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41 year old man | Daly City, CA, USA | Seeking women 30-45 within 50 miles
About me: I considered myself to be a bay area...
About me: I considered myself to be a bay area native, however through the years the landscape has changed and continues to evolve. I can honestly say that I find new places and interest in and around town when I thought I've seen them all. I guess its part of the charm of living in the bay. I comfortable in most setting, but I enjoy up times and down times and interacting with people. I have multiple personality, which does not require clinical treatment mind you. I'm a goofball most of the time, yet when it comes to work I can be very linear. I will cheer, give high-fives, chest bump when watching sports with the boys, but secretly ball out watching drama flicks, which of course is undetectable. I haven't been to the seven continents of the world, but I'd like to in the right circumstance. I have a successful and challenging career, but it doesn't consume me. I prefer Toyota over Mercedes; men's warehouse over Neiman Marcus; wonton noodle soup over sushi... well not all the time ;) I try to stay an active person such as basketball, golf, snowboarding, jogging, going to the gym regularly, but sometimes I just like to chill. I'm very responsible person and respectful of others. Well hopefully I haven't put you to sleep, but it's a taste of me. About you: You would have to read minds and take them over when necessary. You would have to know when and how to say magic words at the right time.
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Golf, Running, Skiing, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
Golden Gate Park, Montara beach, Fort Funston.
Vanilla ice cream with fudge and almond shavings.
Following up two pars with a birdie would be fun, but I'd be happy with smashing the ball down the middle of the fairway.
Instruction manual for table saw.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|4'0" (121cms) to 5'5" (165cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum
|No Way
|No Way, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree


text:
Will Boone – Prison Rodeo
48 pages, 10.5 x 8.75 inches
Edition of 750
Published by Karma, 2014
The naive design sense of this Will Boone book, published by Karma, immediately caught my attention when I first saw it. The description states: "Prison Rodeo catalogues reference photographs used in Boone's practice over the last several years. From heavy metal to Elvis to the American South, the artist's influences are displayed as side by side colour images in diverging order." This volume offers an insightful look into a world of inspiration that wouldn't generally be presented as a single work of art.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stayed here for work purposes for 2 nights. It wasn't as bad as I expected based on the reviews. It's South Beach - the accommodations, unless you're staying in the few huge hotels that will be the cost of some mortgages, will be small and older. Nothing can be done about that.
The Good
*Room size was great. We had one of the rooms that had a bedroom, sitting room with couch and large bath. Much larger than I expected.
*The rooms had great window coverings. At night there was NO light coming through. Impressive.
*Massive flat screen tv's.
*One block from Ocean Drive. Fantabulous! Easy enough to walk to many, many restaurants, bars and the beach.
*Clean rooms.
The Bad
*The noise level was super loud. The room was down an alleyway (there are several seperate buildings at the hotel) and the noise from the streets travels straight down the alley. The windows are super thin and you can hear people walking and talking past and you can clearly hear their conversations. You can drink 24 hrs down there and people are stumbling in at all hours so some more quiet would go a long way. Also the workers when cleaning in the mornings are laughing and talking loudly outside the rooms, which was annoying.
*The check-in area was very small which means only 2 employees at a time to check customers in and out. Makes for slow progress.
*The toilet runs. This seems to be a common complain on the board so obviously there are issues there.
*The bartender in The Lounge was indifferent and not very friendly. This is typical for South Beach unfortunately but it would make a great experience to have someone talk to you and act like they were happy for your business. She also didn't have change for a $20. Weird (I looked in the drawer when she checked - no $5's or $10's). Not a great way to get tips.
*The desk clerks announce out loud as you check-in your room number. A massive no-no in the hotel industry as someone could take advantage of another hotel guest by following them to their room. All that needs to be done is to give the key folder and point to the room number. Please, please stop this practice immediately for your guest's safety.
The Ugly
*The valet service STINKS! You pull your car up and wait over 15 minutes in the road while someone goes to look for the valet. This happened twice to me. At $32 a night you'd think there would always be someone available or to come back quicker. They say you can leave your car and give the keys to the front desk, which works of you can find an open space to park out front. But there were already 4 cars parked and waiting to be moved by the valet. So I was forced to circle around 3x two seperate times. Yes there were garages around and the valet isn't run by the hotel. But the hotel should have higher expectations of the company that works for them and services their guests.
Overall the stay wasn't bad. It they could tweek their customer service issues, which would take minimal training, they would have a hotel with a lot to offer and happy customers on their hands.
- Reservation Options:
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- Also Known As:
- Chesterfield Hotel Miami Beach
- Chesterfield Miami Beach


text:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 01/31/2011
Othman AMA – Both arthroscopic and percutaneous release of the common extensor origin can be effective in treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Arthroscopic treatment of lateral epicondylitis gives more favorable results than percutaneous tenotomy. Although technically more difficult than percutaneous tenotomy, arthroscopy has the advantage of visualization of the pathology and much better improvement of elbow functions.
© 2015 M3 USA Corporation. ALL Rights Reserved.


text:
Mitt Romney will continue to feel Rick Santorum's presence even as the former Pennsylvania senator exited the Republican presidential race, effectively assuring the front-runner's nomination.
Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour , who had been making campaign-style appearances in states crucial to the presidential-selection process, announced yesterday that he wouldn't seek the White House in 2012.
Jon Huntsman Jr., the former Utah governor and Obama administration envoy to China, formally announced his presidential bid today, positioning himself as an unconventional fresh face in a crowded Republican field.
Democratic Party committees entered April with $22 million more to help their congressional candidates than Republicans, a reversal of four years ago.
Sarah Palin , a potential 2012 presidential candidate, said the U.S. is at a "crisis point" as the Obama administration pursues policies that will lead to "decline and defeat."
"That will change the perception of Romney pretty quickly."
- Frank Donatelli on Apr 11, 2012


text:
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Crescent Beef Burritos
Creamy Chicken-Vegetable Chowder
Spicy Jamaican Meat Pies with Island Salsa
Mexican Bubble Pizza
Superspeedway Taco Pie
Mexican Fiesta Biscuit Bake
Looking for dinner packed with Mexican flavors? Then check out this cheese pizza made using Pillsbury® crescent dinner rolls and Old El Paso® taco seasoning - topped with lettuce and tomato.
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text:
I have a website that has some performance issues.
Some images need a lot of time to be downloaded by the browsers.
The problem seems to involve only images (not js scripts or css)
I'm using the Network Pane in Developer Tools of Google Chrome.
This images are not big... some of them are under 1KB but could need more than 30 seconds!
The images that are slow downloaded are not always the same... they change from istance to istance.
The problem is reported from a lot of users in different geographic areas... so I don't think about a problem with my connection.
the Developer Tools says that sometime a lot of time goes in Receiving for some others a lot of time goes in Waiting
By the way, i'm not sure about what this labels stand for (waiting, receing, blocking, ecc) I can't find an official guide from Google, does someone knows more?
What could be the problem?


text:
Lee Quarella
Apparently, this user prefers to keep an air of mystery about them.
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text:
A recent study by researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provides new insights on the physical mechanisms governing the interplay of spin and heat at the nanoscale, and addresses the fundamental limits of ultrafast spintronic devices for data storage and information processing.
"Electrons carry a charge as well as spin-angular momentum. In a typical charge current, electrons' spin-angular-momentum is random so there is no spin current," explained David Cahill, a professor of materials science and engineering at Illinois. "However when electrons move with a partial alignment of spin-angular-momentum, we call it spin current which is the key element for nanoscale spintronic devices.
"It is understood that spin current can rotate magnetization. In other words, we can use spin current to select "0" or "1" state of magnetic memory devices. For ultrafast operation of such nano-devices, generation of spin current in picosecondsone trillionth of a seconda time-scale that is difficult to achieve using electrical circuits, is highly desired," Cahill added.
"In a typical electrical circuit approach, spin current is driven by voltage difference across the structure. In this work, we utilized differences in temperature to generate spin currents," explained Gyung-Min Choi, lead author of the paper, "Spin current generated by thermally-driven ultrafast demagnetization," published in Nature Communications.
"A metallic ferromagnet has three energy reservoirs: electrons, magnons, and phonons," Choi stated. "Using ultra-short laser light, we created temperature differences between these reservoirs of thermal energy for a few picoseconds. The temperature difference between electron and magnon drives an exchange of spin-angular-momentum.
"Thus, we transport spin-angular-momentum from magnons to electrons, and this transport leads to ultrafast spin current," Choi added. "We refer to this spin current
|Contact: David G. Cahill
University of Illinois College of Engineering


text:
MLB writer from Grantland.com, Jonah Keri, joined Tuck and O'Neill to discuss his latest rankings of the 30 MLB teams. Keri updates a weekly article on Grantland titled "The 30″. Check out his latest rankings here, in which he takes a good look at the AL West: http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9440569/jonah-keri-ranks-mlb-teams
Listen to Keri discuss "The 30″ with Tuck and O'Neill:http://audio.sportstalkflorida.com/1080/tuckandoneill/Jonah_keri_7-2-13.mp3 [1]
Talk with us during the show:
1080 Studio Line : 407-482-3776
toll free : 877-380-1080
Chat with us online :
SportstalkFlorida – @SportsTalkFla
Sports Talk 1080 The Team – @1080TheTeam
Mike Tuck – @MikeTuck1080


text:
PSI (computational chemistry)
PSI is an ab initio computational chemistry package originally written by the research group of Henry F. Schaefer, III (University of Georgia). It performs high-accuracy quantum computations on small to medium-sized molecules.
PSI4 is the latest release of the program package - it is open source, released as free under the GPL through SourceForge. Primary development is currently conducted by Daniel Crawford (Virginia Tech), David Sherrill (Georgia Tech), Edward Valeev (Virginia Tech), and Rollin King (Bethel University).[1] The earlier PSI3 is widely available in many Linux releases such as Ubuntu.
The basic capabilities of PSI are concentrated around the following methods of quantum chemistry:
Several methods are available for computing excited electronic states, including configuration interaction singles (CIS), the random phase approximation (RPA), and equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOM-CCSD). PSI3 also includes the explicitly-correlated MP2-R12 method and the ability to compute the Born–Oppenheimer diagonal correction using configuration interaction wave functions.
See also[edit]
- ^ Justin M. Turney, Andrew C. Simmonett, Robert M. Parrish, Edward G. Hohenstein, Francesco A. Evangelista, Justin T. Fermann, Benjamin J. Mintz, Lori A. Burns, Jeremiah J. Wilke, Micah L. Abrams, Nicholas J. Russ, Matthew L. Leininger, Curtis L. Janssen, Edward T. Seidl, Wesley D. Allen, Henry F. Schaefer, Rollin A. King, Edward F. Valeev, C. David Sherrill, T. Daniel Crawford. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, Vol 2 Issue 4, pages 556–565., 2012. DOI: 10.1002/wcms.93.
External links[edit]
|This chemistry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
love it
This is a nice tool to make sure you'restamping exactly where you want the image to be. A must have for wood stamps.
Was This Review Helpful?
Inkadinkado Stamp-A-Ma-Jig Stamp positioner
This saved my Christmas cards, I had stamped all of my Christmas cards with an ink color, when I was done I looked at the inside of the card they looked great, I later looked at card and the ink was asorbed into the paper. You could barely see the saying it almost looked like a watermark. I use this and re-stamped all of my Christmas cards wtih a darker color and you could not even see that I had stamped these twice to correct the first stamp. Great product!! Had never use this before or see how it worked. Did a quick look of it on youtube.
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? Yes
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? Very Accurate
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Good
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text:
This will boggle your mind and you will keep trying over and over again to see if you can outsmart your right foot, but you can't. It's preprogrammed in your brain!!1. While sitting where you are , at your desk, in front of your computer, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles.2. Now, while doing this, draw the number '6' in the air with your right hand. Your foot will change direction!
This has been annoying the heck out of me for the last 20 minutes. Give it a try.


text:
None yet.
79 ratings · 18 reviews · 2 distinct works · Similar authors·
Harvesting Space for a Greener Earth
by Gregory Matloff, C. Bangs, Les Johnson (Goodreads Author)
3 editions — published 2014 —
Going Interstellar
by Les Johnson (Goodreads Author) , Jack McDevitt , Ben Bova
2 editions — published 2012 —
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text:
Like a great cover picture, an excellent name helps attract the readers in by telling them, "this novel was composed for you personally!" nce the readers have advanced past your cover picture and name, they will see the description, which will be where you close another phase of the sale. Convince them so you move them to download a sample, or buy, now, this publication is for them. The more places your publication is accessible for purchase, the more discoverable it's. The trustworthy retailers taking your publication, the better your total sales will likely be. Readers recognize costs that are good. They read for enjoyment (fiction and nonfiction) and knowledge (nonfiction, and occasionally even fiction).
In the event the worth of the sensed enjoyment or knowledge they will acquire from your publication transcends the cost, the publication is likely to be perceived of as precious. You will decrease the perceived worth of the novel to them, and for that reason decrease possible virality in case the publication is priced too high. Nevertheless, there are possible exceptions to the rule. Some (although not all) indie writers who experimented with different price points have reported their novel sold more units at $4.99 than at $2.99. Some but not absolutely all readers perceive lower price publications as lesser quality, and thus not worth their time. They may be more cost sensitive than more mature readers, if you are targeting younger readers. Nonfiction, which will be generally bought to solve a problem or get yourself a gain that is quantifiable, can generally support higher costs than fiction.
Great editing is all about more than just finding typographic mistakes (see the following item for more on proofing). Great editors will allow you to reinforce all elements of your story. They will allow you to reinforce all areas of your publication, including sentence structure, character development, pacing, storyline, dialogue, and much more. They will assist you to address weaknesses that may reduce reader satisfaction. It is not possible for writers to locate all their own typos and grammatical glitches. This is before you show your novel for publication, why you need multiple proofreaders. Your words touching, the more typos you will locate. Most of the catalysts that were viral mentioned herein are actually types of advertising.


text:
Trampolines allow humans to jump higher without the hassles of practicing or tying a kangaroo to each foot. Hop along with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $14 for two one-hour jump passes with shoe rental (up to a $28 value)
- $110 for a Jump Around package for 10 people with shoe rental (up to a $220 value)

Two one-hour jump passes allow one person to enjoy two consecutive or nonconsecutive hours of jumping, or two people to enjoy one hour of jumping. With the party option, 10 guests can jump and frolic for one hour, refueling with two large one-topping pizzas and unlimited soda while in the game room. Sky Zone requires all guests to wear special shoes on the trampolines, which are included with both options of this Groupon.

Sky Zone
Sky Zone fully embodies the concept of bouncing off the walls, as the facility is lined with gigantic trampolines on the floors and angled trampolines on adjacent walls. Ideal for people of all ages, shapes, and physical abilities, the trampolines unite to form one massive sea of bouncy terrain, upon which visitors can play or compete with hanging basketball hoops. Sky Zone is home to Ultimate dodgeball, an interactive twist on the classic playground sport that has teams jumping and dodging at new heights. Additionally, the park is great for birthdays and special events. Serious boot camps and aerobics courses allow guests to get into shape and have fun at the same time, unlike running from a stampede of buffalo.
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text:
A method for removing mercury from a combustion gas in an exhaust gas system has the steps of providing a mercury sorbent; injecting the mercury sorbent into a stream of the mercury-containing combustion gas to enable mercury to adsorb onto the sorbent; and collecting and removing the sorbent from the combustion gas stream. The mercury sorbent is prepared by treating a carbonaceous substrate with an ozone-containing gas to increase the ability of the substrate to adsorb mercury. Concrete compositions with fly ash containing the mercury sorbents will have reduced interference with air-entraining-admixtures.
1. A method for removing mercury and mercury-containing compounds from a combustion gas in an exhaust gas system, comprising the steps of:
providing a mercury sorbent that has been prepared by treating a carbonaceous substrate with an effective amount of an ozone-containing gas for a time sufficient to increase the ability of the carbonaceous substrate to adsorb mercury and to reduce the degree of possible interference of the sorbent with air-entraining-admixtures used with the substrates as a component of a concrete composition;
injecting the mercury sorbent into a stream of the mercury-containing combustion gas for a sufficient time to allow an effective amount of the mercury and mercury-containing compounds in the combustion gas to adsorb onto the mercury sorbent; and
collecting and removing the mercury sorbent from the combustion gas stream.
2. The method of
the carbonaceous substrate comprises activated carbon.
3. The method of
the carbonaceous substrate or mercury sorbent is reduced to a particle size distribution fluidizable in the combustion gas stream.
4. The method of
the carbonaceous substrate or mercury sorbent is reduced to a particle size distribution fluidizable in the combustion gas stream.
5. A process for manufacturing a mercury sorbent, comprising:
providing a carbonaceous substrate;
providing a ozone-containing gas; and
contacting the carbonaceous substrate with the ozone-containing gas for a time sufficient to increase the mercury adsorbing ability of the carbonaceous substrate and to reduce the degree of interference of the substrate with air-entraining-admixtures used with the sorbent as a component of a concrete composition.
6. The process of
the carbonaceous substrate is activated carbon.
7. The process of
reducing the particle size distribution of the carbonaceous substrate or mercury sorbent to a distribution that is fluidizable in the ductwork of a combustion gas stream.
8. The process of
reducing the particle size distribution of the carbonaceous substrate or mercury sorbent to a distribution that is fluidizable in the ductwork of a combustion gas stream.
9. A mercury sorbent prepared according the process of
10. A mercury sorbent prepared according the process of
11. A process in which ozone is used to pacify the surface of a carbon source material extrinsic to ash comprising applying ozone to said carbon source material extrinsic to ash to produce a product which reduces the undesirable affect on air entrainment when said carbon source material is incorporated into concrete.
12. The process of
13. The process of
14. The process of
15. A process comprising oxidizing activated carbon-based sorbents which are used to capture metal vapors, said oxidizing reducing the undesirable affect on air entrainment when said activated carbon-based sorbents are to be incorporated into ash and the ash subsequently used in concrete.
16. The process of
17. The process of
18. The process of
19. A process of surface oxidation used to pacify the surface of a carbon containing source material extrinsic to carbon containing ash comprising the step of surface oxidation of said carbon containing source material to prepare a material useful for incorporation into concrete.
20. The process of
21. The process of
22. A concrete composition comprising concrete and an ozone treated carbon source material extrinsic to ash wherein the undesirable affect on air entrainment is reduced.
[0001] This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/377,790, filed May 6, 2002, entitled "Methods to Remove Mercury from Combustion Gases," which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully recited herein.
[0002] The United States Government may own certain rights to present invention pursuant to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contract No. 68-D-01-075 and National Science Foundation Award No. DMI-0232735, to Sorbent Technologies Corporation.
[0003] 1. Field of the Invention
[0004] This invention relates to the injection of carbon sorbent materials into the combustion gas streams of coal-fired power plants to remove mercury and to the use in concretes of the mixture of fly ash and sorbents recovered from the combustion-gas particulate-collector.
[0005] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0006] It is well known that mercury is both hazardous and poisonous. Consequently, there is frequently a need to remove it from, for example, the air streams around industrial processes, such as at chlor-alkali plants, or from the air in dental offices using amalgams, where people may be directly exposed to mercury vapor. Similarly, there is a need to sequester mercury from natural gas and hydrocarbon streams, where it corrodes processing equipment; from wastewater streams, where its discharge can contaminate ecosystems; and from the hot combustion-gas emissions of waste incinerators, where it is emitted to the environment to methylate and bio-concentrate up the food chain. Each of these gas or liquid streams has different characteristics that make some mercury removal methods effective and appropriate, but others, ineffective and inappropriate. Consequently, over the years, a multitude of approaches have had to be developed for effectively removing mercury species from various streams. These overall approaches include, among others: liquid scrubbing technologies, homogenous gas-phase technologies, metal amalgamation techniques, and processes utilizing various sorbent materials in different application schemes, with adsorbents optionally impregnated with various reaction aids.
[0007] A recent concern is the mercury emitted from coal-fired power plants. It has been estimated, for example, that about 100,000 pounds of mercury are being emitted into the atmosphere annually in the United States from coal-fired power plants. Capturing and isolating this mercury is a very difficult technical problem because the gas volumes to be processed are great, the concentrations of the mercury in the gases are low, and the gas temperatures are high. Also, many other complicating compounds are present in the flue gas and multiple mercury species have to be sequestered. Even though many mercury control techniques have already been developed, new means for effectively and economically controlling utility mercury emissions are still needed. After a thorough investigation of the prior art on mercury removal from power-plant gas streams, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded in the Executive Summary to its 1998 Utility Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Report to Congress that:
[0008] "Regarding potential methods for reducing mercury emissions, the EPA has not identified any demonstrated add-on control technologies currently in use in the U.S. that effectively remove mercury from utility emissions." [Page ES-18].
[0009] In the past, activated carbons have demonstrated utility for sequestering mercury vapors in some applications. Moreover, when treated with other compounds, the mercury sequestration performance of activated carbons can be improved. Manes and Grant U.S. Pat. No. 3,193,987, for example, propose use of an activated carbon impregnated with an amalgamating metal, such as copper or silver. Stock U.S. Pat. No. 1,984,164 teaches the advantages of loading activated carbon with halogens, particularly iodine, to remove mercury from various gases. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,842 Maes et al., a cupric-chloride-impregnated carbon in combination with calcium hydroxide is shown to improve mercury reductions from a gas stream. Dreibelbis and Joyce U.S. Pat. No. 3,194,629 teach the use of activated carbon impregnated with either an iodine-potassium iodide mixture or sulfur dissolved in carbon disulfide. And in U.S. Pat. No. 3,876,393, Kasai et al. recommend impregnating activated carbon with sulfuric acid for mercury removal.
[0010] In most of the prior art teachings, a solution is used to transfer the various adsorption aids to the carbons, requiring additional processing steps to wet and dry the materials, which can be especially problematical if the sorbents are very fine powers. Commercial iodine-impregnated carbons, for example, are produced using a solution into which potassium iodide has been dissolved. Sometimes other post-processing is required to delump the sorbents or change the state of the added chemicals. And the contaminated solvents must be disposed of. Morrell and Tobiasson U.S. Pat. No. 2,511,288 provide a discussion of the various complications involved in activated carbon impregnation using solvents.
[0011] Consequently, the production of activated carbons from dissolved metals, halide salts, and sulfur compounds is laborious and difficult to perform on a large scale. So while sorbent made from solvent-dissolved species may perform well, they end up being very expensive. In the recent Utility HAPs Report to Congress, which included a detailed evaluation of control technologies available for power plant mercury control, the U.S. EPA reported that:
[0012] "Sulfur-, iodide-, chloride salt-, and Ca(OH)2-impregnated activated carbons show promise for increasing the mercury removal efficiency, but further testing is needed. [However, t]he cost of these modified carbons can be as much as 20 times higher than that of unmodified AC." [Page 13-42.]
[0013] These high costs, due to the chemical impregnates involved and the solution-based manufacture, make them uneconomic for duct-injection use at power plants with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), because large volumes of sorbents are required and they are ultimately thrown away with the fly ash.
[0014] Moreover, problems may result from the vaporization of the impregnates if they are used at elevated temperatures, such as the case with corrosive iodine or sulfur oxides. And upon disposal of the sorbents, problems can occur with leaching of the cations involved, such as copper, or of any captured mercury put into a soluble form.
[0015] Recently, a number of inventive methods have been developed to apply mercury sorbent technologies to the large-scale gas streams of coal combustion for power generation. The U.S. patents of Moller et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,698 and Chang, U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,766, for example, describe the injection of very finely powdered activated carbon (PAC) into hot combustion flue gases at various points along their journey through pollution-control equipment trains. However, to practice the art of Moller et al., an expensive spray dryer is required and to practice Chang, the construction of second large particulate collector is required.
[0016] A handful of full-scale power-plant sorbent-injection trials have recently taken place at coal-fired units with just an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for pollution control. About 65% of U.S. coal-fired utility boilers have this configuration, without fabric filters or flue gas desulfurization systems that offer easier and less-expensive options for mercury control. The ESP-only configuration requires in-flight mercury removal, with some amount of sorbent time on the ESP plates parallel to the gas flow. Mercury removal at plants with only an ESP is a most difficult mercury-sequestration situation and an application especially targeted by the current invention.
[0017] Contamination of the fly ash by the mercury sorbent further complicates the problem of mercury control at coal-fired power plants. Almost 20% of U.S. power-plant fly ash is beneficially used as a cement substitute in concrete. Power plants that can sell their fly ash not only receive income for their waste product, but save even more in avoided landfill costs. This great industrial recycling success story, however, is now threatened by PAC injection for mercury control.
[0018] PAC duct-injection trials at We Energy/Wisconsin Electric's Pleasant Prairie power plant in Wisconsin were the first large-scale mercury sorbent tests at a representative, ESP-equipped U.S. power plant. The Pleasant Prairie plant burns a subbituminous coal and, at the time, sold all of its fly ash as a cement replacement in concretes. Mercury-removal performance in the trials was modest, with over 40% removal when a Norit Darco FGD� PAC was injected at 1 lb/MMacf, but leveling off at about 70% removal when the injection rate was greater than 10 lb/MMacf. However, it was also discovered that the suitability of their fly ash in concretes became severely compromised with PAC injection.
[0019] Even at the lowest injection levels tested, when the PAC became incorporated in the plant's fly ash in the ESP, the fly ash failed the required specification tests for concrete use. The problem is that the PAC that was designed to be such an efficient adsorbent material for mercury is, by its nature, also an excellent adsorbent for the organic air-entraining-admixtures (AEAs) added to concretes to produce and stabilize fine air bubbles in the matrix, which provides workability, strength, and freeze/thaw capabilities. The economic implications of this PAC interference with AEAs could be huge. At Pleasant Prairie, for example, the loss in fly ash revenues and added land-disposal costs would be a few times greater than the total mercury-control costs.
[0020] A common measure of the degree to which a fly ash interferes with AEAs is known as its "Foam Index." A fly ash sample, in this case incorporating 1 or 2 wt % PAC, is placed in a small closed container with water, shaken, and then the liquid surface is observed for a stable foam. Drops of a standard AEA solution are sequentially added until a stable foam results, with the amount of AEA added representing the foam index. The lower the foam index, the less the fly ash interferes with the AEA.
[0021] Fly ash usually already contains some unburned carbon particles from incomplete fuel combustion. These, too, interfere with AEAs. Because over two-thirds of concrete in the U.S. is air-entrained, a number of methods have been developed to decrease the foam indexes of carbon-containing fly ashes. Tsukada et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,292, for example, found that treating carbon-containing fly ashes with gaseous halogens, particularly chlorine or fluorine, significantly lowers their foam indexes, enabling it to be used in concrete. Hurt et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,089 duplicated this approach using ozone gas. If power plants are to add highly-adsorbent PACs to their flue gas streams for mercury control, methods are needed to reduce the sorbent impact on AEA in concrete.
[0022] 3. Objects of the Invention
[0023] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sorbent material that may be injected into a hot mercury-containing flue gas, so that a significant portion of the mercury is sequestered onto the sorbent and removed from the flue gas with its fly ash.
[0024] In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sorbent material that has a reduced interference with air-entraining-admixtures when a fly ash incorporating the saturated sorbents is used in concretes, sequestering the power-plant mercury from the environment.
[0025] Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide methods for inexpensively manufacturing and applying these improved mercury sorbent materials.
[0026] These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a method for removing mercury and mercury-containing compounds from a combustion gas in an exhaust gas system. The method has the steps of providing a mercury sorbent; injecting the mercury sorbent into a stream of the mercury-containing combustion gas for a sufficient time to allow at least an effective amount of the mercury and mercury-containing compounds in the combustion gas to adsorb onto the mercury sorbent and collecting and removing the mercury sorbent from the combustion gas stream. The mercury sorbent is prepared by treating a carbonaceous substrate with an effective amount of an ozone-containing gas for a sufficient time to increase the ability of the carbonaceous substrate to adsorb mercury and mercury-containing compounds and to decrease the degree of interference of the substrate on air-entraining-admixtures used with the substrates as a component of a concrete composition.
[0027] In some aspects of the invention, the carbonaceous substrate comprises activated carbon. The carbonaceous substrate is reduced to a particle size distribution fluidizable in the combustion gas stream prior to the injecting step. The points of injecting and collecting and removing the mercury sorbent may be varied, depending upon the exact configuration of the exhaust gas system.
[0028] In other aspects of the invention, a method for manufacturing a mercury sorbent is provided. The manufacturing method has the steps of: providing a carbonaceous substrate; providing an ozone-containing gas; and contacting the carbonaceous substrate with the ozone-containing gas for a sufficient time to increase the mercury adsorbing ability of the carbonaceous substrate and to decrease the degree of interference of the substrate on air-entraining-admixtures used with the substrates as a component of a concrete composition. In some aspects of this manufacture, the carbonaceous substrate is activated carbon.
[0029] The present invention will be best understood when reference is made to the accompanying drawings, wherein identical objects are identified by identical reference numerals and wherein:
[0030]FIGS. 1 through 3 are schematic diagrams describing possible methods for utilizing the improved sorbent compositions to remove and isolate mercury species from hot combustion flue gases;
[0031]FIG. 4 is a plot of sorbent breakthrough curves indicating improvements in mercury capture and capacity with the sorbent materials of the invention;
[0032]FIG. 5 is a graph indicating the degree to which the foam index of sorbents processed according to this invention are lowered with increasing contact with ozone;
[0033]FIG. 6 is a graph indicating the improved mercury capture levels, in a simulated coal-fired, duct-injection, ESP application, of sorbents processed according to this invention, compared to those not so processed; and
[0034]FIG. 7 is a graph indicating the improved mercury utilization, in a simulated coal-fired, duct-injection, ESP application, of sorbents processed according to this invention, along with these sorbents' improved foam indexes.
[0035] There are five essential elements to the mercury sequestration claims of the present invention. The first three are that (1) a carbonaceous adsorbent, such as powdered activated carbon (PAC), is used (2) to capture and concentrate vaporous mercury species from (3) a hot, flowing gas stream of combustion products. The fourth requirement is that the adsorbent material be (4) injected into the flowing gas, intimately mix with it, and be separated from the gas in a particulate collector along with fly ash. The fifth and final essential element of the invention is that at some time before it is mixed with the mercury-containing combustion gas, the carbon material must (5) be exposed to an ozone-containing treatment gas, producing a sorbent material that is both particularly reactive to gaseous mercury species and that has a decreased adsorption of air-entraining-admixtures (AEAs) if mixed with fly ash in a concrete composition.
[0036] I have discovered that the simple act of exposing a carbonaceous material, preferably powdered activated carbon (PAC), to gaseous ozone, O3(g), significantly increases the material's ability to adsorb vaporous mercury species when injected into high-temperature coal-fired flue-gas compositions. Reaction of the carbon with ozone produces an inexpensive sorbent material that can be simply injected into the ductwork of a power plant ahead of an existing particulate collector, without the need for large volumes of sorbent, retrofitted flue-gas cooling, or extended sorption time on an additional fabric filter. When the carbon particles are removed from the flue gas along with the fly ash by an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or fabric filter, for example, the mercury is removed with them. The mercury sorbents are then disposed of with the fly ash. The captured mercury appears to be very stable. The toxic mercury is thus sequestered from environmental interactions.
[0037] If the fly ash from an application of the process is to be used as a cement substitute in concretes, the ozone treatment of the mercury sorbent has the additional beneficial effect of decreasing the resulting foam index of the fly ash. Lowering the sorbent's interference with AEAs can enable some fly ashes to be used in concretes, completely sequestering the power-plant mercury in a cementitious matrix.
[0038] Production of the new mercury sorbent materials is simple. The carbon material and the ozone gas need simply be contacted with each other, a process herein referred to as "ozonation." Ozone is a gas at ambient temperature. Using a gas-phase carbon reactant considerably simplifies the production of the sorbent. Any common mixing method and equipment can be used to contact the ozone with the carbon-based substrates.
[0039] Manufacture of the improved mercury sorbent of this invention begins with a carbonaceous substrate material for the mercury sorbent. Many different materials can perform this role. By way of example, but not intending to be limiting, possible carbonaceous materials include: activated carbon, activated charcoal, activated coke, char, and unburned or partially-burned carbon from a combustion process. The important features of the sorbent substrate material are that it contain significant elemental carbon and that it has an adequate degree of porosity or surface area to provide mercury removal in the process. The size of the carbonaceous particles during ozonation is not critical as long as their mass is uniformly exposed to and reacted with the ozone. The material can be fine enough already so that it can be mixed with and carried by the mercury-containing flue-gas stream, or it can be large and granular, to be comminuted after ozonation, but prior to being injected into the mercury-containing gas stream.
[0040] A preferred carbonaceous substrate material is activated carbon. If the manufacturing process of this invention is integrated into the manufacture of the activated carbon material itself, the carbonaceous substrate could be, for example, the carbon material after it has undergone a steam activation procedure. Alternately, the activated carbon entering the treatment process can be an existing commercial product. Preferably the activated carbon is in a very fine state, which allows for a more uniform ozonation. An example would be a powdered activated carbon (PAC). Such a material would already have some gas-phase mercury adsorption capability which the treatment process of this invention will greatly amplify.
[0041] If the carbonaceous substrate material is at ambient temperature, preferably it is heated to a temperature of above about 100� C. to drive off any physically-adsorbed moisture that can block the material's pores or interfere with the ozonation step. A separate vessel may optionally be utilized for this preheating step or it can be integrated into the larger processing scheme. Higher temperatures will clean off other heteroatom complexes.
[0042] The key step in the sorbent manufacturing process is exposing the dried carbonaceous materials to the ozone-containing gas. When the gas contacts the solids, it quickly reacts with the materials, modifying the distribution of heteroatom surface-complexes on the carbon surface. Surprisingly, treatment with only a very small initial amount of ozone leads to a very large increase in mercury sequestration performance of carbonaceous materials. Modest amounts of additional ozone appear to have relatively little marginal effect on mercury performance. Higher degrees of ozone treatment actually decrease the mercury capabilities of such a sorbent, as structural carbon is oxidized to CO and CO2 and the porous structure of the material breaks down.
[0043] In contrast, any level of ozonation of the carbonaceous substrates appears to lower its foam index value and the deleterious effect it can have on AEAs in concretes. The greater the contact with ozone, the lower the foam index of the material and the less it interferes with AEAs.
[0044] So the optimum level of ozone to combine with the carbonaceous material will vary with the particular situation. Obviously, mercury sorbents treated to higher ozone levels will take longer to produce and cost more. If the fly ash containing the carbonaceous sorbents is to be sold for use in concrete, then it can be advantageous to ozonate to a higher level, for example, using 300 grams of ozone per kilogram of powdered activated carbon. If the fly ash is not to be sold for concrete use, on the other hand, a more economic level of 10 g O3/kg PAC or even less might be preferred. If the surface area of a PAC is 200 m2/g, these ozonation levels would translate to 50 and 1 μmole of ozone per square meter of total carbon surface area, respectively.
[0045] Note that the ozonation step can occur in any number of possible reactors. The particular equipment used to contact the carbonaceous substrates with the ozone-containing gas can be, for example, a stationary mixer, a rotating drum, a structure with a vertically-moving bed, a fluidized-bed or bubbling-bed unit, a transport reactor, or any other contactor known in the art. The contactor units of Hurt et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,037, for example, would suit this purpose. So would applying the scheme of Altman U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,145. However, the mercury sorbent manufacturing process is not limited by the type of process equipment used. Any equipment or method that quickly and evenly distributes the ozone-containing gas to intimately contact the carbonaceous particles will satisfy the requirements of the invention.
[0046] In one preferred embodiment of the process, any ozone remaining in gas streams exiting the contactor can be transported to unsaturated carbon materials upstream in the process, eliminating the need to decompose ozone from the off-gas stream.
[0047] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention which are illustrated in the accompanying figures.
[0048]FIGS. 1 through 3 are schematic diagrams describing possible methods, among others, for utilizing the sorbents of the invention to remove and sequester mercury from hot combustion gases.
[0049]FIG. 1 applies the sorbents to a combustion gas stream where a particulate collector is utilized to collect the fly ash generated during combustion. In this invention, this device can be used to collect the injected mercury sorbents as well, concentrating the mercury species in a sequesterable stream. The particulate collector may be a fabric filter or baghouse, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), a cyclone, a venture scrubber, or any other device capable of removing the combustor fly ash or injected mercury sorbents from the gas stream. In the application described in FIG. 1, coal or wastes or other fuels are combusted in a boiler 11 generating mercury-containing flue gas which is cooled by steam tubes and an economizer 21. The gas typically flows through ductwork 61 to an air preheater 22, which drops the gas temperature from about 300-to-400� C. down to about 150-to-200� C. in the ductwork 62 exiting the air preheater.
[0050] In such an arrangement, the mercury sorbent of this invention, stored in a container such as a bin 71, is fed to and through an injection line 72 to the ductwork 62 and injected through a multitude of lances to widely disperse in the hot combustion flue gas. Mixing with the flue gas, the sorbent adsorbs a fraction of its elemental mercury and oxidized mercury species. The sorbent then flows with flue gas to the particulate collector 31. If the collector is a fabric filter, the mercury sorbent is deposited on the filter bags in a filter cake along with the fly ash and other gas-stream particulates. In a fabric filter the flue gas is forced through the filter cake and through the bag fabric. This causes intimate contact between the sorbents and the remaining mercury in the flue gas and will result in a high degree of mercury capture with a high degree of utilization of the sorbents. Cleansed of its mercury content and particulates, the flue gas exits the particulate collector to ductwork 63, the smokestack 51, and then to the atmosphere. Upon cleaning of the fabric filter bags or the ESP collection plates, the mercury sorbents fall into hoppers and are eventually emptied 81 from the particulate collector and are disposed of along with the collected fly ash and unburned carbon. The mercury sorbents of this invention will generally make up on the order of 1 or 2 wt % of the collected particulates in pulverized coal power-plant applications.
[0051] If the particulate collector in FIG. 1 is an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) instead of a fabric filter, it becomes a more difficult situation for mercury removal because the flue gas is not forced through the sorbent in a filter cake layer of a collection bag. Because of the poorer mass transfer of mercury to sorbent within an ESP, in this case it is particularly important to inject at 72 as far ahead of any turning vanes, flow distributors, ductwork, and exposed surface-area in the ducts as possible. This not only provides more residence time for the sorbents to mix with and remove mercury from the flowing gas, but provides more mass transfer area for the sorbent to collect on, increasing overall mercury removal. In the ESP 31, the sorbents are collected on plates with the fly ash and upon rapping of the plates are eventually discharged from the ESP 81 for disposal along with the rest of the particulates.
[0052] The method for removing mercury from combustion gas streams of this invention is not limited to the particular arrangements described in the figures. These have been provided simply to illustrate common examples and many other variations are possible. For example, a wet scrubber for flue gas desulfurization could appear at 63 in FIG. 1. Similarly, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit for NOx reduction or a flue gas conditioning system to improve particulate removal could be placed in the equipment arrangements. The utility of the disclosed mercury-removal method would be unaffected, however.
[0053] Similarly, the mercury sorbents of this invention could be injected while mixed in with sorbents for other flue gas components, such as calcium or magnesium hydroxide or oxide for flue gas SO3, HCl, or SO2, rather than injected alone. Alternately, the mercury sorbents could be injected in a liquid slurry, which would quickly evaporate in the hot flue gas. Other variations of the methods of applying this invention can be formulated by those familiar with art and they should be considered within the scope of this disclosure and the included claims.
[0054] Two such arrangements bear particular mention. FIG. 2 applies the sorbents in a "TOXECON�" arrangement. Here the mercury sorbents 71 are injected after an ESP 32 into the almost particulate-free ductwork 67 before a small, high-velocity fabric filter 33. In this manner the fly ash 80 does not become mixed with the carbonaceous sorbents, allowing the fly ash to be sold directly for concrete use. Moreover, the filter cake of fabric filter 33 would predominantly be mercury sorbent, allowing a longer residence time, higher utilization levels, and the possibility of recovering and reinjecting the sorbent to lower costs. The superior reactivity and capacities of the mercury sorbents of this invention make them prime candidates for use in such an arrangement.
[0055]FIG. 3 illustrates sorbent usage at plants that have spray dryers for acid rain control. The mercury sorbent could be injected before the spray dryer 62, into the spray dryer 41, into the ductwork 68, between the spray dryer and the particulate collector 31, or mixed in with the scrubber slurry itself.
[0056] Other possible alternatives within the scope of the invention would be to ozonate carbonaceous "thief" particles withdrawn from the combustor 11 before their complete combustion and to inject them at lower temperatures downstream. Alternately, unburned carbon and unsaturated mercury sorbents could be physically separated from fly ash, ozonated, and injected back into the gas stream.
[0057] Now the present invention will be further described in detail by way of examples.
[0058] The ozone-gas treatment of this invention was found to markedly increase the mercury sequestration performance of carbonaceous materials. FIG. 4 presents the fixed-bed mercury breakthrough-curve of a common untreated commercial PAC and the breakthrough curves of three similar samples that had been treated with varying amounts of ozone gas. Laboratory fixed-bed maximum-capacity tests like this roughly simulate the conditions of a sorbent in a filter cake on a bag in a fabric filter. While they do not simulate the kinetics and mass transfer of duct-injection into an ESP, they do provide measures of the maximum mercury capacity of the material and the slope of the breakthrough curve provides some idea of the kinetics.
[0059] The standard laboratory fixed-bed testing procedure that was used in this example is similar to that of other researchers and generates a traditional breakthrough curve. In the standard procedure used in these experiments, thin fixed-beds of Norit's Darco FGD� PAC of about 5-mg were vacuum-applied to filters and placed in a filter-holder in a laboratory oven at 175� C., the temperature commonly available before particulate collection devices at combustor facilities. The treated samples had been earlier exposed to gaseous ozone by passing air containing about 0.4% ozone through the materials at about 10 g O3/min/kg of PAC.
[0060] In the examples of FIG. 4 a mercury challenge gas was sent through heated lines to each of the materials at 6.7 lpm that contained an average of about 13 λg/Nm3 of elemental Hg from permeation tubes in an oil bath. To simulate a coal-combustion gas stream, 1400 ppm SO2 and 600 ppm NO from bottled gases and 4 wt % of water from a peristaltic pump were also spiked into the gas with the balance being 11.5% O2 and the rest, N2. Mercury levels both into and out from the materials were measured with a gas-phase elemental-mercury analyzer.
[0061] As described in the figures, the ozone treatments of this invention increased the elemental mercury capacity of these PACs by from 300% to 1000%. A relatively small amount of ozone, from 15 minutes of treatment, produced a large gain in mercury capacity. Longer ozone treatments, like to 90 minutes, however, degraded the material's performance.
[0062] In the next example, a series of FGD PAC samples were prepared by treating them according to the procedures of Example 1 with significantly different amounts of total ozone gas. Foam index tests using the common AEA Darex II� were then performed multiple times from each sample and the values were averaged. The results are plotted logarithmically in FIG. 5. Clearly, increasing the amount of ozone contacting the PAC decreases its foam index and allows bubbles to stabilize with less AEA.
[0063] In the next example, a large series of actual duct-injection runs were performed with a simulated coal-fired flue-gas stream on a 50-acfm pilot-scale test system. The mercury mass transfer to fluidized sorbent and adsorption kinetics in this system are similar to that in a full-scale utility application. The fully-instrumented duct-injection test system included a propane burner unit to generate the hot flue gas; a humidification drum to add an appropriate degree of moisture to the gas; a mercury spiking subsystem with elemental-mercury permeation tubes; a flue gas spiking subsystem with mass flow controllers for SO2, NOx, and HCl; a small sorbent feeder and fluidizing injection subsystem to lessen sorbent pulsing; 10 meters of insulated, 10-cm-diameter ducting circling the ceiling; thermocouples; an electrostatic filter with an effective specific collection area of about 500 ft2/Kacf; a back-up fabric filter; a safety filter; an orifice plate to measure flow; and a variable-speed I.D. fan. The gas temperature at injection was about 175� C. and at the ESP was about 145� C. and the spiked flue gas concentrations were about 24 μg/Nm3 Hg(0), 1400 ppm SO2, 600 ppm NOx, and 5 ppm HCl, typical values for coal-fired power plants.
[0064] Both an untreated PAC, Norit Darco FGD�, and ozonated samples were injected at various rates into the hot gas with a ductwork residence time of about 3.5 seconds before the small ESP. The ozonated PACs were treated with about 10 g of O3 per minute per kg of PAC. Mercury measurements before and during injection were taken using a SnCl2 oxidized-mercury conversion system and a cold-vapor atomic adsorption analyzer outfitted for continuous, gas-phase use.
[0065] The results of the various duct-injection runs appear in FIG. 6. At every ozonation level and every injection level tested, the ozonated samples removed more mercury from the flue gas than did the untreated samples. There was not much difference in the performance between the various ozonated samples, with the sample treated for one minute removing about the same amount of mercury from the hot flowing gas as the sample ozonated for twenty minutes. In general, however, the ozonated samples performed about twice as well at sequestering mercury as the untreated samples. To achieve 40% mercury removal, for example, required about 8 lb of untreated PAC per million actual cubic feet of gas flow, but required only about 4 lb of ozonated PAC.
[0066] The foam index values of the PAC samples from Example 3 with Darex II�, a commonly-used air-entraining-admixture, were measured. These are plotted in FIG. 7 against the ozonation level of the sample. Also plotted are the resulting mercury utilization levels of the sorbents, measured in terms of micrograms of captured mercury per gram of PAC. Again, a surprisingly-large increase in mercury performance occurred with just a small exposure of the carbonaceous substrate to ozone, with essentially no gain thereafter. However, the foam index of the materials continued to beneficially drop upon increasing exposure.
Referenced by
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text:
You can clone with
or SSH.
#place this overide in a rails initailizer as a workaround
module Paperclip
class ContentTypeDetector
def type_from_file_command
type = SENSIBLE_DEFAULT
From what I can gather, paperclip is runnning the "file" command to identify a file type.
Windows has no such "file" command. Unfortunatly, there is a Jruby 1.7.4 issue with the "current thread" variable which prevents the type_from_file_command from failing gracefully. Here is a work around
@hathawad have you confirmed this is fixed on master for 1.7.5 yet? We did change the logic of this so that we no longer have the current thread issue. I just want to make sure so we can make sure this is addressed for 1.7.5.


text:
Post-Christmas Raffle Winners
The post-Christmas raffle has been closed and the winners have been chosen. I had 35 entries and only 4 Squirts to give away so, unfortunately, not everyone can be a winner. I will be contacting the winners off-list to confirm addresses.
This was such a pain in the butt; each entry was emailed to me individually. Then, I had to take each entry from my gmail and compile an Excel sheet. Next time, I totally have to create a mini database to store this information in - that would be so much easier! Ahhh, it was my first one, cut me some slack.
It may have been a pain in the butt, but giving is such an addictive feeling... perhaps this is something that we will need to do more often. I'll keep you posted and best of luck to you in the next raffle!
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I better have won, because if I didn't...(shakes fist Homer Simpson style)


text:
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text:
Type.GetMembers Method (BindingFlags)
When overridden in a derived class, searches for the members defined for the current Type, using the specified binding constraints.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
- bindingAttr
- Type: System.Reflection.BindingFlags
A bitmask comprised of one or more BindingFlags that specify how the search is conducted.
Zero, to return a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
Return ValueType: System.Reflection.MemberInfo[]
An array of MemberInfo objects representing all members defined for the current Type that match the specified binding constraints.
An empty array of type MemberInfo, if no members are defined for the current Type, or if none of the defined members match the binding constraints.
Members include properties, methods, fields, events, and so on.
The GetMembers method does not return members in a particular order, such as alphabetical or declaration order. Your code must not depend on the order in which members are returned, because that order varies.
The following BindingFlags filter flags can be used to define which members to include in the search:
You must specify either BindingFlags.Instance or BindingFlags.Static in order to get a return.
Specify BindingFlags.Public to include public members in the search.
Specify BindingFlags.NonPublic to include non-public members (that is, private, internal, and protected members) in the search. Only protected and internal members on base classes are returned; private members on base classes are not returned.
Specify BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy to include public and protected static members up the hierarchy; private static members in inherited classes are not included.
The following BindingFlags modifier flags can be used to change how the search works:
BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly to search only the members declared on the Type, not members that were simply inherited.
Calling this method with only the Public flag or only the NonPublic flag will return the specified members and does not require any other flags.
See System.Reflection.BindingFlags for more information.
To get the class initializer (.cctor) using this method overload, you must specify BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic (BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic in Visual Basic). You can also get the class initializer using the TypeInitializer property.
If the current T:System.Type represents a constructed generic type, this method returns the MemberInfo objects with the type parameters replaced by the appropriate type arguments.
If the current Type represents a type parameter in the definition of a generic type or generic method, this method searches the members of the class constraint, or the members of Object if there is no class constraint.
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows XP SP2 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.


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A deer is blamed for causing an accident which ended with the vehicle in a creek in southern Dearborn County Thursday.
Local News
Deer Crash Sends Vehicle Into Creek
US 421 Chip Seal Work Starts Tuesday
The Indiana Department of Transportation plans to chip seal U.S. Highway 421 from Greensburg through Napoleon next week, weather permitting.
Report: Bennett To Resign Over Ind. Grade Scandal
Florida Education Commissioner Tony Bennett, formerly the state superintendent of public instruction in Indiana, has reportedly resigned from the post.
FSSA Breach Affected 64 Clients
Indiana Family and Social Services Administration officials say only 64 people had their personal information compromised during April's breach.
Missing Florence Man Located In Seattle
Police have determined the whereabouts of a missing Florence man.
Enquirer: All-Star Game May Cost Taxpayers
Even if they are not going to the game, the 2015 Major League Baseball All-Star Game in Cincinnati could cost Hamilton County taxpayers.
St. John The Baptist Harrison Will Relocate
A local Catholic church is making plans to move from its home of more than 160 years.
New Southern Indiana Area Code Is 930
Pretty soon, the 812 will also be referred to as the 930.
S-DIS PTO Giving Out Drug Testing Kits
Drug testing kits are being given out by a local parent-teacher organization to Dearborn County parents in hopes that it will slow the drug epidemic.
Airsoft Game Creates Scare At Fair
Off-duty carnival employees at the Ripley County 4-H Fair caused some tense moments at the fairgrounds in Osgood last week.


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Lee's 11th Annual Wine Experience: 2 Tickets
LVH Hotel & Casino • Las Vegas, NV
Saturday, November 9
What you get
- $50 ($100 Value) for Two Tickets to Lee's 11th Annual Wine Experience
- Sample Fine Wine and Spirits
- More Than 1,000 Wines From Around the World
Better prepare a speech, because when you raise your glass with this offer, your charity work will be the toast of the town at Lee's 11th Annual Wine Experience on Saturday, November 9. Join other oenophiles at the LVH Hotel & Casino from 3 to 8 p.m. to sample fine wines and spirits from regional wineries and vineyards across the globe -- and don't forget to pair some of those vinos with the catered appetizers, also on hand. The best part? All the proceeds from this soirée go to Lee's Helping Hand, an organization that supports local children's charities -- that ought to give you a nice buzz.
Fine printREFUND POLICY: This event is nonrefundable. No full or partial refunds are given to customers who miss the event. In the event of a cancellation, your voucher will be fully refunded • Each voucher is good for 2 people • Must be 21+ to attend • The deal is valid only for tickets on the date[s] of the event as listed and may not be exchanged or redeemed for any other dates • Purchaser may change the name of the individual retrieving tickets up to 24 hours in advance of event via the LivingSocial website event details section; no name-changes or alternate pick-ups permitted without notice at venue • Entire value must be used in a single visit
Lee's 11th Annual Wine Experience: 2 Tickets
times for
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use by Aug 5
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use by Aug 15
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Admission to Stripper 101 Pole Dancing Class
V Theater located inside Miracle Mile Shops attached to Planet Hollywood
use by Aug 8
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Ticket to Las Vegas Ghost Tour "Haunts & The Mob"
Starting location: Heart Attack Grill
use by Aug 15
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Vegas Nightclub Pass for 1 or 2
The V Theater
use by Aug 15
Las Vegas, NV
Ticket to "Evil Dead the Musical 4D"
V Theater in Planet Hollywood
use by Aug 5
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Ticket to "Raiding the Rock Vault"
Tropicana Resort & Casino
use by Sep 11
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Ticket to "The Mentalist"
V Theater located inside Miracle Mile Shops attached to Planet Hollywood
Nearby deals
Keller Williams
Real Estate Pre-License Training Package
Lullaby Lane Photography
One-Hour Newborn Photo Session with Prints
Vegas HOT!
One Month of Unlimited Hot Fitness Classes
Classylash & Spa Services
Facial and Peel or Full Set of Eyelash Extensions
Life Science Health Center
Botox or Hangover Shots
Doc's Carpet Cleaning
Mobile Carpet Cleaning or Auto Detailing
The Salon at Lakeside
Haircut Package with Options for Color Services
Face of an Angel
Full Set of Acrylic Nails or a Fill-In


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NOAA: World In 2013 Was 4th Hottest On Record
Updated: 01/21/2014 - The sweltering year of 1988 first put global warming in the headlines and ended up as the hottest year on record. But on Tuesday, it was pushed out of the top 20 warmest by 2013.
Updated: 01/21/2014 - The sweltering year of 1988 first put global warming in the headlines and ended up as the hottest year on record. But on Tuesday, it was pushed out of the top 20 warmest by 2013.
Posted: 01/21/2014 - Police in South Texas say account information stolen during the Target security breach is now being divided up and sold off regionally as evidenced by the arrest of two Mexican citizens in connection to 96 fraudulent credit cards.
Posted: 01/21/2014 - Black media outlets want tobacco companies to run court-ordered advertisements in their publications as part of a lawsuit charging that the industry lied about the dangers of smoking.
Posted: 01/20/2014 - Omaha officials say two people are dead and all other workers are accounted for in the animal feed plant that exploded.
Posted: 01/20/2014 - Marijuana use is being debated Monday, after President Obama gave his two cents on the matter in an interview Sunday.
Updated: 01/20/2014 - Jimmy Fallon will open his run as the host of NBC's "Tonight" show with actor Will Smith and the rock band U2 as guests.
Posted: 01/20/2014 - Security breaches at Target have sent people scrambling to protect their data.
Posted: 01/20/2014 - A new video claims explosions 1,000 miles from the Olympic Games are just the beginning.
Updated: 01/19/2014 - Peyton Manning and the Denver Broncos will face the best defense they've met all season when they play Richard Sherman's Seattle Seahawks in the Super Bowl.
Posted: 01/19/2014 - President Barack Obama says he doesn't think marijuana is more dangerous than alcohol.
Posted: 01/19/2014 - Pirates have seized a merchant ship in the Red Sea and have taken it south towards Somali waters in the first successful hijacking in the region since 2012, maritime officials said on Sunday.
Posted: 01/19/2014 - If you have a question about your taxes, here's a tip: Be prepared to be very patient.
Posted: 01/19/2014 - President Barack Obama said Saturday that he would not let revelations about U.S. intelligence work and surveillance damage ties with Germany, a day after outlining his plans to curb the government's mass collection of phone records.
Posted: 01/19/2014 - Twenty soldiers were killed when a bomb explosion hit a vehicle in North West Pakistan on Sunday, military officials told NBC News.
Updated: 01/19/2014 - Temperatures are set to drop again in the Midwest and Northeast starting Sunday, a forecast that already is prompting the return of the phrase "polar vortex" -- widely used to describe the blast of cold air that chilled the U.S. earlier this month
Updated: 01/19/2014 - The Democratic mayor of a New Jersey town flooded during Superstorm Sandy says she was told an ultimatum tying storm recovery aid to her support of a prime real estate development came from Republican Gov. Chris Christie.
Posted: 01/18/2014 - Fast-food consumption is often blamed for the epidemic of overweight and obesity among U.S. children. But a new study finds that poor eating the rest of the day is most strongly linked with weight issues.
Posted: 01/18/2014 - "Mitt," the documentary by Utah filmmaker Greg Whiteley about 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, is worth watching for the simple fact that viewers get access to a Romney most have never seen.
Posted: 01/18/2014 - Firefighters made progress Friday against a wildfire — apparently sparked when paper was tossed into a campfire — that tore through two and a half square miles of brush and forced thousands of people from their homes in the foothills outside Los Angeles.
Posted: 01/18/2014 - A document obtained by The Associated Press on Friday shows Pope Benedict XVI defrocked nearly 400 priests over just two years for molesting children.
Updated: 01/17/2014 - The Supreme Court has agreed to decide whether police need a warrant to search the cellphones of people they have arrested.
Posted: 01/17/2014 - President Barack Obama on Friday called for ending the government's control of phone data from hundreds of millions of Americans and immediately ordered intelligence agencies to get a secretive court's permission before accessing such records.
Posted: 01/17/2014 - A Georgia driver continues talking on his cell phone even after being pulled over for distracted driving.
Updated: 01/17/2014 - A new surgeon general report out Friday links smoking to 13 types of cancer plus a host of other health problems.
Posted: 01/16/2014 - Congress sent President Barack Obama a $1.1 trillion government-wide spending bill Thursday, easing the harshest effects of last year's automatic budget cuts after tea party critics chastened by October's partial shutdown mounted only a faint protest.


text: We took a party of 10, ages 15-72, to Deadman's Reef from the cruise terminal. Arrangements were made directly through Deadman's Reef and not through the cruise line, prior to sailing. Slightly cheaper doing it this way. A representative met us promptly at the terminal, lead us to an air-conditioned tour bus, and had us write down the names of all the members of our party and the time that we needed to be back at the terminal. He then told us what time to meet by the bus when we were ready to leave.The ride is an interesting & easy 20 minute ride. Upon arrival we were directed to a counter where we paid for snorkel gear, 2 umbrellas, 6 lounge chairs and 2 air mattresses. We were given vouchers to take to the equipment hut. Very smooth transaction. While we got our snorkel gear another gentlemen set up our lounge chairs, umbrellas, and delivered the air mattresses. We were given a brief guide on best areas to snorkel, and what to watch out for and avoid. Individuals that had snorkeled before were then released to go enjoy themselves. Those that had not were offered a free lesson on using the equipment. Beautiful beach, clear and warm water. Saw nurse sharks, sea turtles, baracuda, sea urchins, sand dollars, sting rays, parrot fish, red coral and hundreds of other fish I couldn't identify. Out by the reef you could just float on top of the water and the fish swam all around you. It was like swimming in an aquarium. I have snorkeled in Hawaii, Belize, Cozumel, Cayman Islands, Sea of Cortez, Tahiti and many more. This was the biggest bang for the buck. They also have a bar that serves items like cracked conch, conch fritters, and halibut sandwiches to name a few. We tried them all and agreed the cracked conch and the halibut sandwich were delicious.When it was time to leave we met at the bus, the driver checked our names off the list, and would not allow anyone not on the list on. This assured that we were able to return to the cruise terminal in a timely manner. So organized. If I returned to Freeport I would definitely do this again. They also offer bungalows on the premises to rent and stay in. My husband and I have both said it would be nice to stay there for a few days.


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Cursor.Current Property
.NET Framework 4.6 and 4.5
Gets or sets a cursor object that represents the mouse cursor.
Namespace: System.Windows.Forms
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
Setting the Current property changes the cursor currently displayed. The application may or may not continue to listen for mouse events. To signal that the application should not respond to mouse events during a long-running operation, use the UseWaitCursor property. In most cases, however, it's better to use a background thread to manage a long-running operation, and leave your user interface accessible to the user. For more information on easily implementing a background task, see BackgroundWorker.
- UIPermission
for safe subwindows to set this property. Associated enumeration: UIPermissionWindow.SafeSubWindows


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Custom Recipes for
Pear and Pomegranate Salad
Something about the grill's heat brings out the best flavor in the simplest chicken recipe.
We have over 700 dessert recipes just for summer fun.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Make a healthy green salad loaded with fresh fruit and curried nuts.
This creamy, tangy salad has a delicious crunch from the pecans.
A green salad gets dressed up with sliced pears, candied pecans, and blue cheese.
Read our allrecipes.com blog


text: Just returned from a visit with 4 friends. It's a fabulous little hotel on the Lido so perfect for a quieter aspect to a holiday in Venice. Only 10 min walk from the water bus station with amazing views over Venice island. Breakfast was gorgeous with a lovely selection of hot and cold food. Franca on reception is lovely and... More


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VIEWS: 5 PAGES: 1 POSTED ON: 11/19/2011 Public Domain
Lately, you will find a great deal of printers which can be out from the industry and among the quite a few kinds of printers, the coloring laser printer is a single of the most well-liked and sought immediately after printers of all. This kind of printer use warmth and toner in order to print on newspaper along with other channel. What tends to make this distinct printer wonderful is that it truly is very practical as it permits you to print additional and help you save much more in your toner hence creating it a well-liked alternative in business office environments.Together with the quite a few laser printers out in the market, it is usually a problem to search out the correct 1 available for you. Nonetheless, when locating the printer, there are some issues which you should take into account initially. The very best factor that you just have to do is always to checklist down and examine printers that you will be likely to buy in addition as its features.Thus, when purchasing a printer, the first thing that you choose to ought to search into could be the type from the printer. A printer that has a very good type has beneficial reliability so choosing printers from Brother, Canon or HP is your best alternative. These different manufacturers of printers have good popularity when it will come to your quality from the printers that they manufacture.Now when it comes to the capabilities with the printer, it can be important that you choose to invest in printers that will make you optimize the machine. These days, you will find a good deal of shade laser printers that will not only print but also have a very capacity to scan and photocopy thus acquiring a single is often a fantastic addition within your property or place of work. The top matter about buying printers that happen to be multifunction is that you'll be able to get by far the most out within your dollars.One more point which you need to make a decision when getting a printer is its price tag. It's prevalent know-how that printers are units that will not can come affordable and that printers with a lot more characteristics usually have extra high priced value tags. So the subsequent time you store for printers, be sure that you choose to select the ones that will meet up with your finances.It can be also very important that you get a printer that may be supplied with at least a single year of guarantee for support and substitute. It truly is crucial which you do that so that you'll be able to assure which the printer will give good results appropriately for your long time. This will also assist you to take pleasure in your printer and its added benefits far too.
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