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Iranian Studies Books
You are currently browsing 1–10 of 50 new and published books in the subject of Iranian Studies — sorted by publish date from newer books to older books.
For books that are not yet published; please browse forthcoming books.
You are currently browsing 1–10 of 50 new and published books in the subject of Iranian Studies — sorted by publish date from newer books to older books.
For books that are not yet published; please browse forthcoming books.
Series: Routledge New Diplomacy Studies
This book examines the dynamics of relations and the substance of the negotiations between the international community and Iran over the latter's nuclear programme. Iran's nuclear programme and the alleged threat to international peace and security remains one of the most important issues in the...
Published May 22nd 2015 by Routledge
Series: Iranian Studies
Addressing the question of the origins of the Zoroastrian religion, this book argues that the intransigent opposition to the cult of the daevas, the ancient Indo-Iranian gods, is the root of the development of the two central doctrines of Zoroastrianism: cosmic dualism and eschatology (fate of the...
Published April 20th 2015 by Routledge
Series: Routledge Critical Studies in Discourse
In this monograph, Chris Featherman adopts a discourse analytical approach to explore the ways in which social movement ideologies and identities are discursively constructed in new and old media. In the context of his argument, Featherman also considers current debates surrounding the role that...
Published April 1st 2015 by Routledge
Series: Iranian Studies
The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has been dubbed the 'kingmaker' in recent studies of Iranian politics, precipitating heated debates surrounding the potential militarization of the Iranian regime and giving rise to paradoxical understandings of the IRGC; whether as a military...
Published April 1st 2015 by Routledge
Series: Iranian Studies
Critical approaches to the study of topics related to Persian literature and Iranian culture have evolved in recent decades. The essays included in this volume collectively demonstrate the most recent creative approaches to the study of the Persian language, literature, and culture, and the way...
Published March 17th 2015 by Routledge
Series: Routledge Persian and Shi'i Studies
This book provides a comprehensive and widely accessible analysis of Mulla Sadra's works in order to establish the nature of his political philosophy and seeks to instigate a dialogue on the relevance of Sadra's philosophy to present day challenges. Laying the groundwork for further translations...
Published December 15th 2014 by Routledge
Series: Iranian Studies
The main focus of Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fiction is to identify components and elements which define Persian modernist fiction, placing an emphasis on literary concepts and devices which provide the dynamics of the evolutionary trajectory of this modernism. The question of '...
Published September 22nd 2014 by Routledge
Series: Iranian Studies
Examining the rapid transition in Iran from a modernizing, westernizing, secularizing monarchy (1941-79) to a hard-line, conservative, clergy-run Islamic republic (1979-), this book focuses on the ways this process has impacted the Qashqa'i—a rural, nomadic, tribally organized, Turkish-speaking,...
Published September 18th 2014 by Routledge
Series: New Approaches in Sociology
Iran is now at the center of political and social developments in the Middle East. This book examines the reform of the judicial system in 20th century Iran and is the first to relate state-building process with rule of law promotion and judicial reform in the region. This subject occupies the...
Published September 11th 2014 by Routledge
Series: Routledge Advances in Film Studies
Iranian films have been the subject of much critical and scholarly attention over the past several decades, and Iranian filmmakers are mainstays of international film festivals. Yet most of the attention has been focused on a small segment of Iranian film production: auteurist art cinema. Iranian...
Published September 9th 2014 by Routledge


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The campaign for governor in Connecticut is now in its final week and a number of national political figures are expected to come to Connecticut to help the candidates close the deal. Last night Democratic Governor Dannel Malloy and his Republican challenger Tom Foley sought votes on opposite sides of state on Monday.
Foley campaigned in southeastern Connecticut with New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Christie helped rally Republican Party faithful at a café in Groton.
Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy, a former prosecutor, says he believes a crime was committed when traffic jams were engineered in Fort Lee, New Jersey as part of a political vendetta against a Democratic mayor.
Malloy, a Democrat and former mayor, made the comment at a press conference in Hartford on Thursday about an unrelated matter. He didn't bring up the subject but he did not hesitate to give his opinion when asked about the situation involving his Republican counterpart in New Jersey.
This is the official web site of the WSHU Public Radio Group. Some links from these pages are not maintained by WSHU and are subject to change without notice. This Web site and its contents are © 2013 by WSHU, Fairfield, CT, and the respective copyright holders.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Published in In the News
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Special Assignment Reviews the Activities of the Vlakplaas 'Death Squads' and their impacts on families of those murdered or deliberately rendered useless in their operations to implement decisions of apartheid political leaders
Watch out for the Special Assignment two-part focus on the activities of Vlakplaas in the context of the recent parole of its former commander, Mr Eugene de Kock. The documentary includes interviews with memebrs of Khulumani Support group.


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Meet El Presidente
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (October 2010)
|""Meet El Presidente""
|Single by Duran Duran
|from the album Notorious
|"Vertigo (Do The Demolition)"
|April 1987
2 May 1987 [US]
|Jun-Sep 1986, London
|3:38 (7" remix)
|Duran Duran
|Duran Duran singles chronology
"Meet El Presidente" is the 16th single from Duran Duran, and the third single from the Notorious album.
About the song[edit]
According to a studio report in Star Hits magazine, one of the early drafts of this song was called "One of the Faithful". A demo version using that name can be found on several bootlegs.
The album version of the song is considerably different from the version used on the single and remixes and on the video. The album version has the same tempo but slightly different drums during the chorus, while the other versions use stronger basslines, a horn section, increased percussion (most notable during the lyric "Hell has no fury like a young girl's ego"), and female backing vocals (including a recurring "Ooh ooh" hook). In these ways, the non-album version is somewhat more similar to songs recorded for the subsequent Big Thing album than it is to other songs on Notorious.
Duran Duran played this song live, among others, on the final episode of British music show The Tube.
Music video[edit]
"Meet El Presidente" was the third video directed for Duran Duran by Peter Kagan and Paula Greif. It was a basic concert video, featuring the band in their stagewear from the Strange Behaviour tour which supported the release of the Notorious album. It was also filmed in black and white Super-8.
B-sides, bonus tracks and remixes[edit]
"Meet El Presidente" was backed by album track "Vertigo (Do The Demolition)". This was the second single from Notorious to have an album track as b-side.
It was also the first single that Duran Duran released as a CD single, on which they included the "Meet El Beat" remix.
Chart positions[edit]
- #24 UK Singles Chart (25 April 1987)
- #70 Billboard Hot 100 (2 May 1987)
- #40 Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales
- #10 Italian charts
Track listing[edit]
7": EMI / Tour 1 (UK)[edit]
- "Meet El Presidente" (7" remix) - 3:38
- "Vertigo (Do the Demolition)" - 4:43
12": EMI / 12 Tour 1 (UK)[edit]
- "Meet El Presidente" - 7:12
- "Meet El Presidente" (Meet El Beat) - 5:30
- "Meet El Presidente" (7" remix) - 3:38
- "Vertigo (Do the Demolition)" - 4:43
- also available on CD (CD TOUR 1)
- labelled 'The Presidential Suite' in the US
12": EMI / 12 Club-Tour 1 (UK)[edit]
- The Presidential Suite:
- "Meet El Presidente" - 7:12
- "Meet El Presidente" (Meet El Beat) - 5:30
- "Meet El Presidente" (Radio) - 3:38
- "Skin Trade" (Parisian Mix) - 8:10
- "Skin Trade" (S.O.S. Dub) - 7:16
- UK promo 12"
Duran Duran are:
- Simon Le Bon - Vocals
- John Taylor - Bass
- Nick Rhodes - Keyboards
- Warren Cuccurullo - Guitars
- Andy Taylor - Guitars
- Nile Rodgers - Guitars
- The Borneo Horns - Horns
- Curtis King - Background Vocals
- Brenda White-King - Background Vocals
- Tessa Niles - Background Vocals
- Cindy Mizelle - Background Vocals
- Nile Rodgers - Producer
- Duran Duran - Producer
- Daniel Abraham - Remixer, Engineer and Mixer
- Larry Levan - Remixer
External links[edit]


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Comment: I don't like Wired (Score 1) 44 44
Am I the only person here who doesn't like Wired?
I remember back in the mid-to-late 90s when a friend had a subscription. It seemed like bunk to me--full-color glossy pages and a kind of self-congratulatory almost outside-in look at computers and geek culture. My friend (an artist and self-avowed geek) loved the magazine, while I (a programmer) just never got the appeal. I liked the programming magazines that gave code samples!
I can't say I've seen an issue of Wired in probably 10 years, but judging from the Wired blog sites like "GeekDad" it seems to me that it's still full-on geekporn rather than a real technical magazine. I'm quite sure that my experiences 15 years ago have biased me against Wired, but are my impressions at all correct?


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Fantasy owners everywhere will be holding their breath until Monday, the day we'll learn more about the status of No. 2 consensus preseason draft pick and No. 7 overall fantasy scorer (entering Week 12) Adrian Peterson.
Peterson injured his ankle on a one-yard run early in the second quarter Sunday, and despite early indications that he'd be able to return to action, including his working out on the sidelines early in the second half in uniform, he was unable to finish the game. He finished with six carries for 36 yards and a touchdown and one catch for 34 yards, totaling 12 fantasy points. Minnesota Vikings coach Leslie Frazier told the Minneapolis Star Tribune afterward that Peterson will be re-evaluated Monday; Peterson also told 1500ESPN.com in Minneapolis that his ankle "started throbbing" after he injured it, preventing his return.
That'll send everyone scrambling to the waiver wire, looking to scoop up Peterson's primary backup, rookie Toby Gerhart. The rookie from Stanford had a workmanlike effort in relief of Peterson, rushing 22 times for 76 yards and a touchdown and adding two catches for five yards, good for a team-leading 13 fantasy points. Considering the obvious risks with ankle injuries -- high ankle sprains are typically multiple-week injuries, though that's only the worst-case scenario here, so don't panic -- Gerhart is well worth the speculative pickup in the 96.8 percent of ESPN leagues in which he remains available.
But it brings up an important topic at this stage of the fantasy season: How mandatory a strategy is handcuffing your stud running backs?
Unfortunately, there isn't a cut-and-dry answer to that, but instances like this elicit an immediate "yes" from practically everyone. Fantasy owners can be a reactionary bunch, constantly justifying (and criticizing) decisions with the benefit of hindsight, and many of us still have memories of that 2004 season, in which Kansas City Chiefs running backs Priest Holmes and Larry Johnson represented one of the most valuable handcuff combinations in fantasy history. Handcuffing is a strategy that appeases the risk-averse; if you're uncomfortable with the thought of losing a critical player on your roster -- as in this example with Peterson -- and have the bench room to do it, by all means, ease your mind.
But I'm of the belief that you populate your bench with the most valuable, most immediately helpful, players in the waning weeks of the season. For instance, you could've handcuffed Gerhart to Peterson two weeks ago and today you'd look brilliant. At the same time, Peterson's injury was fluky, Gerhart might never had been needed, and if you picked him up and ignored, say, a Mike Goodson, I think you'd be looking pretty foolish. So in other words, build depth, though in a few examples there are handcuffs who I'd give serious consideration to right now:
(Note: These are handcuffs only; tandem backs -- such as Jamaal Charles-Thomas Jones or LaDainian Tomlinson-Shonn Greene -- are not handcuffs.)
Gerhart (to Peterson): Again, it's easy to say he's a smart handcuff today, but even what little we've seen of him the past several weeks was enough to justify him being owned in more leagues. He's an underrated pass-catcher, he has good secondary speed, the starter ahead of him is one of the most valuable assets in all of fantasy, and his offense cannot survive merely passing the ball. At the same time, Gerhart isn't Peterson. To me, the expectations if he's the Week 13 starter should be similar to Goodson's when the latter started.
Javon Ringer (to Chris Johnson): I'm not a huge Ringer fan, but at the same time, Johnson is about as special a talent in fantasy as Peterson. A point in Ringer's favor: Opponents might be stacking the box against Johnson now, but I bet they wouldn't with Ringer in the backfield. Plus, he's deceptively quick and can catch passes.
Jason Snelling (to Michael Turner): Just turn the page back to 2009 and you'll understand why. Turner is one of the hottest running backs in the league, but his injury history is a tad sketchier than your average back's. Then again, check Snelling's injury, detailed in the "Injury report" section below.
Michael Bush (to Darren McFadden): Given a chance, Bush might very well come close to McFadden's level of production. In his past seven games in which he had double-digit carries, Bush has averaged 4.6 yards per carry with three scores.
Jerome Harrison (to LeSean McCoy): Remember, part of the reason Harrison lost his job to Peyton Hillis in Cleveland was a result of his own injuries; Harrison did look good in relief of McCoy in Week 10, and I still think he'd be a capable enough fantasy option in a starting role.
Willis McGahee (to Ray Rice): Another player of whom I'm not a huge fan, but McGahee has performed respectably well when given chances this season, including four rushing scores, many of them "vultured" from the starter.
And that's it, at least among mandatory handcuffs. Again, no cut-and-dry answer to this question, but in a standard ESPN league, I see better roster-worthy options to just about every other true "handcuff" candidate.
Tristan's MVP
Peyton Hillis managed the sixth-best fantasy point total of any individual player this season with 37 points, trailing only Michael Vick's 49 in Week 10, Darren McFadden's 43 in Week 7, Arian Foster's 41 in Week 1, Jahvid Best's 40 in Week 2 and Kenny Britt's 40 in Week 7, and he did it despite the Cleveland Browns' questionable decision to start Jake Delhomme at quarterback. If you watched the game, you might have noticed how the Browns seemed to do everything in their power to avoid handing the ball to Hillis in the red zone during their first drive. Fortunately they wised up, he broke off a nine-yard touchdown run then polished off two of their next three drives with five- and six-yard touchdown runs.
While Hillis was held out of the end zone after halftime, he remained a beast in the passing game, catching six of his eight targets for 63 yards, and he finished with 20-plus touches for the fourth consecutive week since the bye, averaging 28.5 touches during that span. That's a tad disconcerting workload -- though his season pace of 356 is manageable -- but Hillis should be capable of handling it, and he's effectively matchup-proof despite some challenging late-season assignments.
Week 12 observations
• It's easy to condemn Tennessee Titans rookie Rusty Smith for what was a particularly poor outing against a weak Houston Texans secondary (17-for-31 passing, 138 yards, 0 touchdowns, 3 interceptions), but it's the impact on Chris Johnson's numbers (seven carries for five yards) that was most disconcerting. If the Texans flummoxed Smith, imagine what better defensive opponents might do? They'd stack the box to shut down Johnson at every opportunity, leading to more games in which the team finds itself inescapably behind early. But there's hope: Kerry Collins (calf) was active as Smith's backup this week, a sign that he might be ready to take first-team snaps during practice and start in Week 13. That doesn't make Collins himself a fantasy option against the comparably weak Jaguars secondary, but it should give Johnson a fighting chance at returning to his former elite numbers.
• The New York Giants remained true to their word, giving Brandon Jacobs the start, the most carries (14) and the most touches (14) of their running backs, but a closer inspection of the game shows that Ahmad Bradshaw deserves to earn the starting job back come Week 13. A huge plus for Bradshaw: He didn't fumble. Another plus: The Giants gave Bradshaw both of their goal-line carries (counting his fourth-quarter two-point conversion), bucking traditional wisdom that Jacobs is their goal-line back. Jacobs' presence keeps Bradshaw outside the top 10 fantasy running backs, but not that far outside it.
• Keep tabs on the news surrounding Andre Johnson after both he and Titans cornerback Cortland Finnegan were ejected for fighting during the fourth quarter of Sunday's game. Though Johnson should have pleased his owners enough with nine receptions on 11 targets for 56 yards and a touchdown (11 fantasy points) before leaving, there's always the possibility of a one-game suspension for his actions. Remember, Johnson's Texans face the Philadelphia Eagles on Thursday, meaning a short week coming off a game in which star Eagles cornerback Asante Samuel (knee) was inactive. That's a potentially juicy matchup he might miss.
• After beginning the season on a tremendously sour note, Dwayne Bowe has rebounded in a massive way, earning certain top-10 fantasy status with an astonishing seven-game stretch during which he has 13 touchdowns and 148 fantasy points. It's quite the breakthrough for the wideout, who battled off-the-field issues and on-field inconsistency up to that point. What's more, Bowe's performance is actually pulling up the fantasy value of his quarterback, Matt Cassel, who previously wasn't making nearly enough throws to warrant a roster spot, let alone starter status. Cassel has 18 touchdowns compared to one interception in his past seven games, totaling 135 fantasy points during that span.
• Speaking of quarterbacks on the rise, Chad Henne likely will jump a few spots in my Tuesday rankings following an impressive return performance after missing Week 11 because of a knee injury. Despite the absence of Brandon Marshall (hamstring), Henne threw for 307 yards and two scores against the Oakland Raiders, good for 18 fantasy points. I'm still skeptical of his accuracy -- he was just 17-for-30 passing and had an interception, and had been very erratic before getting hurt -- but there are some matchups remaining on his schedule (CLE, BUF and DET in Weeks 13, 15 and 16, respectively) that could make him a high-No. 2 fantasy quarterback.
• I'll stick with the quarterback theme: Sam Bradford completed 22 of 37 throws for 308 yards and three scores, setting a new personal best with 24 fantasy points. While part of it was the favorable matchup against the Denver Broncos, it shouldn't be ignored that he has 11 touchdowns compared to just one interception in his past six games. He's quickly developing into one of the more underrated quarterbacks in the game, a possible weekly two-quarterback-league option the remainder of the season and a prime keeper-league prospect. (Yes, I know, I keep singing his praises.)
• While Steve Johnson's five drops on Sunday shouldn't go ignored, don't get too down on him. He was still the team's most-targeted option (15), and he led the team in receptions (seven), and most notably, he dominated Lee Evans, who was seven and one in both of those categories. Johnson's game-killing drop in overtime might cost him a few looks in coming matchups, but Ryan Fitzpatrick still trusts him like no one else on the roster.
Injury report
For the latest injury updates, check back for Stephania Bell's analysis throughout the week and keep tabs on the Monday news conferences.
• Zach Miller (foot): It has been a frustrating recent stretch for the Raiders tight end, as Miller aggravated his foot injury, departing early in Week 12 with recurring soreness in the arch of his foot. It's a significant setback, considering he missed a game (Week 9) earlier in the year with the injury, and has been a total non-factor in the past three in which he played (four catches total in Weeks 8, 11 and 12). Should this send Miller back to the sidelines for additional time, Brandon Myers would likely take over his position, though fantasy owners should look to another team for a plug-in at tight end.
• David Garrard (wrist): He sustained a wrist injury when he was sacked by the New York Giants' Antrel Rolle and Justin Tuck late in the fourth quarter, according to the Jacksonville Jaguars' official website. Postgame X-ray results weren't immediately known. "Probably just a sprain. I can't move it much," Garrard said. Should Garrard be unable to suit up for Week 13, Trent Edwards would probably earn the start, though Todd Bouman also lingers as an alternative.
• Jason Snelling (hamstring): As mentioned earlier, Snelling was injured during Week 12, removed early in the fourth quarter because of a hamstring issue. It's unclear how significant the injury is, but keep tabs on it during the week, as handcuff options aren't typically worth keeping stashed during weeks they're expected to be inactive. A healthy Snelling is well worth owning if you're a Michael Turner owner, as outlined above, however.
• Michael Hoomanawanui (ankle): He left in the second quarter because of an ankle sprain, though early indications were that it's not to the ankle he injured earlier in the year. Still, it's a frustrating development for the up-and-comer, as he suffered the injury on his 36-yard touchdown reception. Hoomanawanui might have been an intriguing pickup in deeper leagues this week, but he'd need a clean bill of health before being worth the roster spot.
Tristan H. Cockcroft is a fantasy football analyst for ESPN.com. You can e-mail him here, or follow him on Twitter @SultanofStat.


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Local news for July 18, 2011
Louisville news: I'm in Montana, where the weather's cool and the water's drinkable, how are you? edition [News]
Local news for July 15, 2011
Said Mayor Fischer: "It's the right thing to do."
Local news for July 7, 2011
"Talk to Greg" meetings scheduled at local schools.
Louisville news: Lexington's developmental basketball team signs coach to $36.5 million contract; how are you doing? edition [News]
Local news for June 28, 2011
The terrible saga of Louisville's Metro Animal Services continues...
Local news for June 23, 2011
The Louisville Zoo, Churchill Downs, Slugger Field and even the Mayor of Louisville himself weigh in on this storied debate. What's your preference?
Local news for June 10, 2011
Mayor Fischer admitted that there was still plenty of hope that the project could still be built, and his tone indicated that the project is anything but dead in the water.
Festivities begin Sunday
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Good values on homes are still available, as the number of homes listed for sale is greater than the number of homes being sold. Great deals can be found by determined buyers.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 11
|New: 1
|Recently Sold: 9
|Reduced: 7
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 508
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in Wilson Park is $135,915, which is 41.5% higher than the average sold price in Wilson Park ($96,080) . The average home price per square foot in Wilson Park is $104 and about 2% of all homes in Wilson Park sold in the last 6 months. For Wilson Park home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 508 property records or search our 9 recently sold or 11 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in Wilson Park are only a part of the 142,209 properties and 3,607 homes for sale in Milwaukee. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of Wilson Park also influence the average home price $141,390 and average sale price $168,135 of Milwaukee. Listing counts, Wilson Park home prices and home values in Wilson Park are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


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Jeffrey Rosen looks at what makes the Town of Greece case a potential blockbuster when it comes to prayer at public legislative meetings.
Search Results for: "constitution check"
So you want to form your own state? It may take a while
Voters in five Colorado counties said on Tuesday they want to form their own state. But the breakaway regions face almost impossible constitutional and political obstacles.
Debate: Does the President have the right to raise the debt ceiling?
Does President Obama have a duty to raise the debt ceiling without Congress if there is danger of a default? Or would such an act be outside of the Constitution? Three leading constitutional experts debated that thorny issue in a special event at the National Constitution Center this week.
The Constitution Outside the Courts: Senator Patrick Leahy
Lyle Denniston looks at Senator Patrick Leahy's efforts to influence the constitutional conversation about the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, by seeking more accountability for its actions.
Podcast: Experts debate the debt ceiling and the 14th amendment
Three leading constitutional experts joined the National Constitution Center's Jeffrey Rosen this week to discuss one of the most unique topics in constitutional law: the 14th Amendment and the debt ceiling.
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text: Patient Advocate: A Critical Role in Patient Experience Co-authored by three insightful healthcare leaders who are patient advocates themselves, this paper helps us understand the value of the role of patient advocates in healthcare. Patient advocates remain true to a certain set of principles and a shared value that has been essential to maintaining balance of focus in healthcare organizations. Patient advocates are employed by healthcare organizations with a commitment to ensuring patient voice is heard, yet they also represent the organization in which they are employed, its vision and strategy.The role of the patient advocate is a very unique and special one and can truly make a difference for people throughout the healthcare journey. This paper explores the history of patient advocacy, how it has evolved over time and its relevance to the overall patient experience.Download the Complete Paper >


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RunKeeper - GPS Running, Walk, Cycling, Workout and Weight Tracker
Track your run pace, measure workout distance, chart weight loss, crush training goals and more with LifeHacker's Best Running App! RunKeeper is the simplest way to improve fitness, whether you're just deciding to get off the couch for a 5k, biking every day, or deep into marathon training.
RunKeeper works even better with your Apple Watch!
Track your runs, walks, bike rides, training workouts and all of the other fitness activities using the GPS in your
○ Calculate running pace, cycling speed, route distance, elevation and calorie burn for any fitness activity - in high accuracy and real time!
○ Find and follow pre-planned routes and see your location route on a map
○ Follow training plan workouts or create your own with audio coaching
○ Get audio updates while you work out about your total mileage, calorie count, pace, speed, mileage
○ Sync your Bluetooth Heart rate monitor to track your heart rate and stay in heart rate zones
○ Get cadence trends and steps for every run
○ Use your Pebble smart watch to track all your stats, right on your wrist
○ Run with music and playlists from your iTunes library or Spotify
○ Easily add your indoor cardio (treadmill, elliptical) and gym workouts (Yoga, Crossfit)
RunKeeper is the training app for all skill levels
○ Find and follow Run/Walk training plans as a beginner
○ Get coached with 10k, Half Marathon and Full Marathon training plans for more advanced runners built by renowned coaches like Jeff Galloway
○ Train for weight loss with "running for fat loss" plans by Mike Diebler
○ View entire training calendar directly in the app, and get coached through each workout while you run with audio cues
Sync Runkeeper.com with the best fitness apps you're all ready using for nutrition, sleep monitoring, weight, step
tracking, calorie counting and getting rewards. RunKeeper works great with:
○ Apple HealthKit
○ MyFitnessPal calorie tracking app
○ Fitbit activity monitoring devices
○ Garmin watches and Garmin Connect
○ Withings wifi scales
○ Sleep Cycle app
○ Hundreds of other apps and devices like, Lose it!, Jawbone Up, GymPact, Earnedit, Fitocracy, Zombies Run, Gym Hero, pedometers and more!
Set fitness goals and track your progress over time
○ Set goals to run a half marathon, lose weight, complete a total distance or set a personal record
○ Chart your progress, and see a full log of all your past goals
RunKeeper Elite
○ Compare Workouts: Automatically rank similar workouts and compare pace and elevation between them.
○ Premium Training Plans: Take advantage of premium training plans that show you what workouts you need to do each week to improve and stay on track towards achieving your goals
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○ Live Activity Tracking: Share your current activity in real time
○ Ad-Free Experience
Subscriptions for RunKeeper Elite are $9.99 per month or $39.99 for a full year. RunKeeper Elite subscriptions will be charged to your iTunes account after your confirmation of purchase. Your monthly subscription will automatically renew each month and be charged through your iTunes account, yearly subscriptions will automatically renew each year. Subscriptions renew at $9.99 per month or $39.99 for a full year automatically unless cancelled at least 24 hours prior to the end of the current period. You can turn off auto-renew at any time from your iTunes account settings. Cancellation of the current active subscription period is not allowed.
Find the full terms and conditions, and our privacy policy, at http://runkeeper.com/termsofservice and http://runkeeper.com/privacypolicy respectively.
Note: Continued use of GPS running in the background can dramatically decrease battery life.
What's New
Version 5.6.2 (Jun 22, 2015)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 5.6.1 (Jun 09, 2015)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 5.6 (May 11, 2015)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 5.5 (Apr 20, 2015)
RunKeeper is here for the Apple Watch! A golden opportunity to make running a lot more awesome.
What's new:
- RunKeeper for Apple Watch: the most magical thing to happen to running since the iPhone!
- Leave your phone in your pocket as you start, view, and complete your run all from the Apple Watch.
- Follow your training plan workouts with notifications right from the watch. Really awesome for when you think you're about to die from that speed interval.
Version 5.4.1 (Mar 27, 2015)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 5.4 (Mar 19, 2015)
My Plan
Your goals and training plans are now happily living under the new tab called "My Plan". We made it easier to get help setting a goal that's right for you, easier to see how you're doing along the way and made it easier to find and follow the training plan that help's reach your goal.
iOS 6 support
In order to keep the RunKeeper app fast and stable, we are no longer supporting iOS 6. To get the most out of RunKeeper, make sure your phone is up to date!
Version 5.3 (Mar 05, 2015)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 5.2.1 (Feb 23, 2015)
Connect and Run with Spotify Playlists
Tired of listening to the same songs run after run after run? Good news! RunKeeper has partnered with Spotify to bring you the most popular playlists people listen to when they run! Spotify Premium users can now connect their accounts to RunKeeper in settings, access their personal playlists, and discover new playlists for running.
Version 5.2 (Jan 26, 2015)
Today Widget
Use RunKeeper's today widget to see upcoming workouts, start your run and view stats right on your lock screen! To enable the RunKeeper widget, open Notification Center by pulling down from the top of the screen, tap the Edit button at the very bottom of the Today view, and enable RunKeeper. (iOS 8 only)
Version 5.1.1 (Dec 09, 2014)
New in 5.1.1
- Bug Fixes and Improvements: This update fixes several bugs including the Apple Health app calorie count issue, we thank you for your support!
New in 5.1
- Apple Health Integration (iOS 8 Only): Connect RunKeeper with Apple's Health app to sync your workouts and measurements
- Indoor Tracking Improvements: We made switching between Stopwatch and GPS mode easier by bringing a toggle to the main start screen
- Support for SMS Audio BioSport Earbuds: Built-in optical sensor continuously measures your heart rate while you listen to music during your workout
- Support for Timex IRONMAN Run x50+: Connect your Timex IRONMAN Run x50+ watch to RunKeeper and view your workout stats right on your wrist while your phone stays in your pocket
Version 5.1 (Nov 28, 2014)
- Apple Health Integration (iOS 8 Only): Connect RunKeeper with Apple's Health app to sync your workouts and
- Indoor Tracking Improvements: We made switching between Stopwatch and GPS mode easier by bringing a toggle to the main start screen
- Support for SMS Audio BioSport Earbuds: Built-in optical sensor continuously measures your heart rate while you listen to music during your workout
- Support for Timex IRONMAN Run x50+: Connect your Timex IRONMAN Run x50+ watch to RunKeeper and view your workout stats right on your wrist while your phone stays in your pocket
Version 5.0.1 (Nov 14, 2014)
Fixed the music / audio cue issue that was preventing music from returning to normal volume. Thank you for your bug reports!
Indoor tracking! Running on a treadmill to escape the cold or rainy weather? We now made it easy to track your indoor activities with RunKeeper's Stopwatch Mode.
- View your Time and Heart Rate data during the activity
- Receive audio cues for Time and Heart Rate
- Your pace gets calculated when you enter your total distance after your workout
- As usual, all of your hard-earned miles will be counted toward your goals
Here's how to track an indoor workout with Stopwatch Mode:
1) On the "Start" screen select activity "Type"
2) On the "Activity Type" screen select "Stopwatch Mode"
3) Select your activity from the list
4) Select the "Go" button on the "Start" screen and get your sweat on!
Version 5.0 (Nov 03, 2014)
Indoor tracking! Running on a treadmill to escape the cold or rainy weather? We now made it easy to track your indoor activities with RunKeeper's Stopwatch Mode.
- View your Time and Heart Rate data during the activity
- Receive audio cues for Time and Heart Rate
- Your pace gets calculated when you enter your total distance after your workout
- As usual, all of your hard-earned miles will be counted toward your goals
Here's how to track an indoor workout with Stopwatch Mode:
1) On the "Start" screen select activity "Type"
2) On the "Activity Type" screen select "Stopwatch Mode"
3) Select your activity from the list
4) Select the "Go" button on the "Start" screen and get your sweat on!
Version 4.9.4 (Oct 20, 2014)
Bug Fixes and Improvements: This update fixes several crashes that were preventing some users from enjoying the RunKeeper experience, we thank you for your support!
Version 4.9.3 (Oct 09, 2014)
Bug fixes and improvements
Version 4.9 (Sep 26, 2014)
- We now support Magellan Echo series sport watches! Connect your Echo device to RunKeeper and view your workout
stats right on your wrist while your phone stays in your pocket.
- Bug fixes and performance improvements
- Full iOS 8 Support!
Version 4.8.1 (Sep 08, 2014)
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Version 4.8 (Aug 18, 2014)
- RunKeeper Elite users can now access all training plans for free as part of their Elite subscription
- Share what motivates you to achieve your goals with rest of the world
Version 4.7.1 (Jul 17, 2014)
Bug Fixes and Improvements.
Version 4.7 (Jul 10, 2014)
Bug fixes and improvements
Version 4.6 (Jun 26, 2014)
▪ Support for new languages: You can now use everything from Goals and Training to audio Coaching in
Simplified Chinese and Korean
▪ Now you can review and adjust what your shared RunKeeper activity will look like before posting to Facebook and Twitter
▪ After completing an activity, you now go straight to the activity Feed where you can view your completed activity along with those of your friends and family.
▪ We made it even easier to find your friends and family using RunKeeper and quickly add them to your fitness network.
▪ Goal Coach is now equipped with progress notifications to help you stay on track and hit your goals. [For Elite users only]
Version 4.5.2 (May 27, 2014)
Bug fixes
Version 4.5.1 (May 07, 2014)
Bug fixes and stability improvements
Version 4.5 (Apr 24, 2014)
The New Personalized Goal Dashboard!
- Create fitness goals and check the status of your Training Plans all from the same place
- Upload a photo that represents YOUR motivation to achieve your fitness goals
Goal Coach
- Goal Coach helps you choose a fitness goal that works for you
- Personalized insights into your goal progress to help you stay on track no matter where you are with your training
Version 4.4.1 (Apr 09, 2014)
Various Squashed bugs (software...not the terrifying bitey kind).
Version 4.4 (Mar 25, 2014)
Post-activity notifications
-Receive congratulations when you achieve one of your fastest activities
Elite Improvements
-Compare calories burned across activities
-View calories burned and weight graphs
Version 4.3.1 (Feb 06, 2014)
-Bug fixes
Version 4.3 (Feb 04, 2014)
-Search for new RunKeeper friends by full name
-Performance improvements on Me tab
-Many other improvements and bug fixes
Version 4.2.2 (Jan 02, 2014)
-More bug fixes
Version 4.2.1 (Dec 10, 2013)
-Bug fixes and improvements
Version 4.2 (Dec 03, 2013)
More languages!
-We're now available in Swedish, Dutch, and Russian
-Listen to British audio cues by selecting UK language setting
New manual entry experience and new activity types
-Log your workouts into RunKeeper all in one step
-We now support new activity types like strength training, spinning, yoga and many more
Invite your friends to use RunKeeper via email
Version 4.1 (Nov 07, 2013)
Brand new features for the iPhone 5s!
-Pocket Track: Background detection of walking activities so that you get credit without having to hit 'Start' or 'Stop'
-Stride rate chart: View how your stride rate changes while running or walking
-Improved auto-pause for running and walking activities
More goodness for the iPhone 5s, 5c, and 5
-AirDrop a workout: Share your one off workouts with friends nearby
-AirDrop a friend request: Add nearby workout buddies to your RunKeeper friend list
Version 4.0.2 (Oct 04, 2013)
More bug fixes and improvements for all you iOS7'ers
Version 4.0.1 (Sep 26, 2013)
Exterminated some bugs and added some sweet pixels to our 4.0 release where we've totally revamped the RunKeeper experience for iOS 7.
Version 4.0 (Sep 18, 2013)
Say hello to a leaner, cleaner RunKeeper!
We've totally revamped our experience for iOS 7 to focus more on your data and progress and less on a heavy design. In fact, we cleaned up the app up so much, your phone may actually feel lighter when you're out on a run!
- Brand new look and feel!
- Overhauled "Start" screen experience!
- Easier access to logging workouts you forgot to track with RunKeeper (doh)!
- iOS7 Background fetch to make everything snappier when you launch the app!
Version 3.7.1 (Aug 02, 2013)
Bug fixes!
Version 3.7 (Jul 29, 2013)
- New "Today" button on training plan
- Find a new plan while you're on one
- Lots of bug fixes and perfomance improvements
Version 3.6 (Jul 18, 2013)
New Training Tab!
- Find the training plan that matches YOUR fitness goals
- Easily follow your training schedule and crush your workouts with audio coaching
- Track your progress against your training goals in new weekly milage and training charts.
Updated Me Tab!
- View your workout history and stats, all in one place
- Activities are now ordered like the feed
- Quickly add a profile picture from your phone.
Friend Profiles!
- See your friends activities, goals, and personal bests right from the leaderboard and feed.
- Discover and add new friends with ease.
Version 3.5.1 (Jun 21, 2013)
Bug fixes and improvements
Version 3.5 (Jun 11, 2013)
Totally overhauled social experience:
- Now you can follow your friends' activities and progress right in the app.
- Comment and Like friend's activities to show support.
- Dive deep into your friends activity stats, photos and maps.
Run Ranking and Comparisons:
- See how any run (or walk, or bike) stacks up against similar workouts on your activity summary.
- Compare the pace and elevation charts for any two activities.
- Note: Run Ranking and Comparison requires an elite subscription.
Version 3.4 (May 22, 2013)
Totally revamped historical activity experience:
- See activity details in a single, beautiful view
- View notes and photos you've added to your workouts.
- Drill into detailed pace, elevation and heart rate charts for any of your past workouts!
Improved goals and personal bests experience
- See your goal progress and personal bests right after you're done working out.
- Set weekly activity targets and track how you're doing every week.
- Set goals without end dates, and easily delete any goal from your phone!
Version 3.3.1 (May 13, 2013)
- Numerous Bug fixes and stability improvements.
- Kilometer support for all you Pebble users!
Version 3.3 (May 07, 2013)
Support for new languages!
You can now use everything from goals to audio coaching in Spanish, French, German, Italian, Brazilian Portuguese and Japanese!
Track your runs with your Pebble watch!
- Use your Pebble watch to view your stats while working out.
- Pause and resume RunKeeper right from your wrist.
Lots of other improvements and fixes for bugs that you hopefully never noticed!
Version 3.2 (Apr 05, 2013)
We've got some exciting new ways to track your progress over time!
★ Visualize how frequently you work out over time to build healthy habits.
★ Drill into detailed analytics around your lifetime mileage, pace and activity distance breakdown with new "Lifetime Insights".
We've updated the Start screen to make it way easier to log activities, and share your runs live with friends!
★ Swipe left to easily add a weight measurement or indoor/old activity through a new "input" menu.
★ Set up RunKeeper Live to broadcast your workout to Facebook and Twitter.
This is the last version of RunKeeper with support for iOS 4.3. To keep receiving RunKeeper updates, make sure you are running iOS 5.0 or higher.
Version 3.1.1 (Mar 11, 2013)
You can now enter calories when logging a manual activity!
Version 3.1 (Mar 05, 2013)
If you're a weight-conscious night runner, this one's for you! With this update you can enjoy your evening jaunts with a soothing new "night mode" theme, adjust your workout settings on the move, and track your weight goal progress with ease.
Night mode
★ Track your workouts in the dark with a new color scheme specifically designed for dimly lit.
★ Switch back to day mode and use it like a flashlight if you get scared.
★ Use Night mode in the day too - you've never been one for conventions.
In-Activity Settings
★ Change audio cues, visual themes, auto-pause and screen orientation during your workout.
★ Avoid accidentally hitting the screen rotation button
Weight logging and Visualization tools
★ Enter and track your current and historical weight over time
★ See how you're progressing against weight loss goals
★ Set up "Weigh-in" reminders at any schedule you'd like
Version 3.0.2 (Jan 29, 2013)
Squashed a sneaky little bug that was biting users on older devices and operating systems.
Version 3.0.1 (Jan 21, 2013)
★ Added Goal sharing to Facebook and Twitter
★ Beautified save activity
★ Fixed super annoying Facebook prompt bug
★ Numerous other bug fixes and improvements
Version 3.0 (Dec 31, 2012)
A brand new RunKeeper just in time for the new year! With this version, we've completely redesigned the app to tie everything together into a fresh, easy-to-use, and fun experience.
Besides a totally new look, we've also added some exciting new stuff all through the app!
★ Add an end of activity photo and share your glory with friends
★ Sign up for RunKeeper's Elite membership right from the app
★ Broadcast your activities live right from the start screen (requires Elite)
★ Tracking accuracy improvements for iOS6
★ Tons of stability, performance and usability improvements
Version 2.8.1 (Nov 03, 2012)
-Bug fixes and stability improvements
Version 2.8 (Oct 22, 2012)
★ NEW Me tab: Compare your current activity data against your recent past, view all of your personal records, and
check progress against your goals.
★ NEW Friends tab: Add friends right from the app, compete against your friends to reach the top of your leaderboard, and message friends that are inactive.
★ NEW Workout Reminders: Schedule reminders for yourself right after you finish an activity to keep on top of your fitness.
★ NEW In-app Notifications: View and respond to friend requests and friend messages right from the Start screen.
More goodness:
- Updated Save Workout screen
- Updated Facebook integration
- Improved stability for heart rate tracking in iOS6
- Bug fixes and stability improvements
Version 2.7.2 (Sep 28, 2012)
-Looks great on the new iPhone 5 :)
-iOS 6 bug fixes
-Updated Wahoo heart rate monitor library
-Crash fixes
Version 2.7.1 (Sep 13, 2012)
Bug fixes from our 2.7 release, which included:
Free Training Plans From Coaching Pros!
• Find and sign up for a training plan tailored to your fitness goals - from just getting off the couch to finishing a marathon.
• Easily follow your training program directly in the RunKeeper app and always know what's next.
• Get coached through each workout on the fly with audio instructions.
• See how you're progressing against your plan over time
• Manage your plan on your phone and on the web at Runkeeper.com.
More Goodness!
• Updated look and feel of activity history
• Connect to Twitter from the app and share your activities
• Support for iOS6
• Bug fixes and stability improvements
Version 2.7 (Sep 04, 2012)
Free Training Plans From Coaching Pros!
• Find and sign up for a training plan tailored to your fitness goals - from just getting off the couch to finishing a marathon.
• Easily follow your training program directly in the RunKeeper app and always know what's next.
• Get coached through each workout on the fly with audio instructions.
• See how you're progressing against your plan over time
• Manage your plan on your phone and on the web at Runkeeper.com.
More Goodness!
• Updated look and feel of activity history
• Connect to Twitter from the app and share your activities
• Support for iOS6
• Bug fixes and stability improvements
Version 188.8.131.52 (Jul 20, 2012)
-Ability to set goals and see progress towards achieving them
-Set and update your weight
Version 126.96.36.199 (Jun 09, 2012)
- Crash bug fixes for iOS 4 users during signup / profile entry.
- Fixed bug with splits in historical activities.
- Other small bug fixes.
Version 22.214.171.124 (Jun 05, 2012)
-Fixed GPS inaccuracies around starting location of an activity
-Sign-up and login with Facebook
-Ability to enter in-app profile information
-Better safeguards around saving your data
Version 22.214.171.124 (Mar 15, 2012)
- Various bug fixes.
Version 184.108.40.206 (Dec 14, 2011)
- Support for Wahoo BTLE heartrate monitor.
- Support for tracking heartrate in the background with Wahoo heartrate monitor.
- Added heartrate monitor connection status indicator on main screen.
- Added ability to pair Wahoo heartrate monitors. Required for Wahoo BTLE monitor. Optional for ANT+ monitors.
- Fixed bug related to old points sometimes used at the start of an activity.
- Various bug fixes.
Version 126.96.36.199 (Oct 28, 2011)
- Implemented auto-pause.
- iOS 5 compatible.
- Improvements to GPS filtering to help accuracy.
- Implemented heart rate zone audio cues and display.
- Fix pause / resume errors with training workouts.
- Improvements to current and average pace stability (better filtering).
- Audio speed improvements.
- Several bug fixes (including some for iOS 3.x compatibility)
- Speed and app size improvements.
Version 188.8.131.52 (Aug 30, 2011)
Primarily a bug fix build.
Bug Fixes:
- Fixed iOS 3.x compatibility.
- Fix for trip resend crash.
- Fixed crash due to GPS lock not being acheived within timeout period (usually happened at app startup or shortly after starting the app).
- Fixed a crash when selecting friends you ran with when a timeout occurs.
- Fixed a crash caused by the friend tag view.
- Fixed some block related memory and crash problems.
- Fixed problem with activity privacy settings not always setting to "Just Me" when it should.
- Fixed display of Nan for speed display.
- Increased timeout for network operations.
- Eliminated sound latency with backgrounding.
- Memory improvements.
- Fixed a potential deadlock in selecting activities on the history screen if activity synchronization finished at the same time.
- Stop location services when in manual entry mode.
- Minor UI improvements.
- Don't duplicate street teammates and facebook friends when we can associate them in friend tag selection.
- Fixed a rare crash caused by the map when an activity is dismissed.
- Disassociate discarded trips from selected class session if a session is selected for the trip. This allows the user to re-select that class session.
- Changed audio trigger configuration in settings to allow both a time and distance based audio trigger (instead of only allowing one or the other).
- Added more time and distance options in the time and distance based audio triggers.
- Changed normal audio cues to be muted if audio configuration is set to "On Demand". Training workout intervals or class intervals will still be played, however, and touching the screen while tracking will still play the configured audio cues from settings.
- Made the volume controls always control the media volume while the app is focused.
- Implemented average and current heartrate audio cues.
- Changed class session names to use assigned names from the website instead of computed names.
- Implemented user configurable countdown in settings.
- Changed history page to sync two pages worth of activities initially. Scrolling up at the top will update any activities since the last sync time (which also happens when the view is shown) and scrolling down when at the bottom of the table will get more activity history.
Version 22.214.171.124 (Jul 28, 2011)
- Added the ability to select which friends you did your activity with from your RunKeeper Street Teammates,
Facebook friends or phone contacts from within the app.
- Added ability to connect to Facebook on the mobile app.
- Added ability to edit notes for historical activities.
- Fixed crashes on the start screen (caused by GPS lock timer).
- Fixed intermittent crashes at the end of sync.
Version 188.8.131.52 (Apr 28, 2011)
Bugfix release:
- Fixed crashes on the start screen.
Version 18.104.22.168 (Apr 19, 2011)
- Fixed intermittent crashes.
- Fixed problem with workout or class intervals that are time based sometimes going through really quickly.
- Fixed route map display not updating on first download.
- Fixed routes updating when changed from server (will still display cached route until the update is transmitted from the server).
Version 18.104.22.168 (Apr 06, 2011)
- Memory improvements to reduce usage during inactive (top locked) and background operation.
- Reduced CPU / power usage during inactive (top locked) and background operation.
- Updated all graphics to use hi resolution graphics on retina displays.
- Various graphics changes to improve user experience.
Version 220.127.116.11 (Feb 18, 2011)
- Improvements to activity synchronization error messages.
- Memory improvements.
- Fixed bug with splits generated on the phone for training workouts that have mixed time / distance intervals changing after uploading to the server.
- Prevent impossible average heart rates from being entered.
- Updates to the about page
- Fixed live HR information not getting sent on live activities.
- Fixed route selection sometimes causing a crash.
Version 18.104.22.168 (Jan 24, 2011)
What's new?
- Fixed class asociation with activities
- Fixed problems with duplicate trips being generated for unsent activities
- Fixed problems with timestamps being sent incorrectly with 24-hour mode off for locales that default to 24-hour mode
- Increased timeout for API calls to 90 seconds
- Improvements to activity synchronization
- Better error messages for activity synchronization
- Send calories properly for manual activities
- Fixed time / distance based audio cues with 15s countdown enabled
- Fixed 15s countdown when used in the background (will not pause countdown now)
- Fixed start point using old GPS point when GPS lock is not established at the start of an activity
- Prevent manual resend of an activity while activity synchronization is in progress
Version 184.108.40.206 (Jan 10, 2011)
- Fixed crash for 3G devices.
- Fixed getting workouts and classes onto device from server for activities associated with a workout or class session.
- Fixed premature push of activity when started right after sync starts.
- Fixed (rare) deadlock
Version 184.108.40.206 (Jan 05, 2011)
What's new in this version:
- Added support for Wahoo Fitness heart rate monitoring device! More info: http://runkeeper.com/heart-rate-monitoring
- Two-way synchronization of activity history! Activities on the web and device should now match (including splits and intervals).
- Added street team privacy settings for map and activity
- Added average speed, current pace, current speed, current split pace, current split speed, current interval pace, and current interval speed audio cues
- Updated several images with iPhone4 compatible retina display images
- Improved performance, app size, memory usage, and battery efficiency
- Bug Fix: FitnessClasses multiple classes associated with an account now properly sync to device
- Bug Fix: Manual activities will not double post
- Bug Fix: Target pace announcement bug when target pace disabled fixed
- Bug Fix: Training session totals now reflect repetitions
Version 220.127.116.11 (Oct 31, 2010)
New in this release:
- Fix for the random "pause point" crash bugs.
- Fixed the time zone problem when entering times for a manual activity.
- Fixed audio cues lowering the volume on 3rd party music apps.
- Fixed crash when errors occur during FitnessClass synchronization.
- Fixed crash when associating a FitnessClass session to a manual activity.
- Database backups upon upgrade to a new version.
- Popup to inform user of new account creation when a new account is created.
- Popup to inform user when location services are disabled for RunKeeper.
- Fixed some memory leaks.
Two-way sync will be coming in the next app release.
Version 22.214.171.124 (Oct 08, 2010)
Added capability to synchronize FitnessClasses from runkeeper.com directly onto the application.
Bug fix for database upgrade.
NOTE: If you updated to the previous version (18.104.22.168), you will need to delete the application and reinstall it to your device. You will not be charged again, simply use the same iTunes, download the app from the app store, click 'buy', and it will tell you you already paid and it is free.
If you are updating from 126.96.36.199 or earlier, you can update the app as you normally do.
You can determine the version number at the bottom of the settings screen.
Version 22.214.171.124
Version 126.96.36.199
Version 22.214.171.124
Version 126.96.36.199
Version 2.3
Version 220.127.116.11
Version 188.8.131.52
Version 188.8.131.52
Version 18.104.22.168
Version 126.96.36.199
Target Pace
Want to know how you are performing in your activity compared to your previous activity, your street teammate's previous activity, or compared to a target pace that you have yet to achieve? Now you can! With the new version of RunKeeper Pro, simply set your target pace (in the GPS start screen Training settings), and RunKeeper will coach you during your activity with audio cues that tell you how far ahead or behind you are from your target pace. Whether this is a goal for an upcoming race or another pace you want to train against, now RunKeeper will help keep you on your target pace during your activity!
More Audio Cue Customization
The RunKeeper Pro 2.2 update now gives you the ability to choose which audio cues you want to hear during your activity. In the settings, you can turn off or turn on your Activity's Time, Distance, and Average Pace audio cue independently. You can also easily change the frequency that you get your audio cues, every 1,2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes or every ¼, ½, ¾, or 1 mile/km. The on-demand option is still an option.
More Accurate GPS Tracking
With the RunKeeper 2.2 update we have eliminated a frequent GPS tracking issue that has caused users to experience speed spikes and zig zag tracking issues. Before we asked users to turn the 'set clock automatically' setting to off in the iPhone settings (iPhone→Settings→set clock automatically→off) to eliminate this issue. With RunKeeper 2.2, this issue has been resolved and you no longer need to the turn the 'set clock automatically' setting off.
Optional 15 Second Countdown
With the RunKeeper Pro 2.2 update we have added an optional setting for a 15 second countdown before an activity starts. Turning this setting on will give you a 15 second countdown to get your gear ready before RunKeeper will start the activity. Many of you have asked for this so we hope you like it.
Version 18.104.22.168
Fixed issue around audio slowness, made improvements to battery life, and a few other small improvements.
Version 22.214.171.124
Heart Rate Updates
We have added the ability to manually enter your average heart rate for each activity from the app.
• For GPS tracked activities, after the activity has been saved, click on the options button and select the 'Average Heart Rate' button.
• For manually entered activities, simply enter in the average heart rate when entering your activity info.
• On the Web we have also added the ability to upload hrm formatted files from select Polar heart rate monitors.
• We're also working on additional heart rate features for RunKeeper.
Activity History Updates
• Activity distance and duration are once again listed in the activity history list.
• Activity splits will now be available not just during the activity, but after the activity as well in the activity history (swipe the screen left).
• In the individual activity history, you now once again have the ability to click on the bar charts to get the speed for each minute of the activity.
Audio Cue Updates
• In Settings, we have added a slider that controls in-app volume for all audio prompts and training cues (separate from the iPod volume).
• Audio ducking: When playing an iPod playlist, music will lower to hear audio prompts and training cues, and then return to normal volume once the audio prompts are finished.
Training Updates
• Training splits now keep the pace of each split for completed intervals.
• Activity splits will be available not just during an activity, but afterwards in the activity history as well (swipe the screen left).
Manual Entry Updates
• We have added "gym equipment" (treadmill, stationary bike, elliptical) for manually entered activities.
•Manually entered activities will now allow you to edit calories burned for each activity.
•Elliptical is now an activity type.
Other Updates
•We have put back the "other" activity type.
•The app will now remember your last start screen settings.
Version 220.127.116.11.25
Various bug fixes


text:
Portland, ORUSA 97218
September 25, 2012
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Hi, my name's Mark, an average, decent, single guy looking to make new friends and mingle with fellow singles.
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Pie Bear Model
Kayla DaSilvaModel Female Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
Mayhem # 115642
About Me
Hey, Thanks for checking my profile! I'm still sort of getting back into the modelling scene but I'm loving every second of it! I've been told that I'm very professional, photogenic and a delight to work with. I also see myself as a perfectionist. I see what I've done and I only want to get better.
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Pie Bear Model
Trevor Alan Yee Photographer
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text:
Channel scanning for wireless networks, such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), generally provides a wireless station with the information on the available WLAN resources, such as the frequency band and the maximum transmission power. The present invention provides safe and fast domain-aware channel scanning, enabling a wireless station to comply with applicable local regulations, in spite of the possibility of domain changes, with short channel-scanning time. Fast channel scanning is accomplished by active channel scanning if valid domain information is available and there is no possibility of domain change. Also, domain-independent channels, if any, are first scanned using active scan to get domain information faster.
1. A telecommunication system comprising:
a network;
a wireless station comprising:
a receiver for receiving a data block, wherein said data block comprises a domain change pre-alert field;
a controller coupled to said receiver, said controller selecting a channel scanning method based upon data in said domain change pre-alert field, said data in said domain change pre-alert field being based on geographic information of the access point; and
a transmitter coupled to said controller; and
an access point providing said data block to said wireless station.
2. The telecommunication system of
3. The telecommunication system of
4. The telecommunication system of
5. A telecommunication system comprising:
a network; and
a wireless station comprising:
a receiver for receiving a data block, wherein said data block comprises a lifetime field based upon a maximum handover time;
a controller coupled to said receiver, said controller selecting a channel scanning method based upon data in said lifetime field, said channel scanning method being selected from among active and passive scanning methods; and
a transmitter coupled to said controller; and an access point providing said data block to said wireless station.
6. The telecommunication system of
7. The telecommunication system of
8. The telecommunication system of
This application claims benefit of Provisional Application Nos. 60/438,864, filed Jan. 9, 2003, and 60/492,689, filed Aug. 5, 2003. The present application incorporates the disclosure of these provisional applications by reference. The present application is also a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/733,927 filed on Dec. 10, 2003, incorporated herein by reference
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to wireless stations and networks, and more particularly to a method of scanning channels in a wireless network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Regulatory domains, such as individual nations, independently determine the frequency band and the maximum transmission power allowed for wireless communication systems. The conditions established by each regulatory domain may vary significantly even for the same wireless communication system. For example, while the 4.9-5.0 gigahertz (GHz) band is allowed for IEEE802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) in Japan, the 4.94-4.99 GHz band is reserved for public safety band in the United States, and thus cannot be used for IEEE802.11a. Similarly, the 5.470-5.725 GHz band, which is planned to be used for IEEE802.11a WLAN in Europe, overlaps with a military band in the United States.
In contrast to an access point which is stationary and can be well controlled by the regulation of the corresponding domain, wireless stations may move through different domains around the world, and thus will be under different regulations depending on the domain. If an IEEE802.11a station of Japan or Europe is moved to the United States, for example, it should be able to get the correct information on the frequency band and the maximum transmission power permitted in the United States, enabling the wireless station to adapt itself to be in compliance with the regulations of the United States.
Generally, wireless stations use channel scanning to get such information as the frequency band and the maximum transmission power. Channel scanning can be classified into two categories: passive channel scanning and active channel scanning. A wireless station can passively scan channels by just receiving a beacon frame of each channel. As shown for example in
However, if a beacon is not received for the scanned channel within a certain time limit after a wireless station starts to listen for a beacon, then the channel is determined by the wireless station to be unavailable for one of two reasons. One reason is that the channel is outside of the legal frequency band of the residing domain. The other is that there are currently no access points using the channel even though the channel is within the legal frequency band.
By listening to all channels that are used in the WLAN, a wireless station can collect all the information on channels that are currently supported by access points and within the legal frequency band of the residing domain. Since passive channel scanning is performed using only the receiving capabilities of wireless stations, there is no risk of violating the regulation of any domain. In this aspect, passive channel scanning is suitable for safe domain-aware channel scanning. However, passive channel scanning is disadvantageous because it may take a long time, which can be as much as a beacon interval of the corresponding access point. For IEEE802.11a, the beacon interval is usually set on the order of 100 msec. As a result, passive channel scanning may not be appropriate for channel scanning as, for example, in a handover where fast channel scanning is particularly important.
In contrast, active channel scanning involves the generation of probe frames and the subsequent processing of received probe response frames for each channel.
Assume, on the other hand, that a probe response frame is not received for the scanned channel within a certain time limit from the transmission of a probe frame, which is very short compared to the time limit in passive channel scanning. Then, the channel is determined by the wireless station to be unavailable. But, as in the passive scan, there can be two different reasons. One reason is that the channel is outside of the legal frequency band of the residing domain. The other is that there are currently no access points using the channel even though the channel is within the legal frequency band. By transmitting probe frames on all channels that are used in the WLAN system, a wireless station can collect all the information on channels that are currently supported by access points and within the legal frequency band of the residing domain.
The difference between an active scan and a passive scan is that an active scan actively provokes access points to transmit the probe response, while a passive scan waits passively for the beacon to be transmitted by access points. As a result, an active scan shows quite different characteristics from those of a passive scan. Since an active scan involves actual transmission of a probe frame, it may violate the regulations of the residing domain. For example, the channel to which the probe frame was transmitted may not be within the legal frequency band, or the transmission power of the probe frame may exceed the regulated maximum transmission power. In this sense, active channel scanning is inappropriate for safe domain-aware channel scanning. The main great advantage of active channel scanning, however, is that it usually takes less time than passive channel scanning does. This is mainly because, while the beacon interval is relatively large, the probe frame and probe response frame can be sent in shorter time. Active channel scanning, therefore, is desirable fast channel scanning such as in a handover situation.
However, neither passive channel scanning nor active channel scanning can be used for both safe and fast domain-aware channel scanning. Although the passive channel scanning is advantageous in terms of safely observing network regulations, such as maximum transmission power, it is slow, making smooth handover difficult. Active channel scanning, although fast, cannot be used in safe domain-aware channel scanning, since it may violate the regulations of the residing domain.
To improve the situation, IEEE 802.11d proposes transmitting the country code and the regulatory information, as shown in
According to IEEE 802.11d, when a wireless station has lost a connection with an access point, it shall passively scan to learn at least one valid channel, i.e. a channel upon which it detects IEEE 802.11 frames. Once the wireless station has acquired the information so that it is able to meet the transmit requirements of the regulatory domain, it shall transmit a probe request to an access point to gain the additional regulatory domain information contained in the probe response frame, unless the information was previously received in a beacon frame. The wireless station then has sufficient information available for operation in the regulatory domain.
While guaranteeing safety by using passive scan whenever a wireless station has lost connection with its access point and also reducing scanning time by using active scan after the regulatory information becomes available, IEEE 802.11d has a number of disadvantages. For example, scanning time for wireless stations staying within a domain is still long. In order to avoid possible regulation violations due to domain changes, IEEE 802.11d uses passive scan until valid domain information is obtained. However, the scanning time of a passive scan in the beginning is still significant for a wireless station that moves around but stays within a domain. Although the scanning time for IEEE 802.11d is better on the average than in the all-passive scan case, the worst case performance of IEEE 802.11d may be similar to the all-passive scan case.
Suppose a wireless station is connected to an access point of a WLAN system having N channels via Channel 1. After the wireless station has lost a connection with the access point, it tries to find a new channel. Assuming that Channel N is the only channel available around the station and that the channel scanning happens to be in increasing order of channel number, then the scanning time would be as much as (N−1) times as long as the beacon interval, which is the same as in the case of all-passive scan. Considering the number of wireless stations staying within a regulatory domain, which would be much larger than the stations crossing the regulatory domain boundary, the scanning speed cannot be sacrificed for the domain-aware roaming capability.
Further, IEEE 802.11d does not consider domain-independent channels. Some channels of a WLAN may be common to several neighboring domains or even for all participating domains. Therefore, there is no danger of violating regulations in transmitting a probe request frame on this kind of domain-independent channel. Accordingly, the domain independent channels can be actively scanned without waiting for domain information. IEEE 802.11d, however, does not consider domain independent channels, and passively scans domain-independent channels.
Therefore, a safe and fast domain-aware channel scan method and system are needed. The channel scanning method must preferably provide a fast scanning speed for the wireless stations staying within a regulatory domain. The channel scanning method must also enable wireless stations crossing the domain boundary to observe the regulation of the new domain.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved wireless station and a method and system of scanning channels in a wireless communication network.
It is an object of the present invention to enable any wireless station that moves across a domain boundary to comply with the changed regulation of the new domain. The scanning speed of the wireless stations staying within a domain is also preferably maximized. According to one aspect of the present invention, a pre-alert field is provided in a data block.
Because of the mobility of a wireless station, it is very difficult for a wireless station to predict whether upcoming access points are in the same domain. On the other hand, the access points themselves are stationary and thus may have better information on the domain of nearby areas. Based on the estimation, access points may include in their frames to wireless stations, such as beacon frames and probe response frames, a Pre-alert field indicating that there would be a possibility of domain change after wireless stations have lost a connection with the access point. There would be a possibility of domain change when wireless stations attempt channel scanning.
When a wireless station has lost a connection with its access point, it determines the channel scanning method based on the Pre-alert field in the domain information of the previous access point, provided that the information is valid. If there is a possibility of domain change, a wireless station should be careful in using active scanning. It may have to use only the passive scanning throughout the channel scanning. If there is no possibility of domain change, on the other hand, a wireless station may be able to use active scanning using the domain information of the previous access point.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a lifetime field is provided in the domain information of access points. When a wireless station loses connection with its access point, it determines whether the domain information provided by this access point is still valid based on the lifetime field.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, domain-independent-channel-first (DICF) active scanning is used in the event that certain channels are known to be domain independent.
The Pre-alert field is preferably established under following guidelines. There must be no possibility of domain change if Pre-alert field is not set. This is necessary in order to ensure there is no regulation violation in the changed domain. Because an erroneous unsetting of the Pre-alert field results in the active scanning from the beginning of channel scan, there is a high possibility of violating the regulation of the changed domain. Erroneous setting of the Pre-alert field is allowed, but should be minimized to enable fast scanning. Unlike erroneous unsetting of Pre-alert field, erroneous setting does not endanger safe scanning (i.e. it still avoids violating a domain regulation). However, since it degrades the scanning speed of the wireless stations by prohibiting active scanning, erroneous unsetting should be minimized as much as possible.
As should be apparent, an access point should make a tradeoff between the effort for accurate Pre-alert field control and the channel scanning speed of a wireless station within its coverage area. In one extreme of the tradeoff, the Pre-alert field of all access points of a domain can be set without paying any attention to accuracy. Since this approach prohibits the use of active scanning until the capture of valid domain information, the wireless stations suffer from the slow channel scanning speed. In the other extreme of the tradeoff, the Pre-alert field is set only at the access points when, within or in the vicinity of their coverage areas, there is possibility of domain change. This maximizes the number of access points using active scanning, but much effort must be paid to accurate estimation.
Although both the Lifetime field and the Pre-alert field are provided in the domain information and used by the wireless station in the embodiments shown in
Turning now to
In particular, the area where the Pre-alert field is to be set by the access points is the domain edge, and the other area is the domain core. It should be noted that the wireless stations in the domain edge do not have to be sensitive to the Lifetime field. Since the Pre-alert field is set in the domain edge, the domain information is not used in channel scanning regardless of the value of the Lifetime field.
Turning now to
To prevent such a scenario, the Lifetime field must be controlled according to the following guidelines. It must provide safe scanning by ensuring that there is no possibility of domain change if the Lifetime field is not expired. That is, the Lifetime value must be smaller than the time for a wireless station to traverse the domain edge and arrive at the domain boundary. The shortest distance from the domain boundary to the edge of the coverage area of an access point is denoted by "L". The maximum speed of the wireless stations is denoted by "S". Accordingly, the Lifetime should be set to be equal to or smaller than L/S. However, it is allowable for the Lifetime value to be smaller than needed, but it should be as large as possible to maximize the use of the domain information, and therefore enable fast scanning. Based on the above safe scanning criteria, the Lifetime should be set to be L/S.
Accordingly, for access points, it is necessary to consider a tradeoff between achieving accurate Lifetime field control and the channel scanning speed of wireless stations within its coverage area. In one extreme of the tradeoff, the Lifetime field of an access point can be set to be 0 without any concern for accuracy. Since this prohibits the use of domain information whenever connectivity has been lost, the wireless stations coming out of the domain suffer from slow channel scanning speed. In the other extreme of the tradeoff, the Lifetime field is set to be L/S. This maximizes the number of wireless stations using active channel scanning, but requires significant effort to get such information as L and S. As a practical solution, fast scanning is more important in the handover than in the start-up. Therefore, if the maximum handover time for a WLAN system is known to be less than L/S, one can avoid effort to get the information on L and S by using the maximum handover time for the Lifetime.
Even when the Pre-alert field is set, the use of active scanning can be increased by introducing domain-independent-channel-first (DICF) active scanning. DICF takes advantage of the domain-independent channels between neighboring domains or for all participating domains. For example, the 5.15-5.25 GHz band capable of 4 channels is allowed for IEEE802.11a in Japan, Europe, and the United States. There is some possibility that this band will be universally available for all participating domains. Furthermore, if neighboring domains are considered, more domain-independent channels might be able to be found. Such identification of domain-independent channels is significant because they can be actively scanned without any danger of regulation violations. The information on domain-independent channels can be preferably included in the beacon frame and the probe response frame and can be sent to the wireless stations. The information on domain independent channels can also be included in any frame transmitted by an access point, and those frames including the information can be transmitted either autonomously by the access point or in response to implicit or explicit transmission requests by wireless stations. As shown in
Appropriate values are written into the First Channel Number, Number of Channels, and Maximum Transmit Power Level fields for the domain-independent channels. The Lifetime field after these fields is for the domain-independent channels. It should be noted that the Lifetime of the domain-independent information is not necessarily the same as the Lifetime of the domain information. For example, if there are domain-independent channels for all domains, they can be sent in the beacon frame and the probe response frame with infinite or very long Lifetime value, while the Lifetime of the domain information itself is set to be relatively short.
Accordingly, a safe and fast channel scanning method for infrastructure WLAN is described. A Pre-alert field is preferably used to inform the wireless stations about the possibility of a domain change. The channel scanning speed in the domain core are significantly improved because the passive scanning can be avoided by unsetting the Pre-alert field. The use of stale domain information, which is a common cause of the regulation violation, is prohibited either by the expiration of Lifetime field or by the setting of Pre-alert field. In addition, by actively scanning the domain-independent channels, scanning speed is further improved without violating regulations.
In the embodiments described above, the access points determine the possibility of domain change and inform the wireless stations accordingly. Skilled artisans would appreciate that, in the pre-alert field, the access points can alternatively provide information related to a domain change, e.g. the coverage area information, the geographical information, or the proximity information, and let the wireless stations to decide the possibility of domain change.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are numerous alternatives and equivalents to the disclosed invention. As a result, the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing embodiments, but only by the following claims.
Patent Citations
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Exams, Openings, Promotions
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PRLog - Aug. 4, 2014 - MIAMI -- The Motivational Edge will present its second annual Student Showcase of Arts Excellence on Friday, August 8th from 5PM – 10PM. This event is free and open to the public to see the achievements of these students. This year's event will be taking place at The Stage in Midtown Miami, located at 170 NE 38th St. Miami, FL 33137. The bold and spirited students will be showcasing original music pieces; including spoken word, rapping, singing, etc. These extremely talented boys and girls from Miami-Dade's inner-city have been working tirelessly to hone and polish their performances and art pieces. Many of the presenting students come from our Lyrical Expression and Audio Recording Recording classes, which is available to them because of a generous grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation; all taking place at our newly renamed Irie Foundation Allapattah Music and Literacy Center.
The Motivational Edge Student Showcase at The Stage
Distinguished local artists and celebrities will be present and performing at this crowning event which is being offered with support of the Miami-Dade Department of Cultural Affairs, the Cultural Affairs Council, the Mayor, and the Miami-Dade County Board of County Commissioners.
Witness live mural paintings by The Motivational Edge's Teaching Artists and win fantastic raffle items that further highlight this artistically inspired evening! Guests will be provided with complimentary KIND Snacks and will learn about their STRONG and KIND Campaign, and have access to the VIBE 305 Food Truck.
Some of the raffle items include:
Metal Edge hand crafted metal art
Music Instrument classes and student inspired artwork
Event DJ for your next party/event
Lil Wayne autographed memorabilia
Miami Marlins Tickets
Cocktail Party for you and 20 of your friends at Blue Martini in Brickell
Gift cards to local restaurants and shops
About The Motivational Edge
The Motivational Edge is a 501(c)(3) organization that utilizes culturally relevant arts as a motivational platform to inspire youth towards academic achievement, increased self-confidence, self-esteem and the building of essential life skills. More information visit: www.TheMotivationalEdge.org.
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Orange Is The New Instagram
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Work it, girl.
Mariah Carey, her boobs and her new beau James Packer, aka the fourth richest man in Australia, took their love to Ibiza, Spain where they gallivanted on a yacht with her kids.
Bad Girl RiRi? More like Braless RiRi.


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I am a fifth grade student at Harlan Intermediate School in Harlan, Iowa.
My class is studying the geography and history of the United States. I think that I am the luckiest person in my class to have gotten Virginia.
My favorite part about Virginia is that it was one of the first 13 colonies.
I would really appreciate it if you could send me some souvenirs, books or any more information about your state Virginia.
My teacher, Mrs. Newlin, would like a car license plate for a school project if possible.
I appreciate your time. Thank you.
My name is Matthew and I am 12 years old. I want to tell you about Snow Hill Baptist Church AWANA program.
At Snow Hill we have the AWANA program for children ages 2-18. Before we start, we eat for 10 minutes. After that we have game time for 30 minutes. Then we study and learn God's word.
We earn AWANA dollars for Bible verses that we memorize and say. We can spend these AWANA dollars for things in the AWANA store.
When neighbors help neighbors in emergencies, it's something to celebrate. That is why every U.S. president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has declared March as Red Cross Month.
The Wood's River Chapter of Red Cross has served this community so long and so well that it is easy to overlook the fact that its services are performed largely by volunteers and are supported through the generosity of people right here in Galax, Grayson, Carroll and Wythe.
I've discussed the questions raised by Mike Goldwasser and the response (or lack of) from the Carroll County Board of Supervisors over dinner with my family, over the phone with friends, even debated it at the grocery store.
Every conversation has ended with, I'm ashamed to say, something like, "pass the salt" or "oh, well."
I would like to personally thank each player, spectator, referee, scorekeeper, PTO volunteer and all who made donations in support during the Grayson Highlands School PTO basketball tournament.
Your support made the tournament a success.
We are off to a good start in being able to provide our children with the much-needed playground and baseball field.
We still have a long way to go, so please look for future fundraising events by the PTO so that we can provide for our children. Your support is much needed and greatly appreciated.
I would like to let people know the advantages of being a Boy Scout.
I am a 14 year old boy and this is what Boy Scouts has done for me.
Since joining the Boy Scouts a year ago I have had the chance to meet a lot of people, young and old, that I would never have gotten a chance to meet any other way.
I have also learned a lot of skills and hobbies since joining the Boy Scouts. I have overcome my fear of public speaking and water. I have bettered my morals. I have also learned to work with people.
The Carroll Board of Supervisors seems to think that the question about the county administrator's potential conflict of interest with his investment in land near Wildwood has been put to rest.
The chairman has stated that their collective conclusion is that there is no evidence of conflict of interest and that the board stands unconditionally behind Mr Larrowe.
It is not clear that this conclusion is justified. It is based on a review by the county attorney, a person who relies on the board for employment.
In response to the editor's note on Christmas tree waste burning: the real issue is "waste burning of chemical compounds creating toxic dioxin" causing health damages.
The Environmental Protection Agency confirmed in the 1970s that dioxin is a cancer hazard and serious health threat. Its science advisory board published a nine-volume report. In 1986 it proposed controls on dioxin emissions. EPA Chief William Reily reported increases in cancers to people exposed to dioxin, 82 percent above the norm.
We would like to respond to Mark Burnett's announcement as a candidate for Grayson County sheriff. We would like to clarify some statements that have been made against Sheriff Richard Vaughan.
Concerning Mr. Burnett's open door policy, Mr. Vaughan's door is always open and he does return calls. If you go there and he is not there, it is because he is out working on cases, and not just sitting behind a desk waiting on things to come to him.
This letter was addressed to Del. Mark Cole (R-Spotsylvania) and was copied to The Gazette. The author described himself under his signature as "convicted felon and former Carroll County administrator."
I read with sadness your opposition to Senate Joint Resolution 284, to allow an opportunity to amend the Virginia Constitution to allow automatic restoration of civil rights to nonviolent felons once they complete their sentences.
Being a nonviolent felon, I know firsthand the disgrace and prejudice associated with a felony conviction.
Copyright © 2015
The Galax Gazette is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Galax, Grayson, Carroll, and surrounding areas.


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Future of the Funchise, 1 Jun 2012
Posted 1 Jun 2012
May 31, 2012
please post in Ass section.......we need more of this. :D
That ass needs its own zip code... holy poo.
That's the booty of the fortnight, at least.
Posted 2 Jun 2012
June 1, 2012
This one is for Ivan Awesome. My homie XD
June 2nd 2012... Today's my Birthday =)
Bonus round XD
Happy Birthday to Me :)
happy birthday man!
and great thread.. lol
June 1, 2012
This one is for Ivan Awesome. My homie XD
June 1, 2012
That's my girl!
Happy birthday broski.
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