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A software and/or hardware facility is described that enables searches for transient multimedia resources that are contained in real-time multimedia streams. Because real-time data streams are not archived for subsequent access, transient resources contained in the streams are preferably quickly identified, characterized in a database, and indexed so that the facility can locate transient resources that are responsive to search queries. Stream listeners are disclosed that are configured to monitor data streams and identify transient resources within the streams based on associated metadata. Various techniques are disclosed to optimize the operation of the stream listeners. In response to a search query, search results are generated by the facility that include transient multimedia resources that are accessible via a network at the time that the search query is received.
1. A method in a computing system to locate media resources on a network, the method comprising:
(a) receiving a search request characterizing a desired media resource;
(b) in response to receiving the search request:
(i) querying a catalog of transient media resources located on a network to identify transient media resources responsive to the search request, the transient media resources being contained in a plurality of real-time data streams;
(ii) querying a catalog of static media resources located on the network to identify static media resources responsive to the search request, the static media resources not being contained in real-time data streams; and
(c) merging the transient media resources identified from the catalog of transient media resources with the static media resources identified from the catalog of static media resources to produce search results that are responsive to the search request.
2. The method of
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9. The method of
(a) re-querying the catalog of transient media resources when the lifetime of at least one of the transient media resources has expired to identify updated transient media resources responsive to the search request; and
(b) re-displaying the search results so that the updated transient media resources and the static media resources are presented together.
10. The method of
11. A method of constructing a catalog to allow searching for transient media resources accessible via a network, the method comprising:
(a) searching a network to identify a plurality of real-time data streams containing media resources;
(b) monitoring the plurality of real-time data streams to identify a media resource contained within the one or more real-time data streams; and
(c) when a media resource is identified in one of the plurality of real-time data streams, updating a catalog of the real-time data streams to reflect the identified media resource contained in the associated real-time data stream.
12. The method of
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identifying two or more real-time data streams that contain the same media resources; and
monitoring only one of the identified real-time data streams.
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
(a) identifying at least one transmission characteristic associated with each of the plurality of real-time data streams; and
(b) sampling each of the plurality of real-time data streams to identify a media resource contained within each sampled real-time data stream, wherein the sampling methodology is based in part on an identified transmission characteristic associated with the sampled real-time data stream.
23. The method of
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29. The method of
identifying two or more real-time data streams that contain the same media resources but have different transmission characteristics; and
sampling only one of the identified real-time data streams.
30. A system for monitoring a plurality of real-time data streams accessible via a network to identify media resources contained within the plurality of data streams, the system comprising:
(a) an index of a plurality of real-time data streams accessible via a network, the index containing information characterizing each of the plurality of real-time data streams;
(b) a plurality of data stream listeners that are each configured to detect media resources contained within a real-time data stream based on characteristics of the real-time data stream, and;
(c) a controller coupled to the index and the plurality of data stream listeners, wherein, based on the information characterizing each of the plurality of real-time data streams, the controller correlates each of the plurality of data stream listeners with one or more of the plurality of real-time data streams in order to detect media resources contained within said data streams.
31. The system of
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34. The system of
35. A system for displaying media resources responsive to a search query, the system comprising:
(a) a catalog of static media resources and transient media resources accessible via a network;
(b) a first search index mapped to the catalog of transient media resources, the first search index being queriable to identify transient media resources that are responsive to a search query;
(c) a second search index mapped to the catalog of static media resources, the second search index being queriable to identify static media resources that are responsive to a search query; and
(d) a search module for receiving a search query, querying the first search index and the second search index in order to identify transient media resources and static media resources that are responsive to the search query, and compiling the identified transient media resources and static media resources into a set of search results.
36. The system of
37. The system of
38. The system of
39. One or more propagated data signals collectively conveying search results for media resources that are responsive to a search query, the one or more propagated data signals comprising:
a transient media resources segment comprising an identification of a plurality of transient media resources contained in a plurality of real-time data streams that are response to a search query; and
a static media resources segment comprising an identification of a plurality of static media resources that are not contained in real-time data streams that are responsive to the search query.
40. The propagated data signals of
The described technology relates to the field of multimedia search techniques.
Searching refers to a process in which a user submits a query, such as a list of keywords, and receives in return a search result. The search result is a set of one or more resources in a search domain that are determined to be responsive to the query by a search algorithm. It is typical for queries to be processed against a search index that corresponds to a desired search domain. For example, a query may be applied against a search index corresponding to a search domain of web documents, such as web pages or other textual documents available via the Internet, to produce a result containing a list of links to web documents satisfying the query. A query may similarly be applied against a search index corresponding to a multimedia search domain, to produce a result containing a list of links to multimedia resources satisfying the query. For example, the search query "Santana" applied against a multimedia search index could identify a link to a multimedia resource corresponding to the song "Smooth" by the band Santana.
The conventional approach to indexing a search domain involves populating the search index using web crawling techniques. Such web crawling techniques typically involve automatically examining all or portions of the World Wide Web in a methodical manner to identify resources, and queuing information about visited resources for later processing to add these resources to an index. Depending on the scope of the crawl, such techniques can involve long update cycles—for example, the web crawl might run every three days and therefore the index would only be updated every three days. Because of the time required to complete the crawl, this method of indexing is better suited for indexing some types of resources over others. For example, this method of indexing is generally quite suitable for identifying multimedia resources that are available for relatively long periods of time. An example of a multimedia resource that may be accessible for an extended period is a link to a Santana song on Santana's homepage (santana.com). As long as the band Santana continues to enjoy consumer success, it is likely that a user will be able to select and play a Santana audio or video clip from the website at any time during the future (whether weeks, months, or years).
In contrast to such "static" multimedia resources that are available for long periods of time, some publishers make available transient multimedia resources as part of a data stream. For example, a publisher may offer programming from a radio station over the Internet as a digitized stream so that listeners do not have to be in geographic proximity to a broadcast tower in order to enjoy the station programming. When provided over the Internet as an audio stream, the programming is typically "real-time" in the sense that the station does not store or archive the transmitted content in a manner that can be easily accessed by users in the future. Instead, users are only able to receive and play the content that is presently being broadcast by the station. That is, a user accessing a station via the Internet half-way through the broadcast of a song is usually precluded from "rewinding" or otherwise listening to the song from the start. Instead, the user is only able to listen to the remaining portion of the song that hasn't been broadcast. In this sense, all of the multimedia resources contained in a real-time data stream—whether they are songs, interviews, traffic reports, weather updates, or any other content in audio, video, audio/video, and/or other form—may be considered to be "transient" since they are only accessible via the Internet for an instant of time. Unless stored by the user, each multimedia resource can only be accessed for the period that the resource is broadcast. Of course, real-time multimedia data streams vary significantly between publishers and may be produced in any of a variety of media types, in various encoding formats, and at various quality levels. Some multimedia resources broadcast in a real-time data stream may be "live" in the sense that the media content is being created contemporaneously with its broadcast, while other multimedia content may be preexisting content that is presented in the real-time data stream.
Because transient multimedia resources are only accessible for a brief instant of time, conventional indexing techniques used to identify static multimedia resources are not suitable for transient multimedia resources for at least two reasons. First, conventional indexing techniques that identify a real-time multimedia data stream are often only able to index the data stream based on general metadata associated with that stream. For example, a stream might be identified as "swing music from the 40s," but the indexing would not be able to identify particular artists or song titles that are included in the stream. As a result, users searching for a particular artist may not know about the inclusion of the artist in a particular data stream because the metadata associated with the stream does not include such information. Second, even if the indexing technique was able to identify a particular artist that was being played on the stream at the time of indexing, because of the delay associated with most crawls such an index would quickly become out of date. Users searching for a particular artist would be unable to find the artist in a particular data stream because all or some of the results may be stale (meaning that a user selecting a search result and being redirected to a stream would not find the artist they were seeking in the stream) or no results may be returned even though the artist should be found in a stream if the stream were being indexed in a timely fashion. In each case, the user is unable to locate a desired result responsive to their search query.
In view of the above-discussed disadvantages of conventional approaches, a more effective approach to indexing transient multimedia resources would have substantial utility.
A software and/or hardware facility is described that enables searching for transient multimedia resources, either alone or in conjunction with searching for static multimedia resources. Transient multimedia resources are those audio, video, audio/video or other media resources that are typically delivered via a real-time data stream and accessible via a network for only a short period of time. Because transient multimedia resources are only available for brief periods, the facility uses special techniques to identify the transient multimedia resources, update a database of the transient resources, and quickly map the database to a search index for transient multimedia resources that may be accessed by users or other applications. Static multimedia resources are those audio, video, audio/video or other media resources that are available for access via a network for an extended period of time. In some embodiments, the facility also identifies static multimedia resources, stores them in a database, and indexes the static resources, but the timeframe for doing so may be longer because of the longevity of these resources. By maintaining the currency of the transient and static indices, end users are able to search for and accurately identify those media resources that are available at the time the search inquiry is made.
In some embodiments, the facility identifies a number of real-time multimedia streams that contain transient multimedia resources. Each real-time multimedia stream is analyzed to determine the characteristics of the stream, including, but not limited to: (i) the format of the stream (e.g., RealAudio�, Quicktime�, Windows� Media, MP3, Macromedia Flash�, etc.); (ii) the data rate of the stream (e.g., 48K, 128K, 256K, 750K, etc.); and (iii) any metadata associated with the stream that may characterize the stream (e.g., information related to the content of the stream, information related to the intellectual property embedded in the stream, information related to the technical aspects of the stream, etc.). Once a real-time multimedia stream has been accurately characterized, a stream listener may be configured to automatically monitor the stream and identify transient multimedia resources that are contained in the stream. Depending on the format of the stream, such listeners may monitor the stream continuously or may be able to monitor the stream on a periodic basis. In certain situations, not all identified real-time multimedia streams may need to be monitored. For example, sometimes data streams containing the same multimedia resources are available at different data rates, e.g., a low-bandwidth stream at 48K for dial-up users and higher bandwidth streams at 128K and 256K for broadband users, or in different formats, e.g., RealAudio and Quicktime. In such situations, only one of the data streams needs to be monitored to identify transient multimedia resources. Once identified, the information about the resources may be replicated for the other multimedia data streams having different rates or formats.
In some embodiments, after a stream listener has been configured for a real-time multimedia stream it may begin to monitor the stream in order to identify the transient multimedia resources that are contained in the stream. It will be appreciated that the content and length of transient resources in a stream may vary considerably from stream-to-stream. For example, an online radio may produce an audio multimedia stream with frequent transitions between songs, commercial breaks, live interviews, and news segments. The identity of the transient audio resource in the online radio stream may therefore change every few minutes. In contrast, an online video stream may contain transient video resources that last for an hour or more. The stream listeners are designed to monitor the multimedia stream to identify the transient resource that is currently being streamed, but more importantly to look for transitions in the stream that indicate the end of one media resource and the start of the next media resource. It is beneficial to identify transitions, since the sooner a new resource can be added to a database and indexed, the faster the resource can be located. When a transition is detected, the listener identifies information about the new transient resource. The facility may obtain such information from a variety of in-band and out-of-band sources. For example, the facility may extract embedded metadata from the data streams that identifies the content of the stream. Such metadata may be interspersed with or embedded in the resource, for example, in a header packet or in periodic packets containing metadata information that are in addition to or combined with packets containing the transient resource. Alternatively, some media publishers may offer a schedule on a web page that reflects the current content playing in a real-time multimedia steam, may offer an RSS or other feed to indicate the content in a real-time stream, or may offer a second metadata-only stream that is associated with a real-time stream. Regardless of the source of the information, when a listener detects that a new transient resource is contained in the stream it updates a transient multimedia database to reflect the current resource that is available if the stream were to be accessed. Note that the database record containing the immediately preceding resource in the stream is typically deleted or overwritten, as a user accessing the stream would no longer be able to access the preceding resource. A transient multimedia index is then quickly updated to map search terms to the transient multimedia database and enable searches to locate transient resources that are responsive to a search query.
In some embodiments, the facility maintains a pair of indices used to satisfy queries: a static multimedia index containing information about static media resources and a transient multimedia index containing information about transient media resources. The static multimedia index is updated using conventional techniques. In contrast, the transient multimedia index is typically updated on a frequent basis so that the index accurately reflects the media resources that are currently being streamed in a number of real-time multimedia streams. When a search query is received, the facility may perform a search of both indices and return static media results and transient media results that are responsive to the query. By providing multimedia search capability as described above, the facility provides an enhanced search experience by opening up a broader range of media sources that match a user's interests.
The multimedia resources may initially be found using a variety of techniques. One technique for identifying the multimedia resources is to use web crawlers 130 to crawl World Wide Web pages or other search domains 140. Another is to rely on human editors to search for and identify such resources. Still another technique is for publishers of multimedia resources to notify or otherwise register their multimedia resources with the facility. For example, a technique for locating multimedia resources is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/432,258 entitled "System and Process for Network Site Fragmented Search" (filed 21 May 2003) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. It will be appreciated that the technique use to locate multimedia resource may depend on the size of the search domain, the type of resources being located (e.g. static versus transient) or on other factors.
Media resources that are identified as part of a crawl or other technique are analyzed by characterization module 150 which sorts the identified resources into one of two types—static or transient. Certain multimedia resources that may be found are available for extended periods of time. That is, a user or other application may be able to access the identified resource now or in the future. Typically such resources are made available by a publisher until a time that the publisher determines that the resource should no longer be made available. Resources that have no known temporal restriction on when they can be accessed are characterized as "static" multimedia resources. The characterization module 150 stores a pointer to each identified static resource in the static multimedia database 155. In addition to a pointer to the resource, the characterization module stores other metadata that it identifies as being associated with the resource, and which may subsequently be useful to the facility to determine when a static resource is responsive to a user's search query. Such metadata may include, but not be limited to, information related to the content of the multimedia resource, such as the title of the resource, the author, the genre, reviews about the resource, or any other identifying information which would help characterize the content of the static multimedia resource. The metadata may also include any technical characteristics about the stored resource, such as the format of the resource or the data rate of the resource.
After characterizing information about each static multimedia resource is stored in the static multimedia database 155, a static multimedia index 120 is created. The static multimedia index is a searchable index that correlates search queries with records in the static multimedia database. Static multimedia index 120 may be created using any of a variety of techniques that are known in the art, such as those disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/432,306 entitled "System and Process for Searching a Network" (filed 21 May 2003) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The static multimedia database 155 may be periodically modified or supplemented if better information about each resource becomes available, and static multimedia index 120 may be periodically rebuilt to optimize searching of the database 155.
In contrast to static multimedia resources which are always available, the characterization module 150 may also identify a number of real-time multimedia streams that contain transient multimedia resources. As described above, real-time multimedia streams are those streams that may be characterized as a "live" broadcast, meaning that the producer of the stream typically does not store or allow users to easily access historical portions of the stream. When the characterization module 150 identifies a real-time multimedia stream 155 a-155 n, it stores a pointer to the location of that stream in real-time multimedia stream database 160. Depending upon the size of the resource domain 140 that is being crawled by the web crawler 130, the number of static multimedia resources identified by the characterization module 150 typically exceeds the number of real-time multimedia streams 160 that the characterization module identifies.
In an embodiment, on a periodic basis a real-time multimedia stream analysis module 170 analyzes the format and content of each multimedia stream identified in the multimedia stream database 160. Specifically, for each stream identified in the database, multimedia stream analysis module 170 analyzes the stream to determine the characteristics of the stream including, but not limited to, the format of the stream (e.g., Real Audio, Quicktime, Windows Media, MP3, Macromedia Flash, etc.), the data rate of the stream (e.g., 48k, 128k, 256 k, 750 k, etc.), and any metadata associated with the stream that may characterize the stream. The metadata associated with the stream may include items such as a description of the genre of the stream (e.g., pop radio, news, classic videos, educational programming, etc.), information about the content producer and distributor (e.g., the New York Times, Real Networks, etc.), and any other information that may characterize the general format and delivery of the stream (e.g., this stream operates from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., etc.). Metadata may include "hard" metadata that is inherent in the broadcast or distribution and includes the format of the stream, the data rate, the length of the stream or size of the associated file, the video resolution (height, width, and color depth), the sound characteristics (stereo or mono), etc., and "soft" metadata that is associated with the content of the stream and includes, title, performer, copyright, genre, topic, etc. Once the analysis module 170 has completed the characterization of multimedia streams in the database, the analysis module may configure one or more stream listeners 180 to monitor the streams.
It will be appreciated that stream listeners 180 can be configured in a variety of different ways to monitor real-time multimedia streams 155 a-155 n. The purpose of each stream listener 180 is to monitor a multimedia stream and identify any transient resource that is contained within the stream. Once a transient resource is identified in a multimedia stream, stream listener 180 updates a transient multimedia database 185 with the identity of the transient resource. As noted above, many real-time data streams will include an in-band or an out-of-band signal that provides metadata about the particular transient resource that is contained in the stream. Some media formats specify that a header be transmitted prior to any streaming content, the header containing metadata information about the streaming content that is to follow. For example, Windows Media format streams can include metadata in the metafile or in the header of the stream, whereas MP3 format streams can include the metadata in ID3 tags in the header or at the end of the file. Depending upon the format of the real-time stream, a stream listener 180 may be required to continuously monitor the stream in order to detect the presence of a header that precedes a transient resource in the stream. When a header is detected, the metadata associated with the transient resource is decoded and the information stored in the transient multimedia database 185. By continuously monitoring the real-time data streams, stream listeners 180 can detect all headers and insure that the transient multimedia database accurately reflects the current content of the streams.
While continuous monitoring insures that the identity of transient resources will be detected in real-time data streams, from a resource standpoint continuous monitoring can be a very inefficient process as it requires a dedicated listener for each multimedia stream and a significant amount of bandwidth in order to simultaneously monitor all streams. As a result, the stream analysis module 170 preferably attempts to identify a sampling methodology that conserves system resources while at the same time insuring that the transient multimedia database 185 is as accurate as possible. The sampling methodology used by a listener is contingent in part upon the metadata format in the associated real-time data stream. Certain formats provide that the metadata associated with a resource in a stream is periodically rebroadcast during the delivery of the resource. When a stream is delivered in a format that repeats metadata in the stream, a stream listener may be able to periodically sample the stream in order to detect the metadata and update the transient multimedia database. To insure the accuracy of the index, the sampling rate should preferably be more frequent than the length of the smallest typical resource in the stream. That is, if each resource in a particular stream is always greater than two minutes in length, the listener can sample the resource stream at a higher rate (e.g., once every minute) in order to be confident that the metadata for each resource is accurately captured. Of course, the sampling of a stream should preferably be done as near to the beginning of the resource as possible in order to insure that a user that is searching for that resource will be able to access the resource at the beginning of the resource rather than at the end of the resource. Those skilled in the art will recognize that sampling on a more frequent basis will increase the likelihood of sampling a resource at the beginning, and that tradeoffs can be made between sampling rate, resource usage, and probability of resource detection. Additionally, in some stream formats an associated metadata-only component of the stream may be subscribed to by the listener without having to monitor the portion of the stream containing the media resources. In this case, a different rate and type of sampling may be appropriate to monitor the contents of the stream. In still other formats, such as when metadata is provided in an out-of-band manner, alternative sampling methodologies may be adopted. Some producers of real-time multimedia streams may provide a feed (such as an RSS feed) or a schedule on a web page that indicates when a particular transient resource is starting in a multimedia stream. If such an out-of-band signal is provided by a stream producer, listener 180 can utilize the out-of-band signal to detect the start of the resource (such as by receipt of a message via the feed) and update the transient multimedia database 185 with the metadata information provided in the out-of-band signal. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other stream formats and methods of delivering metadata about transient resources contained in real-time multimedia streams may dictate other forms of stream listeners as well.
Still further facility resources can be conserved when the same real-time multimedia stream content is found to be delivered in multiple formats or data rates. For example, it is not unusual for multimedia stream producers to provide access to the same real-time stream content in each of a dominant media format, e.g., in Real Audio format and in Windows Media format. Similarly, within each format the multimedia stream producer may have the stream delivered in a variety of data rates that are optimized for a user's available bandwidth. As an example, a producer may deliver a high bandwidth Real Audio stream for users with a broadband connection and a low bandwidth Real Audio stream for users with a dialup connection. When the stream analysis module 170 identifies that the same real-time multimedia stream is merely being delivered in different formats or data rates, and when all of the streams are being delivered in a roughly synchronous manner, it is not necessary to configure a stream listener 180 to monitor each of these streams. Since the content contained in each real-time stream is the same, a single listener 180 could be configured to monitor a stream having a preferred format and data rate, and any metadata that the listener identifies about the monitored stream can be replicated in the transient multimedia database 185 for the streams in other formats and data rates. Alternatively, the facility may also start monitoring two real-time streams and only later determine that the streams are the same based on the identified resources in the streams. When such a similarity between streams is detected, the facility may opt to monitor only the stream having a preferred format and data rate. By monitoring only a single stream, a significant amount of facility resources can be conserved.
Soon after characterizing information about a transient resource is stored in the transient multimedia database 185, the transient multimedia index 110 is updated. The transient multimedia index is a searchable index that correlates search queries with records in the transient multimedia database. Transient multimedia index 110 may be created using any of a variety of techniques that are known in the art, including an inverted file or other index construction. Because the transient resources contained in real-time multimedia streams 155 a-155 n are typically of short duration, the transient multimedia index 110 is frequently updated to insure that searches of the transient multimedia database will remain highly accurate for users.
An interface module 190 is provided to allow users or web services to access and search the transient and static databases in order to identify multimedia resources. Inquiries in the form of search queries are submitted by users, web services, or other applications and presented to a search module 195. Using standard techniques, the search module 190 applies a search algorithm to parse the search query and apply the query against both the transient multimedia index 110 and the static multimedia index 120. The search queries may be performed simultaneously or sequentially, and the results merged by the search module. An example of search technology that may be useful in this context may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/886,946 entitled "Internet Streaming Media Workflow Architecture" (filed 7 Jul. 2004) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The search module 195 generates results from the transient multimedia database 185 and the static multimedia database 120 that are responsive to the search query, and returns the results to the interface module 190 in accordance with various parameters set by the user, web service, or other application. By presenting search results that contains both static and transient multimedia resources, the facility offers a much more compelling search experience.
Once the real-time data stream is accessed, the stream is analyzed to validate that the listener is correctly configured to monitor the stream and to further characterize the stream beyond the overarching metadata previously collected. At block 230, metadata associated with the transient resources contained in the stream is collected. The collection of transient resource information in this preliminary analysis helps the facility to characterize the typical media resource contained within the stream. The real-time stream may therefore be monitored for a short period of time at block 230 until the facility achieves a reasonable degree of confidence as to the typical transient resource that may be embedded in the stream.
At block 235, sampling parameters are derived that optimize the sampling rate of the listener in order to monitor the real-time multimedia stream. Such sampling parameters may be based on a number of different factors, including but not limited to the rate at which metadata is provided in the stream and the availability of out-of-band metadata. Moreover, the sampling parameters may be tuned so that the sampling is no more frequent that the transient multimedia index can be updated.
At block 240, some of the derived information that characterizes the multimedia stream may be stored in the stream database 160, including, for example, a pointer or other index to where the stream may be accessed, the technical characteristics of the stream including format and rate, information about the content and publisher of the stream, and information about the sampling parameters necessary to monitor the stream. Such stored information is used to appropriately configure the stream listeners 180. Following block 240, the analysis process 200 of one of the multimedia streams terminates.
At block 520, the facility optionally estimates the lifespan of the search results. Since the transient search results reflect the content within real-time streams, and since resources within the real-time streams are constantly changing, the transient resource results produced by the search process 500 will only be valid for a certain period of time. (In contrast, the static resource results can be considered to have an indefinite lifespan.) Such lifespan can be estimated if the approximate length of the identified transient resources is known, as well as the time that each of the transient resources started streaming. For example, if a stream listener 180 is monitoring an audio stream and detects a transition to a new song, a timestamp can be recorded in the transient multimedia database 185 that indicates when the new song started. Once the start time of the song is known, and the length of the song is also known from metadata associated with the song, then the facility can estimate the remaining time left in the song whenever a search query is received. If such an analysis were performed for all transient resources contained in a search result, the facility would know exactly how long the search results would be valid before having to be refreshed. The refresh could be manually or automatically implemented, and may occur as soon as the resource having the smallest amount of remaining time ended. Refreshing the search results may take a variety of forms. New search results might be presented to the user, with expired transient resources being dropped from the list of search results. Alternatively, the same search results might be presented, but with a graphical indication to the user (such as an icon or a red font color) indicating that certain transient resources in the search results are no longer available. The estimate performed at block 520 may obviously be omitted if such estimated information is not going to be presented to a user or used in another fashion.
At block 525, the facility outputs the search results which may include both static multimedia resources and transient multimedia resources. The static and transient resources may be intermixed, or they may be separately identified. As discussed in greater detail below, the amount of detail and format of the results may also vary considerably. If the lifespan of the transient resources has been previously determined in block 520, at block 525 the facility may elect to omit certain transient results that are reaching the end of their availability. For example, if only 5 seconds of a song remains in an audio stream when the search results are being formatted for being output, the song may be omitted from the results so that a user is not presented with results that have such a short effective life as to not be useful.
At decision block 530, the results may be periodically updated. Such update may occur based on a manual refresh requested by the user. Alternatively, such update may occur automatically when the facility determines that the lifespan of some or all of the transient results has expired. Since the index for the static multimedia resources is not refreshed very frequently, updating the results may require only a new search of the transient multimedia database. As a result, if an update is to occur the facility loops to a decision block 535. At block 535, an analysis if made to determine whether a threshold period of time has elapsed since the results have been delivered. If a threshold period has elapsed, the facility returns to block 510 and an updated search of both the static and the transient databases are performed. If an extended period has not elapsed, the facility instead returns to block 515 and only an updated search of the transient multimedia database is performed. The threshold period of time may be set based on how frequently the static multimedia database and index is updated.
Search results area 620 present the results of the search after the user has specified the search query and clicked on the search button 625. As depicted in
It will be appreciated that the user interface depicted in
While various embodiments are described in terms of the environment described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the facility may be implemented in a variety of environments including a single, monolithic computer system, a distributed system, as well as various other combinations of computer systems or similar devices connected in various ways. Moreover, the facility may utilize third-party services and data to implement all or portions of the aforementioned functionality. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the steps shown in
While the foregoing description makes reference to particular embodiments, the scope of the invention is defined solely by the claims that follow and the elements recited therein.
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Oklahoma football: Sooners in the unusual role of underdog against Baylor
In 2000, the Sooners were 10.5-point underdogs to Florida State in the Orange Bowl. OU won that game — and the national title — 13-2.
Texas was a 14-point favorite over the Sooners in 2005, a game Oklahoma lost 45-12.
That Sooners team, though, came in having dropped two of its first three games and with a shaky quarterback situation.
While the Sooners haven't received the stellar quarterback play this season that they have in many years since Josh Heupel's arrival in 1999, Blake Bell has been mostly solid at the position since taking over early in the season and the Sooners have just one loss — and a No. 10 BCS ranking — heading into Baylor.
"Everything we've been through, it shows a lot," senior safety Gabe Lynn said. "We've got guys with character and stuff like that, because we had huge losses, as far as like Corey (Nelson) and now Trey (Millard) and Jordan Phillips, and then the loss against Texas.
"But we're still fighting. Some weeks, the offense might not look as good as it's supposed to be. Some weeks, the defense might not look that good, but each time we come back and we just keep getting better and better."
Baylor has been favored over the Sooners twice in the Big 12 era. In 1998, the Bears were 4 1/2-point favorites at home before Oklahoma won 28-16. In 1996, also in Waco, Baylor was favored by a touchdown, but the Sooners won 28-24.

subset: commoncrawl


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George Osborne has all-but confirmed plans to make the BBC pick up the £650m bill for free licence fees for the over-75s in his Budget this week.
With chancellor George Osborne set to ask the BBC to pick up the bill for licence fees for the over-75s, Broadcast assesses how a £650m cut could impact the corporation's services.
Classic kids character Winnie The Witch is to fly onto TV screens after Channel 5 commissioned a 52-part series for its preschool strand Milkshake.
Jimmy Mulville and Jon Thoday want the government to preserve BBC3's TV spectrum for young audiences if the channel is given the full greenlight to move online.
All3Media co-owner Liberty Global has acquired Irish free-to-air broadcaster TV3 for €80m (£57m) from private equity company Doughty Hanson.
Channel 5 lost £12.9m in its final nine months of ownership under Richard Desmond's Northern & Shell, after suffering an advertising dispute with Omnicom and the poor performance of US soap Dallas.
BBC director of children's Alice Webb has warned that CBBC and CBeebies are at risk of going the way of BBC3 and moving online if the corporation takes a funding cut during charter renewal.
Warp Films development producer Jen Kenwood is to leave the indie to join Drama Republic as head of development.
TV viewing among young adults has fallen by 18% over the past five years, according to Ofcom.
Ofcom has suggested that E4 and More 4 programmes are judged as part of Channel 4's public service remit – with the digital channels handed greater prominence in the EPG.
Sunset + Vine has won a competitive pitch to produce at least 50 hours of sports programming for BBC Scotland over the next 12 months.
FremantleMedia has won picked up two ITV Daytime shows - a quick-fire Sean Fletcher-fronted gameshow and a quiz involving a circular ice table.
Click to read director general Tony Hall's letter to staff outlining his reasons for cutting 1,000 jobs - and the way in which the target will be achieved.
Tony Hall has announced that the BBC will axe more than 1,000 jobs in a bid to tackle a predicted £150m loss in licence fee revenue in 2016/17.
Tim Hincks has warned that foreign- owned indies such as Endemol Shine Group are being used as a "smokescreen" to overhaul the terms of trade, in a way that could result in the "Ukipification" of the British TV industry.
Spend on UK-originated drama has dropped by 44% over the past six years according to Ofcom's Public Service Broadcasting review.
The implementation of retransmission fees may trigger "more regulation, not less", with no guarantee the extra revenue generated would be ploughed into programming according to Ofcom.
Discovery's "smash-and-grab" purchase of pan-European rights to the Olympic Games is the biggest sign yet of its desire to become a key international player across free-to-air, pay and OTT.
Disney is ramping up its commissioning strategy, with plans to add two or three scripted series a year to its growing slate of UK originations.
Digital producers have highlighted the positives of BBC3's expected move online, but concerns remain about taking the youth service off television.
The BBC accounts for nearly 97% of UK kids originations across the PSB channels as spend by ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 has dropped to £3m.
Broadcasting unions have united to oppose compulsory redundancies at the BBC after more than 1000 jobs were put at risk under new cost-cutting measures.
The BBC has rejected a plea from MPs and David Cameron to stop using the term Islamic State to refer to the terrorist group.
BBC proposals to open up 60% of its network radio hours to indies could provide a £60m shot in the arm to the production sector.
BBC Worldwide could "disproportionately" benefit from the corporation's plans to increase BBC1 drama investment by £30m, according to Pact.
Ofcom has ruled that there is no case to reform the terms of trade, arguing that broadcasters continue to hold the balance of power despite increasing indie consolidation.
OTT video service Simplestream has struck deals with broadcasters including A+E Networks, Discovery, Nat Geo, Sony and UKTV to launch a subscription service.
Sky's new kids' boss will be expected to work in the space where content and product marketing collide to ensure its investment in the genre reaches viewers.
The BBC is attempting to help bridge the digital skills gap by sparking children's interest in career opportunities in the space.
BBC1 has commissioned a daytime series on the illegal sub-letting of council housing from Shine TV.
Sue Inglish, the BBC's head of political programmes, analysis and research, is stepping down after a decade with the broadcaster.
Creative industries funding body Creative England has hired former Fremantle Media executive Solomon Nwabueze as its first director of content.
Channel 5 has supersized the third series of Knickerbockerglory's fixed-rig format GPs: Behind Closed Doors.
Carl Frampton's debut US fight is to air on ITV later this month – the broadcaster's second live boxing event this year.
The BBC is poised to axe hundreds of jobs in a bid to become a leaner operation going into charter renewal.
Tim Hincks has labelled the TV industry "hideously middle class" and called for more detailed measurements of social backgrounds in diversity monitoring initiatives.
ITV Choice is to launch in Singapore as the latest Dispatches investigates the treatment of women living under ISIS rule.
Sony Pictures Television's international chief creative officer Wayne Garvie has turned down the chance to run BBC Studios – but the corporation is edging closer to making an appointment.
An at-a-glance guide to the BBC Trust's provisional decision to allow BBC3 to move online.
Rona Fairhead has claimed the BBC has "always been a leader in innovation" and compared the decision to move BBC3 online with the corporation's previous gambles on colour TV, the internet and iPlayer.
Shadow culture secretary Chris Bryant has condemned the move to make BBC3 an online-only channel, branding it "disappointing" and "premature".
The BBC Trust has provisionally greenlit plans to move BBC3 online following a six-month public value test (PVT).
The BBC Trust's provisional decision to reject plans for BBC1+1 is likely to be greeted with relief among commercial rivals which lobbied against the launch of the service.
CBBC must commission "edgier" content for children over the age of 10 if it is to appeal to older viewers, according to The Children's Media Foundation.
iPlayer is set to be transformed from its catch-up roots to a digital service that debuts shows ahead of linear TX and features an array of third-party content, after the BBC Trust approved executive plans.
A comprehensive timeline of BBC3's journey to becoming an online-only channel
Channel 4 has commissioned an undercover documentary on money laundering from Terror in the Mall filmmaker Dan Reed.
STV Productions has gained access to several Scottish prisons to witness inmates' first and final days in jail for Sky 1.
BBC1 has commissioned Sundog Pictures to produce a documentary about alcohol for its The Truth About… science strand.
Sky 1 has acquired Zoo, the US drama based on the James Patterson novel.
The BBC will lose control over the TV rights to the Olympic Games from 2022 after Discovery struck a €1.3bn (£920m) deal to broadcast the event across 50 European territories.
The BBC Trust is poised to reach a "provisional conclusion" on the future of BBC3 this week, but the decision on whether to move the youth channel online may be far from a simple Yes or No.
Sky is to launch a dedicated app for children and is hunting for a head of kids' content after beefing up its library of shows for youngsters.
Seven television executives from diverse backgrounds will gain commissioning experience with five major broadcasters after being selected for the Creative Diversity Network commissioner development scheme.
The Department for Culture Media and Sport has "no plans" to relocate Channel 4 out of London after reports emerged that a move to Birmingham was under consideration.
Vice News' double win at last week's Broadcast Digital Awards has added weight to the proposals to move BBC3 online, according to channel controller Damian Kavanagh.
ITV's Off Their Rockers spin-off show is to be probed by Ofcom after its trailer featured a person emerging from a tumble dryer.
London Live lost £11.6m in its first six months of trading according to its first set of financial results, although the local TV channel's viewing figures increased throughout 2015.
A green paper setting out the government's position on the BBC ahead of charter renewal negotiations is to sound a death knell for the BBC Trust, according to reports.
Click to view the pictures from this year's event.
Click to view the pictures from this year's event.
BBC viewers and listeners have been asked to go cold turkey on the corporation's services as part of a research project for charter renewal.
Lambent Productions has landed a development deal with Banijay International and revealed a slate of commissions including a US pilot with LA-based Bodega Pictures.
The BBC is preparing to triple the volume of eligible radio produced by independent companies to 27,000 hours following negotiations with radio indie group RIG.
Culture minister Ed Vaizey has vowed to reflect criticism over the level of BBC spend in the Midlands during charter renewal negotiations following concern from local MPs.
The House of Lords Communications Committee has opened an inquiry into the public purposes of the BBC.
MTV has kicked off a re-brand in which viewers' Instagram and Vine videos will feature on air.
The BBC's children's boss has warned that a cut to funding during charter renewal will damage its ability to deliver public service content to kids in the digital age.
Sam Bickley, BBC3's former head of features and documentaries, is to join Samantha Anstiss' creative label at BBC Productions.
ITV has challenged producers to create younger-skewing factual entertainment series as it aims to grab a larger share of the 16-44 market.
Television has been warned it must urgently address its environmental impact after new data revealed that the carbon footprint of an hour's programming is equivalent to eight flights to New York.
TLC is aiming to improve the gender parity of its audience with original UK commissions fronted by "relatable" British talent.
BBC music and arts commissioner Greg Sanderson is to join Ten Alps indie Brook Lapping as managing director in October.
ITV News is to switch to a single-presenter format with political editor Tom Bradby stepping up to anchor the News at Ten this autumn.
All 4 has ordered a raft of shorts including its latest ad-funded series in partnership with Foster's.
Twofour bagged two pieces of business from ITV ahead of being acquired by the commercial broadcaster this week.
Entertainment One (eOne) and Creative England will plough a combined £500,000 into regional drama development as they bid to unearth a hit on the scale of Broadchurch.
Channel 4 is launching an indie roadshow to help producers strike deals to commercialise their productions and generate new revenues.
More than a quarter of the animated projects launching at this year's Cartoon Forum are produced by UK and Irish indies, as the introduction of animation tax credits fuels a British cartoon boom.
UKTV has ordered a stand-up comedy clip show hosted by John Thomson in the guise of 'PC Northern club comic' character Bernard Righton.
Elbow's Guy Garvey is to front a BBC Music series for iPlayer.
Channel 4 was the big winner at this year's Broadcast Digital Awards, walking away with eight prizes including Channel of the Year for E4.
ITV has agreed a deal to acquire The Jump producer Twofour Group for an initial £55m for 75% of the business.
Ben Fogle will lead a band of eight amateur anglers across four continents to compete in a fishing challenge for BBC2.
Aurora Media, the sports media company headed up by former IMG and Endemol executive Lawrence Duffy, has won a bulk motor-racing order from ITV as it bids to shake up the sports production market.
Discovery is eyeing local commissions for true crime channel Investigation Discovery as it prepares a renewed UK push.
Discovery executive Dan Korn has been hired as STV Productions' creative director to focus on specialist factual and returnable programming.
Good timing, a strong wi-fi connection and a selfie stick are some of the secrets to getting the best out of Periscope, according to Twitter's UK head of news and government partnerships.
BBC2 will follow people with neurological conditions as they attempt to find work as part of a "groundbreaking" series from Optomen.
Director of BBC Birmingham and BBC Academy Joe Godwin has renewed his commitment to the Midlands, pledging to invest £125m in the region by the end of the financial year.
Now magazine's Sally Eyden has been appointed as editor of ITV's long-running daytime panel show Loose Women.
ITV is to air Big Talk Productions' 10-part series about the complex relationship between Harry Houdini and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle on ITV Encore.
Endemol Shine UK chairman Lucas Church is to leave the super-indie, more than twenty years after he joined Initial.
Channel 4 has confirmed that TFI Friday will return for a full eight-part series following the success of the anniversary show earlier this month.
Pineapple Dance Studios indie Pulse is ramping up its television business with the hire of former Fresh One Productions boss Roy Ackerman and Channel 4 factual commissioner Emma Cooper.
Lion TV director of factual Donna Clark is to exit the All3Media indie after six years to join the BBC as acting head of formats and features.
The Kudos drama has become Channel 4's most-watched drama since 1992.
ITV-owned producer Talpa Media has been commissioned to produce a reality format for Chinese digital service Tencent.
Classic gameshow Bullseye is the subject of a new Sky Vision Productions documentary for free-to-air channel Challenge.
The Walking Dead distributor Entertainment One (eOne) and funding body Creative England have agreed a partnership to develop and finance a drama slate from regional producers.
Channel 4 has ordered a second run of Paul Abbott's cop drama No Offence ahead of its first series finale tonight.
BBC Newsbeat has launched its first mobile app, featuring trending tweets, Instagram posts and YouTube clips, to serve younger audiences with relevant news.
The success of the broadcasters' fledgling diversity initiatives were examined by an RTS panel last night as concerns remain over the level of diversity among production crews.
BBC social media manager Rajiv Nathwani is leaving the broadcaster to join Netflix.
The BBC has made clear that it will push ahead with plans to commercialise its in-house production division during charter renewal, amid growing industry concern and speculation that the corporation wants to kick the proposals into the long grass.
Migrant community brand Lebara has launched a set-top box and multiplatform service offering access to a raft of foreign-language channels.
BBC current affairs has partnered with ABC News to launch a YouTube channel featuring videos about topical issues, including illegal immigrants and fast fashion.
ITV has moved a step closer to concluding its dispute with broadcasting unions after offering staff an improved pay deal and concessions for 2016.


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Nordstrom Rack To Open New Store in Buffalo
Seattle-based Nordstrom, Inc. announced plans to open a Nordstrom Rack at Boulevard Consumer Square in Buffalo, N.Y. The approximately 35,000-square-foot store is scheduled to open in fall 2015. The property is owned and managed by Benderson Development Company.
"It's important that we look for ways to serve our customers more conveniently and we're excited for the opportunity to open a Nordstrom Rack in the Buffalo community," said Geevy Thomas, president of Nordstrom Rack. "This new store will give our upstate New York customers better access to brands carried at Nordstrom, at great prices."
Boulevard Consumer Square is located in the suburb of Amherst approximately eight miles northeast of downtown Buffalo. The new Rack store will join a great mix of retail and lifestyle tenants such as Target, Lowe's, Best Buy, Bed Bath & Beyond, Barnes & Noble and Trader Joe's, among others.
"We are thrilled to welcome Nordstrom Rack to complement the impressive list of retailers and restaurants at Boulevard Consumer Square," said Randy Benderson, president of Benderson Development Company. "It is particularly exciting for us to be able to partner with Nordstrom Rack on its first store in Western New York. The Nordstrom name has an unparalleled reputation throughout the retail industry. The Rack store in Amherst will provide customers with unique fashion options and add another destination retailer to the community."
When it opens, the new Nordstrom Rack will be the seventh Rack store in New York. The sixth Rack opens at Manhasset Center on Long Island June 5. The company also operates two Nordstrom stores in White Plains at The Westchester and in Garden City at Roosevelt Field.
Nordstrom Rack is the off-price retail division of Nordstrom, Inc., offering customers a wide selection of on-trend apparel, accessories and shoes at an everyday savings of 30-70 percent off regular prices. The Rack carries merchandise from Nordstrom stores and Nordstrom.com, as well as specially purchased items from many of the top brands sold at Nordstrom. The Rack is designed to provide the ultimate treasure hunt to style-savvy customers.
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February 17, 2015
About Author
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- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


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One of the best parks in Texas!! The hike up top is so worth it!! The view is breathtaking!!
Nice 3 mile hike bring lots of water. Great spot to picnic is near the lake.
Come by during meteor showers and supermoons!
A beautiful "must experience" which should be on everyone's list!!
Don't go rock climbing in a thong
This place is as amazing as it is peaceful. Keep an eye out for some amazing wildlife!
Limited camping spots. Reserve for car and/or primitive.
Beautiful place for a Central Texas day trip.
Go during the week. The earlier the better. Were the only ones on the rock right now.
Make sure to take at least 2 water bottles per person with you. You don't realize how hot it gets!
Beautiful an perfect for camping!
Tip: even if you're not experienced, consider taking the Summit Trail rather than the Loop Trail. It's much shorter to the top and not too difficult
♫ If you haven't climbed up to Enchanted Rock ♫
There is no walk ins allowed into the park so don't waste the time. Line into park is crazy. We have been in line two hours and just now at the entrance.
Enchanted Rock is truly one of the great places to hike in Texas. It's known for breath-taking views, quiet hikes and challenging climbs.
$6.00 a person 13+.
Bring cash for a snow cone when you're done!


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EliteTile Sierra 7/8" x 7/8" Glass Polished Mosaic in Breeze
EliteTile Sierra 7/8" x 7/8" Glass Polished Mosaic in Breeze
Weights & Dimensions
Sold in Sheets
Additional Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Backsplash tile; Wall Tile
|Theme: Mosaic tile
|Finish: Breeze
|Surface Treatment: Polished
|Transparency: Semi-opaque
|Shape: Square
|Mosaic Pattern: Grid
|Material: Glass
|Number of Items Included: 10
|Pieces Included: 10 sheets
|Weather Resistant: Yes
|Water Resistant: Yes
|UV Resistant: Yes
|Fire Resistant: Yes
|Stain Resistant: Yes
|Rust Resistant: Yes
|Mildew Resistant: Yes
|Fade Resistant: Yes
|Chip Resistant: Yes
|Non-Toxic: Yes
|Submersible: Yes
|Mesh Mounted: Yes
|Shade Variation: V1-Uniform appearance
|Installation Type: Grout; Thin set
|Installation Location: Basement; Ground level; Upstairs
|Tile Carton: Yes
|Outdoor Use: Yes
|Weight Capacity: 200 Pounds
|Eco-Friendly: Yes
|Product Care: Use a non-abrasive, neutral cleaner
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Assembly Required: No
|Installation Required: Yes
|Porcelain Enamel Integrity (PEI) Rated: Yes
|Water Absorption: 0.5%
About the ManufacturerEliteTile is not just devoted suppliers of tile; they're also devoted to everything else that goes with a full and rewarding tile home improvement experience. EliteTile's goal is for every customer to be happy with the tiles they receive. They strive to ensure that customers are able to easily obtain their products and that they are very satisfied with final outcomes. EliteTile wants people to love their new home improvement project, whether it is a bathroom floor, a backsplash, or tile for a patio.
EliteTile Sierra 7/8" x 7/8" Glass Polished Mosaic in Breeze
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Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review


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Miriam Drennan@miriamdrennan not recently active
Miriam Drennan wrote a new post, Say, "Thank You!" 4 months, 3 weeks ago
How often do we say, "I love You" to the Lord? We know we love Him. We know He loves us. But how often do we say it with full and grateful hearts? As we're absorbing His creation . . . do we take a moment to snap […]
Miriam Drennan wrote a new post, Our Good God 1 year, 1 month ago


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Hutchings: Carlos Will Never Lose Attacking Instincts
Wednesday, 22nd Feb 2012 08:58
Assistant manager Chris Hutchings says Town's current stand-in skipper Carlos Edwards is never going to lose his attacking instincts despite establishing himself as Town's first-choice right-back this season. Hutchings says a wing-back role would probably suit the veteran former Sunderland, Luton and Wrexham man, who has played much of his career in midfield.
Paul Jewell's deputy, a full-back with Chelsea, Huddersfield, Walsall, Rotherham and weekend opponents Brighton during his playing days, says people ask a lot of players in that role these days: "We want everything [from full-backs], don't we? Any defender, you want them to defend first, anything after that is a bonus.
"Carlos has been converted into a bit more of a right-back and he's never going to lose his attacking instincts because that's how he was brought up.
"Probably a wing-back would be his most preferred role, but he's settled into playing right-back and he's cemented that place."
He says the Trinidadian is still working on some aspects of playing the position: "At times defensively he could be better, he knows that, we're constantly on to him and working at it in the drills that we're doing.
"But sometimes when you're a forward-thinking player, you just switch off or you drift into places where as an attacking player you normally drift into and you give yourself a little bit of a hard task in recovering. But because he's got pace, pace covers a multitude of sins."
Now 33 Edwards is showing few signs of age with Hutchings impressed with his athleticism: "He glides, doesn't he? He doesn't seem to fight in his running. He's very easy on the eye and covers the ground. He works very hard in training and he's a good athlete."
The summer of 2009 signing from Sunderland is hoping to win the offer of a new contract with his current terms up at the end of the season.
After Saturday's victory over Cardiff, in which Edwards captained the side and created Michael Chopra's goal, manager Paul Jewell joked: "He'll be telling me he's got a 100% record [as captain] and he's won the toss twice, so he thinks he's going to get a new deal because of that!"
When Jewell and Hutchings took over at Town just over a year ago former Blues skipper Jason De Vos told TWTD how much time the pair spent working on defensive drills during his time playing for them at Wigan.
Hutchings admits that it's been disappointing that defending has been Town's Achilles' heel since they've been at Portman Road, at least until the recent back-to-back clean sheets: "We pride ourselves on being really very tight. We haven't really had a settled team or back four, the permutations have changed constantly, which doesn't help. That has been very frustrating.
"But you've got to believe in what you're doing and you've got to keep doing it. The players have got to buy into it and they've got to keep doing it.
"If we can cut our mistakes out at the back, we can score more than the opposition and we're going to win games."
Get two free £10 bets on Brentford v Ipswich Town (or other matches) by opening a new account at William Hill. Place an initial bet of a minimum of £10 and William Hill will give you two £10 bets. You must enter the promotional code "F20" when signing up as a new customer.
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Red Carpet
Last Night's Look: Love It or Leave It?Scarlett Johansson plays up her curves, Emma Watson brings sexy back, Jennifer Connelly flashes some leg and more stars show off their red carpet style. Check them out, then vote – fashion-forward or fashion fail?
Credit: Axelle Woussen/Bauer-Griffin
Updated: Saturday Mar 15, 2014 | 06:00 AM EDT
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