text:
The active ingredient in TEMPO SC Ultra is beta-cyfluthrin, which is powerful against pests with no odor and less visible residue. TEMPO SC delivers the power of a powder formulation in a liquid, and allows for more even disbursement during application. Tempo SC Ultra effectively controls a broad spectrum of indoor, outdoor, and turf and ornamental pests.
TEMPO SC comes in three sizes:
- 32 mL: makes 2 gallons of finished solution and treats up to 2,000 sq. ft.
- Easy to use - mix with 2 gallons of water and spray
- 32 mL size is labeled for use in and around barns, horse stables and animal quarters - see label for details
- 32 mL is not labeled for use in and around residential areas
- 240 mL: makes up to 30 gallons of finished solution and treats up to 30,000 sq. ft.
- 900 mL: makes up to 112 gallons of finished solution and treats up to 112,000 sq. ft.
|Active Ingredient:
|beta-Cyfluthrin 11.8%
|Target pests:
|indoor (crack and crevice) and outdoor pests, pantry pests. See label for detailed list.
|Pet safe:
|Yes, after product dries.
|Can not be sold to NY, SC, AK, CT, VT
|Manufactured By:
Product Documents
Tempo SC Ultra effectively controls over 100 different types of indoor, outdoor, turf and ornamental insect pests. Tempo SC Ultra is a suspension concentrate that delivers the power of a powder formulation in a liquid. It's easy to use too-less messy to handle, needs less agitation and is more evenly dispersed during application than other products. Tempo SC Ultra has no odor, is non-staining, and has a long lasting residual of up to 3 months. Some microencapsulated formulas may seem less expensive than Tempo SC Ultra- until you actually use them. But Tempo SC Ultra has a higher insect mortality rate, so you don't waste time and money on retreating areas.
Indoor Application:
For indoor applications using a hand sprayer mix 8 ml-16 ml of Tempo concentrate into one (1) gallon of water and apply as a spot, crack, crevice, and perimeter spray wherever insect pests are found to nest, forage or harbor. (always completely read and follow product label)
Outdoor Application:
For outdoor applications using a hand sprayer, mix 8 ml-16 ml of Tempo concentrate into one (1) gallon of water. Spray finished solution around perimeter of structure including door frames and window frames. For more complete instructions on outdoor applications for turf and ornamental insect pests please refer to the product label.
Tips for Use
* For maximum perimeter control of pests with Tempo Ultra SC, treat the soil, turf and substrate adjacent to buildings.
* Also treat the building foundation, walls, around doors, windows, and soffit areas.
* Because mulch and pine straw make control of perimeter pests more difficult, you should rake back before application with Tempo Ultra SC, wherever possible.
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80 of 83 people found this review helpful:
Outstanding Product!!! NO MORE ROACHES!!!!
By Lou in Louisiana on February 24, 2011
Verified Purchase
Our house had a cockroach problem for about 4 years. Tried two different national name exterminator companies, paying approximately $350 a year. Roaches would be found dead after exterminator visit, but after about 2 months live roaches would come back and I didn't understand why. I heard about this product from a retired exterminator friend and he told me how to use it. I ended my exterminator contract and decided to do my own exterminating. I mix between 8-16 mls in a 1 gallon sprayer (can get sprayer at any garden center for about $15.00). I spray completely around the foundation of my house; approx 6-8 inches high and 6-8 inches out from the house. I also spray the cracks in the windows and doors and use a lower concentration in my house. I started using this in 2006 and have not seen a live roach in my house since!! I spray 2 times a year, usually June (when roaches come out) and January. I pay approx $45.00 per bottle and have only gone through 2 bottles in 5 years. That's $90.00 in 5 years versus $350 each year. You can't beat this product!!!!
62 of 67 people found this review helpful:
Great product!
By Dwight on March 5, 2007
I use Tempo SC Ultra for general residential pest control. Have used for 4-5 years with terrific success. Great product!
55 of 57 people found this review helpful:
Great Stuff!
By Mary in Gilbertsville, KY on August 5, 2010
Verified Purchase
I have used Tempo SC Ultra for 2 years now and I absolutely love it! It has no chemical odor, kills on contact and also has residual power. I hate spiders and spiders hate Tempo SC Ultra...That is my primary use for it but it takes care of all my insect problems. I live near a large lake and the insect population is high. I use it about once a month from March through November around the house foundation, in the garage and in the crawl space. I find lots of bugs - but they are DEAD ones! Mary Lou Gilbertsville, Ky
52 of 54 people found this review helpful:
Instant Results and Safe for Chickens!
By Jamie in Southern Nevada on October 19, 2010
We have chickens so we were trying to use whatever pet/environmentally friendly solutions we could to fight off the bugs. Some of these worked for a while but over time it got to the point where I couldn't even step onto the back patio without dodging roaches, crickets and all other assortment of pests. They were getting into our house through crevices and I just couldn't take it anymore! My dad recommended this stuff and we broke down and purchased it and sprayed the same day it arrived in the mail. We were careful to lock our chickens up before we did. In the morning we walked out onto our patio and found hundreds of dead roaches, crickets and spiders. It was really quite disgusting, but very effective. We cleaned them up before letting the chickens out so they wouldn't eat them. However after we let them out they still found several dead ones that we'd missed so we watched the chickens, fearing that they'd get sick but they never did. For the next several days we threw their eggs away until we felt like the pesticide had all passed. Now we're bug free and the chickens are fine. I highly recommend this product to anyone with bug problems, particularly if you have pets.
35 of 38 people found this review helpful:
Tired of Carpenter Ants in Oklahoma
By Chris in Owasso, Oklahoma on May 19, 2010
I used different kinds of ant killer with no success. I tried Tempo SC Ultra one time and the ants are gone. I spent more money on insecticides that didn't work than 1 bottle of Tempo cost. This stuff is AWESOME !!!!!!!
Very good product!
By 0351rocket in OKC on June 15, 2015
Verified Purchase
I've used this now for 2 years...around house/shed foundations. Excellent residual throughout the seasons. Gets them all including this earwig epidemic!! Thanks.
Tempo SC
By John in el dorado on June 14, 2015
Verified Purchase
Great product. I used it to eliminate cockroaches at a friends house. We have used it around our home for a number of years and never have had a bug or insect problem.
tempo sc ultra
By Tom in defiance ohio on June 12, 2015
Verified Purchase
i have been using this for about two years. it seems to work really good. kills flies and ants. and hundreds of other critters. you can buy it here for half the price as tsc stores. really good stuff. not sure if there is a better product out there so will stick to this on for now.
By Diane in kaufman tx on June 10, 2015
Verified Purchase
great product at a great price and free shipping!!!
Good Product
By Jim in White Bird, Idaho on April 19, 2015
Verified Purchase
Received the product in just a few days from the purchase date. Have been using this product for a few years to prevent ants from entering my home. I had a perpetual problem with them until I started spraying Tempo around the perimeter of the house every 2 weeks. The label indicates the residual will last longer than that but I don't take any chances. Haven't had an ant in the house since and as a side benefit has practically eliminated any spiders as well.
1 of 1 people found this review helpful:
Tempo SC
By Dennis in Casa Grande, AZ on March 26, 2015
An excellent product with excellent results!
1 of 1 people found this review helpful:
best that I have found
By Raymond in Longdale, Ok. on March 11, 2015
Verified Purchase
I have used this product for over a year and have had great results . I highly recommend it.
By Joe in Kerrville, TX on January 22, 2015
Got my package quickly and accurately. Great seller!
3 of 4 people found this review helpful:
Tempo SC Utra
By Dena in Baltimore City, Maryland on January 17, 2015
Verified Purchase
I thought the product was really good. Certainly time will tell but the exterminator came yesterday and gave us the all clear. I mixed it spray container, the sprayed bedboard, boxspring, base of floor, enterance only to room. Did the head board of bed. cease in side table. He saw no signs of bed bugs and that is what I wanted to hear. I used it twice since he was original here. The instruction were good once I found them because they looked like the label to me but you pull it off and unfold it.
6 of 7 people found this review helpful:
Amazing Product!
By Bob in Carrollton, Texas on December 17, 2014
Verified Purchase
I sprayed our entire first floor as well as the outside concrete foundation of our house. I obtained the product to use primarily in our kitchen for water bugs and cockroaches. Within 30 minutes of spraying as per the directions I had water bugs were coming out of places I didn't know they could hide. The chemical penetrated their bodies and they were rolling over on their backs and barely moving and eventually died. The next day there were approximately 30 more on the floor and all were dead. I sprayed the entire first floor again a week later as per instruction suggestions and not a live bug was found during the spraying or after. So apparently the 1st application did its job well. I doubled the dosage both times at my discretion. Probably didn't need to do this, but the instructions suggested to increase dosage to insure a quicker kill. I am 66 years old and have never used a chemical that killed bugs that quickly and lasts!
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March 21, 2010
QIs Tempo SC Ultra safe to use around dogs and in the house?
ATempo SC Ultra is considered a general use insecticide and is labeled for outside and inside use. It is odorless, and very safe to use around children or pets. The general rule is that while spraying you keep children or pets in another room or outside to play. After about one hour it should be dry and it is perfectly safe to allow kids and/or pets back in the room. This product is only strong enough to kill tiny insects, and would have no effect on animals when used correctly.
March 16, 2012
Brad from Florence, Az asked:
QDoes Tempo SC kill bed bugs and bed bug eggs?
ATempo SC is labeled to for bedbugs and will kill active bedbugs but it is not labeled to kill bedbug eggs. Most products cannot penetrate the exterior of the egg and are not effective at killing bedbug eggs. We do carry a couple of products that are labeled to kill bedbug eggs. Bedlam and Sterifab are labeled to kill all stages of bedbugs including eggs. You should note that even products that are labeled to kill bedbug eggs are not able to kill 100% of the eggs and you will still be required to do follow up treatments every 7-10 days until no further evidence (bites, blood stains, cast skins, fecal deposits) of bedbugs is noticed.
August 8, 2009 Dennis asked:
QDoes Tempo SC Ultra kill spiders?
AYes, Tempo SC Ultra is labeled to kill spiders. Spiders are very difficult to control and most residual insecticides like Tempo SC Ultra will kill any spider that it is physically sprayed on, but new spiders entering the area are very difficult for any insecticide to control. This is because spiders bodies are high off of the ground and they do not groom their legs like other insects do. How these products mainly control spiders is that they kill the spiders prey (other insects), and if there is no food around, then the spiders will either starve to death or move on.
August 8, 2010 John asked:
QWhat is the shelf life of Tempo SC Ultra?
ATempo SC Ultra will last for about 3-5 years in the bottle. Insecticides should be stored at room temperature and out of direct sunlight.
July 28, 2010 John asked:
QWill Tempo SC Ultra kill grasshoppers, and does it have a residual effect?
AYes, Tempo SC will kill grasshoppers and it will leave a residual of about 4 weeks outdoors and about 3 months indoors. Be sure to read and follow the product label to be sure you are using the correct concentration in the areas you need to treat.
May 29, 2015
Mike from Bradley, Okla asked:
QCan Tempo SC Ultra be used on hay?
A Tempo SC Ultra cannot be applied to hay or other feedstuff per the product label.
May 19, 2015
Tina from Muncie asked:
QI got Tempo SC Ultra all over my hands.
A According to the label if you get it on your skin you must rinse your skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes and take off any contaminated clothing.
May 19, 2015
Tina from Muncie asked:
QWhat if we did not wait for this to dry ?
A According to the product label for Tempo SC Ultra, people and pets should stay out of the treated area until the product has dried. If you did re-enter the area before the product had a chance to dry, we recommend that you contact the manufacturer at 1-800-842-8020 to see what action needs to be taken.
May 17, 2015
Karen from Bratenahl, Ohio asked:
QMidge Control
We have swarms of millions of midges that look like massive clouds. they stick to your house get into the house th rough the screens and cover the car. Is there anything I can spray to destroy this mass invasion before it happens besides keep lights down. It is awful.
Biting midges do generally not enter structures, but midges are small enough to get through 16 mesh screens. Getting mesh screens with a higher number can keep these and other very tiny insects out of your home. Since non-biting midges are attracted to lights, draw your shades at night and wait as long as possible to turn on exterior lights to keep them away from your home. It is nearly impossible to affect the habitat of these pests, and pesticides are not recommended to control these pests in water or mud.
Our experts recommend using a pyrethrin spray such as 565 Plus or Microcare to get rid of the adult midges in or around your home. Spraying a product such as Tempo SC Ultra on window screens, doors, bushes, and plants around your home can act as midge repellant to keep midges away. Citronella candles or oils can act as a midge repellant, but aren't as effective when used alone.
May 12, 2015
Rob from Donalsonville Georgia asked:
QWill Tempo SC Ultra kill termites?
Tempo SC Ultra will eradicate those above ground termites but will not replace a soil applicaiton or wood treatment. If you are treating for termites we recommend a soil treatment for subterranean termites with a non-repellent termiticide such as Termidor SC. Bora-Care can be applied to raw wood for treating drywood termites. Please read our Termite Treatment Article for more information.
May 8, 2015
Tracy from Clinton, Oklahoma asked:
QWill the Tempo SC still work if it was mixed in the sprayer and left outside to freeze?
I had the tempo already mixed up in the sprayer, it got left outside and froze, I'm wondering if it will still work?
A No, the diluted Tempo SC Ultra would not be any good. Tempo SC Ultra should not be stored for longer than 24 hours once it has been mixed with water.
May 2, 2015
Josh from Justin Tx asked:
QHow many ml of Tempo SC Ultra per gallon for outside use?
-Tempo SC Ultra can be mixed at 8-16 ml per gallon depending on what insect you are treating. Please refer to the product label for complete application instructions.
April 28, 2015
Aaron from Tx asked:
QI've experience an abundance of rain. Does the ground near the home need to be completely dry before applying?
I'm using this to control red imported fire ants. I'd like to spray directly on mounds as well but the rain hasn't stopped much.
A It states directly from the label to apply this product in calm weather when rian in not predicted for the next 24 hours that will help to ensure that wind or rain does not blow or wash pesticide off the treatment area.
April 25, 2015
Debbie from Florence Wi asked:
QDoes Tempo kill grubs?
A Tempo is not labeled to treat grubs. Please see our Grub Contol page for products to treat for Grubs.
April 22, 2015
Latrice from Douglasville, Ga asked:
QCan you use Tempo SC Ultra for carpenter bees?
I've used this product in the past for wasp, but not sure what to use for carpenter bees and where you should spray for carpenter bees.
A Tempo SC Ultra will help to kill and deter carpenter bees from nesting in a treated area. Apply directly to areas where the bees have been seen or found and other resting areas as a residual surface treatment.


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Now Serving Fresh Kernels: Linux.com Store Launches
ROSE Blog: Rikki's Open Source Exchange
Linux.com is launching a new online store, which includes t-shirts, baby onesies, stickers, and coffee mugs. According to the announcement:
All revenue generated from the Linux.com Store will go directly towards Linux Foundation activities, events and strategic initiatives. The Linux Foundation uses funds from a variety of revenue streams to support the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and to sustain important services such as technical events; travel grants for open source community members; a vendor-neutral forum for projects such as MeeGo; and free training resources direct from the kernel community; among others.
I commend them for having an ear of corn on the "Fresh Kernels" design. It's not every day that you find a shirt that says both "farm fresh" and "geek".
Although there are many shirt designs available on the Linux.com site, there's only one t-shirt cut/style available right now. (But maybe with enough demand they'll add some other t-shirt styles to the mix.)
In addition to the t-shirt designs online now, the Linux Foundation is looking for new designs. If you have a clever design idea to throw into the mix, you can submit your idea to the design contest – the community votes, then you get fame and recognition.comments powered by Disqus
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
NoScript Flaw
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.

subset: commoncrawl


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Peppy, when you said that were you lookin in a mirror ? Just curious.
Sickening..what if Black running away was a Somolli HeadHunter from ISIS and he had just beheaded six Christians, Then we would be pixxerd he did not shoot
So now we have to give the protected class of Blacks an exemption when running from the law...this is sickening we have to go through this for a person who had no value to society
they won't let me post the truth on afroAmerica


text:
COLUMBIA CITY — Cutting-edge technology, specializing in military and law enforcement support, could be making its way to Whitley County.
Alan Tio, president of Whitley County's Economic Development Corporation, told Whitley County Commissioners and Council members earlier this week that a new company is considering the county as its home.
PIERCETON — Technology has been a focus for Whitko Community School Corporation this school year.
As plans and designs are finalized for the new Pierceton Elementary School and renovated South Whitley Elementary School, incorporating technology has been a priority.
During the past decade, school libraries have taken a shift from simply housing rows of books to adding computer workstations and learning labs.
Whitko schools will be constructing technology quads that offers instruction in an environment far from the traditional school library.
COLUMBIA CITY — Identification for those found dead in a house fire in Coesse Thursday morning will not be released until after the weekend, Whitley County Coroner Randy Dellinger said Friday.
Officials are working to obtain a positive identification before releasing information to the public.
Dellinger said the bodies of the two men have been moved to Indianapolis, where officials will be performing a DNA match with those believed to be in the home at the time of the fire.
COLUMBIA CITY — March is Disabilities Awareness Month and Passages Inc., has planned several events to celebrate its clients.
Passages, Inc., a Whitley County nonprofit, works to help local residents with intellectual disabilities, and other challenges, to thrive in the community.
Having been a long-standing service in the community, Passages' leaders are passionate about the difference the organization has been making for the past 60 years.
A water main break has occurred at Ind. 205, in front of Parkview Whitley Hospital. City officials ask for residents and drivers to avoid the area.
The hospital is fully operational and fully accessible. The hospital has a back-up well that services the entire facility, and allows it to seamlessly switch to this whenever the city water pressure drops or water service is lost all together.
COLUMBIA CITY — With an emphasis on public relations, Columbia City's Police Department announced out eight awards to seven officers Thursday afternoon.
"We are trying to make positive strides with public relations," said CCPD Chief Tim Longenbaugh.
The awards were presented by Longenbaugh and Captain Tony Hively.
Officer Jon Stoffel was awarded a Patrolman Medal for heading up the department's Patrolling for Presents program, which provided several local children with presents for Christmas.
Northern Heights Elementary School's third graders have been studying plants and seeds with Abbey Bradley from the Merry Lea Environmental Center of Goshen College. Children have learned what seeds do and what they need in order to germinate. Students played the "act like a seed" game where they acted like a seed through the different seasons. Children then prepared seeds to germinate. They also learned to identify the different parts of a plant and how a plants' needs are different than a seed.
COLUMBIA CITY (March 7, 2014) -- A water main break has occurred at Ind. 205, in front of Parkview Whitley Hospital. City officials ask for residents and drivers to avoid the area. Water will be off for the area including subdivisions Eagle Glen and Irish Glen as well as the Peabody Public Library.
See Saturday's Post & Mail for more coverage.
Get out your camera phones and shoot a selfie! The Post & Mail would like Whitley County residents to email their selfie pics for a special Saturday feature promoting area people.
Selfies can include you and a friend or family member. Those who submit photos must be willing to accept a reply message that includes 10 quick questions that require a couple of short answers. Your photo and your answers will be published in a weekend issue of The Post & Mail. This is a fantastic way to highlight the great people that make up Whitley County.
Union Township firefighters Aaron Oliver (left) and Justin Whaley (right) use a flare to thaw a water connection on their fire truck Thursday morning. Crews were on the scene of a fatal house fire in Coesse for several hours, and many of their tools and hoses froze in single-digit temperatures.


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January 29th, 2013
Thread: CHOW #315 :: The Royal Familyby Eikoae
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Here is my concept. I wanted to do something a...
Here is my concept.
I wanted to do something a little... different. I hope it still fits within the guidelines. My idea is that the Queen of Diamonds rules this realm which is sustained by the...
November 3rd, 2012
Thread: Umbravita's Little Thread of Progressby Eikoae
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SketchBook: Hi! I wanted to pop in and check out your...
Hi! I wanted to pop in and check out your sketchbook. I think that you're doing REALLY great. I'm seeing a lot of movement and expression in your beginning posts, and I like that you're pushing...
November 1st, 2012
Thread: Breadcrumbs ~ Sketchwork of Aliby Eikoae
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SketchBook: So, I've been doing some pencil studies! I...
So, I've been doing some pencil studies! I haven't scanned them in yet, but they'll be up here soon. For now, I started working on a photo reference study of a cute little bird. It's not done yet,...
Results 1 to 3 of 3


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Have you been looking for details about Charlotte Landrum in Lumberton, MS? If so you just got lucky because USA People Search is excellent at presenting people search data such as address, marriage records, and criminal records for people like Charlotte Landrum. Furthermore, with so much data about people with the last name Landrum in Lumberton in our database, you will definitely find the person you are searching for.
To make it simple for all our users to locate the specific Charlotte in MS they are searching for, we have organized all our information into four main sections – name/aliases, age, location and possible relatives. This will allow users to quickly scan all the people with the last name Landrum below and choose the right match. Once you find the Charlotte Landrum you are searching for, click on the View Details link on the right side for more information.
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text:
Black Brown 1826 Long Sleeve Capulet Check Plaid Shirt
We're sorry, this item has sold out. However, we have found some other items you may like. You can find those listed at right.
The timelessly casual plaid button-down, updated with modern contrast detailing inside the cuff and collar. Pairs perfectly with jeans and khakis.
- Button front
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- 100% Cotton
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- Imported
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Shipping your purchase is easy on belk.com. Depending on the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days. Shipping Information
Returns are easy on belk.com. Easy returns
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text:
More than Just a Holy Diet
Fasting and prayer are often mentioned together in the Bible. Prayer takes on new meaning when you're weak enough that you sometimes feel the wind might blow you over. It is a physical manifestation of a spiritual reality: We are husks of nothingness without God.
While I was fasting, the lines between spiritual and physical realities blurred. The Hebrew word that's translated "soul" in the Old Testament actually means "breath." The ancient Israelites didn't have the distinction between mind and matter (or spirit and body) that we do today. We got that from Greek philosophy.
We run into problems when we make the soul all-important and the body totally insignificant. When we forget that our bodies matter, we live lopsided lives. We forget to rest. We forget that our very cells are holy and that the clearest word God's ever spoken came to us as a body with red blood and breakable bones. The spiritual intersects profoundly with the physical.
Our souls are all tangled up in our bodies, and when I fast, I know this. I become more aware of each small physical thing and each small spiritual thing, and that they are not so separate as I once believed.
This devotion is adapted from an article on RELEVANTmagazine.com.
Talk About It
Do you fast regularly? Determine a time to do so in the next week.
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3 Comments
thanks for this reminder. i haven't fasted in a while, and now i am challenged to do so soon.


text:
WHITE PLAINS, N.Y. – Jeff Greenstein, of White Plains, won $68,000 Monday afternoon on "Who Wants to be a Millionaire."
The high school math teacher at Riverdale Country School in the Bronx answered eight questions correctly and used two "Jump the Question" lifelines to make it to the second round of questions. There are four questions in round two, which are increasingly difficult and worth more money.
The first question of round two was: The Isle of Man is a self-governing dependency located off the coast of what country? Unsure of the answer and without lifelines, Greenstein decided to walk away with the money he had earned in round one. If he had guessed incorrectly, his winnings would have been cut back to $25,000. The answer was England.
The Livingston native said in a release that he would like to buy a home in Westchester and that his winnings would go toward that purchase. He also would like to plan an extra-special trip to Disney World, where he and his wife, Dana, go every year. He proposed to his wife during a visit to Disney World, according to the release.
For inspiration, Greenstein said he watched a YouTube clip of first "Millionaire" winner John Carpenter's performance on the show.
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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Doctor Thorne (1858)
by Anthony Trollope
Top Five Books of 2013 (1,609)
Another delightful book in the Barsetshire Chronicles series. I love the gentle sarcasm of the stories and the wonderful names Trollope gives his characters: Dr. Fillgrave, publican Readypalm, Miss Gushing who became Mrs. Rantaway, and the attorneys Bideawhile and Slow. They remind me somewhat of books by Jane Austen (which I also adore). Pure enjoyment.
The story of illegitimate Mary Thorne, who is brought up by her uncle (Dr Thorne), and who falls in love with the son of the local squire, Frank Gresham. Frank falls in love with her back, but his parents want him to marry money, since they have mismanaged the estate so badly. I found this novel rather tiresome: there were endless discussions of what "good blood" the Gresham line was and whether it was appropriate for them to marry people "in trade", let alone an illegitimate woman. There was far less humour than I expect from a Trollope novel and about two-thirds of the way through I just wanted Frank to shut up about his plight, go out and get a proper job and marry Mary already. Everything seemed to drag and the same dilemmas were rehearsed over and over again.
Frank's father and sisters are, we are told endlessly, very fond of Mary, but they treat her disgracefully. Mary (and indeed Frank and Dr Thorne too) are a bit lacking in the personality department, although, on the other hand, Lady Arabella and Miss Dunstable were great characters. The story of Augusta, Mr Gazebee and Lady Amelia was a nice touch. I know it was intended to be history repeating itself, but the deaths of Sir Roger and then his son were dealt with at greater length than seemed necessary.
Overall, I was confused about what Trollope was saying about marriage and money and birth. The doctor is described as very proud of his birth and yet he brings Mary up in ignorance of her true circumstances, allows her to run around with the squire's children and to think of herself as a lady. What did he intend for her? If she had not so conveniently become an heiress, should she have married Frank? Should Frank have been told of her parentage before he proposed for the first time? Was he right to say it made no difference (or did he really mean that it was too late?
(29) This is really the first one of Trollope's novels that I definitively enjoyed. In my opinion, the best of the Barchester novels thus far. But my goodness, they take me forever to read. Seems an innocent not quite 500pg novel; but the font is tiny. These novels take me weeks to get through.
We are outside of the cathedral city now with an entirely new cast of characters. Barely a passing mention of the Grantlys, the deanery, the Warden, etc.. I found Dr. Thorne, Mary Thorne and all the Greshams much more interesting. Maybe because it was a bit more Austenesque than the other novels that seemed to be about church politics (yawn.)
Typical Trollope with his asides to the reader and his mentions of himself as an author of a story. A bit repetitive and drawn out but I am getting used to his style. Nobody dies with one bout of illness here or professes their love awkwardly a single time - these scenes are repeated with a bit of variation again and again. But I loved the ending here and was so proud of Frank and Dr. Thorne (corny, I know.) In real life motives are rarely so pure.
All in all, I feel as if I am finally into this series and perhaps will look forward to the next one. I am curious to see how all our characters would interact when thrown together. 'Upon my word, I just can not imagine . .. '
Reading Doctor Thorne has reminded me why I usually enjoy reading classic fiction written in the nineteenth century, rather than historical fiction set in the same period. In my experience, while historical authors frequently get the practical details of their time period right, the opinions expressed are too often those of the twenty-first century. And in Anthony Trollope's Doctor Thorne, which as well as being a simple love story, is essentially a discussion of class and money, and how much the need for one overrides the desire for the other when choosing a marriage partner, the very different attitudes of the nineteenth century are very apparent. But rather merely accepting one set of attitudes,
Trollope looks at them, and questions them, quite closely, which makes this a much more thoughtful book than the plot would suggest.
The beginnings of the story of Dr Thorne lie more than twenty years before the period in which the book is set, when Dr Thorne's wilder brother seduces the sister of a stonemason in the town of Barchester, who was on the brink of marriage to a respectable tradesman.
The woman, Mary Scatcherd, becomes pregnant and when her brother Roger discovers the fact he attacks and kills the seducer in a drunken rage, and is imprisoned for manslaughter. When Mary's baby is born she is seemingly destitute, but her previous suitor announces that he will marry her after all, and emigrate to America with her, if she will only leave the baby. So Dr Thorne, very much against the norms of the day, and against his own principles that blood is everything, offers to take the baby and being her up as his legitimate niece.
So in twenty years time Mary Thorne is the acknowledged niece of Dr Thorne, living in the village of Greshambury where her history is unknown, and is halfway to being in love with Frank Gresham, the son of the local squire. But Frank's father has been building up debt after debt on his estate and it is absolutely essential in the eyes of his family, and in the eyes of the world, that Frank should marry money. And even without the debts it is surely impossible that a Gresham of Greshambury should marry a girl who is illegitimate... And meanwhile the outraged brother, of twenty years ago, Roger Scatcherd, has prospered enormously after his release from prison and has built up a very large fortune indeed ...
The plot is a little obvious with this one, but it's enjoyable none the less. I was a little surprised to have the characters from The Warden and Barchester Towers make very fleeting appearances indeed: Dr Thorne could be read as a stand alone book with no difficulty at all.
This series just keeps getting better and better and for me, this one was the best so far. As much as I enjoyed the social commentary in the first two, it was refreshing to step away from the debate over who would be the new town Warden.
In this novel Doctor Thorne's brother leaves his illegitimate child in the Doctor's care upon his death. The Doctor raises her as his own daughter. As Mary Thorne grows up she spends many of her days playing with the wealthy Gresham children. Years later Mary and Frank, the only Gresham son, fall in love but he is told by his controlling mother, Lady Arabella that he must marry for money to save the family estate.
Scatcherd is Mary's uncle on the other side of her family (her mother's brother). He starts off as a lowly stonemason, but rises to power as he becomes wealthy. As the Greshams sink farther and farther into debt, Scatcherd's control of their property increases. Upon his death he plans to leave his vast wealth and the Gresham's home to his son, but if his degenerate son passes away everything will go to his next closet relative, who happens to be Mary.
As a novel progressed I began to realize that it was an interesting combination of "Pride and Prejudice," "Persuasion," and "Great Expectations." Mary and Frank's relationship mirrors the first. Frank's entire family reminded me of Darcy and Bingley's extended clan. Even though they all love Mary, they discourage the match because she isn't a suitable wife for Frank. There's also Frank's sister who turns down a proposal because her cousin tells her it's unacceptable, which brought "Persuasion" to mind. The tidy full-circle plot which features an orphan reminded me of Dickens. This is not to say that Doctor Thorne is a recreation of any other novel. The book just reminded me of some of my favorites in a very positive way.
Dr. Thorne is such a moral man and he has such strong protective feelings for his niece. Even though he could secure her future by sharing her potential wealth as an heiress, he wants Frank and his family to love her for who she is, regardless of whether she is rich or poor. That's why this is truly Doctor Thorne's story and not Frank or Mary's. Doctor Thorne is trapped in the midst of this impossible situation and every decision he makes is with Mary's best interest at heart. He is the best kind of man.
BOTTOM LINE: Unlike the previous two books, this one was an unabashed love story. The exploration of social standing and class are so beautifully written you can't help but root for Frank and Mary throughout the book. This has definitely been my absolute favorite of the Barchester books so far.
"There is no road to wealth so easy and respectable as that of matrimony."
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0140433260, Paperback)Son of a bankrupt landowner, Frank Gresham is intent on marrying his beloved Mary Thorne, despite her illegitimacy and apparent poverty. Frank's ambitious mother and haughty aunt are set against the match, however, and push him to save the family's mortgaged estate by making a good marriage to a wealthy heiress. Only Mary's loving uncle, Dr Thorne, knows the secret of her birth and the fortune she is to inherit that will make her socially acceptable in the eyes of Frank's family - but the high-principled doctor believes she should be accepted on her own terms. A telling examination of the relationship between society, money and morality, "Dr Thorne" (1858) is enduringly popular for Trollope's affectionate depiction of rural English life and his deceptively simple portrayal of human nature.
(retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 13:44:48 -0400)
Thorne's brother seduced the sister of a Greshambury stonemason and was killed by him. Thorne adopts the child of this liaison, but keeps secret the circumstances of her birth. Later, she meets and falls in love with the heir to the Greshambury estate.… (more)
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Shrek the Musical on Tour
Running Time
2 hours and 30 minutes, with one intermission
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Shrek the Musical Videos
by Stage Tube - Dec 1, 2014
Bainbridge Performing Arts will stage MONTY PYTHON'S SPAMALOT, presented by Merrill Lynch Wealth Maangement and opening December 5. Lovingly ripped off from the classic film comedy 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail,' SPAMALOT retells the legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table- featuring cows, killer rabbits, and a Diva to end all divas. Click below to watch a promo for the show! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Nov 10, 2014
Tony winner Sutton Foster, who recently wed Ted Griffin, will be featured on this week's episode of TLC's long-running series SAY YES TO THE DRESS, airing Nov. 14. Below, check out a FIRST LOOK at her appearance! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Nov 2, 2014
Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA tour has been underway for almost a month, starring Paige Faure in the title role, and they just released a performance video of Aymee Garcia and the ensemble singing 'Stepsister's Lament.' Check out the clip below! (more...)
by BroadwayWorld TV - Oct 27, 2014
Cinderella just launched its First National Tour in Providence, RI, at the Providence Performing Arts Center earlier this month, starring Paige Faure in the title role, and ready to sweep Cinderella off her feet, Andy Jones in role of Prince Topher. BroadwayWorld brings you highlights of teh cast in action below! (more...)
by TV News Desk - Oct 2, 2014
Below, check out the first official trailer for Sutton Foster's new TV Land series YOUNGER, premiering January 13, 2015! (more...)
by BroadwayWorld TV - Sep 28, 2014
Cinderella launches its First National Tour in Providence, RI, at the Providence Performing Arts Center on Friday October 10, 2014 ,and the cast and creative team is hard at work making final preparations. In the exclusive video below, BroadwayWorld's Richard Ridge takes you inside the fitting room with six-time Tony Award winner William Ivey Long and Cinderella herself, Paige Faure. Go behind the scenes of the magical costume fitting below! (more...)
by BroadwayWorld TV - Sep 26, 2014
Cinderella launches its First National Tour in Providence, RI, at the Providence Performing Arts Center on Friday October 10, 2014, starring Paige Faure in the title role, and ready to sweep Cinderella off her feet, Andy Jones in role of Prince Topher. The company just met the press and BroadwayWorld's Richard Ridge was on hand to chat with the full company about the show. Check out what they had to say, plus watch a special performance preview of 'The Prince Is Giving a Ball' and 'Ten Minutes Ago' below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Sep 19, 2014
Funny or Die just unveiled a new short film called THE NOBODIES by Greg Bratman and Dusty Brown, with Broadway's Sutton Foster in a starring role! Click below to check out her performance alongside Jim Gaffigan, Tony Hale, Jack McBrayer, Ellie Kemper and Tommy Dewey. (more...)
by Stage Tube - Sep 2, 2014
The UK and Ireland tour of Shrek the Musical® premiered Wednesday 30 July at the Grand Theatre in Leeds then launches in Bristol, Nottingham, Belfast, Dublin, Oxford, Manchester, Aberdeen, Canterbury, Newcastle, Birmingham, Glasgow, Sheffield, Norwich, Southampton, Plymouth and Milton Keynes with further venues still to be announced. Check out a first look at the brand new trailer below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Aug 21, 2014
The hilarious musical La Cage aux Folles, featuring the bawdy humor of Harvey Fierstein and the melodic genius ofJerry Herman, is the final show in the 2014 Music Circus season at the Wells Fargo Pavilion, the 64th season for the venerable Sacramento institution. Performances are August 19 - 24. Check out a first look below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Aug 18, 2014
On Monday, August 4th, Broadway Sings for The Trevor Project was held at Metropolitan Room. Performers included Marisha Wallace (Disney's Aladdin) singing 'Titanium,' Brian Craft (Avenue Q, Revival of LMPC) singing 'Caught in the Storm,' Rachel Lorin (Recording Artist, Star of Oxygen's The Next Big Thing) singing 'Faithfully', Brian Detlefs (Trails: the Musical) singing 'Coda,' and Ashton Foster (You're Really Not Helping) singing 'Stay,' Gavin Rohrer (Revival of LMPC). (more...)
by Stage Tube - Jul 9, 2014
Chicago Shakespeare Theater (CST) brings the humor and magic of Dr. Seuss to life onstage this summer for young audiences and their families in the Broadway musical comedy Seussical. Playful, energetic and full of whimsy, Seussical engages the imagination with clever lyrics and melodies, unforgettable characters and the colorful world of Dr. Seuss. Seussical is written by the Tony Award®-winning team of Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty, whose works include Ragtime, Once on This Island and the current Broadway production of Rocky, The Musical. Eric Idle of Monty Python and Spamalot fame co-conceived the musical. Directed by Scott Weinstein with musical direction by Michael Mahler, Seussical will be performed July 5 through August 17 in CST's Courtyard Theater. Every performance features special opportunities for audiences to interact with the actors for one-on-one conversations and photo opportunities. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, CST partners with the Chicago Children's Museum (CCM) to offer hands-on craft activities in CST's Lobby. Check out highlights below! (more...)
by TV News Desk - Jun 10, 2014
Sutton Foster will star in the new TV Land series YOUNGER, co-starring Hilary Duff, Debi Mazar, and Miriam Shor. (more...)
by Stage Tube - May 28, 2014
In the season six finale of IN FOCUS, host Eden Lane follows the company of 'Shrek the Musical' at Boulder's Dinner Theatre from the first rehearsal to opening night. Check it out below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - May 2, 2014
Join Bainbridge Performing Arts for the laugh-out-loud racy hit Avenue Q, running May 9 - 25, a hilarious envelope-pushing modern musical focusing on a group of unique 20-somethings making their way in the big city to seek their purpose in life. Although the show addresses humorous adult issues, it is similar to a beloved children's show; a place where puppets are friends, monsters are good, and life lessons are learned. Click below to watch a fun trailer for the show! (more...)
by BroadwayWorld TV - Apr 10, 2014
In celebration of their 30th Anniversary, Drury Lane Theatre, 100 Drury Lane, presents the legendary musical LES MISERABLES, now running through June 8, 2014. Check out a first look below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Apr 2, 2014
I Can't Sing! The X Factor Musical opened just last week on March 26 at the London Palladium. Irreverent, mischievous, packed full of side-splittingly funny songs and eye-popping sets, I CAN'T SING! is the irrepressible new musical comedy that goes behind the microphones and under the judges' desks to reveal big bust-ups, huge voices and the cutest young love story the West End has ever seen. Today, the production has released an all new trailer - check it out below! (more...)
by BroadwayWorld TV - Apr 1, 2014
Prospect Theater Company is currently presenting the New York premiere of Jasper in Deadland, a new musical with book by Hunter Foster and Ryan Scott Oliver, and music and lyrics by Oliver, and starring Matt Doyle. Performances continue through April 13 at the West End Theatre in the Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew. BroadwayWorld brings you highlights below! (more...)
by Stage Tube - Mar 17, 2014
Although Drury Lane Theatre's Young Frankenstein closed yesterday, Dr. Frankenstein (Devin DeSantis) and The Monster (Travis Taylor) are still going strong with their own rendition of the ridiculously popular Let It Go from Disney's Frozen. Scroll down to listen! (more...)
by Michael Sterling and Jerry Evans - Mar 12, 2014
Jennifer Kranz, a senior at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles majoring in Theatre and minoring in Musical Theatre, emerged victorious Sunday, February 16th as LA's Next Great Stage Star® 2014 produced and presented by Sterling's Upstairs at The Federal, the most critically acclaimed concert supper club in the greater Los Angeles area. (more...)


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Congratulations on 2.75 million points!!! And on your new red sports car!!! Keep up the great posting & enjoy your new ride! Have a good week!
Congratulations on your new RED race car!! Put the pedal to the metal!!
2250 CD's, awesome !! Happy posting !
DandeNC had a b'day and we missed it :((
Oh, yeah, were dropping again, more or less like I figured we would, but we'll be going back up again within the next two to 10 days. Looks like they're moving it up so that it's up by about a dime each time or so, then letting it drop a bit and bump it up more instead of more of it at once. It's less of a shock to people that way. It'll be up another eight to 25 cents a gallon at a minimum when they do it.
Pass it along! Better get filled up again if you can as it's going to go up more still.
Ribbit! Ty for your posts
Congrats lion54, you actually won my wish cd tonight!! On my thread, ties for the #1 and zero are allowed, therefore Ron and Papa tied for the #1 position giving you the win.
Hope you had a Blessed and Happy Easter
Congratulations on having the perseverance to post for 2,200+ consecutive days! Good Luck on reaching your next goals!! Warren


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Old Pilings, La Push, Washington, 2013
A long exposure black and white photograph of pilings and seastacks along the Pacific Ocean at La Push, Washington. READ MORE
Ford F6 Flatbed Farm Truck, Kittitas County, Washington, 2011
A photograph of an old Ford F6 flatbed farm truck sitting on a farm in rural Kittitas County near Ellensburg, Washington. Part of my Pacific Northwest farm truck photography series. READ MORE
Moonrise Over Mt Rainier, Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, 2014
A photograph of a nearly full moon rising over Mt Rainier, the Puget Sound and Tacoma, Washington. READ MORE
Old Abandoned Barn, 1st Road NW, Douglas County, Washington, 2013
A black and white photograph of an old abandoned barn on 1st Road NW in rural Douglas County, Washington. READ MORE
Lupine in a Burned Out Forest, Washington, 2009
A photograph of lupine growing in a burned out forest along Forest Road 39 in Okanogan National Forest, Okanogan County, Washington. READ MORE
Fall Colors in Black and White, Cle Elum River, Washington, 2012
A black and white photograph of the Autumn colors on the upper Cle Elum River near Salmon la Sac in Kittitas County, Washington. Part of my Pacific Northwest black and white landscape photography... READ MORE
Sunlit Autumn Forest, San Juan Island, Washington, 2013
A photograph of the late afternoon sun shining through the forest near English Camp at the San Juan Island National Historical Park on San Juan Island, Washington. READ MORE
Lone Cloud, Washington, 2014
A black and white photograph of a lone cloud high over the Washington Cascade Mountains. READ MORE


text:
We have divided our commodity market news under the categories as mentioned above. To read more miscellaneous uncategorized commodity market news click here...
Equity news contains all the news pertaining to the Indian corporate sector, and their equity.
Click on respective link above to read latest news & updates.
Indian-commodity.com works out to be an optimum marketing platform for finance and investment market products, for we reach out to thousands of unique visitors daily. We do offer options of text links and text+image links on our website. You can opt for only home page link, or category page link, or category-wide links, or even full website links. Your site-wide or category-wide links, are listed on the old news articles as well. Sounds tempting!!
For any business queries or custom needs, please write us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Apollo Tyres is currently trading at Rs. 85.50, up by 0.65 points or 0.77% from its previous closing of Rs. 84.85 on the BSE.
The scrip opened at Rs. 85.25 and has touched a high and low of Rs. 86.00 and Rs. 84.40 respectively. So far 141562 shares were traded on the counter.
The BSE group 'A' stock of face value Rs. 1 has touched a 52 week high of Rs. 102.45 on 14-Sep-2012 and a 52 week low of Rs. 71.15 on 08-Feb-2012.
Last one week high and low of the scrip stood at Rs. 87.65 and Rs. 84.20 respectively. The current market cap of the company is Rs. 4289.25 crore.
The promoters holding in the company stood at 43.37% while Institutions and Non-Institutions held 33.16% and 23.47% respectively. Apollo Tyres has reported results for third quarter ended December 31, 2012.
The company has reported 73.41% rise in its net profit at Rs 73.82 crore for the quarter as compared to Rs 42.57 crore for the same quarter in the previous year. Total income of the company has decreased by 1.87% at Rs 2055.24 crore for quarter under review as compared to Rs 2094.50 crore for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
On consolidated basis, the company has reported 84.21% rise in its net profit at Rs 180.60 crore for the quarter ended December 31, 2012 as compared to Rs 98.04 crore for the same quarter in the previous year. Total income of the company has increased by 0.57% at Rs 3244.12 crore for quarter under review as compared to Rs 3225.83 crore for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
Domestic rating agency ICRA has said that the Indian economy will grow in the range of 7.6-7.8 percent in the current fiscal, despite the headwinds posed by muted global growth and an unfavourable monsoon......click on news to read complete article.
Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has expressed his confidence that Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime would come into force from April 2016. He said, 'GST bill is a constitutional amendment bill.... We hope......click on news to read complete article.
The country's largest iron ore miner NMDC has charted out a growth plan to take its iron ore production to 100 million tonnes (MT) by 2022. The state-run company's production, at present, stands at about......click on news to read complete article.
The US markets closed lower on Tuesday, with the S&P 500 and Dow suffering their biggest one-day declines in three weeks. A sharp increase in the dollar spurred global investors to dump riskier......click on news to read complete article.
US markets ended in red terrain on Friday after hawkish remarks from Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen, who said the central bank will likely raise interest rates this year, as long as economic activity......click on news to read complete article.
The US markets closed higher on Thursday, sending the S&P 500 to a fresh record. Investors mostly brushed off a flurry of weaker-than-expected economic data a day after minutes from Federal Reserve's......click on news to read complete article.


text:
Crackdown 2 (Xbox 360) review
"The Xbox 360 has been home to many new and interesting IPs, most of which I've enjoyed, like Condemned, Gears of War, and BioShock. These titles incorporated play mechanics that made them fun experiences, and, for two of the games, showed potential in what could have been great, long-running series. Then the sequels came out, and they were the exact opposite of what I hoped for. In Condemned 2's case, it was because it strayed away from the first's spooky atmosphere and real sense of surviving h..."
Community review by pickhut (July 18, 2010)
Crash City Mayhem has done the impossible for PickHut: it convinced him into wanting to play the 3DS versions of Spy Hunter and Need for Speed - The Run, just to see if they're decent games.
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Satisfy your thrill-seeking spirit while studying in South Africa, the Adventure Capital of the world! Dive with great white sharks, bungee jump off the world's tallest approved structure, or experience the wonders of Africa's animal kingdom on a safari.
On the CISabroad Semester in South Africa program, you will study at Stellenbosch University, the country's oldest university. The university boasts an acclaimed recognition for its research and provides diverse course offerings. Experience the wondrous landscapes, friendly local populations, and unique culture of South Africa for yourself!
Program Info
- South Africa›Stellenbosch
Internship with the Parliamentary Monitoring Group01/20/2015How could this program be improved?
Communication with the companies being hired.
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CISabroad is committed to providing the best overall value in study and internship abroad opportunities. CISabroad programs are affordable and specialize in providing quality education and support throughout your study or internship abroad experience. Experiences are innovative and focused on cultural immersion.
All of the CISabroad staff members have studied and lived abroad. They provide first-hand insight and feedback so that you are fully prepared for your trip overseas! Scroll through the program listings below to find one that fits you best!


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SOURCE: Reuters
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Antarctic hut eerily intact after nearly a century
CAPE EVANS, Antarctica (Reuters) - A neat stack of seal meat sits in an enclosed porch, tins of cocoa and cabbage are piled on shelves inside, and all seems ready for Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton to take shelter.
Of course they won't: their kind of exploration of the southern continent ended nearly a century ago. But this remote, snow-shrouded shelter hut appears eerily intact.
Prefabricated in New Zealand in 1910, transported by ship and reassembled on a spit of land on McMurdo Sound in January 1911, the hut was built for the final expedition led by Britain's Scott, whose ill-fated race to reach the South Pole has become the stuff of legend....
Now accessible only with permission and a key, the hut was restored as a shrine to Scott and his men in 1960.
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YHA Manchester
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YHA Manchester
I prefer smaller hostels than big ones like the YHA, but as there were not many hostels where I could book a female dorm, and as it is not a party hostel, I booked two nights at YHA.
In the end it became more expencive than I had counted on. According to my booking confirmation I was going to pay £14.65 (February 2012) for Sunday night and £16.65 for Monday night, but when I arrived I had to pay £3 extra per night because I'm not a member, and for that price breakfast is not even included.
There is a breakfast buffet in the morning for £4.95, which I had the first morning as I thought it was good to start the day with a big breakfast when I was going to walk around in the city the whole day.
Internet cost £1 for 15 minutes (which I needed to use), and wi-fi is £5 for 24hours.
After arriving I also ate in the cafeteria as I didn't want to go out and look for another place. A hamburger with French fries was £6.75. In the afternoon the next day I had a large coffee Americano (£1.80) and a chocolate brownie with icecream (£2.95). I was alone in the cafeteria and found a comfortable corner in a sofa, so it was a nice place to sit and rest in.
I had booked a 4 bed female dorm. I didn't say that there was an en suit bathroom, which is something I don't like, as it can be noicy when people in the dorm come in late at night. The bathroom had a noisy fan that stayed on for 10 minutes after the light was turned out, and as the bathroom door couldn't be closed from the outside it was anoying. There were lockers and bedside lamps in the room, which was good.
There is a kitchen for guests to use and there is a game-room and a TV-room.
Obvious cheap option in the best place
Located at the heart of everything nice in Manchester and at a few minutes of walking distance from metrolink stations.
Unique Quality: 24 hour access
In the heart of the city
Parking available
Visa, MasterCard, Delta, Solo, JCB and Switch all accepted
Internet Facilities
Family / private rooms available
TV lounge, library, games room with pool table, laundry facilities, secure lockers, payphone, canalside restaurant with table licence, self-catering kitchen, foreign currency exchange, free bed linen
Full English / Vegetarian or Continental breakfast, picnic lunches and 3 course dinner available
Less a hostel, more a basic hotel
Unique Quality: Forget your usual hostels with their enormous dorms, squeaky stairs and lock outs. Manchester's YHA hostel is more like a basic hotel with all the amenities at half the price.
There are 30 rooms with 4 beds (and 4 rooms with 6 beds), ideal for small groups and families. All rooms are en-suite (with loo and shower). There is a TV room, games room, self-catering kitchen, laundry and lockers. Reception is open 24 hours, plus you can stash your bikes and luggage. Breakfast and dinner can be eaten on site plus you can request a packed picnic lunch.
A night's stay costs in 2006 GBP20 for adults and GBP15 for under-18s and includes a full cooked breakfast. You must be a YHA member, or the guest of one with a special voucher.
The location is superb, overlooking the handsome Castlefield canal basin. You are next door to the YMCA gym and across the street from the Museum of Science & Industry. The GMEX tram stop is about a 5-minute walk over some bridges and down a cobbled street.
There are many very stylish clubs and restaurants nearby, like Barca, Dukes 92 and all of Deansgate Locks. The superb Knott pub is close by with its affordable food and delicious beer (see my food and nightlife tips).
Directions: Head west down Liverpool Road at its intersection with Deansgate. Past The Ox pub and in front of the Science & Industry Museum you'll see signs for the hostel to your right. The hostel is adjacent to the YMCA and across from the ampitheatre.
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Museum of Science and Industry 0.2 miles away
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YHA Manchester
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- Yha Manchester Hotel Manchester
Address: Potato Wharf, Castlefield, Manchester, Greater Manchester, M3 4NB, United Kingdom
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Amenities at YHA Manchester
- Restaurant
- Wheelchair Accessible
- Bar / Lounge
- Free Parking
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Code and instruction encoding extensions to a microcontroller architecture provide backward compatibility with an existing microcontroller while allowing significant performance enhancements as a result to the new architecture. An extension to provide additional instruction codes has been implemented while retaining backwards compatibility so that the instructions for the prior processor retain their functionality by utilizing one unused opcode in the prior processor's opcode map. In this connection, two modes of operation are provided, namely binary and source modes. The entire instruction set is available in both modes, but the encoding is different. In the binary mode, all of the instructions of the prior processor keep their encoding. The additional instructions have an ASH prefix, ASH being the single unused opcode. In source mode, some of the instructions from the prior processor known as register instructions have the AS prefix, thereby freeing up 160 opcodes for more important instructions. Since the register-based instructions of the new processor provide better performance than the instructions that they replace, there is no need to use the old register based instructions. Therefore, adding a byte and a state to the old register instructions results in a negligible penalty. In source mode, the instructions for the new processor do not require the AS prefix. This shortens these instructions by 1 byte in length and speeds up the execution by 1 state.
1. A microcontroller comprising:
a) means for receiving a signal from an external source, said signal having a value which is stored in a memory;
b) instruction decoder means adapted to operate in one of two predetermined modes depending on the state of said stored value, each of said predetermined modes adapted to operate on one of a first and a second predetermined instruction set, said second predetermined instruction set being a superset of said first predetermined instruction set, said first and second predetermined instruction sets each including a plurality of opcodes which are used to specify a particular instruction in its corresponding instruction set;
wherein one of said opcodes in said first predetermined instruction set is unused and said unused opcode is used as a prefix to predetermined instructions in said first instruction set when said decoder is operating in a first one of said two predetermined modes and said unused opcode is used as a prefix to predetermined instructions in said second instruction set when said decoder is operating in a second one of said two predetermined modes,
further wherein said prefix is used by said decoder to distinguish between two instructions having the same opcode and is used only for a subset of instructions within said first instruction set and for a subset of instructions within said second instruction set.
2. The microcontroller defined by claim 1 wherein said receiving means comprises an input port of said microcontroller coupled to a bus interface unit, said bus interface unit coupled to said decoder means which includes a latch to capture the signal input via said input port during initialization of said microcontroller.
3. The microcontroller defined by claim 1 wherein said instruction decoder means comprises a latch for latching said received signal and a micro-instruction sequencer for receiving instructions and generating control signals and data which cause a central processing unit of said microcontroller to operate in a predetermined manner based upon said received instructions and said latched received signal.
4. A system for controlling a device comprising:
a) a microcontroller including:
i) means for receiving a signal from an external source, said signal having a value which is stored in a memory;
ii) instruction decoder means adapted to operate in one of two predetermined modes depending on the state of said stored value, each of said predetermined modes adapted to operate on one of a first and a second predetermined instruction set, said second predetermined instruction set being a superset of said first predetermined instruction set, said first and second predetermined instruction sets each including a plurality of opcodes which are used to specify a particular instruction in its corresponding instruction set;
wherein one of said opcodes in said first predetermined instruction set is unused and said unused opcode is used as a prefix to predetermined instructions in said first instruction set when said decoder is operating in a first one of said two predetermined modes and said unused opcode is used as a prefix to predetermined instructions in said second instruction set when said decoder is operating in a second one of said two predetermined modes,
further wherein said prefix is used by said decoder to distinguish between two instructions having the same opcode and is used only for a subset of instructions within said first instruction set and for a subset of instructions within said second instruction set,
b) said device having a device memory coupled to a bus interface of said microcontroller and a device controller coupled to a peripheral interface of said microcontroller.
5. A microcontroller comprising:
an instruction decoder adapted to operate in a first mode and a second mode;
a first plurality of opcodes, said first plurality of opcodes including at least one unused opcode; and
a second plurality of opcodes;
wherein when said instruction decoder operates in said first mode, said unused opcode is used as a prefix that is affixed individually to at least a portion of said second plurality of opcodes that is used in said first mode.
6. The microcontroller defined by claim 5 wherein when said instruction decoder operates in said second mode, said unused opcode is used as said prefix that is affixed individually to at least a portion of said first plurality of opcodes that is used in said second mode, said instruction decoder distinguishing an opcode from said first plurality of opcodes and an opcode from said second plurality of opcodes using said prefix.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/573.305 filed Dec. 15, 1995.
The invention relates to microcontroller architectures, specifically techniques for ensuring compatibility between old and new members of a family of microcontroller architectures.
As new microcontroller architectures become feasible due to cost reductions for a variety of reasons and new techniques for improving the performance of microcontrollers become available, it is desirable to provide complete compatibility between old and new members of a family of microcontrollers to protect the investment of customers in program code and expertise with a particular design. These desires result in tradeoffs between optimizing performance of a microcontroller with a new architecture while maintaining complete backwards compatibility. The present invention has particular application to an existing microcontroller sold under the product name MCS-51 by Intel Corporation and a new microcontroller known as MCS-251, also available from Intel Corporation. The major differences between the architectures of the two microcontrollers are as follows:
1. Extended code and data spaces: The MCS-51 has 256 bytes of internal data, 64K of external data, and 64K of program memory. The MCS-251 in comparison has 16M, extendible to 4G, of single address space.
2. Unified address space: Single address space in the MCS-251 makes CPU and compiler implementations easier. In the MCS-51, program memory, data memory and internal registers each lie in a separate address space.
3. Extended stack: MCS-251 provides 64K of stack space (Extendible to 4G) compared to 256 bytes on the MCS-51.
4. Extended bit addressability: In the MCS-251, the special function registers (SFRs) and directly addressable RAM are bit addressable.
5. Extended register file: MCS-251 architecture has 24 more bytes of registers than the MCS-51 architecture.
6. Instruction set: The MCS-251 architecture provides an instruction set which is a superset of the MCS-51 instruction set.
7. Availability of extended address space: The MCS-251 architecture makes the MCS-251 extended address spaces accessible to the MCS-51 instruction set. This allows existing users to utilize their investments in MCS-51 software tools to tap the benefits of the MCS-251 architecture.
In the following description, the techniques of the present invention are described with reference to the MCS-51 and the MCS-251 architectures. However, the references to these two architectures are for convenience in describing the invention with respect to real world examples. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the invention has application to other architectures as well.
The present invention is directed to address space, code and instruction encoding extensions to a microcontroller architecture which provide backward compatibility with an existing microcontroller while allowing significant performance enhancements as a result to the new architecture. The extensions are based on the following architectural tradeoffs:
Address Space Extension
The MCS-51 architecture has 256 bytes of internal data, 64K of external data, and 64K of program memory. The MCS251 in comparison has 16M (extendible to 4G) of single address space.
The internal data memory of the MCS-51 architecture is mapped at address 0 of the MCS-251 architecture. This removes the architectural restriction on internal RAM size. It further allows a stack larger than 256 bytes without losing MCS-51 code compatibility. The stack rolls out from internal memory to external memory thus making an external stack available to existing MCS-51 programs.
The external data memory is mapped at 64K on the MCS-51 architecture. This allows instructions which move data to/from a register or accumulator from/to external memory to map to external memory (as long as there is no internal memory at 64K) without restricting the size of the internal RAM.
Program memory is mapped to FF0000. This allows the external bus, which is used for data transfer operations, to be extended beyond a 16-bit address while keeping compatibility with the MCS-51 port reset value of FF.
{overscore (PSEN)} (program store enable) or read strobe for external fetches and {overscore (RD)} (read) are the code and data strobes respectively for the MCS-51 architecture. The MCS-251 architecture unifies the code and data space by making {overscore (PSEN)} and {overscore (RD)} both address mapped code/data read strobes. This makes {overscore (PSEN)}/{overscore (RD)} partitioning transparent to the software tools which do not see separate code and data spaces, but a single address space.
The MCS-51 registers R0-R7 (in four banks or 32 bytes total) have been extended to a 64 byte register file. The MCS-51 address and data registers have been mapped to this register file. This ensures compatibility while allowing the MCS-251 instructions to be used to manipulate MCS-51 registers. The data pointer (DPTR) and stack pointer (SP) are extended in the MCS-251 architecture. This allows MCS-51 users to address the MCS-251 address space, and allows them to use a larger stack.
The MCS-51 special function registers (SFRs) are carried over to the MCS-251 architecture without changing the addresses. The extended stack pointer and the data pointer have been mapped to the SFR space to allow using MCS-51 instructions to address beyond the MCS-51 address space.
Extensions to Provide MCS-51 Code Compatibility
All MCS-51 instructions retain their functionality on MCS-251. Any code relative addressing reference the current 64K page where instructions are under execution.
There are two interrupt transfers available on the MCS-251 architecture. One is fully compatible with the MCS-51 architecture. It pushes two bytes of the program counter (PC) on the stack before jumping to the interrupt vector. The instruction return from interrupt (RETI) pops two bytes of PC. This mode allows existing code which uses the instructions return from subroutine (RET) and return from interrupt (RETI) interchangeably to work. The limitation is that the code size is restricted to 64K.
The preferred mode pushes a new program status word (PSW1) of the MCS-251 and all 3 bytes of the PC. The RETI instruction pops the pushed bytes. Pushing the PSW1 ensures that interrupt service routines written for the MCS-51 can be used with new code for the MCS-251 which relies on the Z and N flags of the PSW to be unchanged. The last two bytes pushed are in the same order in the MCS-251 architecture as they are on the MCS-51 architecture. This ensures that any code that alters the return address will work.
MCS 251 Instruction Encoding
The MCS-51 architecture provides one unused opcode which does not leave much room for an architectural extension to provide additional instructions. However, changing the instruction set compromises the compatibility. Therefore, to address this issue, the MCS-251 architecture provides two modes of operation: namely binary and source modes. The entire instruction set is available in both modes, but the encoding is different. The encoding is arranged to simplify decoding. The two modes have different applications.
a) Binary Mode
In the binary mode, all 111 of the MCS-51 instructions (49 of which are single byte, 45 of which are two bytes and 17 of which are three bytes) keep their encoding. The additional MCS-251 instructions have an A5H prefix, A5H being the single unused MCS-51 opcode. This mode allows any new code to be linked to existing binaries to run without changing. Any non MCS-51 instruction however has a 1 byte size penalty and a 1 state execution time penalty. This mode is suitable for users with large existing code who do not mind the penalty for a small percentage of their code.
b) Source Mode
In the MCS-51 architecture, 32 of the 111 instructions, referred to as register instructions, using Rn (register n) or @Ri (indirect RAM address based on the address contained in register i where i is 0 or 1) in the address field, occupy 160 opcodes. In source mode, these instructions have the A5 prefix, thereby freeing up 160 opcodes for more important instructions. Since the new MCS-251 register-based instructions provide better performance than the MCS-51 instructions that they replace, there is no need to use the old register based instructions. Therefore, adding a byte and a state to the MCS-51 register instructions results in a negligible penalty. In this mode, the MCS-251 instructions do not require the A5 prefix. This shortens these instructions by 1 byte in length and speeds up the execution by 1 state. This mode is suitable for users with all new code, or those with substantial new code who can reassemble/recompile the old code.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the functional blocks of an architecture of a suitable microcontroller which may utilize the invented address space, code and instruction encoding extensions.
FIG. 2 is a table showing the instructions corresponding to opcodes 06-FF in binary mode and A506-A5FF in source mode.
FIG. 3 is a table showing the instructions corresponding to opcodes A508-A5FF in binary mode and 08-FF in source mode.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an instruction sequencer used to decode two different instruction sets according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a system in which a microcontroller incorporating the inventive elements may be used.
Referring to FIG. 1, the functional blocks of an architecture of a suitable microcontroller which may utilize the invented address space, code and instruction encoding extensions are shown. Although a typical microcontroller may include additional functional blocks, the functional blocks shown in FIG. 1 are sufficient for explaining how to make and use the present invention. Additionally, persons skilled in the field of the invention will recognize that numerous timing, control and power signals are needed, however, the specifics of such additional signals are highly dependent on the specifics of the microcontroller implementation and are not needed for a proper understanding of the present invention.
The microcontroller shown in FIG. 1 includes a central processing unit CPU 11 having an instruction sequencer 13, ALU 15, register file 17, data memory interface 19, program counter (PC) 23, source bus 1, source bus 2 and destination bus. The CPU communicates with the other elements of the microcontroller using a data bus 25, data address bus 27 and bus interface unit 29. Bus interface unit 29 feeds instructions to instruction sequencer 13 over an instruction bus. Instruction sequencer receives the instructions from bus interface unit 29 which are in the form of an opcode and address and/or data and decodes the received opcode, address/data information and places appropriate signals on the source 1 and source 2 buses and control signals to ALU 15 and data memory interface 19 to carry out the requested instruction in a manner well known in the art. Program storage 31 which is typically, but not always, a read only memory (ROM) is used to contain a user program which controls the operation of the microcontroller and connects to the CPU over a memory data bus and memory address bus through bus interface unit 27. Data storage 33, which is typically a random access memory (RAM), contains data used by the program in program storage 31 as it is run in CPU 11. The microcontroller communicates with the outside world using I/O ports 37 which are coupled to the memory data bus and memory address bus and peripherals 41 which are coupled to a peripheral bus and to the data bus and data address bus through peripheral interface 43. User programs may also be stored in external memories coupled to the microcontroller through I/O ports 37. Data used by running programs may also come from or be sent to peripherals 41.
The CPU accesses code and data through two different buses. Bus interface unit 29 feeds the instruction bus with code from program storage 31 or external memory, both connected to the memory bus. Internal data access is either to/from register file 17 or through the data bus which is connected to data storage 33, peripheral interface 43 and bus interface unit 29. Data accesses to peripherals connected to the peripheral bus is facilitated by peripheral interface unit 43, while accesses to peripherals through I/O ports 37 are facilitated by the bus interface unit. The bus interface unit also transfers data between the memory bus and the data bus.
The present invention lies mainly in the implementation of instruction sequencer 13 and its operation to support an existing instruction set and an expanded instruction set while maintaining full backwards compatibility. However, other aspects of the architecture of the microcontroller family used to implement the invention are described as necessary for a complete understanding of the invention. Although an understanding of the MCS-51 is presumed, further information may be found in the MCS-51 Microcontroller Handbook for the MCS-51 available from Intel Corporation.
MCS-251 Address Space
The MCS-251 architecture has one contiguous 16 megabyte address space that is used for both code and data. The 16M address space is partitioned for internal and external access, depending on the amount of on-chip memory.
MCS-251 Code Memory
Code memory can reside anywhere in the address space except for reserved areas, such as the register file. Further restrictions may prevent code execution from certain locations that can vary from product to product within the MCS-251 architecture family. Upon reset, code execution begins at address FF:0000H, after which the user can jump to any executable region within the address space. The code memory resides outside the CPU and is partitioned as internal and external memory, depending on the amount of on-chip code memory.
MCS-251 Data Memory
Data memory can reside anywhere in the MCS-251 address space except for reserved locations. The lower 32 bytes of the address space actually reside in the CPU (as part of the register file) and can be accessed as both data memory and general purpose registers. All products in the MCS-251 architecture family have this memory as part of the CPU; the amount of additional on-chip data memory varies from product to product.
MCS-251 Register File
The MCS-251 architecture supports an extra 32 bytes of registers in addition to the four banks of eight registers that the MCS-51 microcontroller architecture provides. The lower eight bytes are mapped between locations 00:00-00:1FH. The lower eight bytes are mapped in this way to support MCS-51 microcontroller register banking. The register-file can be addressed in the following ways, depending upon the registers to be accessed:
Registers 0-15 can be addressed as either byte, word, or double word (Dword) registers.
Registers 16-31 can be addressed as either word or Dword registers.
Registers 56-63 can be addressed only as Dword registers.
There are 16 possible byte registers (R0-R15), 16 possible word registers (WR0-WR30) and 10 possible Dword registers (DR0-DR28, DR56-DR60) that can be addressed in any combination outlined above. DR32-DR52 are theoretically also available in the architecture, but DR32-DR52 need not be implemented.
All Dword registers are Dword aligned; each is addressed as DRk with "k" being the lowest of the 4 consecutive registers. For example, DR4 consists of registers 4-7.
All word registers are word aligned; each is addressed as WRj with "j" being the lower of the 2 consecutive registers. For example, WR4 consists of registers 4-5.
All byte registers are inherently byte aligned; each is addressed as Rm with "m" being the register number. For example R4 consists of register 4.
MCS-251 Stack Pointer (SPX)
In addition to being a word register, DR60 is also a 16-bit stack pointer for the stack. It is used for all stack operations such as pushes/pops, calls/returns, transfer to interrupt service routine and return from interrupt service routine. Making the stack pointer part of the register file allows all MCS-251 instructions to be used for stack pointer manipulation, and enhances stack access through a rich set of addressing modes.
Program Status Word:
The Program Status Word (PSW) contains status bits that reflect the current state of the CPU. It consists of two 8-bit registers, PSW and PSW1 as shown in Table 1. The PSW register retains the existing MCS-51 microcontroller flags and the PSW1 register contains the new MCS-251 flags as well as the CY, AC, RS1, RS0, and OV flags found in the PSW. The new MCS-251 flags are Zero (Z) and Negative (N). The Zero flag is set if the result of the last arithmetic or logical operation was a zero. The Negative flag is set if the result of the last arithmetic or logical operation was negative.
The following is a description of how the MCS-251 microcontroller architecture supports the MCS-51 microcontroller memory organization, instruction set, and user issues as seen by an MCS-51 microcontroller user.
Code Compatibility
The MCS-251 is MCS-51 microcontroller code compatible. All MCS-51 microcontroller instructions are available in MCS-251.
Address Space Compatibility
The MCS-51 microcontroller architecture has four separate address spaces: program memory, Special Function Registers (SFRs), internal and external data memory. The MCS-251 architecture incorporates the program memory and the data memory address spaces into a 16M unified address space. The mapping is completely transparent to the user and is taken care of by the assembler.
Program Memory:
The MCS-51 microcontroller program memory space is mapped at FF:0000H, which is the MCS-251 reset vector. All MCS-51 microcontroller instructions work just as before in the 64K region starting at FF:0000H. The move code byte MOVC instructions access the same 64K region, providing MCS-51 microcontroller compatibility. The MCS-251 assembler assembles MCS-51 microcontroller code in the 64K region making the mapping transparent to the user (all origin (ORG) statements are interpreted with this mapping). The reset and interrupt vectors are correspondingly mapped, avoiding any problems on reset or interrupts.
Internal Data Memory:
The internal data memory is mapped at location 00:0000H, ensuring complete runtime compatibility. Register banking, bit addressing, direct/indirect addressing as well as stack access are MCS-51 microcontroller compatible. The MCS-251 address space begins as MCS-51 microcontroller internal data memory and extends to 16M. This allows enhanced data/stack access using new instructions while maintaining compatibility with the MCS-51 microcontroller.
Special Function Registers:
The 128-byte MCS-51 microcontroller SFR space is integrated into a 512-byte MCS-251 SFR space starting at address S:80H. This provides complete compatibility with direct addressing of MCS-51 microcontroller SFRs, including bit addressing. The address/data SFRs such as A, B, DPL, DPH, SP reside in the MCS-251 register file for high performance, however they are also mapped into the 128-byte MCS-51 microcontroller SFR region for compatibility. In the MCS-251 architecture, these SFRs can be referred to either by their MCS-51 microcontroller names, MCS-51 microcontroller SFR addresses or the MCS-251 register names as shown in Table 3.
For purposes of compatibility the Program Status Word (PSW) of the MCS-51 microcontroller has been retained unmodified.
External Data Memory:
The 64K MCS-51 microcontroller external data memory is mapped at 01:0000H. This provide complete run-time compatibility with the MCS-51 microcontroller, since the lowest 16 address bits of the external data memory are identical the lowest 16 address bits of the external data memory for the MCS-51 microcontroller. Keeping internal and external data memory spaces separated ensures that MOVX instructions do not access internal memory, and that MCS-51 microcontroller MOV (move byte) instructions will not access external memory.
Instruction Set Encoding
The MCS-251 opcode map is based on the MCS-51 microcontroller opcode map. It is arranged as two separate maps, namely binary compatible or assembly compatible modes, configurable at reset.
The default opcode map is the MCS-51 microcontroller map with 255 opcodes and one ESCAPE prefix (A5). The ESCAPE map allows the user to take advantage of the new MCS-251 instructions. Unused opcodes in the ESCAPE map are reserved for future use.
At initialization, the user may choose to configure the microcontroller to take optimum advantage of the new MCS-251 instructions by providing an input to the microcontroller which causes a signal CFG_SRC which is input to sequencer 13 to be asserted. The opcode map remains the same except for the register based instructions of the MCS-51 microcontroller as shown in FIG. 2. The register based instructions have opcodes with the lower nibble between 6H and FH (i.e., hexidecimal 6 and hexidecimal F corresponding to decimal 6 and decimal 15 respectively). These 160 opcodes are moved to the ESCAPE map as shown in FIG. 3. The new MCS-251 instructions are moved to this freed up space. Unused opcodes are reserved for future use. The register based instructions keep the same machine code (opcode+operand bytes) except that each must now be preceded by the ESCAPE (A5) prefix. The MCS-251 instructions keep the same machine code, except they no longer need to be proceeded by the ESCAPE (A5) byte.
That is, in a 256 opcode spa c e which may be encoded as shown in FIG. 2, the only unused prefix is A5H which is shown in FIG. 2 as A5 OPEN providing a 255 opcode map. In this case, the instruction INC Rn (i ncrement Register n) encodes as 00001rrr2 where rrr ranges from 0002 to 1112 (0 to 7) for n ranging from 0 to 7. Thus, for register 2, the instruction would be INC R2 which would encode as 000010102 or 0AH. However, in source mode, i.e., when CFG_SRC is asserted, the A5H prefix is employed, and the instruction INC Rn encodes as 1010 0101 0000 1rrr2. Thus, INC R2 would encode as A50AH.
In this connection, referring to FIG. 3, in source mode, the instruction OAH would encode as MOVZ WRj,Rm where j is 0, 2, 4 . . . 30 and m is 0 to 15. Each j is encoded as a hexidecimal number 0H-FH and each m is is encoded as a hexidecimal number 0H-FH. Thus, the instruction MOVZ WR10,R2 would encode as 0A52H.
It should be understood that the specifics of the instructions set forth in this description and FIGS. 2 and 3, including how they cause the microcontroller they are running on to operate are not important to an understanding of the invention, and the specific information provided herein is for the purpose of showing how in one particular embodiment of the invention the same opcode can function as two instructions depending on a user selectable option.
As previously noted, the signal used to switch between the two modes of operation referred to herein as source mode and binary mode, is initialized based upon a user input. For example, in the architecture shown in FIG. 1, a signal placed on I/O ports 37 can be used to indicate whether the microcontroller is to be configured in source mode or binary mode at system start-up. The bus interface unit receives this signal from the memory data bus and stores the signal value (i.e., 0 or 1) in a memory such as an EPROM. The value stored in the EPROM is passed to the instruction sequencer over the instruction bus during system initialization as the CFG_SRC signal. Referring now to FIG. 4, upon receiving the CFG_SRC signal, previously stored in a memory such as EPROM 45 from the bus interface unit 29, the signal is latched in latch 47 forming a bit (SRC_MD) within instruction sequencer 13 which is set or reset and as instructions are decoded by instruction sequencer 13 into micro-instructions which control the operation of CPU 11, the state of the SRC_MD bit is used to determine whether the incoming instructions should be interpreted as source mode instructions or binary mode instructions. The implementation details of an instruction sequencer which can operate in this dual mode fashion are highly dependent on the overall microcontroller architecture. However, the implementation details for providing a SRC_MD or equivalent bit in any particular instruction sequencer should be readily apparent from this description.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a microcontroller having the invented instruction sequencer 13 with dual mode operation capability is shown connected to an external device such as a scanner, copier, point of sale terminal, CD-ROM drive, tape drive, telephone switch or the like having a memory 61 connected to the microcontroller bus interface 29 and external device controller 63 coupled to the microcontroller peripheral interface. The specifics of these connections are highly device dependent, are well known to persons skilled in the art and are not needed for an understanding of the invention. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, a complete system for performing a particular device dependent function is provided.
The specifics of the implementation details set forth herein are provided by way of example only to illustrate the concepts forming the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention since other microcontroller or microprocessor architectures may utilize an entirely different implementation. However, the various changes which would be needed to implement the invention for other architectures should be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.
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