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7cm Wood Mezuzah in a Classic Design
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This 7 centimeter wood mezuzah features a classic, timeless design in dark brown wood. Read more
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This beautiful, sleek 7 centimeter brown mezuzah will be an amazing adornment to your threshold. Featuring a truly classic design of a single silver toned Shin set on a dark brown wood background, this mezuzah is the perfect gift for weddings, housewarmings and birthdays.
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Anyone who's worked at WCTV or been around here knows all about the Phipps family. There are pictures all over the walls of the founders of this t.v. station.
But not everyone was into television---some are into saving and helping animals and making a name for themselves in a different business of sorts.
Gerry and Tim Phipps have always been animal people. But five years ago, Gerry came up with an idea that she hoped would fix a major problem in Tallahassee. She created Be The Solution, a grassroots organization devoted to ending the pet overpopulation.
"It's about educating Tallahassee on the benefits of preventing overpopulation by getting your pet spayed or neutered because it's better to put the money at the front end than the back end when you have euthanasia," said Gerry Phipps.
Now starting it's 5th year, Be The Solution really has been a solution to overpopulation. In four years, they have fixed over 2,800 animals and hope for 1,000 more this year.
"It's an actual solution to a problem that's one of the beauties of the whole things is that it goes to the heart of the matter," said Tim Phipps.
Gerry and two part time employees do most of the dirty work. Tim helps out part time and plays full time Mr. Mom. But together, the Phipps use their family name, donations from fundraisers like a Wine Tasting and a Spayghetti Dinner---and a lot of TLC to help animals and families across Tallahassee and so far, it's been a blast.
"It's fun. I'm having fun meeting people who love animals."
"There's always been a passion there with her and it's really wonderful to see it come to something and really take off like this.


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Absolutely Gorgeous!!
Beautiful Memories to Last a Life Time
Auntie Gail!!
We believe there is profound beauty in elevating the ordinary
and delighting in the splendor of the mundane.
We want to tell the story that exists in routine and quiet moments because
there is honesty to the kind of love that dominates your solitude.
There are seasons in life that are in between milestones,
we want to celebrate and memorialize them as well …
| love stories |
What a lovely couple! Gorgeous photography!
LOVE THIS!!! Might be my favorite shoot so far:) You had me at that wicked assortment of rolling pins and cutting boards! That shot of the wedding ring hands together reading The Word is priceless…just beautiful.


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It was a good book, but we didn't like it as well as Olive, the Other Reindeer. But still a nice bookPublished 3 months ago by Jessica
One of my favorite childrens' books - a great little gift, too! Has a little Zeppelin play on words - tie-in with the song, as well.Published 6 months ago by Christmas
Another fun book from Vivian Walsh! This one is good, but not quite as good as "Olive, the Other Reindeer."Published 8 months ago by Cookbook Lover


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2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is added to blood platelet storage containers at a sufficient level to maintain pH stability of blood platelets within the suitable range (pH 7.2 to 7.4) for use in blood transfusions.
1. A method of controlling pH during storage of blood platelets in gas permeable blood storage bags which allow excessive CO2 diffusion causing an increase in alkalinity, said method comprising: placing blood platelets and a small but pH stabilizing amount
of 2,5 anhydromannitol in a sealable gas permeable
storage bag; and sealing said bag.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said bag is a polyolefin blood storage bag.
3. A method of controlling pH in stored gas permeable blood bags which allow excessive CO2 diffusion causing an increase in alkalinity, containing blood cells and platelets, said method comprising: adding to said bag a small but pH stabilizing effective amount of 2,5 anhydro-D-mannitol.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is sufficient to maintain the pH below 7.44.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is sufficient to maintain the pH within the range of from about 7.2 to about 7.44.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg/bag.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is from about 1 to 500 mg/bag.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is from about 2.0 to about 200/mg/bag.
9. A gas permeable bag of blood or blood components containing a small but pH stabilizing effective amount of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol.
The survival and function of transfused platelets is very sensitive to storage pH. The first generation of plastic blood storage containers were made of polyvinylchloride which inhibited gas exchange with the atmosphere. This tended to cause acidic conditions (pH less than 6). Investigations revealed that these bags became acidic due to the entrapment of carbon dioxide in the bags while lactic acid accumulated from anaerobic metabolic processes occurring within the stored platelets. This gradual decrease of pH due to the presence of increasing amounts of lactic acid and entrapped carbon dioxide caused damage to the platelets, more specifically to the membrane of the cells. As a result, the transfused platelets were hemostatically ineffective and were rejected by the body of the recipient very shortly after transfusion.
This storage problem led to the development of second generation storage containers made of more gas permeable polyolefin materials. Examples of the so-called second generation storage containers are those made by Baxter-Travenol, Fenwal, and Cutter. These second generation storage containers as now available are commonly polymerized alpha olefins such as polyethylene, etc. Because they have the advantage of being gas permeable, there is the expectation that carbon dioxide can be released in compensation for the amount of lactic acid production of the stored platelets. Thus the pH will not fall. While these bags work for their intended purpose, they create an additional problem. Namely, over compensation of carbon dioxide release. Thus, the bags give up carbon dioxide so rapidly that in fact alkaline environmental conditions are induced within the storage bags. Alkaline conditions (greater than 7.5) are as damaging to platelets as acid pH. In particular, alkaline pH leads to a dramatic drop off in survival after transfusion caused by modification of the platelet membrane. This is probably due to the coating of transfused platelets with antibody and their destruction in the patient's spleen.
In short, the solving of the problem of acidic conditions created by bags which inhibit gas exchange creates the problem of too much gas exchange which tends to alkaline conditions that are just as damaging to platelets.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a non-toxic, non-harmful additive for use with blood storage containers which avoids both extremes of pH and instead provides a pH stable stored blood product.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling pH of stored blood platelets.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of modulating lactic acid production of stored platelets by using non-toxic additives, with the result being high survival rate of stored platelets ready for use with transfused patients.
A further objective of the present invention is to employ a lactic acid stimulator to modulate lactic acid production of stored platelets which is 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol or a nontoxic, non-harmful, derivative thereof.
The method and manner of accomplishing each of the above objectives of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows hereinafter.
Blood platelets are pH stabilized by modulation of lactic acid production of stored platelets by adding as a non-toxic, non-harmful stabilizer, 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol or a derivative thereof.
FIG. 1 is a graph that shows the effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol on the lactic acid production of platelet concentrate compared to a sham treatment control the graph is a plot of the number of days of storage versus micromoles of lactate produced per 10 to the tenth platelets.
FIG. 2 is a graph that shows the effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol on the lactic acid production of platelet concentrate as compared to a D-mannitol control the graph is a plot of the number of days of storage versus micromoles of lactate produced per 10 to the tenth platelets.
FIG. 3 is a graph that shows the effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol on the pH of platelet concentrate compared to a D-mannitol control the graph is a plot of the number of days of storage versus the pH of the platelet concentrate.
The addition of D-mannitol itself as an additive to storage solutions for preserving functional cells such as platelets is known, see Kane, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,221, issued Oct. 9, 1984. However, as demonstrated herein in the examples below, mannitol does not work as a storage additive for stabilizing the pH of blood platelets in blood bags. It is therefore surprising and unexpected that 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, which is a derivative of the sugar alcohol D-mannitol, does work. 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is formed by the heat catalyzed dehydration across the C-2 and C-5 hydroxyl groups of D-mannitol and formation of an internal ether. 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is non-toxic, having an intraperitoneal LD50 in mice approximately equal to D-glucose. Extensive biochemical studies over the last fifteen years have shown 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol to be slowly taken up by mammalian cells, and due to its structural resemblance to D-fructofuranose, to become phosphorylated. The resulting 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-1,6-bisphosphate then inhibits the enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates the enzyme pyruvate kinase. The combination of these effects inhibits gluconeogenesis and stimulates lactic acid formation.
In a predominantly glycolytic cell like the platelet these effects have been found to act as a "tonic" to stimulate anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid production. The resulting lactic acid, if formed gradually over the storage period, counteracts the tendency toward alkaline conditions to which second-generation platelet containers (gas permeable polyolefins) are prone.
The blood bags which may be used in this invention are those typical gas permeable alpha polyolefin blood bags commercially available from sources such as Fenwal, Cutter, Baxter-Travenol, etc. No further description of such bags need be given herein as they are well known in the art. Generally these bags are used for storage of donor platelet concentrate and have about 50-60 ml volume capacity.
The compound which is added to provide the necessary stabilizing effect on pH is a non-harmful, non-toxic lactic acid stimulator. Examples of lactic acid stimulators are 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, D-fructose, D-xylitol, Dglucitol (Sorbitol), phenformin, dithiazanine iodide, methanol, ethanol, salicylate and streptozotocin any of these which are non-toxic or non-harmful may be used.
The most strongly preferred compound is 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol. This compound, when added, will maintain the pH below about 7.44 and typically within the preferred range of about 7.2 to about 7.44. The important fact in terms of the amount to be added is an amount sufficient to maintain the pH within the range at which blood platelets survive best, namely those pH ranges earlier expressed. For a typical capacity blood bag this amounts to from about 0.mg/bag to about 1000 mg/bag, or practically from about 1 mg to about 500 mg per bag, and most preferred from about 2 mg to about 200 mg per bag.
When the most preferred lactic acid stimulator 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is used, the survival rate of the stored platelets is dramatically increased in comparison with the discard rate when transfusions occur without the storage additive.
While applicant does not wish to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the present invention works because the additives of the present invention function as a stimulator for an enzyme which is rate limiting in the production of lactic acid, namely pyruvate kinase and it also inhibits an enzyme fructose bisphosphatase and blocks synthesis of new glucose. Importantly, this compound has an LD50 equal to glucose and is therefore absolutely non-harmful to blood, or to the transfusion recipient.
The following examples are offered to further illustrate, but not limit, the process and product of the present invention.
Healthy, volunteer donors (n=40) were bled (450 ml) into polyolefin blood storage bags (CLX-7, Cutter Laboratories, Berkely, CA) containing CPD Adenine-1 (63 ml). Donors were selected and phlebotomized according to well known and published procedures of the American Association of Blood Banks.
The protocol used to prepare the platelet concentrates was as follows: After storage for 1-2 hours at 20°-24° C. the units of whole blood were placed in a temperature-regulated centrifuge (Beckman J-6M) set at 22° C. and spun at 2,500 rpm (1778 g) for 3 minutes. The resulting platelet-rich plasma was then spun at 4,200 rpm (5018 g) for 5 minutes. All but 52 ±2 ml of the supernatent platelet-poor plasma was expressed from the bag and, after 60 minutes of undisturbed storage at 20°-24° C., the platelet pellet was re-suspended by gentle trituration and rotation of the storage bag. The platelet concentrates (PCs) thus obtained were stored at 20°-24° C. with 6 rpm circular agitation. After 8 hours of agitation the platelet count was determined and adjusted to 5.5×1010 platelets/bag by withdrawing the appropriate amount of PCs and replacing it with autologous plasma. In all of these and subsequent sampling and treatment manipulations PCs were entered aseptically.
Platelet counts were determined by particle counting of PC alignots (500 ml) that had been diluted 1:10 in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4. Lactate was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm from PC alignots (1 ml) as NADH generated from excess lactate dehydrogenase and NAD . (ACA Chemical Analyzer, Dupont Instruments, Wilmington, DL) Measurements of pH were made from PC alignots (1 ml) that were stored in a capped plastic tube.
D-mannitol was obtained commercially (Pfanstiehl Laboratories, Waukegan, IL). 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol was prepared by deamination and reduction of D-glucosamine according to a known procedure of Bera, D. C., Foster, A. B. and Stacey, N., J. Chem. Soc. (1956) p. 4531-4541. The fructose 6-phosphate site of phosphofructokinase. J. Biol. Chem. (1974) 249:5749-5754.
Total lactate content was measured in two experiments, each using a different control. A total of 40 platelet concentrates were studied, 20 in each experiment. In the first experiment, the study group (Group I) was composed of 10 platelet concentrates (PC) that each received 10 mg of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol dissolved in autologous plasma (1 ml) on Day 0. The control group (Group II) was composed of 10 PCs that each received 1 ml of autologous plasma on Day 0. Both groups were sampled for lactate on Day 0, just prior to injection of the additive or control, then on Days 6, 8 and 17.
In the second experiment, the study group (Group III) was composed of 10 PCs that each received 10 mg of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol dissolved in autologous plasma (1 ml). The control group (Group IV) was composed of 10 PCs that each received 10 mg of D-mannitol dissolved in autologous plasma (1 ml) on Day 0. Both groups were sampled for lactate and pH on Day 0, just prior to additive or control, then on Days 6, 7, 8 and 17 for lactate and Days 2 and 7 for pH.
The effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol on the total lactate content of stored platelet concentrates was compared to two controls. In FIG. 1, the effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is compared to a sham treatment (autologous plasma) control and in FIG. 2 to a D-mannitol control. In both experiments, lactate production during storage was significantly increased for the means of the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol treated Groups I and III when compared to the control Groups II and IV as illustrated in Table I. On all days studied, the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-stimulated platelet concentrates produced between 38% and 48% more lactate than controls.
In FIG. 3, the effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol on the platelet concentrate pH was compared to a D-mannitol control. On both days 2 and 7, the pH of the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol treated platelet concentrates were significantly lower than the control. Even by Day 7 the pH of the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol treated group had not gone above 7.5.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________The Effect of 2,5-anhydro- --D-mannitol and ControlTreatments on the Change in Lactate Production and pHof Stored Platelet Concentrates Increase in Lactate ProductionGroup Label (umole/1010 plt) Increase in pHand Size Treatment Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 17 Day 2 Day 7__________________________________________________________________________I(n = 10) 2,4-anhydro- 103 ± 5 115 ± 7 161 ± 14 --D-mannitolII(n = 10) None 75 ± 8 86 ± 10 113 ± 16III(n = 10) 2,5-anhydro- 105 ± 11 110 ± 11 115 ± 11 161 ± 17 0.18 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.007 --D-mannitolIV(n = 10) --D-mannitol 70 ± 6 75 ± 7 80 ± 8 104 ± 13 0.26 ± 0.03 0.46 ± 0.009I + III 2,5-anhydro- 104 ± 6 115 ± 6 161 ± 11(n = 20) --D-mannitolII + IV None or 73 ± 5 83 ± 6 109 ± 10(n = 20) --D-mannitol__________________________________________________________________________
It can be seen that 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol is an effective stimulator of lactic acid production. It can also be seen that the acidogenic effect of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol can be used to counteract the "respiratory alkalosis" of modern platelet storage containers so as to hold in vitro pH to a stabilized desirable level less than 7.5 and in most cases less than 7.44. Finally, as demonstrated by Table 1, and FIGS. 1 through 3, the objects of the invention are achieved by the addition of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol or non-toxic derivatives thereof.
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$535—$775 1—3 bed 3025 Kansas Dr Bellevue NE 68005
Previously Listed from $535 1—3 bed
3025 Kansas Dr Bellevue NE 68005, Bellevue
Commute to Downtown Bellevue
This apartment is in Bellevue. Nearby parks include Sorenson Park, Mandan Park and Fontenelle Forest Nature Center.
Southgate Apartments has a Walk Score of 15 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
Welcome to Southgate, a great place to call home. All of our well engineered floorplans have spacious living rooms, eat-in kitchens, and ample closet space. Our comfortable community is conveniently located near shopping, has a reputation of top notch maintenance service, laundry facilities, and much more. If you are looking for comfort and convenience at a great price... we will be more than happy to introduce you to your new home!
Pets allowed: No
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text:
A polysilicon resistor is formed using a late implant process. Low dopant concentrations on the order of 6×1019 to 3.75×1020 have shown good results. with a reduced post anneal temperature. Both the first and second order temperature coefficients (TC1 and TC2) can then be adjusted. Using electrical trimming resistors can be produced with highly linear temperature characteristics. By varying the geometries of the resistors, low trimming threshold current densities and voltages can be used to produce good results.
1. A resistor having a resistance that can be adjusted by current being passed there through and which is formed as part of a semiconductor device comprising:
a polycrystalline silicon resistor formed of on a layer, wherein said polysilicon resistor is formed using a doping wherein said doping has a concentration of from ˜6×1019 cm−3 to ˜3.75×1020 cm−3.
2. A resistor having a resistance that can be adjusted by current being passed there through and which is formed as part of a semiconductor device comprising:
a polycrystalline silicon resistor formed of on a layer, wherein said polysilicon resistor is formed using a doping wherein said doping has a concentration of less than ˜3.75×1020 cm−3.
3. A method of making a polysilicon resistor comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate,
depositing a polycrystalline layer on said substrate,
aligning and exposing a poly resistor mask,
poly doping the polycrystalline layer,
forming an insulating oxide,
aligning and exposing the mask for the resistor,
depositing an inter level dielectric,
annealing the inter level dielectric, and
completing the processing using low temperature processing.
4. A method as in
5. A method as in
6. A method as in
7. A method of trimming a poly silicon resistor to a target resistance formed using a low concentration doping comprising the steps of:
passing an electrical signal through said resistor,
measuring and increasing said passed electrical signal until the resistance of said resistor equals the target resistance.
8. A method of trimming a polysilicon resistor to a target resistance formed using a low concentration doping, as in
measuring and increasing said passed current pulse until the resistance of said resistor equals the target resistance.
9. A method of trimming a polysilicon resistor to a target resistance formed using a low concentration doping as in
10. A method of trimming a polysilicon resistor to a target resistance formed using a low concentration doping as in
11. A resistor having a resistance that can be adjusted by current being passed there through and which is formed as part of a semiconductor device comprising:
a polycrystalline silicon resistor formed of on a layer, wherein said polysilicon resistor is formed using a doping wherein said doping has a concentration of greater than ˜6×1019 cm−3.
12. A resistor having a resistance that can be adjusted by current being passed there through and which is formed as part of a semiconductor device comprising:
a polycrystalline silicon resistor formed of on a layer, wherein said polysilicon resistor is formed using a late implant doping technique.
13. A method as in
14. A method of trimming a polysilicon resistor to a target resistance formed using a low concentration doping as in
15. A method as in
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to an improved polysilicon resistor and method for making the same.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Various types of polysilicon resistors have been known. However in making polysilicon resistors in the past several problems and deficiencies have been noted. Specifically a trimming of the resistance value either by lasers or by having multiple resistors and having to "blow" links have been needed to obtain high accuracy in the resistance value. Further the resistors that are formed have first and second order temperature coefficients (TC1 and TC2) in normal operation ranges that make them less than ideal.
[0005] Other attempts at other non-laser trimmed resistor such as Isobe, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,559 and Amemiya et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,210,996 have been tried. However these also suffer from various problems as to the temperature coefficients and the methods of making them are difficult. As an example although the Amemiya et al. device allows for electrical trimming however the temperature characteristics do not lend themselves to ready usage. Further a device built along the lines Amemiya et al. can only be built using doping concentrations at higher than 1×1020 atoms/cm 3. Consequently this device is less than desirable.
[0006] A device according to Isobe, et al. actually requires that two dopings occur for each resistor one with a positive TC1 and a second with a negative TC1 be used so that a zero TC1 resistor can be formed. This increases the complexity of formation of the device. Further both dopings are at high levels of concentrations, which create problems in the manufacturing process.
[0007] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings and deficiencies noted above by providing a new electrically trimmed polysilicon resistor that can be electrically trimmed by controlling the grain boundary resistance by the movement of the impurity doping. The second order temperature coefficient can also be altered in predictable manners. The trimming range of the resistor itself also can be adjusted over a very wide range.
[0008] By having an electrically trimmed resistor of this type various types of improved and new devices can be built that have not been possible, heretofore.
[0009] The improvement provided in the accuracy of the resistors can make termination devices such as SCSI terminators with fewer and more accurate resistors, making the SCSI terminators cheaper and/or more accurate.
[0010] Improved temperature sensors are also possible. As the temperature coefficients and the resistance of one or more resistors can be independently adjusted an improved differential temperature sensor could be built. This independent adjustment can also make an improved zero temperature coefficient resistor possible that has adjustable temperature characteristics, by using two resistors and trimming them so that they have temperature coefficients of opposite signs.
[0011] The ability to adjust first and second order temperature coefficients also allows for improved second order fits of resistors or with more linear temperature characteristics. It should be noted that TC2 as will be discussed below decreases considerably with electrical trimming at various doping concentrations (see for example FIG. 6).
[0012] Other possibilities include improved anemometers and bolometers with increased sensitivity.
[0013] Also as this "trimming" can be controlled by an electrical circuit the resistor can be used as a permanent indicator of events such as ESD event or it can act as a type of electrical fuse based upon a programmed change in a resistors characteristics.
[0014] The trimmed resistor can also be used to improved bandgap circuits, A/D and D/A converters. OP-amp offsets, digital potentiometers and delay lines can likewise be improved. Also digital thermometers, oscillators and filters can also benefit from this type of resistor.
[0015] As another example an electrically trimmed resistor could act as a multi-bit analog memory by employing multiple trimmed values of one or more of these resistors.
[0016] Other advantages and novel features of the present invention can be understood and appreciated by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
[0017]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a resistor formed according to this invention.
[0018]FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of a preferred embodiment for the electrical trimming or adjusting a resistor formed according to this invention; and
[0019] FIGS. 3-7 are graphs showing experimental test results on various versions resistors according to this invention.
[0020] Referring now to the drawings wherein like or similar elements are designated with identical reference numerals.
[0021] In the formation of the polysilicon resistor in the normal prior art process, doping is done very soon in the processing (generally immediately after) the film deposition step or in-situ during film deposition at concentrations of ˜1×1020 cm−3 and annealing at greater than 950° C. However the inventors herein have found that a polysilicon resistor with a much lower concentration of the dopant in the range of 6×1019 cm−3 or less can be built and can be electrically trimmed. This is thought to be possible due to a fine grain size which can result from a late implant process. This allows for a greater ability for trimming and eliminates the need for the double doping of the resistor as in Isobe, et al. Also, a lower temperature for the annealing may be used for example at a deposition temperature of 625° C. if a late implant process is employed. The low doped late-implanted resistors result in a finer grain size and hence have a higher grain boundary density compared to the highly doped early-implanted resistors. This increase in the grain boundary density results in reduced trimming current density and higher maximum trim percentages. For e.g. for a resistor of dimensions width=0.6 um, length=5 um, the late implant resistor can be trimmed to about 30% of its initial resistance while the early-implant resistor can be trimmed to only about 60% of its initial resistance.
[0022] This allows for the use of a phosphorous dopant to create a zero temperature coefficient resistor and also allowing for an electrical trimming of the thus formed resistor. Prior art devices such as are shown in Isobe et al. and Amemiya et al. have neglected changes to the second order coefficient TC2 which is significant when a lower dopant concentration is employed. In fact the prior art devices have indicated that the doping concentration must be greater than 1×1020 atoms/cm3.
[0023] The inventors have found that using a lower doping along with a lower final anneal temperature allows them to obtain an increased resistivity and the amount of dopant at the grain boundaries to also increase. This allows the resistor to be trimmed using much lower concentrations than had been thought possible.
[0024] The polysilicon resistors used in this example were 0.4 μm thick, phosphorus-doped and deposited at 625° C. We have used resistors with a dopant concentration in the range −6×1019 cm−3 to 3.75×1020 cm−3 and examine the effect of electrical trimming on both TC1, TC2 and resistance. Other dopant species such as Arsenic, Boron and Antinomy, etc. are expected to produce similar results.
[0025] The trimming behavior of TC1 and TC2 are shown in FIGS. 3 for a phosphorus concentration 6×1019 cm−3. This concentration was previously classified as untrimmable by Isobe et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,559. The pre-trim sheet resistances in FIG. 3 are scattered around 285 Ω/square with TC1 in the 1000 ppm/° C. These data points correspond to different resistors on the same wafer and reflect the normal process variations between resistors. It can be seen that electrical trimming reduces the sheet resistance and also causes the TC1 to increase in a linear fashion. On the other hand, TC2 [FIG. 4] decreases linearly with trimming.
[0026] The inventors herein have used resistors ranging from a phosphorus concentration of ˜6×1019 cm−3 up to ˜3.75×1020 cm−3. Superimposing the data from these different dopings results in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. From FIG. 5, it is evident that the magnitude of slope of TC1 versus Sheet Resistance curve increases as the doping is increased. Thus, by using differently doped resistors, we can obtain the same TC1 for different sheet resistances or alternately for a given Sheet Resistance we can obtain different TC1 values by changing the dopant concentration and amount of trim. The shaded area represents the possible TC1-Sheet Resistance combinations and includes the all-important zero TC1 value. It can be seen from this that the threshold current density for trimming reduces with increasing length and also has a width dependence. FIG. 4 shows the variation in TC2 versus Sheet Resistance for the dopant range mentioned above. The slope of TC2 versus sheet resistance does not change appreciably after electrically trimming the polysilicon resistors for differently doped resistors. In terms of TC2, trimming has the same effect as increasing the doping concentration during processing.
[0027] The formation of the resistor occurs by the following steps. In an exemplary process a substrate is initially prepared using known prior art conventional processing. A polycyrystalline silicon layer is deposited. This layer is ideally about 4000 Å thick. The layer is deposited and annealed at 625° C. with a deposition time of about 62 minutes. A poly resistor mask is then aligned and exposed. An ion implantation is done to provide the poly doping using a dose of about 1.5E16/cm2 with the ion energy at 60 keV. The insulating oxidation for the poly is formed at 950 ° C. for about 30 minutes. The mask for implant resistor is then aligned and exposed using a dose of 2.0E15 to 1.5E16/cm2 at an energy level of 100 KeV. After the resistor has been implanted an inter-level dielectric, viz. Borophosphosilicate Glass (or commonly called BPSG) is deposited on the wafer. The next step is an anneal at 900 C for 20 minutes in order to planarize the surface and densify the BPSG. Then conventional low temperature processing is done. This low temperature processing comprises the following steps. First contacts are etched in the BPSG. Then a TiN barrier layer is deposited on the BPSG. An Al—Cu layer is then deposited. This Al—Cu layer is then patterned and etched. A TEOS deposition for is then done passivation purposes. A nitride deposition is also then done for passivation purposes. The resultant material is then patterned and etched.
[0028] The resistor as formed above can have the resistance and temperature coefficients adjusted by an electrical current either in the form of pulses or direct current. A typical timing diagram is given in FIG. 2 for the resistor trimming. A resistor formed according to this invention is trimmed by using current pulses of increasing amplitude while monitoring the resistance during the measure period. This is continued until the desired amount of trimming has been achieved. The pulse width that has been used successfully for this purpose is 500 us and the period is 10.5 ms.
[0029] The voltages and currents used in prior art systems have generally been too high for easy incorporation into low-voltage devices. For example, the lowest threshold trimming current (the current at which the trimming begins) reported by Amemiya et al. was ˜20 mA with a corresponding voltage of ˜16V. This voltage is not compatible with low-voltage processes. The inventors herein have made polysilicon resistors with widths ranging from 0.6 um to 1.5 um and lengths ranging from 2 um to 15 um (FIG. 7). It can be seen that the threshold current density for trimming reduces with increasing length and has a weak width dependence The length dependence is thought to be influenced by end effects. The dopant species from the highly doped polysilicon contact areas diffuse into the lighter doped regions, reducing the sheet resistance and increasing the grain size. Also, the polysilicon contact areas act as heat sinks reducing the average resistor temperature during trimming. This effect is pronounced for shorter resistors and decreases for longer resistors. By choosing suitable geometries resistors which trim at very low voltages and currents can be fabricated. Threshold current of ˜5 mA and less have shown acceptable results. Trimming voltages as low as ˜1.5V have also produced successful results.
[0030] Further if resistors are placed over thick oxide (i.e. they have a higher degree of thermal isolation), they can be trimmed at lower currents and voltages compared to the same resistor over a thin oxide. A resistor over a thin oxide can lose heat easily to the substrate (the silicon wafer) and hence needs a higher current and voltage to reach the same temperature as a resistor over thick oxide. For example, a resistor of size width=2 um and Length=29 um had a trimming threshold at 18.5 mA, 13.3V when placed over thick oxide (4000 A) while the same resistor with only a thin layer of oxide (150 A) separating the silicon wafer from the resistor had a trimming threshold of 34.5 mA, 21V. This demonstrates that it is beneficial (lower trimming voltages and currents) from a trimming standpoint to thermally isolate resistors. One way to do this is to place them over a thick oxide layer so that less heat is lost by the resistor during trimming and the resistor achieves a higher temperature (The resistor heats up when you pass a current through it due to joule-heating or self-heating). An assumption which is implicit in this regard is that the resistor must heat up to a high enough temperature in order to trim.
[0031] Obviously, numerous modifications and variations are possible in view of the teachings above. For example, the temperatures, concentrations, thickness, process sequence or the like can be varied as can the specific trimming stimulus and methodology.
[0032] Accordingly, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Property is in very high demand and likely to sell quickly, even if it is overpriced or not in the best condition. Sellers receive multiple offers and the price is usually bid up above the seller's initial asking price.
Rent prices are relatively stable, and availability is good. If your yearly income is around $60,000, you can afford to rent in this market. Rent prices have increased by 3% over the past 3 months. This is 12% lower than the state average of $1,390 and 92% lower than the country average of $2,388.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 325
|New: 46
|Recently Sold: 262
|Reduced: 78
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 16,196
|Foreclosed: 2
The average home price in 30331 is $177,837, which is 26.4% higher than the average sold price in 30331 ($140,660) . The average home price per square foot in 30331 is $77 and about 2% of all homes in 30331 sold in the last 6 months. For 30331 home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 16,196 property records or search our 262 recently sold or 325 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in 30331 are only a part of the 3,186,895 properties and 73,078 homes for sale in Georgia. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of 30331 also influence the average home price $99,174 and average sale price $224,313 of Georgia. Listing counts, 30331 home prices and home values in 30331 are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


text: Joseph Morgan, Persia White Engaged! by Free Britney at May 19, 2014 1:15 pm. Comments Share Tweet Email We're pleased to report that Hollywood couple Joseph Morgan and Persia White are newly engaged. Edit Delete Follow Joseph Morgan? Star: Joseph Morgan Tag: The Buzz Related Videos: The Buzz Videos Related Post: Joseph Morgan and Persia White: Engaged! Uploaded by: Free Britney Uploaded: May 19, 2014 Duration: 95 seconds


text:
Need To Know | American Voices: Michael Gartner on Iowa | PBS
Duration: 03:09
Program: Need to Know #216
Broadcast Date: Dec. 30, 2011
On "American Voices," essayist Michael Gartner offers a portrait of his home state.Tags:
Need To Know | Fri., Dec. 30,... (#216)
Full Program: A look at Iowa before the presidential caucuses. 25:20
Need To Know | Faith in the... (#216)
How evangelical voters in Iowa have been unable to coalesce around a single candidate. 11:55
Need To Know | Playing the field... (#216)
How presidential candidates are no longer committing to ethanol subsidies in Iowa. 07:38
Need To Know | Need to Know,... (#240)
Full Program: Need to Know anchor Ray Suarez hosts a panel discussion about America's immigration policies 25:08
Need To Know | Need to Know,... (#235)
Full Program: NTK explores the debate about legal immigration. 24:31
Need To Know | Rep. Zoe Lofgren... (#235)
Rep. Zoe Lofgren on foreign entrepreneurs and innovation have transformed Silicon Valley. 04:43
Need To Know | American... (#235)
Jon Meacham on the history of immigration. 02:24
Need To Know | Making it in... (#235)
Foreign-born entrepreneurs in America. 08:31
Need To Know | Brain Drain | PBS (#235)
Foreign entrepreneurs create jobs in the U.S. are forced to leave because of visa problems 09:52
Need To Know | Need to Know,... (#234)
Full Program: How one small town in Washington state is coping with the economic crisis. 24:33
Need To Know | Help Wanted:... (#234)
How one small town in Washington state is coping with the economic crisis. 13:54
Need To Know | Interview: Joshua... (#234)
Joshua Foust on the state of the war in Afghanistan. 04:42
Need To Know | Interview: Dan... (#233)
Dan Savage on LGBT military members. 02:09
Need To Know | Need to Know,... (#233)
Full Program: How the city of Norfolk, Virginia is grappling with massive flooding. 25:09
Need To Know | Rising tide | PBS (#233)
Norfolk, Va., grapples with massive flooding. 13:03
Need To Know | Interview: Dr. Jay... (#233)
Do government policies encourage building in flood prone areas? 04:40
Need To Know | Update:... (#233)
Update on the death of an illegal immigrant. 03:42
Need To Know | Jon Shenk on | PBS (#231)
Jon Shenk discusses his new documentary. 02:11
NEED TO KNOW | American... (#230)
to.pbs.org Jon Meacham discusses how education is key to the United States regaining its footing economically, as... 02:06
- Watch more video from this program
Post Date: December 22, 2011


text:
Everything you need for the Ware County area
If you like yourWARELOCAL.com, please let others know and share it in places like Facebook
your Local
Community Events Calendar
There's always something going on & if you have an event and isn't there, let us now, it's FREE.
your Links to all our Local Attractions
Need help finding our local attractions, they're all in our 'Local Links' section in the top menu.
All our navigation is now at the top of the page
your Emergency & Local WeatherAlerts
Brought to you by the Ware County CERT & yourWARELOCAL.com
your useful local contact numbers & much more
Our homepage has a load of useful local links, take a moment and have a look round.
What does a website say about your business?
More & more people are accessing websites with mobile devices, is yours compatible like this site?
your Local News & Announcements
We now feature some local events, news & things of interest
Our Local News & Announcements aren't on a daily basis but more as an 'as and when' there's something note worthy. We want to promote local events or news, so if you have something you'd like to see here, please contact us, and we'll review it and post it, so if you have something to say, please contact us HERE
Every intention but things happen as we all know
When I updated this site to it's new look I wanted to include a regular'ish post to be added and I had every intention to make it every couple of weeks and at least once a month, but things happen as we all know. I don't know about you, but I have been crazy and this wish went right out the window because I haven't pasted since March, and that's not that regular is it!
With this in mind, I'm turning over a new leaf and making the time to post something, fingers crossed, I did it once for years on a weekly basis in the wjhnews so I can do it here.
So, what's new, well I would like to start, not necessarily with the latest news, more of a combination of old and new. The old is more of a thank you to Wayne Morgan for the use of some of his photography on this site. When I did the new look I wanted to include local images and a few weeks ago I even changed the yourwarelocal.com home page people to locals as well, so thank you to all involved in allowing me to use them on the site.read more
Are you being paid what you're worth?
It's not really local news, but I don't know if you were aware, but in the last week, Forbes (who promote themselves as the leading source for reliable business news and financial information) announced the list of richest people in the world. Now if you've ever looked into this, you'll know, or at least have a fair idea of who this is.
So I'll give you some clues in case you haven't heard.
1. It's a guy, sorry ladies, but no surprise there unfortunately.
2. No, he's what I would call middle aged so no it's not a football player
3. You'll more than likely use something he makes, owns, runs, whatever today, may be more
Please read on to see who it is.
read more


text:
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#islamic, poetry, muslim, sisters, ramadan, greetings, e-cards, easel, wonderful, garden, graphics, handicrafts, blinkies
Islamic Forum, Muslim Forum, Darul Ilm Forum. Darul Ilm Islamic Forum


text:
UI/UX Designer
United States - Last active: 1 month ago - Tests: 7 - Portfolio: 5
Experienced UI / UX designer and product manager: 1/ Understanding and defining product features 2/ Transforming requirements into wireframes 3/ Writing technical specification for development 4/ Transforming Use cases into visual components 3/ Producing diagrams and clear presentations conveying the main features of a product 6/ Trainings using all kind of media( documents, slides, videos, demos)
Information Architect - UX designer
Jordan - Last active: 29 days ago - Tests: 2 - Portfolio: 2
I Spent the lat 8 years Architecting and designing web and mobile solutions. Proficient in Information architecture Wire-framing , Sitemaps, Functional maps, Personas, user story, info graphs, designing for emotions, interaction design, user experience design, user workflow, Excellent Usability testing skills along with A/B testing. Expert in XHTML/CSS, JQuery, PHP (Wordpress and Drupal) photography skills, Excellent online project management skills.
- Information Architecture
- Interaction design
- Usability testing
- A/B Testing
- Information design
- Wireframing
- OmniGraffle
- Axure RP
- Architecture
- User acceptance testing
Associated with: Plexable
Copywriter/Creative Impresario
United States - Last active: 1 month ago - Tests: 3
Creative that thinks, winks, speaks to its audience and sells is my specialty. From can't-look-away headlines and short-form copy to articles, features and newsletters, I'll tell your story—then I'll illustrate it so you stand apart. Consider my instinctive grasp of what readers (especially women) want now at your disposal.
- Copywriting
- Creative writing
- Brand Consulting
- Article Writing
- Art Direction
- Article Spinning
- Photography
- Slang-style Writing
- News Writing Style
- Direct marketing
- Fashion design
- Copy editing
- Editorial Writing
- Editing
- Short Story Writing
- Technical writing
- Interaction design
- Interior design
- Internet Marketing
- Internet research
- Content Writing
- Concept Artistry
- Travel Writing
- Banner Ad Design
- Brochure Design
- Jewelry Design
- Information design
- Google AdWords
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Baking
- Research Papers
- Scripting
- Print design
- Adobe Creative Suite
- Project management
- Product Development
- Content Management
- Literature Review
- Film criticism
- Interviewing
- Erotica Writing
- Email Marketing
- Social Media Marketing
- SEO Keyword Research
- Market research
Instructional Designer
United States - Last active: 12/12/2012 - Tests: 3 - Portfolio: 3
An instructional designer/multimedia expert who has a proven track record in developing, managing and analyzing a wide variety of corporate communications. Possess highly regarded skill-set which makes even the most complicated information easy to digest.
Senior product interaction designer
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I aim to make product experiences meaningful to people by focusing design intent, ensuring intuitive interactions are in place and understanding the goals and challenges users face.
UX expert
United States - Last active: 10/06/2014 - Tests: 1
Over 18 years' enjoyment of software product design and development. I am a happy and highly motivated individual who finds humor coupled with the relentless striving for excellence, the perfect work combination. I take a great deal of pleasure and pride out of designing intuitive and compelling software. • I am completely versed and battle tested in all the various aspects, tools, and methods of UX/Usability/User research/IA • Worked across desktop, mobile and the web
Interactive Software Developer
United States - Last active: 07/15/2014 - Tests: 1
Hello! I'm a creative software developer with extensive experience developing interesting and engaging interactive content with widely used technologies such as Unity, Flash, and DirectX on many different platforms and devices such as iOS, Android, Xbox, Playstation, Windows, and the web. I have developed projects for many high profile companies such as EA, Microsoft, and Pepsi in both gaming and advertising. I have an MS degree in interactive entertainment from the Florida Interactive Entertainment Academy at UCF, consistently rated the #2 graduate level game development program in the nation by the Princeton Review, as well as a BS degree in computer science from Florida State University. I am passionate about my work and about helping others achieve their creative vision by utilizing my wide array of knowledge and experience. I look forward to working together!
Passionate about software development and for jobs well done.
Brazil - Last active: 11/10/2013
Desenvolvedor há mais de 15 anos e durante essa jornada trabalho para melhorar a vida de diversas pessoas. Também ajudo a disseminar ideias como Design Thinking, Lean Thinking e Agile, pois acredito que este é o caminho para o desenvolvimento de produtos inovadores, tenho paixão por tecnologia e mantenho uma atenção especial para a simplicidade, usabilidade e interação homem-computador nos produtos que crio.
Food writer / User Experience Expert
United States - Last active: 01/08/2014
I am both a food writer and a user experience expert. By day, I am an award winning user experience designer. I have worked with many Fortune 500 companies to create easy to use and navigate websites and mobile apps. By night, I am a professional pastry chef. I have worked on 3 cookbooks, 2 Food Network TV shows, and write a dessert blog.
Obi-Mac (content machine and Jedi master)
United States - Last active: 09/27/2013
Webby-nominated, Internet-patent wielding creative content (art and word) machine. Under-the-hood I am also a writer, an editor and a producer. Big industries: Videogame (Atari, gPlay.com, EA Sports, Primagames.com), Sports (Mavericks big wave surfing), Broadcast (Saving the Bay - PBS), Journalism (California newspapers including managing editor of Northern California's oldest newspaper, The Placer Herald). Mastery of various CMS platforms, site architectures with a variety of hands on written and visual capabilities for vibrant and compelling content.


text:
The Feed
By Stephanie March
Foodie File
By Dara Moskowitz Grumdahl
DeRusha Eats
By Jason DeRusha
Harvest Beer Festival
Mpls.St.Paul Event
Restaurant Week
Party Patrol
By Parties Editors
The Morning After
By Tad Simons
Arts Off The Cuff
by Arts & Nightlife Editors
Ali Shops
By Allison Kaplan
Perfect Parties
By Mpls.St.Paul Magazine
ASID MN Showcase Home
Exceptional Properties
By Edina Realty
Outstanding Nurses
Fit Fest
Stephanie Wilbur Ash
Featured Promotion
Aisle File
By Emily Howald Sefton
Real Brides
By Real Brides-to-Be
Diamond Awards
By: Allison Kaplan | Posted: 06/30/2015
The young stars of ABC's Nashville bring me within one degree of Connie Britton. Read More
By: Allison Kaplan | Posted: 01/28/2009
The store owners are blaming the economy, but I wonder if the rise of Lillian's might have had a little something to do with the demise of Totes & Treasures, a lesser-known St. Paul resource for designer inspired bags and accessories. Read More
By: Allison Kaplan | Posted: 01/27/2009
I should be angry with Harry Connick Jr. for not making time to shop with me at Mall of America this evening, and not only because he has daughters and a gorgeous wife who undoubtedly would have appreciated a few pretty things purchased with no sales tax. Read More
When the fashion police lambasted Renee Zellweger's odd see-through dress over corset at the Golden Globes, her co-star Siobhan Fallon from "New in Town" (out on Friday) called and said "The cream rises to the top." Zellweger's reply: "I love you." Read More
By: Allison Kaplan | Posted: 01/23/2009
Another Look consignment boutique at 50th and Xerxes in South Minneapolis is out of business. Read More
By: Allison Kaplan | Posted: 01/20/2009
Michelle Obama nailed it. The dress, a white chiffon one-shoulder Jason Wu design with a ruched bodice and sparkling train, was absolutely exquisite. Read More
Expect to see a lot of yellow at Twin Cities boutiques in the coming months. Read More
In case you were thinking you still had time to swing by a department store to collect your free cosmetics, forget it - or at least, call first. Macy's in St. Paul was down to a couple of remaining products by lunch time. Read More
Allison Kaplan is Mpls.St.Paul Magazine's shopping and style editor. See bio
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text:
My mixed model is as follows:
model <- lme(Cost~1+Units, random=~1+Units|Factory, method="ML", data=A)
I was told to apply the code below to plot residuals versus fitted values and it worked:
plot(fitted(model), resid(model))
However, it showed me an error message when I tried to plot residuals versus Units, the predictor variable.
> plot(Units(model), resid(model))
Error: could not find function "Units"
Error in plot(Units(model), resid(model)) :
error in evaluating the argument 'x' in selecting a method for function 'plot'
What should I do to fix this problem? Thanks.


text:
Recently I started writing SQL query for analyzing and debugging the production code. But I was surprised to see that some queries takes longer time to execute to achieve the same output. I did research and found some interesting stuff about how to debug the SQL query. I have a very simple table who's definition is as following. In test ...Read More »
Load or Save Image using Hibernate – MySQL
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You probably followed my posts about testing more complex scenarios with embedded GlassFish (Part I / Part II). Next on my list of things to do was to get this setup working with latest WebLogic 12c. Getting Started Follow the steps in the getting started part of my first two posts. There are only a few things you have to ...Read More »
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MyBatis is a very popular and also most efficient SQL mapping framework. MyBatis is available for both in java as well as .net language. MyBatis is not really an alternative of Hibernate but we can use this framework to reduce our database related code with efficient and high performance provided by MyBatis. This tutorial will show you the steps to ...Read More »
Arquillian with NetBeans, GlassFish embedded, JPA and a MySQL Datasource
This is an, let's call it accidental post. I was looking into transactional CDI observers and playing around with GlassFish embedded to run some integration tests against it. But surprisingly this did not work too well and I am still figuring out, where exactly the problems are while using the plain embedded GlassFish for that. In the meantime I switched ...Read More »
Hibernate autocommit commands force MySQL in excessive disk I/O
Dear All, I am sure many of you use Hibernate and MySQL, I use it here and there myself. Generally the programming model is nice, but it is no secret that plain JDBC can be a lot faster. In this post I would like to draw your attention to a small problem that Hibernate causes in your MySQL server. If ...Read More »
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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 1/23/13
China's Li Na overpowered second-seeded Maria Sharapova 6-2, 6-2 to advance to the Australian Open final and a chance for her second Grand Slam title. Li, who won the 2011 French Open and was the losing finalist here to Kim Clijsters the same year, broke Sharapova's serve in the fifth and seventh games of the second set on Thursday. Sharapova had dropped only nine games in five matches en route to the semifinals, a tournament record. The sixth-seeded Li, who has been working since August with Justine Henin's former coach, Carlos Rodriquez, will play either defending champion Victoria Azarenka or 19-year-old American Sloane Stephens in Saturday night's final.
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Hidden Treasure Cabin Getaway
Wasagaming Cabin
Studio / 1 Bathroom / Sleeps 4Cabin / Studio / Sleeps 4
/ nightEmail Owner
|Per night:
|$79 - $107
|Per month:
|$2,370 - $3,210
|Pets allowed:
Clean, Comfortable and Cute!
May 14, 2015
We stayed at this gem in August 2014 as a family with three young children. We thoroughly enjoyed our stay and would highly recommend this cabin to others. It is clean and the pride in ownership shows as it is well-maintained. It is close to the resort attractions, but not too close and it has lots of privacy. The property is perfect for an active family or couple - close to bike/walking trails and close enough to bike into town, perfect for canoeing on the adjacent lake, and even for picking up nearby geocaches! The kids had lots of room to run and play outside, enjoying the pool and sand. Mom and Dad enjoyed the deck with comfy chairs. The kitchen is well-stocked and laid out, making for a break from eating out to cook in or BBQ on the deck. The beds were comfy and the view onto the lake is outstanding to wake up to in the morning. There's plenty of room to park so you don't have to do the car-shuffle. Great price and much better than some of the McCabins in the resort. It's homey, relaxing, and cozy - the perfect getaway!
St. Norbert Family, Winnipeg, Manitoba


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Select Local Merchants
Video KitchenRead MoreSince his boyhood days in the darkroom, Video Kitchen's president, Carlile Crutcher, has had a passion for photography. This passion evolved into home movies during his tenure in high school, college, and the United States Navy, and eventually culminated in the creation of Video Kitchen in 1992. In two locations, including the brand new store in East Louisville, an artistically and technically skilled staff oversees the preservation of memories with data transfers for all sorts of media and formats. The staff specializes in tape-to-DVD transfers, including familiar formats such as VHS tapes, Hi8 and Digital8 8mm tapes, and MiniDV, as well as specialty formats such as 8mm and 16mm movie film. Imbued with the gift of cinematic artistry, Video Kitchen's staff also produces video for occasions such as business meetings, recitals, and sporting events. Skillful sound engineers capture all the audio, and editors can splice different scenes together or superimpose a slam-dunking dog into every frame.1917 Blankenbaker PkwyLouisville, KY US
Fish Window CleaningRead MoreOn the morning of a scheduled job, Fish Window Cleaning's fully insured, licensed, and bonded team arrives at the premises in full uniform, ready to scour outdoor windows until they gleam. During indoor work, they work quietly, donning fresh shoe covers, slipping cloth pads under each window, and dressing in camouflage that matches your wallpaper. The team's impeccable service earned their company a Better Business Bureau Torch Award in 2009. Though they're renowned for customer service, team members also benefits from more than 30 years of experience in the industry. That combination helped them balloon from a solitary office to 220 franchises across 40 states and one moon colony. Each outpost maintains rigorous standards when performing residential and commercial chores, from pressure washing to construction cleanup.7321 New La Grange RdLouisville, KY US
Louisville StonewareRead MoreOne of the oldest stoneware manufacturers in the United States, Stoneware has been dedicated to the tradition and careful craftsmanship of transforming clay into enduring, functional art for the home and kitchen since 1815. On the Stoneware Art Factory tour, follow the steps of more than 20 skilled artisans who take the clay from raw form to completed piece. Pick from a wide selection of pottery pieces and use the same tools and glazes as Stoneware's artisans, to decorate your own masterpiece. Once complete, your piece will be glazed and fired by Stoneware staff. After its time in the kiln, it'll be ready for pick-up in about 7 to 10 business days. Allow 1 to 2 hours. Located in Louisville, Kentucky the art factory in the Paristown Pointe neighborhood offers tours twice a day Monday through Friday and a paint your own pottery experience and retail store Monday through Saturday.731 Brent StreetLouisville, KY US
Mountain Air DuctRead MoreMountain Air Duct Services improves air quality by hunting out dust and dander in all of the crannies in which it hides, from the tufts of carpet to the hard-to-reach panels of air ducts and dryer vents. Experts arrive equipped with powerful vacuums to remove malevolent dirt, debris, and allergens the home's airways, which they can bolster against future infestation with UV lamps. Specially trained and certified cleaners purge carpets and upholstery with techniques catered to each type of fabric, scouring suede with a gentle wand and drying oriental rugs with the wind of one hand clapping. Armed with infrared cameras and hygrometers, the crews ferret out mold and water damage before sanitizing, deodorizing, and disinfecting affected areas.Redeem from HomeLouisville, KY US
Pro Clean Carpet Cleaning & Floor ServicesRead MoreAs members of the National Association of Home Builders, Pro Clean Carpet Cleaning & Floor Services is committed to maintaining the homes of its community members with cleaning, restoration, and installation services. Since 2002, the family-owned company has worked with commercial and residential clients in the Louisville area, restoring water-damaged surfaces and banishing stains that have stopped paying their rent. With truck-mounted cleaning systems and a three-step cleansing process, the staff attacks dirt and abrasives in carpets, upholstery, and tile surfaces. They proudly employ pet-safe cleaning solutions, and use green products upon request.3215 Fern Valley RoadLouisville, KY US
Eco-pad Carpet CleaningRead MoreEco-pad Carpet Cleaning's certified and insured technicians make sure household carpets are friendlier to feet with their unique cleaning device. Rather than using truck-mounted, steam-based equipment that often uses too much water and leaves floor toupees soaked for several hours, the company's carpet experts instead wield an oscillating pad machine. Their cleaning method relies on only a small amount of water combined with eco- and pet-friendly chemicals, and doesn't require extraction. This means that carpets dry naturally, usually within 45 minutes or less––the same time it takes for homeowners to realize their roof is missing.5804 Janet Lee DriveLouisville, KY US


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JAVIS Automation & Engineering, Inc.
B-293235.6: Apr 29, 2004
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
Ralph O. White
(202) 512-8278
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-8278
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
JAVIS Automation & Engineering, Inc. protests the exclusion of its proposal from the competitive range under request for proposals (RFP) No. CM1301-03-RP-0019, issued as a total small business set-aside by the Department of Commerce for information technology (IT) services. JAVIS asserts that the evaluation of its proposal was inconsistent with the evaluation scheme set forth in the RFP and was otherwise unreasonable.
We deny the protest.
Jun 30, 2015
- Precise Management, LLC--ReconsiderationB-410912.2
Jun 29, 2015
- Bode Aviation, Inc.B-411265
- Decisive Analytics CorporationB-410950.2,B-410950.3
Jun 26, 2015
- SageCare, Inc.B-411260
- Computer World Services Corporation; CompQSoftB-411216,B-411216.3,B-411216.4,B-411216.5
- WKF Friedman EnterprisesB-411208
Jun 25, 2015
- K-MAR Industries, Inc.B-411262,B-411262.2
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7 Deadly 'ol places to eat in Eastern Newfoundland
Of crepes and cod. Read on! →
Of crepes and cod. Read on! →
These are a few of my favourite things. Read on! →
It's LIVE! My first real #SplitTheRock video. Featuring Bay d'Espoir. Read on! →
From my island to a Greek island. Read on! →
Watch me shake my mummer butt. Read on! →
As told by the Flat Earth Society. Read on! →
Some mushy stuff for my end of year wrap-up. Thank you, readers! Read on! →
This blog post contains berries. Read on! →
MY LIFE HAS MEANING AGAIN! Read on! →
Canadians! Drink coffee that tastes like rum. It's just smart. Read on! →
An apocalyptic evening, in photos. Read on! →
My Ugly Stick abilities prove to be an embarrassing fail. Read on! →


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Eric Risberg, File, Associated Press
The death penalty costs an exorbitant amount of money. I think if it were possible to cut all the endless appeals, and keep the lawyers from milking the system for years, the costs would come down. Cruel and unusual punishment is keeping someone locked up in death row for 25 or more years. It's cruel for the inmate and punishment for the taxpayers.
Doug Walters
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sub-Saharan Africans in Israel But then I suppose they're all descendants of one or other of the ten lost tribes...
If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Sunday that he plans to travel to Africa to examine the possibility of returning illegal labor migrants to their home countries.
At the start of the weekly cabinet meeting on Sunday during which a NIS 630 million plan to halt the influx of African migrants and refugees was approved, Netanyahu said that the phenomenon of infiltrators entering Israel via the Sinai Peninsula is a "blow to [Israel's] economy, society, infrastructure, welfare and internal security."
How do you think Israel should tackle illegal immigration? Visit Haaretz.com on Facebook and share your views.
Announcing the government's intention to raise fines for employers who hire illegal workers, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: "If necessary, we will close businesses so that the enterprise called the State of Israel will not shut down."
Netanyahu's trip to Africa is expected to take place in early February 2012. Netanyahu said that the Africans infiltrating into Israel are labor migrants, not refugees.
"We hear the outcry coming from Israel's cities," Netanyahu said. "We will continue to care for refugees, but they make up a minimal part of the human wave flooding. Entire populations are starting to move and, if we don't act to stop this, we will be flooded."
According to data presented at the cabinet meeting, there are currently 52,487 illegal labor migrants in Israel.
The plan approved on Sunday includes speeding up construction to complete a border fence with Egypt within the coming year.
The plan also includes the construction and expansion of detention facilities to hold illegal migrants. Additionally, fines are to be increased on employers who hire illegal migrants.


text:
2007 Volvo XC70 Q&A
2007 Volvo XC70 Question: have a P2178 cel, originally had a P0101 and changed the MAF sensor and O2senso
The car has about 67,000 miles, a P0101 code came up and I changed the MAF sensor, all was good, idle was back to normal and not sluggish. then about 1 week later a P2178 came up. I checked for vacuum leaks and found none. Ran a bottle of Lucas injector cleaner through the tank and then put a new upstream O2 sensor in last weekend and the P2178 code has come back?????? What are next next steps to take? - Boldman200567
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text:
Can cheese harm a man's fertility? Young men who eat more than three slices a day could damage chances of becoming a father
One ounce of cheese, a teaspoon of cream, a scoop of ice cream and a glass of full-fat milk all count as a single portion each
Young men who eat more than three slices of cheese a day may be risking their chances of becoming fathers, according to research.
Even small amounts of full-fat dairy food have been shown to dramatically impair their fertility.
Harvard academics have discovered that men who eat just three portions a day had poorer quality sperm compared to others.
A portion included an ounce of cheese (28g), a teaspoon of cream, a scoop of ice cream or glass of full-fat milk.
The researchers believe that female hormones that occur naturally in milk may be interfering with men's ability to reproduce.
Until recently, experts have been far more concerned with how women's diets are affecting their chanced of having children.
But there is increasing evidence that men's lifestyles – and crucially what they eat – may be just as important.
Scientist from the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, the US, compared the diets of 189 men aged 19 to 25.
None were overweight - they were all very fit and did at least one and a half hour's exercise a week.
They had each filled in a questionnaire answering how often they ate dairy products, fruit, meat and other types of food during a typical week.
The researchers also looked at their sperm including how fast it travelled and its shape.
They found that the sperm of men who ate more than three portions of full-fat dairy food a day was 25 per cent poorer quality than those who had less.
The researchers will present their findings this week at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine's annual conference in San Diego, California.
Myriam Afeiche, who led the study, explained that the female hormone oestrogen in milk that had come from the cow may be affecting men's fertility.
It may also be impaired by pesticides which find their way in to dairy products, she added.
'While it has been suggested that full-fat dairy products may negatively affect semen quality, very few studies have actually examined this question directly.
'The association could be attributed to the high levels of naturally occurring reproductive hormones in commercial dairy products.
'It is also possible that the presence of other compounds in dairy such as pesticides, chlorinated pollutants, and heavy metals could account for this relation.'
But Dr Allan Pacey, fertility expert at the University of Sheffield and Chairman of the British Fertility Society said men should not give up on dairy purely on the basis of this study.
He pointed out that even though the men's fertility had gone down, they wouldn't have any problems conceiving.
'Although it goes down, it doesn't go into the red.'
'A change of that magnitude for a man in a fertility clinic, we wouldn't worry about that.
'What I would say about diets is we don't understand it well enough. I wouldn't want to scare men out of drinking milk.' In a separate study, the same researchers found that young men who ate lots of carbs had a lower sperm count.
They suspect this is because these men are more likely to be obese.
It is already known that obesity impairs fertility by changing the balance of hormones.
You have been warned!
Edited by g@m3b0i, 26 October 2012 - 08:31 PM.


text:
Doctoral student Tim Libert of the Annenberg School for Communication is featured for studying what happens when users look up health-related information online.
Annenberg School for Communication
Video: The Latest Privacy Risk? Looking Up Medical and Drug Information Online
China's New Audience
Monroe Price of the Annenberg School for Communication says, "How China conducts itself as a global citizen is often mo
Self Affirmations Can Be Good for You
Emily Falk of the Annenberg School for Communication is cited for studying how self-affirmations can help with healthy
Audio: How Michele Bachmann Inspired Factcheck.org to Debunk Lies About Science
Kathleen Hall Jamieson of the Annenberg Public Policy Center discusses SciCheck.
Evidence Growing for Pictorial Warnings on Cigarettes
Dan Romer of the Annenberg Public Policy Center contributes his thoughts on graphic warning labels on cigarette packagi
The Fine Line Between News and 'Truthiness'
Dean Michael Delli Carpini of the Annenberg School for Communication contributes an op-ed about "truthiness."
This Method of Positive Thinking Can Make Sticking to Health Habits So Much Easier
Emily Falk of the Annenberg School for Communication is cited for studying the effect of self-affirmation on health adv
Audio: When Science Meets Politics
David Levitan of the Annenberg Public Policy Center's SciCheck is featured.
Audio: FCC Chairman: A Declaration of Independence for the Internet
Victor Pickard of the Annenberg School for Communication says, "As a society, we have to figure out how we regulate this media – what's the social co
Jon Stewart Stepping Down as Host of "The Daily Show"
Dr. Michael X. Delli Carpini Walter H. Annenberg Dean
Annenberg School for Communication
Author of After Broadcast News: Media Regimes, Democracy, and the New Information Environment (Cambridge 2011), Dean Delli Carpini's research focuses on the extent, sources and impact of public deliberation, as well as the causes and consequences of the blurring between news and entertainment.
"We are living in an age in which the role of news is in flux. The news media – the local newspaper and local news or national news is done for all intents and purposes. What is up for grabs right now is what will happen for journalism. It is unimaginable if we lived in a world without journalists, but that is completely distinct now from the industry of news. What is there about the new information environment that we can use to make a better information environment or democracy?"
Joseph J. Diorio, 215-746-1798 or email@example.com


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text: The Epiphany is celebrated in Venezuela in various fashions. Children sing songs and are given gifts on January 6 to mark the Three Kings' visit to the Infant Jesus' manger in Bethlehem. The day is also honored with religious Masses and colorful processions that feature singing and dancing. Some regions, such as San Miguel de Boconó, go all out to mark the Feast of the Three Kings. Townspeople don elaborate costumes and masks and await the arrival of the Three Kings on horseback.


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Auction price: Register or sign-in to see quarterly averages
or visit the Wine Market Journal
Drink between: 2012 - 2025 (Add My Dates)
Best bottle of the lot, this had resolved most of the grainy tannin of a couple of previous bottles. Improved in the decanter for about an hour and then held strong over the course of 5-6 hours. Still not my favorite vintage for Pegau, but certainly solid and not by any means disappointing.
'05 pegau cuvée reservee: Really delicious, silky smooth on the palate, barnyard, garrique, minerality - 94 pts
'05 janasse chaupin: riper, sweeter fruit, licorice, less secondaries, a little heat on the finish. - 94 pts
Both great, just different styles.
Medium red, brown rim; spices, barn, caramel, somewhat lean nose; sweet, slightly smoked/burned, slightly acidic while also rounded with mild tannins; well tasting, quite good
Deep reddish-violet garnet in color almost opaque with some minor clearing at the edges. Full, forward, fragrant & attractive nose of complex, rich, ripe fruits aromas of dark cherries, blackberries & boysenberries with classic garrigue notes, earthy, some licorice, coffee, floral notes, dried herb notes of sage, thyme & mint, dusty, leather, tar, minerals & some cedar. Medium-full to full bodied with a very good concentration of well balanced, complex, smooth textured & well integrated, lush, rich, ripe dark brambly fruit flavors of sweet cherries, blackberries & tart mulberries with spices, herbs, anise, coffee, tar, earthy & minerals. Long lingering finish. Drinks quite well at present with decanting & airing, but has the potential to continue further development with additional aging.
@Fred_Lund: Pegau 2005. It's certainly not Rayas. A bit boring to be honest. Label says 14%, but has to be more. Gets you drunk.


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Share One said the $55 million, 9,200-member Telco Credit Union in Tarboro, N.C., plans to convert to the NewSolution core processing platform from the Memphis, Tenn., CUSO.
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