text:
- List all football matches scheduled in ASTRO Sport channels
- Set a reminder of the matches to your Google calendar
- Enables you to set your favourite teams and all the matches will be synchronize based on your favourite teams.
- Share, Vote, Like and Comment features for each matches
This application has been tested works on HTC Sensation, Samsung Galaxy S2 and Samsung Galaxy Ace. It should also works on other android devices as well.
Note :
- Please use "Enable Time Preference" wisely, otherwise you will not see any schedule in the listing.
If your match schedule is empty every time you do synchronization, kindly check if you have set "Time Preference"
because when "Time Preference" is set, "Bola Reminder" will only check match schedule based on your preferred time set in the setting (Default : Start Time = 8am, End Time = 11:59pm)
- For better schedule matching, if you want to set any team in "My Favourite", kindly DO NOT use short form such as "man city" or "man utd". Please use proper/full team name such as "Manchester City" or "Manchester United"
** Match schedule listing is subject to change.
Keyword : Bolasepak, football, soccer, malaysia, astro, reminder, schedule, jadual, sepakbola, sport channel
What's New
Bola Sepak Liga Malaysia
- Liga Super
- Liga Premier
- Liga FAM
- Piala Presiden
- Piala Belia
- Piala FA
- Piala Malaysia
- Carta Kedudukan
- Penjaring gol
Skuad Malaysia
- Harimau Malaya
- Harimau Muda
Jadual Liga Super 2015
# Felda United
# Johor DT
# Kelantan
# Lions XII
# Pahang
# Perak
# Sarawak
# Selangor
# Sime Darby
# Terengganu
Football Live Scores
more than 1000 leagues, 10.000 teams and 100.000 players from countries all over the world.
Super fast push notifications to never miss a goal!
Interested in more background? Tons of statistics, videos and images from your favorite players/teams
All functionality is completely free.
- Schedules/fixtures overviews per country/league
- Live tables during soccer matches
- Topscores
- Live football statistics (ball possession, shots on goal etc)
- Player information + video's
- Team information + video's
- Substitutions
- Match voting
- Match videos
- Commenting and chats
- ....and many more
You are missing something? Tell us and we will build it for you within a week!
Goal Live Scores
• Real Time scores, faster than anyone else.
• Live MatchCast Animation
• Super-fast push notifications
• Live Events
• Action from over 750 Leagues and Competitions
• Form and Head to Head for every match.
• In play Match Stats thousands of games.
• Predict the result
• League tables and form
• Fixtures and results
• Favorite teams & Leagues
• Track individual games with a single tap in MyScores
• Link directly to the match page from your notifications.
Jadual Bola
1. Keputusan Perlawanan.
2. Jadual Perlawanan.
3. Kedudukan Liga.
Keputusan perlawanan dikemaskini secara LIVE!
(Keputusan dikemaskini setiap 3 minit)
Stadium Astro
- Video match highlights, pre and post-game interviews from the Barclays Premier League
- TV schedule and channel listings in Malaysian time
- Videos, news, statistics and standings for the top European football leagues tournaments and more
- Local sports content (news, video and features)
It is advisable to use Android version 4.0 and above to use the application.
ScoreCenter: LIVE SCORE
ScoreCenter LIVE lets you stay up-to-date with sports matches anytime, anywhere. From the most popular sports such as the soccer, baseball and basketball, to football, ice hockey, and even formula 1. Don't miss out on ScoreCenter LIVE, the "all-in-one sports app" that supports over nine sports and more than 100 tournaments and leagues.
1. Everything you want to know about a match!
ScoreCenter will let you in on the ins and outs of sports matches.
Detailed sports information provided by ScoreCenter includes basic information such as scoring players, ball occupancy rate, shots, to more advanced information like player selection/replacement and formations. A "box score" function lets you check team and player records in real-time in sports matches. For the fans that couldn't make it to the stadium, ScoreCenter is the next best thing, and for those at the stadium, it will make the experience all the more exciting.
2. It's all about team spirit!
Games are always so much more fun with some company! You'll never watch a game alone when you're connected with ScoreCenter. Use the "Support Your Team" function to view match predictions and share information. Find other fans and support your team together! Try the "Match Prediction" function.
3. Get notifications on game news!
No need to check again and again for that final score. ScoreCenter's notification function creates a summary of important game schedules, news, and outcome, and alerts you as soon as new information becomes available.
4. Get social media feeds!
Now you don't have to log into Twitter or Facebook to see sports new feeds. ScoreCenter's social media channel lets you view Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube news feeds on your favorite teams all in one place.
5. Over 100 sports and leagues
The major sports that "ScoreCenter LIVE" support are as shown below.
: Soccer, Baseball, Basketball, Volleyball, Football, Ice Hockey, Tennis, Golf, Formula-1
New additions will be made in the future. If there is a sport or league you'd like to see added to ScoreCenter, send an e-mail to our customer service center.
Forza Soccer
Key features include:
Live scores:
• Set alerts for your favorite teams, and follow matches you're interested in
• Receive detailed customized push notifications per team or per match – for goals and cards
• Pre-match line-ups with formations and player photos
• Incredibly quick, accurate updates compared to other soccer apps
Opinion polls:
• Share your opinions about your team and see they match up with other fans
• Answer poll questions about the squad, the manager and the chairman
• Get your voice heard around the world
• Be part of a collective movement to change the way soccer fans are listened to
We're really proud of our apps and we hope you'll love them as much as we do. If you have any feedback to share with us, please contact us.
Read Phone State:
We use this permission to check your location. This makes it possible for us to deliver a more customized app experience based on where you're located.
Write External Storage:
This permission is used when you share images or text from the app, because the data needs to be saved to the phone's local storage before it's shared.
Football Live Scores
Football live scores app with live fooball scores and results for the Champions league, Liga and Serie A.
Added football full league and top scorers for the Premier, Liga, Serie A, Ligue 1, Bundesliga, Eredivisie, Portuguese SuperLiga and Irish Premier L.
Added push notifications! Do you wish to receive push notifications for a match? You will receive a notification when either team score during the match!
Soccer scores:
Added live football/soccer scores for the USA Major League Soccer, Japan League 1 and League 2, Korean K-League, China Super League, Russia Premier Liga, South Africa Premier Soccer League, Singapore S-League, Poland Ekstraklasa, Slovenia 1. Liga.
Football live scores:
The app shows the scorers of each match, yellow cards, red cards, penalties and so forth.
The app automatically saves the countries you are more interested in and orders them following your choices. The app is completely free.
The live football/soccer scores are updated live 24/7
Jadwal Bola
Dilengkapi dengan Berita Sepak Bola Terkini
Live scores directly from the source, the 1st live score service on the Internet, powered by LiveScore.com since 1998.
This application comes directly from LiveScore Ltd., the leaders and inventors of real-time delivery of live sport data and owners of the no.1 ranked football / soccer web site globally.
- Live football / soccer scores from leagues, cup competitions and championships worldwide
- More than 1000 live football / soccer games followed live every week during the season
- Detailed match information
- Live tennis, basketball, ice hockey & cricket scores
- Live league tables for football, hockey and basketball
- Select your own refresh period
- User friendly
- Time & Date localized
- Very fast and responsive even on slow connection
- Minimal data transfers
- Bandwidth friendly with our data compression
- Lightweight
- Free
Android OS 2.0.1 (or higher) required.
FourFourTwo Malaysia/Singapore
– Completely re-designed with interactive features
– Video interviews with players
– Amazing high resolution pictures
Jadwal Bola Live
*Aplikasi Mudah digunakan dan Simple
* Jadwal Bola Hari Ini update Terbaru Setiap Hari
* Info Hasil Pertandingan Bola Terbaru Update tiap selesai Pertandingan
* Info Klasemen Liga Inggris Terbaru
* Info Klasemen Liga Spanyol Terbaru
* Info Klasemen Liga Italia Terbaru
* Info Klasemen Liga Perancis Terbaru
* Info Klasemen Liga ISL Terbaru
* Informasi Jadwal Bola berupa Klup yang sedang tanding, Tanggal, Jam dan Nama Stasiun TV yang akan menayangkan.
* Info akan selalu kami Update
kami tunggu masukan dan saranya kirim ke email@example.com untuk pengembangan fitur atau jika terjadi ketidakakuratan data.
Football Fixtures
Supporting fixtures and live results
This application will not let you miss any important football game (soccer) match. The main target is to show you the matches times to organize your time accordingly.
If you are a fan of Football / Soccer / kora / kooora or whatever name for the most popular sport in the world, then you must have this application.
World Cup Brazil 2014 World Cup Brasil 2014
World Cup 2014
You can select your favorite leagues OR teams to view separately. Also you can Long Click on a specific match to add it as a favorite match
You can add a widget to show you your next favorite match.
You can allow notifications on your favorite matches.
You can see your favorite matches only or all matches, also you can view matches sorted by time or grouped by tournament.
Currently the supported Championships are those in
England: English Premier League,English League Cup, English Championship League and FA Cup
Spain: La Liga, and Copa Del Ray
Italy: Serie A, and Italian Cup
Germany: Bundesliga, and German Cup
France: Ligue1 and French Cup
Netherlands: Eredivisie and Cup
Portugal: Liga and Cup
Scotland: League and Cup
Brasil: Brazilian League "Brasileiro Série A"and Cup, Paulista, Carioca, Gaucho
Argentina: Argentinian League Clausura and Argentinian Cup
Turkey:Turkish League "Süper Lig" and Turkish Cup
(United States of America) USA & Canada : MLS Major league Soccer MLS Soccer
Mexico : Apertura
Egypt: Egyptian League and Cup
KSA: Saudi League and Cup
Iraq: Iraqi League and Cup
Morocco: Morocco League and Cup
Europe UEFA Champions: Euro, UEFA Champions League & Europa League
Africa: African Nation Cup, African Champions League, Africa Confederation Cup
Asia: Asia Nation Cup, Asia Champions League, Asia Confederation Cup
America: Concaf, Copa America, Copa Libertadores, Concaf Champions League
Arab Gulf Cup "Khaliji"
International Matches either friendly or officially
World Cup Qualifiers, World Cup, FIFA Club World Cup, FIFA Confedrations Cup
You can make view only for your favorite teams such as Barcelona, Real Madrid, Manchester United, Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Tottenham, Milan, Inter, Juventus, Roma, Bayern Munich, Dortmund, Ahly, Zamalek, Ismaily, Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Beşiktaş, Al-Nasr, Al-Hilal, Sao Paolo, Internacional, Vasco Da Gama, Corinthians, Santos, Flamengo, River Plate, Paris Saint German PSG, Olympique de Marseille, Monaco, Olympique Lyonnais, D.C. United, Chicago Fire, Seattle Sounders, FC Dallas, Los Angeles Galaxy, Toronto FC, New York Red Bulls, Kansas, Dallas, Ajax, PSV, Feyenoord, Porto, Benfica, Sporting Lisbon, Celtic, Aberdeen, Raja, FAS, Wydad or any club from the supported championships.
Also you can add your favorite national team such as Brazil, Spain, Argentina, Netherlands, Germany, England, France or whatever team you like.
Your feedback is very important to include in next releases.
You can communicate with us by sending email or on our facebook page http://www.facebook.com/Elsayadappsmobile
Premier League Away Days
Away Days helps make your visit cheaper and easier to plan.
There are special money-off discounts for travelling fans, and a host of other offers all redeemable directly from the app.
You will find detailed guides for all 20 stadia, with hints and tips on where to eat and drink on a matchday, plus places to stay and park in the local area.
The app has detailed advice to help plan your journey to the stadium, right down to the location of away gates for when you get there.
Matchday updates will keep you right up to speed on important travel alerts. You can also keep in touch with all the latest on-pitch action, including teamsheets and scores.
- Fixture and ticket information for all away matches, in one place.
- All Barclays Premier League clubs and stadia covered
- The best routes to the stadium, however you plan to travel
- Recommended away fans pubs, bars, restaurants, cafes, car parks, ATMs and hotels
- Tailored offers that recognise and reward travelling fans
Download the official Premier League app now, and start planning for your next away day.
More from developer
MY-Traffic is a community traffic monitoring for Malaysian. It has features :
- Graphical way to view road incidents data extracted from PLUS and LLMTraffic
- LIVE traffic cam from PLUS and LLM (Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia)
- Statistics Reports (Accident, Roadblock & Speed Traps statistics)
- User can contribute their traffic incidents and this incident will automatically alerted other traffic users.
- Each incidents contributed will be rated "Helpful" or "Not Helpful" by other users to make sure it's a reliable
- User with most rated reliable incident will be appeared in "Top Contributor" hall of fame.
Keyword : trafik, traffic jam, jalan, malaysia, google map, traffic map, traffic congestion,kuala lumpur,traffic cam, live camera, kl traffic cam,plus traffic, llmtrafik
Promo background image is used with owner permission http://sergey1984.deviantart.com/
Movie Reminder - Malaysia
For example, if you are big fan of Tom Hanks and you are not sure what or when movies related to Tom Hanks will be aired on ASTRO or local cinema, then Movie Reminder is the perfect application for you.
Today tab : Shows all today's movie schedule
Favourite tab : Shows only matched movie schedule based on "My Favourite" list
Cinema tab : Shows only matched cinema schedule based on "My Favourite" list
"Like" and "Comment" features (Touch on movie poster to show these features)
Note : You will not see any movie schedule listing until you have set your favourite actor or movie title.
Bola Reminder - Indonesia
- List all football matches scheduled in SCTV, RCTI, TVOne, ANTV, GlobalTV, MNCTV channels
- Set a reminder of the matches to your Google calendar
- Enables you to set your favourite teams and all the matches will be synchronize based on your favourite teams.
- Share, Vote, Like and Comment features for each matches
This application has been tested works on HTC Sensation, Samsung Galaxy S2 and Samsung Galaxy Ace. It should also works on other android devices as well.
Note :
- Please use "Enable Time Preference" wisely, otherwise you will not see any schedule in the listing.
If your match schedule is empty every time you do synchronization, kindly check if you have set "Time Preference"
because when "Time Preference" is set, "Bola Reminder" will only check match schedule based on your preferred time set in the setting (Default : Start Time = 8am, End Time = 11:59pm)
- For better schedule matching, if you want to set any team in "My Favourite", kindly DO NOT use short form such as "man city" or "man utd". Please use proper/full team name such as "Manchester City" or "Manchester United"
** Match schedule listing is subject to change.
Keyword : jadwal bola, sepakbola,SCTV, RCTI, TVOne, ANTV, GlobalTV, MNCTV


text:
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Sunday, 08 Aug 2010 11:35 AM
The U.S. government's point man overseeing BP's response to the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico gives the company high marks for its engineering response, but low marks in dealing with people.
Speaking Sunday on CNN's "State of the Union," retired Coast Guard Adm. Thad Allen says he isn't sure any oil company could have done more to cap the spill once it happened.
But Allen says BP was too big of a company to immediately deal with the problems the spill caused individuals along the coast.
Crews are getting ready to resume drilling on a relief well to seal the leak permanently.
Last week, BP hinted it might not use the relief well. But Allen told CBS' "Face the Nation" he spoke directly to incoming CEO Bob Dudley and told him that it must be used.
© Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Friday, 04 Jan 2013 13:06 PM
Tens of thousands of Fatah supporters rallied in the Hamas stronghold of Gaza on Friday for the first time since they we . . .
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Smith Skippers All Whites to Draw
Wednesday, 14th Nov 2012 13:43
Blues defender Tommy Smith skippered New Zealand to a 1-1 friendly draw with China in Shanghai earlier this afternoon.
Zhao Peng put the home side ahead before Chris Wood, who is currently on loan at Millwall from West Brom, equalised for the All Whites just before half-time.
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So, How Have They Done? by GeorgeITFC24
It's been roughly 12 months now since last year's summer signings have been at the club. There have been some great moments from our new players, and equally a few lows! But how well have they done in their debut seasons?
Who's Next Between the Sticks (Or Be Careful What You Wish For)? by MedwayTractor
Having read so many recent comments about our perceived goalkeeping problem, I have put my own thoughts together on this subject.
Norwich Promotion: A Good Thing Or A Bad Thing? by calumberjack
Now I know what you're thinking but hear me out. Celebrating the promotion of our greatest rivals seems spineless and cowardly, especially as they were the ones that dumped us out of the play-offs, but as I sat watching the second spectacular goal scored by that **** Nathan Redmond, I couldn't help but ask myself whether this was really such a bad thing.
Gerken Vs Bialkowski by GeorgeITFC24
Looking back on the season our two goalkeepers shared the starting spot this campaign. Dean Gerken spent almost every match of the 2013/14 in the Town goal as the undisputed number one.
Goals From Midfield by rickw
Looking back on this season and most of us would admit Ipswich reached or exceeded our expectations, but after coming so close to success we are now all hungry for more - and for Ipswich to take that next step and challenge for automatic promotion.
Ipswich Town Polls
[ Vote here ]
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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Mechanisms underlying antipsychotic cardiometabolic adverse effects are incompletely understood. This hampers the identification of high-risk patients, low-risk antipsychotics and preventive/ameliorative treatments. Recent clinical, molecular, and genetic data suggest that i) antipsychotic-naïve samples provide the greatest power for mechanistic studies; ii) weight and metabolic effects can be discordant, pointing to overlapping and distinct mechanisms; iii) antipsychotics affect satiety and energy homeostasis signaling; iv) the specific peptides mediating these effects are unknown but likely overlap with those involved in idiopathic obesity; and v) single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding known neurotransmitter receptors and metabolic proteins are promising pharmacogenomic targets for countering adverse affects. However, sophisticated molecular studies and genome-wide association studies, ideally in antipsychotic-naïve/first episode samples, are needed to further advance the field.
Overweight and obesity have become a pandemic [1]. Patients with severe mental disorders are at even higher risk than the general population for obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and related morbidity and mortality [2,3]. In addition to medical consequences, obesity in the mentally ill can cause treatment nonadherence and decreased quality of life [4].
Although antipsychotic drugs are the cornerstone of treatment for many psychiatric disorders, these medications are significantly associated with weight gain, the development of obesity, and the accrual of cardiovascular risk factors [2–4]. These adverse effects of these medications are important factors in the reduced quality of life and premature death from cardiovascular disorders in patients with severe mental illnesses compared to the general population [3]. Moreover, treatments to prevent or ameliorate cardiometabolic side effects are scarce, only modestly more effective than placebo, and do not restore pretreatment body weight [5].
Despite an increasing awareness of the clinical significance of antipsychotic-induced weight gain [3–6], recent data suggest that the magnitude of this side effect has been consistently underestimated by studies in chronically-treated adult populations. Such studies typically reveal an acute (≤12-week) body mass index (BMI) increase of less one unit (kg/m2) for risperidone, one of the most commonly prescribed antipsychotics (Table 1 and Figure 1a). Conversely, the weight gain associated with early/first exposure to antipsychotics is far greater. The recently reported Comparison of Atypicals for First Episode (CAFE) trial in adults with first episode schizophrenia [8] (Figure 1a), demonstrated a nearly 1.5 kg/m2 BMI increase after 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone, approximately three-times greater than in the first phase of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trial [7]. The CATIE trial is currently the largest randomized, double blind trial comparing four second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone, Table 1) with a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA, perphenazine, Table 1) in 1493 patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Moreover, studies of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in pediatric patients demonstrate consistently greater effect sizes than adult studies given similar methodologies (Figure 1a). Drug-naïve patients gain significantly more weight than patients exposed to antipsychotics in the past [11]. For example, drug-naïve pediatric patients were at far greater risk for risperidone–induced weight gain than pediatric patients as well as adult patients with substantial prior antipsychotic exposure [11, Figure 1a]. These data are taken from a recent study [11] reporting on the weight and metabolic effects of antipsychotics in a cohort of 272 antipsychotic drug-naïve (≤1 week prior treatment) pediatric patients beginning initial treatment with one of four SGAs (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone, Table 1). The drug-induced weight gain was dramatic; patients gained significant weight on each of the SGAs with an overall mean weight gain of >10 pounds after only 12 weeks of treatment. The amount of weight gain was similar across the age range (adjusted for height), and was not affected by pubertal status, ethnicity or gender of the subjects. As shown in Figure 1a, the weight gain of risperidone was more than four-times greater than in the CATIE report that included pretreated adults.
In addition to weight gain and obesity, antipsychotics can also disturb glucose and lipid metabolism [3,4, 7–11]. Metabolic abnormalities seems to be both mediated indirectly via weight gain, but also, at least with some antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine and olanzapine, Table 1), via direct molecular effects that do not require weight gain or that can even attenuate the effect of weight gain (e.g., aripiprazole, Table 1) [11].
Antipsychotic-induced cardiometabolic adverse effects have become a major issue in the treatment with SGAs. This is heightened by the fact that the broadened indications of SGAs (Table 1) have increased their use. The initially polarized view that cardiometabolic risks were associated with SGAs, but not FGAs has given way to the realization that both classes have heterogeneous cardiometabolic liabilities [3–5].
Despite the increased focus on cardiometabolic effects of antipsychotics, several questions require further clarification: i) What is the relative contribution of antipsychotic treatment, psychiatric illness, patient characteristics, and unhealthy lifestyle to the increased rates of obesity and cardiovascular morbidity in the severely mentally ill?; ii) are all (or most) antipsychotics associated with clinically relevant weight gain and/or glucose and lipid abnormalities?; iii) what are the mechanisms that link antipsychotics and cardiometabolic risk?; iv) what risk factors and mechanisms are modifiable and how can they best be targeted?; and v) what are the best approaches to answer these questions? In the following sections, we will address these questions.
In general terms, antipsychotic-related weight gain and obesity result from a medication-induced or -aggravated imbalance between energy intake (type, amount and frequency of ingested calories) and energy expenditure (type, amount and frequency of activity/exercise) [12]. To date, data have been inconclusive whether antipsychotics increase weight via increased appetite and food intake, decreased activity or decreased metabolism. Owing to the importance of energy homeostasis, multiple and redundant pathways regulate behavior and metabolic processes related to food intake, satiety, resting metabolic rate, energy expenditure and, ultimately body weight [13]. Furthermore, in mentally ill patients receiving antipsychotics, illness effects, such as disorganization, agitation, apathy, anhedonia, depression, etc., and pharmacodynamic medication effects, including increased appetite, muscle stiffness, sedation, hypersomnia, etc., can add to these already complex interactions.
Moreover, despite the clinically significant weight gain observed in many studies with documented variability between specific antipsychotics (Table 1), there is consistent inter-individual variation even within treatment with the same antipsychotics. In the aforementioned, 12-week study of antipsychotic-naïve youth [11], for example, there were wide ranges of weight change, despite the fact that dosage ranges were relatively restricted and adherence to medication was monitored by plasma drug levels and parental interviews. For example, risperidone was associated with a mean weight gain of 5.3 kg in just 3 months, yet categorical weight gain outcomes varied considerably with some patients losing weight, whereas others gained 21% or more of baseline weight after 12 weeks of treatment (Figure 1b). The same heterogeneity was found for the other studied antipsychotics (i.e., aripiprazole olanzapine, and quetiapine, Table 1), albeit at different levels of severity [11].
This heterogeneity of the antipsychotic-induced weight gain results from poorly understood drug-gene-environment interactions, which result in a net change in the balance between peptides and hormones regulating food intake and energy homeostasis via orexigenic (anabolic) and anorexigenic (catabolic) processes [13]. Figure 2 summarizes moderators and mediators of antipsychotic-related weight gain. Moderators include patient demographics, treatment setting, illness characteristics, past and baseline antipsychotic and comedication treatments, and baseline diet, activity, and body composition. Mediators include antipsychotic dose, comedications, medication side effects and changes in diet and activity during antipsychotic exposure. Taken together, these factors interact and contribute to the observed antipsychotic-induced weight gain to varying degrees via incompletely understood mechanisms and pathways [12–14].
Several moderators and mediators for weight gain during antipsychotic treatment have been reported, including patient factors (age, BMI, gender, etc.) illness-related factors (treatment naïve, extent of symptom reduction, etc.), and treatment variables (duration, dose and drug type) [4,14]. Moderator variables that have been replicated include young age and first episode illness status; these effects are likely related to minimal prior antipsychotic exposure and weight gain, rather than to developmental factors, as lower age per se does not correlate with weight gain in youth [11]. Although measures of antipsychotic intake, such as long treatment duration and strict medication adherence, consistently correlate with the degree of weight gain [4,14], dose-response relationship results have been mixed, with some studies finding a significant mediating effect of higher antipsychotic doses on weight gain, while others did not [16]. However, recent evidence in humans suggests a potential antipsychotic dose relationship with weight gain and metabolic abnormalities [11,15,16]. These data are supported by a six-month, fixed dose study of long-acting injectable olanzapine, which assured full adherence; in this context, a clear dose response curve was observed [17]. Although associations with improvement in psychotic, depressive and manic symptoms have been observed [14], this relationship might be a secondary effect of greater treatment adherence and prolonged study participation in drug responders as compared to nonresponders [4].
Low baseline BMI and normal weight status (i.e., BMI< 25) have been frequently associated with greater antipsychotic-induced weight gain, but this might reflect regression to the mean [18] and not an underlying biological risk factor. In addition, a predisposition to overeating and lack of cognitive restraint [20] regarding food intake and appetite suppression might be coextensive with other mechanisms governing weight regulation more generally. Polypharmacotherapy has also been associated with greater weight gain than monotherapy [21,22]. However, this relationship is complicated by the range of medications that comprised polypharmacy, and interactions with illness severity, comorbidities and comedications, which might lead to weight gain.
Several moderating and mediating variables have been identified that modify antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic effects (Figure 2). However, available results are inconclusive, mostly due to methodological shortcomings, including small sample sizes; usually extensive prior antipsychotic treatment with unknown cardiometabolic effects; restricted number of assessed mediating and moderating variables; lack of antipsychotic blood levels; uncertain adherence levels, and the incomplete translation from animal models to human data.
Although diet and exercise both moderate (as a baseline factor) and mediate (after change in response to treatment) antipsychotic-related weight gain (Figure 2) and they are amenable to direct study in humans, few clinical trials have comprehensively measured these components. It appears that patients exposed to most antipsychotics have greater appetites and eat more but the composition of their food is not necessarily altered on medication [14]. In addition to increased appetite, delayed or dampened satiety signaling has also been observed [14] and proposed as a mechanism for weight gain. However, owing to conflicting results, it remains unclear to what extent changes in energy resting metabolic rate or energy expenditure affect weight gain, whether these changes differ by drug, and whether these effects are mediated by sedation or extrapyramidal symptoms, such as parkinsonian side effects [23,24]. Some evidence from animal models addresses these questions. However, the data base is still slim and a comprehensive assessment of putative behavioral mechanisms concurrent with neurohormonal and neurotransmitter effects reviewed below is missing.
Appetite, food intake and satiety signaling moderate and mediate antipsychotic-induced weight gain (Figure 2). Studies on animal models have produced important data regarding putative mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain [14], although results vary across species, strains, handling and housing conditions, and drug administration techniques. Results from animal studies have also been partly inconsistent with human clinical experience; examples of incongruence include the lack of weight gain of rats and mice with clozapine or in male rats with olanzapine, and weight loss of rats at high doses of antipsychotic drugs. The fact that relevant data in rodents did not match human data likely results from antipsychotic side effects in animals, such as sedation, and muscle stiffness that decrease activity and modify metabolism, thereby interacting with the antipsychotic effects on food intake, satiety and metabolism, especially in short-term trials [14].
Studies in humans have consistently shown that SGAs, especially those with strongest weight gain liabilities, increase levels of circulating leptin [25,26], a peptide hormone that regulates appetite and is produced by subcutaneous adipocytes. However, leptin increases that should decrease food intake occurred concurrent with weight gain, indicating that leptin increases are a consequence of rather than a cause of antipsychotic-induced weight gain, although the development of relative or absolute leptin resistance has also been reported [25]. Weight gain has been consistently associated with an increase in inflammatory markers [3,4,14], which are produced by both adipocytes and macrophages. Reports regarding the appetite-stimulating hormone, ghrelin have been mixed, likely resulting from the heterogeneity of patient populations, treatment types, and counterregulatory changes in appetite regulating peptides and hormones occurring in response to the antipsychotic-related weight gain. A careful review of the literature suggests that fasting morning ghrelin levels decrease early in the course of antipsychotic treatment and then increase after chronic exposure [26].
In addition to leptin and ghrelin, a host of peptides, hormones and receptors that have been associated with food intake and energy homeostasis are potentially involved in antipsychotic-induced weight gain [27,28]. Importantly, however, and in contrast to findings in rats [14], antipsychotics have not been demonstrated to bind receptors in the hypothalamus traditionally associated with weight regulation in humans. For example, binding of radiolabeled olanzapine or clozapine was not detected across 14 different hypothalamic receptors, including those with orexigenic (e.g. neuropeptide Y1 receptor), anorexigenic (e.g. neurotensin receptor 1), or fluid homeostatic (e.g. endothelin receptor) properties [29].
Because appetite and food intake increase with antipsychotics, antipsychotic effects on peptides and hormones involved in food intake and energy homeostasis have been suspected [14,27]. However, studies have been inconclusive, suffering from similar shortcomings as those focusing on moderators and mediators reviewed above. Additional factors include the selection of a limited number of examined peptides and hormones, lack of tight control of confounding variables, and reliance on peripheral markers that may or may not be a good proxy for levels of potentially etiologically important factors in the central nervous system or in peripheral tissues, such as intestine or liver.
Strong binding (antagonism or partial agonism) at dopamine D2 receptors is the only mechanism common to all currently-approved antipsychotics and is (so far) a necessary component for antipsychotic efficacy [30]. However, the antipsychotics as a class are diverse in their targets, interacting with distinct receptor subtypes including the serotonin receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, histamine receptors, and noradrenaline receptors with varying degrees of affinity [31]. Consequently, much of the literature on antipsychotic-induced weight gain has compared neurotransmitter receptor profiles and the relative burden of each compound. In evaluating this literature, it is important to consider the probability that multiple, synergistic pharmacodynamic effects and interactions might produce weight gain phenotypes. Some of these effects could be common to many or all antipsychotics, whereas others could be specific to those with particular receptor affinities.
Despite the ubiquitous role of dopamine receptor blockade in antipsychotic action, this mechanism has been relatively understudied as a causal factor of weight gain. To some extent, this might derive from historical accident: prior to the reintroduction of clozapine and the subsequent development of SGAs, which were thought to be distinct from FGAs because they interact with nondopamine receptors, antipsychotic-induced weight gain was not a major focus. However, weight gain is a feature of virtually all antipsychotics, including conventional antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol) [32,33] that do not have the complex pharmacology of clozapine and olanzapine. A recent European study of first-episode patients with limited or no prior exposure to antipsychotics demonstrated clinically significant (≥7%) weight gain at the end of 12 months in more than half of subjects treated with haloperidol, and in 63% of patients treated with amisulpride (Table 1), which interacts exclusively with dopamine D2/D3 receptors [33]. Indeed, clinical studies in both first-episode and chronically treated patients have been notable for the relative similarities in mean weight gain observed across multiple SGAs (including risperidone and quetiapine) and FGAs [6,11,32,33,34]. This consistency, despite differences in the severity of weight gain [6,11,18], points to a potential common underlying mechanism, with D2 blockade as the most likely common factor.
Recent evidence supports a robust relationship between D2 activity and feeding behavior. For example, D2 agonists inhibit food intake in rodents [14], whereas risperidone and other antipsychotics increase food intake and core body temperature, while reducing locomotor activity in mice [14]. Moreover, food restriction increases D2 receptor levels in rodents [35], whereas obesity associates with lower D2 levels in the nucleus accumbens in humans [36]. A direct effect of leptin on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which expresses the leptin receptor, has recently been established from two independent laboratories [37,38]. Direct administration of leptin to the VTA resulted in the activation of the intracellular JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway, reduced firing rate of VTA dopamine neurons compared to baseline or saline and decreased food intake compared to baseline [37]. Conversely, leptin-deficient mice showed reduced neuronal and behavioral (locomotor) responsivity to amphetamine compared to mice that had intact leptin signaling [38]. Taken together, these data suggest that D2 blockade might impact energy metabolism through alterations in reward signaling and decreased psychomotor activity.
Several lines of evidence have implicated the histamine system in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Histamine neurons are located in the posterior hypothalamus, project to many regions of the brain, and produce effects via several receptor subtypes, including the H1 receptor [39]. H1 receptor knockout animals demonstrate increased food intake, changes in feeding patterns, and obesity compared to wild-type controls [40]. Moreover, H1 receptor agonists might suppress food intake, whereas hypothalamic HI receptor antagonism increases food intake [41].
With respect to antipsychotics, Kim et al. [42] reported that SGAs activate hypothalamic AMP-kinase in mice, with clozapine and olanzapine having the greatest effects. Knockout of the H1 receptor, however, blocked these effects, suggesting that H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase could be critical in mediating antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Moreover, the affinity of antipsychotics for the H1 receptor correlated with the degree of weight gain associated with each drug. Similarly, Kroeze et al. [43] evaluated the binding of 17 FGAs and SGAs to multiple neurotransmitter receptors, including histamine H1, 5-HT2C (5-hydroxytryptamine-2C) and dopamine D2, and found that binding to the histamine H1 receptor best predicted the reported weight gain liabilities of the antipsychotics in clinical studies.
Serotonin has been suggested to play a major role in regulating feeding behavior and satiety signaling. Serotonergic neurons project onto anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus, working in concert with leptin signaling to decrease food intake [44]. Because pharmacologic agonists of 5-HT2C decrease feeding in animals [14], it is logical to conclude that 5-HT2C antagonists, including most SGAs and low potency FGAs such as chlorpromazine [31], might increase food intake by impairing satiety. Several studies have demonstrated that rats treated with SGAs have increased food intake compared to untreated controls [14], and that olanzapine-induced weight gain can be abolished by the use of a pair-feeding paradigm, in which diet is yoked to the intake of a control animal [45]. Moreover, analysis of feeding patterns demonstrated increased meal size and duration rather than meal frequency in olanzapine-treated animals, suggesting delayed onset of satiety rather than decreased satiety signaling per se [14,45]. These results are consistent with the clinical observation that both clozapine and olanzapine can induce food craving and binge eating in human patients [46].
Notably, the two SGAs associated with the greatest weight gain, clozapine and olanzapine, are inverse agonists at 5-HT2C. The significance of this was demonstrated in a recent study by Kirk et al. [47], in which rats were exposed to a compound (SB 243213) that is a selective inverse agonist at the 5-HT2C receptor. After five days, this agent produced significant weight gain compared to vehicle but less than that observed in olanzapine-treated animals. However, in combination with a potent dopamine D2-antagonist (haloperidol), the SB 243213 treated animals demonstrated a much larger weight gain, which was comparable to the effects of olanzapine. These results were not observed when mepyramine, a selective histamine H1 antagonist, was substituted. These data suggest that the histamine activity of olanzapine is neither necessary nor sufficient to produce weight gain, underscoring further the complex interactions underlying antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
Taken together, the available preclinical and human data indicate that no single one neurotransmitter system is responsible for antipsychotic-related weight gain. While rodent and indirect human evidence links the weight gain potential of antipsychotics to histamine H1 blockade [39–43], studies also implement other neurotransmitter systems [14,35–38,44–46]. These results are further supported by evidence of an interaction between histamine H1 and dopamine D2 blockade [47], genetic data [5,15,27,48–55], and by the fact that antipsychotics without relevant antihistaminergic activity, such as aripiprazole, amisulpride and haloperidol (Table 1), have clearly documented weight gain potential, especially in antipsychotic-naive and first episode patients [11,32,33]. Nonantihistaminergic candidates include dopamine D2 blockade [14,35–38], 5HT 2C blockade [44–47], and interactions with central or peripheral hormones and peptides involved in energy homeostasis [14,25–29].
The role of dopamine and serotonin modulation in antipsychotic-induced weight gain is further supported by pharmacogenetic data in humans [15,27,48–52]. In addition, genetic data have pointed towards a role of alpha-adrenergic transmission, G Protein, Leptin and leptin receptor activity, Promelanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH) and the cannabinoid receptor activity in antipsychotic-induced weight gain [5,48–50,53–55] (Table 3).
Surprisingly, dopamine-related genetic variation has not been widely studied with respect to the weight gain phenotype. Recently, however, two studies have implicated the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in antipsychotic weight gain [15,51]. In one of these studies, a significant relationship was observed between a functional promoter polymorphism (DRD2 -141C Ins/Del), which affects transcription levels of the dopamine D2 receptor, and antipsychotic weight gain [15]. Enhancing the power of this study, more than 75% of patients were antipsychotic-naïve, and all were first episode schizophrenia patients randomized to risperidone (n=32) or olanzapine (n=26). DRD2 Del carriers (i.e. individuals without any nucleotide at that position; n=29) were compared to Ins/Ins homozygotes (noncarriers, n=29) in a mixed model encompassing ten measurements over 16 weeks. DRD2 Del carriers gained substantially more weight compared to noncarriers after 6+ weeks of treatment, regardless of medication assignment. Mean weight gain in Del carriers at 6 weeks was ~six pounds greater than in noncarriers. At 16 weeks, genotype accounted for 15 pounds differential in weight gain. These data further support the notion that dopamine D2 blockade might be related to both antipsychotic effects and weight gain.
Perhaps the best studied genetic factor in antipsychotic–induced weight gain relates to the serotonin receptor, specifically at the promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 759T/C in the HTR2C gene. Initial findings of a significant interaction between antipsychotic-related weight gain and the 759T/C polymorphism in the HTR2C gene were obtained in antipsychotic-naïve Chinese patients, enhancing the power for the analyses. However, these findings have been replicated in several independent schizophrenia patient samples and across varying antipsychotic agents [52]. In a recent meta-analysis of eight studies, most of which were conducted with chronically ill patients, a greater than two-fold increase in risk for clinically significant (≥7%) weight gain was associated with the C allele at this SNP [52]. Since then, two large population-cohort studies have demonstrated that the C allele at this SNP is related to obesity in healthy individuals [56,57], indicating that acute antipsychotic administration might accelerate or accentuate behavioral and metabolic tendencies that could otherwise emerge.
Several pharmacogenetic studies have also tested the role of genes implicated in nonpsychiatric weight-related phenotypes. For example, the GNB3 gene encodes a subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), which integrates signals between receptors and effector proteins. The C825T SNP in the GNB3 gene has been associated with essential hypertension and obesity, which is also associated with a high-activity splice variant of the GNB3 gene. In a recent meta-analysis including five studies, the T allele of the C825T SNP was modestly (but significantly) associated with increased antipsychotic-induced weight gain [54].
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide strong evidence for several genes, including FTO, MC4R and TMEM18, important in obesity and obesity-related phenotypes [58]. GWAS have the advantage of drawing on extremely large sample sizes (n>10,000) from the general population and examining >95% of the genome, so they provide fertile ground for developing testable hypotheses on the mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Only one GWAS has been published on antipsychotic-associated weight gain and related phenotypes [59]. Despite the heterogeneity of treatment conditions and patient history in this sample, several promising new leads for genes involved in the cardiometabolic adverse effect of antipsychotics were reported. This included genome-wide-significant results for a polymorphism in MEIS2 for the increase in waist- and hip-circumference, a clinical proxy measure for intra-abdominal adiposity, in risperidone-treated patients. Intriguingly, this gene is involved in pancreatic development and function, providing a possible link between intra-abdominal adiposity and the development of diabetes [60]. Future GWAS in antipsychotic-naïve cohorts are needed to increase the power, which is necessary for signal detection and further hypothesis generation, as the testing of such a large numbers of SNPs requires a very high statistical threshold for significance.
Antipsychotics, which are frequently used for psychotic and nonpsychotic conditions, are associated with substantially increased appetite and weight gain, as well as increased risk for obesity and metabolic abnormalities. Taken together, the available data suggest that cardiometabolic pathology and risk factors in mentally ill patients result from several interactive factors, including i) the patient's genetic background; ii) the underlying illness; iii) unhealthy lifestyle behaviors; and iv) psychotropic medication effects.
Despite the importance of weight gain, obesity and metabolic abnormalities, the mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic adverse effect are still poorly characterized. This has interfered with the development of targeted and successful interventions for antipsychotic weight gain. In addition, because antipsychotics highly likely link to innate satiety, energy homeostasis and metabolic pathways, the lack of a detailed mechanistic understanding of antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic effects has also hampered a further unraveling of the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of idiopathic obesity. However, recent data support the view that antipsychotics affect key mechanisms that regulate appetite, satiety and energy homeostasis and involve hypothalamic serotonin 5HT2C, histamine H1 and cannabinoid receptors, dopamine and alpha-adrenergic transmission, as well as central and/or peripheral orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones and peptides and/or their receptors. Nevertheless, despite this body of work, many basic questions remain unresolved and should be addressed in future studies (Box 1).
However, notwithstanding these unresolved questions, the potential for significant antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic effects has been established [3]; this risk differs across both FGAs and SGAs [3,6–11,32–34,61–63], and patients as well as behavioral factors are relevant [3–5]. Based on these findings, clinicians should: i) select antipsychotics with the least cardiometabolic liability whenever possible [3]; ii) council patients about, strongly encourage and proactively monitor healthy diet and exercise behaviors [4]; iii) monitor all patients treated with antipsychotics for the presence and emergence of cardiometabolic risk factors or disorders [3]; iv) be vigilant about the possibility of metabolic abnormalities in the absence of relevant weight gain or obesity; v) consider behavioral and pharmacologic interventions to mitigate antipsychotic cardiometabolic effects [4]; and vi) collaborate as part of an integrated care model with medical health care providers when cardiometabolic disorders emerge that require more complex medical interventions [3].
Future research is needed that takes advantage of the enhanced power obtained by studying antipsychotic-naïve individuals for proximal/early cardiometabolic effects. Likewise, for the study of distal/late effects, such as diabetes and cardiovascular events, sample enrichment strategies for the outcome under investigation should be used [64]. Although this strategy runs counter to the general procedures of excluding severely ill and metabolically compromised patients, focusing on such samples allows the focused and accelerated study of mechanisms of and risk factors for effects that take years to emerge. Furthermore, in addition to mechanistic proof of concept studies in highly selected samples, large pharmacoepidemiologic studies in generalizable samples are needed that have sufficient power to differentiate between different agents and to control for relevant confounding variables, such as prior treatment history, degree of weight gain, comedications, lifestyle, illness type and phase, comorbidities, cotreatments, etc.
Moreover, given the lack of conclusive evidence that current genetic candidates are actual susceptibility polymorphisms for antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic side effects, next generation, exploratory genomic approaches should be pursued. These hypothesis-generating studies will need to be followed by second-step hypothesis-testing of significant findings in enriched and in generalizable replication samples. Additionally, studies that go beyond the traditional weight gain approach need to be pursued. This includes the investigation of mechanisms involved in the reversal of antipsychotic-induced weight gain, focusing on peptide and hormonal changes as well as genetic factors affecting the variance in the observed weight loss after antipsychotic treatment discontinuation, after the switch to a lower risk medication, or after adding a weight loss intervention.
Finally, any novel leads from the study of antipsychotic-related cardiometabolic adverse effects should be translated into the field of idiopathic obesity research and vice versa. For example, medications tested in the idiopathic obesity field should prompt investigations of these agents in patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment [5]. Testing such agents in patients with antipsychotic-related obesity as well as in those with idiopathic obesity followed in the same study could further elucidate shared and unique pathways involved in the maintenance or reductions of abnormally elevated body weight and lipid and glucose metabolism. Given the importance of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, in general, and given the prevalence of antipsychotic use, in particular, the current lack of any decisive knowledge about mechanisms and best preventive treatment options should prompt an increase in the study of this important side effect cluster.
This work is supported in part by The Zucker Hillside Hospital/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Advanced Center for Intervention and Services Research for the Study of Schizophrenia P30 MH 074543 and P30 MH090590 and Center for Intervention Development and Applied Research P50 MH080173, and by The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research NSLIJHS General Clinical Research Center, Grant #M01 RR018535 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The article's content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR, NIH or NIMH.
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Offering chic rooms with free use of an iPad, Petit Palace Lealtad Plaza is within 200 metres of the Prado Museum and El Retiro Park. It features a 24-hour reception, a restaurant and free Wi-Fi. Each spacious, stylish room at Petit Palace Lealtad Plaza has contemporary décor with subtle gold, black or lilac finishes. All rooms have an iPod docking station and flat-screen TV, air conditioning and a minibar. Bathrooms have a hydromassage shower. The modern El Foro Restaurant serves a buffet breakfast and a range of Mediterranean cuisine in room service. Gluten-free food is available on request. The famous Reina Sofía and Thyssen-Bornemisza museums are within 15 minutes' walk of the hotel, while Puerta del Sol is just over 1 km away. The nearest Metro Station, Banco de España, is 650 metres away. Atocha Railway Station and the high-speed AVE train can be reached in less than 20 minutes by foot.
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The staff was completely accommodating, friendly, and speedy. The room design was very cool: exposed brick, bunk beds, ultra modern shower, and very quiet. Beds and blankets very cozy, crib already set up when we arrived including baby bedding. Tons of offerings for breakfast including fresh fruit which is difficult to find many times. Walked to everywhere, great part of the city, do not need a car. They held our luggage for us as we museum hopped and when our travel plans on to Seville be.
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The hotel is right around the corner from the Naval Museum and the Prado. The free wifi and friendly staff were big pluses, as was the breakfast buffet, which would have seemed expensive if I'd had to pay for it, but it was included in my room price. Also, because I was working at night, I took advantage of the very reasonably priced room service. This wasn't a neighborhood with a lot of restaurants, so I appreciated not having to walk a long way for dinner. The hotel is immaculate. Excellent h.
The location is unbeatable. 1/2 a block from the Ritz hotel and 1/2 a block from Retiro Park. That means that it is located right next to all the Museums, Paseo de la Castellana and Gran Via. the street is so calm you dont have any noise at night so you get a perfect night rest after walking around Madrid. The breakfast included in the room rate is fantastic! I highly recommend this hotel. :).
Very good location close to old Madrid the Retiro park and the main museums. Hotel is in very good state as it has been recently designed in contemporary style. It is located in a quiet place. Some rooms overlook courtyard. Good value for money with a good breakfast included. Less choice than other hotels but high quality ingredients. Four stars are deserved.
Excellent hotel in a perfect location very close to Retiro and major museums but within easy walking distance of the restaurants, bars and shops in the centre of Madrid. The staff were helpful, the design of the hotel is lovely and the breakfasts were very good (although a little expensive at 11 euros per person). Would definitely stay there again.
The location next to the Prado museum and on a quiet street is absolutely perfect. We stayed in the family room and it was very good. Note that top bunk bed has no rail. The breakfast was the best anywhere with a vast selection of hot and cold foods. Modern decor. We loved it.
We spent a night in this chic hotel on our way to US from Barcelona. It is a completely refurbished and updated facility located in a quite neighborhood but at walking distance from Parque del Retiro. I wish we had more time to spend there. Really liked the shower.
The location is perfect for exploring the city. The neighborhood is very safe. It is close to all the museums. The staff was very friendly and helpful. Breakfast was very good. Room comfortable and bathroom fine with a great shower. Free wi-fi.
Great location. It was recommended by local friends and the area is compared and described as the Champs-Elysees in Madrid. Very closed to the park Retiro and good for afterdinner walk/ride a boat. The breakfast is nice and with many offerings.
Clean, quiet & excellent breakfast. Large park across the road with many features. Hotel option to use their free bikes to tour Madrid. (Note roads are busy, it is the capital). 15-20 mins from airport by taxi (approx 35 Euro).
very nice hotel, perfect place to stay. opposite thyssenh museum and few hundred meters rom el prado. very good breakfast and attentive stuff. definetely will stay again visiting madrid. bathrom perfect - large and modern.
Great location just a few steps from the Prado Museum and Parque del Retiro, great design, confortable rooms, good breakfast, very good internet connection. We strongly reccomend itnand will definitely come back.
Fantastic decor, convenient location in a very safe neighborhood (but not vibrant - it is mostly offices, deserted on the evenings and weekends) which is convenient to the park, museums, and the center city.
The location in central Madrid is excellent with easy access to all the sites.We were very impressed with the staff who were always friendly and very helpful. Room very comfortable and we enjoyed breakfast.
We had one room for 2 adults and 2 older children. Was very nice. Good location. Centre within walkingdistance. Area with restos closeby. Rooms very quiet . Good breakfast. Very helpfull staff.
Modern design of the room, you have everything you need. Friendly staff. Excellent location - next to the greatest museums in Madrid. Metro station not far from the hotel. Good breakfast.
The location was great, an easy walk to many must-see attractions. The staff was very helpful and kind. The breakfast was good and substantial. The room was cleaned thoroughly daily.
The staff was so attentive and took care of all of our needs. The location is perfect...on a quite street right by the entrance to the Retiro and by the Prado and Thyssen.
The Petit Palace hotels are always a very good choice! Modernized old buildings with very good comfort! This was not an exception! Superior room and a superb breakfast.
Rooms were an excellent size and stylish. Great massage shower. Brilliant location on a quiet tree lined avenue but minutes from the heart of Madrid.
Location was perfect for sight seeing with hopon hop off bus nearby. Young French chap on reception was so helpful, nothing was too much trouble.
Excellent location near main museums and near a park where you can rest after all day walking. Quiet location. Excellent design, tasty breakfast.
Room was quiet, staff were very helpful. The reservation was handled well. It is in a wonderful location to visit the attractions of Madrid.
I liked the location of the hotel. The breakfasts are good, very tasty pastries. You can use the Internet Wi-Fi. The staff is friendly.
Very modernly refurbished. Fantastic breakfast, very close to Retiro Park and all the Art Museums and very close to Airport bus stop.
Clean, modern room. Very comfortable, friendly staff, centrally located to major museums. Our stay was great! Would stay here again.
La situation dans Madrid qui permet de tout faire à pieds. Le petit-déjeuner, copieux et varié. Chambre propre et très bien refaite.
Loved the stylish decor. The staff were cool and efficient. Great location. Very clean. Amazing bathroom with fantastic shower.
Location, 2min from Prado AND from Retiro Park, in a quiet side street are indeed a great plus. Rooms are fine and spotless.
Very clean, very modern. Short walk to metro (5 minutes). Staff was very helpful with restaurant recommendations.
Great area to be in, room was spotless, floor plan excellent. A lot of privacy, good selection of breakfast items.
We like the way they convert an old palace to a modern haven. Keep up the clean white sheets and its cleanliness.
Rooms were very clean. Breakfast was excellent. Great WiFi support throughout the facility.
Actually I already filled out a paper review which I left at the front desk the day we left.
I liked everything! This hotel is very nice and modern! Super clean! Very nice location!.
The welcoming feel - very friendly front desk staff. Also liked the comfortable bed.
Top value for money! Great location! We are already looking forward to our next stay.
The spacious rooms, the location, the breakfast buffe. The service minded staff.
The hotel is in centre of Madrid, possible to visit museums and Royal Palace.
Nice comfortable luxurious hotel in downtown Madrid. Deserves its high rating.
qualitative breakfast, nice fronk desker, good location, calm, clean, wi fi,.
Generally, nice clean contemporary style and clean and comfortable.
Great location, excellent breakfast, comfortable room, quiet area.
The hotel, the room was excellent. It is really a design hotel..
Location, value for money, great room for 2 adult and two kids.
the staff were very helpful. the breAkfast was magnifiicent .
Great location, walking distance from all main attractions.
Location near the park, friendly staff, value for money.
The hotel is well located. Nice and confortable rooms.
Manager and all, staff were first class.in every way.
The mattress was very firm, too firm for my taste, and I had a hard time falling asleep.
We had a room on the ground floor without views which did have noise from the kitchen in the mornings preparing breakfast, but it has to be noted that we did get the room at a very good price.
Walls are quite thin and you can hear everything in the next room. The airconditioning/heating had been turned off and one night it was was quite warm and nothing could be done. The staff explained that in May it usually is not this warm.
Room is very small and lack of privacy between living room and bathroom.
No evening meal, only room service.
not very hot water in shower, but not a big problem.
Bed was a little bit too hard but it does not compromise confort. Suggest to install a mirror inside the room, i'm sure women will appreciate it.
Only 1 chair for 4 persons. Strange small and high desk in the room.
Coffee/tea for breakfast was a problem, especially when breakfast room fool. They should put a machine, so that people can serve themselves without waiting.
The bathroom door is clear glass. There is an opaque cover on a portion of it, but even traveling with family, we found this lack of privacy to be off-putting.
No full length mirror in the rooms. Bar and restaurant (incl. room service) was closed for the summer months (apart from breakfast) This was not mentioned on the booking page which was poor I felt for a four star property.
Double bed has two separate mattraces that move at night leaving a gap in the middle of a bed. To much security on the internet connection, so VPN connection is not possible.
The bathroom door was glass, clear at the bottom and semi-transparent above. Does not provide much privacy or soundproofing for that matter. This is a very bad feature! An extra chair would have been nice.
The floor is very creaking.
La surface de la chambre. Très petite.
Just a little thing in that there was no full length mirror - this could go on inside of wardrobe door.
Breakfast buffet location not at all suitable and sufficiently well organized when hotel is full, bread on Sunday was clearly not fresh. Needs improvement!.
The difficulties to go inside with a sulky/baby wagon. The first elevator was not good.
We were there in June before the central Air Conditioning system was turned on and with the windows opened, our room was very noisy at night which prevented us from sleeping well. One week later we returned to the same hotel and the ac was now on - with the windows closed, the place was perfect.
The breakfast. To much like a canteen, not in line with the look and feel of the rest of the hotel. And only filter coffee available. No cortados, no espressos etc! Shame, particularlyin spain!.
The room was small but comfortable.
The staff were not welcoming, we waited at the front desk very long during check-in..
There's a smell of cigar on some parts.
No Tea/coffee making facilities in rooms. You would expect this in a 4* hotel.
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Petit Palace Lealtad Room information
Room Type
Double or Twin Room
Room Information
Prices are per room.
This spacious, stylish room has contemporary décor with subtle gold, black or lilac finishes. There is free Wi-Fi, an iPod docking station, a flat-screen TV, air conditioning and a minibar. Bathrooms have a hydromassage bath or shower. Tablets are available upon request at reception.
Room Facilities:
Work Desk, Toilet, Telephone, Shower, Safety Deposit Box, Minibar, Heating, Hairdryer, Bathroom Amenities, Bathroom, Air Conditioning
Triple Room
Room Information
Prices are per room.
This spacious, stylish room has contemporary décor with subtle gold, black or lilac finishes. There is free Wi-Fi, an iPod docking station, a flat-screen TV, air conditioning and a minibar. The bathroom has a hydromassage shower. Tablets are available upon request at reception.
Room Facilities:
Work Desk, Toilet, Telephone, Shower, Safety Deposit Box, Minibar, Heating, Hairdryer, Bathroom Amenities, Bathroom, Air Conditioning
Quadruple Room
Room Information
Prices are per room.
This spacious, stylish room has contemporary décor with subtle gold, black or lilac finishes. There is free Wi-Fi, an iPod docking station, a flat-screen TV, air conditioning and a minibar. Bathrooms have a hydromassage bath or shower. Tablets are available upon request at reception.
Room Facilities:
Work Desk, Toilet, Telephone, Shower, Safety Deposit Box, Minibar, Heating, Hairdryer, Bathroom Amenities, Bathroom, Air Conditioning
Amenities at Petit Palace Lealtad
Shuttle Service (surcharge), Car Rental, Bikes Available (free), Bicycle Rental, Airport Shuttle (surcharge)
Wi-Fi/Wireless LAN, Internet Services, Free Wi-Fi Internet Access
VIP Room Facilities, Rooms/Facilities for Disabled Guests, Non-Smoking Rooms, Heating, Family Rooms, Elevator, All Public and Private spaces non-smoking, Airconditioning
WiFi everywhere, Pets Allowed, Parking
Front-desk/reception area services
Tour Desk, Ticket Service, Safety Deposit Box, Newspapers, Luggage Storage, Express Check-In/Check-Out, 24-Hour Front Desk
Food & Drink
Room Service
Entertainment and children services
Babysitting/Child Services
Cleaning services
Trouser Press, Shoe Shine, Laundry, Ironing Service, Dry Cleaning
Business facilities
Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Fax/Photocopying, Business Centre
Important information to guests
iPads are available upon request at reception. Please contact the hotel prior to your arrival if you require airport shuttle services.This services carries a surcharge.
Petit Palace Lealtad Policies
14:00 -
- 12:00
Accepted CreditCards at Hotel
The hotel reserves the right to preauthorise credit cards prior to arrival.
American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Diners Club, JCB, MasterCard, MasterCard
Terms and Conditions
We never charge your credit card when you make a reservation - you will pay for your stay at the hotel. Our reservation service is free of charge, without any administration fees. Cancellation is also free of charge unless it is clearly stated. We take the privacy of your personal data very seriously. All your personal data is encrypted and processed securely. More information can be found in our terms and conditions and privacy statement.
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Museo Thyssen - Bornemisza
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How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
I've removed screenshots.
libsafe issue
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
i'm not playing nv devs advocate but you're not very constructive here... I'm using 180.44 and kde 3.5.10 and everything works ok. Perhaps is your distribution packager's fault... Or you're using wrong drivers for your card... Or something else broke your kde (i can read something about a DCOP failure)...
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Looks unrelated to graphics to me...
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Yes it's not related to driver but with 177.82 KDE works and with any 180 starting from first beta it doesn't. There are no packages for "my distribution". Everything is self-compiled.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Correct, it seems to be a dcop related problem.
Make sure everything in your ~ belongs to the correct user, especially .ICEauthority and .DCOPserver_*, try running kdeinit from a terminal and check your .xsession-errors.
If you don't find anything suspicious, please try the following:
- run kde as a different user (not root)
- try to run KDE, create a nvidia bug report after it failing
- upload this bug report, along with your .xsession-errors and ls -al ~
As well: did you use distribution packed drivers up to the version it does not work? If so, maybe installing manually left your system in a broken state, as an example with mixed versions of openGL libraries and X drivers. Try to run a simple wm not depending on OpenGL and run any OpenGL Application (e.g. glxgears)
Please do not post ridiculously large screenshots directly for users with low bandwith, and large fonts usually mark content which is not worth reading.
Oh, and by the way, I confirm 180.51 working with KDE 3.5, and as this is gentoo, everything is self compiled as well.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Man what's the point in checking rights if I say "kdeinit, dcopserver and whole KDE works with 177.82"?
$ ldd /usr/bin/dcopserver | grep GL
I don't care if it's because of driver core or GL libraries installed by driver installer.
It's NVIDIA Linux not GENERAL LINUX.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Well, if you don't want help (I don't see any information I requested) you won't get help.
The fact that other people confirm that kde 3.5 is working with those drivers probably means that your problem is specific to your system/configuration. So not giving any details about it but just blaming nvidia (while it might be a pebcak or distribution problem as well) for the "good work" is not the best way to go.
And posting again in ridiculously large fonts won't help you either, my guess is that the thread will be removed instead of moved the next time.
You know what the good thing about community support is? It's not your problem whether the others problem gets solved or not.
So yeah, either you behave and let us help you, or you are stuck with your problem. Your system which doesn't work, not ours.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
The only problem is that NVIDIA code has so poor quality it cannot work along with libsafe. Disabling libsafe allows KDE to run. More info. I'm fed up with using software written by kids from sandbox. I will rather resign from NVIDIA than libsafe.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Good bye,
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
Yes I'm happy to have free choice!
I don't care what software is in current distributions and I don't know if libsafe was ever in any distribution. The point is that if software is well-made it works on all systems.
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
- interacts on a really low level
- seems not to be that configurable to me
- is simply not up to date. The last update is older than 5 years.
- Is deprecated on modern CPUs anyway
Regarding the problem with Libsafe:
I saw that you opened a thread with a more suited title, which is a good thing. However, I recommed you ask for moving it to the correct forum, and write a mail at the nvidia linux bugs mail address as well, including a nvidia bug report as described in the sticky.
Kind regards
Re: How 180.44 and 180.51 work with KDE 3.5
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The Westcott Rapid Box (20" Octa Mini) is a durable, complete All-in-One system that's perfect for on-location photography. It is compatible with virtually all shoe mounted flashes. Constructed of solid aluminum the Rapid Box is lightweight yet maintains durability. Travel easy with the umbrella style system that allows on-the-go photographers to quickly open and close the unit, while the shallow depth offers use in tight or small spaces. A silver reflector is sewn into the back of the diffusion panel to reduce the hot spot, providing even lighting output from edge to edge. Durable carry case with shoulder strap is included for simple transportation and storage.
Most Liked Positive Review
The quality of light that comes from this small package is amazing. I was using shoot-through and reflective umbrellas before, and even though they have thier place, I wanted something more directional. I am simply amazed at how fast you can set this up and start shooting.
Reviewed by 5 customers
Opens like an umbrella, quickly set up with speedlight for soft portraits on location. If the reflector is installed, the light quality is softer at the expense of reduced power. It is a bit heavier than I figured due to the metal support structure required for the umbrella but not bad.
When I first opened the box for the 20" rapid box octa, I was not expecting much because I own a couple of Westcott Apollo strip banks which I was not thrilled with. Wow was I surprised to see that this little unit was professional build quality certainly worthy of the Westcott name. All the materials are what I would expect in Westcott studio modifiers. Even the carry bag included with this modifier is excellent and thoughtfully matched in design and roominess! I tested the 20" rapid box several ways with and without the front diffusion panel by placing my Nikon SB600 flash on it with a Phottix Odin receiver and facing the box straight at a white wall, half of the walls height. This way I could see the light pattern as I made changes. With diffuser - The box emits the most even light with the maximum output with the wide angle flip panel down on the speed light. The pattern is very even and graduated from the center but very wide, I would say about 16mm to 20mm in width at the faint outer edges. Not using the flip diffuser on the speedlight but set at 24mm, slightly less light and not much reduction on the width but some, not a meaningfull difference compared to just turning down the power level with the flip diffuser in use. When you zoom the speed light to 35mm, the faint outer edges of the fall off start to get pulled in but I am not sure how much of that is an angle tightening and how much is from the slight fall off in overall power output seen on the wall. At a 50mm zoom on the speed light the center pattern is still completely even but with a still feathered quick fall off to a narrower center spot, but with a significant loss in light output. Zooming more than 50mm was just a waste of power output with no useful effect. Without diffuser - Similar results, use your speed light set as wide as possible on its zoom for the most uniform light pattern/spread. Summary - Overall this box performs best with either the wide angle diffuser panel out or your zoom set at the widest setting for maximum power output. If you zoom your speed light to tighten the width of the light emitted, 35mm will give a little narrowing with little light loss, but don't go past 50mm as the light loss is significant with no additional light pattern advantage over 50mm. However, because of the heavy duty umbrella wires and significant metal center block you will still see a noticeable shadow pattern with white wall tests. With no diffusion panel, zooming the speed light will just enhance the light interference of the umbrella wires and center block like a strange cucoloris pattern that just gets more pronounced with more speed light zoom. Personally, I am going to always use the diffusion panel for predictable & even light throw. Improvements - Not much... While I did review the optional deflector dish in another review here, what Westcott needs to add is a grid accessory for this line. Seems weird that they gave a decent quality grid to the (IMO) cheaper made Apollo line but no grid capability to this wonderful modifier. The only reason I am giving it 4 and not 5 stars is because of missing grid capability, other than that this modifier is outstanding! :)
The quality of light that comes from this small package is amazing. I was using shoot-through and reflective umbrellas before, and even though they have thier place, I wanted something more directional. I am simply amazed at how fast you can set this up and start shooting.
I use the rapid box on custom bracket with a little modified for my SB-910 flash.
I use this soft box for portraits & macro photography. Quick & easy to set up, comes with a case for travel. Took it on location for portrait shot & works great. I plan on buying addition rapid soft boxes. Love it