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Interaction of an aluminum atom with a closed subshell metal atom: Spectroscopic analysis of AlZn
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Interaction of an aluminum atom with a closed subshell metal atom: Spectroscopic analysis of Al-block main group element, aluminum, and the 3d series of transi- tion metal atoms. Although the bonding in Al
Morse, Michael D.
Boron-carbide-aluminum and boron-carbide-reactive metal cermets. [B/sub 4/C-Al
DOE Patents [OSTI]
Hard, tough, lighweight boron-carbide-reactive metal composites, particularly boron-carbide-aluminum composites, are produced. These composites have compositions with a plurality of phases. A method is provided, including the steps of wetting and reacting the starting materials, by which the microstructures in the resulting composites can be controllably selected. Starting compositions, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and reaction atmospheres are parameters for controlling the process and resulting compositions. The ceramic phases are homogeneously distributed in the metal phases and adhesive forces at ceramic-metal interfaces are maximized. An initial consolidated step is used to achieve fully dense composites. Microstructures of boron-carbide-aluminum cermets have been produced with modules of rupture exceeding 110 ksi and fracture toughness exceeding 12 ksi..sqrt..in. These composites and methods can be used to form a variety of structural elements.
Halverson, D.C.; Pyzik, A.J.; Aksay, I.A.
A new discontinuously reinforced aluminum MMC: Al+AlB{sub 2} flakes
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Development of a novel metal matrix composite based on the Al-B alloy system has been undertaken. Preparation of this discontinuously reinforced material is based on the precipitation of high aspect ratio AlB{sub 2} from an Al-B alloy. This paper describes a number of efforts forced on preparing high volume fractions (> 30 v%) of AlB{sub 2} in aluminum. New insights into the behavior of the Al-B alloys system allowed this effort to be successful.
Investigation on Aluminum-Based Amorphous Metallic Glass as New Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries
Aluminum based amorphous metallic glass powders were produced and tested as the anode materials for the lithium ion rechargeable batteries. Ground Al??Ni₁?La₁? was found to have a ...
Meng, Shirley Y.
PII S0016-7037(98)00136-7 The kinetics of mixed Ni-Al hydroxide formation on clay and aluminum oxide minerals
PII S0016-7037(98)00136-7 The kinetics of mixed Ni-Al hydroxide formation on clay and aluminum. This finding indicates that the dissolution of clay and aluminum oxide minerals can be promoted by metal ions
Sparks, Donald L.
Influence of Aluminum Content on Grain Refinement and Strength of AZ31 Magnesium GTA Weld Metal
The goal is to characterize the effect of Al content on AZ31 weld metal, the grain size and strength, and examine role of Al on grain refinement. The approach is to systematically vary the aluminum content of AZ31 weld metal, Measure average grain size in weld metal, and Measure cross-weld tensile properties and hardness. Conclusions are that: (1) increased Al content in AZ31 weld metal results in grain refinement Reason: higher undercooling during solidification; (2) weld metal grain refinement resulted in increased strength & hardness Reason: grain boundary strengthening; and (3) weld metal strength can be raised to wrought base metal levels.
Babu, N. Kishore [Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology; Cross, Carl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Joining of parts via magnetic heating of metal aluminum powders
A method of joining at least two parts includes steps of dispersing a joining material comprising a multi-phase magnetic metal-aluminum powder at an interface between the at least two parts to be joined and applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The AMF has a magnetic field strength and frequency suitable for inducing magnetic hysteresis losses in the metal-aluminum powder and is applied for a period that raises temperature of the metal-aluminum powder to an exothermic transformation temperature. At the exothermic transformation temperature, the metal-aluminum powder melts and resolidifies as a metal aluminide solid having a non-magnetic configuration.
Baker, Ian
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum metal matrix Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites, Nanophase aluminum alloys, Bulk metallic glasses... of Missouri 1993 Young Metallurgist Award from the Indian...
ccsd00001116 Nucleation of Al 3 Zr and Al 3 Sc in aluminum alloys
ccsd00001116 (version 1) : 4 Feb 2004 Nucleation of Al 3 Zr and Al 3 Sc in aluminum alloys: from 4, 2004) Zr and Sc precipitate in aluminum alloys to form the compounds Al3Zr and Al3Sc which
Aluminum sulfate (alum; Al2 O) is used as a
477 Aluminum sulfate (alum; Al2 (SO4 )3 ·14H2 O) is used as a chemical treatment of poultry litter litters showed that the P is present in inorganic (P sorbed on Al oxides, calcium phosphates) and organic increases. Overall, alum-amended litters exhibited higher proportions of Al-bound P species and phytic acid
Aluminum (Al) Etch Instructions The CEPSR cleanroom stores Aluminum Etchant Type A, a pre-made product used for
Aluminum (Al) Etch Instructions The CEPSR cleanroom stores Aluminum Etchant Type A, a pre-made product used for removing or etching away aluminum. This etchant is stored inside the acid or corrosive a specific thickness of aluminum that is desired. Note: Once the bottle is empty or you find that it's etch
Kim, Philip
Aluminum low temperature smelting cell metal collection
A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte. The method comprises the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte in an electrolytic cell having an anodic liner for containing the electrolyte, the liner having an anodic bottom and walls including at least one end wall extending upwardly from the anodic bottom, the anodic liner being substantially inert with respect to the molten electrolyte. A plurality of non-consumable anodes is provided and disposed vertically in the electrolyte. A plurality of cathodes is disposed vertically in the electrolyte in alternating relationship with the anodes. The anodes are electrically connected to the anodic liner. An electric current is passed through the anodic liner to the anodes, through the electrolyte to the cathodes, and aluminum is deposited on said cathodes. Oxygen bubbles are generated at the anodes and the anodic liner, the bubbles stirring the electrolyte. Molten aluminum is collected from the cathodes into a tubular member positioned underneath the cathodes. The tubular member is in liquid communication with each cathode to collect the molten aluminum therefrom while excluding electrolyte. Molten aluminum is delivered through the tubular member to a molten aluminum reservoir located substantially opposite the anodes and cathodes. The molten aluminum is collected from the cathodes and delivered to the reservoir while avoiding contact of the molten aluminum with the anodic bottom.
Beck, Theodore R. (Seattle, WA); Brown, Craig W. (Seattle, WA)
Rapid substitution of gold for aluminum metallization on integrated circuits
A rapid procedure for substitution of gold for aluminum metallization on integrated solid-state circuits, such as solid-state chemical multisensor chips, has been developed. The final product consists of original aluminum overlaid with nickel and gold, both deposited by an electroless process. The final metallization is chemically inert and the resistance of the contacts remains ohmic and unchanged from the original value. The substitution can be performed either at the wafer or at the chip level. After the plasma etching, the metallization process takes only 25 min.
Krasopoulos, A.V. [Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Li, J.; Josowicz, M.; Janata, J. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
3d transition metal impurities in aluminum: A first-principles study M. Mantina, S. L. Shang, Y. Wang, L. Q. Chen, and Z. K. Liu
3d transition metal impurities in aluminum: A first-principles study M. Mantina, S. L. Shang, Y September 2009; published 18 November 2009 In this work, appropriate description of interactions of 3d transition metals in aluminum Al-3d is attained from first-principles using LDA+U potential within density
Chen, Long-Qing
Controlled polarity of sputter-deposited aluminum nitride on metals observed by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy
The polarity determination process of sputter-deposited aluminum nitride (AlN) on metals has been analyzed using aberration corrected atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope. Direct growth of c-axis orientated AlN on face centered cubic metals (fcc) (111) with the local epitaxy has been observed, and the polarity was determined at the AlN/metal interface. We found that the AlN polarity can be controlled by the base metal layer: N-polarity AlN grows on Pt(111) while Al-polarity AlN forms on Al(111). Based on these results, the growth mechanism of AlN on metals is discussed.
Harumoto, T. [Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-6 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 (Japan); Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 (Japan); Sannomiya, T.; Matsukawa, Y.; Muraishi, S.; Shi, J.; Nakamura, Y. [Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-6 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 (Japan); Sawada, H. [Japan Electron Optics Laboratory (JEOL) Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan); Tanaka, T.; Tanishiro, Y.; Takayanagi, K. [Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H-51 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan)
HIGH TEMPERATURE SULFIDATION BEHAVIOR OF LOW Al IRON-ALUMINUM COMPOSITIONS
HIGH TEMPERATURE SULFIDATION BEHAVIOR OF LOW Al IRON-ALUMINUM COMPOSITIONS S.W. Banovic, J.N. Du (Received January 5, 1998) (Accepted March 23, 1998) Introduction Iron-aluminum weld overlay coatings, the application of iron-aluminum alloys is currently limited due to hydrogen cracking susceptibility subsequent
DuPont, John N.
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum gas metal Sample Search Results
about 10 ppm aluminum. The basis for inclusion of aluminum and other trace metals (e.g.. copper. manga... energy-intensive products such as am- monia or ... Source: NOAA Marine...
Solidification of Aluminum Alloys Edited by TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2004
Solidification of Aluminum Alloys Edited by TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2004 Modeling the Effects of Mold Topography on Aluminum Cast Surfaces Lijian Tan1 , Nicholas Zabaras1 1 14853, USA Keywords: Aluminum Solidification; Mold topography; Cast Surfaces Abstract The air
Zabaras, Nicholas J.
THE PROTOTYPE ALUMINUM - CARBON SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE BONDS: Al - CH3, Al = CH2, AND Al. = CH
three prototype Table II. aluminum-carbon bonds and theirPhysics THE PROTOTYPE ALUMINUM - CARBON SINGLE, DOUBLE, ANDLBL-l0871 The Prototype Aluminum - Carbon Single, Double.
Fox, Douglas J.
Aluminum Nitride Micro-Channels Grown via Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy for MEMs Applications
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for a number of applications due to its temperature and chemical stability. Furthermore, AlN maintains its piezoelectric properties at higher temperatures than more commonly used materials, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) [1, 2], making AlN attractive for high temperature micro and nanoelectromechanical (MEMs and NEMs) applications including, but not limited to, high temperature sensors and actuators, micro-channels for fuel cell applications, and micromechanical resonators. This work presents a novel AlN micro-channel fabrication technique using Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). AlN easily nucleates on dielectric surfaces due to the large sticking coefficient and short diffusion length of the aluminum species resulting in a high quality polycrystalline growth on typical mask materials, such as silicon dioxide and silicon nitride [3,4]. The fabrication process introduced involves partially masking a substrate with a silicon dioxide striped pattern and then growing AlN via MOVPE simultaneously on the dielectric mask and exposed substrate. A buffered oxide etch is then used to remove the underlying silicon dioxide and leave a free standing AlN micro-channel. The width of the channel has been varied from 5 �m to 110 �m and the height of the air gap from 130 nm to 800 nm indicating the stability of the structure. Furthermore, this versatile process has been performed on (111) silicon, c-plane sapphire, and gallium nitride epilayers on sapphire substrates. Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Raman measurements have been taken on channels grown on each substrate and indicate that the substrate is influencing the growth of the AlN micro-channels on the SiO2 sacrificial layer.
Rodak, L.E.; Kuchibhatla, S.; Famouri, P.; Ting, L.; Korakakis, D.
Aluminum/alkaline earth metal composites and method for producing
A composite is provided having an electrically conducting Al matrix and elongated filaments comprising Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba disposed in the matrix and extending along a longitudinal axis of the composite. The filaments initially comprise Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba metal or allow and then may be reacted with the Al matrix to form a strengthening intermetallic compound comprising Al and Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba. The composite is useful as a long-distance, high voltage power transmission conductor.
Russell, Alan M; Anderson, Iver E; Kim, Hyong J; Freichs, Andrew E
First principles predictions of intrinsic defects in aluminum arsenide, AlAs : numerical supplement.
This Report presents numerical tables summarizing properties of intrinsic defects in aluminum arsenide, AlAs, as computed by density functional theory. This Report serves as a numerical supplement to the results published in: P.A. Schultz, 'First principles predictions of intrinsic defects in Aluminum Arsenide, AlAs', Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 1370 (2011; SAND2011-2436C), and intended for use as reference tables for a defect physics package in device models.
Schultz, Peter Andrew
Patterned aluminum nanowires produced by electron beam at the surfaces of AlF3 single crystals
Patterned aluminum nanowires produced by electron beam at the surfaces of AlF3 single crystals C is demonstrated for fabricating patterned aluminum nanowires in AlF3 substrate in a scanning electron microscope nanowires of different sizes. The aluminum nanowires may act as nano- interconnects for nanoelectronics
Wang, Zhong L.
Development of an electronic device quality aluminum antimonide (AlSb) semiconductor for solar cell applications
Electronic device quality Aluminum Antimonide (AlSb)-based single crystals produced by controlled atmospheric annealing are utilized in various configurations for solar cell applications. Like that of a GaAs-based solar cell devices, the AlSb-based solar cell devices as disclosed herein provides direct conversion of solar energy to electrical power.
Sherohman, John W; Yee, Jick Hong; Combs, III, Arthur W
Review Article Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems
Review Article Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological years, mining, smelting, and refining of aluminum (Al) in various forms have increasingly exposed living of the Al toxicants to which we are being exposed. 1. Introduction Aluminum (Al) is the most common metal
Seneff, Stephanie
The Effect of Aluminum Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Al Alloys in Reducing Environments at 700 C
The Effect of Aluminum Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Al Alloys in Reducing Environments with the observance and/or duration of each stage directly related to the aluminum content of the alloy. The first by relatively high corrosion rates. Further decreasing the aluminum content to 5 wt pct and below lead
Doping-induced metal-insulator transition in aluminum-doped 4H silicon P. Achatz,1,2,a
Doping-induced metal-insulator transition in aluminum-doped 4H silicon carbide P. Achatz,1,2,a J an experimental determination of the doping-induced metal-insulator transition in aluminum-doped 4H silicon concentration lying between 6.4 and 8.7 1020 cm-3 for the metal-insulator transition in these epilayers grown
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Effect of contact metals on the piezoelectric properties of aluminum nitride thin films
The converse piezoelectric response of aluminum nitride evaluated using standard metal insulator semiconductor structures has been found to exhibit a linear dependence on the work function of the metal used as the top electrode. The apparent d33 of the 150�1100 nm films also depends on the dc bias applied to the samples.
Harman, J.P.; Kabulski, A. (West Virginia U., Morgantown, WV); Pagan, V.R. (West Virginia U., Morgantown, WV); Famouri, K. (West Virginia U., Morgantown, WV); Kasarla, K.R.; Rodak, L.E. (West Virginia U., Morgantown, WV); Hensel, J.P.; Korakakis, D.
Quaternary Germanides Formed in Molten Aluminum: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 and Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1.34)
Quaternary Germanides Formed in Molten Aluminum: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 and Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1 gebildete quaternäre Germanide: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 und Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1.34) Inhaltsübersicht. Die ebenfalls die Introduction The use of metal fluxes in exploratory synthesis presents significant synthetic
Trikalitis, Pantelis N.
Process for the fabrication of aluminum metallized pyrolytic graphite sputtering targets
An improved method for fabricating pyrolytic graphite sputtering targets with superior heat transfer ability, longer life, and maximum energy transmission. Anisotropic pyrolytic graphite is contoured and/or segmented to match the erosion profile of the sputter target and then oriented such that the graphite's high thermal conductivity planes are in maximum contact with a thermally conductive metal backing. The graphite contact surface is metallized, using high rate physical vapor deposition (HRPVD), with an aluminum coating and the thermally conductive metal backing is joined to the metallized graphite target by one of four low-temperature bonding methods; liquid-metal casting, powder metallurgy compaction, eutectic brazing, and laser welding.
Makowiecki, Daniel M. (Livermore, CA); Ramsey, Philip B. (Livermore, CA); Juntz, Robert S. (Hayward, CA)
Aluminum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkenes
Aluminum-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination ofgroup 13 metals such as aluminum are exceedingly inexpensive
Koller, Juergen
Characteristic losses in metals: Al, Be, and Ni
Information about the {ital occupied} portion of the surface density of states of materials can be derived from electron-excited Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), which is a standard experimental technique in most surface science laboratories. Surface sensitive experimental techniques that provide information regarding the {ital unoccupied} portion of the surface density of states are often not standard and are not so readily available. Here we explore the possibility of utilizing the same experimental equipment as in AES to derive information about the unoccupied portion of the surface density of states from a characteristic loss spectroscopy, in particular, from core-level inelastic electron-scattering spectroscopy (CLIESS). An important application of this technique is in comparative studies. CLIESS spectra from clean surfaces of aluminum, beryllium and nickel are presented. These data were taken in the first-derivative mode using the reflection of monoenergetic primary beams of 450 eV energy for Be, and 300 eV for Al and Ni. The Al and Be spectra had to be extracted from overlapping plasmon signals using synthesized plasmon spectra based on the behavior of these spectra between the elastic peak energy and the respective core level threshold energies. After applying loss-deconvolution techniques to remove secondary loss spectral distortions, integral spectra were obtained which compared well to corresponding experimental soft x-ray absorption and transmission electron-energy loss data as well as to theoretical calculations of the unoccupied density-of-states for these materials. Comparison similarities as well as some differences are discussed. Finally, in order to illustrate the potential these signals have in serving as {open_quotes}fingerprints{close_quotes} of surface chemistry, derivative metal-CLIESS curves for the three oxide surfaces of the metals are also presented. {copyright} {ital 1998 American Vacuum Society.}
Madden, H.H.; Landers, R.; Kleiman, G.G. [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6165, 13081-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil] [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6165, 13081-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil; Zehner, D.M. [Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6057 (United States)] [Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6057 (United States)
Al-Ca and Al-Fe metal-metal composite strength, conductivity, and microstructure relationships
Deformation processed metal-metal composites (DMMC�s) are composites formed by mechanical working (i.e., rolling, swaging, or wire drawing) of two-phase, ductile metal mixtures. Since both the matrix and reinforcing phase are ductile metals, the composites can be heavily deformed to reduce the thickness and spacing of the two phases. Recent studies have shown that heavily drawn DMMCs can achieve anomalously high strength and outstanding combinations of strength and conductivity. In this study, Al-Fe wire composite with 0.07, 0.1, and 0.2 volume fractions of Fe filaments and Al-Ca wire composite with 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 volume fractions of Ca filaments were produced in situ, and their mechanical properties were measured as a function of deformation true strain. The Al-Fe composites displayed limited deformation of the Fe phase even at high true strains, resulting in little strengthening effect in those composites. Al-9vol%Ca wire was deformed to a deformation true strain of 13.76. The resulting Ca second-phase filaments were deformed to thicknesses on the order of one micrometer. The ultimate tensile strength increased exponentially with increasing deformation true strain, reaching a value of 197 MPa at a true strain of 13.76. This value is 2.5 times higher than the value predicted by the rule of mixtures. A quantitative relationship between UTS and deformation true strain was determined. X-ray diffraction data on transformation of Al + Ca microstructures to Al + various Al-Ca intermetallic compounds were obtained at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Electrical conductivity was measured over a range of true strains and post-deformation heat treatment schedules.
Kim, Hyong June
Aluminum/alkaline earth metal composites and method for producing...
provided having an electrically conducting Al matrix and elongated filaments comprising Ca andor Sr andor Ba disposed in the matrix and extending along a longitudinal axis of...
Boron-carbide-aluminum and boron-carbide-reactive metal cermets
Hard, tough, lightweight boron-carbide-reactive metal composites, particularly boron-carbide-aluminum composites, are produced. These composites have compositions with a plurality of phases. A method is provided, including the steps of wetting and reacting the starting materials, by which the microstructures in the resulting composites can be controllably selected. Starting compositions, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and reaction atmospheres are parameters for controlling the process and resulting compositions. The ceramic phases are homogeneously distributed in the metal phases and adhesive forces at ceramic-metal interfaces are maximized. An initial consolidation step is used to achieve fully dense composites. Microstructures of boron-carbide-aluminum cermets have been produced with modulus of rupture exceeding 110 ksi and fracture toughness exceeding 12 ksi.sqroot.in. These composites and methods can be used to form a variety of structural elements.
Halverson, Danny C. (Manteca, CA); Pyzik, Aleksander J. (Seattle, WA); Aksay, Ilhan A. (Seattle, WA)
An improved method is disclosed for fabricating pyrolytic graphite sputtering targets with superior heat transfer ability, longer life, and maximum energy transmission. Anisotropic pyrolytic graphite is contoured and/or segmented to match the erosion profile of the sputter target and then oriented such that the graphite`s high thermal conductivity planes are in maximum contact with a thermally conductive metal backing. The graphite contact surface is metallized, using high rate physical vapor deposition (HRPVD), with an aluminum coating and the thermally conductive metal backing is joined to the metallized graphite target by one of four low-temperature bonding methods; liquid-metal casting, powder metallurgy compaction, eutectic brazing, and laser welding. 11 figs.
Makowiecki, D.M.; Ramsey, P.B.; Juntz, R.S.
Adhesion, stability, and bonding at metal/metal-carbide interfaces: Al/WC Donald J. Siegel
of adhesion between metals and transition metal carbides/nitrides based on Density Functional Theory(DFT)[14Adhesion, stability, and bonding at metal/metal-carbide interfaces: Al/WC Donald J. Siegel the nature of metal/carbide bonding. Based on the surface and interfacial free energies, we find that both
Adams, James B
First-principles investigations of Ni3Al(111) and NiAl(110) surfaces at metal dusting conditions
We investigate the structure and surface composition of the {gamma}{prime}-Ni{sub 3}Al(111) and {beta}-NiAl(110) alloy surfaces at conditions relevant for metal dusting corrosion related to catalytic steam reforming of natural gas. In regular service as protective coatings, nickel-aluminum alloys are protected by an oxide scale, but in case of oxide scale spallation, the alloy surface may be directly exposed to the reactive gas environment and vulnerable to metal dusting. By means of density functional theory and thermochemical calculations for both the Ni{sub 3}Al and NiAl surfaces, the conditions under which CO and OH adsorption is to be expected and under which it is inhibited, are mapped out. Because CO and OH are regarded as precursors for nucleating graphite or oxide on the surfaces, phase diagrams for the surfaces provide a simple description of their stability. Specifically, this study shows how the CO and OH coverages depend on the steam to carbon ratio (S/C) in the gas and thereby provide a ranking of the carbon limits on the different surface phases.
Saadi, Souheil
Synthesis of nanocrystalline aluminum matrix composites reinforced with in situ devitrified Al-Ni-La amorphous particles
of nanocrystalline aluminum matrix composites reinforcedAbstract Nanocrystalline aluminum matrix composites wereamount of nanoscale aluminum oxide, nitride and carbide
Zhang, Zhihui H; Han, B Q; Witkin, D; Ajdelsztajn, L; Laverna, E J
Influence of Alloy and Solidification Parameters on Grain Refinement in Aluminum Weld Metal due to Inoculation
The goals are: (1) Establish how much Ti/B grain refiner is need to completely refine aluminum weld metal for different alloys and different welding conditions; (2) Characterize how alloy composition and solidification parameters affect weld metal grain refinement; and (3) Apply relevant theory to understand observed behavior. Conclusions are: (1) additions of Ti/B grain refiner to weld metal in Alloys 1050, 5083, and 6082 resulted in significant grain refinement; (2) grain refinement was more effective in GTAW than LBW, resulting in finer grains at lower Ti content - reason is limited time available for equiaxed grain growth in LBW (inability to occlude columnar grain growth); (3) welding travel speed did not markedly affect grain size within GTAW and LBW clusters; and (4) application of Hunt CET analysis showed experimental G to be on the order of the critical G{sub CET}; G{sub CET} was consistently higher for GTAW than for LBW.
Schempp, Philipp [BAM, Germany; Tang, Z. [BIAS, Germany; Cross, Carl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Seefeld, T. [BIAS, Germany; Pittner, A. [BAM, Germany; Rethmeier, M. [BAM, Germany
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum nickelide ni3al Sample Search...
been considered a viable material for templated growth... no investigation into how pore growth is affected by confining the pre-anodized aluminum dimensions... to the nanometer...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum clad al-li Sample Search Results
64 ELEC4705 Fall 2009 Optical Systems Summary: Bandwidth 100THz 1014 Hz Electromagnetic interference No EMI Copper or Aluminum (expensive, large... difference andor small core...
First-Principles Study of MetalCarbide/Nitride Adhesion: Al/VC vs. Al/VN Donald J. Siegel
-oxide ce- ramics. Within this class, the transition metal carbides and ni- trides are a particularly knowledge, there have been only three studies of adhesion between metals and transition metal carbidesFirst-Principles Study of MetalCarbide/Nitride Adhesion: Al/VC vs. Al/VN Donald J. Siegel
Metal binding in an aluminum based metal-organic framework for carbon
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest Regionat Cornell Batteries & Fuel Cells In ThisMetal Mechanisms
Carbothermic Aluminum Production Using Scrap Aluminum As A Coolant
A process for producing aluminum metal by carbothermic reduction of alumina ore. Alumina ore is heated in the presence of carbon at an elevated temperature to produce an aluminum metal body contaminated with about 10-30% by wt. aluminum carbide. Aluminum metal or aluminum alloy scrap then is added to bring the temperature to about 900-1000.degree. C. and precipitate out aluminum carbide. The precipitated aluminum carbide is filtered, decanted, or fluxed with salt to form a molten body having reduced aluminum carbide content.
LaCamera, Alfred F. (Trafford, PA)
Possible Reasons Why Aluminum is a Beneficial Element for Melastoma malabathricum, an Aluminum Accumulator
of adaptation to high aluminum condition in native plantit has been well known that aluminum (Al) toxicity restricts
Watanabe, Toshihiro; Osaki, Mitsuru
Energy-Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (E-SMARRT): Development of Elevated Temperature Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) Alloy and Its Processing Technology
The objective of this project was to provide a production capable cast aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) alloy with an operating temperature capability of 250-300�C. Important industrial sectors as well as the military now seek lightweight aluminum alloy castings that can operate in temperature ranges of 250-300�C. Current needs in this temperature range are being satisfied by the use of titanium alloy castings. These have the desired strength properties but the end components are heavier and significantly more costly. Also, the energy requirements for production of titanium alloy castings are significantly higher than those required for production of aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy castings.
Weiss, David C. [Eck Industreis, Inc.] [Eck Industreis, Inc.; Gegal, Gerald A.
Aluminum monocarbonyl and aluminum isocarbonyl Steve S. Wesolowski,a)
Aluminum monocarbonyl and aluminum isocarbonyl Steve S. Wesolowski,a) T. Daniel Crawford,b) Justin of the aluminum monocarbonyl species AlCO and AlOC have been performed to predict the geometries, fragmentation, Ogden, and Oswald6 first isolated aluminum dicarbonyls in solid krypton and identified the species
Crawford, T. Daniel
aluminum alloy produced: Topics by E-print Network
for silicon metal comes primarily from the aluminum and chemical industries. Domestic secondary aluminum production--the primary materials source for aluminum-silicon alloys--was...
Aluminum Carbothermic Technology
This report documents the non-proprietary research and development conducted on the Aluminum Carbothermic Technology (ACT) project from contract inception on July 01, 2000 to termination on December 31, 2004. The objectives of the program were to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of a new carbothermic process for producing commercial grade aluminum, designated as the ''Advanced Reactor Process'' (ARP). The scope of the program ranged from fundamental research through small scale laboratory experiments (65 kW power input) to larger scale test modules at up to 1600 kW power input. The tasks included work on four components of the process, Stages 1 and 2 of the reactor, vapor recovery and metal alloy decarbonization; development of computer models; and economic analyses of capital and operating costs. Justification for developing a new, carbothermic route to aluminum production is defined by the potential benefits in reduced energy, lower costs and more favorable environmental characteristics than the conventional Hall-Heroult process presently used by the industry. The estimated metrics for these advantages include energy rates at approximately 10 kWh/kg Al (versus over 13 kWh/kg Al for Hall-Heroult), capital costs as low as $1250 per MTY (versus 4,000 per MTY for Hall-Heroult), operating cost reductions of over 10%, and up to 37% reduction in CO2 emissions for fossil-fuel power plants. Realization of these benefits would be critical to sustaining the US aluminum industries position as a global leader in primary aluminum production. One very attractive incentive for ARP is its perceived ability to cost effectively produce metal over a range of smelter sizes, not feasible for Hall-Heroult plants which must be large, 240,000 TPY or more, to be economical. Lower capacity stand alone carbothermic smelters could be utilized to supply molten metal at fabrication facilities similar to the mini-mill concept employed by the steel industry. Major accomplishments for the program include definition of the system thermo-chemistry, demonstration of reactor stage 1, development of reactor stage 2 critical components in a 500 kW module, experimental determination of the vapor recovery reactor fundamentals, detailed design and installation of an advanced stage 1/vapor recovery reactor, feasibility of efficient separation of Al-C metal alloy product, updated capital and operating cost estimates, and development of computer models for all steps of the Advanced Reactor Process.
Bruno, Marshall J.
Development of a novel scintillation-trigger detector for the MTV experiment using aluminum-metallized film tapes
A new type of a trigger-scintillation counter array designed for the MTV experiment at TRIUMF-ISAC has been developed, which uses aluminum-metallized film tape for wrapping to achieve the required assembling precision of $\\pm$0.5 mm. The MTV experiment uses a cylindrical drift chamber (CDC) as the main electron-tracking detector. The barrel-type trigger counter is placed inside the CDC to generate a trigger signal using 1 mm thick, 300 mm long thin plastic scintillation counters. Detection efficiency and light attenuation compared with conventional wrapping materials are studied.
S. Tanaka; S. Ozaki; Y. Sakamoto; R. Tanuma; T. Yoshida; J. Murata
Spot welding of steel and aluminum using insert sheet
Automobile industries have been increasingly interested in the use of aluminum and thus joining of steel and aluminum becomes of importance. The joining of the two types of metal raises a problem of brittle welds caused by the formation of intermetallic compounds. The authors solved the problem by using an insert sheet. This paper deals with the resistance spot welding of steel and aluminum sheets using insert sheets. The insert sheet used in the present development was a steel/aluminum clad sheet of the 0.8 mm thickness with 50% steel and 50% aluminum. The clad sheet was produced by warm rolling of steel and aluminum with a direct resistance heating process. Steel to be warm rolled was of EDDQ of the 0.4 mm thickness and aluminum was of JIS A1050 of 0.6 mm thickness. The mechanical properties of the insert clad sheets were in between those of the steel sheets and the aluminum sheets, while the clad sheets showed much better formability than the aluminum sheets. Resistance spot welding was conducted for 0.8 mm thick EDDQ steel sheets and 1.0 mm thick aluminum alloy (AL-5.5%Mg) sheets under the welding force of 1.96 kN, welding current ranging between 4.2 and 20.1 kA, and welding time from 0.5 to 10 cycles. The steel was spot welded to the steel side of the insert sheet while the aluminum was welded to the aluminum side. What the authors investigated were the applicable welding current range, nugget diameter, tensile shear strength, U-tension strength, and macro- and microstructures. In conclusion, steel sheets can be spot welded to aluminum sheets without difficulty by using clad sheets as insert materials while the strength level of the dissimilar metal spot welds is close to that of aluminum joints.
Oikawa, H.; Saito, T.; Yoshimura, T. [and others
Synthesis and structural characterization of a new aluminum oxycarbonitride, Al{sub 5}(O, C, N){sub 4}
A new aluminum oxycarbonitride, Al{sub 5}(O{sub x}C{sub y}N{sub 4-x-y}) (x{approx}1.4 and y{approx}2.1), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The title compound was found to be hexagonal with space group P6{sub 3}/mmc, Z=2, and unit-cell dimensions a=0.328455(6) nm, c=2.15998(3) nm and V=0.201805(6) nm{sup 3}. The atom ratios O:C:N were determined by EELS. The final structural model, which is isomorphous with that of (Al{sub 4.4}Si{sub 0.6})(O{sub 1.0}C{sub 3.0}), showed the positional disordering of one of the three types of Al sites. The maximum-entropy method-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was used to confirm the validity of the split-atom model, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. The reliability indices calculated from the MPF were R{sub wp}=6.94% (S=1.22), R{sub p}=5.34%, R{sub B}=1.35% and R{sub F}=0.76%. The crystal was an inversion twin. Each twin-related individual was isostructural with Al{sub 5}C{sub 3}N (space group P6{sub 3}mc, Z=2). - Graphical abstract: A new oxycarbonitride discovered in the Al-O-C-N system, Al{sub 5}(O{sub 1.4}C{sub 2.1}N{sub 0.5}). The crystal is an inversion twin, and hence the structure is represented by a split-atom model. The three-dimensional electron density distributions are determined by the maximum-entropy methods-based pattern fitting, being consistent with the disordered structural model. Display Omitted
Inuzuka, Haruya; Kaga, Motoaki; Urushihara, Daisuke [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Nakano, Hiromi [Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan); Asaka, Toru [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Fukuda, Koichiro, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan)
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum-fly ash metal Sample Search Results
extent, bottom ash, contain elevated amounts of heavy metals, and fly ash... . The dioxinsfurans on ash then don't seem to create an environmental problem. Heavy metals are...
Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness Act of 1988: Annual report of the metals initiative for fiscal year 1996
This annual report has been prepared for the President and Congress describing the activities carried out under the Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness Act of 1988, commonly referred to as the Metals Initiative. The Act has the following purposes: (1) increase energy efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of the American steel, aluminum, and copper industries; and (2) continue research and development efforts begun under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program known as the Steel Initiative. These activities are detailed in a subsequent section. Other sections describe the appropriation history, the distribution of funds through fiscal year 1996, and the estimated funds necessary to continue projects through fiscal year 1997. The Metals Initiative supported four research and development projects with the U.S. Steel industry: (1) steel plant waste oxide recycling and resource recovery by smelting, (2) electrochemical dezincing of steel scrap, (3) rapid analysis of molten metals using laser-produced plasmas, and (4) advanced process control. There are three Metals Initiative projects with the aluminum industry: (1) evaluation of TiB2-G cathode components, (2) energy efficient pressure calciner, and (3) spray forming of aluminum. 1 tab.
Fluoride (F) is not taken up by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (TA98), used for Ames mutagenicity test, unless aluminum (Al) is present
TA98 is commonly used for the Ames test to detect frame-shift mutations. Ames test results for fluoride mutagenicity are controversial. Since Al and F, both present in finished drinking water, form a stable complex, the authors determined the effect of Al on F uptake by TA98 to evaluate any Al effect on Ames test results for F. A known number of TA98 in 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer was incubated with various concentrations of Al, F or aluminum fluoride for 1 hr at 37C in a shaking incubator. The cells were washed twice in potassium phosphate buffer and then resuspended in water. After breaking the cells open by sonication, the resulting supernatant was analyzed for Al by graphite furnace atomic absorption and for F using a F ion-selective electrode. Al accumulated in a concentration-dependent manner to 4.5 ppm then decreased rapidly as the Al was increased to 9 ppm. Intracellular F was below the limit of detection even when the medium contained 590 ppm F. However, F was taken up from media containing greater than 200 ppm F, providing that aluminum was also present. The authors conclude that the Ames test, using TA98, is not suitable for the detection of F mutagenicity.
Ahn, H.W.; Jeffery, E.H. (Univ. of Illinois, Urbana (United States))
ANALYSIS OF ANISOTROPY IN ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF SiCp/2124 Al METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
ANALYSIS OF ANISOTROPY IN ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF SiCp/2124 Al METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES H.K. Jung* , Y; Metal matrix composite; Elastic constants; Aspect ratio; Anisotropy 1. Introduction Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are becoming attractive materials for advanced aerospace structures because
Hong, Soon Hyung
Effects of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on the microstructural evaluation of a highly alloyed aluminum alloy produced by SIMA process
This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on the structural characteristics of Al-12Zn-3 Mg-2.5Cu aluminum alloy. The optimum amount of Ti containing master alloy for proper grain refining was selected as 6 wt.%. A modified strain-induced, melt-activated (SIMA) process for semi-solid processing of alloys was proposed. In order to examine the effectiveness of the modified SIMA process, the recrystallized microstructures of the Al alloy (Al-12Zn-3 Mg-2.5Cu) prepared by the modified SIMA processes were macroscopically. The modified SIMA process employed casting, warm multi-forging, recrystallization and partial melting instead of the conventional process. Reheating condition to obtain a fine globular microstructure was optimized. The microstructure evolution of reheated Al-12Zn-3 Mg-2.5Cu aluminum alloy was characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and optical microscopy. In this study the relation between the induced strain with size and shape of grain size has been studied. Results indicated that with the increase of strain sphericity of particles, their size decreases and sphericity takes place in less reahiting time.
Alipour, M.; Emamy, M.; Azarbarmas, M.; Karamouz, M. [Center of Excellence for High Performance Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
IMPROVED FORMABILITY OF ALUMINUM-GERMANIUM NEAR EUTECTICIMPROVED FORMABILITY OF ALUMINUM-GERMANIUM NEAR EUTECTICAl-Ge) wire. Al-Ge �00F Aluminum-Germanium Atomic Percentage
Pech, G.J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - al metal irradiated Sample Search Results
Accelerator Beams , H. Ludewig1 Summary: effects on CTE of super-Invar. Figure 3: "Gum Metal" material characterization in its non-irradiated state... driver. Ti-6Al-4V....
Generation and structural characterization of aluminum cyanoacetylide
Combined spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations bring to light a first investigation of a metallic cyanoacetylide, AlC{sub 3}N, using laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. This molecule was synthesized in a supersonic expansion by the reaction of aluminum vapour with C{sub 3}N, produced from solid aluminum rods and BrCCCN in a newly constructed ablation-heating nozzle device. A set of accurate rotational and {sup 27}Al and {sup 14}N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been determined from the analysis of the rotational spectrum and compared with those predicted in a high-level ab initio study, conducting to the assignment of the observed species to linear AlCCCN. We have searched for this species towards the carbon-rich evolved star IRC + 10216 but only an upper limit to its abundance has been obtained.
Cabezas, Carlos; Pe�a, Isabel; Alonso, Jos� L., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Grupo de Espectroscopia Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopia y Bioespectroscopia, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parque Cient�fico Uva, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Bel�n 5, 47011 Valladolid (Spain); Barrientos, Carmen; Largo, Antonio, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Departamento de Qu�mica F�sica y Qu�mica Inorg�nica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel�n 7, 47011 Valladolid (Spain); Guillemin, Jean-Claude [Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, �cole Nationale Sup�rieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 All�e de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 (France); Cernicharo, Jos� [Group of Molecular Astrophysics, ICMM C/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz N3 Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
Interfacial tension between aluminum and chloride-fluoride melts
Scrap and recycled aluminum have to be remelted and refined before being made into useful new products. This often involves melting the aluminum under a molten salt cover in order to prevent oxidation and to enhance the coalescence and recovery of the molten metal. A technique was developed for the measurement of the interfacial tension between liquid metals and molten salts at elevated temperatures. The technique is based on the measurement of the capillary depression occurring when a capillary, which is moved vertically down through the molten salt layer, passes through the salt/metal interface. The depression is measured by simultaneous video recording of the immersion height of the alumina capillary and the position of a liquid meniscus in a horizontal tube connected to the alumina capillary. The interfacial tension was measured for (a) aluminum and an equimolar melt of NaCl + KCl with several salt additions at 1,000 K, (b) aluminum and NaCl + NaF at 1,123 K, and (c) aluminum and NaCl + KF at 1,123 K. It was found that the interfacial tension decreases with increasing amount of NaF, increases with the increasing amount of MgCl{sub 2} additions, remains unchanged with AlF{sub 3} additions, and slightly decreases with the addition of MgF{sub 2} and Na{sub 3}AlF{sub 6}.
Silny, A. [Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava (Slovakia). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry] [Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava (Slovakia). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry; Utigard, T.A. [Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Science] [Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Science
ALUMINUM DISTRIBUTIONSIN THE EURASIAN BASIN OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN A THESISSUBMITTEDTO THE GRADUATE Section(1994)cruiseswere analyzed for their aluminum (Al) content; these two data setswere then combined
Luther, Douglas S.
Aluminum powder metallurgy processing
The objective of this dissertation is to explore the hypothesis that there is a strong linkage between gas atomization processing conditions, as-atomized aluminum powder characteristics, and the consolidation methodology required to make components from aluminum powder. The hypothesis was tested with pure aluminum powders produced by commercial air atomization, commercial inert gas atomization, and gas atomization reaction synthesis (GARS). A comparison of the GARS aluminum powders with the commercial aluminum powders showed the former to exhibit superior powder characteristics. The powders were compared in terms of size and shape, bulk chemistry, surface oxide chemistry and structure, and oxide film thickness. Minimum explosive concentration measurements assessed the dependence of explosibility hazard on surface area, oxide film thickness, and gas atomization processing conditions. The GARS aluminum powders were exposed to different relative humidity levels, demonstrating the effect of atmospheric conditions on post-atomization processing conditions. The GARS aluminum powders were exposed to different relative humidity levels, demonstrating the effect of atmospheric conditions on post-atomization oxidation of aluminum powder. An Al-Ti-Y GARS alloy exposed in ambient air at different temperatures revealed the effect of reactive alloy elements on post-atomization powder oxidation. The pure aluminum powders were consolidated by two different routes, a conventional consolidation process for fabricating aerospace components with aluminum powder and a proposed alternative. The consolidation procedures were compared by evaluating the consolidated microstructures and the corresponding mechanical properties. A low temperature solid state sintering experiment demonstrated that tap densified GARS aluminum powders can form sintering necks between contacting powder particles, unlike the total resistance to sintering of commercial air atomization aluminum powder.
Flumerfelt, J.F.
Formation of ordered films of axially bridged aluminum phthalocyanine [(tBu){sub 4}PcAl]{sub 2}O via magnetic field-induced reaction
The ?-(oxo)bis[tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato] aluminum(III) [(tBu){sub 4}PcAl]{sub 2}O films with the crystallites oriented preferably in one direction were obtained via chemical transformation of tetra-tert-butylsubstituted chloroaluminum(III) phthalocyanine (tBu){sub 4}PcAlCl film upon its annealing in magnetic field. A comparative analysis of the influence of post-deposition annealing process without and under applied magnetic field of 1 T, on the orientation and morphology of (tBu){sub 4}PcAlCl and [(tBu){sub 4}PcAl]{sub 2}O films, has been carried out by the methods of UV-vis, Infrared and Raman spectroscopies, XRD as well as atomic force microscopy. The formation of [(tBu){sub 4}PcAl]{sub 2}O films with elongated crystallites having preferential orientation was observed upon heating of the films in magnetic field while annealing without magnetic field under the same conditions does not demonstrate any effect on the structure and morphology of these films. The reasons of the sensitivity of this reaction to the presence of such magnetic field is discussed and studied by electronic paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Basova, Tamara, E-mail: email@example.com; Berezin, Aleksei; Nadolinny, Vladimir [Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Pr., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk (Russian Federation)] [Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Pr., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk (Russian Federation); Peisert, Heiko; Chass�, Thomas [Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 T�bingen (Germany)] [Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 T�bingen (Germany); Banimuslem, Hikmat; Hassan, Aseel [Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB (United Kingdom)] [Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB (United Kingdom)
Photoluminescence quenching of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum thin films at interfaces with metal oxide films of different conductivities
We report a comprehensive study of photoluminescence (PL) quenching of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq[subscript ]3) at interfaces with thin films of tin oxide (SnO[subscript 2]) using both steady-state and ...
Mei, Jun
Metal-phosphate binders
A metal-phosphate binder is provided. The binder may include an aqueous phosphoric acid solution, a metal-cation donor including a metal other than aluminum, an aluminum-cation donor, and a non-carbohydrate electron donor.
Howe, Beth Ann [Lewistown, IL; Chaps-Cabrera, Jesus Guadalupe [Coahuila, MX
Formulation and method for preparing gels comprising hydrous aluminum oxide
Formulations useful for preparing hydrous aluminum oxide gels contain a metal salt including aluminum, an organic base, and a complexing agent. Methods for preparing gels containing hydrous aluminum oxide include heating a formulation to a temperature sufficient to induce gel formation, where the formulation contains a metal salt including aluminum, an organic base, and a complexing agent.
Collins, Jack L.
Crystal structure, characterization and thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrate Ba{sub 8-y}Sr{sub y}Al{sub 14}Si{sub 32} (0.6{<=}y{<=}1.3) prepared by aluminum flux
The title compound was prepared as single crystals using an aluminum flux technique. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that this composition crystallizes in the clathrate type-I structure, space group Pm3-bar n. Electron microprobe characterization indicates the composition to be Ba{sub 8-y}Sr{sub y}Al{sub 14.2(2)}Si{sub 31.8(2)} (0.77Al content fixed at the microprobe value (12 K data: R{sub 1}=0.0233, wR{sub 2}=0.0441) on a crystal of compositions Ba. The Sr atom preferentially occupies the 2a position; mixed Al/Si occupancy was found on all framework sites. These refinements are consistent with a fully occupied framework and nearly fully occupied cation guest sites as found by microprobe analysis. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity have been measured from room temperature to 1200 K on a hot-pressed pellet. Electrical resistivity reveals metallic behavior. The negative Seebeck coefficient indicates transport processes dominated by electrons as carriers. Thermal conductivity is between 22 and 25 mW/cm K. The sample shows n-type conductivity with a maximum figure of merit, zT of 0.3 at 1200 K. A single parabolic band model predicts a five-fold increase in zT at 800 K if carrier concentration is lowered. -- Graphical abstract: The inorganic type-I clathrate phase with nominal composition Ba{sub 7}Sr{sub 1}Al{sub 14}Si{sub 32} has been prepared by Al flux. Single crystal diffraction at 90 and 12 K reveal that the framework is fully occupied with the cation sites nearly fully occupied. The lattice thermal conductivity is low thereby suggesting further optimization of the carrier concentration will lead to a high zT. Display Omitted Highlights: {yields} Ba{sub 7}Sr{sub 1}Al{sub 14}Si{sub 32} is a light element phase ideal for thermoelectric power generation. {yields} Ba{sub 7}Sr{sub 1}Al{sub 14}Si{sub 32} is a high melting point cubic structure ideal for efficient power generation. {yields} The framework is fully occupied with the cation sites nearly fully occupied. {yields} Further optimization of the carrier concentration is expected to lead to a high zT.
Roudebush, John H. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Toberer, Eric S. [Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Hope, Hakon [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Jeffrey Snyder, G. [Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Kauzlarich, Susan M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States)
Short-range order of low-coverage Ti/Al,,111...: Implications for hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides
Short-range order of low-coverage Ti/Al,,111...: Implications for hydrogen storage in complex metal-coverage Ti atoms on Al 111 as a model surface system for transition metal doped alanate hydrogen storage the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen in Ti-doped alanate storage materials. © 2007 American Institute
Ciobanu, Cristian
Magnetic properties of transition metal doped AlN nanosheet: First-principle studies
We carry out our first-principles calculations within density functional theory to study the 3d transition metal (TM) doped AlN nanosheets. The calculated results indicate that a stoichiometric AlN nanosheet is graphene-like structure and nonmagnetic. The TM impurities can induce magnetic moments, localized mainly on the 3d TM atoms and neighboring N atoms. Our calculated results of TM-doped nanosheet systems indicate a strong interaction between 3d orbit of TM atom and the 2p orbit of N atoms. In addition, the Mn- and Ni-doped AlN nanosheet with half-metal characters seems to be good candidates for spintronic applications. When substituting two Al atoms, the relative energies of the states between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling are investigated sufficiently. The exchange coupling of Co- and Ni-doped AlN nanosheets exhibits a transformation with different distances of two TM atoms and that of Cr-, Mn-, and Fe-doped AlN nanosheets is not changed.
Shi, Changmin; Qin, Hongwei, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Zhang, Yongjia; Hu, Jifan; Ju, Lin [School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China)
Nondestructive detection of an undesirable metallic phase, T.sub.1, during processing of aluminum-lithium alloys
A method is disclosed for detecting the T.sub.1 phase in aluminum-lithium alloys through simultaneous measurement of conductivity and hardness. In employing eddy current to measure conductivity, when the eddy current decreases with aging of the alloy, while the hardness of the material continues to increase, the presence of the T.sub.1 phase may be detected.
Buck, Otto (Ames, IA); Bracci, David J. (Maryland Heights, MO); Jiles, David C. (Ames, IA); Brasche, Lisa J. H. (Nevada, IA); Shield, Jeffrey E. (Ames, IA); Chumbley, Leonard S. (Ames, IA)
Aluminum nitride transitional layer for reducing dislocation density and cracking of AlGaN epitaxial films
A denticulated Group III nitride structure that is useful for growing Al.sub.xGa.sub.1-xN to greater thicknesses without cracking and with a greatly reduced threading dislocation (TD) density.
Allerman, Andrew A.; Crawford, Mary H.; Lee, Stephen R.
Intramolecular electronic communication between dimetal units with multiple metal??al bonds
Functional Theory calculations on model compounds show that metal to ligand back bonding is critical to the electron transfer pathway. iv Tetranuclear Mo 4 clusters with two [Mo 2 (cis?DAniF) 2 ] 2+ units linked by single atoms usually show large... guidance, patience, and encouragement during my graduate study. I sincerely thank Professor Carlos A. Murillo for his advice, direction and helpful discussions on my projects. His expertise in chemistry theories and wealth of synthetic knowledge has...
Li, Zhong
Membrane Purification Cell for Aluminum Recycling
Recycling mixed aluminum scrap usually requires adding primary aluminum to the scrap stream as a diluent to reduce the concentration of non-aluminum constituents used in aluminum alloys. Since primary aluminum production requires approximately 10 times more energy than melting scrap, the bulk of the energy and carbon dioxide emissions for recycling are associated with using primary aluminum as a diluent. Eliminating the need for using primary aluminum as a diluent would dramatically reduce energy requirements, decrease carbon dioxide emissions, and increase scrap utilization in recycling. Electrorefining can be used to extract pure aluminum from mixed scrap. Some example applications include producing primary grade aluminum from specific scrap streams such as consumer packaging and mixed alloy saw chips, and recycling multi-alloy products such as brazing sheet. Electrorefining can also be used to extract valuable alloying elements such as Li from Al-Li mixed scrap. This project was aimed at developing an electrorefining process for purifying aluminum to reduce energy consumption and emissions by 75% compared to conventional technology. An electrolytic molten aluminum purification process, utilizing a horizontal membrane cell anode, was designed, constructed, operated and validated. The electrorefining technology could also be used to produce ultra-high purity aluminum for advanced materials applications. The technical objectives for this project were to: - Validate the membrane cell concept with a lab-scale electrorefining cell; - Determine if previously identified voltage increase issue for chloride electrolytes holds for a fluoride-based electrolyte system; - Assess the probability that voltage change issues can be solved; and - Conduct a market and economic analysis to assess commercial feasibility. The process was tested using three different binary alloy compositions (Al-2.0 wt.% Cu, Al-4.7 wt.% Si, Al-0.6 wt.% Fe) and a brazing sheet scrap composition (Al-2.8 wt.% Si-0.7 wt.% Fe-0.8 wt.% Mn),. Purification factors (defined as the initial impurity concentration divided by the final impurity concentration) of greater than 20 were achieved for silicon, iron, copper, and manganese. Cell performance was measured using its current and voltage characteristics and composition analysis of the anode, cathode, and electrolytes. The various cells were autopsied as part of the study. Three electrolyte systems tested were: LiCl-10 wt. % AlCl3, LiCl-10 wt. % AlCl3-5 wt.% AlF3 and LiF-10 wt.% AlF3. An extended four-day run with the LiCl-10 wt.% AlCl3-5 wt.% AlF3 electrolyte system was stable for the entire duration of the experiment, running at energy requirements about one third of the Hoopes and the conventional Hall-Heroult process. Three different anode membranes were investigated with respect to their purification performance and survivability: a woven graphite cloth with 0.05 cm nominal thickness & > 90 % porosity, a drilled rigid membrane with nominal porosity of 33%, and another drilled rigid graphite membrane with increased thickness. The latter rigid drilled graphite was selected as the most promising membrane design. The economic viability of the membrane cell to purify scrap is sensitive to primary & scrap aluminum prices, and the cost of electricity. In particular, it is sensitive to the differential between scrap and primary aluminum price which is highly variable and dependent on the scrap source. In order to be economically viable, any scrap post-processing technology in the U.S. market must have a total operating cost well below the scrap price differential of $0.20-$0.40 per lb to the London Metal Exchange (LME), a margin of 65%-85% of the LME price. The cost to operate the membrane cell is estimated to be < $0.24/lb of purified aluminum. The energy cost is estimated to be $0.05/lb of purified aluminum with the remaining costs being repair and maintenance, electrolyte, labor, taxes and depreciation. The bench-scale work on membrane purification cell process has demonstrated technological advantages and subs
David DeYoung; James Wiswall; Cong Wang
Aluminum in Superconducting Magnets Robert J. Weggel
Aluminum in Superconducting Magnets Robert J. Weggel Magnet Optimization Research Engineering is aluminum, either ultrapure, as quenchstabilization matrix metal, and/or alloyed and coldworked and heat for magnets in which the stresses and strains are modest. The strongest aluminum alloy commercially available
McDonald, Kirk
High resistivity aluminum antimonide radiation detector
Bulk Aluminum Antimonide (AlSb)-based single crystal materials have been prepared for use as ambient (room) temperature X-ray and Gamma-ray radiation detection.
Sherohman, John W. (Livermore, CA); Coombs, III, Arthur W. (Patterson, CA); Yee, Jick H. (Livermore, CA)
Test of Actinide-Lanthanide Separation in an Aluminum-Based Pyrochemical System
The investigation of the actinide and lanthanide distribution between a liquid metal and a molten fluoride salt shows a significant increase of the separation coefficient by using an aluminum-based pyrochemical system instead of a zinc-based system. The obtained values partly depend on the LiF/AlF{sub 3} ratio and can reach more than 30 000 when AlF{sub 3} is in excess with regard to the formation of the cryolite (Li{sub 3} AlF{sub 6}). Furthermore, in the metal phase, the aluminum interacts with the lanthanides to a lesser extent than in other usual metallic solvents. This opens a new way to explore the feasibility of the separation of actinides and lanthanides in the field of nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Rault, Laurence [Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France); Heusch, Murielle [Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France); Allibert, Michel [Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France); Lemort, Florent [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) (France); Deschane, Xavier [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) (France); Boen, Roger [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) (France)
A study on the oxidation characteristics of cast irons containing aluminum
Isothermal-oxidation characteristics of cast irons containing aluminum (5-15% Al) from 700 to 1000{degrees}C in air have been studied. In addition to mass-gain measurements, the morphology and composition of the oxide scales have been examined by SEM-EDX system and XRD analysis. A normal Fe-5Al-C alloy does not develop protective, adherent scales. Even the addition of misch metal and calcium silicide to such an alloy does not improve its oxidation resistance. But aluminum cast iron develops considerable oxidation resistance only when a sufficient quantity of silicon is also present in the alloy. Treatment of the alloy with misch metal and calcium silicide together assists in protective scale formation. Among the alloys investigated Fe-15Al-Si-C treated with misch metal and calcium silicide shows minimum oxidation at 1000{degrees}C.
Ghosh, S.; Prodhan, A. [National Metallurigical Laboratory, Jamshedpur (India); Mohanty, O.N. [Tata Steel, Jamshedpur (India)] [and others
ITP Aluminum: Aluminum Industry Vision: Sustainable Solutions...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Aluminum Industry Vision: Sustainable Solutions for a Dynamic World ITP Aluminum: Aluminum Industry Vision: Sustainable Solutions for a Dynamic World alumvision.pdf More Documents...
ALUMINUM--2001 6.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
ALUMINUM--2001 6.1 ALUMINUM By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared, international data coordinator. In 2001, 11 domestic companies operated 23 primary aluminum reduction plants in the Pacific Northwest, and low metal prices led several aluminum smelters to continue to reduce production
al alloy matrix: Topics by E-print Network
dislocation structure of both Al matrix and precipitates Gubicza, Jen 3 Elevated temperature wear of an aluminum matrix composite Al6061-20 percent aluminum(2) oxygen(3)...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum powder mixtures Sample Search...
4210: Manufacturing Processes and Engineering Summary: .S. Colton GIT 2009 17 12;Compacting Pressures for Various Metal Powders P Metal Pressure (MPa) Aluminum... Metal Powder...
aluminum composites final: Topics by E-print Network
in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological years, mining, smelting, and refining of aluminum (Al) in various forms have increasingly exposed living of the Al...
Regeneration of aluminum hydride
The present invention provides methods and materials for the formation of hydrogen storage alanes, AlH.sub.x, where x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6 at reduced H.sub.2 pressures and temperatures. The methods rely upon reduction of the change in free energy of the reaction between aluminum and molecular H.sub.2. The change in free energy is reduced by lowering the entropy change during the reaction by providing aluminum in a state of high entropy, and by increasing the magnitude of the change in enthalpy of the reaction or combinations thereof.
Graetz, Jason Allan; Reilly, James J; Wegrzyn, James E
The present invention provides methods and materials for the formation of hydrogen storage alanes, AlH.sub.x, where x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6 at reduced H.sub.2 pressures and temperatures. The methods rely upon reduction of the change in free energy of the reaction between aluminum and molecular H.sub.2. The change in free energy is reduced by lowering the entropy change during the reaction by providing aluminum in a state of high entropy, by increasing the magnitude of the change in enthalpy of the reaction or combinations thereof.
Graetz, Jason Allan (Mastic, NY); Reilly, James J. (Bellport, NY)
Activated aluminum hydride hydrogen storage compositions and uses thereof
In one aspect, the invention relates to activated aluminum hydride hydrogen storage compositions containing aluminum hydride in the presence of, or absence of, hydrogen desorption stimulants. The invention particularly relates to such compositions having one or more hydrogen desorption stimulants selected from metal hydrides and metal aluminum hydrides. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for generating hydrogen from such hydrogen storage compositions.
Sandrock, Gary (Ringwood, NJ); Reilly, James (Bellport, NY); Graetz, Jason (Mastic, NY); Wegrzyn, James E. (Brookhaven, NY)
Ultrafast metal-insulator varistors based on tunable Al2O3 tunnel junctions Michael A. Weimer,1,2
Ultrafast metal-insulator varistors based on tunable Al2O3 tunnel junctions Michael A. Weimer,1; accepted 4 April 2008; published online 21 April 2008 Ultrafast metal-insulator varistors have been oxide varistors. These characteristics result from the FowlerNordheim tunneling of electrons through
George, Steven M.
Inertia-friction welding of particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Aluminum metal-matrix composites (Al-MMC) are rapidly becoming materials of choice for many aerospace, automotive, recreational sports, and microelectronic applications. The attractive features of these materials include high specific strength and stiffness, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and enhanced wear characteristics relative to monolithic aluminum alloys. The effective engineering application of Al-MMC will commonly require their joining beth to themselves, to dissimilar Al-MMC, and to monolithic aluminum alloys. In the present work, dissimilar-alloy inertia-friction welds were produced between a 6061-T6 Al-MMC tube reinforced with l0 v/o Al{sub x}O{sub 3} particles (W6A.l0A-T6) and a modified A356 case MMC bar reinforced with 20 v/o SiC particles (F3S.20S), or a monolithic 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy bar. In Phase I, a fractional-factorial test matrix was statistically designed and performed to evaluate the effects of flywheel speed and axial pressure on the weld integrity, microstructure, hardness, tensile and torsion strengths and fracture behavior. In Phase 2, the effects of pre-weld machining of the solid bar on weld alignment and mechanical properties were evaluated. inertia-friction welding was shown to be effective for the joining of alumina particulate-reinforced composites to monolithic aluminum and to SiC-particulate reinforced aluminum. High-integrity joints exhibiting a defect-free joint interface with varying degrees of base alloy intermixing were produced at optimum parameter settings. Tensile and torsional strength joint efficiencies for the alumina-particulate MMC to monolithic aluminum alloy welds exceeded 80% and 75%, respectively, with tensile strength maximized with high axial pressure and flywheel speed, and torsional strength maximized at both medium and high levels of flywheel speed and axial pressure.
Cola, M.J.; Baeslack, W.A. III; Kou, M.
Extraction of trace metals from fly ash
A process for recovering silver, gallium and/or other trace metals from a fine grained industrial fly ash associated with a process for producing phosphorous, the fly ash having a silicate base and containing surface deposits of the trace metals as oxides, chlorides or the like, with the process being carried out by contacting the fly ash with AlCl.sub.3 in an alkali halide melt to react the trace metals with the AlCl.sub.3 to form compositions soluble in the melt and a residue containing the silicate and aluminum oxide or other aluminum precipitate, and separating the desired trace metal or metals from the melt by electrolysis or other separation techniques.
Blander, Milton (Palos Park, IL); Wai, Chien M. (Moscow, ID); Nagy, Zoltan (Woodridge, IL)
A process is described for recovering silver, gallium and/or other trace metals from a fine grained industrial fly ash associated with a process for producing phosphorous. The fly ash has a silicate base and contains surface deposits of the trace metals as oxides, chlorides or the like. The process is carried out by contacting the fly ash with AlCl/sub 3/ in an alkali halide melt to react the trace metals with the AlCl/sub 3/ to form compositions soluble in the melt and a residue containing the silicate and aluminum oxide or other aluminum precipitate, and separating the desired trace metal or metals from the melt by electrolysis or other separation techniques.
Blander, M.; Wai, C.M.; Nagy, Z.
Dirac cones in artificial structures of 3d transitional-metals doped Mg-Al spinels
Motivated by recent theoretical predications for Dirac cone in two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice [H. Ishizuka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 237207 (2012)], first-principles studies are performed to predict Dirac cones in artificial structures of 3d transitional-metals (TM?=?Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) doped Mg-Al spinels. In investigated artificial structures, TM dopants substitute specific positions of the B sub-lattice in Mg-Al spinel, and form a quasi-2D triangular lattice in the a-b plane. Calculated results illustrate the existence of the spin-polarized Dirac cones formed in d-wave bands at (around) the K-point in the momentum space. The study provides a promising route for engineering Dirac physics in condensed matters.
Lu, Yuan; Zuo, Xu, E-mail: email@example.com [College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Feng, Min [School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Shao, Bin [Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
Aluminum as a source of background in low background experiments
Neutrinoless double beta decay would be a key to understanding the nature of neutrino masses. The next generation of High Purity Germanium experiments will have to be operated with a background rate of better than 10^-5 counts/(kg y keV) in the region of interest around the Q value of the decay. Therefore, so far irrelevant sources of background have to be considered. The metalization of the surface of germanium detectors is in general done with aluminum. The background from the decays of 22Na, 26Al, 226Ra and 228Th introduced by this metalization is discussed. It is shown that only a special selection of aluminum can keep these background contributions acceptable.
B. Majorovits; I. Abt; M. Laubenstein; O. Volynets
New, More Efficient Technology for Remelting Aluminum Chips
step. Lastly, a new more efficient technology for stirring the molten aluminum during the recycling process will be introduce. A molten metal pump will be employed to stir the molten aluminum more completely....
Hosek, D.
Electrolyte treatment for aluminum reduction
A method of treating an electrolyte for use in the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum employing an anode and a cathode, the alumina dissolved in the electrolyte, the treating improving wetting of the cathode with molten aluminum during electrolysis. The method comprises the steps of providing a molten electrolyte comprised of ALF.sub.3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF and LiF, and treating the electrolyte by providing therein 0.004 to 0.2 wt. % of a transition metal or transition metal compound for improved wettability of the cathode with molten aluminum during subsequent electrolysis to reduce alumina to aluminum.
Brown, Craig W. (Seattle, WA); Brooks, Richard J. (Seattle, WA); Frizzle, Patrick B. (Seattle, WA); Juric, Drago D. (Bulleen, AU)
Aluminum Zintl anion moieties within sodium aluminum clusters
Through a synergetic combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory based calculations, we have established that aluminum moieties within selected sodium-aluminum clusters are Zintl anions. Sodium�aluminum cluster anions, Na{sub m}Al{sub n}{sup ?}, were generated in a pulsed arc discharge source. After mass selection, their photoelectron spectra were measured by a magnetic bottle, electron energy analyzer. Calculations on a select sub-set of stoichiometries provided geometric structures and full charge analyses for both cluster anions and their neutral cluster counterparts, as well as photodetachment transition energies (stick spectra), and fragment molecular orbital based correlation diagrams.
Wang, Haopeng; Zhang, Xinxing; Ko, Yeon Jae; Grubisic, Andrej; Li, Xiang; Gantef�r, Gerd; Bowen, Kit H., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (United States); Schn�ckel, Hansgeorg [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany)] [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Eichhorn, Bryan W. [Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); Lee, Mal-Soon; Jena, P. [Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284 (United States)] [Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284 (United States); Kandalam, Anil K., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383 (United States); Kiran, Boggavarapu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States)
''Heat Transfer at the Mold-Metal Interface in Permanent Mold Casting of Aluminum Alloys'' Final Project Report
This project on heat transfer coefficients in metal permanent mold casting has been conducted in three areas. They are the theoretical study at the University of Michigan, the experimental investigation of squeeze casting at CMI-Tech Center (Now Hayes-Lemmerz Technical Center) and the experimental investigation of low pressure permanent mold casting at Amcast Automotive.
Professor R. D. Pehlke, Principal Investigator, Dr. John M. Cookson, Dr. Shouwei Hao, Dr. Prasad Krishna, Kevin T. Bilkey
AL. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS SYLLABUS ATTACHMENT. EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES are based on a simple concept - if you hear a.
Laser Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
.. ) Laser Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Welds made with sharp bevel-groove weld aluminum and by aluminum alloy 5456 have been studied. The results indicate that initial absorption varies of the most dramatic illustrations of the differences in beam characteristics occurs when welding aluminum
Eagar, Thomas W.
INSTITUTE FOR SHOCK PHYSICSLaser-Shock Spall Experiments in Aluminum II: Interface Measurements
fracture in aluminum alloys at short time scales (10-8 s) · Role of PMMA backing material window -Changing-T6 or 1100-H14 aluminum targets approximately 110 m thick · PMMA with vapor deposited Al mirror Soda. (2006) * Advised by Yoshi Toyoda and Y. M. Gupta Aluminum Thickness (m) Aluminum Alloy Aluminum
Collins, Gary S.
Erroneous Wave Functions of Ciuchi et al for Collective Modes in Neutron Production on Metallic Hydride Cathodes
There is a recent comment (Ciuchi et al., 2012) concerning the theory of collective many body effects on the neutron production rates in a chemical battery cathode. Ciuchi et al employ an inverse beta decay expression that contains a two body amplitude. Only one electron and one proton may exist in the Ciuchi et al model initial state wave function. A flaw in their reasoning is that one cannot in reality describe collective many body correlations with only a two particle wave function. One needs very many particles to describe collective effects. In the model wave functions of Ciuchi et al there are no metallic hydrides, there are no cathodes and there are no chemical batteries. Employing a wave function with only one electron and one proton is inadequate for describing collective metallic hydride surface quantum plasma physics in cathodes accurately.
Widom, A; Larsen, L
A. Widom; Y. N. Srivastava; L. Larsen
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2008, 6 companies operated 14 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were
and Use: In 2008, 6 companies operated 14 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were temporarily idled primary aluminum production increased substantially owing to smelter restarts after new power contracts, production was curtailed at two smelters owing to high electricity prices, power supply issues, and a sharp
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2012, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were
and Use: In 2012, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were closed temporarily quarter of 2012, the leading U.S. aluminum producer announced that its smelter in Alcoa, TN, which had potlines at its Rockdale, TX, smelter also would be permanently closed. Failure to obtain favorable power
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal, unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2000, 12 companies operated 23 primary aluminum reduction plants. Montana,
, and Issues: Domestic primary aluminum production decreased owing in large part to the smelter production cutbacks caused by increased energy costs, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Domestic smelters aluminum smelter in Hawesville, KY. The acquisition was subject to the completion of a labor agreement
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2010, five companies operated nine primary aluminum smelters; six smelters
and Use: In 2010, five companies operated nine primary aluminum smelters; six smelters were closed the entire year. Demolition of two smelters that had been idle for several years was started in 2010. Based: During the first half of 2010, production from domestic primary aluminum smelters had stabilized after
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2007, 6 companies operated 14 primary aluminum smelters; 5 smelters were
and Use: In 2007, 6 companies operated 14 primary aluminum smelters; 5 smelters were temporarily idled primary aluminum production increased substantially owing to smelter restarts after new power contracts were obtained by producers. Domestic smelters operated at about 69% of rated or engineered capacity
Method of forming aluminum oxynitride material and bodies formed by such methods
Methods of forming aluminum oxynitride (AlON) materials include sintering green bodies comprising aluminum orthophosphate or another sacrificial material therein. Such green bodies may comprise aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen in addition to the aluminum orthophosphate. For example, the green bodies may include a mixture of aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and aluminum orthophosphate or another sacrificial material. Additional methods of forming aluminum oxynitride (AlON) materials include sintering a green body including a sacrificial material therein, using the sacrificial material to form pores in the green body during sintering, and infiltrating the pores formed in the green body with a liquid infiltrant during sintering. Bodies are formed using such methods.
Bakas, Michael P. (Ammon, ID) [Ammon, ID; Lillo, Thomas M. (Idaho Falls, ID) [Idaho Falls, ID; Chu, Henry S. (Idaho Falls, ID) [Idaho Falls, ID
al-casi-misch metal struktura: Topics by E-print Network
environmental conditions (more) Cameron, Vyllinniskii 2008-01-01 9 Liquid Metal Transformers CERN Preprints Summary: The room temperature liquid metal is quickly emerging as an...
AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors using barium strontium titanate
AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors using barium strontium-effect transistors have been formed by incorporating barium strontium titanate (BST) deposited by rf magnetron in increased leakage. Due to its large dielectric constant, barium strontium ti- tanate [Ba1-xSrxTiO3, (BST
York, Robert A.
Correlation between medium-range order structure and glass-forming ability for Al-based metallic glasses
To clarify the correlation of medium-range order (MRO) structure with glass forming ability (GFA) of Al-based metallic glasses, Al{sub 86}Ni{sub 14-a}Y{sub a} (a?=?2?9 at.?%) metallic glasses were analyzed by x-ray diffraction in detail and further verified by synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction. The prepeak that reflects the MRO structural evolution was found to be much sensitive to alloy composition. We have proposed an icosahedral supercluster MRO structure model in Al-TM (transition metal)-RE (rare earth metal) system, which consists of 12 RE(TM)-centered clusters on the vertex of icosahedral supercluster, one RE(TM)-centered clusters in the center, and TM(RE) atoms located at RE(TM)-centered cluster tetrahedral interstices in the icosahedral supercluster. It was indicated that the MRO structural stability mainly depends on the interaction of efficient dense packing and electrochemical potential equalization principle. The Al{sub 86}Ni{sub 9}Y(La){sub 5} alloys present good GFA due to the combination of the two structural factors.
Wu, N. C. [College of Material and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004 (China); Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Yan, M. [Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane (Australia); Zuo, L. [College of Material and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004 (China); Wang, J. Q., E-mail: email@example.com [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China)
Microstructure evolution of Al/Mg butt joints welded by gas tungsten arc with Zn filler metal
Based on the idea of alloying welding seam, Gas tungsten arc welding method with pure Zn filler metal was chosen to join Mg alloy and Al alloy. The microstructures, phases, element distribution and fracture morphology of welding seams were examined. The results indicate that there was a transitional zone in the width of 80-100 {mu}m between the Mg alloy substrate and fusion zone. The fusion zone was mainly composed of MgZn{sub 2}, Zn-based solid solution and Al-based solid solution. The welding seam presented distinct morphology in different location owning to the quite high cooling rate of the molten pool. The addition of Zn metal could prevent the formation of Mg-Al intermetallics and form the alloyed welding seam during welding. Therefore, the tensile strengths of joints have been significantly improved compared with those of gas tungsten arc welded joints without Zn metal added. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Mg alloy AZ31B and Al alloy 6061 are welded successfully. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zinc wire is employed as a filler metal to form the alloyed welding seam. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An alloyed welding seam is benefit for improving of the joint tensile strength.
Liu Fei; Zhang Zhaodong; Liu Liming, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Morphology and properties of a hybrid organic-inorganic system: Al nanoparticles embedded into CuPc thin film
The evolution of the morphology and the electronic structure of the hybrid organic-inorganic system composed of aluminum nanoparticles (NPs) distributed in an organic semiconductor matrix�copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)�as a function of nominal aluminum content was studied by transmission electron microscopy and by photoemission spectroscopy methods. The aluminum atoms deposited onto the CuPc surface diffuse into the organic matrix and self-assemble to NPs in a well-defined manner with a narrow diameter distribution, which depends on the amount of aluminum that is evaporated onto the CuPc film. We find clear evidence of a charge transfer from Al to CuPc and we have been able to determine the lattice sites where Al ions sit. The finally at high coverage about 64?� the formation of metallic aluminum overlayer on CuPc thin film takes place.
Molodtsova, O. V.; Babenkov, S. V. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestra�e 85, 22607 Hamburg (Germany); Aristova, I. M. [Institute of Solid State Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russian Federation); Vilkov, O. V. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) f�r Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Stra�e 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Aristov, V. Yu., E-mail: email@example.com [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestra�e 85, 22607 Hamburg (Germany); Institute of Solid State Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russian Federation); Institut f�r Theoretische Physik, Universit�t Hamburg, Jungiusstra�e 9, D-20355 Hamburg (Germany)
P-67: Investigation on the Hydrogen-Assisted Al Induced Metal Crystallization Poly-Si
Zeng2 , Chong Luo1 , Chun jian Yin1 , Ming Yang1 , Zhiguo Meng1 , Shaozhen Xiong1 1. Institute of Photo-Electronics, Nankai University, The Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photo-Electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology] , solar cells [2] , sensor, etc. Among the crystallization technologies, AIC (Aluminum Induced
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum oxide membrane-assisted Sample...
Summary: Aluminum Particle Combustion Aluminum oxide cap formed under the effect of surface tension Oxidized... products consists of gas-phase AlxOy such as AlO, and Al2O...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum oxide Sample Search Results
Effects of Nanoscale Structure on the Magnetism and Transport Properties of Chromium and Chromium-Aluminum Alloys
J. L. Murray. The Al-Cr (aluminum-chromium) system. Joural3d transition elements and aluminum. Journal of Physics andof Chromium and Chromium-Aluminum Alloys by Zoe Austin
Boekelheide, Zoe Austin
Mobilizing aluminum in crustal and mantle fluids Craig E. Manning
Mobilizing aluminum in crustal and mantle fluids Craig E. Manning Department of Earth and Space December 2005 Available online 9 March 2006 Abstract Aluminum is a major rock-forming element, but its low by formation of polynuclear NaAlSiO clusters and/or polymers. Aluminum should not be assumed to be immobile
Manning, Craig
Rapid silicon outdiffusion from SiC substrates during molecular-beam epitaxial growth of AlGaN/GaN/AlN transistor structures
AlGaN/GaN/AlN transistor structures were grown onto SiC substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Under aluminum-rich growth conditions for the AlN nucleation layer, undesirable n-type conduction is observed near the GaN/AlN interface for even thick (>1000 A) AlN layers. Silicon is identified as the unwanted dopant from secondary-ion mass spectroscopy measurements. Atomic force microscopy surface maps reveal free aluminum metal on AlN surfaces grown under modest aluminum-rich conditions. It is proposed that rapid silicon migration is caused by molten aluminum reacting with the SiC substrate resulting in dissolved silicon that rapidly migrates through the growing AlN layer. This behavior is significantly reduced using a growth flux ratio of aluminum to reactive nitrogen close to unity. The resulting buffer leakage current of the GaN high electron mobility transistor structure is reduced by more than four orders of magnitude.
Hoke, W.E.; Torabi, A.; Mosca, J.J.; Hallock, R.B.; Kennedy, T.D. [Raytheon RF Components, 362 Lowell Street, Andover, Massachusetts 01810 (United States)
Scaleable Clean Aluminum Melting Systems
The project entitled 'Scaleable Clean Aluminum Melting Systems' was a Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Secat Inc. The three-year project was initially funded for the first year and was then canceled due to funding cuts at the DOE headquarters. The limited funds allowed the research team to visit industrial sites and investigate the status of using immersion heaters for aluminum melting applications. Primary concepts were proposed on the design of furnaces using immersion heaters for melting. The proposed project can continue if the funding agency resumes the funds to this research. The objective of this project was to develop and demonstrate integrated, retrofitable technologies for clean melting systems for aluminum in both the Metal Casting and integrated aluminum processing industries. The scope focused on immersion heating coupled with metal circulation systems that provide significant opportunity for energy savings as well as reduction of melt loss in the form of dross. The project aimed at the development and integration of technologies that would enable significant reduction in the energy consumption and environmental impacts of melting aluminum through substitution of immersion heating for the conventional radiant burner methods used in reverberatory furnaces. Specifically, the program would couple heater improvements with furnace modeling that would enable cost-effective retrofits to a range of existing furnace sizes, reducing the economic barrier to application.
Han, Q.; Das, S.K. (Secat, Inc.)
Chemical structure of vanadium-based contact formation on n-AlN
We have investigated the chemical interaction between a Au/V/Al/V layer structure and n-type AlN epilayers using soft x-ray photoemission, x-ray emission spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. To understand the complex processes involved in this multicomponent system, we have studied the interface before and after a rapid thermal annealing step. We find the formation of a number of chemical phases at the interface, including VN, metallic vanadium, aluminum oxide, and metallic gold. An interaction mechanism for metal contact formation on the entire n-(Al,Ga)N system is proposed.
Pookpanratana, S.; France, R.; Blum, M.; Bell, A.; Bar, M.; Weinhardt, L.; Zhang, Y.; Hofmann, T.; Fuchs, O.; Yang, W.; Denlinger, J. D.; Mulcahy, S.; Moustakas, T. D.; Heske, Clemens
Amorphous Al-transition Metal Alloys as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Al based alloy powders (Al??Ni?Y?Co?Fe?) are produced by spray atomization method. High energy ball milling is done to modify the surface topology and particle size for better electrochemical performance. X ray diffraction ...
Wang, C.Y.
Ignition of Aluminum Particles and Clouds
Here we review experimental data and models of the ignition of aluminum (Al) particles and clouds in explosion fields. The review considers: (i) ignition temperatures measured for single Al particles in torch experiments; (ii) thermal explosion models of the ignition of single Al particles; and (iii) the unsteady ignition Al particles clouds in reflected shock environments. These are used to develop an empirical ignition model appropriate for numerical simulations of Al particle combustion in shock dispersed fuel explosions.
Kuhl, A L; Boiko, V M
Laser Surface Modification of a Crystalline Al-Co-Ce Alloy for Enhanced Corrosion
#12;Laser Surface Modification of a Crystalline Al-Co-Ce Alloy for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance hardness, structure manipula- tion, and improvements in corrosion resistance of metallic materials.[1 surface modify steel and aluminum alloys for improved corrosion resistance.[3,4] The enhanced corrosion
Fitz-Gerald, James M.
Corrosion protective coating for metallic materials
Corrosion protective coatings for metallic materials, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys, produced with simple, low-cost equipment and materials other than toxic metals or metal salts, or metal cyanides. The metallic material is cleaned, degreased, and deoxidized, the surface is converted to a substantially alkaline condition, and the surface is chemically sealed with inorganic metal compounds.
Buchheit, Rudolph G. (Albuquerque, NM); Martinez, Michael A. (Albuquerque, NM)
Corrosion protective coatings for metallic materials, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys, produced with simple, low-cost equipment and materials other than toxic metals or metal salts, or metal cyanides is disclosed. The metallic material is cleaned, degreased, and deoxidized, the surface is converted to a substantially alkaline condition, and the surface is chemically sealed with inorganic metal compounds. 1 fig.
Buchheit, R.G.; Martinez, M.A.
By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic primary aluminum production increased slightly in
of primary metal produced domestically in 1995 was Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP) committed metal came from new (manufacturing) scrap and 47% from old scrap (discarded aluminum products, and Washington conjunction with the domestic primary aluminum industry, accounted for 36% of the production
E-Print Network 3.0 - al-based metal matrix Sample Search Results
sensitivity to an additional stressor, ultraviolet-B (UV... -B) radiation. Heavy metal pollution is recognized as a major environmental problem in Rocky Mountain streams...
Reaction synthesis of Ni-Al based particle composite coatings
Electrodeposited metal matrix/metal particle composite (EMMC) coatings were produced with a nickel matrix and aluminum particles. By optimizing the process parameters, coatings were deposited with 20 volume percent aluminum particles. Coating morphology and composition were characterized using light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was employed to study reactive phase formation. The effect of heat treatment on coating phase formation was studied in the temperature range 415 to 1,000 C. Long-time exposure at low temperature results in the formation of several intermetallic phases at the Ni matrix/Al particle interfaces and concentrically around the original Al particles. Upon heating to the 500--600 C range, the aluminum particles react with the nickel matrix to form NiAl islands within the Ni matrix. When exposed to higher temperatures (600--1,000 C), diffusional reaction between NiAl and nickel produces ({gamma})Ni{sub 3}Al. The final equilibrium microstructure consists of blocks of ({gamma}{prime})Ni{sub 3}Al in a {gamma}(Ni) solid solution matrix, with small pores also present. Pore formation is explained based on local density changes during intermetallic phase formation and microstructural development is discussed with reference to reaction synthesis of bulk nickel aluminides.
The effect of pH and temperature on the sorption of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and aluminum(III) onto new metal-ligand complexes of sporopollenin
Sorption of metal ions from aqueous solution onto metal-ligand complexes of sporopollenin derivatives has been measured as a function of pH at several temperatures between 20 and 50 C. Novel metal-ligand exchange resins possessing oxime and carboxylic acid side arm functionality were prepared through the reaction of diaminosporopollenin with dichloro-antiglyoxime and bromoacetic acid. The pH dependencies and sorption isotherms of various metal ions such as Zn (II), Cd(II), and Al(III) on the resin were investigated from aqueous solution. The sorption behavior of these metal-ligand complexes of sporopollenin derivatives and the possibilities of selectively removing and recovering heavy metals are explained on the basis of their chemical nature and complex properties and the results are interpreted in terms of the variations of pH.
Pehlivan, E.; Ersoz, M.; Pehlivan, M.; Yildiz, S. [Univ. of Selcuk, Konya (Turkey)] [Univ. of Selcuk, Konya (Turkey); Duncan, H.J. [Univ. of Glasgow (United Kingdom)] [Univ. of Glasgow (United Kingdom)
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2006, 5 companies operated 13 primary aluminum smelters; 6 smelters were
,800 South Africa 851 890 860 900 United Arab Emirates, Dubai 75%. Tariff: Item Number Normal Trade Relations 12-31-06 Unwrought (in coils) 7601.10.3000 2.6% ad val aluminum production decreased slightly owing to cutbacks attributed to increased energy and alumina costs
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal, unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2002, 11 companies operated 16 primary aluminum reduction plants; 6 smelters
and Use: In 2002, 11 companies operated 16 primary aluminum reduction plants; 6 smelters were temporarily idled. The 11 smelters east of the Mississippi River accounted for 75% of the production; whereas the remaining 11 smelters, which included the 9 Pacific Northwest smelters, accounted for only 25%. Based upon
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2009, 6 companies operated 13 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were
and Use: In 2009, 6 companies operated 13 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters were closed the entire year, and demolition of 1 smelter that had been idle since 2000 was completed in 2009. Of the operating smelters, three were temporarily idled and parts of four others were temporarily closed in 2009. Based
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2013, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 3 smelters were
and Use: In 2013, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 3 smelters were closed temporarily, and Issues: In February 2013, the owner of the 270,000-ton-per-year Hannibal, OH, smelter filed for chapter in October. In June, the Sebree, KY, smelter was sold as part of a corporate restructuring. Expansion
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2011, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 5 smelters were
and Use: In 2011, 5 companies operated 10 primary aluminum smelters; 5 smelters were closed the entire year. One smelter that was closed in 2009 was reopened during the first quarter of 2011. Five potlines that were closed in late 2008 and early 2009 at four other smelters were also restarted in early 2011. Based
Dry lubricant films for aluminum forming.
During metal forming process, lubricants are crucial to prevent direct contact, adhesion, transfer and scuffing of workpiece materials and tools. Boric acid films can be firmly adhered to the clean aluminum surfaces by spraying their methanol solutions and provide extremely low friction coefficient (about 0.04). The cohesion strengths of the bonded films vary with the types of aluminum alloys (6061, 6111 and 5754). The sheet metal forming tests indicate that boric acid films and the combined films of boric acid and mineral oil can create larger strains than the commercial liquid and solid lubricants, showing that they possess excellent lubricities for aluminum forming. SEM analyses indicate that boric acid dry films separate the workpiece and die materials, and prevent their direct contact and preserve their surface qualities. Since boric acid is non-toxic and easily removed by water, it can be expected that boric acid films are environmentally friendly, cost effective and very efficient lubricants for sheet aluminum cold forming.
Wei, J.; Erdemir, A.; Fenske, G. R.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Aluminum-Alumina Composites
The preliminary goal of this study is to determine the effects of processing conditions, compositions and microstructural morphologies of the constituents on the physical and thermo-mechanical properties of alumina (Al_2O_3) reinforced aluminum (Al...
Gudlur, Pradeep
The viability of aluminum Zintl anion moieties within magnesium-aluminum clusters
Through a synergetic combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory based calculations, we have investigated the extent to which the aluminum moieties within selected magnesium-aluminum clusters are Zintl anions. Magnesium-aluminum cluster anions were generated in a pulsed arc discharge source. After mass selection, photoelectron spectra of Mg{sub m}Al{sub n}{sup ?} (m, n = 1,6; 2,5; 2,12; and 3,11) were measured by a magnetic bottle, electron energy analyzer. Calculations on these four stoichiometries provided geometric structures and full charge analyses for the cluster anions and their neutral cluster counterparts, as well as photodetachment transition energies (stick spectra). Calculations revealed that, unlike the cases of recently reported sodium-aluminum clusters, the formation of aluminum Zintl anion moieties within magnesium-aluminum clusters was limited in most cases by weak charge transfer between the magnesium atoms and their aluminum cluster moieties. Only in cases of high magnesium content, e.g., in Mg{sub 3}Al{sub 11} and Mg{sub 2}Al{sub 12}{sup ?}, did the aluminum moieties exhibit Zintl anion-like characteristics.
Wang, Haopeng; Jae Ko, Yeon; Zhang, Xinxing; Gantefoer, Gerd; Bowen, Kit H., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (United States); Schnoeckel, Hansgeorg [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany)] [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Eichhorn, Bryan W. [Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); Jena, Puru [Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284 (United States)] [Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284 (United States); Kiran, Boggavarapu, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States); Kandalam, Anil K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383 (United States)
D.D. Luong et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 550 (2013) 412422 412 Development of high performance lightweight aluminum alloy/SiC hollow sphere syntactic foams and compressive
matrix composite (AMC) systems. Aluminum alloys and AMCs have been used to replace steel in automotive performance lightweight aluminum alloy/SiC hollow sphere syntactic foams and compressive characterization and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA ABSTRACT Aluminum alloy A356 filled
Gupta, Nikhil
Epitaxial growth of aligned AlGalnN nanowires by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Highly ordered and aligned epitaxy of III-Nitride nanowires is demonstrated in this work. <1010> M-axis is identified as a preferential nanowire growth direction through a detailed study of GaN/AlN trunk/branch nanostructures by transmission electron microscopy. Crystallographic selectivity can be used to achieve spatial and orientational control of nanowire growth. Vertically aligned (Al)GaN nanowires are prepared on M-plane AlN substrates. Horizontally ordered nanowires, extending from the M-plane sidewalls of GaN hexagonal mesas or islands demonstrate new opportunities for self-aligned nanowire devices, interconnects, and networks.
Han, Jung (Woodbridge, CT); Su, Jie (New Haven, CT)
Nanostructured lithium-aluminum alloy electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Electrodeposited aluminum films and template-synthesized aluminum nanorods are examined as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-aluminum alloying reaction is observed electrochemically with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in lithium half-cells. The electrodeposition reaction is shown to have high faradaic efficiency, and electrodeposited aluminum films reach theoretical capacity for the formation of LiAl (1 Ah/g). The performance of electrodeposited aluminum films is dependent on film thickness, with thicker films exhibiting better cycling behavior. The same trend is shown for electron-beam deposited aluminum films, suggesting that aluminum film thickness is the major determinant in electrochemical performance regardless of deposition technique. Synthesis of aluminum nanorod arrays on stainless steel substrates is demonstrated using electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates followed by template dissolution. Unlike nanostructures of other lithium-alloying materials, the electrochemical performance of these aluminum nanorod arrays is worse than that of bulk aluminum.
Hudak, Nicholas S.; Huber, Dale L.
Joining aluminum to titanium alloy by friction stir lap welding with cutting pin
Aluminum 1060 and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V plates were lap joined by friction stir welding. A cutting pin of rotary burr made of tungsten carbide was employed. The microstructures of the joining interface were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Joint strength was evaluated by a tensile shear test. During the welding process, the surface layer of the titanium plate was cut off by the pin, and intensively mixed with aluminum situated on the titanium plate. The microstructures analysis showed that a visible swirl-like mixed region existed at the interface. In this region, the Al metal, Ti metal and the mixed layer of them were all presented. The ultimate tensile shear strength of joint reached 100% of 1060Al that underwent thermal cycle provided by the shoulder. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer FSW with cutting pin was successfully employed to form Al/Ti lap joint. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Swirl-like structures formed due to mechanical mixing were found at the interface. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer High-strength joints fractured at Al suffered thermal cycle were produced.
Wei, Yanni [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China) [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China); Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China); Li, Jinglong, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China)] [Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China); Xiong, Jiangtao [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China) [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China); Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China); Huang, Fu; Zhang, Fusheng; Raza, Syed Hamid [Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China)] [Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China)
(Data in thousand metric tons of metal unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2005, 6 companies operated 15 primary aluminum smelters; 4 smelters
547 550 542 554 Norway 1,320 1,350 1,320 1,380 Russia 3,590 3,650 3,640 3,760 South Africa 863 830 850%. Tariff: Item Number Normal Trade Relations 12-31-05 Unwrought (in coils) 7601.10.3000 2.6% ad val aluminum production decreased slightly owing to cutbacks attributed to increased energy and alumina costs
Sr effect on the microstructure and tensile properties of A357 aluminum alloy and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/SiC-A357 cast composites
The effect of strontium as a modifier on the microstructures and tensile properties of two castable particulate metal matrix composites has been studied. The particulate metal matrix composites had similar matrix alloy (A357) but different reinforcing fine particles (silicon carbide and alumina). Results showed that the addition of 0.03% strontium makes a modest improvement to the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation percentage values, and the scatter of these properties, but makes a significant improvement to minimum strength and elongation results. Microstructural examinations by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis of metal matrix composites showed segregation of strontium on both the silicon carbide and alumina particles. Further results showed that the addition of higher strontium levels contributes to the over-modification of the eutectic silicon and promotes the formation of an Al-Si-Sr intermetallic compound on the particle/matrix interface.
Razaghian, A. [Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Emamy, M., E-mail: email@example.com [Center of Excellence for High Performance Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Najimi, A.A.; Ebrahimi, S.H. Seyed [Center of Excellence for High Performance Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum phosphide pc Sample Search Results
HCP CCP PO phosphorus monoxide molecular oxygen Aluminum oxide H2 H2 O H2 S CSi carbon... isocyanide HCl NaCl NaCN N2 O KCl AlCl aluminum monochloride NH2 amidyl radical*...
al ruido industrial: Topics by E-print Network
Summary: .5% absolute 2 compared to conventional aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) solar cells. The main effect SINGULAR In the recent years, aluminum oxide (AlOx) layers...
Electrolytic production of high purity aluminum using ceramic inert anodes
A method of producing commercial purity aluminum in an electrolytic reduction cell comprising ceramic inert anodes is disclosed. The method produces aluminum having acceptable levels of Fe, Cu and Ni impurities. The ceramic inert anodes used in the process may comprise oxides containing Fe and Ni, as well as other oxides, metals and/or dopants.
Ray, Siba P. (Murrysville, PA); Liu, Xinghua (Monroeville, PA); Weirauch, Douglas A. (Murrysville, PA); DiMilia, Robert A. (Baton Rouge, LA); Dynys, Joseph M. (New Kensington, PA); Phelps, Frankie E. (Apollo, PA); LaCamera, Alfred F. (Trafford, PA)
Electrolytic production of high purity aluminum using inert anodes
A method of producing commercial purity aluminum in an electrolytic reduction cell comprising inert anodes is disclosed. The method produces aluminum having acceptable levels of Fe, Cu and Ni impurities. The inert anodes used in the process preferably comprise a cermet material comprising ceramic oxide phase portions and metal phase portions.
Ray, Siba P. (Murrysville, PA); Liu, Xinghua (Monroeville, PA); Weirauch, Jr., Douglas A. (Murrysville, PA)
Fluxing agent for metal cast joining
A method of joining an aluminum cast member to an aluminum component. The method includes the steps of coating a surface of an aluminum component with flux comprising cesium fluoride, placing the flux coated component in a mold, filling the mold with molten aluminum alloy, and allowing the molten aluminum alloy to solidify thereby joining a cast member to the aluminum component. The flux preferably includes aluminum fluoride and alumina. A particularly preferred flux includes about 60 wt. % CsF, about 30 wt. % AlF.sub.3, and about 10 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.
Gunkel, Ronald W. (Lower Burrell, PA); Podey, Larry L. (Greensburg, PA); Meyer, Thomas N. (Murrysville, PA)
Effect of the strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) process on the tensile properties of a new developed super high strength aluminum alloy modified by Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner
In this study, the effect of Al-5Ti-1B grain refiners and modified strain-induced melt activation process on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was studied. The optimum level of Ti was found to be 0.1 wt.%. The specimens subjected to deformation ratio of 40% (at 300 Degree-Sign C) and various heat treatment times (10-40 min) and temperature (550-600 Degree-Sign C) regimes were characterized in this study. Reheating condition to obtain a fine globular microstructure was optimized. Microstructural examinations were conducted by optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometry. The optimum temperature and time in strain-induced melt activation process are 575 Degree-Sign C and 20 min, respectively. T6 heat treatment including quenching to room temperature and aging at 120 Degree-Sign C for 24 h was employed to reach to the maximum strength. Significant improvements in mechanical properties were obtained with the addition of grain refiner combined with T6 heat treatment. After the T6 heat treatment, the average tensile strength increased from 283 MPa to 587 and 332 MPa to 617 for samples refined with 2 wt.% Al-5Ti-1B before and after strain-induced melt activation process and extrusion process, respectively. Ultimate strength of Ti-refined specimens without SIMA process has a lower value than globular microstructure specimens after SIMA and extrusion process. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of Al-5Ti-1B on the aluminum alloy produced by SIMA process was studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Al-5Ti-1B is an effective in reducing the grain and reagent fine microstructure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Reheating condition to obtain a fine globular microstructure was optimized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The optimum temperature and time in SIMA process are 575 Degree-Sign C and 20 min respectively. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer UTS of globular structure specimens have a more value than Ti-refined specimens.
Haghparast, Amin [School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Nourimotlagh, Masoud [Young Researchers Club, Dareshahr Branch, Islamic Azad university (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [Young Researchers Club, Dareshahr Branch, Islamic Azad university (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Alipour, Mohammad, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Wetting and strength issues at Al/alpha-alumina interfaces
The wetting behavior and strength at aluminum/alumina interfaces has been an active subject of research. Al/alumina applications include ceramic-metal composites and several applications for electronic industries. In this paper the interface strength and microstructure of Al/alpha-alumina was investigated. We discovered that in a solid-state joining, the strength of the joint increases with increasing joining temperature. In a liquid-state joining, the strength of the joint gradually decreases due to the formation of unbonded areas. The strength, sigma sub b, is expressed by the following equation as a function of unbonded area, A: sigma sub b = 2.22 A + 143 (70 percent {le} A {le} 100 percent). The highest strength reached 400 MPa when the interface was formed at around the melting temperature of aluminum. An aluminum layer close to the interface became a single crystal when it was bonded to a sapphire. The following crystallographic orientation relationship is established: (1{bar 1}1){sub Al}//(001){sub {alpha}}-Al{sub 2} O{sub 3}, (110){sub Al}//<100>{sub {alpha}}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Amorphous alumina islands were formed at the interface. In the amorphous alumina, gamma-alumina nanocrystals grew from the sapphire, with the same orientation relationship to sapphire as above.
Saiz, Eduardo; Tomsia, Antoni P.; Suganuma, Katsuaki
Dissolved aluminum in the Gulf of Mexico
in areas of minimum sediment resuspension. With limited data available it appears that the boundary of the sediment/water interface does release dissolved Al, but kinetically Al should decrease with depth in the sediment during authigenesis. The Al... DISSOLVED ALUMINUM IN THE GULF OF MEXICO A Thesis by PEGGY LYNNE MYRE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A6M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1990 Majo...
Myre, Peggy Lynne
Microstructural issues in a friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy
Recent observations of microstructures associated with friction-stir welding (FSW) in a number of aluminum alloys have consistently demonstrated the actual weld zone to consist of a (dynamically) recrystallized grain structure resulting from the extreme, solid-state, plastic deformation characterizing the process. Because of solubilities associated with the various precipitates in 7075 and 6061 aluminum alloys, and the fact that the precipitates were either homogeneously distributed throughout both the original (unwelded) work-piece plates and the well zones (or formed varying densities of Widmanstaetten patterns within the original and recrystallized grains), it has been difficult to follow the stirring of stable, second-phase particles from the base metal (work-piece) into the weld zone. In the present investigation, a compositionally modified 1100 aluminum alloy (nominally 99.2% Al, 0.5% Fe, 0.15% Cu, 0.12% Si, 0.05 Mn, 0.04 Ti, balance in weight percent of Be and Mg), forming a stable microdendritic (second-phase), equiaxed, cell structure was friction-stir welded. These thermally stable, geometrically specific, precipitates in the base metal were compared with their disposition within the friction-stir-weld zone. In addition, as-cast plates of this alloy were cold-rolled 50% and friction-stir-welded in order to compare these two schedules (as-cast and 50% cold-rolled) in terms of residual hardness variations and related microstructural issues as well as the effect of prior deformation on the friction-stir welding process.
Flores, O.V.; Kennedy, C.; Murr, L.E.; Brown, D.; Pappu, S.; Nowak, B.M.; McClure, J.C. [Univ. of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States)] [Univ. of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States)
Iron and aluminum interaction with amyloid-beta peptides associated with Alzheimer�s disease
An elevation in the concentration of heavy metal ions in Alzheimer�s disease (AD) brain has been demonstrated in many studies. A? precipitation and toxicity in AD brains seem to be caused by abnormal interactions with neocortical metal ions, especially iron, copper, zinc, and aluminum [1�3]. There is increasing evidence that iron and aluminum ions are involved in the mechanisms that underlie the neurodegenerative diseases [4,5]. However, evidence was brought to demonstrate that some A? fragments, at physiological pH, are not able to form binary complexes with Fe(III) ions of sufficient stability to compete with metal hydroxide precipitation [6]. On the contrary, multiple metal ions are known to interact with A? peptides [7]. Consequently, we investigated here the interaction of Fe(II/III) and Al(III) ions with some amyloid-? peptides and fragments that results in peptide aggregation and fibrillation [8,9]. Infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry demonstrated conformational changes of peptides in the presence of such metals.
Drochioiu, Gabi; Ion, Laura [Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506 (Romania); Murariu, Manuela; Habasescu, Laura [Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487 (Romania)
Synthesis and structural characterization of Al{sub 7}C{sub 3}N{sub 3}-homeotypic aluminum silicon oxycarbonitride, (Al{sub 7-x}Si{sub x})(O{sub y}C{sub z}N{sub 6-y-z}) (x{approx}1.2, y{approx}1.0 and z{approx}3.5)
A new aluminum silicon oxycarbonitride, (Al{sub 5.8}Si{sub 1.2})(O{sub 1.0}C{sub 3.5}N{sub 1.5}), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The title compound is hexagonal with space group P6{sub 3}/mmc and unit-cell dimensions a=0.322508(4) nm, c=3.17193(4) nm and V=0.285717(6) nm{sup 3}. The atom ratios of Al:Si and those of O:C:N were, respectively, determined by EDX and EELS. The initial structural model was successfully derived from the XRPD data by the direct methods and further refined by the Rietveld method. The crystal is most probably composed of four types of domains with nearly the same fraction, each of which is isotypic to Al{sub 7}C{sub 3}N{sub 3} with space group P6{sub 3}mc. The existence of another new oxycarbonitride (Al{sub 6.6}Si{sub 1.4})(O{sub 0.7}C{sub 4.3}N{sub 2.0}), which must be homeotypic to Al{sub 8}C{sub 3}N{sub 4}, has been also demonstrated by XRPD and TEM. - Graphical abstract: A new oxycarbonitride discovered in the Al-Si-O-C-N system, (Al{sub 7-x}Si{sub x})(O{sub y}C{sub z}N{sub 6-y-z}) (x{approx}1.2, y{approx}1.0 and z{approx}3.5). The crystal is composed of four types of domains (I, II, III and IV), and hence the structure is represented by a split-atom model. Individual crystal structures can be regarded as layered structures, which consist of A-type [(Al, Si){sub 4}(O, C, N){sub 4}] unit layers and B-type [(Al, Si)(O, C, N){sub 2}] single layers. Highlights: > (Al{sub 5.8}Si{sub 1.2})(O{sub 1.0}C{sub 3.5}N{sub 1.5}) as a new aluminum silicon oxycarbonitride. > Crystal structure is determined and represented by a split-atom model. > Existence of another new oxycarbonitride (Al{sub 6.6}Si{sub 1.4})(O{sub 0.7}C{sub 4.3}N{sub 2.0}) is demonstrated. > Both new materials are formed by oxidation and nitridation of (Al, Si){sub 6}(O, C){sub 5}.
Urushihara, Daisuke; Kaga, Motoaki; Asaka, Toru [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Nakano, Hiromi [Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan); Fukuda, Koichiro, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan)
REAR-SIDE POINT-CONTACTS BY INLINE THERMAL EVAPORATION OF ALUMINUM Christoph Mader
REAR-SIDE POINT-CONTACTS BY INLINE THERMAL EVAPORATION OF ALUMINUM Christoph Mader 1 , Jens Müller of point-contacted aluminum rear-sides for silicon solar cells that are metalized by inline thermal evaporation. We deposit aluminum layers of 2 µm thickness at dynamic deposition rates of 1.0, 2.9 and 5.0 µm
A perturbation analysis of the unstable plastic flow pattern evolution in an aluminum alloy
A perturbation analysis of the unstable plastic flow pattern evolution in an aluminum alloy Seung Abstract In the tensile loading of sheet metals made from some polycrystalline aluminum alloys, a single in the uniaxial tension of polycrystalline aluminum alloys with periodic stress relaxations depends
Tong, Wei
Decontamination and reuse of ORGDP aluminum scrap
The Gaseous Diffusion Plants, or GDPs, have significant amounts of a number of metals, including nickel, aluminum, copper, and steel. Aluminum was used extensively throughout the GDPs because of its excellent strength to weight ratios and good resistance to corrosion by UF{sub 6}. This report is concerned with the recycle of aluminum stator and rotor blades from axial compressors. Most of the stator and rotor blades were made from 214-X aluminum casting alloy. Used compressor blades were contaminated with uranium both as a result of surface contamination and as an accumulation held in surface-connected voids inside of the blades. A variety of GDP studies were performed to evaluate the amounts of uranium retained in the blades; the volume, area, and location of voids in the blades; and connections between surface defects and voids. Based on experimental data on deposition, uranium content of the blades is 0.3%, or roughly 200 times the value expected from blade surface area. However, this value does correlate with estimated internal surface area and with lengthy deposition times. Based on a literature search, it appears that gaseous decontamination or melt refining using fluxes specific for uranium removal have the potential for removing internal contamination from aluminum blades. A melt refining process was used to recycle blades during the 1950s and 1960s. The process removed roughly one-third of the uranium from the blades. Blade cast from recycled aluminum appeared to perform as well as blades from virgin material. New melt refining and gaseous decontamination processes have been shown to provide substantially better decontamination of pure aluminum. If these techniques can be successfully adapted to treat aluminum 214-X alloy, internal and, possibly, external reuse of aluminum alloys may be possible.
Compere, A.L.; Griffith, W.L.; Hayden, H.W.; Wilson, D.F.
Electrodeposition of magnesium and magnesium/aluminum alloys
Electrolytes and plating solutions for use in processes for electroplating and electroforming pure magnesium and alloys of aluminum and magnesium and also electrodeposition processes. An electrolyte of this invention is comprised of an alkali metal fluoride or a quaternary ammonium halide, dimethyl magnesium and/or diethyl magnesium, and triethyl aluminum and/or triisobutyl aluminum. An electrolyte may be dissolved in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to form a plating solution. The proportions of the component compounds in the electrolyte are varied to produce essentially pure magnesium or magnesium/aluminum alloys having varying selected compositions.
Mayer, A.
Mayer, Anton (Los Alamos, NM)
Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (Energy-SMARRT): Light Metals Permanent Mold Casting
Current vehicles use mostly ferrous components for structural applications. It is possible to reduce the weight of the vehicle by substituting these parts with those made from light metals such as aluminum and magnesium. Many alloys and manufacturing processes can be used to produce these light metal components and casting is known to be most economical. One of the high integrity casting processes is permanent mold casting which is the focus of this research report. Many aluminum alloy castings used in automotive applications are produced by the sand casting process. Also, aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloys are the most widely used alloy systems for automotive applications. It is possible that by using high strength aluminum alloys based on an aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) system and permanent mold casting, the performance of these components can be enhanced significantly. This will also help to further reduce the weight. However, many technological obstacles need to be overcome before using these alloys in automotive applications in an economical way. There is very limited information in the open literature on gravity and low-pressure permanent mold casting of high strength aluminum alloys. This report summarizes the results and issues encountered during the casting trials of high strength aluminum alloy 206.0 (Al-Cu alloy) and moderate strength alloy 535.0 (Al-Mg alloy). Five engineering components were cast by gravity tilt-pour or low pressure permanent mold casting processes at CanmetMATERIALS (CMAT) and two production foundries. The results of the casting trials show that high integrity engineering components can be produced successfully from both alloys if specific processing parameters are used. It was shown that a combination of melt processing and mold temperature is necessary for the elimination of hot tears in both alloys.
Fasoyinu, Yemi [CanmetMATERIALS] [CanmetMATERIALS
ATOMIC-LAYER-DEPOSITED ALUMINUM OXIDE FOR THE SURFACE PASSIVATION OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY SILICON SOLAR to those measured on reference cells passivated by an aluminum-annealed thermal SiO2, while those of the Al of aluminum ox- ide (Al2O3) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) pro- vide an excellent level of sur
In situ metal-organic chemical vapor deposition atomic-layer deposition of aluminum oxide on GaAs using trimethyaluminum
IPA is chosen as the oxygen source for the ALD in the MOCVD. Second, IPA will not react precursor pulse time. b Dependence of ALD Al2O3 growth rate on temperature. The pulse time for TMA and IPA
Modeling the Effect of Finite-Rate Hydrogen Diffusion on Porosity Formation in Aluminum Alloys
Modeling the Effect of Finite-Rate Hydrogen Diffusion on Porosity Formation in Aluminum Alloys KENT of hydrogen in the melt is developed to predict pore formation during the solidification of aluminum alloys by Lee et al.[3] Recent examples of porosity models for aluminum alloy castings, including the effect
Beckermann, Christoph
ccsd-00002835,version2-14Sep2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces
ccsd-00002835,version2-14Sep2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces Damien experimental light scattering measurements from aluminum surfaces obtained by cold rolling. We show that our-polarized electromagnetic wave (632.8 nanometers) from a rough aluminum alloy plate (Al 5182). The latter was obtained
Boyer, Edmond
Rapid communication Quantication of ve-and six-coordinated aluminum ions in
Rapid communication Quanti®cation of ®ve- and six-coordinated aluminum ions in aluminosilicate, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA Received 5 May 2000 Abstract Aluminum cation sites with ®ve (5 Al) or six (6 in a calcium-aluminosilicate glass without excess aluminum over charge-balancing cations, and quantify small
Puglisi, Joseph
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. ???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, Estimating mineral aerosol iron and aluminum1
and aluminum1 solubility from particle size using diffusion-controlled2 and surface [Jickells et al., 2005].34 Aluminum, on the other hand, is not found to be an important nutrient chemistry compared to Fe, aluminum has been used as a39 tracer for quantifying the dust deposition
Zender, Charles
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum aa2024 joints Sample Search Results
AlGaAs with a nominal aluminum con- centration of 5% and identify individual Source: Smith, Arthur R.- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University Collection:...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum tolerance genes Sample Search...
expression and soil aluminum tolerance Summary: to exhibit enhanced tolerance to Al, alfalfa was engineered by introducing the CS gene controlled... that were more...
E-Print Network 3.0 - automotive aluminum alloys Sample Search...
aluminium (Al) alloys, relatively high... of an aluminum alloy 1570 subjected to severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion. Phys. Met. Metallogr... | Published 7 Sep...
Aluminum-lithium alloys -- the next generation
The advantages of aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys, such as low density and high modulus, have been well documented in the last 15 years, but their impact on the aerospace market has fallen short of initial expectations. However, vacuum refining processes have now been developed at Comalco Aluminium Ltd., Melbourne, Australia, that provide improved mechanical properties. In addition, the patented technology allows higher levels of lithium, which results in higher stiffness and lower densities. For example, alloys with 3.3% lithium and very low amounts of hydrogen and alkali metal impurities demonstrate good mechanical properties. It also exhibits good weldability, as shown in results of varestraint'' testing, which evaluates the tendency to crack during welding. The high purity of these VacLite alloys ensures that grain boundary fracture is minimized, and cleavage fracture is reduced almost to the limit of detectability. Furthermore, advanced vacuum techniques using electron beam melting at 10[sup [minus]5] torr may eventually reduce impurities to a level at which fracture occurs only in a ductile, transgranular manner.
Webster, D. (Advanced Material Development, Saratoga, CA (United States))
Corrosion of MA754 and MA956 in a Commercial Aluminum Melter
The University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center is working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to test two oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys that could be used to construct very high-temperature heat recuperators for the aluminum-melting industry. For the initial tests, uncooled rings of MA754 and MA956 piping were exposed for 5 months to gases leaving an aluminum melter furnace at 1200 1290 C. The MA956 suffered spotty areas of severe corrosion and lost 25% of its weight. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there were small spots of alkali-rich corrosion products on the alloy surfaces, indicating the impact of droplets of fluxing agents. The corrosion products in these areas were mixed Fe, Cr, and Al oxides, which were depleted in Cr near the gas surface. However, Al concentrations in the remaining metal were typically between 3.5% and 4.0%, so there was a sufficient reservoir of Al remaining in the alloy to prevent simple breakaway corrosion which could have occurred if the Al were significantly depleted. The MA754 lost approximately 15% of its weight and showed void formation within 2 mm of the gas metal surfaces. Within the porous area, the Cr had largely segregated into oxide precipitates up to 50 9m in diameter, leaving the remaining metal Ni-rich. Below the porous layer, the alloy composition was relatively unchanged. Remains of Na- and Al-rich particles that had impacted the surface sporadically were visible but had not obviously affected the surface scale as they had with the MA956.
Hurley, John P. [University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center] [University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center; Kelley, Carl [Nature�s Fuel, 410 East Cook Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46825, USA] [Nature�s Fuel, 410 East Cook Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46825, USA; Bornstein, Norman S. [Consultant] [Consultant; Wright, Ian G [ORNL] [ORNL
Chemical vapor deposition of aluminum oxide
An aluminum oxide film is deposited on a heated substrate by CVD from one or more alkylaluminum alkoxide compounds having composition R.sub.n Al.sub.2 (OR').sub.6-n, wherein R and R' are alkyl groups and n is in the range of 1 to 5.
Gordon, Roy (Cambridge, MA); Kramer, Keith (Cleveland, OH); Liu, Xinye (Cambridge, MA)
Localized electrons in the metallic phase of the two-dimensional electron system at ,,Al,Ga...As-GaAs heterojunctions
Localized electrons in the metallic phase of the two-dimensional electron system at ,,Al, United Kingdom Received 29 October 1996 Using the effect of electron focusing we measure the Fermi wave vector of the delocalized electrons in a two-dimensional 2D electron system. After obtaining the total
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München
Tailoring plasmon resonances in the deep-ultraviolet by size-tunable fabrication of aluminum nanostructures
Localized surface plasmon resonances were controlled at deep-ultraviolet (DUV) wavelengths by fabricating aluminum (Al) nanostructures in a size-controllable manner. Plasmon resonances were obtained at wavelengths from near-UV down to 270 nm (4.6 eV) depending on the fabricated structure size. Such precise size control was realized by the nanosphere lithography technique combined with additional microwave heating to shrink the spaces in a close-packed monolayer of colloidal nanosphere masks. By adjusting the microwave heating time, the sizes of the Al nanostructures could be controlled from 80 nm to 50 nm without the need to use nanosphere beads of different sizes. With the outstanding controllability and versatility of the presented fabrication technique, the fabricated Al nanostructure is promising for use as a DUV plasmonic substrate, a light-harvesting platform for mediating strong light-matter interactions between UV photons and molecules placed near the metal nanostructure.
Taguchi, Atsushi [Nanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Saito, Yuika; Watanabe, Koichi; Yijian, Song [Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Kawata, Satoshi [Nanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)
Synthesis and structural characterization of Al{sub 4}Si{sub 2}C{sub 5}-homeotypic aluminum silicon oxycarbide, (Al{sub 6-x}Si{sub x})(O{sub y}C{sub 5-y}) (x{approx}0.8 and y{approx}1.6)
We have prepared a new layered oxycarbide, [Al{sub 5.25(5)}Si{sub 0.75(5)}][O{sub 1.60(7)}C{sub 3.40(7)}], by isothermal heating of (Al{sub 4.4}Si{sub 0.6})(O{sub 1.0}C{sub 3.0}) at 2273 K near the carbon-carbon monoxide buffer. The crystal structure was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The title compound is trigonal with space group R3m (centrosymmetric), Z=3, and hexagonal cell dimensions a=0.32464(2) nm, c=4.00527(14) nm and V=0.36556(3) nm{sup 3}. The atom ratios Al:Si were determined by EDX, and the initial structural model was derived by the direct methods. The final structural model showed the positional disordering of one of the three types of Al/Si sites. The reliability indices were R{sub wp}=4.45% (S=1.30), R{sub p}=3.48%, R{sub B}=2.27% and R{sub F}=1.25%. The crystal is composed of three types of domains with nearly the same fraction, one of which has the crystal structure of space group R3-bar m. The crystal structure of the remaining two domains, which are related by pseudo-symmetry inversion, is noncentrosymmetric with space group R3m. - Graphical Abstract: A new aluminum silicon oxycarbide, (Al{sub 6-x}Si{sub x})(O{sub y}C{sub 5-y}) (x{approx}0.8 and y{approx}1.6). The crystal is composed of three types of domains (I, II and III), and hence the structure is represented by a split-atom model. Individual crystal structures can be regarded as layered structures, which consist of A-type [(Al,Si){sub 4}(O,C){sub 4}] unit layers and B-type [(Al,Si)(O,C){sub 2}] single layers.
Kaga, Motoaki; Urushihara, Daisuke; Iwata, Tomoyuki; Sugiura, Keita [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Nakano, Hiromi [Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan); Fukuda, Koichiro, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan)
SCIENCE CAREER Al nanoclusters in coagulants and granulates: application
SCIENCE CAREER Al nanoclusters in coagulants and granulates: application in arsenic removal from suitable for arsenic removal. The aluminum nanocl- usters Al13 (AlO4Al12(OH)24H2O12 7? ) and Al30 (Al2O8Al coagulant or in Al granulate during water treatment. Keywords Arsenic Á Water treatment Á Al nanoclusters Á
Wehrli, Bernhard
THE THERMAL EXPANSION OF THE DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Al-CuAl2 EUTECTIC
standard linear solid model, which works well for the Al-the aluminum solid solution is known to work hard- en as it
Baker, Dennis Frank
Excimer laser interactions with an aluminum alloy
An AlCuMg alloy was irradiated using a KrF pulsed excimer laser. A microstructural study showed the presence of a laser treated zone having a uniform depth of approximately 20 {micro}m. The surface layer of the laser treated aluminum alloy exhibited a wavy topography and its surface roughness was found to depend on the number of laser pulses per step. A X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of aluminum oxides and nitrides on the surface of the laser irradiated specimens. Corrosion measurements showed that the laser treated aluminum alloy exhibited a higher corrosion resistance. The corrosion behavior of the irradiated specimens is related to the energy density of the incident laser pulses.
Koutsomichalis, A.; Kefalidou, A. [National Technical Univ. of Athens (Greece). Lab. of Physical Metallurgy
Lithium-aluminum-carbonate-hydroxide hydrate coatings on aluminum alloys: Composition, structure, and processing bath chemistry
A new corrosion resistant coating, being designed for possible replacement of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum alloys, was investigated for composition, structure, and solubility using a variety of techniques. The stoichiometry of the material, prepared by immersion of 1100 Al alloy into a lithium carbonate-lithium hydroxide solution, was approximately Li{sub 2}Al{sub 4}CO{sub 3}(OH){sub 12}{center_dot}3H{sub 2}O. Processing time was shown to be dependent upon the bath pH, and consistent coating formation required supersaturation of the coating bath with aluminum. The exact crystal structure of this hydrotalcite material, hexagonal or monoclinic, was not determined. It was shown that both the bulk material and coatings with the same nominal composition and crystal structure could be formed by precipitation from an aluminum supersatured solution of lithium carbonate. {copyright} {ital 1996 Materials Research Society.}
Drewien, C.A.; Eatough, M.O.; Tallant, D.R.; Hills, C.R.; Buchheit, R.G. [Materials and Process Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States)
Atomic layer deposition of Hf{sub x}Al{sub y}C{sub z} as a work function material in metal gate MOS devices
As advanced silicon semiconductor devices are transitioning from planar to 3D structures, new materials and processes are needed to control the device characteristics. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Hf{sub x}Al{sub y}C{sub z} films using hafnium chloride and trimethylaluminum precursors was combined with postdeposition anneals and ALD liners to control the device characteristics in high-k metal-gate devices. Combinatorial process methods and technologies were employed for rapid electrical and materials characterization of various materials stacks. The effective work function in metal�oxide�semiconductor capacitor devices with the Hf{sub x}Al{sub y}C{sub z} layer coupled with an ALD HfO{sub 2} dielectric was quantified to be mid-gap at ?4.6?eV. Thus, Hf{sub x}Al{sub y}C{sub z} is a promising metal gate work function material that allows for the tuning of device threshold voltages (V{sub th}) for anticipated multi-V{sub th} integrated circuit devices.
Lee, Albert, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Fuchigami, Nobi; Pisharoty, Divya; Hong, Zhendong; Haywood, Ed; Joshi, Amol; Mujumdar, Salil; Bodke, Ashish; Karlsson, Olov [Intermolecular, 3011 North First Street, San Jose, California 95134 (United States); Kim, Hoon; Choi, Kisik [GLOBALFOUNDRIES Technology Research Group, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12309 (United States); Besser, Paul [GLOBALFOUNDRIES, 1050 East Arques, Sunnyvale, California 94085 (United States)
Aluminum Solubility in Complex Electrolytes - 13011
Predicting aluminum solubility for Hanford and Savannah River waste liquids is very important for their disposition. It is a key mission goal at each Site to leach as much aluminum as practical from sludges in order to minimize the amount of vitrified high level waste. And it is correspondingly important to assure that any soluble aluminum does not precipitate during subsequent decontamination of the liquid leachates with ion exchange. This report shows a very simple and yet thermodynamic model for aluminum solubility that is consistent with a wide range of Al liquors, from simple mixtures of hydroxide and aluminate to over 300 Hanford concentrates and to a set of 19 Bayer liquors for temperatures from 20-100 deg. C. This dimer-dS{sub mix} (DDS) model incorporates an ideal entropy of mixing along with previous reports for the Al dimer, water activities, gibbsite, and bayerite thermodynamics. We expect this model will have broad application for nuclear wastes as well as the Bayer gibbsite process industry. (authors)
Agnew, S.F. [Columbia Energy and Environmental Services, Inc., 1806 Terminal Dr., Richland, WA 99354 (United States)] [Columbia Energy and Environmental Services, Inc., 1806 Terminal Dr., Richland, WA 99354 (United States); Johnston, C.T. [Dept. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (United States)] [Dept. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (United States)
Aluminum and silica intake in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings of the
Aluminum and silica intake in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive,2 , Commenges Daniel1,2 , Helmer Catherine2,3 , Jean-François Dartigues2,3 . Abbreviations: Al, Aluminum; AD, Alzheimer's Disease; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; Si, Silica Running head: Aluminum, silica in water
DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS OF 25 mm ALUMINUM COLLARS
MEASUREMENTS OF 25 mm ALUMINUM COLLARS� C. Peters LawrenceMEASUREMENTS OF 25 mm ALUMINUM COLLARS" C. Peters Lawrenceinch thick 7075- T6 aluminum alloy plate. Inside corners
Peters, C.
Kinetics of aluminum fluoride complexation in acidic waters
Acidic deposition has an important effect on the transport and speciation of soluble aluminum. Toxicity of aqueous aluminum seems to be strongly dependent on aluminum speciation and the presence of complexing ligands such as fluoride. A study is reported of the complex formation kinetics of AlF/sup 2 +/ in the environmentally significant pH range 2.9-4.9. The pH and temperature dependencies of the overall rate of reaction are discussed along with environmental implications for areas subjected to acidic deposition. 22 references, 6 figures, 4 tables.
Plankey, B.J.; Patterson, H.H.; Cronan, C.S.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of boron aluminum hydride cluster anions
Boron aluminum hydride clusters are studied through a synergetic combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory based calculations. Boron aluminum hydride cluster anions, B{sub x}Al{sub y}H{sub z}{sup ?}, were generated in a pulsed arc cluster ionization source and identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After mass selection, their photoelectron spectra were measured by a magnetic bottle-type electron energy analyzer. The resultant photoelectron spectra as well as calculations on a selected series of stoichiometries reveal significant geometrical changes upon substitution of aluminum atoms by boron atoms.
Wang, Haopeng; Zhang, Xinxing; Ko, Yeon Jae; Gantefoer, Gerd; Bowen, Kit H., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (United States); Li, Xiang [Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland�Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 (United States)] [Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland�Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 (United States); Kiran, Boggavarapu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry and Physics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry and Physics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609 (United States); Kandalam, Anil K. [Department of Physics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383 (United States)] [Department of Physics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383 (United States)
EFFECTS OF ION IRRADIATION ON Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 (BAM-11) BULK METALLIC GLASS
Bulk metallic glasses are intriguing candidates for nuclear applications due to their inherent amorphous structure, but their radiation response is largely unknown due to the relatively recent nature of innovations in bulk metallic glass fabrication. Here, microstructural and mechanical property evaluations have been performed on a Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass (BAM-11) irradiated with 3 MeV Ni+ ions to 0.1 and 1.0 dpa at room temperature and 200 C. Nanoindentation hardness and Young s modulus both decreased by 6 to 20% in samples irradiated at room temperature, with the sample irradiated to 1.0 dpa experiencing the greatest change in mechanical properties. However, no significant changes in properties were observed in the samples irradiated at 200 C, and transmission electron microscopy showed no visible evidence of radiation damage or crystallization following ion irradiation at any of the tested conditions. These results suggest that BAM-11 bulk metallic glass may be useful for certain applications in nuclear environments.
Perez-Bergquist, Alex G [ORNL] [ORNL; Bei, Hongbin [ORNL] [ORNL; Leonard, Keith J [ORNL] [ORNL; Zhang, Yanwen [ORNL] [ORNL; Zinkle, Steven J [ORNL] [ORNL
A workshop was held on January 23-24, 2007 to discuss the status of processes to leach constituents from High Level Waste (HLW) sludges at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites. The objective of the workshop was to examine the needs and requirements for the HLW flowsheet for each site, discuss the status of knowledge of the leaching processes, communicate the research plans, and identify opportunities for synergy to address knowledge gaps. The purpose of leaching of non-radioactive constituents from the sludge waste is to reduce the burden of material that must be vitrified in the HLW melter systems, resulting in reduced HLW glass waste volume, reduced disposal costs, shorter process schedules, and higher facility throughput rates. The leaching process is estimated to reduce the operating life cycle of SRS by seven years and decrease the number of HLW canisters to be disposed in the Repository by 1000 [Gillam et al., 2006]. Comparably at Hanford, the aluminum and chromium leaching processes are estimated to reduce the operating life cycle of the Waste Treatment Plant by 20 years and decrease the number of canisters to the Repository by 15,000-30,000 [Gilbert, 2007]. These leaching processes will save the Department of Energy (DOE) billions of dollars in clean up and disposal costs. The primary constituents targeted for removal by leaching are aluminum and chromium. It is desirable to have some aluminum in glass to improve its durability; however, too much aluminum can increase the sludge viscosity, glass viscosity, and reduce overall process throughput. Chromium leaching is necessary to prevent formation of crystalline compounds in the glass, but is only needed at Hanford because of differences in the sludge waste chemistry at the two sites. Improving glass formulations to increase tolerance of aluminum and chromium is another approach to decrease HLW glass volume. It is likely that an optimum condition can be found by both performing leaching and improving formulations. Disposal of the resulting aluminum and chromium-rich streams are different at the two sites, with vitrification into Low Activity Waste (LAW) glass at Hanford, and solidification in Saltstone at SRS. Prior to disposal, the leachate solutions must be treated to remove radionuclides, resulting in increased operating costs and extended facility processing schedules. Interim storage of leachate can also add costs and delay tank closure. Recent projections at Hanford indicate that up to 40,000 metric tons of sodium would be needed to dissolve the aluminum and maintain it in solution, which nearly doubles the amount of sodium in the entire current waste tank inventory. This underscores the dramatic impact that the aluminum leaching can have on the entire system. A comprehensive view of leaching and the downstream impacts must therefore be considered prior to implementation. Many laboratory scale tests for aluminum and chromium dissolution have been run on Hanford wastes, with samples from 46 tanks tested. Three samples from SRS tanks have been tested, out of seven tanks containing high aluminum sludge. One full-scale aluminum dissolution was successfully performed on waste at SRS in 1982, but generated a very large quantity of liquid waste ({approx}3,000,000 gallons). No large-scale tests have been done on Hanford wastes. Although the data to date give a generally positive indication that aluminum dissolution will work, many issues remain, predominantly because of variable waste compositions and changes in process conditions, downstream processing, or storage limitations. Better approaches are needed to deal with the waste volumes and limitations on disposal methods. To develop a better approach requires a more extensive understanding of the kinetics of dissolution, as well as the factors that effect rates, effectiveness, and secondary species. Models of the dissolution rate that have been developed are useful, but suffer from limitations on applicable compositional ranges, mineral phases, and particle properties that are difficult to measure. The experimental
McCabe, D; Jeff Pike, J; Bill Wilmarth, B
Wetting of Sodium on ??-Al2O3/YSZ Composites for Low Temperature Planar Sodium-Metal Halide Batteries
Wetting of Na on B�-Al2O3/YSZ composites was investigated using the sessile drop technique. The effects of moisture and surface preparation were studied at low temperatures. Electrical conductivity of Na/B�-Al2O3-YSZ/Na cells was also investigated at low temperatures and correlated to the wetting behavior. The use of planar B�-Al2O3 substrates at low temperature with low cost polymeric seals is realized due to improved wetting at low temperature and conductivity values consistent with the literature.
Reed, David M.; Coffey, Greg W.; Mast, Eric S.; Canfield, Nathan L.; Mansurov, Jirgal; Lu, Xiaochuan; Sprenkle, Vincent L.
Non-LTE Abundances of Magnesium, Aluminum and Sulfur in OB Stars Near the Solar Circle
Non-LTE abundances of magnesium, aluminum and sulfur are derived for a sample of 23 low-v \\sin i stars belonging to six northern OB associations of the Galactic disk within 1 kpc of the Sun. The abundances are obtained from the fitting of synthetic line profiles to high resolution spectra. A comparison of our results with HII region abundances indicates good agreement for sulfur while the cepheid abundances are higher. The derived abundances of Mg show good overlap with the cepheid results. The aluminum abundances for OB stars are significantly below the cepheid values. But, the OB star results show a dependence with effective temperature and need further investigation. The high Al abundances in the cepheids could be the result of mixing. A discussion of the oxygen abundance in objects near the solar circle suggests that the current mean galactic oxygen abundance in this region is 8.6-8.7 and in agreement with the recently revised oxygen abundance in the solar photosphere. Meaningful comparisons of the absolute S, Al and Mg abundances in OB stars with the Sun must await a reinvestigation of these elements, as well as the meteoritic reference element Si, with 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres for the Sun. No abundance gradients are found within the limited range in galactocentric distances in the present study. Such variations would be expected only if there were large metallicity gradients in the disk.
S. Daflon; K. Cunha; V. V. Smith; K. Butler
Gas-tungsten arc welding of aluminum alloys
A gas-tungsten arc welding method for joining together structures formed of aluminum alloy with these structures disposed contiguously to a heat-damagable substrate of a metal dissimilar to the aluminum alloy. The method of the present invention is practiced by diamond machining the fay surfaces of the aluminum alloy structures to provide a mirror finish thereon having a surface roughness in the order of about one microinch. The fay surfaces are aligned and heated sufficiently by the tungsten electrode to fuse the aluminum alloy contiguous to the fay surfaces to effect the weld joint. The heat input used to provide an oxide-free weld is significantly less than that required if the fay surfaces were prepared by using conventional chemical and mechanical practices.
Frye, Lowell D. (Kingston, TN)
The present invention is directed to a gas-tungsten arc welding method for joining together structures formed of aluminum alloy with these structures disposed contiguously to a heat-damagable substrate of a metal dissimilar to the aluminum alloy. The method of the present invention is practiced by diamond machining the fay surfaces of the aluminum alloy structures to profice a mirror finish thereon having a surface roughness in the order of about one microinch. The fay surface are aligned and heated sufficiently by the tungsten electrode to fuse the aluminum alloy continguous to the fay surfaces to effect the weld joint. The heat input used to provide an oxide-free weld is significantly less than that required if the fay surfaces were prepared by using conventional chemical and mechanical practices.
Frye, L.D.
Cost-Effective Consolidation of Fine Aluminum Scrap for Increased Remelting Effieciency
The main objective of this research was to develop a new re-melting process for fine or light gauge aluminum scrap products that exhibits dramatic improvements in energy efficiency. Light gauge aluminum scrap in the form of chips, turnings, and borings has historically been underutilized in the aluminum recycling process due to its high surface area to volume ratio resulting in low melt recovery. Laboratory scale consolidation experiments were performed using loose aluminum powder as a modeling material as well as shredded aluminum wire scrap. The processing parameters necessary to create consolidated aluminum material were determined. Additionally, re-melting experiments using consolidated and unconsolidated aluminum powder confirmed the hypothesis that metal recovery using consolidated material will significantly improve by as much as 20%. Based on this research, it is estimated that approximately 495 billion Btu/year can be saved by implementation of this technology in one domestic aluminum rolling plant alone. The energy savings are realized by substituting aluminum scrap for primary aluminum, which requires large amounts of energy to produce. While there will be an initial capital investment, companies will benefit from the reduction of dependence on primary aluminum thus saving considerable costs. Additionally, the technology will allow companies to maintain in-house alloy scrap, rather than purchasing from other vendors and eliminate the need to discard the light gauge scrap to landfills.
William Van Geertruyden
Combustion of Nano-Aluminum and Liquid Water G.A. Risha, S.F. Son
1 Combustion of Nano-Aluminum and Liquid Water G.A. Risha, S.F. Son , R.A. Yetter, V. Yang, and B: Supplemental materials submitted #12;2 Combustion of Nano-Aluminum and Liquid Water G.A. Risha, S.F. Son, R of nano-aluminum (nAl) and liquid water has been conducted. In particular, linear and mass-burning rates
Yang, Vigor
Aluminum battery alloys
Aluminum alloys suitable for use as anode structures in electrochemical cells are disclosed. These alloys include iron levels higher than previously felt possible, due to the presence of controlled amounts of manganese, with possible additions of magnesium and controlled amounts of gallium.
Thompson, D.S.; Scott, D.H.
Aluminum alloys suitable for use as anode structures in electrochemical cs are disclosed. These alloys include iron levels higher than previously felt possible, due to the presence of controlled amounts of manganese, with possible additions of magnesium and controlled amounts of gallium.
Thompson, David S. (Richmond, VA); Scott, Darwin H. (Mechanicsville, VA)
Lightweight Aluminum/Nano composites for Automotive Drive Train Applications
During Phase I, we successfully processed air atomized aluminum powders via Dynamic Magnetic Compaction (DMC) pressing and subsequent sintering to produce parts with properties similar to wrought aluminum. We have also showed for the first time that aluminum powders can be processed without lubes via press and sintering to 100 % density. This will preclude a delube cycle in sintering and promote environmentally friendly P/M processing. Processing aluminum powders via press and sintering with minimum shrinkage will enable net shape fabrication. Aluminum powders processed via a conventional powder metallurgy process produce too large a shrinkage. Because of this, sinter parts have to be machined into specific net shape. This results in increased scrap and cost. Fully sintered aluminum alloy under this Phase I project has shown good particle-to-particle bonding and mechanical properties. We have also shown the feasibility of preparing nano composite powders and processing via pressing and sintering. This was accomplished by dispersing nano silicon carbide (SiC) powders into aluminum matrix comprising micron-sized powders (<100 microns) using a proprietary process. These composite powders of Al with nano SiC were processed using DMC press and sinter process to sinter density of 85-90%. The process optimization along with sintering needs to be carried out to produce full density composites.
Chelluri, Bhanumathi; Knoth, Edward A.; Schumaker, Edward J.
Pure Aluminum as the Anode in Top Emission OLED Xiao-Ming Yu, Hua-Jun Peng, Xiu-Ling Zhu, Jia-Xin Sun,
Pure Aluminum as the Anode in Top Emission OLED Xiao-Ming Yu, Hua-Jun Peng, Xiu-Ling Zhu, Jia (TOLED) with pure aluminum metal layer as the bottom anode has been fabricated. The brightness as high as that of the TOLED with additional high work function silver deposited on aluminum as the anode
Differences of growth response to aluminum excess of two Melaleuca trees differing in aluminum resistance
M, Yamanoshita T, Kojima K. , Role of aluminum-bindingligands in aluminum resistance of Eucalyptus camaldulensissoils, low pH and excess aluminum are the primary factors
Houman, Yoshifumi; Tahara, Ko; Shinmachi, Fumie; Noguchi, Akira; Satohiko, Sasaki; Hasegawa, Isao
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum 6111-t4 sheets Sample Search Results
A MetalPolysilicon Damascene Gate Technology Summary: conductivity, such as aluminum or copper, enabling a gate sheet-resistance that is far lower than can... to that of...
888Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid�and aserosol.�
Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles Areiron, nickel, aluminum, and silicate and nanoparticles (,100The presence of metal and silicate particles in cartomizer
Talbot, Prue
aluminum matrix composites: Topics by E-print Network
... ...... ..... ... . . 3 Conventional Aluminum Brazing ... 4 Aluminum Composite Joining ... 5 Aluminum Joining by Unconventional Methods Eagar, Thomas W. 2...
The Metabolism of Aluminum Citrate and Biosynthesis of Oxalic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens
bioavailability of aluminum triggered by in- dustrialization and acid rain [20]. The presence of organic acidsThe Metabolism of Aluminum Citrate and Biosynthesis of Oxalic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens Vasu-citrate) was metabolized intracellularly and that oxalic acid was an important product in the Al-stressed cells
Appanna, Vasu
Corrosion of aluminum-uranium alloys in water vapor at 200 C
Specimens of aluminum-uranium alloys at 10 and 18 wt.% uranium were exposed to a saturated water vapor condition at 200 C up to about 12 weeks and compared to previous results for aluminum 1100. The aluminum-uranium materials exhibited a range of initial corrosion rates and approached similar rates with the formation of a passive film of boehmite (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center{underscore}dot}H{sub 2}O). The initial corrosion rates of the aluminum-uranium materials were one to four times higher than that for aluminum 1100. It is postulated that a micro-galvanic coupling between the large UAl{sub 4} particles and the aluminum matrix has caused this difference. Sectioning the exposed specimens shows different characteristics of the oxide layers. In the oxide on the aluminum-10% uranium alloy (Al-10%U), small uranium aluminide particles can be seen in a boehmite matrix and do not seem to be corroded. The oxide film on the aluminum-18% uranium alloy (Al-18%U) appears to have two distinct oxide layers. The outer layer has mass aggregates in a boehmite matrix, while the inner layer contains UAl{sub 4} particles as in the case of Al-10%U.
Lam, P.S.; Sindelar, R.L.; Barrett, K.Y.
Corrosion of Aluminum-Uranium Alloys in Water Vapor at 200\\260C
Coupons of aluminum-uranium alloys at 10 and 18 weight percent were exposed to a saturated water vapor condition at 200 degrees C up to about 1500 hours and compared to previous results for aluminum 1100. The aluminum-uranium materials exhibited a range of initial corrosion rates and approached similar rates with the formation of a passive film of boehmite (Al2O3oH2O). The cast and extruded 10 percent uranium, having a primary aluminum-eutectic microstructure, was more corrosion resistant than the 18% cast and extruded. The initial corrosion rates of the aluminum-uranium materials were one to four times higher than that for aluminum 1100. It is postulated that a micro-galvanic coupling between the large UAl4 particles and the aluminum matrix has caused the variation. Sectioning the exposed specimens shows different characteristics of the oxide layers. In the case of the cast and extruded Al-10 percent U alloy, small uranium aluminide particles can be seen in the boehmite matrix and do not seem to be corroded. The oxide film of the Al-18 percent U alloy appears to have two distinct oxide layers. The outer layer has mass aggregates formed in the aluminum oxide matrix, while the inner layer contains UAl4 particles as in the case of Al-10 percent U
Lam, P.S.
Process for the synthesis of nanophase dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy
A process for fabricating dispersion-strengthened ceramic-metal composites is claimed. The process comprises in-situ interaction and chemical reaction of a metal in gaseous form with a ceramic producer in plasma form. Such composites can be fabricated with macroscopic dimensions. Special emphasis is placed on fabrication of dispersion-strengthened aluminum oxide-aluminum composites, which can exhibit flow stresses more characteristic of high strength steel.
Barbour, John C. (Albuquerque, NM); Knapp, James Arthur (Albuquerque, NM); Follstaedt, David Martin (Albuquerque, NM); Myers, Samuel Maxwell (Albuquerque, NM)
Corrosion resistance of transition material clips for joining aluminum to steel
Transition materials are clad metals that are designed to interface between dissimilar metals to reduce galvanic corrosion. This paper describes the use of steel clad aluminum clips which can be placed over aluminum sheet allowing it to be fastened to steel. Results of cyclic salt spray tests are presented. Thickness loss measurements were used to measure the reduction in galvanic corrosion provided by the transition material.
Haynes, G. [Texas Instruments Inc., Attleboro, MA (United States). Electrochemical and Corrosion Lab.
Evaluation of the corrosion properties of aluminum alloy 5083 weldments
Susceptibility of the weldment to exfoliation corrosion was evaluated by the Ammonium Salt Solution Exfoliation Test (ASSET). The samples exfoliated in the base metal, but did not exfoliate in the weld metal or the HAZ. The ASSET demonstrates that electron-beam welding the aluminum alloy 5083 reduces the susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion in the HAZ. Two other samples were tested for susceptibility to intergranular corrosion by the Nitric Acid Weight Loss Test (NAWLT). The average weight loss was 167 mg/in./sup 2/ and the loss was associated with the attack that occurred in the base metal. The weld metal and HAZ were essentially unattacked.
Stanaland, V.A.; Dillon, J.J.; Holbert, R.K. Jr.
Dissolved trace metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Al, and Mn) around the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean
of trace elements such as Zn, Co, and Cd may be influenced by complexing ligands [e.g., Zn: Bruland, 1989; Ellwood and van den Berg, 2000; Co: Ellwood and van den Berg, 2001; Saito et al., 2004; Cd: Bruland, 1992
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Thermoelectric properties of lattice-matched AlInN alloy grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Seebeck coefficient and resistance measurement system for thermoelectric materials in the thin diskInN alloy on GaN as excellent material candidate for thermoelectric application. © 2010 American Institute-nitride alloys have shown promising results for thermoelectric applications,2030 in particular for materi- als
Gilchrist, James F.
Thermal coatings for titanium-aluminum alloys
Titanium aluminides and titanium alloys are candidate materials for use in hot structure and heat-shield components of hypersonic vehicles because of their good strength-to-weight characteristics at elevated temperature. However, in order to utilize their maximum temperature capability, they must be coated to resist oxidation and to have a high total remittance. Also, surface catalysis for recombination of dissociated species in the aerodynamic boundary layer must be minimized. Very thin chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coatings are attractive candidates for this application because of durability and very light weight. To demonstrate this concept, coatings of boron-silicon and aluminum-boron-silicon compositions were applied to the titanium-aluminides alpha2 (Ti-14Al-21Nb), super-alpha2 (Ti-14Al-23-Nb-2V), and gamma (Ti-33Al-6Nb-1Ta) and to the titanium alloy beta-21S (Ti-15Mo-3Al-3Nb-0.2Si). Coated specimens of each alloy were subjected to a set of simulated hypersonic vehicle environmental tests to determine their properties of oxidation resistance, surface catalysis, radiative emittance, and thermal shock resistance. Surface catalysis results should be viewed as relative performance only of the several coating-alloy combinations tested under the specific environmental conditions of the LaRC Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System (HYMETS) arc-plasma-heated hypersonic wind tunnel. Tests were also conducted to evaluate the hydrogen transport properties of the coatings and any effects of the coating processing itself on fatigue life of the base alloys. Results are presented for three types of coatings, which are as follows: (1) a single layer boron silicon coating, (2) a single layer aluminum-boron-silicon coating, and (3) a multilayer coating consisting of an aluminum-boron-silicon sublayer with a boron-silicon outer layer.
Cunnington, G.R.; Clark, R.K.; Robinson, J.C.
A sample of tritiated lanthanum nickel aluminum alloy (LaNi4.25Al0.75 or LANA.75) similar to that used at the Savannah River Site Tritium Facilities was analyzed to estimate the particle size distribution of this metal tritide powder and the rate, at which this material dissolves in the human respiratory tract after it is inhaled. This information is used to calculate the committed effective dose received by a worker after inhaling the material. These doses, which were calculated using the same methodology given in the DOE Tritium Handbook, are presented as inhalation intake-to-dose conversion factors (DCF). The DCF for this metal tritide is less than the DCF for tritiated water and radiation worker bioassay programs designed for tritiated water are adequate to monitor for intakes of this material.
Farfan, E.; Labone, T.; Staack, G.; Cheng, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Varallo, T.
A plane stress anisotropic plastic flow theory for orthotropic sheet metals
such as automotive aluminum sheets. As textured sheet metals produced by hot and cold rolling exhibit significant for describing the anisotropic plastic flow of ortho- tropic polycrystalline aluminum sheet metals under plane are applied successfully to describe the anisotropic plastic flow behavior of 10 commercial aluminum alloy
Carbothermic reduction and prereduced charge for producing aluminum-silicon alloys
Disclosed is a method for the carbothermic reduction of aluminum oxide to form an aluminum alloy including producing silicon carbide by heating a first mix of carbon and silicon oxide in a combustion reactor to an elevated temperature sufficient to produce silicon carbide at an accelerated rate, the heating being provided by an in situ combustion with oxygen gas, and then admixing the silicon carbide with carbon and aluminum oxide to form a second mix and heating the second mix in a second reactor to an elevated metal-forming temperature sufficient to produce aluminum-silicon alloy. The prereduction step includes holding aluminum oxide substantially absent from the combustion reactor. The metal-forming step includes feeding silicon oxide in a preferred ratio with silicon carbide.
Stevenson, David T. (Washington Township, Armstrong County, PA); Troup, Robert L. (Murrysville, PA)
Disclosed is a method for the carbothermic reduction of aluminum oxide to form an aluminum alloy including producing silicon carbide by heating a first mix of carbon and silicon oxide in a combustion reactor to an elevated temperature sufficient to produce silicon carbide at an accelerated rate, the heating being provided by an in situ combustion with oxygen gas, and then admixing the silicon carbide with carbon and aluminum oxide to form a second mix and heating the second mix in a second reactor to an elevated metal-forming temperature sufficient to produce aluminum-silicon alloy. The prereduction step includes holding aluminum oxide substantially absent from the combustion reactor. The metal-forming step includes feeding silicon oxide in a preferred ratio with silicon carbide. 1 fig.
Stevenson, D.T.; Troup, R.L.
Method of coating metal surfaces to form protective metal coating thereon
A process is disclosed for forming a protective metal coating on a metal surface using a flux consisting of an alkali metal fluoride, an alkaline earth metal fluoride, an alkali metal fluoaluminate, an alkali metal fluosilicate, and mixtures thereof. The flux, in particulate form, is mixed with particles of a metal coating material which may comprise aluminum, chromium, mixtures thereof, and alloys containing at least 50 wt. % aluminum and the particulate mixture is applied to the metal surface in a single step, followed by heating the coated metal surface to a temperature sufficient to cause the metal coating material to react with the metal surface to form a protective reaction product in the form of a metal coating bonded to the metal surface. The metal surface which reacts with the metal coating material to form the protective coating may comprise Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Hf, Ta, W, Re and alloys thereof. 1 figure.
Krikorian, O.H.; Curtis, P.G.
Growth of Epitaxial gamma-Al2O3 Films on Rigid Single-Crystal Ceramic Substrates and Flexible, Single-Crystal-Like Metallic Substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Epitaxial -Al2O3 thin films were grown on diverse substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The high quality of epitaxial growth and cubic structure of -Al2O3 films was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. SrTiO3 and MgO single crystal substrates were used to optimize the growth conditions for epitaxial -Al2O3 film. Under the optimized conditions, epitaxial -Al2O3 thin films were grown on flexible, single-crystal-like, metallic templates. These included untextured Hastelloy substrates with a biaxially textured MgO layer deposited using ion-beam-assisted-deposition and biaxially textured Ni-W metallic tapes with epitaxially grown and a biaxially textured, MgO buffer layer. These biaxially textured, -Al2O3 films on flexible, single-crystal-like substrates are promising for subsequent epitaxial growth of various complex oxide films used for electrical, magnetic and electronic device applications.
Shin, Junsoo [ORNL; Goyal, Amit [ORNL; Wee, Sung Hun [ORNL
Ignition characteristics of laser-ablated aluminum at shock pressures up to 2?GPa
The ignition of aluminum particles under high pressure and temperature conditions is considered. The laser ablation method is used to generate oxide-free aluminum particles exposed to pressures ranging between 0.35 and 2.2?GPa. A continuous wave CO{sub 2} laser radiation heats the surface of the aluminum target until ignition is observed. We confirm ignition by a spectroscopic analysis of AlO vibronic band of 484?nm wavelength, and the radiant temperature is measured with respect to various pressures for estimating the heating energy for ignition. The ignition characteristics of the oxide-free aluminum particles exposed to extremely high pressures are reported.
Lee, Kyung-Cheol; Young Lee, Jae; Yoh, Jack J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Taira, Tsubasa [Division of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan); Mo Koo, Goon [Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States)
ITP Aluminum: Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Aluminum...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Aluminum Industry ITP Aluminum: Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Aluminum Industry aluminum.pdf More Documents &...
Dissolved and particulate aluminum in the Columbia River and coastal waters of Oregon and Washington: behavior in near-field and far-field plumes
1 Dissolved and particulate aluminum in the Columbia River and coastal waters of Oregon) and particulate (leachable and total) aluminum was examined in the Columbia River and estuary, in near Influence on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) cruise of May/June 2006. Dissolved and particulate aluminum (Al
Hickey, Barbara
Aluminum arsenide cleaved-edge overgrown quantum wires T. Zibold, D. Schuh, M. Bichler, F. Ertl, G. Abstreiter, and M. Grayson
Aluminum arsenide cleaved-edge overgrown quantum wires J. Moser,a T. Zibold, D. Schuh, M. Bichler measurements in quantum wires made of aluminum arsenide, a heavy-mass, multivalley one-dimensional 1D system, and G0=2e2 /h was observed in the presence of disorder.3 Aluminum arsenide AlAs is an alternate heavy
Grayson, Matthew
Process simulation of aluminum reduction cells
A program was developed to model the dynamic behavior of an aluminum reduction cell. The program simulates the physical process by solving the heat and mass balance equations that characterize the behavior of eleven chemical species in the system. It also models operational events (such as metal tapping, anode change, etc.) and the process control logic including various alumina feeding policies and anode effect quenching. The program is a PC based Windows{reg_sign} application that takes full advantage of the Windows user interface. This paper describes the implementation of the process model and the control logic. Various results using the simulation are compared to measured data.
Tabsh, I. [CompuSIM Inc., Calgary, Alberta (Canada); Dupuis, M. [GeniSim, Jonquiere, Quebec (Canada); Gomes, A. [Alcan Aluminio do Brasil S.A., Salvador, Bahia (Brazil)
Material flows and emissions in all the stages of production of zinc, copper, aluminum, cadmium, indium, germanium, gallium, selenium, tellurium, and molybdenum were investigated. These metals are used selectively in the manufacture of solar cells, and emission and energy factors in their production are used in the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of photovoltaics. Significant changes have occurred in the production and associated emissions for these metals over the last 10 years, which are not described in the LCA databases. Furthermore, emission and energy factors for several of the by-products of the base metal production were lacking. This report aims in updating the life-cycle inventories associated with the production of the base metals (Zn, Cu, Al, Mo) and in defining the emission and energy allocations for the minor metals (Cd, In, Ge, Se, Te and Ga) used in photovoltaics.
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum sodium fluoride Sample Search...
Information Sciences 28 List of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols Summary: Light Emitting Diode LiAlH4 lithium aluminum hydride LiF lithium fluoride LS Light Scattering...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum hydroxide complexes Sample Search...
molecular scale results indicate that the formation of mixed Ni-Al hydroxide phases in soils... is primarily dependent on soil pH and aluminum solubility from the clay...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum alloys annual Sample Search Results
GENERATION USING IN-SITU RESOURCES Summary: , 53 (5) (2001), 34-35. 8. Z. Shi et al., "Copper-Nickel Superalloys as Inert Alloy Anodes for Aluminum... 50:50 (wt%)...
The distribution of particulate aluminum in the Gulf of Mexico
of runoff water in the oceans. Toyota and Okabe (1967) reported vertical distri- butions of particulate aluminum ranging from 1-50 ug Al/L in samples from the Western North Pacific, Indian and Antarctic Oceans. , Stefansson and Atkinson (1969) used...
Feely, Richard Alan
Method for improving the oxidation-resistance of metal substrates coated with thermal barrier coatings
A method for providing a protective coating on a metal-based substrate is disclosed. The method involves the application of an aluminum-rich mixture to the substrate to form a discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles, followed by the application of a second coating over the discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles. Aluminum diffuses from the aluminum-rich layer into the substrate, and into any bond coat layer which is subsequently applied. Related articles are also described.
Thompson, Anthony Mark (Niskayuna, NY); Gray, Dennis Michael (Delanson, NY); Jackson, Melvin Robert (Niskayuna, NY)
Production of aluminum-26
A method of producing Al-26 from potassium chloride by exposing it to a proton beam in order to break potassium and chlorine atoms into smaller pieces, which include Al-26. The Al-26 is isolated from the potassium chloride and other substances produced by the beam by means of extraction and ion exchange.
Steinkruger, Fred J. (Los Alamos, NM); Phillips, Dennis R. (Los Alamos, NM)
Microstructure control of Al-Cu films for improved electromigration resistance
A process for the forming of Al-Cu conductive thin films with reduced electromigration failures is useful, for example, in the metallization of integrated circuits. An improved formation process includes the heat treatment or annealing of the thin film conductor at a temperature within the range of from 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. for a time period between 10 minutes and 24 hours under a reducing atmosphere such as 15% H.sub.2 in N.sub.2 by volume. Al-Cu thin films annealed in the single phase region of a phase diagram, to temperatures between 200.degree. C. and 300.degree. C. have .theta.-phase Al.sub.2 Cu precipitates at the grain boundaries continuously become enriched in copper, due, it is theorized, to the formation of a thin coating of .theta.-phase precipitate at the grain boundary. Electromigration behavior of the aluminum is, thus, improved because the .theta.-phase precipitates with copper hinder aluminum diffusion along the grain boundaries. Electromigration, then, occurs mainly within the aluminum grains, a much slower process.
Frear, Darrel R. (Albuquerque, NM); Michael, Joseph R. (Albuquerque, NM); Romig, Jr., Alton D. (Albuquerque, NM)
A process for the forming of Al-Cu conductive thin films with reduced electromigration failures is useful, for example, in the metallization of integrated circuits. An improved formation process includes the heat treatment or annealing of the thin film conductor at a temperature within the range of from 200 C to 300 C for a time period between 10 minutes and 24 hours under a reducing atmosphere such as 15% H[sub 2] in N[sub 2] by volume. Al-Cu thin films annealed in the single phase region of a phase diagram, to temperatures between 200 C and 300 C have [theta]-phase Al[sub 2] Cu precipitates at the grain boundaries continuously become enriched in copper, due, it is theorized, to the formation of a thin coating of [theta]-phase precipitate at the grain boundary. Electromigration behavior of the aluminum is, thus, improved because the [theta]-phase precipitates with copper hinder aluminum diffusion along the grain boundaries. Electromigration, then, occurs mainly within the aluminum grains, a much slower process. 5 figures.
Frear, D.R.; Michael, J.R.; Romig, A.D. Jr.
Reactions of aluminum with uranium fluorides and oxyfluorides
Every 30 to 40 million operating hours a destructive reaction is observed in one of the {approximately}4000 large compressors that move UF{sub 6} through the gaseous diffusion plants. Despite its infrequency, such a reaction can be costly in terms of equipment and time. Laboratory experiments reveal that the presence of moderate pressures of UF{sub 6} actually cools heated aluminum, although thermodynamic calculations indicate the potential for a 3000-4000{degrees}C temperature rise. Within a narrow and rather low (<100 torr; 1 torr = 133.322 Pa) pressure range, however, the aluminum is seen to react with sufficient heat release to soften an alumina boat. Three things must occur in order for aluminum to react vigorously with either UF{sub 6} or UO{sub 2}F{sub 2}. 1. An initiating source of heat must be provided. In the compressors, this source can be friction, permitted by disruption of the balance of the large rotating part or by creep of the aluminum during a high-temperature treatment. In the absence of this heat source, compressors have operated for 40 years in UF{sub 6} without significant reaction. 2. The film protecting the aluminum must be breached. Melting (of UF{sub 5} at 620 K or aluminum at 930 K) can cause such a breach in laboratory experiments. In contrast, holding Al samples in UF{sub 6} at 870 K for several hours produces only moderate reaction. Rubbing in the cascade can undoubtedly breach the protective film. 3. Reaction products must not build up and smother the reaction. While uranium products tend to dissolve or dissipate in molten aluminum, AIF{sub 3} shows a remarkable tendency to surround and hence protect even molten aluminum. Hence the initial temperature rise must be rapid and sufficient to move reactants into a temperature region in which products are removed from the reaction site.
Leitnaker, J.M.; Nichols, R.W.; Lankford, B.S. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Modeling Texture Evolution during Recrystallization in Aluminum
Modeling Texture Evolution during Recrystallization in Aluminum Abhijit Brahme1,2 , Joseph Fridy3, Aluminum, Grain Boundary Mobility, Nucleation, Oriented Growth, Oriented Nucleation, Stored Energy, Monte Carlo Modeling. #12;Modeling Texture Evolution during Recrystallization in Aluminum 2 1. Introduction
Rollett, Anthony D.
Microstructure Development and Characteristics of Semisolid Aluminum Alloys
A drop forge viscometer was employed to investigate the flow behavior under very rapid compression rates of A357, A356 diluted with pure aluminum and Al-4.5%Cu alloys. The A357 alloys were of commercial origin (MHD and SIMA) and the rheocast, modified A356 and Al-4.5Cu alloys were produced by a process developed at the solidification laboratory of MIT.
Merton Flemings; srinath Viswanathan
Overview of Aluminum
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion | Department ofT ib l L d F SSales LLCDiesel Enginesthewith RationalActivity|Aluminum Overview
Bonding Low-density Nanoporous Metal Foams Using Sputtered Solder
A method has been developed for bonding low-density nanoporous metal foam components to a substrate using solder that is sputtered onto the surfaces. Metal foams have unusual properties that make them excellent choices for many applications, and as technologies for processing these materials are evolving, their use in industry is increasing dramatically. Metal foams are lightweight and have advantageous dynamic properties, which make them excellent choices for many structural applications. They also provide good acoustic damping, low thermal conductivity, and excellent energy absorption characteristics. Therefore, these materials are commonly used in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and biomedical industries. The synthesis of nanoporous metal foams with a cell size of less then 1 {micro}m is an emerging technology that is expected to lead to widespread application of metal foams in microdevices, such as sensors and actuators. One of the challenges to manufacturing components from metal foams is that they can be difficult to attach to other structures without degrading their properties. For example, traditional liquid adhesives cannot be used because they are absorbed into foams. The problem of bonding or joining can be particularly difficult for small-scale devices made from nanoporous foam, due to the requirement for a thin bond layer. The current study addresses this problem and develops a method of soldering a nanoporous metal foam to a substrate with a bond thickness of less than 2 {micro}m. There are many applications that require micro-scale metal foams precisely bonded to substrates. This study was motivated by a physics experiment that used a laser to drive a shock wave through an aluminum foil and into a copper foam, in order to determine the speed of the shock in the copper foam. To avoid disturbing the shock, the interface between the copper foam and the aluminum substrate had to be as thin as possible. There are many other applications that could benefit from the bonding technology developed in this study, such as small-scale lightweight structural members, high-strength thermal insulating layers for electronics, and micro-scale mechanical dampers, to name but a few. Each of these applications requires one or more small metal foam components precisely bonded to a substrate. Several methods for bonding metal foam components have been developed by previous researchers. Macroscopic metal foam parts have been successfully bonded by laser welding to create T-sections and butt joints. Ultrasonic welding has been used to join aluminum sheet metal to aluminum foam for structural applications. These methods work well for bonding large foam components, but reducing these methods to a smaller length scale would be challenging. One method that has shown great potential for bonding layers of metal foams to substrates is a brazing process that uses a sputter-deposited interface material. Shirzadi et al.[9] have demonstrated bonds between stainless steel foam and a stainless steel substrate using a layer of copper-titanium filler metal that is sputtered onto the interface surfaces. The foam pieces that they bonded were approximately 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick with a cell size of approximately 200 {micro}m. After depositing the filler material, pressing the materials together, and heating them with an induction heater, bonds were achieved without causing significant damage to the foam. The current study also uses a sputter-deposited interface material to bond foam to a substrate. However, in contrast to previous work, the current study examines bonding microscale pieces of fragile nanoporous metal foam. In this study, a method is developed to bond a thin sheet of fragile, low-density nanoporous copper foam to an aluminum foil substrate of thickness 40 {micro}m. By sputter depositing an indium-silver alloy onto the foam and the substrate, a solder joint with a thickness of less than 2 {micro}m was achieved.
Bono, M; Cervantes, O; Akaba, C; Hamza, A; Foreman, R; Teslich, N
Aluminum-Alkaline Metal-Metal Composite Conductor - Energy Innovation
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAbout theOFFICE OFFuelsPropane TankWashingtonAlternative
Selective Adsorption of Sodium Aluminum Fluoride Salts from Molten Aluminum
Aluminum is produced in electrolytic reduction cells where alumina feedstock is dissolved in molten cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride) along with aluminum and calcium fluorides. The dissolved alumina is then reduced by electrolysis and the molten aluminum separates to the bottom of the cell. The reduction cell is periodically tapped to remove the molten aluminum. During the tapping process, some of the molten electrolyte (commonly referred as �bath� in the aluminum industry) is carried over with the molten aluminum and into the transfer crucible. The carryover of molten bath into the holding furnace can create significant operational problems in aluminum cast houses. Bath carryover can result in several problems. The most troublesome problem is sodium and calcium pickup in magnesium-bearing alloys. Magnesium alloying additions can result in Mg-Na and Mg-Ca exchange reactions with the molten bath, which results in the undesirable pickup of elemental sodium and calcium. This final report presents the findings of a project to evaluate removal of molten bath using a new and novel micro-porous filter media. The theory of selective adsorption or removal is based on interfacial surface energy differences of molten aluminum and bath on the micro-porous filter structure. This report describes the theory of the selective adsorption-filtration process, the development of suitable micro-porous filter media, and the operational results obtained with a micro-porous bed filtration system. The micro-porous filter media was found to very effectively remove molten sodium aluminum fluoride bath by the selective adsorption-filtration mechanism.
Leonard S. Aubrey; Christine A. Boyle; Eddie M. Williams; David H. DeYoung; Dawid D. Smith; Feng Chi
Combustion synthesis of metal-matrix composites. Part 1: The Ti-TiC-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} system
Combustion synthesis or Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) is a process that involves a reaction which is sufficiently exothermic to sustain itself, and, as such, provides considerable potential for the development of an affordable (low cost), energetically efficient means of producing advanced materials. In the combustion synthesis process, a mix of the reactant powders, pressed into a pellet, is heated to the ignition temperature, Tig, when the exothermic reaction takes place, transforming reactants into products. The heat generated by the reaction raises the temperature of the products to a maximum recorded combustion temperature, Tc, which, under adiabatic conditions, would be the adiabatic temperature, Tad. However, in most combustion reactions, Tc is less than Tad, since heat losses occur from the reaction front. Materials synthesized with each of these combustion modes are typically associated with high levels of porosity, e.g., 50%, which is manifested as both macroporosity and microporosity. Previous work demonstrated that it was possible to decrease the porosity of a TiC-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ti composite by incorporating an excess liquid metal into the combustion synthesis reaction system. This reaction utilizes aluminothermic reduction of TiO{sub 2} to generate the exothermic condition, and at the same time, uses the required TiO{sub 2}/Al stoichiometry to provide the excess Ti to generate an excess Ti in a matrix of TiC and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, each of which are synthesized, in-situ within the overall reaction system.
Kunrath, A.O.; Strohaecker, T.R. [UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Dept. de Metalurgia] [UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Dept. de Metalurgia; Moore, J.J. [Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering] [Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
In situ growth of ZrO{sub 2}�Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nano-crystalline ceramic coatings via micro arc oxidation of aluminum substrates
Highlights: ? ZrO{sub 2}�Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers were fabricated by MAO process. ? A formation mechanism was also proposed. ? Effect of voltage and electrolyte composition on layers properties was studied. -- Abstract: Micro arc oxidation technique was employed to grow zirconia�alumina porous layers. Considering XPS, XRD, and EDX results, the layers mainly consisted of ?-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ?-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, monoclinic ZrO{sub 2}, tetragonal ZrO{sub 2}. Fractions of these phases were observed to change based on the fabrication conditions. Zirconia phases formed not only on the surface, but also in the layers depth. Increasing the voltage as well as utilizing thicker electrolytes resulted in higher zirconium concentration. The average crystalline size of the ZrO{sub 2} and the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phases was determined as about 57 and 75 nm. AFM studies revealed that the surface roughness increased with voltage and electrolyte concentration. Morphological evaluations, performed by SEM, showed that the microstructure of the layers strongly depended on the synthesis conditions. The layers revealed a porous structure with a pores size of 40�300 nm. Microcracks were observed to appear when the electrolyte concentration and the applied voltage increased. Finally, a formation mechanism was put forward with emphasis on the chemical and the electrochemical foundations.
Shoaei-Rad, V. [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Bayati, M.R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7907, NC (United States); Zargar, H.R. [Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 (Canada)] [Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 (Canada); Javadpour, J. [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Golestani-Fard, F. [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of) [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16845-195, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Chemical Hydrogen Storage Using Polyhedral Borane Anions and Aluminum-Ammonia-Borane Complexes
Phase 1. Hydrolysis of borohydride compounds offer the potential for significant hydrogen storage capacity, but most work to date has focused on one particular anion, BH4-, which requires high pH for stability. Other borohydride compounds, in particular polyhedral borane anions offer comparable hydrogen storage capacity without requiring high pH media and their long term thermal and hydrolytic stability coupled with non-toxic nature make them a very attractive alternative to NaBH4. The University of Missouri project provided the overall program focal point for the investigation of catalytic hydrolysis of polyhedral borane anions for hydrogen release. Due to their inherent stability, a transition metal catalyst was necessary for the hydrolysis of polyhedral borane anions. Transition metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, palladium and rhodium were investigated for their catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of nido-KB11H14, closo-K2B10H10, and closo-K2B12H12. The rate of hydrolysis follows first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of the polyhedral borane anion and surface area of the rhodium catalyst. The rate of hydrolysis depends upon a) choice of polyhedral borane anion, c) concentration of polyhedral borane anion, d) surface area of the rhodium catalyst and e) temperature of the reaction. In all cases the yield of hydrogen was 100% which corresponds to ~7 wt% of hydrogen (based on material wt%). Phase 2. The phase 2 of program at the University of Missouri was focused upon developing aluminum ammonia-boranes (Al-AB) as chemical hydrogen storage materials, specifically their synthesis and studies of their dehydrogenation. The ammonia borane molecule (AB) is a demonstrated source of chemically stored hydrogen (19.6 wt%) which meets DOE performance parameters except for its regeneration from spent AB and elemental hydrogen. The presence of an aluminum center bonded to multiple AB residues might combine the efficiency of AB dehydrogenation with an aluminum mediated hydrogenation process leading to reversibility. The Al-AB complexes have comparable hydrogen capacity with other M-AB and have potential to meet DOE�s 2010 and 2015 targets for system wt%.
Hawthorne, M. Frederick; Jalisatgi, Satish S.; Safronov, Alexander V.; Lee, Han Beak; Wu, Jianguo
Tribological characteristics of aluminum alloys against steel lubricated by ammonium and imidazolium ionic liquids
Sliding friction and wear characteristics of aluminum alloys against AISI 52100 steel lubricated by ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated at both room and elevated temperatures. The tested aluminum alloys include a commercially pure aluminum Al 1100, a wrought alloy Al 6061-T6511, and a cast alloy Al 319-T6. The lubricating performance of two ILs with the same anion, one ammonium-based [C8H17]3NH.Tf2N and one imidazolium-based C10mim.Tf2N, were compared each other and benchmarked against that of a conventional fully-formulated engine oil. Significant friction (up to 35%) and wear (up to 55%) reductions were achieved by the ammonium IL when lubricating the three aluminum alloys compared to the engine oil. The imidazolium IL performed better than the oil but not as well as the ammonium IL for Al 1100 and 319 alloys. However, accelerated wear was unexpectedly observed for Al 6061 alloy when lubricated by C10mim.Tf2N. Surface chemical analyses implied complex tribochemical reactions between the aluminum surfaces and ILs during the wear testing, which has been demonstrated either beneficial by forming a protective boundary film or detrimental by causing severe tribo-corrosion. The effects of the IL cation structure, aluminum alloy composition, and tribo-testing condition on the friction and wear results have been discussed.
Qu, Jun [ORNL; Blau, Peter Julian [ORNL; Dai, Sheng [ORNL; Luo, Huimin [ORNL; Meyer III, Harry M [ORNL; Truhan, John J. [Caterpillar Inc.
Electrochemical separation of aluminum from uranium for research reactor spent nuclear fuel applications.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) are developing an electrorefining process to treat aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel by electrochemically separating aluminum from uranium. The aluminum electrorefiner is modeled after the high-throughput electrorefiner developed at ANL. Aluminum is electrorefined, using a fluoride salt electrolyte, in a potential range of -0.1 V to -0.2 V, while uranium is electrorefined in a potential range of -0.3 V to -0.4 V; therefore, aluminum can be selectively separated electrochemically from uranium. A series of laboratory-scale experiments was performed to demonstrate the aluminum electrorefining concept. These experiments involved selecting an electrolyte (determining a suitable fluoride salt composition); selecting a crucible material for the electrochemical cell; optimizing the operating conditions; determining the effect of adding alkaline and rare earth elements to the electrolyte; and demonstrating the electrochemical separation of aluminum from uranium, using a U-Al-Si alloy as a simulant for aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel. Results of the laboratory-scale experiments indicate that aluminum can be selectively electrotransported from the anode to the cathode, while uranium remains in the anode basket.
Slater, S. A.; Willit, J. L.; Gay, E. C.; Chemical Engineering
Physical and magnetic properties of highly aluminum doped strontium ferrite nanoparticles prepared by auto-combustion route
Physical and magnetic properties of highly aluminum doped strontium ferrite nanoparticles prepared-Hexaferrite Al doped Sr-Ferrite High Coercivity Ferrite a b s t r a c t Highly Al3þ ion doped nanocrystalline Sr microscope show growth of needle shaped ferrites with high aspect ratio at Al3þ ion content exceeding xZ2. Al
Liu, J. Ping
Aluminum reduction cell electrode
The invention is directed to cathode modules comprised of refractory hard metal materials, such as TiB[sub 2], for an electrolytic cell for the reduction of alumina wherein the modules may be installed and replaced during operation of the cell and wherein the structure of the cathode modules is such that the refractory hard metal materials are not subjected to externally applied forces or rigid constraints. 9 figs.
Goodnow, W.H.; Payne, J.R.
The microstructure evolution during solution treatment plays an important role in mechanical properties of heat-treated aluminum alloys. In this paper, models were reviewed that can predict the microstructure evolution during the solutionizing process of the aging heat treatment of aluminum alloys. The dissolution of Mg2Si particles has been modeled as a diffusion process of Mg in the -Al matrix. The evolution of volumetric fraction of fragmented silicon as a function of time and temperature was also considered. The growth and coarsening of silicon particles during the heat treatment was considered. It was found that constitutive equations and required property data for most of the phenomena that need to be considered are available. Several model parameters that need to be obtained from material characterization were identified. Pending the availability of these model parameters, this comprehensive model can be used to describe the microstructure evolution of aluminum alloys in order to optimize the solutionizing heat treatment for energy savings.
Yin, Hebi [ORNL; Sabau, Adrian S [ORNL; Skszek, Timothy [Vehma International of American, Inc.; Niu, X [Magna Cosma International, Promatek Research Centre
Spray Rolling Aluminum Strip
Spray forming is a competitive low-cost alternative to ingot metallurgy for manufacturing ferrous and non-ferrous alloy shapes. It produces materials with a reduced number of processing steps, while maintaining materials properties, with the possibility of near-net-shape manufacturing. However, there are several hurdles to large-scale commercial adoption of spray forming: 1) ensuring strip is consistently flat, 2) eliminating porosity, particularly at the deposit/substrate interface, and 3) improving material yield. Through this program, a new strip/sheet casting process, termed spray rolling, has been developed, which is an innovative manufacturing technique to produce aluminum net-shape products. Spray rolling combines the benefits of twin-roll casting and conventional spray forming, showing a promising potential to overcome the above hurdles associated with spray forming. Spray rolling requires less energy and generates less scrap than conventional processes and, consequently, enables the development of materials with lower environmental impacts in both processing and final products. Spray Rolling was developed as a collaborative project between the University of California-Davis, the Colorado School of Mines, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, and an industry team. The following objectives of this project were achieved: (1) Demonstration of the feasibility of the spray rolling process at the bench-scale level and evaluation of the materials properties of spray rolled aluminum strip alloys; and (2) Demonstration of 2X scalability of the process and documentation of technical hurdles to further scale up and initiate technology transfer to industry for eventual commercialization of the process.
Lavernia, E.J.; Delplanque, J-P; McHugh, K.M.
EUROSPF Conference APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY OF ALUMINUM BLOW
6th EUROSPF Conference APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY OF ALUMINUM BLOW FORMING FOR AUTOMOTIVE CLOSURE PANEL Replacement by aluminum for the closure panels is one of the common methods for lightening car body. However. As a solution to cover the low stamping formability of aluminum, Blow forming technology of aluminum which
Aluminum nitride nanophotonic circuits operating at ultraviolet wavelengths
Aluminum nitride (AlN) has recently emerged as a promising material for integrated photonics due to a large bandgap and attractive optical properties. Exploiting the wideband transparency, we demonstrate waveguiding in AlN-on-Insulator circuits from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths using nanophotonic components with dimensions down to 40?nm. By measuring the propagation loss over a wide spectral range, we conclude that both scattering and absorption of AlN-intrinsic defects contribute to strong attenuation at short wavelengths, thus providing guidelines for future improvements in thin-film deposition and circuit fabrication.
Stegmaier, M.; Ebert, J.; Pernice, W. H. P., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76133 Karlsruhe (Germany); Meckbach, J. M.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M. [Institute of Micro- und Nanoelectronic Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76187 Karlsruhe (Germany)
Coated metal articles and method of making
The method of protectively coating metallic uranium which comprises dipping the metallic uranium in a molten alloy comprising about 20-75% of copper and about 80-25% of tin, dipping the coated uranium promptly into molten tin, withdrawing it from the molten tin and removing excess molten metal, thereupon dipping it into a molten metal bath comprising aluminum until it is coated with this metal, then promptly withdrawing it from the bath.
Boller, Ernest R. (Van Buren Township, IN); Eubank, Lowell D. (Wilmington, DE)
Coated Metal Articles and Method of Making
Boller, Ernest R.; Eubank, Lowell D.
Clean and cost-effective dry boundary lubricants for aluminum forming.
Preliminary research in our laboratory has demonstrated that boric acid is an effective lubricant with an unusual capacity to reduce sliding fiction (providing friction coefficients as low as 0.02) and wear of metallic and ceramic materials. More recent studies have revealed that water or methanol solutions of boric acid can be used to prepare strongly bonded layers of boric acid on aluminum surfaces. It appears that boric acid molecules have a strong tendency to bond chemically to the naturally oxidized surfaces of aluminum and its alloys and to make these surfaces very slippery. Recent metal formability tests indicated that the boric acid films formed on aluminum surfaces by spraying or dipping worked quite well; improving draw scale performance by 58 to 75%. These findings have increased the prospect that boric acid can be formulated and optimized as an effective boundary lubricant and used to solve the friction, galling, and severe wear problems currently encountered in cold-forming of aluminum products. Accordingly, the major goal of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness and lubrication capacity of thin boric acid films formed on aluminum surfaces by simple dipping or spraying processes and to describe the lubrication mechanisms under typical metal forming conditions. We will also examine the nature of chemical bonding between boric acid and aluminum surfaces and develop new ways to optimize its performance as an effective boundary lubricant.
Erdemir, A.; Fenske, G. R.
Compressive properties of a closed-cell aluminum foam as a function of strain-rate and temperature
The compressive constitutive behavior of a closed-cell aluminum foam (ALPORAS) manufactured by Shinko Wire Co. in Japan was evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions as a function of temperature. High-strain-rate tests (1000-2000 s{sup -1}) were conducted using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Quasi-static and intermediate-strain-rate tests were conducted on a hydraulic load frame. A small but discernable change in the flow stress behavior as a function of strain rate was measured. The deformation behavior of the Al-foam was however found to be strongly temperature dependent under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Localized deformation and stress state instability during testing of metal foams is discussed in detail since the mechanical behavior over the entire range of strain rates indicates non-uniform deformation. Additionally, investigation of the effect of residual stresses created during manufacturing on the mechanical behavior was investigated.
Cady, Carl M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gray, Ill, George T [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Liu, Cheng [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lovato, Manuel L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mukai, T [JAPAN
Aluminum across the Americas: Caribbean Mobilities and Transnational American Studies
E. Jamaica in the World Aluminum Industry, 1838�1973, Vol.2007. Doordan, Dennis. �Promoting Aluminum: Designers andthe American Aluminum Industry. � Design Issues 9, no. 2 (
Sheller, Mimi
Aluminum-detoxifying compounds in roots of Eucalyptus camaldulensis
M, Yamanoshita T, Kojima K, Role of aluminum-bindingligands in aluminum resistance of Eucalyptus camaldulensisH, Sasaki S, Kojima K. Aluminum distribution and reactive
Tahara, Ko; Hashida, Koh; Ohara, Seiji; Kojima, Katsumi; Shinohara, Kenji
Commonwealth Aluminum: Manufacturer Conducts Plant-Wide Energy...
Commonwealth Aluminum: Manufacturer Conducts Plant-Wide Energy Assessments at Two Aluminum Sheet Production Operations Commonwealth Aluminum: Manufacturer Conducts Plant-Wide...
Metal-ceramic joint assembly
A metal-ceramic joint assembly in which a brazing alloy is situated between metallic and ceramic members. The metallic member is either an aluminum-containing stainless steel, a high chromium-content ferritic stainless steel or an iron nickel alloy with a corrosion protection coating. The brazing alloy, in turn, is either an Au-based or Ni-based alloy with a brazing temperature in the range of 9500 to 1200.degree. C.
Li, Jian (New Milford, CT)
Responses of soil microbial and nematode communities to aluminum toxicity in vegetated oil-shale-waste lands
Responses of soil microbial and nematode communities to aluminum toxicity in vegetated oil-shale and total Al concentrations showed a significant decrease after planting S. cumini plantation onto the shale
Neher, Deborah A.
Corrosion behavior of aluminum-lithium alloys
Corrosion behavior of three aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys was investigated in aerated 0.5 M sodium sulfate (Na[sub 2]SO[sub 4]), deaerated 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl), and aerated 3.5% NaCl. Corrosion behavior of the Aluminum Association (AA) alloys 2090-T8E41 (UNS A92090, sheet), AA 8090-T851 (UNS A98090, sheet), and AA 8090-T82551 (UNS A98090, bar) was compared to behavior of the conventional AA 7075-T6 (UNS A97075, sheet). Uniform corrosion was the predominant form of attack in aerated Na[sub 2]SO[sub 4] and deaerated NaCl, although some localized attack resulted from corrosion of intermetallics on specimen surfaces. Pitting was the main form of attack in aerated NaCl. In all three media, the sheet materials corroded at a similar rate, but the bar form of AA 8090 corroded at a lower rate. Pretreatment of the alloys by immersion in a cerium (Ce) solution inhibited pitting in aerated NaCl but only for a short period.
Garrard, W.N. (Defence Science and Technology Organization, Victoria (Australia))
Fast 8 kV metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor switch R. E. Continetti, D. R. Cyr,al and D. M. Neumarkb)
V. A key to this approach is the use of a metal-oxide varistor (MOV) to clamp the voltage acrossa givenFast 8 kV metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor switch R. E. Continetti, D. R. Cyr transformer-isolatedpower metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors in seriesis described
Neumark, Daniel M.
SREELS analysis of oxygen-rich inversion domain boundaries in aluminum nitride
Spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis has been conducted on planar inversion domain boundaries in aluminum nitride. The defects were found to contain 1.5 monolayers of oxygen, in agreement with the most recent structural model of Westwood. From variations in near-edge structure, the local atomic environments of both oxygen and aluminum are compared with {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and {gamma}-AlON standards. Based upon this study the structure of the inversion domain boundary is found to resemble that of the cubic {gamma}-AlON spinel, and eliminates from consideration those structural models based upon {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Furthermore, quantification of the shape resonances provided Al-O bond-length data from the inversion domain boundary interface. These distances closely agree with the Youngman Model that has recently been further refined by Westwood et al.
Bruley, J.; Zhao, J.C.; Notis, M.R. [Lehigh Univ. Bethlehem, PA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Westwood, A.D. [IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY (United States); Youngman, R.A. [Carborundum Co., Phoenix, AZ (United States)
The invention is directed to an anode-cathode structure for an electrolytic cell for the reduction of alumina wherein the structure is comprised of a carbon anode assembly which straddles a wedge-shaped refractory hard metal cathode assembly having steeply sloped cathodic surfaces, each cathodic surface being paired in essentially parallel planar relationship with an anode surface. The anode-cathode structure not only takes into account the structural weakness of refractory hard metal materials but also permits the changing of the RHM assembly during operation of the cell. Further, the anode-cathode structure enhances the removal of anode gas from the interpolar gap between the anode and cathode surfaces. 10 figs.
Payne, J.R.
Transition metal-free olefin polymerization catalyst
Ethylene and/or propylene are polymerized to form high molecular weight, linear polymers by contacting ethylene and/or propylene monomer, in the presence of an inert reaction medium, with a catalyst system which consists essentially of (1) an aluminum alkyl component, such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum and diethylaluminum hydride and (2) a Lewis acid or Lewis acid derivative component, such as B (C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.3, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N (H) (C.sub.6 H.sub.5)].sup.+ [B (C.sub.6 F.sub.5)4].sup.-, [(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3 NH].sup.+ [B C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.4 ],.sup.-, [C(C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.3 ].sup.+ [B(C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.4 ].sup.-, (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 Al(OCH.sub.3), (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 Al(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide), (C.sub.2 H.sub.5)Al(2,6 -di-t-butylphenoxide).sub.2, (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 Al(2,6-di-t-butylphonoxide) , 2,6 -di-t-butylphenol.multidot.methylaluminoxane or an alkylaluminoxane, and which may be completely free any transition metal component(s).
Sen, Ayusman (State College, PA); Wojcinski, II, Louis M. (State College, PA); Liu, Shengsheng (State College, PA)
Modelling of impurity balance for an aluminum smelter
Modeling of impurity balance for an aluminum smelter was conducted. Major impurity streams were sampled and analyzed for impurity concentrations. A flowsheet model was developed and validated using measured data. The purpose of the modeling was to examine the effects of a change from primary to secondary alumina on metal purity and to determine operational strategies to minimize the impact on high purity metal production in the upgrade of the smelter. The impurity partition for cell groups under different operating conditions was determined. Results suggest that production of high purity metal is highly related to the cell operating characteristics. The understanding gained has assisted the design of operating strategies to produce high purity metal from secondary alumina.
Zhang, W.; Liu, X. [Comalco Research Centre, Thomastown, Victoria (Australia); McMaster, P.; Taylor, M. [New Zealand Aluminium Smelters Ltd., Invercargill (New Zealand)
Joining of 6061 Aluminum Matrix-Ceramic Particle Reinforced Composites
) ) Joining of 6061 Aluminum Matrix-Ceramic Particle Reinforced Composites by R. Kiehn and T. W................... .. ....... ... ... 3 Literature Review ......... ...... ..... ... . . 3 Conventional Aluminum Brazing ........ 4 Aluminum Composite Joining ........... 5 Aluminum Joining by Unconventional Methods
Electrolytic Cell For Production Of Aluminum From Alumina
An electrolytic cell for producing aluminum from alumina having a reservoir for collecting molten aluminum remote from the electrolysis.
Bradford, Donald R (Underwood, WA); Barnett, Robert J. (Goldendale, WA); Mezner, Michael B. (Sandy, OR)
Current technologies and trends of aluminum design
A literature review of current aluminum technology in the building and construction industry was carried out. Aluminum is an ideal material for building in corrosive environments and for building structures where small ...
Chen, Michael, 1981-
Micro Joining of Aluminum Graphite Composites
Advanced aluminum graphite composites have unique thermal properties due to opposing coefficients of thermal expansion of aluminum and graphite. The thermal and mechanical properties of such composites are anisotropic due to directional properties...
Velamati, Manasa
Improved Irradiation Performance of Uranium-Molybdenum/Aluminum Dispersion Fuel by Silicon Addition in Aluminum
Uranium-molybdenum fuel particle dispersion in aluminum is a form of fuel under development for conversion of high-power research and test reactors from highly enriched to low-enriched uranium in the U.S. Global Threat Reduction Initiative program (also known as the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors program). Extensive irradiation tests have been conducted to find a solution for problems caused by interaction layer growth and pore formation between U-Mo and Al. Adding a small amount of Si (up to [approximately]5 wt%) in the Al matrix was one of the proposed remedies. The effect of silicon addition in the Al matrix was examined using irradiation test results by comparing side-by-side samples with different Si additions. Interaction layer growth was progressively reduced with increasing Si addition to the matrix Al, up to 4.8 wt%. The Si addition also appeared to delay pore formation and growth between the U-Mo and Al.
Yeon Soo Kim; G. L. Hofman; A. B. Robinson; D. M. Wachs
Aluminum-carbon composite electrode
A high performance double layer capacitor having an electric double layer formed in the interface between activated carbon and an electrolyte is disclosed. The high performance double layer capacitor includes a pair of aluminum impregnated carbon composite electrodes having an evenly distributed and continuous path of aluminum impregnated within an activated carbon fiber preform saturated with a high performance electrolytic solution. The high performance double layer capacitor is capable of delivering at least 5 Wh/kg of useful energy at power ratings of at least 600 W/kg. 3 figs.
Farahmandi, C.J.; Dispennette, J.M.
A high performance double layer capacitor having an electric double layer formed in the interface between activated carbon and an electrolyte is disclosed. The high performance double layer capacitor includes a pair of aluminum impregnated carbon composite electrodes having an evenly distributed and continuous path of aluminum impregnated within an activated carbon fiber preform saturated with a high performance electrolytic solution. The high performance double layer capacitor is capable of delivering at least 5 Wh/kg of useful energy at power ratings of at least 600 W/kg.
Farahmandi, C. Joseph (Auburn, AL); Dispennette, John M. (Auburn, AL)
Nanotube Fabrication byNanotube Fabrication by Anodic Aluminum Oxide,Anodic Aluminum Oxide,
Nanotube Fabrication byNanotube Fabrication by Anodic Aluminum Oxide,Anodic Aluminum Oxide, Self-regulating phenomena in materials science: Self-assembly of nanopores during anodic oxidation of aluminum (AAO) Self combined anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanostructures with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to fabricate
Rubloff, Gary W.
Microstructural Characterization of 6061 Aluminum to 304L Stainless Steel Inertia Welds
'Microstructural characterization of 6061-T6 aluminum-to-Type 304L stainless steel inertia welds provided a technical basis to conclude that transition joints fabricated from such welds should satisfactorily contain helium/hydrogen gas mixtures. This conclusion is based on the lack of semi-continuous alignments of particles and/or inclusions at, or near, the aluminum-to-stainless steel interface. These dissimilar metal transition joints play a key role in the operation of an accelerator driven, spallation neutron source designed for the production of tritium. The Accelerator Production of Tritium system will produce tritium through neutron interactions with 3He gas contained in water-cooled, 6061-T6 aluminum pressure tubes. Current design concepts include thousands of thin-walled pressure tubes distributed throughout a number of aluminum-clad, lead-filled, blanket modules. The aluminum pressure tubes are connected to a tritium extraction and purification system through a stainless steel manifold. The transition from aluminum to stainless steel is made via transition joints machined from the aluminum-to-stainless steel inertia welds. The paper describes the baseline microstructural characterization of the welds, including optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and uses that characterization to evaluate potential gas leakage across the weld.'
Dunn, K.A.
Effects of ductile phase volume fraction on the mechanical properties of Ti-Al?Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites
I. J. Light Alloys - Metallurgy of the Light Metals, 3rdformed by reactive foil metallurgy. ? Materials Science andformed by reactive foil metallurgy. HIP reaction at (a) 1300
Price, Richard David
Aluminum: Principled Scenario Exploration through Minimality
Aluminum: Principled Scenario Exploration through Minimality Tim Nelson1, Salman Saghafi1, Daniel J. We present Aluminum, a modification of Alloy that presents only minimal scenarios: those that contain no more than is necessary. Aluminum lets users explore the scenario space by adding to scenarios
Dougherty, Daniel J.
Aluminum--2004 5. Areferencethatincludesasectionmark()isfoundintheinternet
Aluminum--2004 5. Areferencethatincludesasectionmark(§)isfoundintheinternet ReferenceCitedsection. Aluminum ByPatriciaA.Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Benjamin S. Goff.S.GeologicalSurvey(uSGS)requestforproductiondata. CommercialDevelopmentCo.(CDC)ofSt.louis,mO, boughtKaiserAluminumCorp.'s200,000-metric-ton-per-year (t
Aluminum: Principled Scenario Exploration through Minimality Tim Nelson1, Salman Saghafi1, Daniel J Aluminum, a modification of Alloy that presents only minimal scenarios: those that contain no more than is necessary. Aluminum lets users explore the scenario space by adding to scenarios and backtracking. It also
Krishnamurthi, Shriram
MODELING OF ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLE FORMATION R. Schefflan
MODELING OF ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLE FORMATION R. Schefflan D. Kalyon S. Kovenklioglu Stevens Picatinny Arsenal's process for making alumina coated nanoparticles of aluminum involves the conversion of gaseous aluminum, in the presence of helium carrier gas, to solid nanoparticles and their subsequent
Processing and microstructural evolution of alumina/aluminum alloy and aluminum nitride/aluminum alloy composites by directed melt oxidation. Ph.D. Thesis
An experimental investigation on the directed oxidation of aluminum-zinc alloys to produce alumina/aluminum alloy composites with and without alumina preforms has been conducted. It has been suggested in the literature that Al-Mg alloys grow composites by the dissolution of a magnesia surface layer and reprecipitation of alumina in the composite. The intent of this investigation is to reveal relevant distinctions in the proposed dissolution-reprecipitation process as they apply to a more commercially interesting Zn containing alloy with a reinforcing preform. The TGA behavior and microstructural observations on the oxidation of Al-10Zn-8Si alloys were coupled with a thermodynamic and kinetic analysis to develop a composite growth model. Experiments were carried out in air at 1000-1200 C. At the higher temperatures (greater than 1100 C), Al2O3/Al composites grow by dissolving a ZnAl2O4 (spinel) surface layer. The dissolution process releases oxygen that reprecipitates in the form of Al2O3 on the existing composite, and also releases Zn and Al which migrate upward through the spinel to regenerate the surface oxide. Composite growth may only occur when the surface regenerates at a rate comparable with that of the dissolution process. At the lower temperatures, 1000 C, the composite growth is limited by the spinel regeneration process, and becomes intermittent. The addition of Mg to this alloy allows normal composite growth by the dissolution of a surface (Zn,Mg)Al2O4 layer at the lower temperatures, 980-1060 C, but leads to heterogeneous microstructures with voids as the temperature increases above approximately 1060 C. The directed oxidation of an Al-Zn alloy into porous alumina preforms yields an Al2O3/Al composite matrix which fills the preform interstices. Al-10Zn-8Si-0.25Mg alloys that are oxidized from 960-1100 C, and Al-10Zn-8Si alloys that are oxidized at 800-1000 C climb up the preform particle.
Crudele, S.D.
) Type of phytoremediation Cost effective form of environmental remediation (Glass 1999) Chelating Agents: desorb heavy metals from soil matrix and form water-soluble metal complexes (Shen et al -using hyperaccumulator plant biomass to produce a bio-ore for commercial use -Li et al. look at using Ni
Blouin-Demers, Gabriel
Oxidation of ligand-protected aluminum clusters: An ab initio molecular dynamics study
We report Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations of the oxidation of ligand-protected aluminum clusters that form a prototypical cluster-assembled material. These clusters contain a small aluminum core surrounded by a monolayer of organic ligand. The aromatic cyclopentadienyl ligands form a strong bond with surface Al atoms, giving rise to an organometallic cluster that crystallizes into a low-symmetry solid and is briefly stable in air before oxidizing. Our calculations of isolated aluminum/cyclopentadienyl clusters reacting with oxygen show minimal reaction between the ligand and O{sub 2} molecules at simulation temperatures of 500 and 1000 K. In all cases, the reaction pathway involves O{sub 2} diffusing through the ligand barrier, splitting into atomic oxygen upon contact with the aluminum, and forming an oxide cluster with aluminum/ligand bonds still largely intact. Loss of individual aluminum-ligand units, as expected from unimolecular decomposition calculations, is not observed except following significant oxidation. These calculations highlight the role of the ligand in providing a steric barrier against oxidizers and in maintaining the large aluminum surface area of the solid-state cluster material.
Alnemrat, Sufian; Hooper, Joseph P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943 (United States)
Electronic circuits having NiAl and Ni.sub.3 Al substrates
An electronic circuit component having improved mechanical properties and thermal conductivity comprises NiAl and/or Ni.sub.3 Al, upon which an alumina layer is formed prior to applying the conductive elements. Additional layers of copper-aluminum alloy or copper further improve mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.
Deevi, Seetharama C. (Midlothian, VA); Sikka, Vinod K. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Amorphous Metallic Glass as New High Power and Energy Density Anodes For Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries
We have investigated the use of aluminum based amorphous metallic glass as the anode in lithium ion rechargeable batteries. Amorphous metallic glasses have no long-range ordered microstructure; the atoms are less closely ...
Synthesis and structural characterization of Al{sub 4}SiC{sub 4}-homeotypic aluminum silicon oxycarbide, [Al{sub 4.4}Si{sub 0.6}][O{sub 1.0}C{sub 2.0}]C
A new quaternary layered oxycarbide, [Al{sub 4.39(5)}Si{sub 0.61(5)}]{sub S}IGMA{sub 5}[O{sub 1.00(2)}C{sub 2.00(2)}]{sub S}IGMA{sub 3}C, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The title compound was found to be hexagonal with space group P6{sub 3}/mmc, Z=2, and unit-cell dimensions a=0.32783(1) nm, c=2.16674(7) nm and V=0.20167(1) nm{sup 3}. The atom ratios Al:Si were determined by EDX, and the initial structural model was derived by the direct methods. The final structural model showed the positional disordering of one of the three types of Al/Si sites. The maximum-entropy methods-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was used to confirm the validity of the split-atom model, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. The reliability indices calculated from the MPF were R{sub wp}=3.73% (S=1.20), R{sub p}=2.94%, R{sub B}=1.04% and R{sub F}=0.81%. The crystal was an inversion twin. Each twin-related individual was isostructural with Al{sub 4}SiC{sub 4} (space group P6{sub 3}mc, Z=2). - Graphical abstract: A new oxycarbide discovered in the Al-Si-O-C system, Al{sub 4}SiC{sub 4}-homeotypic [Al{sub 4.4}Si{sub 0.6}][O{sub 1.0}C{sub 2.0}]C. The crystal is an inversion twin, and hence the structure is represented by a split-atom model. The three-dimensional electron density distributions are determined by the maximum-entropy methods-based pattern fitting, being consistent with the disordered structural model.
Kaga, Motoaki; Iwata, Tomoyuki [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Nakano, Hiromi [Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan); Fukuda, Koichiro, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan)
Predicting the Failure of Ultrasonic Spot Welds by Pull-out from Sheet Metal
-mode fracture of the base metal, the cohesive parameters for ductile fracture of an aluminum alloy were fracture in thin aluminum alloy coupons were determined by comparing experimental observations to numerical-welding has been recognized as a promising technology in joining automotive sheet metal. Compared
Thouless, Michael
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum oxide selectively Sample Search...
Aluminum Plants Background... . "DSIs" is often used interchangeably with aluminum smelters because aluminum smelters ... Source: Northwest Power Planning Council...
Determination of Stability Constants of Hydrogen and Aluminum Fluorides with a Fluoride-Selective Electrode
The ability to directly determine free fluoride ion concentration (or mean activity) simplifies gathering and interpretation of experimental data for studies of metal complexes. In this work, the new lanthanum fluoride electrode was used to measure free fluoride ion in an investigation of the hydrogen-fluoride and aluminum-fluoride systems in NH4NO3.
Baumann, E.W.
Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templated Channel Electrodes via Atomic Layer A. B. F. Martinsona,b
60439, USA Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilize high surface area metal oxide sintered particle aluminum oxide membranes via atomic layer deposition. Introduction Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) These photoelectrochemical cells use molecular dyes to sensitize high area, wide band gap semiconductor oxide photoanodes
Elucidating the mechanism behind the stabilization of multi-charged metal cations in water: A case study of the electronic states of microhydrated Mg2+, Ca2+ and Al3+�
Metal atoms typically have second and higher ionization potentials (IPs) that are larger than the IP of water, resulting in the Coulombic explosion of the first few [M(H2O)n]+q (q ? 2) clusters as the M+ + (H2O)n + or MOH+ + H3O+(H2O)n energy levels are energetically more stable than the M2+ + (H2O)n ones for small n. We present a theoretical analysis of the various electronic states correlating with the above channels that are involved in the sequential hydration of the Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ cations with up to six water molecules that, for the first time, quantifies their relative shift with the degree of solvation accounting for the observed stabilization of those multi-charged metal cations in an aqueous solution. *
Miliordos, Evangelos; Xantheas, Sotiris S.
The problem of intermixing of metals possessing no mutual solubility upon explosion welding (Cu-Ta, Fe-Ag, Al-Ta)
On the basis of the results obtained for joints of dissimilar metals such as copper-tantalum and iron-silver, the reason of immiscible suspensions mixing upon explosion welding has been cleared out. It has been found that the interface (plain or wavy) is not smooth and contains inhomogeneities, namely, cusps and local melting zones. The role of granulating fragmentation providing partitioning of initial materials as a main channel of input energy dissipation has been revealed. It has been shown that in joints of metals possessing normal solubility the local melting zones are true solutions, but if metals possess no mutual solubility the local melting zones are colloidal solutions. Realization of either emulsion or suspension variant takes place. The results can be used in the development of new joints of metals possessing no mutual solubility. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Immiscible pairs Ta/Cu and Fe/Ag are welded successfully by explosive welding. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fragmentation provides for partitioning as the main energy dissipation channel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Immiscible metals form colloidal solid solutions during solidification. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Melting and boiling temperatures ratio determines the colloidal solution type. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Local melting zones being in suspension form enhance welds hardening.
Greenberg, B.A., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoi str. 18, Ekaterinburg, 620990 (Russian Federation); Ivanov, M.A. [Kurdyumov Institute of Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vernadskogo blvd. 36, Kiev, 03680 (Ukraine)] [Kurdyumov Institute of Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vernadskogo blvd. 36, Kiev, 03680 (Ukraine); Rybin, V.V. [State Polytechnical University, Politekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251 (Russian Federation)] [State Polytechnical University, Politekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251 (Russian Federation); Elkina, O.A.; Antonova, O.V.; Patselov, A.M.; Inozemtsev, A.V.; Plotnikov, A.V.; Volkova, A.Yu. [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoi str. 18, Ekaterinburg, 620990 (Russian Federation)] [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoi str. 18, Ekaterinburg, 620990 (Russian Federation); Besshaposhnikov, Yu.P. [OJSC Ural Chemical Machine Building Plant, Khibinogorskii Lane 33, Ekaterinburg, 620010 (Russian Federation)] [OJSC Ural Chemical Machine Building Plant, Khibinogorskii Lane 33, Ekaterinburg, 620010 (Russian Federation)
Copper gettering by aluminum precipitates in aluminum-implanted silicon
Copper in Si is shown to be strongly gettered by Al-rich precipitates formed by implanting Al to supersaturation and followed by annealing. At temperatures ranging from 600 to 800 C a layer containing Al precipitates is found to getter Cu from Cu silicide located on the opposite side of a 0.25-mm Si wafer, indicating a substantially lower chemical potential for the Cu in the molten-A1 phase. Cu gettering proceeds rapidly until an atomic ratio of approximately 2 Cu atoms to 1 Al atom is reached in the precipitated Al region, after which the gettering process slows. Redistribution of Cu from one Al-rich layer to another at low Cu concentrations demonstrates that a segregation-type gettering mechanism is operating. Cu gettering occurs primarily in the region containing the precipitated Al rather than the region where the Al is entirely substitutional.
(Polyfluoroaryl) fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon
The (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium are novel weakly coordinating anions which are highly fluorinated. (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium have greater solubility in organic solvents, or have a coordinative ability essentially equal to or less than that of the corresponding (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, or indium in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine. Another type of new (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, and indium have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups. When used as a cocatalyst in the formation of novel catalytic complexes with d- or f-block metal compounds having at least one leaving group such as a methyl group, these anions, because of their weak coordination to the metal center, do not interfere in the ethylene polymerization process, while affecting the propylene process favorably, if highly isotactic polypropylene is desired. Thus, the (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of this invention are useful in various polymerization processes such as are described.
Marks, Tobin J. (Evanston, IL); Chen, You-Xian (Midland, MI)
Aluminum Waste Reaction Indicators in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Aluminum Waste Reaction Indicators in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Timothy D. Stark, F.ASCE1 landfills may contain aluminum from residential and commercial solid waste, industrial waste, and aluminum pro- duction wastes. Some aluminum-bearing waste materials, particularly aluminum production wastes
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium
Ahmad, Sajjad
Coated metal fiber coalescing cell
A cell is described for coalescing oil droplets dispersed in a water emulsion including an elongated perforated tube core into which the emulsion is injected, layers of oleophilic plastic covered metal mat wound about the core through which the emulsion is forced to pass, the fibers of the metal mat being covered by oleophilic plastic such as vinyl, acrylic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, the metal being in the form of layers of expanded metal or metal fibers, either aluminum or stainless steel. In manufacturing the cell a helix wound wire is formed around the cylindrical plastic coated metal to retain it in place and resist pressure drop of fluid flowing through the metal fibers. In addition, the preferred arrangement includes the use of an outer sleeve formed of a mat of fibrous material such as polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, modacrylic fibers and mixtures thereof.
Rutz, W.D.; Swain, R.J.
Evaluation of Elevated Dietary Iron and Aluminum on Growth and Survival of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of high levels of dietary Fe and Al on Litopenaeus vannamei. For the first experiment, a semi-purified basal diet was evaluated using ten diets containing graded levels...
Morgan, Jessica LeAnne
Creep of pure aluminum at cryogenic temperatures
are capable of producing stea. dy-state fields greater than 15 Tesla while conventional magnets are only capable of about 3 Tesla, . The second advantage is that superconducting magnets create very homogeneous fields. This is particularly important..., the resistivity of 99. 99% pure aluminum is lower than that of oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper. 2. As magnetic field increases above about 6 Tesla, , copper continues to increase in resistivity whereas aluminum becomes saturated, i. e. , aluminum...
McDonald, Lacy Clark
The Effect of Impurities on the Processing of Aluminum Alloys
For this Aluminum Industry of the Future (IOF) project, the effect of impurities on the processing of aluminum alloys was systematically investigated. The work was carried out as a collaborative effort between the Pennsylvania State University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Industrial support was provided by ALCOA and ThermoCalc, Inc. The achievements described below were made. A method that combines first-principles calculation and calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) was used to develop the multicomponent database Al-Ca-K-Li-Mg-Na. This method was extensively used in this project for the development of a thermodynamic database. The first-principles approach provided some thermodynamic property data that are not available in the open literature. These calculated results were used in the thermodynamic modeling as experimental data. Some of the thermodynamic property data are difficult, if not impossible, to measure. The method developed and used in this project allows the estimation of these data for thermodynamic database development. The multicomponent database Al-Ca-K-Li-Mg-Na was developed. Elements such as Ca, Li, Na, and K are impurities that strongly affect the formability and corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys. However, these impurity elements are not included in the commercial aluminum alloy database. The process of thermodynamic modeling began from Al-Na, Ca-Li, Li-Na, K-Na, and Li-K sub-binary systems. Then ternary and higher systems were extrapolated because of the lack of experimental information. Databases for five binary alloy systems and two ternary systems were developed. Along with other existing binary and ternary databases, the full database of the multicomponent Al-Ca-K-Li-Mg-Na system was completed in this project. The methodology in integrating with commercial or other aluminum alloy databases can be developed. The mechanism of sodium-induced high-temperature embrittlement (HTE) of Al-Mg is now understood. Using the thermodynamic database developed in this project, thermodynamic simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of sodium on the HTE of Al-Mg alloys. The simulation results indicated that the liquid miscibility gap resulting from the dissolved sodium in the molten material plays an important role in HTE. A liquid phase forms from the solid face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (most likely at grain boundaries) during cooling, resulting in the occurrence of HTE. Comparison of the thermodynamic simulation results with experimental measurements on the high-temperature ductility of an Al-5Mg-Na alloy shows that HTE occurs in the temperature range at which the liquid phase exists. Based on this fundamental understanding of the HTE mechanism during processing of aluminum alloy, an HTE sensitive zone and a hot-rolling safe zone of the Al-Mg-Na alloys are defined as functions of processing temperature and alloy composition. The tendency of HTE was evaluated based on thermodynamic simulations of the fraction of the intergranular sodium-rich liquid phase. Methods of avoiding HTE during rolling/extrusion of Al-Mg-based alloys were suggested. Energy and environmental benefits from the results of this project could occur through a number of avenues: (1) energy benefits accruing from reduced rejection rates of the aluminum sheet and bar, (2) reduced dross formation during the remelting of the aluminum rejects, and (3) reduced CO2 emission related to the energy savings. The sheet and extruded bar quantities produced in the United States during 2000 were 10,822 and 4,546 million pounds, respectively. It is assumed that 50% of the sheet and 10% of the bar will be affected by implementing the results of this project. With the current process, the rejection rate of sheet and bar is estimated at 5%. Assuming that at least half of the 5% rejection of sheet and bar will be eliminated by using the results of this project and that 4% of the aluminum will be lost through dross (Al2O3) during remelting of the rejects, the full-scale industrial implementation of the project results would lead to energy
Zi-Kui Liu; Shengjun Zhang; Qingyou Han; Vinod Sikka
Thermal oxidation of polycrystalline and single crystalline aluminum nitride wafers (Prop 2003-054)
Two types of aluminum nitride (AlN) samples were oxidized in flowing oxygen between 900 C and 1150 C for up to 6 h - highly (0001) textured polycrystalline AlN wafers and low defect density AlN single crystals. The N-face consistently oxidized at a faster rate than the Al-face. At 900 C and 1000 C after 6 h, the oxide was 15% thicker on the N-face than on the Al-face of polycrystalline AlN. At 1100 C and 1150 C, the oxide was only 5% thicker on the N-face, as the rate-limiting step changed from kinetically-controlled to diffusion-controlled with the oxide thickness. A linear parabolic model was established for the thermal oxidation of polycrystalline AlN on both the Al- and N-face. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of a thicker crystalline oxide film on the N-face than on the Al-face, and established the crystallographic relationship between the oxide film and substrate. The oxidation of high-quality AlN single crystals resulted in a more uniform colored oxide layer compared to polycrystalline AlN. The aluminum oxide layer was crystalline with a rough AlN/oxide interface. The orientation relationship between AlN and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was (0001) AlN//(10{bar 1}0) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and (1{bar 1}00) AlN//(01{bar 1}2) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
Speakman, Scott A [ORNL; Gu, Z [Kansas State University; Edgar, J H [Kansas State University; Blom, Douglas Allen [ORNL; Perrin, J [Kansas State University; Chaudhuri, J [Kansas State University
Nd:YAG laser welding aluminum alloys
Autogenous Nd:YAG laser welding wrought 4047, 1100, 3003, 2219, 5052, 5086, 5456, and 6061 and cast A356 aluminum alloys to cast A356 aluminum alloy in restrained annular weld joints was investigated. The welds were 12.7 mm (0.375 in.) and 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) diameter with approximately 0.30 mm (0.012 in.) penetration. This investigation determined 4047 aluminum alloy to be the optimum alloy for autogenous Nd:YAG laser welding to cast A356 aluminum alloy. This report describes the investigation and its results.
Jimenez, E. Jr.
Corrosion Control Using Regenerative Biofilms on Aluminum 2024 and Brass in Different Media
Corrosion Control Using Regenerative Biofilms on Aluminum 2024 and Brass in Different Media F. Mansfeld,a, *,z H. Hsu,a D. O¨ rnek,b T. K. Wood,b and B. C. Syrettc a Corrosion and Environmental Effects Institute, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA The corrosion behavior of Al 2024-T3 and C26000 brass exposed
Wood, Thomas K.
ABSTRACT. The corrosion behavior of iron-aluminum alloys and their potential
ABSTRACT. The corrosion behavior of iron-aluminum alloys and their potential as protective corrosion claddings in sul- fidizing environments were investigated. As-solidified castings of Fe-Al alloys characterization of the corrosion scales consisted of sur- face and cross-sectional microscopy in combination
Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa as Expressed in Tissue Culture w. A. Parrot and J. H. Bouton*
Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa as Expressed in Tissue Culture w. A. Parrot and J. H. Bouton worldandgreatlylimitgrowthof Al-sensitive cropslike alfalfa, MedicagosativaL. Alfalfagermplasmswerese- lectedto impediment to the growth of alfalfa in manyareas of the world. This is especially true if the soil contains
Parrott, Wayne
Silicon Solar Cells with Front Hetero-Contact and Aluminum Alloy Back Junction: Preprint
We prototype an alternative n-type monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell structure that utilizes an n/i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) front hetero-contact and a back p-n junction formed by alloying aluminum (Al) with the n-type Si wafer.
Yuan, H.-C.; Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Xu, Y.; Roybal, L.; Wang, Q.; Branz, H. M.; Meier, D. L.
Deformation rate effects on failure modes of open-cell Al foams and textile cellular materials
September 2005 Abstract The compressive behavior of open-cell aluminum alloy foam and stainless steel woven: Metallic cellular materials; Dynamic compression; Aluminum foams; Woven textile lattice 0020-7683/$ - see are of attracting interest for a variety of automotive, locomotive, marine, and aerospace applications (Gibson
Barthelat, Francois
Synthesizing aluminum particles towards controlling electrostatic discharge ignition sensitivity
Aluminum particles were synthesized with shell thicknesses ranging from 2.7 to 8.3 nm and a constant diameter of 95 nm. These fuel particles were combined with molybdenum trioxide particles and the electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity of the mixture was measured. Results show ignition delay increased as the alumina shell thickness increased. These results correlated with electrical resistivity measurements of the mixture which increased with alumina concentration. A model was developed using COMSOL for ignition of a single Al particle. The ignition delay in the model was consistent with the experimental results suggesting that the primary ESD ignition mechanism is joule heating.
Eric S. Collins; Jeffery P. Gesner; Michelle L. Pantoya; Michael A. Daniels
iCons, 2011 Alzheimers and Aluminum: Lesson Plan
© iCons, 2011 Alzheimers and Aluminum: Lesson Plan Handouts to explore mechanistic link between Alzheimer's and aluminum 5. Brief proposal expanding Points to Aluminum's Link With Alzheimer's Disease" from 1989. Provide handout
Auerbach, Scott M.
Interactions of Silicate Ions with Zinc(II) and Aluminum(III) in Alkaline Aqueous Solution
Interactions of Silicate Ions with Zinc(II) and Aluminum(III) in Alkaline Aqueous Solution Michel R 16, 2005 We present 29 Si, 27 Al, and 67 Zn NMR evidence to show that silicate ions in alkaline, with aluminate (Al(OH)4 - ). Zincate reacts with monomeric silicate at pH 14-15 to form [(HO)O2Si-O-Zn(OH)3
Sahai, Nita
Process for production of a metal hydride
A process for production of a metal hydride compound MH.sub.x, wherein x is one or two and M is an alkali metal, Be or Mg. The process comprises combining a compound of formula (R.sup.1O).sub.xM with aluminum, hydrogen and at least one metal selected from among titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, vanadium, tantalum and iron to produce a compound of formula MH.sub.x. R.sup.1 is phenyl or phenyl substituted by at least one alkyl or alkoxy group. A mole ratio of aluminum to (R.sup.1O).sub.xM is from 0.1:1 to 1:1. The catalyst is present at a level of at least 200 ppm based on weight of aluminum.
Allen, Nathan Tait; Butterick, III, Robert; Chin, Arthur Achhing; Millar, Dean Michael; Molzahn, David Craig
Investigation of aluminum surface cleaning using cavitating fluid flow
This paper investigates efficiency of specially designed atomizer used to spray water and cavitate microbubbles in water flow. Surface cleaning system was used to clean machined (grinded) aluminum surface from abrasive particles. It is established that cleaning efficiency depends on diameter of the diffuser, water pressure and distance between nozzle and metal surface. It is obtained that the best cleaning efficiency (100%) is achieved at pressure 36 bar, when diameter of diffuser is 0.4 mm and distance between nozzle and surface is 1 mm. It is also established that satisfactory cleaning efficiency (80%) is achieved not only when atomizer is placed closer to metal surface, but also at larger (120 mm) distances.
Ralys, Aurimas; Stri�ka, Vytautas; Mok�in, Vadim [Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Mechanics, Department of Machine Engineering, J. Basanavi?iaus str.28, 03224, Vilnius (Lithuania)
Advanced manufacturing by spray forming: Aluminum strip and microelectromechanical systems
Spray forming is an advanced materials processing technology that converts a bulk liquid metal to a near-net-shape solid by depositing atomized droplets onto a suitably shaped substrate. By combining rapid solidification processing with product shape control, spray forming can reduce manufacturing costs while improving product quality. INEL is developing a unique spray-forming method based on de Laval (converging/diverging) nozzle designs to produce near-net-shape solids and coatings of metals, polymers, and composite materials. Properties of the spray-formed material are tailored by controlling the characteristics of the spray plume and substrate. Two examples are described: high-volume production of aluminum alloy strip, and the replication of micron-scale features in micropatterned polymers during the production of microelectromechanical systems.
McHugh, K.M.
Aluminum hydroxide solubility in aqueous solutions containing fluoride ions at 50/sup 0/Cype
Aluminum hydroxide solubility experiments were performed at 50/sup 0/C using the method of May et al. (1979b). The shift observed by May at 25/sup 0/C between acidic and alkaline solution was also observed in these experiments. Infrared spectra of solids separated from solutions show that the low solubility values observed in alkaline medium can be related to the formation of a new solid phase: bayerite (or nordstrandite) (pK*/sub S/sub 4// = 13.4 at 50/sup 0/C) in the presence of initial gibbsite. A second set of experiments was performed in solutions containing fluoride ions in the 10/sup -4/-10/sup -3/ M concentration range. Fluorocomplexes are important in acidic solution; Al(OH)/sub m/F/sub p/ mixed complexes can be important in the minimum of Al solubility when total fluoride exceeds 10/sup -3/ M. The authors propose values of thermodynamic data for Al(OH)/sub 2/F/sub 2//sup -/, Al(OH)F/sub 3//sup -/, Al(OH)/sub 2/F/sup 0/ and for aluminum trifluoride solid. The difference of aluminum hydroxide solubility between acidic and alkaline medium is still observed.
Sanjuan, B.; Michard, G.
Compressive strength, plastic flow properties, and surface frictional effects of 1100, 3003 and 6061 aluminum alloys
The purpose of this study is to find aluminum alloys that are effective for use as wire vacuum seals in the 800MeV particle accelerator located at the Louis Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) in Los Alamos, NM. Three alloys, Al 1100, Al 3003, and Al 6061, are investigated under uniaxial compression to determine stresses for a given height reduction from 0 to 70 percent, and to find plastic flow and surface interaction effects. Right-circular cylindrical specimens are compressed on-end (cylindrically) and radially (for modeling as compressed wire). Aluminum 1100 and 3003 alloys are compared for length to diameter ratios of 1 and 2 for both compression types, and are then compared to results of radial compression of annealed small diameter Al 1100 wire currently used at LAMPE. The specimens are also compressed between three different platen surfaces, polished steel, etched steel, and aluminum 6061-T6, to determine effects of friction. The Al 3003 alloy exhibits 20 to 25% lower stresses at all height reductions than Al 1100 for both cylindrical and radial compression.
Pinkerton, G.W.
aluminum matrix composite: Topics by E-print Network
Topic Index 1 Joining of 6061 Aluminum Matrix-Ceramic Particle Reinforced Composites Materials Science Websites Summary: ) ) Joining of 6061 Aluminum Matrix-Ceramic Particle...
aluminum oxide layer: Topics by E-print Network
ALUMINUM OXIDE FOR THE SURFACE PASSIVATION OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY SILICON SOLAR CELLS Renewable Energy Websites Summary: ATOMIC-LAYER-DEPOSITED ALUMINUM OXIDE FOR THE...
aluminum oleate layered: Topics by E-print Network
aluminum oxide layers: Topics by E-print Network
DOE - Office of Legacy Management -- Hunter Douglas Aluminum...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
Hunter Douglas Aluminum Plant Div of Bridgeport Brass Co - CA 11 FUSRAP Considered Sites Site: HUNTER DOUGLAS ALUMINUM PLANT, DIV. OF BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. (CA.11 ) Eliminated from...
developed countries aluminum smelters consume up to 1/3 ordam to power an aluminum smelter in the 1960s, displacing
Magnesium Replacement of Aluminum Cast Components in a Production...
Magnesium Replacement of Aluminum Cast Components in a Production V6 Engine to Effect Cost-Effective Mass Reduction Magnesium Replacement of Aluminum Cast Components in a...
Aluminum industry energy conservation workshop V papers
This book contains papers given at a recent meeting sponsored by The Aluminum Association. The focus of the meeting is on energy conservation in the aluminum industry. Topics include recovery of waste heat, more energy efficient design of plants, and government policies.
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Effects of Reduction Temperature and Metal-Support Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Pt/g-Al2O3 and Pt/TiO2 for the Oxidation of CO in the Presence and Absence of H2.
TiO2- and -Al2O3-supported Pt catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, XPS, EXAFS, and in situ FTIR spectroscopy after activation at various conditions, and their catalytic properties were examined for the oxidation of CO in the absence and presence of H2 (PROX). When {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was used as the support, the catalytic, electronic, and structural properties of the Pt particles formed were not affected substantially by the pretreatment conditions. In contrast, the surface properties and catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 were strongly influenced by the pretreatment conditions. In this case, an increase in the reduction temperature led to higher electron density on Pt, altering its chemisorptive properties, weakening the Pt-CO bonds, and increasing its activity for the oxidation of CO. The in situ FTIR data suggest that both the terminal and bridging CO species adsorbed on fully reduced Pt are active for this reaction. The high activity of Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO can also be attributed to the ability of TiO2 to provide or stabilize highly reactive oxygen species at the metal-support interface. However, such species appear to be more reactive toward H{sub 2} than CO. Consequently, Pt/TiO{sub 2} shows substantially lower selectivities toward CO oxidation under PROX conditions than Pt/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
Alexeev,O.; Chin, S.; Engelhard, M.; Ortiz-Soto, L.; Amiridis, M.
Gating of Permanent Molds for ALuminum Casting
This report summarizes a two-year project, DE-FC07-01ID13983 that concerns the gating of aluminum castings in permanent molds. The main goal of the project is to improve the quality of aluminum castings produced in permanent molds. The approach taken was determine how the vertical type gating systems used for permanent mold castings can be designed to fill the mold cavity with a minimum of damage to the quality of the resulting casting. It is evident that somewhat different systems are preferred for different shapes and sizes of aluminum castings. The main problems caused by improper gating are entrained aluminum oxide films and entrapped gas. The project highlights the characteristic features of gating systems used in permanent mold aluminum foundries and recommends gating procedures designed to avoid common defects. The study also provides direct evidence on the filling pattern and heat flow behavior in permanent mold castings.
David Schwam; John F. Wallace; Tom Engle; Qingming Chang
Passivation of Aluminum in Lithium-ion Battery Electrolytes withLiBOB
A combination of cyclic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements indicate a film is formed when aluminum is polarized above 4.5V in 1:1 EC+DMC with 1M LiBOB. The quantity of film that is formed increases with increasing applied potential. Results of EQCM tests suggest the film is AlBO{sub 3}. The film is very protective against corrosion and inhibits pitting corrosion of aluminum in normally corrosive 1M LiTFSI.
Zhang, Xueyuan; Devine, Thomas M.
low-cycle fatigue life of Aluminum sheet alloys by acoustictoughness of structural aluminum alloys. Fracture . Fracturetoughness of structural aluminum alloys, Eng. Fracture Mech.
Baram, J.
Darlington AL O'Reillys AL
CanungraCk Darlington AL Darlington Coom era R O'Reillys AL Beechmont AL Binna Burra AL BackCk Tyungun AL Numinbah Valley AL NerangR Natural Bridge Numinbah AL Little Nerang Dam AL Albert R Bromfleet AL Benobble AL Wolffdene AL Luscombe AL Wongawallan AL Mt Tamborine Canungra Pimpama R Laheys Lookout
Greenslade, Diana
Cost and energy consumption estimates for the aluminum-air battery anode fuel cycle
At the request of DOE's Office of Energy Storage and Distribution (OESD), Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) conducted a study to generate estimates of the energy use and costs associated with the aluminum anode fuel cycle of the aluminum-air (Al-air) battery. The results of this analysis indicate that the cost and energy consumption characteristics of the mechanically rechargeable Al-air battery system are not as attractive as some other electrically rechargeable electric vehicle battery systems being developed by OESD. However, there are distinct advantages to mechanically rechargeable batteries, which may make the Al-air battery (or other mechanically rechargeable batteries) attractive for other uses, such as stand-alone applications. Fuel cells, such as the proton exchange membrane (PEM), and advanced secondary batteries may be better suited to electric vehicle applications. 26 refs., 3 figs., 25 tabs.
Humphreys, K.K.; Brown, D.R.
Site preferences of indium impurity atoms in intermetallics having Al3Ti and Al3Zr crystal structures
Site preferences of indium impurity atoms in intermetallics having Al3Ti and Al3Zr crystal-04843 (Metals Program) and Praveen Sinha Fund for Physics Research. L12 DO22 DO23 Cu3Au Al3Ti Al3Zr #12;Outline · Indium was doped in samples of Al3V and Al3Ti (Al3Ti structure) and Al3Zr (Al3Zr structure) by arc
DC current induced metal-insulator transition in epitaxial Sm{sub 0.6}Nd{sub 0.4}NiO{sub 3}/LaAlO{sub 3} thin film
The metal-insulator transition (MIT) in strong correlated electron materials can be induced by external perturbation in forms of thermal, electrical, optical, or magnetic fields. We report on the DC current induced MIT in epitaxial Sm{sub 0.6}Nd{sub 0.4}NiO{sub 3} (SNNO) thin film deposited by pulsed laser deposition on (001)-LaAlO{sub 3} substrate. It was found that the MIT in SNNO film not only can be triggered by thermal, but also can be induced by DC current. The T{sub MI} of SNNO film decreases from 282 K to 200 K with the DC current density increasing from 0.003 � 10{sup 9} A�m{sup ?2} to 4.9 � 10{sup 9} A�m{sup ?2}. Based on the resistivity curves measured at different temperatures, the MIT phase diagram has been successfully constructed.
Huang, Haoliang [Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China) [Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Luo, Zhenlin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Yang, Yuanjun; Yang, Mengmeng; Wang, Haibo; Hu, Sixia; Bao, Jun [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China) [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Yun, Yu; Meng, Dechao; Lu, Yalin [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)] [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Gao, Chen, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China) [Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)
Fish scale deformation analysis using scanning electron microscope: New potential biomarker in aquatic environmental monitoring of aluminum and iron contamination
Fish scale has the potential to be a rapid biomarker due to its structure and high possibility to come into contact with any pollutant in the aquatic environment. The scale structure consists of osteoblastic cells and other bone materials such as collagen where it is possible to form a molecular complex with heavy metals such as aluminum and iron. Hence, aluminum and iron in water could possibly destroy the scale material and marked as a scale deformation that quantitatively could be analyzed by comparing it to the normal scale structure. Water sampling and fish cage experiment were performed between June and July 2011 in Porong river which represented the water body that has high aluminum and iron contamination. The filtered water samples were preserved and extracted using the acid-mixture procedure prior to measurement of the aluminum and iron concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), while samples for total suspended solid (TSS) analysis were kept at 4 �C in cool-boxes. The scales were cleaned with sterile water, then dehydrated in 30, 50, 70, and 90% ethanol and dried on filter papers. They were then mounted on an aluminum stub and coated with gold in a sputter coater prior to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation. According to the SEM analysis, it was found that there were several deformations on the scale samples taken from sites that have high concentrations of aluminum and iron i.e. the increasing number of pits, deformation and decreasing number of spherules and ridges while the control scale exhibited the normal features. However, the site with higher TSS and pH indicated lower aluminum effect. A moderate correlation was found between the number of pits with aluminum (r=0.43) and iron (r=0.41) concentrations. Fish scale deformation using SEM analysis can potentially be a rapid biomarker in aquatic monitoring of aluminum and iron contamination. However, the measurement must be accompanied by pH and TSS observations.
Hidayati, Dewi; Sulaiman, Norela; Othman, Shuhaimi; Ismail, B. S. [School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor (Malaysia)
High Methane Storage Capacity in Aluminum Metal-Organic Frameworks |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest Region service area. TheEPSCIResearchGulfCenterHeavy Ions| Center
Thin-film solar cell fabricated on a flexible metallic substrate
A thin-film solar cell (10) is provided. The thin-film solar cell (10) comprises a flexible metallic substrate (12) having a first surface and a second surface. A back metal contact layer (16) is deposited on the first surface of the flexible metallic substrate (12). A semiconductor absorber layer (14) is deposited on the back metal contact. A photoactive film deposited on the semiconductor absorber layer (14) forms a heterojunction structure and a grid contact (24) deposited on the heterjunction structure. The flexible metal substrate (12) can be constructed of either aluminium or stainless steel. Furthermore, a method of constructing a solar cell is provided. The method comprises providing an aluminum substrate (12), depositing a semiconductor absorber layer (14) on the aluminum substrate (12), and insulating the aluminum substrate (12) from the semiconductor absorber layer (14) to inhibit reaction between the aluminum substrate (12) and the semiconductor absorber layer (14).
Tuttle, John R.; Noufi, Rommel; Hasoon, Falah S.
Thin-Film Solar Cell Fabricated on a Flexible Metallic Substrate
Tuttle, J. R.; Noufi, R.; Hasoon, F. S.
ALUMINUM--1998 5.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
ALUMINUM--1998 5.1 ALUMINUM By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared, international data coordinator. In 1998, 13 domestic companies operated 23 primary aluminum reduction plants to be $5.4 billion. Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap decreased to approximately 3.4 million tons
ALUMINUM--1999 5.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
ALUMINUM--1999 5.1 ALUMINUM By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared, international data coordinator. In 1999, 12 domestic companies operated 23 primary aluminum reduction plants to be $5.5 billion. During the year, two proposed mergers that involved five major aluminum companies were
ALUMINUM--2000 6.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
ALUMINUM--2000 6.1 ALUMINUM By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared, international data coordinator. In 2000, 12 domestic companies operated 23 primary aluminum reduction plants to be $6 billion. Increased energy costs, particularly in the Pacific Northwest, led several aluminum
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM OXIDE
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM OXIDE A thesis submitted deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide on crystalline silicon and anodized aluminum substrates. A homemade ALD system is used with trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water as precursors to deposit uniform aluminum oxide
Belanger, David P.
Materials Science and Engineering A 491 (2008) 88102 Plastic deformation of Al and AA5754 between 4.2 K and 295 K
reserved. Keywords: Aluminum; AA5754 Al alloys; Plastic deformation; Electrical resistivity; Work hardening; Strain rate sensitivity; Dislocation density; Fracture 1. Introduction Aluminum alloys of the 5000 (AlMg) series have been con- sidered for structural applications in the automotive industry [1]. The non
Niewczas, Marek
Strengthening behavior of chopped multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Strengthening behavior of the aluminum composites reinforced with chopped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or aluminum carbide formed during annealing at 500 �C has been investigated. The composites were fabricated by hot-rolling the powders which were ball-milled under various conditions. During the early annealing process, aluminum atoms can cluster inside the tube due to the diffusional flow of aluminum atoms into the tube, providing an increase of the strength of the composite. Further annealing induces the formation of the aluminum carbide phase, leading to an overall drop in the strength of the composites. While the strength of the composites can be evaluated according to the rule of mixture, a particle spacing effect can be additionally imparted on the strength of the composites reinforced with the chopped MWCNTs or the corresponding carbides since the reinforcing agents are smaller than the submicron matrix grains. - Highlights: � Strengthening behavior of chopped CNT reinforced Al-based composites is investigated. � Chopped CNTs have influenced the strength and microstructures of the composites. � Chopped CNTs are created under Ar- 3% H2 atmosphere during mechanical milling. � Strength can be evaluated by the rule of the mixture and a particle spacing effect.
Shin, S.E.; Bae, D.H., E-mail: email@example.com
Identification of aluminum scale with the aid of synthetically produced basic aluminum fluoride complexes
Aluminum scaling can be a problem following HF acidizing. In this paper, a series of synthetic aluminum scales was prepared and identified. The aluminum compounds of a field scale were identified with similar procedures. Recent field work showed that the use of acetic acid in the HF acidizing sequences significantly decreased scaling. The role of acetic acid is discussed on the basis of laboratory support of these field data.
Shuchart, C.E. (Halliburton Services, Duncan, OK (United States)); Ali, S.A. (Chevron U.S.A. Inc., New Orleans, LA (United States))
Method For Improving The Oxidation Resistance Of Metal Substrates Coated With Thermal Barrier Coatings
A method for providing a protective coating on a metal-based substrate is disclosed. The method involves the application of an aluminum-rich mixture to the substrate to form a discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles, followed by the application of a second coating over the discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles. Aluminum diffuses from the aluminum-rich layer into the substrate, and into any bond coat layer which is subsequently applied. Related articles are also described. A method for providing a protective coating on a metal-based substrate is disclosed. The method involves the application of an aluminum-rich mixture to the substrate to form a discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles, followed by the application of a second coating over the discontinuous layer of aluminum-rich particles. Aluminum diffuses from the aluminum-rich layer into the substrate, and into any bond coat layer which is subsequently applied. Related articles are also described.
Mechanical behavior of sandwich panels with hollow AlSi tubes core construction Jian Xiong a
panels have been traditionally made of stochastic cores such as aluminum alloy foams [6,7] or micro. The AlSi alloys are widely used in aerospace, marine, automotive and other engineering applications due
Vaziri, Ashkan
On the origin of the two-dimensional electron gas at AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions and its influence on recessed-gate metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors
It is commonly accepted that interface states at the passivation surface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures play an important role in the formation of the 2DEG density. Several interface state models are cited throughout literature, some with discrete levels, others with different kinds of distributions, or a combination of both. The purpose of this article is to compare the existing interface state models with both direct and indirect measurements of these interface states from literature (e.g., through the hysteresis of transfer characteristics of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (MISHEMTs) employing such an interface in the gate region) and Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations of 2DEG densities as a function of the AlGaN thickness. The discrepancies between those measurements and TCAD simulations (also those commonly found in literature) are discussed. Then, an alternative model inspired by the Disorder Induced Gap State model for compound semiconductors is proposed. It is shown that defining a deep border trap inside the insulator can solve these discrepancies and that this alternative model can explain the origin of the two dimensional electron gas in combination with a high-quality interface that, by definition, has a low interface state density.
Bakeroot, B., E-mail: email@example.com [Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 914a, 9052 Gent (Belgium); You, S.; Van Hove, M.; De Jaeger, B.; Geens, K.; Stoffels, S.; Decoutere, S. [imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Wu, T.-L.; Hu, J. [imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)
TUNGSTEN AND HAFNIUM DISTRIBUTION IN CALCIUM-ALUMINUM INCLUSIONS (CAIs) FROM ALLENDE AND EFREMOVKA. M. Humayun1
TUNGSTEN AND HAFNIUM DISTRIBUTION IN CALCIUM-ALUMINUM INCLUSIONS (CAIs) FROM ALLENDE AND EFREMOVKA with, or even earlier than, metal from CAIs and chondrules [3]. Tungsten isotope compositions represent veins [5]. Tungsten mobility is cause for concern, but is not sufficient evidence against the Kleine et
Grossman, Lawrence
Metal-air battery assessment
The objective of this report is to evaluate the present technical status of the zinc-air, aluminum/air and iron/air batteries and assess their potential for use in an electric vehicle. In addition, this report will outline proposed research and development priorities for the successful development of metal-air batteries for electric vehicle application. 39 refs., 25 figs., 11 tabs.
Sen, R.K.; Van Voorhees, S.L.; Ferrel, T.
Aluminum oxyhydroxide based separator/electrolyte and battery system, and a method of making the same
The instant invention relates a solid-state electrochemical cell and a novel separator/electrolyte incorporated therein. The invented electrochemical cell generally comprising: a unique metal oxyhydroxide based (i.e. AlOOH) separator/electrolyte membrane sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode. The novel separator/electrolyte comprises a nanoparticulate metal oxyhydroxide, preferably AlOOH and a salt which are mixed and then pressed together to form a monolithic metal oxyhydroxide-salt membrane.
Gerald, II; Rex E. (Brookfield, IL); Klingler, Robert J. (Glenview, IL); Rathke, Jerome W. (Homer Glen, IL)
An optimal replacement problem in aluminum production
The aluminum production facility operated by ALCOA in Rockdale, Texas produces aluminum in a continuous manufacturing environment using steel carbon-lined smelting pots. As a result of the production process of running electricity through an electrolytic... technique known as dynamic programming, the minimum expected cost can be determined for a finite horizon Markov decision problem. This was accomplished using value iteration, a computer program written in C language, and data obtained from ALCOA...
Spanks, Lisa Marie
DYNAMIC FAILURE OF METALLIC CELLULAR MATERIALS S. LEE and H.D. ESPINOSA
interest in the protection design in automotive, locomotive, naval structures, and aerospace. Metallic not observe any rate dependency for the crashing stress of aluminum foams. These discrepancies from different within the specimen at very high strain rates. A model for shock waves in closed cell aluminum foams
Espinosa, Horacio D.
Corrosion protection and galvanic corrosion prevention for 7075 Al and Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloys. Final report
Sulfuric-acid-anodized and electroless-nickel-plated 7075 aluminum alloy panels successfully passed 96 hours of salt spray testing when galvanically coupled to duplex-annealed Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloy panels. Adherent paint deposits were produced on the titanium alloy and electroless nickel surfaces using a wash primer, an epoxy primer, and a urethane paint coating. A painted part survived 35 cycles of alternating salt spray and hot and freezing environments without blistering. A low chloride cutting fluid was selected for production machining of Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, based on chemical analysis and stress-corrosion tests. A cleaning process was developed to remove both titanium and aluminum cutting fluids. Modified wedge-opening-loading specimens were used to verify that no stress-corrosion cracking problems occurred with the duplex-annealed Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloy because of residual titanium or aluminum cutting fluids.
Clay, F.A.
Adhesion of anodic films on aluminum-lithium alloys
During anodizing of certain binary Al alloys, the growing anodic oxide film detaches from the alloy substrate, subsequently allowing access of the electrolyte to the underlying bare metal and re-anodizing at a high current density. An Al-3% Li alloy was shown to reveal these phenomena, which are associated with the development of voids at the alloy/film interface as the film thickens. The development of voids, assisting the film detachment, was attributed to the reduced volume of lithium oxide (Li[sub 2]O) formed at the alloy/film interface and compared to that of alumina (Al[sub 2]O[sub 3]).
Skeldon, P.; Zhou, X.; Thompson, G.E.; Wood, G.C. (Univ. of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (United Kingdom). Corrosion and Protection Centre); Habazaki, H. (Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Inst. for Materials Research); Shimizu, K. (Keio Univ., Hiyoshi, Yokohama (Japan). University Chemical Lab.)
High pressure synthesis and crystal structure of a ternary superconductor Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} containing layer structured calcium sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus
The Zintl compound CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is peritectically decomposed to a mixture of Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} and aluminum metal at temperatures above 600 Degree-Sign C under a pressure of 5 GPa. The new ternary compound Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Sl{sub 4} crystalizes with the space group Cmc2{sub 1} and the lattice parameters a=5.8846(8), b=14.973(1), and c=7.7966(5) A. The structure is composed of aluminum silicide framework [Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4}] and layer structured [Ca{sub 2}] network interpenetrating with each other. The electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) shows the formation of solid solutions Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3-x}Si{sub 4+x} (x<0.6). The layer structured [Ca{sub 2}] sub-network is isomorphous with black phosphorus. The new ternary compound shows superconductivity with a transition temperature (T{sub c}) of 6.4 K. The band structure calculation suggests that the superconductivity should occur through the conduction bands mainly composed of 3p orbitals of the aluminum silicide framework. - Graphical abstract: A new ternary superconductor Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} has been prepared under high pressure and high temperature conditions, which includes layer structured calcium sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A typical Zintl compound CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} melts congruently at ambient pressure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Under high pressure CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} decomposes to Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} and Al at {approx}600 Degree-Sign C. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} contains Ca sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} shows superconductivity with a transition temperature of 6.4 K.
Tanaka, Masashi; Zhang, Shuai; Tanaka, Yuki; Inumaru, Kei [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan)] [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan); Yamanaka, Shoji, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan)] [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan)
Rechargeable aluminum batteries with conducting polymers as positive electrodes.
This report is a summary of research results from an Early Career LDRD project con-ducted from January 2012 to December 2013 at Sandia National Laboratories. Demonstrated here is the use of conducting polymers as active materials in the posi-tive electrodes of rechargeable aluminum-based batteries operating at room tempera-ture. The battery chemistry is based on chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolytes, which allow reversible stripping and plating of aluminum metal at the negative elec-trode. Characterization of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole films revealed doping of the polymers with chloroaluminate anions, which is a quasi-reversible reac-tion that facilitates battery cycling. Stable galvanostatic cycling of polypyrrole and polythiophene cells was demonstrated, with capacities at near-theoretical levels (30-100 mAh g-1) and coulombic efficiencies approaching 100%. The energy density of a sealed sandwich-type cell with polythiophene at the positive electrode was estimated as 44 Wh kg-1, which is competitive with state-of-the-art battery chemistries for grid-scale energy storage.
Hudak, Nicholas S.
Method for electrochemical decontamination of radioactive metal
A decontamination method for stripping radionuclides from the surface of stainless steel or aluminum material comprising the steps of contacting the metal with a moderately acidic carbonate/bicarbonate electrolyte solution containing sodium or potassium ions and thereafter electrolytically removing the radionuclides from the surface of the metal whereby radionuclides are caused to be stripped off of the material without corrosion or etching of the material surface.
Ekechukwu, Amy A. (Augusta, GA)
Desorption and sublimation kinetics for fluorinated aluminum nitride surfaces
The adsorption and desorption of halogen and other gaseous species from surfaces is a key fundamental process for both wet chemical and dry plasma etch and clean processes utilized in nanoelectronic fabrication processes. Therefore, to increase the fundamental understanding of these processes with regard to aluminum nitride (AlN) surfaces, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been utilized to investigate the desorption kinetics of water (H{sub 2}O), fluorine (F{sub 2}), hydrogen (H{sub 2}), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and other related species from aluminum nitride thin film surfaces treated with an aqueous solution of buffered hydrogen fluoride (BHF) diluted in methanol (CH{sub 3}OH). Pre-TPD XPS measurements of the CH{sub 3}OH:BHF treated AlN surfaces showed the presence of a variety of Al-F, N-F, Al-O, Al-OH, C-H, and C-O surfaces species in addition to Al-N bonding from the AlN thin film. The primary species observed desorbing from these same surfaces during TPD measurements included H{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O, HF, F{sub 2}, and CH{sub 3}OH with some evidence for nitrogen (N{sub 2}) and ammonia (NH{sub 3}) desorption as well. For H{sub 2}O, two desorption peaks with second order kinetics were observed at 195 and 460?�C with activation energies (E{sub d}) of 51?�?3 and 87?�?5?kJ/mol, respectively. Desorption of HF similarly exhibited second order kinetics with a peak temperature of 475?�C and E{sub d} of 110?�?5?kJ/mol. The TPD spectra for F{sub 2} exhibited two peaks at 485 and 585?�C with second order kinetics and E{sub d} of 62?�?3 and 270?�?10?kJ/mol, respectively. These values are in excellent agreement with previous E{sub d} measurements for desorption of H{sub 2}O from SiO{sub 2} and AlF{sub x} from AlN surfaces, respectively. The F{sub 2} desorption is therefore attributed to fragmentation of AlF{sub x} species in the mass spectrometer ionizer. H{sub 2} desorption exhibited an additional high temperature peak at 910?�C with E{sub d}?=?370?�?10?kJ/mol that is consistent with both the dehydrogenation of surface AlOH species and H{sub 2} assisted sublimation of AlN. Similarly, N{sub 2} exhibited a similar higher temperature desorption peak with E{sub d}?=?535?�?40?kJ/mol that is consistent with the activation energy for direct sublimation of AlN.
King, Sean W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Davis, Robert F. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (United States); Nemanich, Robert J. [Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (United States)
BASED ON THE NIOBIUM-ALUMINUM-SILICON SYSTEM Gary C. Quinnpsi. Photomicrograph of an Aluminum-Silicon eutectic filledmultifilimentary niobium-aluminum-silicon wire, a) sample #
Quinn, G.C.
PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORYDURING PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM J. Baram Materialsof polycrystalline aluminum, of different grain sizes and at
Aluminum and copper in drinking water enhance inflammatory oroxidative events specifically in the brain
effects of iron and aluminum on stress-related genelopathy syndrome. Possible aluminum intoxication. N. Engl.Chronic exposure to aluminum in drinking water increases
Bondy, Stephen Bondy C
Mechanical properties and microstructures of dual phase steels containing silicon, aluminum and molybdenum
STEELS CONTAINING SILICON, ALUMINUM AND MOLYBDENUM Thomasdeoxidizing action of aluminum results in grain refinementquench martensite, Both (a) and Aluminum particle within the
Neill, Thomas John O'
OF DECOMPOSITION OF ALUMINUM SULFATE Gary F. Knutsen (M. S.OF DECOMPOSITION OF ALUMINUM SULFATE Contents Abstract . .OF DECOMPOSITION OF ALUMINUM SULFATE Gary F. Knutsen
Knutsen, G.F.
A Study of Aluminum Dependent Root Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana
symptom triggered by aluminum, but not the primary cause ofRI (1986) Characterization of hydroxy-aluminum solutionsby aluminum-27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soil
Nezames, Cynthia
Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression in common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris) for aluminum resistance
transition zone is the most aluminum-sensitive apical rootsoils is mainly limited by aluminum toxicity. In addition,L. under conditions of aluminum stress. Plant Physiol 104:
Eticha, Dejene; Zahn, Marc; Rao, Idupulapati M.; Horst, Walter J.
Aluminum Microfoams for Reduced Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions of Transportation Systems
on the foamability of Aluminum alloy . Journal of MaterialFoamability of particle reinforced Aluminum Melt. Ma. -wiss.particle-stabilised Aluminum foams . Advanced Engineering
Pilon, Laurent
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum cars Sample Search Results
Aluminum Plants Background... . "DSIs" is often used interchangeably with aluminum smelters because aluminum smelters account... for the vast bulk of this categories'...
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(Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon
The (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium are novel weakly coordinating anions which are are highly fluorinated. (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium have greater solubility in organic solvents, or have a coordinative ability essentially equal to or less than that of the corresponding (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, or indium in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine. Another type of new (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, and indium have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups. When used as a cocatalyst in the formation of novel catalytic complexes with d- or f-block metal compounds having at least one leaving group such as a methyl group, these anions, because of their weak coordination to the metal center, do not interefere in the ethylene polymerization process, while affecting the the propylene process favorably, if highly isotactic polypropylene is desired. Thus, the (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of this invention are useful in various polymerization processes such as are described.
Volatilization of Fission Products from Metallic Melts in the Melt-Dilute Treatment Technology Development for Al-Based DOE Spent Nuclear Fuels
The melt-dilute treatment technology is being developed to facilitate the ultimate disposition of highly enriched Al-Base DOE spent nuclear fuels in a geologic repository such as that proposed for Yucca Mountain. Currently, approximately 28 MTHM is expected to be returned to the Savannah River Site from domestic and foreign research reactors. The melt-dilute treatment technology will melt the fuel assemblies to reduce their volume and alloys them with depleted uranium to isotopically dilute the 235U concentration. The resulting alloy is cast into a form for long term geologic repository storage. Benefits accrued from the melt-dilute process include the potential for significant volume reduction; reduced criticality potential, and proliferation concerns. A critical technology element in the development of the melt-dilute process is the development of offgas system requirements. The volatilization of radioactive species during the melting stage of the process primarily constitutes the offgas in this process. Several of the species present following irradiation of a fuel assembly have been shown to be volatile or semi-volatile under reactor core melt-down conditions. Some of the key species that have previously been studied are krypton, iodine, and cesium. All of these species have been shown to volatilize during melting experiments however, the degree to which they are released is highly dependent upon atmosphere, fuel burnup, temperature, and fuel composition. With this in mind an analytical and experimental program has been undertaken to assess the volatility and capture of species under the melt-dilute operating conditions.
Adams, T.
Hydrated metal oxides or oxyhydroxides boehmite and gibbsite that can form on spent aluminum-clad nuclear fuel assemblies during in-core and post-discharge wet storage were exposed as granular powders to gamma irradiation in a {sup 60}Co irradiator in closed laboratory test vessels with air and with argon as separate cover gases. The results show that boehmite readily evolves hydrogen with exposure up to a dose of 1.8 x 10{sup 8} rad, the maximum tested, in both a full-dried and moist condition of the powder, whereas only a very small measurable quantity of hydrogen was generated from the granular powder of gibbsite. Specific information on the test setup, sample characteristics, sample preparation, irradiation, and gas analysis are described.
Fisher, D.; Westbrook, M.; Sindelar, R.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and interface of SiC particle reinforced 2124 Al matrix composite
The microstructure and interface between metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement of a composite play an important role in improving its properties. In the present investigation, the interface and intermetallic compound present in the samples were characterized to understand structural stability at an elevated temperature. Aluminum based 2124 alloy with 10 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced composite was prepared through vortex method and the solid ingot was deformed by hot rolling for better particle distribution. Heat treatment of the composite was carried out at 575 �C with varying holding time from 1 to 48 h followed by water quenching. In this study, the microstructure and interface of the SiC particle reinforced Al based composites have been studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) associated with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the precipitate and intermetallic phases that are formed during heat treatment. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. The microstructure analyses of Al�SiC composite after heat treatment reveal that a wide range of dispersed phases are formed at grain boundary and surrounding the SiC particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirm that finely dispersed phases are CuAl{sub 2} and CuMgAl{sub 2} intermetallic and large spherical phases are Fe{sub 2}SiAl{sub 8} or Al{sub 15}(Fe,Mn){sub 3}Si. It is also observed that a continuous layer enriched with Cu and Mg of thickness 50�80 nm is formed at the interface in between Al and SiC particles. EDS analysis also confirms that Cu and Mg are segregated at the interface of the composite while no carbide is identified at the interface. - Highlights: � The composite was successfully heat treated at 575�C for 1-48 hrs. � A layer of 50-75 nm is formed at interface after heat treatment. � No Carbide formation and SiC dissolution is observed at this temperature. � MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}, CuMgAl{sub 2} phases are segregated at interface of Al-SiC composite. � Mg and Cu are also segregated at near to the grain boundary.
Mandal, Durbadal, E-mail: email@example.com [MEF Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India); Viswanathan, Srinath [Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)
Method for gas bubble and void control and removal from metals
A method is described for enhancing the diffusion of gas bubbles or voids attached to impurity precipitates, and biasing their direction of migration out of the host metal (or metal alloy) by applying a temperature gradient across the host metal (or metal alloy). In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impurity metal is insoluble in the host metal and has a melting point lower than the melting point of the host material. Also, preferably the impurity metal is lead or indium and the host metal is aluminum or a metal alloy. 2 figs.
Siclen, C.D. Van; Wright, R.N.
A method for enhancing the diffusion of gas bubbles or voids attached to impurity precipitates, and biasing their direction of migration out of the host metal (or metal alloy) by applying a temperature gradient across the host metal (or metal alloy). In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impurity metal is insoluble in the host metal and has a melting point lower than the melting point of the host material. Also, preferably the impurity metal is lead or indium and the host metal is aluminum or a metal alloy.
Van Siclen, Clinton D. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wright, Richard N. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Fluoride, aluminum, and phosphate kinetics in cryolite workers
Exposure to cryolite (Na3AlF6) dust may result in skeletal fluorosis. Eight male workers at a cryolite concentrator participated in a 4-day study after 5 days of vacation. Dust exposures were 0.16 to 21.2 mg/m3. Urine was collected before work began and during two 4-hour periods. Preshift urine fluoride concentrations increased during the week. Fluoride concentrations in postshift urine and serum both correlated with the dust exposures. Serum fluoride concentrations decreased with a half-life of 3.3 to 6.9 hours after work. Fluoride clearance was 40.5 to 76.5 mL/min at urinary flow rates of 0.89 to 2.21 mL/min. Serum aluminum concentrations varied without relation to the exposure, but the urinary aluminum excretion correlated with the fluoride levels. Preshift serum-phosphate concentrations increased significantly during the week, possibly indicating changes in mineral metabolism. For monitoring of individual uptake of cryolite dust, serum fluoride measurements are most useful.
Grandjean, P.; Horder, M.; Thomassen, Y. (Odense Univ. (Denmark))
Radiation tolerance of piezoelectric bulk single-crystal aluminum nitride
For practical use in harsh radiation environments, we pose selection criteria for piezoelectric materials for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and material characterization. Using these criteria, piezoelectric aluminum nitride is shown to be an excellent candidate. The results of tests on an aluminumnitride-based transducer operating in a nuclear reactor are also presented. We demonstrate the tolerance of single-crystal piezoelectric aluminum nitride after fast and thermal neutron fluences of 1.85 � 1018 neutron/cm2 and 5.8 � 1018 neutron/cm2, respectively, and a gamma dose of 26.8 MGy. The radiation hardness of AlN is most evident from the unaltered piezoelectric coefficient d33, which measured 5.5 pC/N after a fast and thermal neutron exposure in a nuclear reactor core for over 120 MWh, in agreement with the published literature value. The results offer potential for improving reactor safety and furthering the understanding of radiation effects on materials by enabling structural health monitoring and NDE in spite of the high levels of radiation and high temperatures, which are known to destroy typical commercial ultrasonic transducers.
David A. Parks; Bernhard R. Tittmann
New Opportunities for Metals Extraction and Waste Treatment by Electrochemical Processing in Molten Salts
Molten salt electrolysis is a proven technology for the extraction of metals -- all the world's primary aluminum is produced in this manner. The unique properties of molten salts also make them
Sadoway, Donald R.
The evaluation of the corrosion resistance of metallic substrates protected by a hydrophobic coating
the performance of hydrophobic materials in corrosion service, metallic substrates of aluminum, copper, and steel were coated with a hydrophobic coating termed conformal and subjected to a variety of intensive analytical examinations including Electrochemical...
Lee, Daniel G
OXYDATION ET PHNOMNE DE PESTE DE L'ALUMINIURE DE NIOBIUM NbAl3
, une couche interne de Nb2Al, une couche externe d'alumine NbAl3/Nb2Al/Al2O3 . Au-dessous de 1100 °C comme application. Abstract. 2014 The niobium aluminide NbAl3 is the major component of the aluminum-base protective coatings on niobium alloys. The oxidation behaviour of this compound has been studied
Aluminum composition dependence of reactive ion etching of AIGaAs with CCI2F2:02
Aluminum composition dependence of reactive ion etching of AIGaAs with CCI2F2:02 s. J. Pearton, W; accepted for publication 12 May 1989) The etch rate and surface chemistry of Al"Ga, _ xAs after reactive. Annealing at 500 °C for 30 s almost restores the initial electrical properties of the material
Florida, University of
Atomic absorption monitor for deposition process control of aluminum at 394 nm using frequency-doubled diode laser
Atomic absorption monitor for deposition process control of aluminum at 394 nm using frequency November 1995 A monitor for Al vapor density based on atomic absorption AA using a frequency of atomic absorption AA as a monitor for thickness and composition control in physical vapor deposi- tion
Fejer, Martin M.
Concentration efficiency of doping in phosphors: Investigation of the copper-and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide
Concentration efficiency of doping in phosphors: Investigation of the copper- and aluminum October 2003 We studied the effect of dopant concentration in ZnS:Cu, Al phosphor. Photoluminescent PL intensity of the chemically etched phosphor particles increased up to 140%, which proved the existence
Grujicic, Mica
THE ALU+ CONCEPT: N-TYPE SILICON SOLAR CELLS WITH SURFACE- PASSIVATED SCREEN-PRINTED ALUMINUM stability during firing in a conveyor belt furnace at 900°C. We implement our newly developed passivated Al-p+ emitter into an n + np + solar cell structure, the so-called ALU + cell. An independently confirmed
Method for inhibiting alkali metal corrosion of nickel-containing alloys
Structural components of nickel-containing alloys within molten alkali metal systems are protected against corrosion during the course of service by dissolving therein sufficient aluminum, silicon, or manganese to cause the formation and maintenance of a corrosion-resistant intermetallic reaction layer created by the interaction of the molten metal, selected metal, and alloy.
DeVan, Jackson H. (Oak Ridge, TN); Selle, James E. (Westminster, CO)
Size Effect of SiC Particle on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of SiCp/Al Composites
Cp/Al composites were fabricated using aluminum alloy ZL101 as the matrix material, and SiC particles respectively. The results show that the SiC particles can distribute uniformly in the aluminum matrix using matrix or reinforced materials [1-5]. They are promising materials for aerospace, automotive, thermal
Qin, Qinghua
Refining of solid ferrous scrap intermingled with copper by using molten aluminum
A new approach for the removal of copper from solid ferrous scrap has been proposed by the present authors. With this process, solid ferrous scrap intermingled with pure copper is brought into contact with molten aluminum, which dissolved copper preferentially, and is recovered as {l_brace}Al + Cu{r_brace} alloys. After a duration of 30 minutes at temperatures between 963 K and 1,223 K, steel scrap is removed from the bath, resulting in being free of copper contamination.
Iwase, M. [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Energy Science and Engineering
Adhesion, Atomic Structure, and Bonding at theAdhesion, Atomic Structure, and Bonding at the ----AlAl22OO33(0001)/Al(111) Interface:(0001)/Al(111) Interface
Adhesion, Atomic Structure, and Bonding at theAdhesion, Atomic Structure, and Bonding at the ----AlAl22OO33(0001)/Al(111) Interface:(0001)/Al(111) Interface: A First Principles StudyA First Principles--ceramic interfaces are ubiquitous in many industrial applications: Microelectronics Al and other metals
24 JOM May 1998 The lightest of all metals, lithium is used
of applications, including the production of organolithium compounds, as an alloying addition to aluminum and mag and aluminum, the dominant structuralmetals,andwiththoseofmag- nesium and titanium, both considered too pricey that its market distribution may be radically al- tered by rapid growth in one applica- tion: automotive
Sadoway, Donald Robert
Electrodeposition of nickel-aluminum alloys from the aluminum chloride-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt
The electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Al alloys on glassy carbon was investigated in the 66.7--33.3 mole percent (m/o) Al chloride-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride molten salt containing electrogenerated Ni(II) at 40 C. The electrodeposition of Ni on glassy carbon involves 3-D progressive nucleation on a finite number of active sites with hemispherical diffusion-controlled growth of the nuclei. At potentials slightly more negative than those needed to induce the reduction of Ni(II) to the metal, Al is codeposited with Ni to produce Ni-Al alloys. Controlled-potential and controlled-current experiments revealed that it is possible to produce alloy deposits containing up to approximately 40 atomic percent (a/o) Al under conditions that circumvent the bulk deposition of Al. The Al content of the Ni-Al deposit was found to vary linearly with the deposition potential but nonlinearly with the current density. The electrodeposited Ni-Al alloys are thermodynamically unstable with respect to Ni(II), i.e., immersion of the alloy deposit in melt containing Ni(II) under open-circuit conditions leads to a reduction in the Al content of the alloy. The mechanism of alloy formation appears to involve underpotential deposition of Al on the developing Ni deposit; however, alloy formation must be kinetically hindered because the Al content is always less than predicted from theoretical considerations. Ni-Al alloys produced at 0.30 V in melt containing Ni(II) and 20% (w/w) benzene as a cosolvent contained about 15 a/o Ni and were of high quality with a disordered fcc structure, but alloys produced at more negative potentials had the visual appearance of a loosely adherent, finely divided, black powder and were heavily contaminated with chloride, probably as a result of the occlusion of the molten salt solvent by the dendritic alloy deposit during deposit growth.
Pitner, W.R.; Hussey, C.L. [Univ. of Mississippi, University, MS (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Stafford, G.R. [National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Lab.
Laser assisted high entropy alloy coating on aluminum: Microstructural evolution
High entropy alloy (Al-Fe-Co-Cr-Ni) coatings were synthesized using laser surface engineering on aluminum substrate. Electron diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of solid solution of body centered cubic high entropy alloy phase along with phases with long range periodic structures within the coating. Evolution of such type of microstructure was a result of kinetics associated with laser process, which generates higher temperatures and rapid cooling resulting in retention of high entropy alloy phase followed by reheating and/or annealing in subsequent passes of the laser track giving rise to partial decomposition. The partial decomposition resulted in formation of precipitates having layered morphology with a mixture of high entropy alloy rich phases, compounds, and long range ordered phases.
Katakam, Shravana; Joshi, Sameehan S.; Mridha, Sanghita; Mukherjee, Sundeep; Dahotre, Narendra B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1150 Union Circle, 305310 Denton, Texas 76203-5017 (United States)
ALS Visitors
including Ethan Crumlin (at right) about current research in energy storage and battery efficiency. Berkeleyside Editor Lance Knoble toured the ALS and Berkeley Lab with...
Glass ceramics for sealing to high-thermal-expansion metals
Glass ceramics were studied, formulated in the Na/sub 2/O CaO.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, Na/sub 2/O.BaOP/sub 2/O/sub 5/, Na/sub 2/O.Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, and Li/sub 2/O.BaO.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ systems to establish their suitability for sealing to high thermal expansion metals, e.g. aluminum, copper, and 300 series stainless steels. Glass ceramics in Na/sub 2/O.CaO.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and Na/sub 2/O.BaO.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ systems have coefficients of thermal expansion in the range 140 x 10/sup -1/ per /sup 0/C less than or equal to ..cap alpha.. less than or equal to 225 x 10/sup -7/ per /sup 0/C and fracture toughness values generally greater than those of phosphate glasses; they are suitable for fabricating seals to high thermal expansion metals. Crystal phases include NaPo/sub 3/, (NaPO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, NaBa(PO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, and NaCa(PO/sub 3/)/sub 3/. Glass ceramics formed in the Na/sub 2/O.Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ systems have coefficients of thermal expansion greater than 240 x 10/sup -7/ per /sup 0/C, but they have extensive microcracking. Due to their low thermal expansion values (..cap alpha.. less than or equal to 120 x 10/sup -7/ per /sup 0/C), glass ceramics in the Li/sub 2/O.BaO.P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ system are unsuitable for sealing to high thermal expansion metals.
Wilder, Jr., J. A.
Exploration of R2XM2 (R=Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, rare earth; X=main group element; M=transition metal, Si, Ge): Structural Motifs, the novel Compound Gd2AlGe2 and Analysis of the U3Si2 and Zr3Al2 Structure Types
In the process of exploring and understanding the influence of crystal structure on the system of compounds with the composition Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4} several new compounds were synthesized with different crystal structures, but similar structural features. In Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4}, the main feature of interest is the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), which allows the material to be useful in magnetic refrigeration applications. The MCE is based on the magnetic interactions of the Gd atoms in the crystal structure, which varies with x (the amount of Si in the compound). The crystal structure of Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4} can be thought of as being formed from two 3{sup 2}434 nets of Gd atoms, with additional Gd atoms in the cubic voids and Si/Ge atoms in the trigonal prismatic voids. Attempts were made to substitute nonmagnetic atoms for magnetic Gd using In, Mg and Al. Gd{sub 2}MgGe{sub 2} and Gd{sub 2}InGe{sub 2} both possess the same 3{sup 2}434 nets of Gd atoms as Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4}, but these nets are connected differently, forming the Mo{sub 2}FeB{sub 2} crystal structure. A search of the literature revealed that compounds with the composition R{sub 2}XM{sub 2} (R=Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, rare earth; X=main group element; M=transition metal, Si, Ge) crystallize in one of four crystal structures: the Mo{sub 2}FeB{sub 2}, Zr{sub 3}Al{sub 2}, Mn{sub 2}AlB{sub 2} and W{sub 2}CoB{sub 2} crystal structures. These crystal structures are described, and the relationships between them are highlighted. Gd{sub 2}AlGe{sub 2} forms an entirely new crystal structure, and the details of its synthesis and characterization are given. Electronic structure calculations are performed to understand the nature of bonding in this compound and how electrons can be accounted for. A series of electronic structure calculations were performed on models with the U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} and Zr{sub 3}Al{sub 2} structures, using Zr and A1 as the building blocks. The starting point for these models was the U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} structure, and models were created to simulate the transition from the idealized U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} structure to the distorted Zr{sub 3}Al{sub 2} structure. Analysis of the band structures of the models has shown that the transition from the U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} structure to the Zr{sub 3}Al{sub 2} structure lifts degeneracies along the {Lambda} {yields} Z direction, indicating a Peierls-type mechanism for the displacement occurring in the positions of the Zr atoms.
Sean William McWhorter
Evaluation of precipitates used in strainer head loss testing : Part II. precipitates by in-situ aluminum alloy corrosion.
Vertical loop head loss tests were performed with 6061 and 1100 aluminum (Al) alloy plates immersed in borated solution at pH = 9.3 at room temperature and 60 C. The results suggest that the potential for corrosion of an Al alloy to result in increased head loss across a glass fiber bed may depend on its microstructure, i.e., the size distribution and number density of intermetallic particles that are present in Al matrix and FeSiAl ternary compounds, as well as its Al release rate. Per unit mass of Al removed from solution, the WCAP-16530 aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH){sub 3}) surrogate was more effective in increasing head loss than the Al(OH)3 precipitates formed in situ by corrosion of Al alloy. However, in choosing a representative amount of surrogate for plant specific testing, consideration should be given to the potential for additional head losses due to intermetallic particles and the apparent reduction in the effective solubility of Al(OH){sub 3} when intermetallic particles are present.
Bahn, C.; Kasza, K. E.; Shack, W. J.; Natesan, K. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Aluminum phosphate ceramics for waste storage
The present disclosure describes solid waste forms and methods of processing waste. In one particular implementation, the invention provides a method of processing waste that may be particularly suitable for processing hazardous waste. In this method, a waste component is combined with an aluminum oxide and an acidic phosphate component in a slurry. A molar ratio of aluminum to phosphorus in the slurry is greater than one. Water in the slurry may be evaporated while mixing the slurry at a temperature of about 140-200.degree. C. The mixed slurry may be allowed to cure into a solid waste form. This solid waste form includes an anhydrous aluminum phosphate with at least a residual portion of the waste component bound therein.
Wagh, Arun; Maloney, Martin D
Role of the dielectric for the charging dynamics of the dielectric/barrier interface in AlGaN/GaN based metal-insulator-semiconductor structures under forward gate bias stress
The high density of defect states at the dielectric/III-N interface in GaN based metal-insulator-semiconductor structures causes tremendous threshold voltage drifts, ?V{sub th}, under forward gate bias conditions. A comprehensive study on different dielectric materials, as well as varying dielectric thickness t{sub D} and barrier thickness t{sub B}, is performed using capacitance-voltage analysis. It is revealed that the density of trapped electrons, ?N{sub it}, scales with the dielectric capacitance under spill-over conditions, i.e., the accumulation of a second electron channel at the dielectric/AlGaN barrier interface. Hence, the density of trapped electrons is defined by the charging of the dielectric capacitance. The scaling behavior of ?N{sub it} is explained universally by the density of accumulated electrons at the dielectric/III-N interface under spill-over conditions. We conclude that the overall density of interface defects is higher than what can be electrically measured, due to limits set by dielectric breakdown. These findings have a significant impact on the correct interpretation of threshold voltage drift data and are of relevance for the development of normally off and normally on III-N/GaN high electron mobility transistors with gate insulation.
Lagger, P., E-mail: email@example.com [Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Siemensstra�e 2, 9500 Villach (Austria); Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Floragasse 7, 1040 Wien (Austria); Steinschifter, P.; Reiner, M.; Stadtm�ller, M.; Denifl, G.; Ostermaier, C. [Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Siemensstra�e 2, 9500 Villach (Austria); Naumann, A.; M�ller, J.; Wilde, L.; Sundqvist, J. [Fraunhofer IPMS-CNT, K�nigsbr�cker Stra�e 178, 01099 Dresden (Germany); Pogany, D. [Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Floragasse 7, 1040 Wien (Austria)
Gas-phase rotational spectroscopy of AlCCH eX1 : A model system
range of roles in chemistry. For example, metal-doped carbide clusters are regarded as a new class of functional materials for semiconductors, ceram- ics, and hydrogen storage [1,2]. Aluminum carbide clusters that differentiate them from other metal analog compounds, which have cubic and layered frame- works [14]. In fact
Ziurys, Lucy M.
Oxygen-induced changes in electron-energy-loss spectra for Al, Be and Ni. [Al; Be; Ni
Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) data are presented to illustrate line shape changes that occur as a result of oxygen interaction with metal surfaces. The metals were aluminum, beryllium and nickel. Core-level EELS data were taken for excitations from Al(2p), Be(1s), Ni(3p/3s) and O(1s) levels to the conduction band (CB) density of states (DOS) of the materials. The primary beam energies for the spectra were 300, 450, 300, and 1135 eV, respectively. The data are presented in both the (as measured) first-derivative and the integral forms. The integral spectra were corrected for coherent background losses and analyzed for CB DOS information. These spectra were found to be in qualitative agreement with published experimental and theoretical studies of these materials. One peak in the spectra for Al oxide is analyzed for its correlation with excitonic screening of the Al(2p) core hole. Similar evidence for exciton formation is found in the Ni(3p) spectra for Ni oxide. Data are also presented showing oxygen-induced changes in the lower-loss-energy EELS curves that, in the pure metal, are dominated by plasmon-loss and interband-transition signals. Single-scattering loss profiles in the integral form of the data were calculated using a procedure of Tougaard and Chorkendorff [S. Tougaard and I. Chorkendorff, Phys. Rev. B. [bold 35], 6570 (1987)]. For all three oxides these profiles are dominated by a feature with a loss energy of around 20[endash]25 eV. Although this feature has been ascribed by other researchers as due to bulk plasmon losses in the oxide, an alternative explanation is that the feature is simply due to O(2s)-to-CB-level excitations. An even stronger feature is found at 7 eV loss energy for Ni oxide. Speculation is given as to its source. The line shapes in both the core-level and noncore-level spectra can also be used simply as [open quotes]fingerprints[close quotes] of the surface chemistry of the materials. Our data were taken using commercially available surface analysis equipment and serve to complement surface information provided by Auger electron and/or x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [copyright] [ital 1999 American Vacuum Society.
Madden, H.H.; Landers, R.; Kleiman, G.G. (Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13081-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil); Zehner, D.M. (Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 (United States))
Does aluminum smelting cause lung disease
The evidence concerning a relationship between work in the aluminum industry and lung disease has been reviewed using epidemiologic criteria. Adequate data on environmental exposure are rarely presented. Case series on aluminum potroom workers over the past 50 years have identified an asthmalike syndrome that appears to be due to an irritant rather than an allergic mechanism. These studies have been supported by evidence of within shift variability of measures of lung function. However, to date, there is inadequate evidence to resolve the question of whether potroom exposure initiates asthma or merely precipitates asthmalike symptoms in a predisposed individual. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated evidence of reduced lung function, consistent with chronic airflow limitation. In exposed aluminum smelter workers compared to unexposed control subjects. Cigarette smoking, the major potential confounding variable, has been measured and accounted for in multivariate analyses. To date, evidence is lacking from longitudinal studies about the development of disabling chronic obstructive lung disease. Exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles in the production and consumption of anodes has biologic plausibility for an association of lung cancer with work in an aluminum smelter. Although retrospective mortality studies have failed to account for the probable high prevalence of smoking in blue collar workers, the relative risk of lung cancer is very low if present at all. Pulmonary fibrosis has not been shown to be a significant problem in aluminum smelter workers. Future research in the aluminum industry needs to concentrate on longitudinal studies, preferably with an inception cohort for the investigation of potroom asthma. 92 references.
Abramson, M.J.; Wlodarczyk, J.H.; Saunders, N.A.; Hensley, M.J.
THE STRENGTH OF POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM OXIDE S. Wallace ofThe variables and number of aluminum oxide (almnina). size~
Wallace, J.S.
Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen: A Study...
Produce Hydrogen: A Study of Issues Related to the Use of Aluminum for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage. Version 2, 2010. Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen: A...
Development of a Cosmetic Corrosion Test for Aluminum Autobody...
a Cosmetic Corrosion Test for Aluminum Autobody Panels AMD 309 Development of a Cosmetic Corrosion Test for Aluminum Autobody Panels AMD 309 Presentation from the U.S. DOE Office...
aluminum pressure vessels: Topics by E-print Network
angular region on the surface Stokes, Yvonne 204 iCons, 2011 Alzheimers and Aluminum: Lesson Plan Chemistry Websites Summary: iCons, 2011 Alzheimers and Aluminum: Lesson Plan...
ALUMINUM--1997 5.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
aluminum smelter by February 1998 at an annual rate of 27,000 tons. The Troutdale smelter, which has at its 204,000-ton- per-year Longview, WA, primary aluminum smelter. The restart was expected
Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen - 2010 Update
Fuel Cell Technologies Publication and Product Library (EERE)
A Study of Issues Related to the Use of Aluminum for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage The purpose of this White Paper is to describe and evaluate the potential of aluminum-water reactions for the
Strategies for aluminum recycling : insights from material system optimization
The dramatic increase in aluminum consumption over the past decades necessitates a societal effort to recycle and reuse these materials to promote true sustainability and energy savings in aluminum production. However, the ...
Li, Preston Pui-Chuen
aluminum inorganic compounds: Topics by E-print Network
(Chair... Balasubramanian, Rajasekaran 1991-01-01 211 The corrosion of aluminum in boric acid solutions Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary: THE CORROSION OF ALUMINUM IN...
Stabilization of Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles at Metal...
Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles at Metal-Metal Oxide-Graphene Triple Junction Points. Stabilization of Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles at Metal-Metal Oxide-Graphene...
Cathode Connector For Aluminum Low Temperature Smelting Cell
Cathode connector means for low temperature aluminum smelting cell for connecting titanium diboride cathode or the like to bus bars.
Brown, Craig W. (Seattle, WA); Beck, Theodore R. (Seattle, WA); Frizzle, Patrick B. (Seattle, WA)
Method And Reactor For Production Of Aluminum By Carbothermic Reduction Of Alumina
A hollow partition wall is employed to feed carbon material to an underflow of a carbothermic reduction furnace used to make aluminum. The partition wall divides a low temperature reaction zone where aluminum oxide is reacted with carbon to form aluminum carbide and a high temperature reaction zone where the aluminum carbide and remaining aluminum oxide are reacted to form aluminum and carbon monoxide.
Aune, Jan Arthur (Ytre Enebakk, NO); Johansen, Kai (Kristiansand, NO)
An assessment of metal contamination in mangrove sediments and leaves from Punta Mala Bay, Pacific Panama
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Coastal pollution; Sediment; Heavy metals; Mangrove; Laguncularia racemosa; Panama 1. Introduction Elevated concentrations of heavy metals have been re- corded allows metal mobilisation and bioavailability (Clark et al., 1998). Concentrations of heavy metals
Bermingham, Eldredge
Microstructural Development in Al-Si Powder During Rapid Solidification
Powder metallurgy has become an increasingly important form of metal processing because of its ability to produce materials with superior mechanical properties. These properties are due in part to the unique and often desirable microstructures which arise as a result of the extreme levels of undercooling achieved, especially in the finest size powder, and the subsequent rapid solidification which occurs. A better understanding of the fundamental processes of nucleation and growth is required to further exploit the potential of rapid solidification processing. Aluminum-silicon, an alloy of significant industrial importance, was chosen as a model for simple eutectic systems displaying an unfaceted/faceted interface and skewed coupled eutectic growth zone, Al-Si powder produced by high pressure gas atomization was studied to determine the relationship between microstructure and alloy composition as a function of powder size and atomization gas. Critical experimental measurements of hypereutectic (Si-rich) compositions were used to determine undercooling and interface velocity, based on the theoretical models which are available. Solidification conditions were analyzed as a function of particle diameter and distance from nucleation site. A revised microstructural map is proposed which allows the prediction of particle morphology based on temperature and composition. It is hoped that this work, by providing enhanced understanding of the processes which govern the development of the solidification morphology of gas atomized powder, will eventually allow for better control of processing conditions so that particle microstructures can be optimized for specific applications.
Amber Lynn Genau
NREL Scientists Reveal Origin of Diverse Melting Behaviors of Aluminum Nanoclusters (Fact Sheet)
Research reveals active role of cluster symmetries on the size-sensitive, diverse melting behaviors of metallic nanoclusters, providing insight to understanding phase changes of nanoparticles for thermal energy storage. Unlike macroscopic bulk materials, intermediate-sized nanoclusters with around 55 atoms inherently exhibit size-sensitive melting changes: adding just a single atom to a nanocluster can cause a dramatic change in melting behavior. Microscopic understanding of thermal behaviors of metal nanoclusters is important for nanoscale catalysis and thermal energy storage applications. However, it is a challenge to obtain a structural interpretation at the atomic level from measured thermodynamic quantities such as heat capacity. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) revealed a clear correlation between the diverse melting behaviors of aluminum nanoclusters and cluster core symmetries. These simulations reproduced, for the first time, the size-sensitive heat capacities of aluminum nanoclusters, which exhibit several distinctive shapes associated with the diverse melting behaviors of the clusters. The size-dependent, diverse melting behaviors of the aluminum clusters are attributed to the reduced symmetry (from Td {yields} D2d {yields} Cs) with increasing the cluster sizes and can be used to help design thermal storage materials.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 425 (2006) 129139 A computational thermodynamic model of the MgAlGe system
AlSi system, which is widely used in aerospace and automotive industries. These studies show a great potential]. Moreover, aluminum mechanically alloyed with Mg and Ge exhibits improved super plastic elongation [3
Medraj, Mamoun
Characterization of Transport and Solidification in the Metal Recycling Processes
The characterization of the transport and solidification of metal in the melting and casting processes is significant for the optimization of the radioactively contaminated metal recycling and refining processes. . In this research project, the transport process in the melting and solidification of metal was numerically predicted, and the microstructure and radionuclide distribution have been characterized by scanning electron microscope/electron diffractive X-ray (SEWEDX) analysis using cesium chloride (CSC1) as the radionuclide surrogate. In the melting and solidification process, a resistance furnace whose heating and cooling rates are program- controlled in the helium atmosphere was used. The characterization procedures included weighing, melting and solidification, weighing after solidification, sample preparation, and SEM/EDX analysis. This analytical methodology can be used to characterize metal recycling and refining products in order to evaluate the performance of the recycling process. The data obtained provide much valuable information that is necessary for the enhancement of radioactive contaminated metal decontamination and recycling technologies. The numerical method for the prediction of the melting and solidification process can be implemented in the control and monitoring system-of the melting and casting process in radioactive contaminated metal recycling. The use of radionuclide surrogates instead of real radionuclides enables the research to be performed without causing harmfid effects on people or the community. This characterization process has been conducted at the Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (HCET) at Florida International University since October 1995. Tests have been conducted on aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) using cesium chloride (CSCI) as a radionuclide surrogate, and information regarding the radionuclide transfer and distribution in melting and solidification process has been obtained. The numerical simulation of the solidification of molten metal has been very successful for aluminium; however, a stability problem in the simulation of iron/steel solidification poses a challenge. Thus, additional development is needed to simulate the radionuclide transfer and distribution behaviors in the melting and casting processes. This project was initially based on a two-year plan. However, due to technical and financial difficulties, the project ended in FY96. The work which has been accomplished in the first year includes the characterization of radionuclide transfer and distribution in the melting-solidification process and the numerical simulation of metal solidification. The Argon-arc melting method was tested for the melting of copper and steel materials. Five tests were performed to characterize the transfer and distribution of radionuclides in the aluminiurn and copper melting/solidification process using CSC1 as radionuclide surrogates. The numerical simulation of molten aluminium and steel solidification process was performed. Different boundary conditions were applied in the simulations.
M. A. Ebadian; R. C. Xin; Z. F. Dong
ALUMINUM--2003 5.1 By Patricia A. Plunkert
, about 1.5 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of domestic primary aluminum smelting capacity, including idled potlines at operating smelters, equivalent to about 35% of total capacity, was closed. Aluminum and the container and packaging industries remained the leading markets for aluminum products in Canada
Aluminum Reactions and Problems in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Aluminum Reactions and Problems in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills G. Vincent Calder, Ph.D.1 ; and Timothy D. Stark, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE2 Abstract: Aluminum enters municipal solid waste MSW landfills from untreated raw curbside trash MSW , industrial waste, and aluminum production wastes variously called dross
Aluminum Removal from Photographic Waste Submitted to Dr. Tony Bi
Aluminum Removal from Photographic Waste Submitted to Dr. Tony Bi By: Kristen Favel, Tiffany Jung, and Kenny Tam CHBE 484 University of British Columbia April 15, 2009 #12;ii "Aluminum Removal from photographic waste has shown elevated levels of aluminum in the fixer, which exceed sewer discharge standards
Inhibition of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Precipitation with Citric Acid
Inhibition of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Precipitation with Citric Acid Daniel M. Dabbs, Usha as an agent for increasing the solubility of aluminum oxyhydroxides in aqueous solutions of high (>2.47 mol/mol) hydroxide-to-aluminum ratios. Conversely, citric acid also colloidally stabilizes particles in aqueous
Aksay, Ilhan A.
Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen
Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen A Study of Issues Related to the Use of Aluminum for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage U.S. Department of Energy Version 1.0 - 2008 Page 1 Promoters Oxide Promoters Salt Promoters Combined Oxide and Salt Promoters Aluminum Pretreatment Molten
The Effects of Fe3+ Aluminum Silicate Phase Relations in
The Effects of Fe3+ and Mn3+ on Aluminum Silicate Phase Relations in North-Central New Mexico, U, New Mexico 87131 (Received 28 November 1983; in revised form 2 October 1984) ABSTRACT Aluminum, then their equilibrium coexistence is invariant. However, the aluminum silicate minerals are not pure in highly oxidized
Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus
POST-SHOCK TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS OF ALUMINUM A. Seifter1
POST-SHOCK TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS OF ALUMINUM A. Seifter1 , S. T. Stewart2 , M. R. Furlanetto1 concurrent VISAR measurements in the same optical path, validation experiments on aluminum have been-shock temperature of 495 K ± 30 K was recorded from a polished free surface of aluminum 2024-T4 subject to a peak
Stewart, Sarah T.
Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen A Study of Issues Related to the Use of Aluminum for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage U.S. Department of Energy Version 2 - 2010 1 #12 Promoters Oxide Promoters Salt Promoters Combined Oxide and Salt Promoters Aluminum Pretreatment Molten
Optical frequency standards based on mercury and aluminum ions
Optical frequency standards based on mercury and aluminum ions W. M. Itano, J. C. Bergquist, A-16 . Keywords: aluminum, atomic clocks, frequency standards, ion traps, mercury 1. INTRODUCTION Optical frequency standards based on the mercury ion and, more recently, the aluminum ion are under devel- opment
ccsd00002835, Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces
ccsd00002835, version 2 14 Sep 2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces Damien Camille Soula , 31400 Toulouse, France We present experimental light scattering measurements from aluminum scattering measurements of an s-polarized electromagnetic wave (632.8 nanometers) from a rough aluminum alloy
DESCRIBING THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM SOFTBALL BATS E. BIESEN1 AND L. V. SMITH2 Washington-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Hollow aluminum bats were introduced over 30 years ago to provide improved durability over durability. Accordingly, the plastic deformation from a ball impact of a single-wall aluminum bat
Smith, Lloyd V.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CENTURY ALUMINUM OF WEST VIRGINIA, INC. By Randall A. Childs Bureau of Business and Economic Research College of Business and Economics West Virginia more than 660 employees with a production capacity of 170,000 tonnes per year. The economic impact
Mohaghegh, Shahab
Transmissive metallic contact for amorphous silicon solar cells
A transmissive metallic contact for amorphous silicon semiconductors includes a thin layer of metal, such as aluminum or other low work function metal, coated on the amorphous silicon with an antireflective layer coated on the metal. A transparent substrate, such as glass, is positioned on the light reflective layer. The metallic layer is preferably thin enough to transmit at least 50% of light incident thereon, yet thick enough to conduct electricity. The antireflection layer is preferably a transparent material that has a refractive index in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 and is approximately 550A to 600A thick.
Madan, A.
Identity of Passive Film Formed on Aluminum in Li-ion BatteryElectrolytes with LiPF6
The passive film that forms on aluminum in 1:1 ethylene carbonate + ethylmethyl carbonate with 1.2M LiPF{sub 6} and 1:1 ethylene carbonate + dimethyl carbonate with 1.0M LiPF{sub 6} was investigated by a combination of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During anodic polarization of aluminum a film of AlF{sub 3} forms on top of the air-formed oxide, creating a duplex, or two-layered film. The thickness of the AlF{sub 3} increases with the applied potential. Independent measurements of film thickness by EQCM and EIS indicate that at a potential of 5.5V vs. Li/Li{sup +}, the thickness of the AlF{sub 3} is approximately 1 nm.
Zhang, Xueyuan; Devine, T.M.
Methods of forming aluminum oxynitride-comprising bodies, including methods of forming a sheet of transparent armor
The invention includes methods of forming an aluminum oxynitride-comprising body. For example, a mixture is formed which comprises A:B:C in a respective molar ratio in the range of 9:3.6-6.2:0.1-1.1, where "A" is Al.sub.2O.sub.3, "B" is AlN, and "C" is a total of one or more of B.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, Si--Al--O--N, and TiO.sub.2. The mixture is sintered at a temperature of at least 1,600.degree. C. at a pressure of no greater than 500 psia effective to form an aluminum oxynitride-comprising body which is at least internally transparent and has at least 99% maximum theoretical density.
Chu, Henry Shiu-Hung [Idaho Falls, ID; Lillo, Thomas Martin [Idaho Falls, ID
Direct observation of Ga-rich microdomains in crack-free AlGaN grown on patterned GaNsapphire substrates
.e., a homogeneous aluminum content, is found near the sample surface. However, the strong rise of quantum efficiency for AlGaN because the Al alloys also nucleate on the mask materials. Recently, growth on patterned structured into a periodic grid of trenches and terraces along 1100 . Prior to the final AlGaN ( Al 0
Nabben, Reinhard
Samples of Tank 12 sludge slurry show a substantially larger fraction of aluminum than originally identified in sludge batch planning. The Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) plans to formulate Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) with about one half of the sludge slurry in Tank 12 and one half of the sludge slurry in Tank 4. LWO identified aluminum dissolution as a method to mitigate the effect of having about 50% more solids in High Level Waste (HLW) sludge than previously planned. Previous aluminum dissolution performed in a HLW tank in 1982 was performed at approximately 85 C for 5 days and dissolved nearly 80% of the aluminum in the sludge slurry. In 2008, LWO successfully dissolved 64% of the aluminum at approximately 60 C in 46 days with minimal tank modifications and using only slurry pumps as a heat source. This report establishes the technical basis and flowsheet for performing an aluminum removal process in Tank 51 for SB6 that incorporates the lessons learned from previous aluminum dissolution evolutions. For SB6, aluminum dissolution process temperature will be held at a minimum of 65 C for at least 24 days, but as long as practical or until as much as 80% of the aluminum is dissolved. As planned, an aluminum removal process can reduce the aluminum in SB6 from about 84,500 kg to as little as 17,900 kg with a corresponding reduction of total insoluble solids in the batch from 246,000 kg to 131,000 kg. The extent of the reduction may be limited by the time available to maintain Tank 51 at dissolution temperature. The range of dissolution in four weeks based on the known variability in dissolution kinetics can range from 44 to more than 80%. At 44% of the aluminum dissolved, the mass reduction is approximately 1/2 of the mass noted above, i.e., 33,300 kg of aluminum instead of 66,600 kg. Planning to reach 80% of the aluminum dissolved should allow a maximum of 81 days for dissolution and reduce the allowance if test data shows faster kinetics. 47,800 kg of the dissolved aluminum will be stored in Tank 8 and 21,000 kg will be stored in saltcake via evaporation. Up to 77% of the total aluminum planned for SB6 may be removed via aluminum dissolution. Storage of the aluminum-laden supernate in Tank 8 will require routine evaluation of the free hydroxide concentration in order to maintain aluminum in solution. Periodic evaluation will be established on concurrent frequency with corrosion program samples as previously established for aluminum-laden supernate from SB5 that is stored in Tank 11.
Pike, J; Jeffrey Gillam, J
Process for production of an aluminum hydride compound
A compound of formula M(AlH.sub.3OR.sup.1).sub.y, wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl substituted by at least one of: (i) an alkoxy group having from one to six carbon atoms; and (ii) an alkyl group having from three to twelve carbon atoms; wherein M is an alkali metal, Be or Mg; and y is one or two.
Allen, Nathan Tait; Butterick, III, Robert; Chin, Arthur Achhing; Miller, Dean Michael; Molzahn, David Craig
Method of bonding metals to ceramics
A ceramic or glass having a thin layer of silver, gold or alloys thereof at the surface thereof is disclosed. A first metal is bonded to the thin layer and a second metal is bonded to the first metal. The first metal is selected from the class consisting of In, Ga, Sn, Bi, Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl and alloys thereof, and the second metal is selected from the class consisting of Cu, Al, Pb, Au and alloys thereof. 3 figures.
Maroni, V.A.
Fabrication of nickel microbump on aluminum using electroless nickel plating
Fabrication of nickel microbumps on an aluminum electrode using a nickel displacement and a direct nickel plating process was investigated. Electroless nickel plating reaction with hypophosphite as a reducing agent was not initiated on the aluminum substrate, because aluminum does not have catalytic action on the oxidation of hypophosphite. Accordingly, nickel was initially deposited on the aluminum using nickel displacement plating for the initiation of the electroless plating. Nickel bumps on the aluminum electrode were fabricated by treatment of the nickel displacement plating followed by electroless nickel plating. Nickel microbumps also can be formed on the aluminum electrode without the displacement plating process. Activation of the aluminum surface is an indispensable process to initiate electroless nickel plating. Uniform bumps 20 {micro}m wide and 15 {micro}m high with good configuration were obtained by direct nickel plating after being activated with dimethyl amine borane.
Watanabe, H.; Honma, H. [Kanto Gakuin Univ., Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
Production of sodium-22 from proton irradiated aluminum
A process for selective separation of sodium-22 from a proton irradiated minum target including dissolving a proton irradiated aluminum target in hydrochloric acid to form a first solution including aluminum ions and sodium ions, separating a portion of the aluminum ions from the first solution by crystallization of an aluminum salt, contacting the remaining first solution with an anion exchange resin whereby ions selected from the group consisting of iron and copper are selectively absorbed by the anion exchange resin while aluminum ions and sodium ions remain in solution, contacting the solution with an cation exchange resin whereby aluminum ions and sodium ions are adsorbed by the cation exchange resin, and, contacting the cation exchange resin with an acid solution capable of selectively separating the adsorbed sodium ions from the cation exchange resin while aluminum ions remain adsorbed on the cation exchange resin is disclosed.
Taylor, Wayne A. (Los Alamos, NM); Heaton, Richard C. (Los Alamos, NM); Jamriska, David J. (Los Alamos, NM)
Mechanical characterization of copper coated carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composites
In this investigation, carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum composites were prepared by the molecular-level mixing process using copper coated CNTs. The mixing of CNTs was accomplished by ultrasonic mixing and ball milling. Electroless Cu-coated CNTs were used to enhance the interfacial bonding between CNTs and aluminum. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the homogenous dispersion of Cu-coated CNTs in the composite samples compared with the uncoated CNTs. The samples were pressureless sintered under vacuum followed by hot rolling to promote the uniform microstructure and dispersion of CNTs. In 1.0 wt.% uncoated and Cu-coated CNT/Al composites, compared to pure Al, the microhardness increased by 44% and 103%, respectively. As compared to the pure Al, for 1.0 wt.% uncoated CNT/Al composite, increase in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength was estimated about 58% and 62%, respectively. However, in case of 1.0 wt.% Cu-coated CNT/Al composite, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were increased significantly about 121% and 107%, respectively. - Graphical Abstract: Copper coated CNTs were synthesized by the electroless plating process. Optimizing the plating bath to (1:1) by wt CNTs with Cu, thickness of Cu-coated CNTs has been reduced to 100 nm. Cu-coated CNTs developed the stronger interfacial bonding with the Al matrix which resulted in the efficient transfer of load. Highlights: � Copper coated CNTs were synthesized by the electroless plating process. � Thickness of Cu-coated CNTs has been reduced to 100 nm by optimized plating bath. � In 1.0 wt.% Cu-coated CNT/Al composite, microhardness increased by 103%. � Cu-coated CNTs transfer load efficiently with stronger interfacial bonding. � In 1.0 wt.% Cu-coated CNT/Al composite, Y.S and UTS increased by 126% and 105%.
Maqbool, Adnan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, KP (Pakistan); School of Nano and Advanced Material Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773 (Korea, Republic of); Hussain, M. Asif; Khalid, F. Ahmad; Bakhsh, Nabi [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, KP (Pakistan); Hussain, Ali; Kim, Myong Ho [School of Nano and Advanced Material Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773 (Korea, Republic of)
Synthesis and characterization of visible emission from rare-earth doped aluminum nitride, gallium nitride and gallium aluminum nitride powders and thin films
of the Nitrides of Aluminum and Gallium," J. Electrochem.1) 24 (1962). G. Long and L. M. Foster, "Aluminum Nitride, aRefractory for Aluminum to 2000�C," J. Am. Ceram. Soc. ,
Tao, Jonathan Huai-Tse
Microarray Analysis on Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Aluminum, Beta1�42-Amyloid or the Beta1�42-Amyloid Aluminum Complex
J (1992) Selective accumulation of aluminum and iron in theB, Tognon G, Zatta P (2005) Aluminum-triggered structuralrole of beta-amyloid(1-42)-aluminum complex in Alzheimer�s
Method For Making Electronic Circuits Having Nial And Ni3al Substrates
A method for making electronic circuit component having improved mechanical properties and thermal conductivity comprises steps of providing NiAl and/or Ni.sub.3 Al, and forming an alumina layer thereupon prior to applying the conductive elements. Additional layers of copper-aluminum alloy or copper further improve mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.
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ALS Spectrum
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDeliveredPNGExperience4AJ01) (See95TI07)Operations DuringALS DoctoralALSSpectroscopyALS
The Kinetics of Dissociations of Aluminum - Oxygen Bonds in Aqueous Complexes - An NMR Study
OAK B262 The Kinetics of Dissociations of Aluminum--Oxygen Bonds in Aqueous Complexes--An NMR Study. In this project we determined rates and mechanisms of Al(III)-O bond rupture at mineral surfaces and in dissolved aluminum complexes. We then compared the experimental results to simulations in an attempt to predict rate coefficients. Most of the low-temperature reactions that are geochemically important involve a bonded atom or molecule that is replaced with another. We probe these reactions at the most fundamental level in order to establish a model to predict rates for the wide range of reactions that cannot be experimentally studied. The chemistry of small aluminum cluster (Figure) provides a window into the hydrolytic processes that control rates of mineral formation and the transformation of adsorbates into extended structures. The molecule shown below as an example exposes several types of oxygens to the bulk solution including seven structurally distinct sets of bridging hydroxyls. This molecule is a rich model for the aqueous interface of aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals, since it approaches colloidal dimensions in size, yet is a dissolved complex with +18 charge. We have conducted both {sup 17}O- {sup 27}Al- and {sup 19}F-NMR experiments to identify the reactive sites and to determine the rates of isotopic exchange between these sites and the bulk solution. The research was enormously successful and led to a series of papers that are being used as touchstones for assessing the accuracy of computer models of bond ruptures in water.
Dr. William Casey
AnnaFrebel! metal-poorstars!
-process element pattern!! #12;AnnaFrebel! metal-poorstars! New oscillator strengths of rare earth elements!! · Sneden, Lawler et al. 2009: New Rare Earth Element Abundance Distributions for the Sun and Five r-Process-Rich, Metal-Poor Stars, and Rare Earth Lab Data Summary · Lawler, Sneden et al. 2008: Improved Laboratory
Metal aminoboranes
Metal aminoboranes of the formula M(NH2BH3)n have been synthesized. Metal aminoboranes are hydrogen storage materials. Metal aminoboranes are also precursors for synthesizing other metal aminoboranes. Metal aminoboranes can be dehydrogenated to form hydrogen and a reaction product. The reaction product can react with hydrogen to form a hydrogen storage material. Metal aminoboranes can be included in a kit.
Burrell, Anthony K.; Davis, Benjamin J.; Thorn, David L.; Gordon, John C.; Baker, R. Thomas; Semelsberger, Troy Allen; Tumas, William; Diyabalanage, Himashinie Vichalya; Shrestha, Roshan P.
E-Print Network 3.0 - alkali metal picrates Sample Search Results
layers of alkali metals. 1. Introduction Optical... and Cu 6 by Chen et al. The adsorption of alkali atoms on transition metals is of great importance... . Secondharmonic...
Recovery of gallium from aluminum industry residues
A procedure is proposed to recover gallium from flue dust aluminum residues produced in plants by using solid-phase extraction with a commercial polyether-type polyurethane foam (PUF). Gallium can be separated from high concentrations of aluminum, iron, nickel, titanium, vanadium, copper, zinc, sulfate, fluoride, and chloride by extraction with PUF from 3 M sulfuric acid and 3 M sodium chloride concentration medium with at least a 92% efficiency. Gallium backextraction was fast and quantitative with ethanol solution. In all recovery steps commercial-grade reagents could be used, including tap water. The recovered gallium was precipitated with sodium hydroxide solution, purified by dissolution and precipitation, calcinated, and the final oxide was 98.6% pure.
Carvalho, M.S.; Neto, K.C.M.; Nobrega, A.W.; Medeiros, J.A.
Fluorescence energy transfer enhancement in aluminum nanoapertures
Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are confining light into attoliter volumes, enabling single molecule fluorescence experiments at physiological micromolar concentrations. Among the fluorescence spectroscopy techniques that can be enhanced by ZMWs, F\\"{o}rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widely used in life sciences. Combining zero-mode waveguides with FRET provides new opportunities to investigate biochemical structures or follow interaction dynamics at micromolar concentration with single molecule resolution. However, prior to any quantitative FRET analysis on biological samples, it is crucial to establish first the influence of the ZMW on the FRET process. Here, we quantify the FRET rates and efficiencies between individual donor-acceptor fluorophore pairs diffusing in aluminum zero-mode waveguides. Aluminum ZMWs are important structures thanks to their commercial availability and the large literature describing their use for single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. We also compare the ...
de Torres, Juan; Moparthi, Satish Babu; Grigoriev, Victor; Wenger, J�rome
Inert anodes and advanced smelting of aluminum
This report provides a broad assessment of open literature and patents that exist in the area of inert anodes and their related cathode systems and cell designs, technologies that are relevant for the advanced smelting of aluminum. The report also discusses the opportunities, barriers, and issued associated with these technologies from a technical, environmental, and economic viewpoint. It discusses the outlook for the direct retrofit of advanced reduction technologies to existing aluminum smelters, and compares retrofits to ''brown field'' usage and ''green field'' adoption of the technologies. A number of observations and recommendations are offered for consideration concerning further research and development efforts that may be directed toward these advanced technologies. The opportunities are discussed in the context of incremental progress that is being made in conventional Hall-Heroult cell systems.
ASME Technical Working Group on Inert Anode Technologies
Amorphous silicon enhanced metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts for silicon solar cells
Carrier recombination at the metal-semiconductor contacts has become a significant obstacle to the further advancement of high-efficiency diffused-junction silicon solar cells. This paper provides the proof-of-concept of a procedure to reduce contact recombination by means of enhanced metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures. Lightly diffused n{sup +} and p{sup +} surfaces are passivated with SiO{sub 2}/a-Si:H and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/a-Si:H stacks, respectively, before the MIS contacts are formed by a thermally activated alloying process between the a-Si:H layer and an overlying aluminum film. Transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to ascertain the nature of the alloy. Idealized solar cell simulations reveal that MIS(n{sup +}) contacts, with SiO{sub 2} thicknesses of ?1.55?nm, achieve the best carrier-selectivity producing a contact resistivity ?{sub c} of ?3 m? cm{sup 2} and a recombination current density J{sub 0c} of ?40 fA/cm{sup 2}. These characteristics are shown to be stable at temperatures up to 350?�C. The MIS(p{sup +}) contacts fail to achieve equivalent results both in terms of thermal stability and contact characteristics but may still offer advantages over directly metallized contacts in terms of manufacturing simplicity.
Bullock, J., E-mail: email@example.com; Cuevas, A.; Yan, D. [Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); Demaurex, B.; Hessler-Wyser, A.; De Wolf, S. [Ecole Polytechnique F�d�rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Micro Engineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronic Laboratory PVLab, Maladi�re 71b, CH-200 Neuch�tel (Switzerland)
In vivo monitoring of toxic metals: assessment of neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence techniques
To date, cadmium, lead, aluminum, and mercury have been measured in vivo in humans. The possibilities of monitoring other toxic metals have also been demonstrated, but no human studies have been performed. Neutron activation analysis appears to be most suitable for Cd and Al measurements, while x-ray fluorescence is ideally suited for measurement of lead in superficial bone. Filtered neutron beams and polarized x-ray sources are being developed which will improve in vivo detection limits. Even so, several of the current facilities are already suitable for use in epidemiological studies of selected populations with suspected long-term low-level ''environmental'' exposures. Evaluation and diagnosis of patients presenting with general clinical symptoms attributable to possible toxic metal exposure may be assisted by in vivo examination. Continued in vivo monitoring of industrial workers, especially follow-up measurements, will provide the first direct assessment of changes in body burden and a direct measure of the biological life-times of these metals in humans. 50 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Ellis, K.J.
Experimental superplastic characterization of advanced aluminum alloys
of America Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr. R. E. Goforth An investigation into the experimental superplastic characterization of advanced aluminum alloys consisted of the design and assembly of an experimental test facility for measuring the effects.... The experimental test apparatus designed and constructed is shown in Figure 2, with four major components assembled together to form the SPF testing system. The four components are the Instron 1137 Universal testing machine, Instron 3117 furnace and Instron...
Kopp, Christopher Carl
Aluminum oxyhydroxide based separator/electrolyte and battery system, and a method making the same
The instant invention relates a solid-state electrochemical cell and a novel separator/electrolyte incorporated therein. A preferred embodiment of the invented electrochemical cell generally comprises a unique metal oxyhydroxide based (i.e. AlOOH) separator/electrolyte membrane sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode. A preferred novel separator/electrolyte comprises a nanoparticulate metal oxyhydroxide, preferably AlOOH and a salt which are mixed and then pressed together to form a monolithic metal oxyhydroxide-salt membrane.
Gerald, II, Rex E. (Brookfield, IL); Klingler, Robert J. (Glenview, IL); Rathke, Jerome W. (Homer Glen, IL)
Constitutive modeling of the visco-plastic response of Hastelloy-X and aluminum alloy 8009
The viscoplastic behavior of advanced, high temperature, metallic alloys is characterized using the Bodner Partom unified constitutive model. Material parameters for both Hastelloy-X and Aluminum alloy 8009 are obtained for this model. The Bodner-Partom constitutive model is summarized, and a detailed approach for determining the model parameters from experimental data is reviewed. Experimental methods for obtaining the mechanical test data are described. Bodner-Partom model parameters are determined from data obtained in uniaxial, isothermal, monotonic tension or compression tests and isothermal creep tests. Model predictions from the parameters determined are generated and compared to experimental data.
Rowley, M.A.; Thornton, E.A. [Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Influence of argon and oxygen on charge-state-resolved ion energy distributions of filtered aluminum arcs
energy distributions of filtered aluminum arcs Johanna Ros�ndistributions (IEDs) in filtered aluminum vacuum arc plasmasfor vacuum arc plasmas. Aluminum plasma, for example,
Rosen, Johanna; Anders, Andre; Mraz, Stanislav; Atiser, Adil; Schneider, Jochen M.
The influence of position in overlap joints of Mg and Al alloys on microstructure and hardness of laser welds.
assembly. Therefore, the dissimilar-metal welding process has been identified as top priority for materials and resistance of this combination, and lead to the formation of intermetallic compounds in the welded metal. Keywords: laser welding, dissimilar materials, AZ31 magnesium alloy, A5754 aluminum alloy, microstructure
Direct deposition of aluminum oxide gate dielectric on graphene channel using nitrogen plasma treatment
Deposition of high-quality dielectric on a graphene channel is an essential technology to overcome structural constraints for the development of nano-electronic devices. In this study, we investigated a method for directly depositing aluminum oxide (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) on a graphene channel through nitrogen plasma treatment. The deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin film on graphene demonstrated excellent dielectric properties with negligible charge trapping and de-trapping in the gate insulator. A top-gate-structural graphene transistor was fabricated using Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} as the gate dielectric with nitrogen plasma treatment on graphene channel region, and exhibited p-type transistor characteristics.
Lim, Taekyung; Kim, Dongchool; Ju, Sanghyun [Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-760 (Korea, Republic of)
An aluminum resist substrate for microfabrication by LIGA.
Resist substrates used in the LIGA process must provide high initial bond strength between the substrate and resist, little degradation of the bond strength during x-ray exposure, acceptable undercut rates during development, and a surface enabling good electrodeposition of metals. Additionally, they should produce little fluorescence radiation and give small secondary doses in bright regions of the resist at the substrate interface. To develop a new substrate satisfying all these requirements, we have investigated secondary resist doses due to electrons and fluorescence, resist adhesion before exposure, loss of fine features during extended development, and the nucleation and adhesion of electrodeposits for various substrate materials. The result of these studies is a new anodized aluminum substrate and accompanying methods for resist bonding and electrodeposition. We demonstrate successful use of this substrate through all process steps and establish its capabilities via the fabrication of isolated resist features down to 6 {micro}m, feature aspect ratios up to 280 and electroformed nickel structures at heights of 190 to 1400 {micro}m. The minimum mask absorber thickness required for this new substrate ranges from 7 to 15 {micro}m depending on the resist thickness.
Kelly, James J.; Boehme, Dale R.; Hauck, Cheryl A. (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA); Yang, Chu-Yeu Peter; Hunter, Luke L.; Griffiths, Stewart K.; McLean, Dorrance E.; Aigeldinger, Georg; Hekmaty, Michelle A.; Hachman, John T.; Losey, Matthew W.; Skala, Dawn M.; Korellis, John S.; Friedmann, Thomas Aquinas (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Yang, Nancy Y. C.; Lu, Wei-Yang
Phosphors containing boron and metals of Group IIIA and IIIB
A phosphor comprises: (a) at least a first metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium and elements of lanthanide series other than europium; (b) at least a second metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, and scandium; (c) boron; and (d) europium. The phosphor is used in light source that comprises a UV radiation source to convert UV radiation to visible light.
Setlur, Anant Achyut; Srivastava, Alok Mani; Comanzo, Holly Ann; Manivannan, Venkatesan
Aluminum fluoride inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor inactivation and transformation
Fluoride, in the presence of aluminum ions, reversibly inhibits the temperature-mediated inactivation of unoccupied glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol preparations from mouse L cells. The effect is concentration-dependent, with virtually complete stabilization of specific glucocorticoid-binding capacity at 2 mM fluoride and 100 microM aluminum. These concentrations of aluminum and fluoride are ineffective when used separately. Aluminum fluoride also stabilizes receptors toward inactivation by gel filtration and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Aluminum fluoride prevents temperature-dependent transformation of steroid-receptor complexes to the DNA-binding state. Aluminum fluoride does not inhibit calf intestine alkaline phosphatase, and unoccupied receptors inactivated by this enzyme in the presence of aluminum fluoride can be completely reactivated by dithiothreitol. The effects of aluminum fluoride are due to stabilization of the complex between the glucocorticoid receptor and the 90-kDa mammalian heat-shock protein hsp90, which suggests that aluminum fluoride interacts directly with the receptor. Endogenous thermal inactivation of receptors in cytosol is not accompanied by receptor dephosphorylation. However, inactivation is correlated with dissociation of hsp90 from the unoccupied receptor. These results support the proposal that hsp90 is required for the receptor to bind steroid and dissociation of hsp90 is sufficient to inactivate the unoccupied receptor.
Housley, P.R. (Univ. of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia (USA))
Virtual Aluminum Castings An Industrial Application of Integrated...
Virtual Aluminum Castings An Industrial Application of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Home Author: J. Allison, M. Li, C. Wolverton, X. Su Year: 2006 Abstract: The...
Fracture of welded aluminum thin-walled structures
A comprehensive methodology was developed in the thesis for damage prediction of welded aluminum thin-walled structures, which includes material modeling, calibration, numerical simulation and experimental verification. ...
Zheng, Li, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries From Aluminum Substituted Cathode...
Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries From Aluminum Substituted Cathode Materials Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contact LBL About This Technology Technology Marketing...
aluminum weld strength: Topics by E-print Network
Repository Summary: Damping and Dynamic Modulus Measurements in Alumina and Tungsten Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium Composites. the damping capacity of aluminum tungsten fiber...
aluminum smelting plant: Topics by E-print Network
aluminum ingestion reduce: Topics by E-print Network
aluminum equivalent approximation: Topics by E-print Network
- TxSpace Summary: based coatings. The Coors Brewing Company Can Manufacturing Plant has been utilizing this technology in full scale aluminum can production since 1975,...
Aluminum nitrate recrystallization and recovery from liquid extraction raffinates
The solid sludges resulting form biodenitrification of discarded aluminum nitrate are the largest Y-12 Plant process solid waste. Aluminum nitrate feedstocks also represent a major plant materials cost. The chemical constraints on aluminum nitrate recycle were investigated to determine the feasibility of increasing recycle while maintaining acceptable aluminum nitrate purity. Reported phase behavior of analogous systems, together with bench research, indicated that it would be possible to raise the recycle rate from 35% to between 70 and 90% by successive concentration and recrystallization of the mother liquor. A full scale pilot test successfully confirmed the ability to obtain 70% recycle in existing process equipment.
Griffith, W.L.; Compere, A.L.; Googin, J.M.; Huxtable, W.P.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Aluminum Concentrations in Storm Water...
It is never found free in nature and is found in most rocks, primarily in stable silicate mineral phases such as feldspars and phylosilicates. Aluminum enters environmental...
ORNL: Low-Cost Direct Bonded Aluminum (DBA) Substrates (Agreement...
Direct Bonded Aluminum (DBA) Substrates (Agreement ID:23278) 2013 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Program Annual Merit Review and Peer...
Low-Cost Direct Bonded Aluminum (DBA) Substrates H. -T. Lin, A. A. Wereszczak, and S. Waters Oak Ridge National Laboratory This presentation does not contain any proprietary,...
Asymmetric Yield Function Based on the Stress Invariants for Pressure Sensitive Metals
A general asymmetric yield function is proposed with dependence on the stress invariants for pressure sensitive metals. The pressure sensitivity of the proposed yield function is consistent with the experimental result of Spitzig and Richmond (1984) for steel and aluminum alloys while the asymmetry of the third invariant is preserved to model strength differential (SD) effect of pressure insensitive materials. The proposed yield function is transformed in the space of the stress triaxaility, the von Mises stress and the normalized invariant to theoretically investigate the possible reason of the SD effect. The proposed plasticity model is further extended to characterize the anisotropic behavior of metals both in tension and compression. The extension of the yield function is realized by introducing two distinct fourth-order linear transformation tensors of the stress tensor for the second and third invariants, respectively. The extended yield function reasonably models the evolution of yield surfaces for a zirconium clock-rolled plate during in-plane and through-thickness compression reported by Plunkett et al. (2007). The extended yield function is also applied to describe the orthotropic behavior of a face-centered cubic metal of AA 2008-T4 and two hexagonal close-packed metals of high-purity-titanium and AZ31 magnesium alloy. The orthotropic behavior predicted by the generalized model is compared with experimental results of these metals. The comparison validates that the proposed yield function provides sufficient predictability on SD effect and anisotropic behavior both in tension and compression. When it is necessary to consider r-value anisotropy, the proposed function is efficient to be used with nonassociated flow plasticity by introducing a separate plastic potential for the consideration of r-values as shown in Stoughton & Yoon (2004, 2009).
Jeong Wahn Yoon; Yanshan Lou; Jong Hun Yoon; Michael V. Glazoff
The aqueous chemistry of aluminum: A new approach to high temperature solubility measurements
The solubility of boehmite, AlO(OH), has been measured as a function of pH (2 - 10, depending on ionic strength), temperature (100 - 250�C) and ionic strength (0.03 - 1 molal, NaCl) in a hydrogen-electrode concentration cell, HECC, which provided in situ measurement of hydrogen ion molality. Samples of the solution were withdrawn after the pH reading stabilized for analysis of total aluminum content by ion chromatography. Acidic or basic titrant could then be metered into the cell to affect a change in the pH of the solution. The direction of approach to the equilibrium saturated state could be readily varied to ensure that the system was reversible thermodynamically. This represents our second application of direct pH measurement to high temperature solubility studies. The results at low ionic strength are compared with those from two recently-reported high-temperature studies of boehmite solubility, which relied on the conventional batch technique. Comparisons are also made with the low temperature (<90�C) hydrolysis constants for aluminum garnered from solubility measurements with gibbsite as the stable phase. Based on these preliminary results, it is possible to draw some general conclusions concerning the relative importance of the aluminum species in solution and to reduce significantly the number of experiments needed to define this complex system in a thermodynamic sense.
Palmer, Donald A.; Wesolowski, David J.; Benezeth, Pascale
The solubility of boehmite, AlO(OH), has been measured as a function of pH (2-10, depending on ionic strength) temperature (100- 250{degrees}C) and ionic strength (0.03-1 molal, NaCl) in a hydrogen- electrode concentration cell, HECC, which provided in situ measurement of hydrogen ion molality. Samples of the solution were withdrawn after the pH reading stabilized for analysis of total aluminum content by ion chromatography. Acidic or basic titrant could then be metered into the cell to affect a change in the pH of the solution. The direction of approach to the equilibrium saturated state could be readily varied to ensure that the system was reversible thermodynamically. This represents our second application of direct pH measurement to high temperature solubility studies. The results as low ionic strength are compared with those from two recently-reported high-temperature studies of boehmite solubility, which relied on the conventional batch technique. Comparisons are also made with the low temperature (<90{degrees}C) hydrolysis constants for aluminum garnered from solubility measurements with gibbsite as the stable phase. Based on these preliminary results, it is possible to draw some general conclusions concerning the relative importance of the aluminum species in solution and to reduce significantly the number of experiments needed to define this complex system in a thermodynamic sense.
Palmer, D.A.; Wesolowski, D.J.; Benezeth, P.
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartment ofDepartment ofof EnergyYou areDowntown Site -MiamiYVE r 'Xxy";^it ! (-AL.
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Industry @ ALS
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDeliveredPNGExperience4AJ01) (See95TI07)Operations DuringALS DoctoralALSSpectroscopy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDeliveredPNGExperience4AJ01) (See95TI07)Operations DuringALS
Ab Initio Study of the Interaction of Water with Cluster Models of the Aluminum Terminated (0001) r-Aluminum Oxide Surface
Ab Initio Study of the Interaction of Water with Cluster Models of the Aluminum Terminated (0001) r-Aluminum to hydroxylation of the aluminum terminated surface, the two water process was found to be the most exothermic, occurring within 10-2 s. I. Introduction As one of the most important ceramic materials, R-aluminum oxide
Schlegel, H. Bernhard
Development of Cost-Effective Low-Permeability Ceramic and Refractory Components for Aluminum Melting and Casting
A recent review by the U.S. Advanced Ceramics Association, the Aluminum Association, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technologies (DOE/OIT) described the status of advanced ceramics for aluminum processing, including monolithics, composites, and coatings. The report observed that monolithic ceramics (particularly oxides) have attractive properties such as resistance to heat, corrosion, thermal shock, abrasion, and erosion [1]. However, even after the developments of the past 25 years, there are two key barriers to commercialization: reliability and cost-effectiveness. Industry research is therefore focused on eliminating these barriers. Ceramic coatings have likewise undergone significant development and a variety of processes have been demonstrated for applying coatings to substrates. Some processes, such as thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine engines, exhibit sufficient reliability and service life for routine commercial use. Worldwide, aluminum melting and molten metal handling consumes about 506,000 tons of refractory materials annually. Refractory compositions for handling molten aluminum are generally based on dense fused cast silica or mullite. The microstructural texture is extremely important because an interlocking mass of coarser grains must be bonded together by smaller grains in order to achieve adequate strength. At the same time, well-distributed microscopic pores and cracks are needed to deflect cracks and prevent spalling and thermal shock damage [2]. The focus of this project was to develop and validate new classes of cost-effective, low-permeability ceramic and refractory components for handling molten aluminum in both smelting and casting environments. The primary goal was to develop improved coatings and functionally graded materials that will possess superior combinations of properties, including resistance to thermal shock, erosion, corrosion, and wetting. When these materials are successfully deployed in aluminum smelting and casting operations, their superior performance and durability will give end users marked improvements in uptime, defect reduction, scrap/rework costs, and overall energy savings resulting from higher productivity and yield. The implementation of results of this program will result in energy savings of 30 trillion Btu/year by 2020. For this Industrial Materials for the Future (IMF) project, riser tube used in the low-pressure die (LPD) casting of aluminum was selected as the refractory component for improvement. In this LPD process, a pressurized system is used to transport aluminum metal through refractory tubes (riser tubes) into wheel molds. It is important for the tubes to remain airtight because otherwise, the pressurized system will fail. Generally, defects such as porosity in the tube or cracks generated by reaction of the tube material with molten aluminum lead to tube failure, making the tube incapable of maintaining the pressure difference required for normal casting operation. Therefore, the primary objective of the project was to develop a riser tube that is not only resistant to thermal shock, erosion, corrosion, and wetting, but is also less permeable, so as to achieve longer service life. Currently, the dense-fused silica (DFS) riser tube supplied by Pyrotek lasts for only 7 days before undergoing failure. The following approach was employed to achieve the goal: (1) Develop materials and methods for sealing surface porosity in thermal-shock-resistant ceramic refractories; (2) Develop new ceramic coatings for extreme service in molten aluminum operations, with particular emphasis on coatings based on highly stable oxide phases; (3) Develop new monolithic refractories designed for lower-permeability applications using controlled porosity gradients and particle size distributions; (4) Optimize refractory formulations to minimize wetting by molten aluminum, and characterize erosion, corrosion, and spallation rates under realistic service conditions; and (5) Scale up the processing methods to full-sized components and perform field testi
Kadolkar, Puja [ORNL; Ott, Ronald D [ORNL
Long-term and Highly Aluminum-resistant Root Elongation in a Camphor Tree Cinnamomum camphora
for the detoxification of aluminum in roots of tea plant (Oda A, Yamamoto F, Effects of aluminum on growth and biomassT, Beneficial effect of aluminum on growth of plants adapted
Osawa, Hiroki
Met. Trans. 1,2163 (1972). Aluminum_~n Iron~, S. L. Case andSTEEL MODIFIED WITH ALUMINUM AND SILIC ON ManjeshwarThe influence of additions of aluminum and combinations of
Bhat, M.S.