dose (P<0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark of M. zapota L. possesses significant antitumour activity. PMID:23569811
Safety and efficacy of (90) yttrium-ibritumomab-tiuxetan for untreated follicular lymphoma patients. An Italian cooperative study.
Ibatici, Adalberto; Pica, Gian Matteo; Nati, Sandro; Vitolo, Umberto; Botto, Barbara; Ciochetto, Chiara; Petrini, Mario; Galimberti, Sara; Ciabatti, Elena; Orciuolo, Enrico; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Cascavilla, Nicola; Guolo, Fabio; Fraternali Orcioni, Giulio; Carella, Angelo M
(90) Yttrium ((90) Y)-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan combines the targeting advantage of a monoclonal antibody with the radiosensitivity of Follicular Lymphoma (FL). Previous studies showed that 90Y-IT is safe and effective in relapsed/refractory indolent FL, irrespective of prior treatment with rituximab. This multicentre trial aimed to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of "upfront" single-agent ((90) Y)-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan in advanced-stage FL. The primary objective was the incidence of responses in terms of complete (CR) and partial remission (PR). Fifty patients with stage II "bulky", III or IV FL received a single treatment course with ((90) Y)-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan as initial therapy. The median age was 60 years. Bone marrow involvement (<25%) was observed in 24 patients (48%) and 7 (14%) had an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. The overall response (ORR) and CR rates were 94% and 86%, respectively with a median follow-up of 38·8 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, whereas the 3-year estimated PFS and overall survival (OS) rate was 63·4% and 90%, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 30% and 26% of patients respectively; none experienced grade 3/4 non-haematological toxicity. No cases of secondary haematological malignancies were observed. ((90) Y)-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan was demonstrated to be highly effective and safe as first-line treatment for advanced-stage FL. PMID:24344981
CXCR4 expression enhances diffuse large B cell lymphoma dissemination and decreases patient survival.
Moreno, María José; Bosch, Rosa; Dieguez-Gonzalez, Rebeca; Novelli, Silvana; Mozos, Ana; Gallardo, Alberto; Pavón, Miguel Ángel; Céspedes, María Virtudes; Grańena, Albert; Alcoceba, Miguel; Blanco, Oscar; Gonzalez-Díaz, Marcos; Sierra, Jorge; Mangues, Ramon; Casanova, Isolda
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in the migration and trafficking of malignant B cells in several haematological malignancies. Over-expression of CXCR4 has been identified in haematological tumours, but data concerning the role of this receptor in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are lacking. CXCR4 is a marker of poor prognosis in various neoplasms, correlating with metastatic disease and decreased survival of patients. We studied CXCR4 involvement in cell migration in vitro and dissemination in vivo. We also evaluated the prognostic significance of CXCR4 in 94 biopsies of DLBCL patients. We observed that the level of expression of CXCR4 in DLBCL cell lines correlated positively with in vitro migration. Expression of the receptor was also associated with increased engraftment and dissemination, and decreased survival time in NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, administration of a specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, decreased dissemination of DLBCL cells in a xenograft mouse model. In addition, we found that CXCR4 expression is an independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival and progression-free survival in DLBCL patients. These results show that CXCR4 mediates dissemination of DLBCL cells and define for the first time its value as an independent prognostic marker in DLBCL patients. PMID:25231113
Sub-clinical diseases affecting performance in Standardbred trotters: diagnostic methods and predictive parameters.
Richard, Eric A; Fortier, Guillaume D; Pitel, Pierre-Hugues; Dupuis, Marie-Capucine; Valette, Jean-Paul; Art, Tatiana; Denoix, Jean-Marie; Lekeux, Pierre M; Erck, Emmanuelle Van
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical diseases in poorly-performing Standardbred horses, compare their physiological response to exercise with control horses, and identify predictive parameters of poor-performance. Fifty horses underwent thorough clinical and ancillary examinations, including haematological and biochemical evaluation, Doppler echocardiography, standardised exercise tests (SETs) on both treadmill and racetrack, treadmill video-endoscopy and collection of respiratory fluids. Most of the poorly-performing horses exhibited many concomitant diseases. The most frequently diagnosed problems involved the lower and upper respiratory tract and the musculoskeletal system. Poor-performers had lower speeds at a blood lactate (LA) concentration of 4mmol/L (V(LA4)) and a heart rate (HR) of 200bpm (V(200)) on treadmill and racetrack, as well as lower values for haematological parameters, plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme and antioxidants, compared to control horses. Problems of the respiratory system were the most frequently diagnosed sub-clinical diseases affecting performance. SETs, together with some blood markers, may be useful as a non-specific diagnostic tool for early detection of diseases that may affect performance. PMID:19477143
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: a 'unique coexistence'.
Ramakrishnan Geethakumari, Praveen; Rubin, Alexander; Varadi, Gabor
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a complex thrombotic microangiopathy, remains an evolving enigma. A 49-year-old African-American woman presented with acute left hemiplegia, an ischemic cerebrovascular accident involving the right middle cerebral artery. Sequential appearance of thrombocytopenia and evidence of microangiopathic haemolysis led to the diagnosis of acquired idiopathic autoimmune TTP. This was managed with plasma exchange (PEX) and steroids. Early haematologic relapse within a month was managed with the addition of rituximab attaining sustained remission. The patient presented 3 years later with acute confusion and expressive aphasia due to multiple infarcts involving the left parieto-occipital cortex. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a pedunculated 6?mm mitral valvular mass consistent with a papillary fibroelastoma. Anticoagulation was instituted and the patient was continued on therapeutic oral warfarin. A haematologic relapse of TTP eventually emerged and was managed with PEX, steroids and rituximab. This vignette demonstrates several dilemmas in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of TTP in current day practice. Rituximab has adjuvant benefits to PEX and is being investigated as potential first-line therapy. Monitoring ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor titre, as in our case, prove to have prognostic significance. Cardiac fibroelastomas are rare benign cardiac tumours usually arising from valvular endocardium with thromboembolic potential. One of the proposed mechanisms of origin of these masses is organizing thrombi in the setting of endocardial injury and inflammation questioning a possible link to thrombotic microangiopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this unique coexistence. PMID:24077148
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Serum from Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Sclerodermatous GVHD. Evidence of Defective Function of Factor H
Cinzia Scambi; Valentina La Verde; Lucia De Franceschi; Giovanni Barausse; Fabio Poli; Marco Sorio; Francesca Deriu; Paola Roncada; Oscar Bortolami; Francesco Turrini; Chiara Stranieri; Lisa M. Bambara; Domenico Biasi
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immunological and vascular abnormalities. Until now, the cause of SSc remains unclear. Sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (ScGVHD) is one of the most severe complications following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for haematological disorders. Since the first cases, the similarity of ScGVHD to SSc has been reported. However, both diseases could have different etiopathogeneses. The objective of this study was to identify new serum biomarkers involved in SSc and ScGVHD. Methodology: Serum was obtained from patients with SSc and ScGVHD, patients without ScGVHD who received BMT for haematological disorders and healthy controls. Bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2D) was carried out to generate maps of serum proteins from patients and controls. The 2D maps underwent image analysis and differently expressed proteins were identified. Immuno-blot analysis and ELISA assay were used to validate the proteomic data. Hemolytic assay with sheep erythrocytes was performed to evaluate the capacity of Factor H (FH) to control complement activation on the cellular
Expanded safety experience with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Chen, Christine; Reece, Donna E; Siegel, David; Niesvizky, Ruben; Boccia, Ralph V; Stadtmauer, Edward A; Abonour, Rafat; Richardson, Paul; Matous, Jeffrey; Kumar, Shaji; Bahlis, Nizar J; Alsina, Melissa; Vescio, Robert; Coutre, Steven E; Pietronigro, Dennis; Knight, Robert D; Zeldis, Jerome B; Rajkumar, Vincent
Lenalidomide gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) in combination with dexamethasone in June 2006. In April 2005, the FDA and patient advocacy groups requested an expanded access programme to both provide lenalidomide to patients likely to benefit and obtain additional safety information. Relapsed/refractory MM patients received lenalidomide 25 mg/d (days 1–21) and dexamethasone 40 mg/d (days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 of cycles 1–4; days 1–4 only from cycle 5 onwards), in 4-week cycles until disease progression, study drug discontinuation, or lenalidomide approval. Of the 1438 patients enrolled, ?60% were male, median age was 64 years, and 61·7% had Durie-Salmon stage III disease. Median time on study was 15·4 weeks (range: 0·1–49·1) and median dose was 25 mg. The most common adverse events (AEs) were haematological (49%), gastrointestinal (59%), and fatigue (55%). The most common grade ?3 AEs were haematological (45%), fatigue (10%), and pneumonia (7%). The most common serious AEs were pneumonia (8%), pyrexia (4%), and deep-vein thrombosis (3%). Primary cause of death was disease progression (10%). Safety data confirmed known AEs of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. PMID:19545290
Dental Treatment in Patients with Leukemia
Meurer, Maria Inęs; Grando, Liliane Janete; Gonzaga Del Moral, Joanita Ângela; da Silva Rath, Inęs Beatriz; Schaefer Tavares, Silvia
Dental treatment of patients with leukemia should be planned on the basis of antineoplastic therapy which can be chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Many are the oral manifestations presented by these patients, arising from leukemia and/or treatment. In addition, performing dental procedures at different stages of treatment (before, during, or after) must follow certain protocols in relation to the haematological indices of patients, aimed at maintaining health and contributing to the effectiveness of the results of antineoplastic therapy. Through a literature review, the purpose of this study was to report the hematological abnormalities present in patients with leukemia, trying to correlate them with the feasibility of dental treatment at different stages of the disease. It is concluded in this paper that dental treatment in relation to haematological indices presented by patients with leukemia must follow certain protocols, mainly related to neutrophil and platelet counts, and the presence of the dentist in a multidisciplinary team is required for the health care of this patient. PMID:25784937
Cryopreservation of Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application: A Review
Hunt, Charles J.
Summary Stem cells have been used in a clinical setting for many years. Haematopoietic stem cells have been used for the treatment of both haematological and non-haematological disease; while more recently mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow have been the subject of both laboratory and early clinical studies. Whilst these cells show both multipotency and expansion potential, they nonetheless do not form stable cell lines in culture which is likely to limit the breadth of their application in the field of regenerative medicine. Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells, capable of forming stable cell lines which retain the capacity to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers. This makes them of special significance in both regenerative medicine and toxicology. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may also provide a similar breadth of utility without some of the confounding ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells. An essential pre-requisite to the commercial and clinical application of stem cells are suitable cryopreservation protocols for long-term storage. Whilst effective methods for cryopreservation and storage have been developed for haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic cells and iPS cells have proved more refractory. This paper reviews the current state of cryopreservation as it pertains to stem cells and in particular the embryonic and iPS cell. PMID:21566712
Age-related changes in peripheral blood counts in humans
Anaemia has become a common concern in geriatric health. Since its prevalence varies quite significantly among different groups depending on factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle or fitness, the appropriateness of the current WHO definition of anaemia in the elderly may be questioned. We evaluated peripheral blood parameters from 1,724 individuals (908 women aged 18–101 years and 816 men aged 18–96 years), who were treated at the University of Heidelberg Medical Center with no known haematological history. Patients with a known malignant haematological or oncological disease or with chronic infection or inflammation were excluded. Patients with disorders affecting the kidneys, thyroid or stomach, as well as patients with a bleeding history, haemolysis or who had been previously diagnosed with anaemia were excluded from the study. Average haemoglobin levels for men beyond the age of 70 and for women beyond the age of 80 were found to fulfill the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of anaemia. While in our cohort ?20% of men and women between 60–69 years of age were by definition anaemic, these numbers steadily increased to 63% in females and 76% in males beyond the age of 90. Based on the results of our study and in accordance with the literature on this topic, we suggest age-adjusted criteria for the diagnosis of anaemia in the elderly in conjunction with a geriatric assessment. PMID:22993635
Age-related changes in peripheral blood counts in humans.
Mahlknecht, Ulrich; Kaiser, Simone
Anaemia has become a common concern in geriatric health. Since its prevalence varies quite significantly among different groups depending on factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle or fitness, the appropriateness of the current WHO definition of anaemia in the elderly may be questioned. We evaluated peripheral blood parameters from 1,724 individuals (908 women aged 18-101 years and 816 men aged 18-96 years), who were treated at the University of Heidelberg Medical Center with no known haematological history. Patients with a known malignant haematological or oncological disease or with chronic infection or inflammation were excluded. Patients with disorders affecting the kidneys, thyroid or stomach, as well as patients with a bleeding history, haemolysis or who had been previously diagnosed with anaemia were excluded from the study. Average haemoglobin levels for men beyond the age of 70 and for women beyond the age of 80 were found to fulfill the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of anaemia. While in our cohort ?20% of men and women between 60-69 years of age were by definition anaemic, these numbers steadily increased to 63% in females and 76% in males beyond the age of 90. Based on the results of our study and in accordance with the literature on this topic, we suggest age-adjusted criteria for the diagnosis of anaemia in the elderly in conjunction with a geriatric assessment. PMID:22993635
Alterations in plasma soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) concentrations during coronary artery bypass graft surgery: relationships with post-operative complications
Denizot, Yves; Leguyader, Alexandre; Cornu, Elisabeth; Laskar, Marc; Orsel, Isabelle; Vincent, Christelle; Nathan, Nathalie
Background Plasma concentrations of sFlt-1, the soluble form of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF), markedly increase during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). We investigated if plasma sFlt-1 values might be related to the occurrence of surgical complications after CABG. Methods Plasma samples were collected from the radial artery catheter before vascular cannulation and after opening the chest, at the end of ECC just before clamp release, after cross release, after weaning from ECC, at the 6th and 24th post-operative hour. Thirty one patients were investigated. The presence of cardiovascular, haematological and respiratory dysfunctions was prospectively assessed. Plasma sFlt-1 levels were measured with commercially ELISA kits. Results Among the 31 investigated patients, 15 had uneventful surgery. Patients with and without complications had similar pre-operative plasma sFlt-1 levels. Lowered plasma sFlt-1 levels were observed at the end of ECC in patients with haematological (p = 0.001, ANOVA) or cardiovascular (p = 0.006) impairments, but not with respiratory ones (p = 0.053), as compared to patients with uneventful surgery. Conclusion These results identify an association between specific post-CABG complication and the lower release of sFlt-1 during ECC. sFlt-1-induced VEGF neutralisation might, thus, be beneficial to reduce the development of post-operative adverse effects after CABG. PMID:18423019
Assessing the Systemic Toxicity in Rabbits after Sub Acute Exposure to Ocular Irritant Chemicals
Sruthi, Sudhakaran; Syama, Santhakumar; Gayathri, Vishwanath; Mohanan, Parayanthala Valappil
Eye is a highly vascularised organ. There are chances that a foreign substance can enter the systemic circulation through the eye and cause oxidative stress and evoke immune response. Here the eyes of rabbits were exposed, for a period of 7 days, to 5 known ocular irritants: Cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium salicylate (SS), imidazole (IMI), acetaminophen (ACT) and nicotinamide (NIC). The eyes were scored according to the draize scoring. Blood collected from the treated rabbit were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. After sacrifice, histological analysis of the eye and analysis of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1?, IL-1?, IL-8 and TNF-?) in the cornea using ELISA was carried out. Spleen was collected and the proliferation capacities of spleenocytes were analyzed. Liver and brain were collected and assessed for oxidative stress. The eye irritation potential of the chemicals was evident from the redness and swelling of the conjunctiva and cornea. Histopathological analysis and ELISA assay showed signs of inflammation in the eye. However, the haematological and biochemical parameters showed no change. Spleenocyte proliferations showed only slight alterations which were not significant. Also oxidative stress in the brain and liver were negligible. In conclusion, chemicals which cause ocular irritation and inflammation did not show any systemic side-effects in the present scenario. PMID:25874033
Preclinical antitumor activity of ST7612AA1: a new oral thiol-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.
Vesci, Loredana; Bernasconi, Elena; Milazzo, Ferdinando Maria; De Santis, Rita; Gaudio, Eugenio; Kwee, Ivo; Rinaldi, Andrea; Pace, Silvia; Carollo, Valeria; Giannini, Giuseppe; Bertoni, Francesco
ST7612AA1 (property of Sigma-Tau), a thioacetate-? (?-lactam amide) derivative, is a potent, second generation, oral pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of ST7612AA1 in solid and haematological tumors, and to characterize its mechanism of action. In vitro, ST7612AA1 potently inhibited different class I and class II HDACs, leading to restore the balance of both histone and non-histone protein acetylation. In vivo, it induced significant anti-tumor effects in xenograft models of lung, colon, breast and ovarian carcinomas, leukemia and lymphoma. This was likely due to the modulation of different HDAC substrates and induction of transcriptional changes with respect to several genes involved in key processes, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage checkpoints, immune response, cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PK analysis confirmed the pro-drug nature of ST7612AA1, which is rapidly absorbed and converted to ST7464AA1 after a single oral dose in mice. ST7612AA1 was selected from a novel generation of oral HDAC inhibitors. Its high efficacy correlated with its potent and selective inhibitory activity of HDAC and was combined with a favorable pharmacodynamics profile. These aspects support a clinical development of ST7612AA1 towards a broad spectrum of human solid and haematologic malignancies. PMID:25671299
rhGM-CSF ameliorates neutropenia in patients with malignant glioma treated with BCNU.
Rampling, R.; Steward, W.; Paul, J.; Macham, M. A.; Harvey, E.; Eckley, D.
Nitrosoureas are the drugs most effective in the treatment of patients with intracerebral malignant glioma. Their limiting toxicity is delayed myelosuppression. A prospective, randomised crossover study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was performed in patients receiving BCNU for relapsed glioblastoma, to investigate whether the resulting haematological toxicity profile could be modified by rhGM-CSF. Adequate data for analysis were obtained in 13 patients. Following BCNU, the nadir neutrophil count was higher in 12 out of 13 patients during the rhGM-CSF-protected cycles compared with the unprotected cycles. The median nadir was also significantly higher (1.79, CI 0.76-3.52, P < 0.005). Five episodes of neutropenia (< 2 x 10(9) l-1) occurred during the unprotected cycles compared with none in the rhGM-CSF-protected cycles (P = 0.076). There was no evidence of any effect on platelets. This result shows that the haematological toxicity profile following therapeutic doses of BCNU can be modified. It suggests that rhGM-CSF and other growth factors should be investigated for clinical efficacy in chemotherapy using nitrosoureas. PMID:8123485
First case of Anaplasma platys infection in a dog from Croatia
Background It is known that Anaplasma (A.) platys, the causative agent of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, is endemic in countries of the Mediterranean basin. However, few reports are available from the Balkans. This case report describes a dog, which was imported from Croatia to Germany in May 2010. One month later the dog was presented to a local veterinarian in Germany due to intermittent/recurrent diarrhoea. Diagnostic tests were performed to identify infections caused by Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Leishmania spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and/or Dirofilaria immitis. Findings Haematological examination of a blood smear revealed basophilic inclusions in thrombocytes, which were confirmed as A. platys with a species-specific real-time PCR. Additionally, an infection with Babesia (B.) vogeli was also detected (PCR and serology). No specific antibodies against Anaplasma antigen were detectable. Although the dog showed no specific clinical signs, thrombocytopenia, anaemia and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed. Sequencing of a 1,348-bp partial ribosomal RNA gene revealed highest homology to A. platys sequences from Thailand, Japan and France. Conclusions A. platys was detected for first time in a dog imported from Croatia. As the dog was also co-infected by B. vogeli, unique serological and haematological findings were recorded. Thrombocytopenia, anaemia and elevated values of C-reactive protein were the laboratory test abnormalities observed in this case. A. platys infections should be considered in dogs coming from Croatia and adjacent regions. PMID:22401583
Spectrum of pure red cell aplasia in adult population of north-west India.
Malhotra, Pankaj; Muralikrishna, G K; Varma, Neelam; Kumari, Savita; Das, Reena; Ahluwalia, Jasmina; Jain, Sanjay; Varma, Subhash
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare haematological disorder characterised by selective inhibition of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. We conducted a retrospective analysis of nine cases of PRCA seen in our adult haematology clinic from January 2000 to December 2003. All patients had baseline hemogram, bone marrow examination, CT scan of chest, autoimmune and infectious disease markers. The diagnosis of PRCA was made on bone marrow examination showing normal granulocytic and megakaryocytic series with erythroblastopenia. The age range was 14-68 years (median: 40 years) and a male to female ratio of 3 : 1. In five patients, the aetiology of PRCA could not be identified with available investigations and were labelled as primary PRCA. The secondary causes of PRCA included three cases of thymoma and one case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Out of nine patients, three patients had died and two lost to follow-up. At the last available follow-up till December 2006, three patients (one secondary and two primary PRCA) are maintaining normal haemoglobin and one patient still has active disease. The retrospective review shows that causes and outcome of PRCA in the developing world are different to those seen in the West. PMID:18616874
Breastfeeding in HIV exposed infants significantly improves child health: a prospective study.
Kindra, Gurpreet; Coutsoudis, Anna; Esposito, Francesca; Esterhuizen, Tonya
Breastfeeding has been shown to benefit both maternal and child immune status. The impact of exclusive breastfeeding in the presence of HIV infection on maternal and child health is still unclear. Socio-economic factors make breast-feeding an important source of nutrition for an infant 6 months and under in the developing world. A prospective study was conducted to examine the impact of feeding mode on various maternal indices including anthropometry; body composition indicators (using FTIR); haematology and biochemical markers; as well as incidence rates of opportunistic infections and clinical disease progression. In infants we examined the impact on growth, development and morbidity. AFASS criteria (affordable, feasible, accessible, sustainable and safe) were fulfilled by 38.7% of the formula feeding mothers. No significant differences between the formula feeding and breastfeeding groups in terms of haematological, immunological and body composition changes were seen. Breastfeeding mothers had significantly lower events with high depression scores (P = 0.043). Breastfeeding infants had a significantly lower risk of diarrhoea and hospitalisation at 3 months (P = 0.006 and 0.014 respectively). Breastfeeding was significantly associated with better development scores and growth parameters. Breastfeeding is not harmful to the mother in the presence of HIV infection. Mothers are still choosing formula feeding inappropriately despite counselling about the AFASS criteria. Breastfeeding is beneficial to the infants especially in the first 3 months of life. PMID:21505776
Protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis by immunostimulation with herbal drugs derived from Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus.
Kaur, Sukhbir; Chauhan, Kalpana; Sachdeva, Heena
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease targeting tissue macrophages. It is among the most neglected infectious diseases. As available therapeutics for treatment of this disease have many side effects, there is a need for safer alternatives. One of the immunopathological consequences of active visceral leishmaniasis is suppression of protective T-helper (Th)-1 cells and induction of disease-promoting Th-2 cells, and thus the treatment of VL relies on immunomodulation. In the current study, herbal drugs derived as whole-plant extracts of Asparagus racemosus and Withania somnifera were used to treat Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Keeping the scenario of immunosuppression during VL in mind, the potential of these drugs in the restoration of murine Th-1-type protective immune responses was evaluated. To investigate the propensity of these drugs to treat VL, liver parasite load, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and parasite-specific immunoglobulin levels were studied. Various biochemical and haematological tests were also carried out. A positive-control group used the standard drug treatment of sodium stibogluconate. Treatment of infected mice with A. racemosus and W. somnifera in combination at the higher dose of 200 mg (kg body weight)(-1) not only resulted in a successful reduction in parasite load but also generated protective Th1-type immune responses with normalization of biochemical and haematological parameters, suggesting their potential as potent anti-leishmanial agents. PMID:25082945
Reproductive activities of Heliotropium indicum isolate against Helopeltis theivora and toxicity evaluation in mice.
Dolui, A K; Debnath, Manabendra; De, B; Kumar, Atul
A new compound E was isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Heliotropium indicum by chromatographic fractionation. In the present study, the effect of the compound E on reproduction of Helopeltis theivora has been evaluated. The acute toxicity study (LD50) and sub-acute toxicity studies (haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters) in albino Swiss mice were carried out to evaluate the safety aspect of the compound E. The compound showed significant inhibitory effect on the reproductive life of H. theivora. The oviposition period, fecundity and hatching percentage of H. theivora were found to be 15.67 days, 39.33 and 28.00% respectively after treatment with 2% compound E, whereas the control value were found to be 20.33 days, 77.67 and 77.33% respectively. The LD50 of the compound was found to be 780 mg kg(-1) in Swiss albino female mice. The compound did not show any toxicity in mice at sub-lethal dose treatment (78 mg kg(-1) b. wt., once daily) for 21 days as evident from different haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters in compound E treated group when compared with control. PMID:23029910
Mild haemorheological changes induced by a moderate endurance exercise in patients with sickle cell anaemia.
Balayssac-Siransy, Edwige; Connes, Philippe; Tuo, Nalourgo; Danho, Clotaire; Diaw, Mor; Sanogo, Ibrahima; Hardy-Dessources, Marie-Dominique; Samb, Abdoulaye; Ballas, Samir K; Bogui, Pascal
The levels and duration of physical activity that can be considered as completely safe in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is unknown. The present study compared the haemorheological and haematological profile, cell density distribution and basic biochemistry between a group of 17 patients with SCA and 21 healthy subjects before and after a 20 min duration submaximal cycling exercise at the same absolute workload. Blood was sampled at rest and 3 min after the end of exercise for measurement of biological parameters. Exercise did not affect the haematocrit and blood viscosity in the two groups. Plasma viscosity was not different between the two groups at rest and similarly increased with exercise. The proportion of intermediary dense cells (with density between 1·11 and 1·12 g/ml) decreased with exercise in the SCA group resulting in an increase in the proportion of red blood cells with a density >1·12 g/ml. No change was observed in the control group. The present study suggests that mild-moderate exercise is not very harmful for SCA patients. The haemorheological and haematological changes were very mild, except for the formation of dense cells but no clinically significant signs of medical complication were present in any of the patients. PMID:21569006
Effect of Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Cyprinus carpio
Sukumaran, NatarajaPillai
The main objective of the present study is to improve the immune power of Cyprinus carpio by using Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract as immunostimulants. The haematological, immunological and enzymatic studies were conducted on the medicated fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen. The results obtained from the haematological studies show that the RBC count, WBC count and haemoglobin content were increased in the infected fish at higher concentration of leaf extract. The feeds with leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta were able to stimulate the specific immune response by increasing the titre value of antibody. It was able to stimulate the antibody production only up to the 5th day, when fed with higher concentrations of (25 g and 50 g) plant leaf extract. The plant extract showed non-specific immune responses such as lysozyme activity, phagocytic ratio, NBT assay, etc. at higher concentration (50 g) and in the same concentration (50 g), the leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta significantly eliminated the pathogen in blood and kidney. It was observed that fish have survival percentage significantly at higher concentration (50 g) of Euphorbia hirta, when compared with the control. The obtained results are statistically significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels. This research work suggests that the plant Euphorbia hirta has immunostimulant activity by stimulating both specific and non-specific immunity at higher concentrations. PMID:25405077
Low frequency of anti-D alloimmunization following D+ platelet transfusion: the Anti-D Alloimmunization after D-incompatible Platelet Transfusions (ADAPT) study.
Cid, Joan; Lozano, Miguel; Ziman, Alyssa; West, Kamille A; O'Brien, Kerry L; Murphy, Michael F; Wendel, Silvano; Vázquez, Alejandro; Ortín, Xavier; Hervig, Tor A; Delaney, Meghan; Flegel, Willy A; Yazer, Mark H
The reported frequency of D alloimmunization in D- recipients after transfusion of D+ platelets varies. This study was designed to determine the frequency of D alloimmunization, previously reported to be an average of 5 ± 2%. A primary anti-D immune response was defined as the detection of anti-D ? 28 d following the first D+ platelet transfusion. Data were collected on 485 D- recipients of D+ platelets in 11 centres between 2010 and 2012. Their median age was 60 (range 2-100) years. Diagnoses included: haematological (203/485, 42%), oncological (64/485, 13%) and other diseases (218/485, 45%). Only 7/485 (1·44%; 95% CI 0·58-2·97%) recipients had a primary anti-D response after a median serological follow-up of 77 d (range: 28-2111). There were no statistically significant differences between the primary anti-D formers and the other patients, in terms of gender, age, receipt of immunosuppressive therapy, proportion of patients with haematological/oncological diseases, transfusion of whole blood-derived or apheresis platelets or both, and total number of transfused platelet products. This is the largest study with the longest follow-up of D alloimmunization following D+ platelet transfusion. The low frequency of D alloimmunization should be considered when deciding whether to administer Rh Immune Globulin to D- males and D- females without childbearing potential after transfusion of D+ platelets. PMID:25283094
Phase II study of capecitabine as palliative treatment for patients with recurrent and metastatic squamous head and neck cancer after previous platinum-based treatment
Martinez-Trufero, J; Isla, D; Adansa, J C; Irigoyen, A; Hitt, R; Gil-Arnaiz, I; Lambea, J; Lecumberri, M J; Cruz, J J
Background: Platinum-based therapy (PBT) is the standard therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC), but the incidence of recurrence remains high. This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of capecitabine as palliative monotherapy for recurrent HNC previously treated with PBT. Methods: Patients aged 18–75 years, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–2, squamous HNC with locoregional and/or metastatic recurrence previously treated with PBT and adequate organ functions, were included. Capecitabine (1.250?mg?m?2 BID) was administered on days 1–14 every 21 days for at least two cycles. Results: A total of 40 male patients with a median age of 58 years were analysed. All patients received a median number of four cycles of capecitabine (range: 1–9) and the median relative dose intensity was 91%. Seven patients were not evaluable for response. Overall response rate was 24.2%. Median time to progression and overall survival were 4.8 and 7.3 months, respectively. Haematological adverse events (AEs) grade 3/4 were reported in six patients. Most common grade 3/4 non-haematological AEs were asthenia (12.5%), palmar-plantar eritrodisestesia (10%), mucositis (10%), dysphagia (10%) and diarrhoea (7.5%). Conclusions: Capecitabine seems to be an active, feasible and well-tolerated mode of palliative treatment for advanced HNC patients who have previously received PBT schedules. PMID:20485287
Determination of Oxidative Stress Related Toxicity on Repeated Dermal Exposure of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Rats
Parayanthala Valappil, Mohanan; Santhakumar, Syama; Arumugam, Sabareeswaran
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) have numerous applications, such as substitute for bone grafting, bone fillers, bioceramic coating, and dental fillings. The toxicity of these nanomaterials is of growing concern despite their significant scientific interest and promising potential in many applications. In this study, an in-house synthesized, characterized HANP of size <50?nm was investigated for the dermal toxicity. A paste of HANPs was prepared in water and applied on the dorsal side of the rats for 28 days. At the end of 28 days, blood was subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis. Gross necropsy was conducted and major organs were collected for histopathological observations. Liver from the animals was evaluated for lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes activity. It was observed that none of the animals showed any abnormality during the experimental period. Gross examination of carcasses did not reveal any abnormality in the organs examined. The results also demonstrated that there was no significant fluctuation in the level of antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, and haematological and biochemical parameters. There was no histopathological lesion observed in any of the organs. Hence, it can be concluded that the synthesized HANPs were nontoxic at cellular level, when exposed dermally to rats. PMID:25587279
Effect of Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Cyprinus carpio.
Pratheepa, Vijayakumari; Sukumaran, NatarajaPillai
The main objective of the present study is to improve the immune power of Cyprinus carpio by using Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract as immunostimulants. The haematological, immunological and enzymatic studies were conducted on the medicated fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen. The results obtained from the haematological studies show that the RBC count, WBC count and haemoglobin content were increased in the infected fish at higher concentration of leaf extract. The feeds with leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta were able to stimulate the specific immune response by increasing the titre value of antibody. It was able to stimulate the antibody production only up to the 5th day, when fed with higher concentrations of (25 g and 50 g) plant leaf extract. The plant extract showed non-specific immune responses such as lysozyme activity, phagocytic ratio, NBT assay, etc. at higher concentration (50 g) and in the same concentration (50 g), the leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta significantly eliminated the pathogen in blood and kidney. It was observed that fish have survival percentage significantly at higher concentration (50 g) of Euphorbia hirta, when compared with the control. The obtained results are statistically significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels. This research work suggests that the plant Euphorbia hirta has immunostimulant activity by stimulating both specific and non-specific immunity at higher concentrations. PMID:25405077
The Role of Translation Initiation Regulation in Haematopoiesis
Grech, Godfrey; von Lindern, Marieke
Organisation of RNAs into functional subgroups that are translated in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlines a relatively unexplored gene expression modulation that drives cell fate in the same manner as regulation of the transcriptome by transcription factors. Recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses and haematological disorders indicate clearly that the regulation of mRNA translation at the level of translation initiation, mRNA stability, and protein isoform synthesis is implicated in the tight regulation of gene expression. This paper outlines how these posttranscriptional control mechanisms, including control at the level of translation initiation factors and the role of RNA binding proteins, affect hematopoiesis. The clinical relevance of these mechanisms in haematological disorders indicates clearly the potential therapeutic implications and the need of molecular tools that allow measurement at the level of translational control. Although the importance of miRNAs in translation control is well recognised and studied extensively, this paper will exclude detailed account of this level of control. PMID:22649283
Lactoferrin-deficient neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes in leukaemias: a semiquantitative and ultrastructural cytochemical study.
Miyauchi, J; Watanabe, Y; Enomoto, Y; Takeuchi, K
Semiquantitative analysis of lactoferrin deficiency in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes in various haematological and non-haematological disease was carried out by scoring polymorphonuclear leucocytes stained for lactoferrin by the immunoperoxidase method. The staining patterns for lactoferrin were classified into four types (0-III) based on the intensity of reaction, and the sum of the ratings of 100 polymorphonuclear leucocytes was considered as "lactoferrin score" with a possible range of 0-300. As a result, significantly low lactoferrin-scores were frequently observed in acute leukaemias and the acute phase of chronic leukaemias. Of 35 cases with leukaemias, lactoferrin-negative polymorphonuclear leucocytes (type 0) were observed in the following cases: eight cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia (8/14), a case of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (1/10) in blast crisis, one of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (1/1), one of acute monocytic leukaemia (1/2), and a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (1/2) in a transitional phase to an acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. In two cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia, in which the majority of polymorphonuclear leucocytes were negative for lactoferrin, ultrastructural cytochemical study revealed total lack of specific granules in these polymorphonuclear leucocytes. This suggests that lactoferrin is localised in the specific granules of neutrophils as has been postulated previously by others. Images PMID:6317719
[Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM)--cases report].
Hozyasz, Kamil K; Gryglicka, Halina; Radomyska, Barbara
Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is characterised by sudden calf pain and inability to walk. We analyzed the characteristics of seven boys and two girls with BACM treated in the Pediatric Department from April 2005 to March 2009. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 7 +/- 2 years. Two boys were hospitalized twice for BACM. All cases occurred in winter or spring. 7 out of all admissions were clustered together in one week long periods. Patients demonstrated prodromal symptoms of flu-like illness followed by the sudden onset of difficulty in walking. One girl additionally complained of a painful right hip. Four patients received inosine pranobex for prodromal viral infection before the clinical onset of myositis. In all cases, creatine phosphokinase (CPK; the highest value at 8988 U/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; the highest value at 329 U/l) values were elevated. The serum concentration of myoglobin was elevated in five out of six tested patients (the highest value at 2172 microg/l). The following haematological abnormalities were detected: leucocytopenia (the lowest WBC 1.35 x 10(3)/microl), neutropenia, and trombocytopenia. All patients made a rapid recovery within 1 to 5 days. Pediatricians and emergency medicine specialists must be aware that BACM is a self-limiting disorder with the acute onset of inability to walk, elevated CPK and AST levels, and transient haematological abnormalities. There is no sufficient data from clinical reports on immunostimulant use before the onset of BACM. PMID:19856879
Bendamustine in combination with thalidomide and dexamethasone is a viable salvage option in myeloma relapsed and/or refractory to bortezomib and lenalidomide.
Lau, I-Jun; Smith, Dean; Aitchison, Robin; Blesing, Norbert; Roberts, Pamela; Peniket, Andrew; Yong, Kwee; Rabin, Neil; Ramasamy, Karthik
Treatment options are limited in myeloma relapsed or refractory to both bortezomib and lenalidomide (double-relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; DRMM). Bendamustine is an antitumour agent that has efficacy in relapsed myeloma. We retrospectively analysed data from 30 DRMM patients who received a combination of bendamustine, thalidomide and dexamethasone (BTD) in 28-day treatment cycles. Bendamustine was administered with a cumulative dose of up to 200 mg/m(2). Thalidomide (50-150 mg) was given daily as tolerated, and dexamethasone was given at an equivalent dose of up to 160 mg per cycle. A median of 5 (2-9) treatment cycles were administered per patient. Twenty-six patients (87 %) achieved stable disease or better. At a median follow-up time of 12.1 (2.3-21.5) months, median (95 % CI) progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.0 (2.6-5.3) months and 7.2 (5.2-9.2) months, respectively. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were haematological: anaemia (n?=?8, 34.8 %), neutropenia (n?=?16, 69.6 %) and thrombocytopenia (n?=?10, 43.5 %). Non-haematological toxicities included pain (n?=?3, 13.0 %), infection (n?=?7, 30.4 %) and sensory neuropathy (n?=?1, 4.3 %). We propose that BTD is a viable salvage treatment option for DRMM patients. PMID:25345871
Haematobiochemical parameters of goats fed tannin rich Psidium guajava and Carissa spinarum against Haemonchus contortus infection in India.
Jan, Owais Qadir; Kamili, Neyaz; Ashraf, Ajmal; Iqbal, Asif; Sharma, R K; Rastogi, Ankur
The antihelminthic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs to minimise the effects of gastro intestinal nematodes (GIN). The present study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the effect of condensed tannins (CT), obtained from regional tanniferous tree leaves, in the Haemonchus contortus infected goats on the heamatobiochemical parameters to assess the goat health. Twelve adult male goats were randomly divided into three equal groups, namely negative control, infected control and treatment. H. contortus infected goats were allocated into infected control and treatment groups and their feeds contained 0 and 1.96 % of CT, respectively. Feeding trial was conducted for the duration of 90 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored on fortnightly basis. The animals ingesting the CT-rich leaf meal mixture had increased levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, globulin, glucose and calcium, and decreased levels of blood urea; indicating a beneficial effect of CT supplementation at the selected level. However, the phosphorus balance, serum albumin levels and serum enzyme activity were not affected significantly. The study revealed that inclusion of CT in the diets of the adult male goats did not pose any threat to the health of the goats. Further, the CT based diet had beneficial impact on the haematological parameters and could therefore be included in small ruminant diets to minimize the impact of GIN. PMID:25698858
Molecular Prevalence of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi in Dairy Animals from Punjab, India, by Duplex PCR: A Step Forward to the Detection and Management of Concurrent Latent Infections
Sharma, Amrita; Singla, Lachhman Das; Tuli, Ashuma; Kaur, Paramjit; Batth, Balwinder Kaur; Javed, Mohammed; Juyal, Prayag Dutt
Specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of Punjab, India, for simultaneous detection of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi. The results were compared and correlated with conventional Giemsa stained thin blood smear (GSTBS) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. The Bg3/Bg4 and TR3/TR4 primers were used in duplex PCR for B. bigemina and T. evansi amplified products of 689?bp and 257?bp, respectively. The overall prevalence by duplex PCR was found to be 36.49, 2.43, and 3.41% for T. evansi, B. bigemina, and dual infection, respectively. A more significant difference was observed for dual infection status (P ? 0.005) as compared to T. evansi (P ? 0.05) and B. bigemina (P ? 0.01) among various districts under study. A very low prevalence of T. evansi (0.73%) and B. bigemina (0.48%) was seen by GSTBS. The highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective duplex PCR was able to detect latent T. evansi and B. bigemina infection in cattle and buffaloes. Haematological evaluation revealed marked pathology in B. bigemina infected group and in dual infected group in contrast to that infected with T. evansi alone. PMID:24069605
Noninvasive ventilation: application to the cancer patient admitted in the intensive care unit.
Meert, A P; Close, L; Hardy, M; Berghmans, T; Markiewicz, E; Sculier, J P
The objective of this retrospective study of prospectively registered patients was to determine the usefulness and efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in cancer patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit of an European cancer hospital for a medical complication, as reflected in discharges from the intensive care unit (ICU) and from hospital. The subjects were a total of 40 consecutive cancer patients (28 with solid tumours and 12 with haematological malignancies) who required immediate or delayed NIV. Variables relating to demographic parameters, severity scores, cancer characteristics, intensive care data and hospital discharge were recorded. The complications making NIV necessary were hypoxaemic pneumonia in 32.5%, hypercapnic ventilatory failure in 30%, multifactorial respiratory failure in 17.5%, acute haemodynamic oedema in 10%, acute respiratory distress syndrome in 2.5%, alveolar haemorrhage in 2.5%, pulmonary embolism in 2.5% and lysis pneumopathy in 2.5%. Most of the patients, 57.5% and 42.5%, respectively, were discharged from the ICU and from the hospital. Among the 10 patients (25%) who required salvage invasive mechanical ventilation, only 1 was discharged from hospital. Sixty-four per cent of the solid tumour patients and 42% of those with haematological malignancies were discharged from the ICU and 50% and 25%, respectively, from the hospital. NIV thus appears to be an effective form of ventilatory support for cancer patients, including those with solid tumours. PMID:12527955
Temozolomide and Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy Alone in High Grade Gliomas: A Very Long Term Comparative Study and Literature Review
Parisi, Salvatore; Corsa, Pietro; Raguso, Arcangela; Perrone, Antonio; Cossa, Sabrina; Munafň, Tindara; Sanpaolo, Gerardo; Donno, Elisa; Clemente, Maria Antonietta; Piombino, Michele; Parisi, Federico; Valle, Guido
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line drug in the care of high grade gliomas. The combined treatment of TMZ plus radiotherapy is more effective in the care of brain gliomas then radiotherapy alone. Aim of this report is a survival comparison, on a long time (>10 years) span, of glioma patients treated with radiotherapy alone and with radiotherapy + TMZ. Materials and Methods. In this report we retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 128 consecutive pts with diagnosis of high grade gliomas referred to our institutions from April 1994 to November 2001. The first 64?pts were treated with RT alone and the other 64 with a combination of RT and adjuvant or concomitant TMZ. Results. Grade 3 (G3) haematological toxicity was recorded in 6 (9%) of 64?pts treated with RT and TMZ. No G4 haematological toxicity was observed. Age, histology, and administration of TMZ were statistically significant prognostic factors associated with 2 years overall survival (OS). PFS was for GBM 9 months, for AA 11. Conclusions. The combination of RT and TMZ improves long term survival in glioma patients. Our results confirm the superiority of the combination on a long time basis. PMID:25815327
Effect of road transport for up to 24 hours followed by twenty-four hour recovery on live weight and physiological responses of bulls
Background The transport of livestock can have major implications for their welfare, and there is strong public interest and scientific endeavour aimed at ensuring that the welfare of transported animals is optimal. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of transport on live weight, physiological and haematological responses of bulls after road transport of 0, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours (h). Seventy-two Charolais bulls (mean weight (s.d.) 367 (35) kg), naďve to transport, were randomly assigned to one of six journey (J) times of 0 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h transport (n = 12 animals/treatment) at a stocking density of 1.02 m2/bull. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture before transport (-0.25 h), immediately after (0 h) and at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h relative to time 0 h. The bulls were weighed before transport (- 24 h and - 0.25 h), immediately after (0 h), and at 4 h, 12 h and 24 h relative to time 0 h. Control animals were blood sampled before assignment (-0.25 h) to novel pens, after (24 h), and at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h relative to the 24 h sampling time point. Results Bulls travelling for 6 h (280 km), 9 h (435 km), 12 h (582 km), 18 h (902 km) and 24 h (1192 km) lost 4.7, 4.5, 5.7 (P < 0.05), 6.6 (P < 0.05) and 7.5 (P < 0.05) percentage (%) live weight compared with baseline. Live weight re-gained to pre-transport levels during the 24 h recovery period. Lymphocyte percentages were lower (P < 0.05) and neutrophil percentages were greater (P < 0.05) in all animals. Blood protein, glucose and NEFA concentrations and creatine kinase activity were greater (P < 0.05) in the bulls following transport and returned to baseline within 24 h. Conclusions Under the conditions of the present study, transport of bulls on journeys by road, ranging from 6 h (280 km) to 24 h (1192 km) duration, affected live weight, haematological and physiological measurements of metabolism and inflammation. Our findings showed that live weight and some physiological and haematological responses of bulls returned to pre-transport levels within 24 h with animals having had access to feed and water. PMID:20646269
Burkitt's lymphoma presenting with hypopituitarism: a case report and review of literature
Sobah, Shahada A H
Summary Hypopituitarism is a rare presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). The purpose of this report is to present a case of BL presenting with panhypopituitarism and to review other case reports of lymphoma presenting with pituitary dysfunction to highlight the distinguishing features of these cases from other benign aetiologies of pituitary dysfunction such as non-functioning pituitary adenomas. We reviewed a total of 11 cases of lymphoma presenting with pituitary dysfunction published from 1998 to 2013 including the present case. The demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory features, radiological findings, histological diagnosis, treatment administered and outcomes were described. Of the total number of patients, 45.5% of the cases had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma while 27.3% had BL. Anterior pituitary dysfunction was more common than posterior pituitary dysfunction at presentation. The other common associated presenting symptoms were painful ophthalmoplegia, cranial nerve palsies and constitutional symptoms. Hypothalamic–pituitary abnormalities were often demonstrated radiologically to be associated with cavernous sinus and/or stalk involvement. All patients who completed immunochemotherapy responded haematologically. Pituitary dysfunction also improved in most cases although the recovery tended to be partial. In conclusion, a high index of suspicion of underlying malignancy, such as lymphoma, should be present in patients presenting with acute pituitary dysfunction associated with painful ophthalmoplegia, rapidly evolving neurological features, radiological features atypical of a pituitary adenoma and constitutional symptoms. An early diagnosis is essential as prompt initiation of definitive therapy will induce disease remission and recovery of pituitary dysfunction. Learning points Hypopituitarism may be the presenting symptom of lymphoma in the absence of associated overt symptoms or signs of a haematological malignancy resulting in delay in diagnosis and institution of treatment.Pituitary dysfunction due to tumour infiltration has a greater tendency to involve the posterior pituitary and infundibulum resulting in diabetes insipidus and hyperprolactinaemia compared with a non-functioning pituitary adenoma.The common associated symptoms of hypopituitarism due to lymphoma infiltration of the hypothalamic–pituitary system include painful ophthalmoplegia, cranial nerve palsies and constitutional symptoms.Radiological abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary region are usually present and often associated with cavernous sinus or stalk involvement.With early institution of definitive treatment, both haematological response and improvement of pituitary dysfunction are expected although the reversal of hypopituitarism tends to be partial and delayed.A high index of suspicion of underlying malignancy such as lymphoma should be present in patients presenting with acute pituitary dysfunction associated with painful ophthalmoplegia, radiological features atypical of pituitary adenomas and constitutional symptoms to enable early diagnosis and prompt initiation of definitive therapy. PMID:25045522
Pharmacogenomic studies of the anticancer and immunosuppressive thiopurines mercaptopurine and azathioprine
Hawwa, Ahmed F; Millership, Jeff S; Collier, Paul S; Vandenbroeck, Koen; McCarthy, Anthony; Dempsey, Sid; Cairns, Carole; Collins, John; Rodgers, Colin; McElnay, James C
AIMS To examine the allelic variation of three enzymes involved in 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine (6-MP/AZA) metabolism and evaluate the influence of these polymorphisms on toxicity, haematological parameters and metabolite levels in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 19 ALL paediatric patients and 35 IBD patients who were receiving 6-MP/AZA therapy. All patients were screened for seven genetic polymorphisms in three enzymes involved in mercaptopurine metabolism [xanthine oxidase, inosine triphosphatase (C94?A and IVS2+21A?C) and thiopurine methyltransferase]. Erythrocyte and plasma metabolite concentrations were also determined. The associations between the various genotypes and myelotoxicity, haematological parameters and metabolite concentrations were determined. RESULTS Thiopurine methyltransferase variant alleles were associated with a preferential metabolism away from 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotides (P = 0.008 in ALL patients, P = 0.038 in IBD patients) favouring 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGNs) (P = 0.021 in ALL patients). Interestingly, carriers of inosine triphosphatase IVS2+21A?C variants among ALL and IBD patients had significantly higher concentrations of the active cytotoxic metabolites, 6-TGNs (P = 0.008 in ALL patients, P = 0.047 in IBD patients). The study confirmed the association of thiopurine methyltransferaseheterozygosity with leucopenia and neutropenia in ALL patients and reported a significant association between inosine triphosphatase IVS2+21A?C variants with thrombocytopenia (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in the 6-MP pathway may help identify patients at risk for associated toxicities and may serve as a guide for dose individualization. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) are both inactive prodrugs that require intracellular activation into the active 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGNs).This metabolic process undergoes three different competitive pathways that are catalysed by three different enzymes; xanthine oxidase (XO), thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and inosine triphosphatase (ITPA), all of which exhibit genetic polymorphisms.Although the impact of genetic variation in the TPMT gene on treatment outcome and toxicity has been demonstrated, the role of other polymorphisms remains less well known. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS New information on the allelic variation of these three enzymes (XO, TPMT and ITPA) and their influence on 6-MP/AZA metabolism and toxicity.Confirmation of the association of TPMT polymorphism with haematological toxicity.Identified potential genetic characteristics that may contribute to higher risk of adverse events (such as ITPA IVS2+21A?C mutation). PMID:18662289
Ingestion of colostrum from specific cows induces Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) in some calves
Background Since 2006, cases of haemorrhagic diathesis in young calves have been observed with a much higher incidence than previously known. The syndrome, now uniformly called Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP), is characterized by multiple (external and internal) haemorrhages, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and bone marrow depletion. Although various infectious and toxicological causes of bleeding disorders in calves have been ruled out, the aetiology of BNP remains unknown. However, field observations have led to the hypothesis that the aetiological principle may be transmitted to calves via colostrum. The objective of the present study was to verify whether ingestion of colostrum from dams of known BNP calves can elicit signs of BNP and typical haematological findings in conveniently selected neonatal calves. Six such calves received one feeding of colostrum (or a mixture of colostrum batches) from dams of known BNP calves. As controls, another six conveniently selected calves from herds which had never had a BNP case received one feeding of colostrum from their own dams. Haematological and clinical parameters were monitored. Results One of the six experimental calves never showed any haematological, clinical or pathological evidence of BNP. In the other five calves, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts dropped within a few hours following ingestion of colostrum. Of those, three calves developed clinical signs of BNP, their post-mortem examination revealed bone marrow depletion. Of the remaining two calves, a pair of mixed twins, marked thrombocytopenia and recurrent leukocytopenia was evident in one, in which only slight changes in the bone marrow were detected, while in the other thrombocyte counts dropped, but rebounded later, and no bone marrow changes were noted. Thrombocyte counts of the experimental calves were statistically significantly lower than those of the control calves at 2 hours post ingestion of colostrum and at every sampling point between 9 hours and 8 days postcolostral. Leucocyte counts of the experimental calves were statistically significantly lower than those of control calves at 2 hours post ingestion of colostrum and 3-7 days postcolostral. Conclusions BNP can be induced in some calves by ingestion of colostrum from cows that have given birth to BNP calves. PMID:21333009
Immunotherapy of Malignant Disease Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engrafted T Cells
Maher, John
Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) based immunotherapy has been under development for almost 25 years, over which period it has progressed from a new but cumbersome technology to an emerging therapeutic modality for malignant disease. The approach involves the genetic engineering of fusion receptors (CARs) that couple the HLA-independent binding of cell surface target molecules to the delivery of a tailored activating signal to host immune cells. Engineered CARs are delivered most commonly to peripheral blood T cells using a range of vector systems, most commonly integrating viral vectors. Preclinical refinement of this approach has proceeded over several years to the point that clinical testing is now being undertaken at several centres, using increasingly sophisticated and therapeutically successful genetic payloads. This paper considers several aspects of the pre-clinical and clinical development of CAR-based immunotherapy and how this technology is acquiring an increasing niche in the treatment of both solid and haematological malignancies. PMID:23304553
Lead Poisoning Mimicking Acute Porphyria!
L N, Akshatha; Shenoy, Mamatha T; P, Sadashiva Rao; B, Prashanth
We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old autistic boy whose urine porphyrin test came positive on three separate occasions. The child was brought to emergency department of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore, India, with fever and acute abdominal pain, with no previous history of any serious illness. Investigations revealed thalassemia trait,microcytic hypochromic anaemia while the other biochemical and haematological parameters were normal. False positive urine porphyrin test may be seen in porphyria induced by liver cancer, hepatitis and heavy metal poisoning such as lead, arsenic and mercury. Blood lead (PbB) level was 59.5?g/dl. Further evaluation revealed a daily consumption of native medicine in the form of syrup. PMID:25653942
Cassava starch fermentation wastewater: characterization and preliminary toxicological studies.
Avancini, S R P; Faccin, G L; Vieira, M A; Rovaris, A A; Podestá, R; Tramonte, R; de Souza, N M A; Amante, E R
Cassava starch fermentation wastewater is an industrial residue composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria with predominance of the genera Lactobacillus, and organic acids. To evaluate the safety of this residue for possible production of probiotic beverages, acute in mice and sub-chronic (28-day repeated dose) toxicity studies in rats were carried. The administration of a single dose of 5 g/kg/body weight did not produce mortality in mice. Rats treated with water containing 0 (control), 25%, 50%, and 100% of the residue for 28 days, did not present alterations in behaviour or in food and water consumption. There were no treatment-related changes of toxicological significance in the relative weight of the organs neither in the haematological nor in the biochemical parameters. Histopathologic alterations observed in the small intestine did not seem to be associated with the treatment. PMID:17637494
Efficacy of Ficus spp. on renal injury induced by hypercholesterolaemia.
Awad, Nagwa E; Hamed, Manal A; Seida, Ahmed A; Elbatanony, Marwa M
The ethanol and hexane extracts of Ficus microcarpa, Ficus religiosa and Ficus mysorensis leaves were evaluated against renal injury induced by hypercholesterolaemia. Phytochemical screening of the investigated plants was undertaken. For the in vivo study, all rats were orally given cholesterol (30?mg?kg?ą body weight, BW) and leaves extract (500?mg?kg?ą BW) five times per week for 9 weeks. Hypercholesterolaemic rats showed significant increases in urea nitrogen and creatinine while serum protein and albumin levels, nitric oxide (NO), Na?-K?-ATPase and phospholipids in kidney tissue were all decreased. Treatment with leaves extract improved kidney function indices (urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum protein and albumin), kidney disorder biochemical parameters (NO, Na?-K?-ATPase and phospholipids), haematological profile (haemoglobin, RBCs and WBCs) and kidney histopathology. In conclusion, Ficus spp. succeeded in improving renal injury induced by hypercholesterolaemia, with the most potent effects seen while using Ficus microcarpa hexane extract. PMID:22432976
Virtual anthropology and forensic identification using multidetector CT
Savall, F; Mokrane, F-Z; Rousseau, H; Crubézy, E; Rougé, D; Telmon, N
Virtual anthropology is made possible by modern cross-sectional imaging. Multislice CT (MSCT) can be used for comparative bone and dental identification, reconstructive identification and lesion identification. Comparative identification, the comparison of ante- and post-mortem imaging data, can be performed on both teeth and bones. Reconstructive identification, a considerable challenge for the radiologist, identifies the deceased by determining sex, geographical origin, stature and age at death. Lesion identification combines virtual autopsy and virtual anthropology. MSCT can be useful in palaeopathology, seeking arthropathy, infection, oral pathology, trauma, tumours, haematological disorders, stress indicators or occupational stress in bones and teeth. We examine some of the possibilities offered by this new radiological subspeciality that adds a new dimension to the work of the forensic radiologist. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial and involves communication and data exchange between radiologists, forensic pathologists, anthropologists and radiographers. PMID:24234584
Somatic mutation in acute myelogenous leukemia cells imitate novel germline HLA-A allele: a case report.
Mrazek, F; Onderkova, J; Szotkowski, T; Königova, N; Ambruzova, Z; Raida, L
A somatic mutation of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A gene revealed in tumour cells of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is described. A patient with AML and her siblings were routinely typed for HLA in order to find a suitable donor for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Sequencing-based typing of the initial patient's sample characterized by high proportion of blasts revealed unknown G/A exchange at position 781 of the HLA-A gene (exon 4) associated with HLA-A*02:01 allele. Importantly, this G781A variant was completely absent in the patient's remission sample obtained after the clearance of blasts. Our results are a reminder that HLA mutations in tumour cells may interfere with routine HLA typing and should always be considered, namely, in patients with haematological malignancies. PMID:24758284
A case of visceral leishmaniasis and pulmonary tuberculosis in a post-partum woman.
Colomba, Claudia; Adamoli, Lucia; Trizzino, Marcello; Siracusa, Lucia; Bonura, Silvia; Tolomeo, Manlio; Cajozzo, Massimo; Giammanco, Giovanni Maurizio
Visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by sand fly bites endemic in rural or periurban areas of the Mediterranean basin. Pregnancy is accompanied by changes in immune response, mainly a decrease in cellular immunity and a proportional increase in humoral immunity. These physiological events result in increased risk of infection by pathogens whose immunity is based on a T-helper 1 predominant response. We describe a case of visceral leishmaniasis and pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in a post-partum woman four days after delivery. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis should be considered in pregnant women with fever and haematologic abnormalities in endemic regions or if a history of exposure in endemic areas is reported. PMID:25522871
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): a rare association of lymph node tuberculosis.
Surana, Anuj P; Shelgikar, Kishor M; Melinkeri, Sameer; Phadke, Arvind
Although various haematologic abnormalities are known to occur with tuberculosis, association of immune thrombocytopenia with tuberculosis is uncommon. We report a case of retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis who presented with ITP. A 76 year old female was admitted to our hospital with oral mucosal bleed and petechial lesions over extremities and abdomen. A diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) was established. Intravenous Anti-D immunoglobulin and Dexamethasone therapy was started, but failed to elicit any sustained platelet response. CT abdomen revealed multiple retroperitoneal lymph nodes with central necrosis. Histopathology (HPE) of these revealed caseating lymphadenitis suggestive of tuberculosis. After 2 months of anti-tuberculous therapy, the platelet counts returned to normal and patient was off all therapy for ITP thereby suggesting likely association between tuberculosis and immune thrombocytopenia. PMID:25327103
Blinatumomab: first global approval.
Sanford, Mark
Blinatumomab (BLINCYTO™) is a novel, bispecific T-cell engaging antibody that binds cluster of differentiation (CD) 19 antigens on blast cells while also binding and activating the CD3/T cell receptor complex, causing cell lysis. The antibody is being developed by Amgen as a treatment for haematological cancers that originate from B cell lines. Blinatumomab was approved by the US FDA in December 2014 for the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL). It is awaiting approval for this indication in the EU and is in phase III development in various countries. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of blinatumomab leading to its first approval for the treatment of Ph-negative BCP-ALL. PMID:25637301
The establishment of a xerostomia clinic: a prospective study.
Field, E A; Longman, L P; Bucknall, R; Kaye, S B; Higham, S M; Edgar, W M
The study investigated the aetiological factors and management of patients who have xerostomia. The subjects were 100 consecutive patients referred to the Oral Medicine Unit for investigation of oral dryness. A detailed case history was recorded and patients underwent a systematic examination together with sialometry, haematological, biochemical and immunological investigations. Suspected cases of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were referred for assessment by a rheumatologist and ophthalmologist. Objective evidence of salivary gland hypofunction was found in 39 patients. A definite diagnosis of primary and secondary SS was made in 24 and 15 patients respectively, a further five cases had possible primary SS. Other causes of xerostomia were: undiagnosed diabetes (3); drug-induced (11); therapeutic radiation (3); alcohol-related (3); psychogenic (15) and idiopathic (21). Patients complaining of a dry mouth should be questioned about non-oral symptoms. In total, 40% of patients attending the dry mouth clinic had a diagnosis of SS. PMID:9146866
Red blood cell enzyme abnormalities in patients treated with chemotherapy.
Etiemble, J; Bernard, J F; Picat, C; Belpomme, D; Boivin, P
Sxiteen red blood cell enzyme activities and fetal haemoglobin level have been assayed in 60 patients treated for haematologic or nonhaematologic malignant diseases with various combinations of cytostatic drugs. Acquired enzyme deficiency was found in 20 patients. The most frequently decreased activities were those of G6PD (12 cases), PK (seven cases), PFK (six cases) and AK (three cases). In many patients decreased activity of some enzymes contrasted with increased activity of others such as ALD, TPI, G3PD, PGK, ENOL and 6PGD. The number of abnormalities seems to be related to the duration of the treatment. Incidence of enzyme deficiencies was similar in patients previously treated or not with radiotherapy. Enzyme abnormalities were correlated neither with haemoglobin level nor with reticulocyte count. They were very similar to those observed in primary acquired dyserythropoietic and preleukaemic states. Their prognostic value and mechanism are discussed. PMID:475997
KIT(D816V+) systemic mastocytosis associated with KIT(D816V+) acute erythroid leukaemia: first case report with molecular evidence for same progenitor cell derivation.
McClintock-Treep, S A; Horny, H-P; Sotlar, K; Foucar, M K; Reichard, K K
A case of systemic mastocytosis associated with a clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD), where the associated disease is acute erythroid leukaemia (erythroid/myeloid type), is reported. Interestingly, molecular studies showed the KIT(D816V+) mutation not only in the mast cells, but also in the myeloid blast population and the leukaemic erythroid cells. As is the case with most erythroid leukaemias, the patient had a very aggressive clinical course and died shortly after diagnosis. It is believed that this is the first reported case of systemic mastocytosis with erythroid leukaemia where the KIT(D816V+) mutation was detected in all three cell types. Molecular findings provide evidence for derivation of these seemingly morphologically distinct lesions from the same clonal precursor cell. From a practice standpoint, this case illustrates the importance of definitively diagnosing the associated non-mast cell lineage disease due to its prognostic implications. PMID:19729359
Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).
Abruzzese, Elisabetta; Breccia, Massimo; Latagliata, Roberto
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have contributed to marked improvements in survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). This article discusses the place of the second-generation TKIs dasatinib and nilotinib in the first-line treatment of CML and is based on published literature. The new agents are more potent and effective than imatinib. Data from pivotal clinical trials indicate that response to dasatinib and nilotinib is greater and more rapid than that to imatinib, resulting in a higher probability of patients achieving an optimal response to treatment. Differences between the newer agents with respect to patient groups for whom caution is advised, drug interaction potential, haematological toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, changes in the immune system and effects on laboratory parameters are discussed. With similar levels of efficacy, the choice of second-generation agents should be guided by the characteristics of the individual patient and the most suitable dosing regimen. PMID:24043361
Lead poisoning mimicking acute porphyria!
L N, Akshatha; M S, Rukmini; Shenoy, Mamatha T; P, Sadashiva Rao; B, Prashanth
We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old autistic boy whose urine porphyrin test came positive on three separate occasions. The child was brought to emergency department of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore, India, with fever and acute abdominal pain, with no previous history of any serious illness. Investigations revealed thalassemia trait,microcytic hypochromic anaemia while the other biochemical and haematological parameters were normal. False positive urine porphyrin test may be seen in porphyria induced by liver cancer, hepatitis and heavy metal poisoning such as lead, arsenic and mercury. Blood lead (PbB) level was 59.5?g/dl. Further evaluation revealed a daily consumption of native medicine in the form of syrup. PMID:25653942
Acute lameness associated with osseous metastasis of a peri-renal carcinoma in a horse.
Young, A C; Hoffmann, K L; Begg, A P; Major, D A
We present a case of aggressive metastatic carcinoma in a horse that was initially presented for shoulder lameness. Although radiography and scintigraphy were useful for localising a lesion in the proximal humerus, subsequent development of non-specific signs of systemic disease prompted further evaluation. Haematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis and ultrasonography were all instrumental in identifying renal involvement. A diagnosis of a peri-renal mass causing secondary renal failure prompted euthanasia of the horse because of the poor prognosis. Antemortem findings were supported by necropsy, with secondary lesions also identified in the spleen, liver, 8th left rib and proximal humerus. Histological examination yielded a diagnosis of undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma. PMID:20726969
Fusarium brain abscess: case report and literature review.
Garcia, Raquel Ramos; Min, Zaw; Narasimhan, Supriya; Bhanot, Nitin
Severely immunocompromised patients such as those with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at an increased risk of acquiring invasive mould infections. Fusarium, a ubiquitous fungus, can cause potentially fatal infections in such hosts. It usually manifests as skin lesions, fevers and sino-pulmonary infections. Brain abscesses have been reported, but are relatively uncommon. We report a case of a 50-year-old patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia and failed autologous peripheral stem cell transplant that presented with new onset seizures and was found to have Fusarium solani brain abscess. Nasal route was the presumed mode of entry of the fungus into the cerebrum. Treatment comprised surgical excision of the lesion, and antimycotic therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. Despite aggressive therapy, patient succumbed to the disease. We have provided an overview of infections secondary to Fusarium, along with a review of the central nervous system involvement by this pathogenic mould. PMID:25476184
Estimation of haemopoietic progenitor cells in peripheral blood by the Advia 120 and BD vantage flow cytometer: a direct comparison for the prediction of adequate collections.
Greenfield, H M; Sweeney, D A; Newton, R K; Leather, A; Murray, J; Angelica, R; Swindell, R; Chang, J
Peripheral blood stem cells are increasingly used to ensure rapid haematological engraftment after myeloablative chemotherapy. After mobilization, progenitor cells in the blood can be enumerated to predict an adequate collection by leukapheresis. The Advia 120 automated counter has an immature cell channel measuring a parameter known as large undifferentiated cells (LUC's), which were quantified to assess their value in refining the timing of apheresis. Data were available from 102 apheresis sessions. Positive correlation was found for peripheral blood CD34+ cells and apheresis counts (r = 0.82, P < 0.0005) but not for total WCC (r = -0.15, P = 0.13) or LUC count (r = 0.12, P = 0.23). Our results indicate that the LUC population in peripheral blood has no relevance to the subsequent CD34 content of the apheresis product and CD34 cell enumeration by flow cytometry is advocated. PMID:16178906
Successful management of metastatic transmissible venereal tumour to skin of mammary region.
Varughese, E E; Singla, V K; Ratnakaran, U; Gandotra, V K
A Dalmatian female presented with a history of vaginal bleeding and was diagnosed as having transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) after cytological examination of the vaginal growth revealed typical TVT cells. A cytology of the aspirate from multiple nodules in the skin near the abdominal and inguinal pair of mammary glands revealed similar cells suggestive of metastasis to skin of mammary region. Chemotherapy was initiated with weekly injections of vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg BW, IV, SID) and haematological examination was performed pre- and post-treatment to assess the prognosis of the patient and side effects of the drug. The major side effects observed during the course of the treatment were high body temperature, mild neutropaenia and significant decrease in packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total leucocyte and erythrocyte count. Four weekly injections of vincristine were administered, and 4 weeks from initiation of treatment, the tumour and nodules were gone, suggesting complete recovery. PMID:23279540
Tumoral calcinosis in a dog with chronic renal failure.
Spotswood, T C
A 2-year-old male German shepherd dog in poor bodily condition was evaluated for thoracic limb lameness due to a large, firm mass medial to the left cranial scapula. Radiography revealed several large cauliflower-like mineralized masses in the craniomedial left scapula musculature, pectoral region and bilaterally in the biceps tendon sheaths. Urinalysis, haematology and serum biochemistry showed that the dog was severely anaemic, hyperphosphataemic and in chronic renal failure. The dog was euthanased and a full post mortem performed. A diagnosis of chronic renal failure with secondary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed. The mineralised masses were grossly and histopathologically consistent with a diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis. Tumoral calcinosis associated with chronic renal failure that does not involve the foot pads is rarely seen. PMID:12836746
Contributions of the host microenvironment to cancer-induced bone disease
Olechnowicz, Sam W. Z.; Edwards, Claire M.
The bone marrow provides a specialised and highly supportive microenvironment for tumour growth and development of the associated bone disease. It is a preferred site for breast and prostate cancer bone metastasis and the haematological malignancy, multiple myeloma. For many years, researchers have focused upon the interactions between tumour cells and the cells directly responsible for bone remodelling, namely osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, there is ever-increasing evidence for a multitude of ways in which the bone marrow microenvironment can promote disease pathogenesis, including via cancer-associated fibroblasts, the hematopoietic stem cell niche, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the sympathetic nervous system. This review discusses the recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of the host microenvironment to the development of cancer-induced bone disease. PMID:24599133
Pharmacological targets in the ubiquitin system offer new ways of treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases
Edelmann, Mariola J.; Nicholson, Benjamin; Kessler, Benedikt M.
Recent advances in the development and discovery of pharmacological interventions within the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) have uncovered an enormous potential for possible novel treatments of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, immunological disorder and microbial infection. Interference with proteasome activity, although initially considered unlikely to be exploitable clinically, has already proved to be very effective against haematological malignancies, and more specific derivatives that target subsets of proteasomes are emerging. Recent small-molecule screens have revealed inhibitors against ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes, many of which have been evaluated for their potential use as therapeutics, either as single agents or in synergy with other drugs. Here, we discuss recent advances in the characterisation of novel UPS modulators (in particular, inhibitors of ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes) and how they pave the way towards new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of proteotoxic disease, cancer and microbial infection. PMID:22088887
Receptor conversion in carcinoma breast metastatic to the bone marrow.
Santosh, T; Patro, M K; Nayak, J; Bal, A K; Choudhury, A; Behera, B; Mishra, D P
Breast cancer is the first in the incidence of malignancies among women. The documented frequency of osseous metastasis from breast cancer is about 12.8 %. Although breast cancer cells have been documented in the bone marrow in autopsy, haematological manifestations due to metastatic disease to the marrow is rare. The prognosis of these cases is dismal and improper management worsen the condition further. IHC for ER, PR & Her 2/neu status plays a vital role in ascertaining the treatment protocol both in primary tumors as well as metastatic or recurrent tumors. Receptor conversion has been documented in metastatic and recurrent cases. We report a case of 65 year female with a history of ER, PR positive and Her 2/neu negative carcinoma breast 3˝ years back, presented with anemia and low back ache diagnosed as metastatic breast carcinoma to bone marrow with receptor conversion. PMID:25332613
A prevalence study of folate deficiency in a psychiatric in-patient population.
Skerritt, U M
Controlled clinical trials in the UK have shown folate deficiency in psychiatric patients, and it has been suggested that such deficiency is most likely to occur among patients with affective disorders. Studies have led to the use of folate as an adjunct to therapy in such patients. The present paper describes a preliminary investigation into the red cell folate status of psychiatric patients in a general hospital unit compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls, using up-to-date assays and strict entry criteria and overall improved methods on previous studies. The study showed that, although there is a trend for psychiatric patients to have lower serum folate levels than controls, there is no statistically significant difference in folate levels as measured by red cell folate, a more reliable measure of folate status, between healthy controls and psychiatric patients, and all but one of the patients had normal haematological indices. PMID:9543312
Post-splenectomy and hyposplenic states.
Di Sabatino, Antonio; Carsetti, Rita; Corazza, Gino Roberto
The spleen is crucial in regulating immune homoeostasis through its ability to link innate and adaptive immunity and in protecting against infections. The impairment of splenic function is defined as hyposplenism, an acquired disorder caused by several haematological and immunological diseases. The term asplenia refers to the absence of the spleen, a condition that is rarely congenital and mostly post-surgical. Although hyposplenism and asplenia might predispose individuals to thromboembolic events, in this Review we focus on infectious complications, which are the most widely recognised consequences of these states. Because of the high mortality, the fulminant course, and the refractoriness to common treatment of overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, prevention through vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis is the basis of the management of patients who have had splenectomy or have hyposplenism. In this Review, we critically assess clinical and diagnostic aspects of splenic dysfunction and highlight new perspectives in the prevention of overwhelming post-splenectomy infections. PMID:21474172
Rapid screening for human-pathogenic Mucorales using rolling circle amplification.
Dolatabadi, S; Najafzadeh, M J; de Hoog, G S
Mucormycosis has emerged as a relatively common severe mycosis in patients with haematological and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Source of transmission is from unidentified sources in the environment. Early diagnosis of infection and its source of contamination are paramount for rapid and appropriate therapy. In this study, rolling circle amplification (RCA) is introduced as a sensitive, specific and reproducible isothermal DNA amplification technique for rapid molecular identification of six of the most virulent species (Rhizopus microsporus, R. arrhizus var. arrhizus, R. arrhizus var. delemar, Mucor irregularis, Mucor circinelloides, Lichtheimia ramosa, Lichtheimia corymbifera). DNAs of target species were successfully amplified, with no cross reactivity between species. RCA can be considered as a rapid detection method with high specificity and sensitivity, suitable for large screening. PMID:25187214
Numb Chin Syndrome as First Symptom of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Carbone, Mario; Della Ferrera, Francesco; Carbone, Lucio; Gatti, Gaia; Carrozzo, Marco
Numb chin syndrome is a rare sensory neuropathy of the mental nerve characterized by numbness, hypoesthesia, paraesthesia, and very rarely pain. Dental causes, especially iatrogenic ones, maxillofacial trauma, or malignant neoplasm are etiologic factors for this rare syndrome. Many malignant and metastatic neoplasms are causing this syndrome, like primary osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mandibular metastasis of primary carcinoma of breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate, and nasopharynx. Haematological malignancies like acute lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and myeloma can cause this neuropathy. The authors report a case of a 71-year-old woman in which the numb chin syndrome was the first symptom of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which caused infiltration and reabsorption of the alveolar ridge and lower mandibular cortex. A biopsy of the mass was performed on fragments of tissue collected from the mandibular periosteum, medullary and cortical mandibular bone, and inferior alveolar nerve. PMID:25580308
Red cell investigations: art and artefacts.
Minetti, Giampaolo; Egée, Stephane; Mörsdorf, Daniel; Steffen, Patrick; Makhro, Asya; Achilli, Cesare; Ciana, Annarita; Wang, Jue; Bouyer, Guillaume; Bernhardt, Ingolf; Wagner, Christian; Thomas, Serge; Bogdanova, Anna; Kaestner, Lars
Red blood cell research is important for both, the clinical haematology, such as transfusion medicine or anaemia investigations, and the basic research fields like exploring general membrane physiology or rheology. Investigations of red blood cells include a wide spectrum of methodologies ranging from population measurements with a billion cells evaluated simultaneously to single-cell approaches. All methods have a potential for pitfalls, and the comparison of data achieved by different technical approaches requires a consistent set of standards. Here, we give an overview of common mistakes using the most popular methodologies in red blood cell research and how to avoid them. Additionally, we propose a number of standards that we believe will allow for data comparison between the different techniques and different labs. We consider biochemical analysis, flux measurements, flow cytometry, patch-clamp measurements and dynamic fluorescence imaging as well as emerging single-cell techniques, such as the use of optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy. PMID:23425684
Increased platelet adhesion and aggregation in hypertensive patients: effect of atenolol.
Markel, A; Brook, J G; Levy, Y; Aviram, M; Youdim, M B
Fourteen patients with established hypertension followed a double-blind crossover-styled trial to study the effects of 100 mg/day atenolol compared to placebo. Atenolol was found to be an effective antihypertensive agent, reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypertensive patients appear to have increased in vitro platelet adhesion and aggregation. Atenolol significantly reduced platelet adhesion, but had little effect on aggregation. This may be important in contributing towards the now-recognised cardio-protective effect of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. Blood chemistry and haematological parameters were unchanged; but whereas plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels remained normal, there was a significant fall in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Side effects were very few. PMID:6661351
The importance of cleanrooms for the treatment of haemato-oncological patients
Matoušková, Ivanka
The main purpose of cleanrooms in health care centres is to prevent hospital infections or leakage of a highly infectious agent (the source of haemorrhagic fevers, SARS, etc.) into the ambient environment and subsequently possibly threatening other individuals. Patients with haematological malignancies or after autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) rank among immunosuppressed individuals. Prolonged and deep neutropenia is considered a key risk factor of the occurrence of an exogenous infection. One of the possibilities of preventing an exogenous infection in these patients is to place them in a "cleanroom" for the crucial period of time. Cleanrooms are intensive care units with reverse isolation. The final part of the general article below provides an overview of the technology and types of cleanrooms for immunosuppressed patients in compliance with the current recommendations and technical standards. PMID:23788892
Multiple synchronous primary malignancies induced by benzene exposure: a case report
Wang, Pingli; Zhang, Gensheng; Shen, Huahao
Background Chronic exposure to high concentrations of benzene is usually associated with the development of haematological diseases. However, solid tumors induced by benzene exposure are less frequent. Case presentation We present an unusual case of triple synchronous primary malignancies most likely induced by occupational benzene exposure in a male patient. This spray painter was diagnosed as chronic aplastic anemia in his 21 years old after exposing to high concentration of benzene for three years. Then he was treated with glucocorticoid for four years. 40 years later, this patient developed three synchronous primary neoplasms with three different histologies including a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the gum. Conclusion This case reminds us that the occurrence of solid tumors should be monitored in workers with occupational history linked with a high concentration exposure to benzene, though it's rarely happened. PMID:19371416
Drug use assessment and risk evaluation in pregnancy--the PEGASUS-project.
Irl, C; Kipferler, P; Hasford, J
Since the thalidomide tragedy it is well accepted that drugs can have adverse effects on the unborn child. Although numerous studies show that drug use during pregnancy is widespread, there still is a serious lack of comprehensive and valid data on the risks of drug use during pregnancy. One objective of the PEGASUS-project, which focuses on Munich, is to enlarge the knowledge on embryo- and fetotoxic properties of drugs by prospectively recording information on drug exposure during pregnancy and analysing these data with regard to untoward fetal outcome. First results of PEGASUS confirm that drug utilization during pregnancy is rather common-85% of women use at least one preparation. The most frequent groups are haematologicals, minerals, iodide, and vitamins. Randomized studies have shown that periconceptional folic acid supplementation considerably reduces the risk of neural tube defects. However, only very few women in the PEGASUS-project recorded folic acid intake during the critical period or in sufficient dosage. PMID:15073753
Angiogenic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): Where do we stand?
Aguirre Palma, Luis Mario; Gehrke, Iris; Kreuzer, Karl-Anton
The role of angiogenesis in haematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is difficult to envision, because leukaemia cells are not dependent on a network of blood vessels to support basic physiological requirements. Regardless, CLL cells secrete high levels of major angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Nonetheless, it remains unclear how most angiogenic factors regulate accumulation and delayed apoptosis of CLL cells. Angiogenic factors such as leptin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), follistatin, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), angiogenin (ANG), midkine (MK), pleiotrophin (PTN), progranulin (PGRN), proliferin (PLF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), represent novel therapeutic targets of future CLL research but have remained widely overlooked. This review aims to outline our current understanding of angiogenic growth factors and their relationship with CLL, a still uncured haematopoietic malignancy. PMID:25459668
Possible health effects of liquefied petroleum gas on workers at filling and distribution stations of Gaza governorates.
Sirdah, M M; Al Laham, N A; El Madhoun, R A
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used in the Gaza Strip for domestic purposes, in agriculture and industry and, illegally, in cars. This study aimed to identify possible health effects on workers exposed to LPG in Gaza governorates. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview, and haematological and biochemical analyses of venous blood samples were made from 30 workers at filling and distribution stations and 30 apparently healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were found in all self-reported health-related complaints among LPG workers versus controls. LPG workers had significantly higher values of red blood cell counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet counts. They also had significantly higher values of kidney function tests (urea, creatinine and uric acid) and liver function enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). LPG workers at Gaza Strip petroleum stations are at higher risk for health-related symptoms and clinical abnormalities. PMID:23879082
Multifocal osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review of the literature
Fajardo-Hermosillo, Luis D; López-López, Linnette; Nadal, Anaida; Vilá, Luis M
Osteonecrosis is a relatively common comorbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but avascular necrosis in multiple sites is unusual. Multifocal osteonecrosis is defined as osteonecrotic lesions affecting three or more separate anatomic sites. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman diagnosed with SLE when she presented with mucocutaneous, haematological and mild renal manifestations. Initially, she was treated with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine and her condition remained stable. Two years later, she developed severe bilateral pretibial ulcers intractable to immunosuppressive therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. MRI of both legs disclosed osteonecrosis of the distal tibia, proximal tibia, distal fibula and talus bilaterally. She had elevated anticardiolipin antibodies for which she was treated with chronic anticoagulation resulting in complete healing of the leg ulcers and no further episodes of osteonecrosis. In addition to this case, we review the demographic, clinical and pharmacological features of 14 cases reported in the literature. PMID:23595183
[Inhibition of platelet aggregation and angiotensin II-receptor blockade following TIA; the unexpected results of the Prevention Regimen For Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PROFESS) trial].
Kappelle, L J
In the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PROFESS) trial, the combination of acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg) and extended-release dipyridamole (400 mg) (ASA+Dip) was compared with clopidogrel (75 mg) in patients with a recent transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor disabling stroke. In the same patients, the selective type I angiotensin II-receptor blocker telmisartan (80 mg) was compared with placebo. Both comparisons did not show any benefit or harm from any of the treatments evaluated. Therefore, ASA+Dip and clopidogrel should be considered effective in secondary stroke prevention following TIA or minor disabling stroke. ASA+Dip caused headache in 6% of patients. Clopidogrel can cause severe haematological side effects in rare cases; its use is hampered mainly by its high cost. Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients with a recent TIA or minor disabling stroke but should not be used for indications other than lowering blood pressure. PMID:18808078