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Watsdachances Takes Aim at Dance Smartly
A month after tangling in the Nassau Stakes (gr. IIT), five fillies will face a handful of new shooters in the Dance Smartly (Can-IIT) at Woodbine July 5.
A month after tangling in the Nassau Stakes (gr. IIT), five fillies will face a handful of new shooters in the Dance Smartly (Can-IIT) at Woodbine July 5.
Robert Masterson's Tepin won her third turf race in a row and second straight graded event with a half-length victory in the $700,000 Just a Game Stakes (gr. IT) June 6 at Belmont Park.
Mrs. Paul Shanahan's Waltzing Matilda provided quite a shock in the $300,000 New York Stakes (gr. IIT) June 5, taking the 1 1/2-mile turf event at Belmont Park at odds of 22-1 in her U.S. debut.
Stakes winners are everywhere you look in the $700,000 Longines Just a Game (gr. I) for older fillies and mares going one mile June 6 on the Belmont Park turf.
Ken and Sarah Ramsey's multiple grade I winner Stephanie's Kitten returns in the June 5 New York Stakes (gr. IIT) at Belmont Park. The daughter of Kitten's Joy won Tampa Bay's Hillsborough Stakes (gr. III) last time out.
It's been a year since Tonalist won the Belmont Stakes, denying California Chrome a Triple Crown, and the son of Tapit will once again be running on the Belmont card.
After hitting the board but missing out on victory in her last 10 graded stakes tries, Watsdachances broke through in the $150,000 Gallorette Handicap (gr. IIIT) May 16 at Pimlico Race Course.
Moyglare Stud's Discreet Marq came out running in her 2015 debut May 9 at Belmont Park, making the pace and holding off several determined rivals to win the $150,000 Beaugay Stakes (gr. IIIT).
Grade I winner Discreet Marq will make her first start of 2015 at Belmont Park May 9, entered as the 2-1 favorite in a field of seven older fillies and mares for the $150,000 Beaugay Stakes (gr. IIIT).
Australia, Gulfstream Park, Santa Anita, Charles Town, Turfway, Oaklawn, and more. view slideshow
Kept in training, Robert Evans' Irish Mission returned immediate dividends, taking the $150,000 Very One Stakes (gr. IIIT) at Gulfstream Park Feb. 21.
Front-running La Tia, shipping in from Chicago, led all the way to earn her first grade I victory in the $300,000 Matriarch Stakes on the concluding day of the Del Mar fall meet Nov. 30.
Shippers Discreet Marq and La Tia have their eyes on the grade I prize as the likely favorites in the $300,000 Matriarch Stakes, the featured event on closing day of the Del Mar fall meet Nov. 30.
Twenty-three horses sold for $1 million or more at November mixed sale in Lexington, but median was down 20% from last year.
Moyglare Stud Farm secured 2013 Del Mar Oaks (gr. IT) winner Discreet Marq for $2.4 million Nov. 3 at the Fasig-Tipton November sale in Lexington.
White Rose emerged from a five-horse scramble in the final 50 yards to win the $125,000 Rood & Riddle Dowager by a nose over lukewarm favorite Caroline Thomas Oct. 19 at Keeneland.
Lady Sheila Stable's La Verdad found her way back to the Belmont Park winner's circle Oct. 18, landing the $150,000 Iroquois on Empire Showcase Day for her fifth stakes score of the year.
Discreet Marq, a New York-bred who has competed primarily in grade I company since winning the 2013 Del Mar Oaks (gr. IT), tops the oversubscribed field of fillies and mares entered in the Oct. 18 Ticonderoga Stakes.
Seven graded stakes winners will face off in the First Lady at Keeneland, with plenty of speedy fillies and mares perhaps setting the race up for a closer.
Evan Hammonds recaps several big turf races from the weekend. Hear thoughts on the Noble Damsel S., Sands Point S., and The Grey Gatsby's win in the Irish Champion Stakes at Leopardstown. watch video
French import Ball Dancing, making her United States debut, surged late from between horses to edge stablemate Xcellence in the $500,000 Sands Point Stakes (gr. IIT) Sept. 13 at rainy Belmont Park for trainer Chad Brown.
Claire Novak and Tom LaMarra preview the Sands Points Stakes (gr. IIT) which will be run on Saturday, September 13, 2014 at Belmont Park. Watch Video
Martin Schwartz has enjoyed great success buying European fillies and bringing them over to enjoy graded stakes success in the U.S., a move he seeks to repeat with Xcellence, who makes her third U.S. start in the Sands Point
It wasn't the Belmont Stakes (gr. I) , but it was another stakes winner for owner Robert S. Evans and trainer Christophe Clement when Irish Mission ran down Viva Rafaela to take the $150,000 Glens Falls Stakes (gr. IIIT).
Cat's Claw has taken every step up the class ladder since her inauspicious beginning and has now scratched her way up to the $150,000 Glens Falls Stakes (gr. IIIT) on the turf at Saratoga Race Course Aug. 31.
|Breeder / Owner
|Caroline Thomas
|Barclay Tagg
|Discreet Marq
|Christophe Clement
|Tevis Q. McCauley
|Kitten's Queen
|Chad C. Brown
|Unbelievable Dream
|Barclay Tagg
|Watsdachances (IRE)
|Chad C. Brown
|Wave Theory
|Chad C. Brown
|Perfect Sting S.
|Race 7 (AOC) at BEL on 7/3/15
|Race 5 (ALW) at BEL on 7/3/15
|Race 6 (MSW) at BEL on 7/3/15
|Race 9 (MSW) at BEL on 7/3/15
|Metropolitan H. (gr. I)
|Ogden Phipps H. (gr. I)
|Acorn S. (gr. I)
|Lone Star Park H. (gr. III)
|Gamely S. (gr. I)
|Victory Ride S. (gr. III)
|Dwyer S. (gr. III)
|Belmont Derby Invitational S. (gr. I)
|Suburban H. (gr. II)
|Belmont Oaks Invitational S. (gr. I)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Carl Krayl
Carl Christian Krayl (17 April 1890 – 1 April 1947) was a German architect and artist of the early twentieth century, who was associated with several of the leading avant-garde art movements of German Expressionism.[1]
Krayl was born in Weinsberg, and educated at the school of applied arts and the technical college of Stuttgart. He began his career working for architects in Nuremberg and Freiburg. He did technical work in Ingolstadt during World War I.
In the years immediately after the War, Krayl was involved with the Arbeitsrat für Kunst, the November Group, the Glass Chain, and Der Ring, along with Walter Gropius, Bruno Taut, and other luminaries of the Expressionist movement. Krayl's paintings and drawings from this period are richly imaginative and visionary, with titles like "Cosmic building," "Dream city," and "Light greetings from my star house."[2]
Krayl was one of the architects interested in the possibilities of the "glass architecture" advocated by the writer Paul Scheerbart.[3] In 1920 Krayl began designing "suspended and swinging architecture," a feature of Scheerbart's 1914 novel The Gray Cloth. Krayl designed a "Crystaline Star House" that hung from the side of a cliff.[4] Krayl also wrote a series of articles that were published in Taut's journal Frühlicht ("Daybreak").
Simultaneously, Krayl worked in the practical and pragmatic side of architecture. He held a position on the board of works for the city of Magdeburg from 1921 to 1938. He designed buildings that were constructed in Magdeburg and elsewhere, including the health insurance building in Magdeburg, a union office, and apartment buildings. In the 1921–1924 years, Krayl was Bruno Taut's assistant while Taut was the city architect in Magdeburg; together they executed a program of facade painting to alleviate the grimness of urban architecture. (The Constructivist artist Ilya Ehrenburg saw their work in 1922, and criticized it for "its disproportion and dadaistic hysteria.")[5]
In 1933, when the Nazi regime came to power, Krayl was accused of being a Bolshevik (a false charge). As a result, he was unemployed as an architect through 1937. From 1938 to 1946 he worked as a draftsman for the national railway. He died in Werder (Havel) in 1947.
"We want to look into the distant future and show what is to come...." — Carl Krayl to Walter Gropius, 1919.[6]
- ^ Wolfgang Pehnt, Expressionist Architecture, Westport, CT, Praeger, 1973.
- ^ Timothy O. Benson et al., Expressionist Utopias, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001; pp. 45, 115, 123, 231.
- ^ Rosemarie Haag Bletter, "The Interpretation of the Glass Dream — Expressionist Architecture and the History of the Crystal Metaphor," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 40 No. 1 (March 1981), pp. 20-43; see pp. 37-9.
- ^ Chad Randl, Revolving Architecture: A History of Buildings that Rotate, Swivel, and Pivot, Princeton, NJ, Princeton Architectural Press, 2008; p. 67.
- ^ Joan Ockman, "Reinventing Jefim Golyscheff: Lives of a Minor Modernist," Assemblage, No. 11 (April 1990), pp. 70-106; see p. 81.
- ^ Valerie J. Fletcher, Dreams and Nightmares: Utopian Vision in Modern Art, Washington, DC, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983; p. 23.


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Blog: The just-drinks Weekly Round-Up
Olly Wehring | 7 October 2013
On just-drinks last week:
Constellation Brands released its Q2 and H1 results on Thursday. The US-based company has shifted from being better known as a wine producer to being referred to predominantly as a brewer. That's little wonder, considering Constellation became the US's third biggest brewer in June. Sure enough, the buyout of JV partner Grupo Modelo dominated last week's numbers. which is no bad thing: Constellation's wine and spirits sales were down by 1% in its second quarter. For our full coverage of Constellation's results, click here.
After the announcement last month that Oaktree Capital will launch an IPO for a stake in its Stock Spirits division, the US-based private equity group made another spirits sale last week. Having found itself with a sizable holding in Groupe Belvedere, Oaktree has offloaded its entire stake in the troubled French firm, we learnt last week. Elsewhere in the spirits world last week, Beam Inc became the latest multinational drinks company to look to up the production capacity for its Scotch whisky operations; proof, then, that I was right way back in February, 2011 - If it's brown, it sells.
For all you brewers out there, Larry Nelson did something last week that he'd never thought he'd do: He wrote about a billionaire craft brewer.
Deputy editor James Wilmore looked back five years to see how the relationship between the energy drinks sector and the health lobby has developed - if at all - in recent times.
Finally, the latest research report from just-drinks and The IWSR has been published today. Full details of 'Global market review of vodka – forecasts to 2018' can be found here.
Sectors: Beer & cider, Soft drinks, Spirits, Water, Wine
How a visit to the dentist helped Muthar Kent get ahead in business
Want to know how to make it to the top of the beverage business? According to Muhtar Kent, it's all about the networking....
What's on offer in the UK off-trade?
A red sticker to a shopper is like a red rag to a bull. And as the masses charge at the deals, UK off licences and supermarkets are finding new and novel ways to entice the herd. ...
Hennessy's time capsule is for the ages
To celebrate its 250th anniversary, Cognac brand Hennessy is trumpeting a virtual time capsule, making a parallel between it and a barrel of Cognac....
Monster Beverage Corp backs the right horse
Rarely do sponsorship deals pay off so quickly. ...
Most Popular
- Hail Marie Brizard: But, For How Long?
- 5 reasons why Constellation's Meiomi buy works
- Pernod relies on Indian whiskey to crack Africa
- Focus - Edrington's FY Performance by Brand
- NPD: The Clear Soft Drink Trend is Back
- Comment - Diageo CFO to North America? Do the Math
- Diageo sells "non-core" Gleneagles
- Diageo CFO Mahlan to head up N America
- Pernod Ricard allays Havana Club shortage fears
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Market research
- Global liqueurs insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends research
- Edrington Group in Spirits (World)
- Diageo plc (DGE) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review
- The IWSR Company Profile 2014 – Remy Cointreau
- Global Tequila insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends research


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One Of The Funniest Commercials {VIDEO}
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Boy Excused From Class Due To "Red Sox Fever"
Take Ten Pills and You're Fine – Nancy Pelosi Sings About Obamacare
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We all need a break from the stress of daily life. If you want a few minutes of pure enjoyment and laughs, then you'll want to check out this video of a panhandler on the New York City subway. It's not your typical type of pan handling, and really sheds some light on how we all could use a little bit of help.
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I was amazed when I first saw this video! Johnny Mathis takes his song title literally, singing one single note for over a minute. He is oddly reminiscent of Mr. Trololo.
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The 'news' broke today about a new online petition to make the Miley Cyrus song 'Party in the USA' the next national anthem for our great country.


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La Maison Blanche a été est à seulement un mile de Tanglewood, dans le cœur historique de Lenox. Nos chambres sont richement décorées dans un style traditionnel et disposent tous de la climatisation et salle de bain privée. Avec plusieurs des meilleurs restaurants de la région et des magasins spécialisés à distance de marche de notre propriété, votre visite aux Berkshires sera confortable et complet! Nous serions heureux de vous envoyer des informations supplémentaires sur demande et j'espère que vous allez nous voir bientôt! Vos hôtes, Marie et Frank Newton
Notation basée sur
31 Avis
5 sur février 19, 2015
I was able to book a room at a value price as it is off season. The innkeepers were gracious and kind. They kept the fire going as I enjoyed reading in the sitting room. Complimentary port wine was a treat. I stayed in the Eleanor Roosevelt room. The canopy bed was wonderful. The room was cozy and warm. Breakfast included eggs, pumpkin bread, fruit, coffee, tea, and delicious stuffed french toast. I am looking forward to returning soon.
3,6 sur août 31, 2014
Our stay at the Summer White House B & B happened to be during coldest weekend in August in Lenox. We did not expect our room to be very cold. They did not turn the heat on. But, we had plenty of blankets to keep us warm. The breakfast was mediocre. The downscale the breakfast based on occupancy. The Inn keepers are very nice and provided warm hospitality. Parking in the back can be a little tricky. Its very close to Tanglewood.
3,6 sur août 17, 2014
Room was nice and clean but the breakfast food was fair at best.
4,8 sur décembre 19, 2013
Loved the summer White House! It is a great location, and the owner & staff are top-notch. Would Highly Recommend!
5 sur décembre 11, 2013
The White House was a great find! It is conveniently located and we were given many tips about hikes and events in the area. Most important the Inn was gracious as were the hosts. I would add more but no space.
4,6 sur décembre 11, 2013
A tasteful and warm Victorian home with beautiful art work. Some of it for sale. Close to Stockbridge, a great town.
5 sur novembre 11, 2013
I took my 17-year-old daughter to spend a couple of days here so that she could have peace and quiet as she wrote her college essays; I'm an academic and worked on a paper, available to her for moral support and dialogue when she needed it. It was perfect! We felt well-taken-of, the room was cozy and conducive to contemplation and writing (for both of us!), the breakfasts were excellent. My daughter finished her essays, I made significant progress on the paper, and we headed back to Boston feeling a sense of accomplishment, connection (to each other), and well-being.
4,2 sur septembre 08, 2013
The room was very spacious with a large closet, desk, sofa, chair and canopy bed. Had an ample chest of drawers too. Very quiet, shaded garden in back was perfect for reading. The owner Frank and his proprietor Melissa could not have been more charming. They saw to our every need, and Frank entertained us each morning with his delightful stories. Classical music was always playing during breakfast. Right across the street from the Lenox Library, within easy walking distance of everything in town. Would definitely stay there again.
4,4 sur août 29, 2013
This B&B was beyond my expectations in terms of convenience to Tanglewood, decor, service and friendliness. I would recommend it to anyone who is visiting Lenox, MA
4,0 sur août 27, 2013
Perfect place for those who treasure bed and breakfast experiences. Excellent location and fair prices for the area. Gracious and interesting host.
Antiquaires , Galeries d'art, Lieu de concert, Dîner gastronomique, Sites historiques, Lac, Concerts, Cinéma , Musée, Parcs nationaux/régionaux, Zone naturelle, Boutiques, Théâtre, Zone de pic-nic, Rivière, Piste de ski, Entreprise vinicole
Bibliothèque, Piano , Plein les permis d'alcool
Climatisation, Réveil, Cheminée, Radio, Réception chaînes satellite, TV, Magnétoscope, Films, Wi-Fi, Internet par câble
Location de vélos, Pistes cyclables, Vélos, Observation d'oiseau, Base nautique, Canoë, Pistes de ski de fond, Ski alpin , Pêche, Golf, Sentiers de randonnée , Promenade à cheval, Canoë-Kayak, Pistes de VTT , Voile, Shopping, Excursion, Location de skis, Location de raquettes neige, Raquettes neige, Natation, Terrain de tennis, Sports d'eau
Frank Newton
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text:
Under Armour, Inc. (NYSE:UA)
The Company's principal business activity is the design, development, marketing and distribution of technologically advanced, branded performance products for men, women and youth.
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sports apparel , yet another secular trend steam rolling ahead. And not just a fickle brand. A brand with staying power and big athletes. Buying on every 10% dip.
quality brand on the move UP
I see nothing but positive momentum for this stock as they keep sponsoring champions (Curry) and major winners (Spieth). I've already had a 22% gain on this stock and I'm looking to ride it higher.
I like this company and with Nike coming out with earnings this week we will get a read through to UA. They have picked up key players for promotions this year and the products keep improving. Get long
Rapidly expanding into new markets and clothing lines, which leads to habitually beating earnings expectations.
Wearables will give them a chance to expand into software and improve margins.
Kevin Plank is relentless.
p/e problems
$UA has big potential. What if FIFA abandon Nike and Adidas in favour of $UA?
They have now a small position in european soccer, I see big growth potential, Do you see it alsoo ??
Also $UA has potential in woman sport, dont know why,
but....half the people are Woman.
Gr . Erik
great long term potential growth!
Visionary CEO has proven that he can execute in penetrating tough markets. Growing high margin shoe and online presence will help drive revenue, as will a stable of young stars (Bryce Harper, Steph Curry, Jordan Spieth).
Emirging shoes and clothing getting bigger!
Nike has new competition.
Its a sexy, well run company. The stores are hip and in your face-although the stores are too loud. Nike gets the fuddy duddy golf crowd. UA gets the marathoners and the Olympians.
A little uncertain getting in at this level. A lot of directors have sold once the stock hit in the $80s and the PE is enormous for what is essentially a clothing company. But it IS a trendy name and I still see upside.
good company, good products with seemingly good management
Quality product & mgm't.
Will be the top 5 biggest brand in some years
Go Warriors!
Love the capital allocation skills of this company. Jordan Spieth and Steph Curry were steals. This is a classic Peter Lynch investment in buying what you see and know. I see more Under Armour logos in the gym and out in public. I don't see this trend reversing. Price matters but looking at valuation this early in their growth phase would be a mistake.
Growth and greater market share
Excellent brand that has plenty of room to grow and take market share from Nike.


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gas monitoring systems Companies in Washington
Cerex Monitoring Solutions, LLC.
based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
Cerex specializes in the manufacture of FTIR and UVDOAS multi gas analyzers for Continuous Emission Monitoring, Process Monitoring, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Indoor Air Quality Monitoring, Leak Detection and Hazmat First Response. Cerex uses solid spectroscopy techniques to simultaneously monitor multiple gases in real time. Our devices are highly sensitive, ...
Ecotech Pty Ltd
based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA
Ecotech is an Australian owned company with more than 35 years experience in servicing, maintaining, designing, manufacturing, installing and commissioning ambient air and emission monitoring systems around the world. Ecotech is ISO17025 accredited for the operation and maintenance of ambient air and continuous emission monitoring systems and was first accredited in 1999. ...
based in Ocala, FLORIDA (USA)
F&J SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, INC. specializes in products designed for use by health physics air monitoring specialists employed by nuclear facilities and environmental ambient air monitoring professionals. F&J SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, INC. is an industry leader in manufacturing state-of-the-art microprocessor controlled airflow calibration and air sampling systems. The company ...
Ionicon Analytik Ges.m.b.H.
based in Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
IONICON is the world's leading producer of trace gas analyzers with market-leading, real-time, single-digit pptv-level detection limits for VOCs using the unique Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and Selective Reagent Ionization – Mass Spectrometry (SRI-MS) technology. IONICON also produces trace calibration devices for analytical instruments and ...
Gas Measurement Instruments Ltd - an Industrial Scientific Corporation Company
based in Renfrew, UNITED KINGDOM
GMI design and manufacture a wide range of gas detection products. Portable gas detectors, handheld personal monitors, and fixed systems for permanent installation. Gas detection for all industries.
HI-Q Environmental Products Company
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
HI-Q Environmental Products Company (HI-Q) has been a leading manufacturer of Air Sampling & Radiation Monitoring Equipment, Systems & Accessories since 1973. HI-Q started primarily as a manufacturer of activated carbon cartridges and high/low volume air sampling pumps intended to be used as "Record Samplers" in the collection of radioiodine and radioactive dust ...
Analox Sensor Technology
based in Stokesley, UNITED KINGDOM
Custom Gas Detection Solutions and Software Engineering Expertise. With over 325 years of collective, specialist mechanical, electronics and software engineering expertise Analox Sensor Technology are not your average gas detection company. We thrive on providing gas detection solutions in the most hostile environments and solving difficult problems to help our customers ...
Crowcon Detection Instruments Ltd - a Halma company
based in Milton Park, UNITED KINGDOM
Crowcon Detection Instruments develop, manufacture and market a complete range of portable and fixed gas detection products you can trust to protect people and plant against gas hazards. Established over 40 years the company has strong regional centres in North America, Singapore, The Netherlands and India, with a mature network of trained distributors covering almost ...
Concept Smoke Systems
based in Maidenhead, UNITED KINGDOM
Concept have been producing high quality, professional smoke systems for almost 50 years. With BS EN ISO 9001 : 2008 scope for "the design, manufacture and supply of non-toxic smoke generating equipment and aerosol generating equipment for scientific, military, security and industrial use", we are in an unrivalled position to offer the best advice and the highest quality ...
GEM Systems, Inc.
based in Markham, ONTARIO (CANADA)
GEM Advanced Magnetometers is a supplier of magnetometers, gradiometers and magnetic sensors for Earth Science, Geophysics and other applications. With more than two decades in the research and development of equipment for geophysical exploration, GEM is also known for its service and support – featuring knowledgeable magnetics professionals and the industry-leading ...


text: on Mar 6, 2013 @ 6:32 AMMar 6, 2013 @ 6:32 AM Published Sarkozy hints at return to French politicsFormer French president Nicolas Sarkozy has suggested he could return to politics, not out of a desire for power but out of a "duty" to the French people.Right-winger Sarkozy, defeated by Socialist President Francois Hollande in May, told weekly business magazine Valeurs Actuelles that he may have no choice but to return."There will unfortunately come a time when the question will no longer be 'Do you want to?' but 'Do you have any choice?'," Sarkozy said in an interview to be published Thursday."In this case I won't be able to keep saying: I'm happy, I take my girl to school, I go to conferences all over the world," he said. "In this case I will be required to go. Not by desire. By duty. And only because it is France."Defeated after a single five-year term, Sarkozy withdrew from politics following May's presidential vote, saying he wanted to spend more time with his ex-supermodel wife Carla Bruni and their newborn daughter Giulia.His right-wing UMP party has since struggled to find a successor, nearly splitting over the choice between Sarkozy's ex-prime minister Francois Fillon and party chief Jean-Francois Cope.Sarkozy, 58, is hugely popular with party rank-and-file and many have urged him to make a comeback in the 2017 presidential vote.His remarks came with Hollande suffering record low approval ratings as he struggles to revive France's stagnant economy and reverse rising unemployment.A poll by firm IFOP released this week showed Hollande with an approval rating of only 37 percent, a six-percent drop from a month earlier.arb-npk/mm/vjf


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(519): View more from Ontario
There is a guy in class using a wine bottle as a water bottle. Welcome to the Faculty of Environment.
Tap Here to view the Mobile Optimized TFLN
There is a guy in class using a wine bottle as a water bottle. Welcome to the Faculty of Environment.
can we take a moment to remember my theory on 'your tongue is a snake that lives in your mouth' because we reached a whole new level of high
How exactly does one go about seducing an older, possibly blind gentleman?
Do you think it's wrong for me to hop on that dick before he realizes that he's gay?
Sean slept in the bushes beside my house again. Any reason he kept screaming/slurring 'it was all a bunch of goddamn lies' through out the night?
what a fun peer-pressure-filled weekend
I think he's like 40 and maybe a little sociopathetic and i have never been so turned on
I have no idea how but i got a hold of a blue food dye packet. And proceeded to rub it all over my tits. So yeah i'd say its safe to say i'll be known as smurfette for a while
It has gotten to a point where I just want to sit on his face. Less butterflies, more orgasms.
Any idea why the fuck i would replace all the music on my ipod with the fucking Goosebumps theme song?!?
Yeah I mean once a gun is being waved around, its probably a good time to leave the party
You were so high that you only FaceTimed me so that you could stare into your own eyes and not actually say anything
My tub is filled with twinkies which would be awesome if they were still wrapped and not floating in a mixture of bath water and what appears to be vomit.
Why are there so many fucking Lambchop puppets hidden around my house?!
You dropped a beer and it was like when wilson floated away. Complete with sobbing apologies


text: Audiobiography: Jason by Jarcodes Productions published on 2013/02/08 20:56:09 +0000 Audiobiography The people behind the sounds. Details and Instructions: Audiobiography is an opportunity to introduce your profile and sounds. The community is the backbone of SoundCloud. Whether you're a listener or an avid musician, introduce yourself by participating in this collective project: Who are you and what's important to you? It's easy to participate. Who are you? What's important to you? -Record or creatively share a sound that describes and answers the question: who are you and what's important to you? Perhaps it's a freestyle rap, or a recording that features your latest piano composition as background music. -Keep track to ~90 seconds. -Name the track Audiobiography with your name, as such "Audiobiography: David Barclay." Add a description. -Tag the track "audiobio" and upload. -If you have the Spotlight feature, pin the sound to the top of your profile. You can also add the sound to your profile's description under soundcloud.com/settings/advanced. Audiobiography is going to be massive, and we want everyone to be part of it. In the coming months, your audiobiography will be shared on SoundCloud and on our official blog. Connect with people around the world and hear the people behind the sounds. Thanks so much everyone Comment by Bobby Utopia 1 KOOL DIFFERENT GO FOR IT I LOVE IT GOOD LUCK :-) 2013/05/19 03:52:14 +0000 Comment by Cathie Fitzgibbon-Roeseke You ROCK Jay!! 2013/05/14 14:35:22 +0000 Comment by MLucas I hear ya' on that Jason... 2013/02/27 21:18:19 +0000 Comment by Carolyn Burnette Amen, Jason! :) 2013/02/24 21:48:44 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions https://soundcloud.com/rotten-teeth 2013/02/20 20:26:36 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions https://soundcloud.com/jarcodes 2013/02/20 20:23:53 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions http://jarcodespodcast.podbean.com/ 2013/02/20 20:22:55 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/jarcodespodcast/id564421010 2013/02/20 20:22:19 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions http://stitcher.com/s/player.php?fid=28445&refid=st 2013/02/20 20:21:31 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions https://soundcloud.com/groups/soundclouder-submission-portal 2013/02/20 20:19:58 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions https://soundcloud.com/soundcloudheroes/sets/audiobios-1 2013/02/20 20:18:45 +0000 Comment by Jane Shin @jarcodes: Haha! No worries. At the point at which you mention the link to the group, drop it in as a comment so people can click right away as they listen along. Let me know if that makes sense :) 2013/02/11 20:21:39 +0000 Comment by Jarcodes Productions @cyramorgan: Thank you so very much. I think you are amazing 2013/02/11 01:53:35 +0000 Comment by cyramorgan That's wonderful what you're doing Jason :) 2013/02/10 19:23:12 +0000 Comment by Edouard Trolliet ah ! yeah ! metal !! :) 2013/02/10 08:26:17 +0000


text:
2009 CFN ACC PreviewCFN
All-ACC Team
2009 Preseason
All-ACC Offense
Top 30
ACC Players
Spiller, Sr., Clemson
2. RB Jonathan Dwyer, Jr., Ga Tech
3. DE Jason Worilds, Jr., Virginia Tech
4. DT Marvin Austin, Jr., North Carolina
5. LB Quan Sturdivant, Jr., N. Carolina
6. QB Russell Wilson, Soph., NC State
7. S Morgan Burnett, Jr., Georgia Tech
8. LB Bruce Carter, Jr., North Carolina
9. LG Rodney Hudson, Jr., Florida St
10. QB Tyrod Taylor, Jr., Virginia Tech
11. OG Sergio Render, Sr., Virginia Tech
12. DT Vince Oghobaase, Sr., Duke
13. DE Derrick Morgan, Jr., Ga Tech
14. QB/CB Vic Hall, Sr., Virginia
15. CB Stephan Virgil, Sr., Virginia Tech
16. LB Alex Wujciak, Jr., Maryland
17. LB Dekoda Watson, Sr., Florida St
18. RB Graig Cooper, Jr., Miami
19. WR Demaryius Thomas, Jr., Ga Tech
20. DE Willie Young, Sr., NC State
21. OG Thomas Austin, Sr., Clemson
22. LT Anthony Castonz, Jr., Boston Coll
23. QB Riley Skinner, Sr., Wake Forest
24. RB Da'Rel Scott, Jr., Maryland
25. NG Boo Robinson, Sr., Wake Forest
26. CB Patrick Robinson, Sr., Florida St
27. LB Sean Spence, Soph., Miami
28. WR Aldarius Johnson, Soph., Miami
29. CB Brandon Ghee, Sr., Wake Forest
30. CB Chris Chancellor, Sr. Clemson
* VT RB Darren Evans was No. 5, but he suffered a torn ACL and is out for the year.
QB - Russell Wilson, Soph., NC State
RB - Jonathan Dwyer, Jr., Georgia Tech
Spiller, Sr., Clemson
WR - Aldarius Johnson,
Soph., Miami
WR - Demaryius Thomas, Jr., Georgia Tech
TE - Ben Wooster, Sr., Wake
ForestOL - Thomas Austin, Sr., Clemson OL -
Will Barker, Sr., Virginia
OL - Anthony Castonz, Jr., Boston College
OL -Rodney Hudson, Jr., Florida State
OL - Sergio Render, Sr., Virginia TechPK - Matt Bosher, Jr., Miami
KR - Torrey Smith, Soph., Maryland
2009 Preseason
All-ACC Defense
Preseason Defensive Player of the YearDE Jason Worilds, Virginia Tech
onus of the Hokie defensive front will be on
6-2, 240-pound junior
Jason Worilds to remain the pass-rushing
tornado he was a year ago. In his first season as a
full-timer, he went postal on opposing tackles,
turning 62 tackles, 18.5 tackles for loss, eight
sacks, and 21 pressures into All-ACC honors. A
sub-4.5 blur coming around the edge, he's beginning
to look like the second coming of former Hokie great
Corey Moore.
Marvin Austin, Jr., North
DL - Derrick Morgan, Jr., Georgia Tech
DL - Vince Oghobaase, Sr., Duke
DL - Jason Worilds, Jr., Virginia Tech
LB - Quan Sturdivant, Jr.,
North Carolina
LB - Dekoda
Watson, Sr., Florida StateLB - Alex Wujciak, Jr., Maryland DB -
Morgan Burnett, Jr. Georgia Tech
DB - Brandon Ghee, Sr.,
Wake Forest DB - Patrick Robinson, Sr., Florida State
DB - Stephan Virgil, Sr., Virginia Tech
P - Travis Baltz, Jr., Maryland
PR - Travis Benjamin, Soph.
2009 Preseason
Second Team
All-ACC Offense
QB - Tyrod Taylor, Jr.,
Virginia Tech RB - Graig Cooper,
Jr., Miami
RB - DaRel Scott, Jr. Maryland
WR - Jacoby Ford, Sr., Clemson
WR - Owen
Spencer, Jr., NC State
Greg Boone, Sr., Virginia Tech
Andrew Datko,
Soph., Florida State
OL - Chris DeGeare, Sr., Wake Forest
Ryan McMahon, Jr., Florida State OL -
Matt Tennant. Sr., Boston College
Ed Wang, Sr., Virginia Tech
PK - Josh Czajkowski, Jr.
NC StateKR - T.J. Graham, Soph. NC
2009 Preseason
Second Team
All-ACC Defense
DL - Da'Quan Bower, Soph.,
DL - Eric Moncur, Jr., Miami
DL - Boo Robinson, Sr.,
Wake ForestDL -
Willie Young, Sr., NC State
LB - Nate Irving, Jr., NC State
Mike McLaughlin, Sr., Boston Coll.
LB - Sean Spence, Soph., Miami DB - Kendric Burney, Jr., North
Chris Chancellor, Sr., ClemsonDB - Kam
Chancellor, Sr., Virginia Tech
Ras-I Dowling, Jr. Virginia
P - Kevin Jones, Jr. DukePR - C.J. Spiller, Sr.


text:
Continuous void-free uniform coatings are formed on substrates of limited length. The substrate is wrapped around a mounting roll and nipped between the mounting roll and one or more pick-and-place contacting rolls. Coating liquid is applied to the substrate or to a pick-and-place roll, preferably as a pattern of stripes. The mounting roll, substrate and pick-and-place rolls are caused to rotate for a plurality of revolutions. Wetted surface portions of the pick-and-place roll repeatedly contact the substrate, the coating is repeatedly picked up from and placed onto the substrate, and the coating becomes more uniform. Extremely uniform and extremely thin coatings can be quickly and easily obtained, with easy adjustment of the final coating thickness.
1. A method comprising:
a) providing a rotating support having a surface, the surface at least partially covered with a removable substrate of limited length and, in either order:
i) nipping the substrate between the support and at least one pick-and-place roll whose period of rotation is not equal to the period of rotation of the support; and
ii) applying a quantity of coating liquid to the substrate or to the pick-and-place roll; and
b) rotating the support and substrate for a plurality of revolutions whereby wetted surface portions of the pick-and-place roll repeatedly contact the substrate.
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25. A method comprising:
a) providing a rotating support having a surface, the surface at least partially covered with a removable substrate of limited length and, in either order:
i) nipping the substrate between the support and at least one pick-and-place roll whose period of rotation is not equal to the period of rotation of the support; and
ii) applying a quantity of coating liquid to the substrate or to the pick-and-place roll; and
b) rotating the support and substrate for a plurality of revolutions whereby wetted surface portions of the pick-and-place roll repeatedly contact the substrate,
wherein a pick-and-place roll can be operated at a variable surface speed differential relative to the surface speed of the support and the surface speed differential is varied sinusoidally as the support is revolved.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/757,955 filed Jan. 10, 2001 and entitled COATING DEVICE AND METHOD (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,113 B1) and of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/841,380 filed Apr. 24, 2001 and entitled ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY COATING APPARATUS AND METHOD, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to devices and methods for coating substrates of limited length and for improving the uniformity of non-uniform or defective coatings.
There are many known methods and devices for coating a moving web and other fixed or moving endless substrates, and for smoothing the resulting coating. Several are described in Booth, G. L., "The Coating Machine", Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Vol. 8, Coating, Converting and Processes, pp 76-87 (Third Edition, 1990) and in Booth, G. L., Evolution of Coating, Vol. 1 (Gorham International Inc.). For example, multiroll coaters (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,105,488; 2,105,981; 3,018,757; 4,569,864 and 5,536,314) can be used to provide thin coatings. Multiroll coaters are shown by Booth and are reviewed in Benjamin, D. F., Anderson, T. J. and Scriven, L. E. "Multiple Roll Systems: Steady-State Operation", AIChE J., V41, p. 1045 (1995); and Benjamin, D. F., Anderson, T. J. and Scriven, L. E., "Multiple Roll Systems: Residence Times and Dynamic Response", AIChE J., V41, p. 2198 (1995). Commercially available forward-roll transfer coaters typically use a series of three to seven counter rotating rolls to transfer a coating liquid from a reservoir to a web via the rolls. These coaters can apply silicone release liner coatings at wet coating thickness as thin as about 0.5 to about 2 micrometers. The desired coating caliper and quality are obtained by artfully setting roll gaps, roll speed ratios and nipping pressures. Another type of coating device is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,569,864, which describes a coating device in which a thick, continuous premetered coating is applied by an extrusion nozzle to a first rotating roll and then transferred by one or more additional rolls to a faster moving web.
Devices for coating substrates of limited length (e.g., small sheets) are also available, and can be used to prepare experimental or test coatings without requiring set up or operation of a web coating apparatus. These are commonly referred to as hand spread devices, and consist of a knifing apparatus in which a gap is set between a knifing edge and a bed plate, and a sheet is pulled through the gap while it is flooded with coating liquid. Another example is a wire-wound rod coater known as a "Mayer Bar" (see U.S. Pat. No. 1,043,021 to Mayer) which can be used to make manual hand spreads on small test sheets.
Many current coating applications require extremely thin coatings, e.g., on the order of 10 micrometers or less. For such thin coatings, it can be very difficult to form hand spreads having the desired caliper and coating quality. When it is not practical to prepare a suitable hand spread, then typically a coating run must be set up on a suitable web coating apparatus. This takes time and can generate substantial quantities of costly scrap. Additionally, large quantities of raw materials are required for continuous coating.
For thicker coatings, current hand spread techniques are somewhat more suitable. However, even thick hand spread coatings are often deficient in coating quality, caliper uniformity or precise attainment of a target average caliper.
The present invention provides, in one aspect, coating devices and methods for coating substrates of limited length. In one embodiment, a device of the invention comprises:
In another embodiment, a method of the invention comprises:
In particularly preferred embodiments of the devices and methods of the invention, (a) the coating is applied unevenly (e.g., with repeatedly varying, discontinuous or intermittent caliper variations), (b) two or more pick-and-place rolls are employed, (c) the rotational speed of at least one pick-and-place roll is varied with respect to the rotational speed of the support or other pick-and-place roll, (d) at least one pick-and-place roll period of rotation is not periodically related to the period of rotation of the support or (e) at least one pick-and-place roll period of rotation is not periodically related to the period or rotation of at least one other pick-and-place roll.
The devices and methods of the invention facilitate the formation of continuous void-free, uniform and extremely thin coatings on substrates of limited length using low-cost equipment.
Referring to
Coating liquid from syringe pump 38 is supplied through supply line 40 and feed block 42 to nozzle 44. Oscillating mechanism 46 moves nozzle 44 back and forth across the surface of roll 20. Rest positions are provided at each end of the oscillation stroke. Deflector plate 48 and an additional deflector plate (not shown in
The basic principles of operation of the devices shown in
Sample sheet coating can be accomplished using the devices of the invention by initially mounting sheet 24 on roll 20 using a suitable mounting technique. If sheet 24 has suitable dielectric properties, then static electrical forces usually will be sufficient to hold sheet 24 in place without other fastening measures being required. Next, roll 20 is placed adjacent contacting roll 12 and other contacting rolls such as roll 14 if present, so that sheet 24 is nipped between roll 20 and the contacting roll or rolls.
The total volume of coating liquid needed to achieve the desired coating caliper can be calculated in advance. Assuming equal film splits at the nip points, e.g., the nip points 32 and 34 in
The initial lengthwise uneven coating on the contacting roll or on sheet 24 is converted to a uniform coating by causing the various device rolls to revolve for a plurality of revolutions, whereupon wetted and to be wetted surface portions of the sheet 24 and the contacting roll or rolls will contact and re-contact one another at successively different positions. This causes the coating liquid to be picked up from and replaced onto the sheet 24. The coating quickly becomes much more uniform. For example, in the device shown in
Preferably the respective circumferences of rolls 20 and 12 (and the respective circumferences of roll 20 and additional contacting rolls such as roll 14 if present) are not expressed by a fraction in which the numerator and the denominator are integers ranging from one to twenty. However, if the respective roll circumferences are integer multiples, we have found ways to achieve uniformity using the improvement diagrams discussed below. We have also found ways to minimize or reduce the number of roll revolutions needed to achieve uniformity. Investigation of a very large number of operational modes for the devices and methods of the invention has been accomplished through the use of computer modeling.
The improvement diagram in
It is possible to apply very thick stripes of coating. These will often spread into wider stripes after the first passage through a nip. We define stripe width as the width immediately after the first passage of the stripe through a nip. We also define two dimensionless parameters (referred to in
While poor choices and impractical stripe widths dominate most of the areas of the improvement diagram for this simple two roller device, surprisingly good choices of roll size and stripe width are found in FIG. 4. Examples include regions 102, 104 and 106 in FIG. 4.
Roll 12 sizes that are integer multiples and proper fractions of the roll 20 size preferably are avoided unless an appropriate value of stripe width is chosen and an adequate number of roll 20 revolutions is used.
While the above-mentioned roll sizes are undesirable, in special cases good uniformity can be obtained for these roll sizes when the stripe width equals a special value, called the "minimum dimensionless stripe width". An integer multiple of this value also produces good uniformity. Examples of such minimum dimensionless stripe widths are illustrated on
For industrial coating applications, we prefer to use dimensionless stripe widths that are less than about 0.2, and more preferably between about 0.05 and about 0.15. In general, narrow stripe widths are easier to produce than wider stripe widths. However, wider stripe widths (e.g., widths greater than about 0.2) can be used if desired.
When stripe width ratios of 0.1 to 0.2 can be applied, one preferred range of choices for the dimensionless roll 12 size in
Through extensive investigations, we have found the following generalizations. For every dimensionless roll 12 size that equals an proper fraction (e.g., dimensionless roll sizes such as �, ⅖, {fraction (11/20)}) there exists a minimum dimensionless stripe width less than 1.0, such that good uniformity will be obtained if sufficient revolutions of roll 20 are used. The exception is for the fractions n/1 where n is an integer. Exceeding the minimum dimensionless stripe width may result in but is not sufficient to insure good uniformity. For any given fractional roll size, good uniformity will only be obtained if a sufficient number of revolutions of roll 20 have occurred. Likewise, after any fixed number of revolutions, only a limited range of stripe ratios provide good uniformity.
Knowledge of the existence of these minimum dimensionless stripe widths allows an appropriate stripe width to be selected when the dimensionless roll size choices are restricted. Likewise, this knowledge often allows a desired caliper to be obtained at a given dimensionless roll size by choosing narrower or wider stripe widths from amongst a set of available stripe width choices. When such sets exist, then the more easily produced narrower stripe widths can be selected in preference to wider stripe widths.
A value we describe as the "dimensionless range minimum" (defined as the lowest dimensionless minimum caliper found when the dimensionless stripe width varies from 0.05 to 0.15) can be used to select a preferred range of dimensionless roll sizes. This range is especially preferred for industrial use, but should not be considered a constraint Operation outside the dimensionless range minimum is acceptable as well.
By employing more rolls than just roll 12 bearing against mounting roll 20, an expanded range of regions with good coating caliper is obtained.
FIG. 8 and
Further performance improvements can be obtained by operating the contacting rolls at different speeds using a fixed or variable constant speed differential. The rotational period of the surface of a rotating body relative to another rotating body can also be changed by varying the size of the first body while holding its surface speed constant (e.g., by inflating or deflating or otherwise expanding or shrinking the roll). If the roll is constructed from a thermally expanding material, then the roll size (and the roll period) can also be modified by operating the roll at differing temperatures. Also, the position of a roll can be varied during operation. For example, a force can be applied to the end of and parallel to shaft 67 of roll 20 to cause roll 20 to oscillate back and forth relative to the contact faces of the rolls 12 and 14. This movement will induce sideways, cross-sheet movement of liquid and improve overall coating uniformity, especially if the initially applied stripe was not perfectly uniform. All of the above variations are useful, and all can be used to affect and improve the performance of the devices and methods of the invention and the uniformity of the caliper of the finished coating.
Very small variations in relative roll surface periods or surface speeds have been found to be useful. Variation can be accomplished, for example, by independently driving the rolls with separate motors and electrically varying the motor speeds. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of mechanical speed variation devices can also be employed, including variable speed transmissions, belt and pulley or gear chain and sprocket systems in which a pulley or sprocket diameter is changed, and limited slip clutches or braking to slow the rotation of a roll. A variety of speed variation functions can be employed, e.g., random or controlled variations, including variations having a periodic or non-periodic nature, random walks, linear ramp functions in time and intermittent changes. All can be used to lessen the number of revolutions of roll 20 required to produce uniform coating on a sheet. A preferred mode of speed variation is to vary the surface speed differential between a contacting roll and roll 20 sinusoidally as roll 20 is revolved. Improved results are obtained with small speed variations having amplitudes as low as 0.5 percent of the average. Often it is desirable to avoid larger amplitude variations, especially when large numbers of revolutions of roll 20 are employed, in order to avoid heat generation from excessively high speed differentials.
Preferably when two or more contacting rolls are employed, the contacting rolls have rotational periods that are different from one another and even more preferably are not periodically related to one another. This can conveniently be accomplished by selecting contacting rolls having appropriately chosen different diameters. The period of a contacting roll can be varied in other ways including dynamically changing the roll surface speed, diameter or position as described above.
When the period of a contacting roll is dynamically varied, the preferred period for the variation is longer than the period of revolution for roll 20. We define the "dimensionless relative speed period" for a contacting roll and roll 20 as the period of the relative speed differential between the contacting roll and roll 20 divided by the nominal period of rotation of roll 20. The dimensionless relative speed period will depend upon the chosen dimensionless roll size and stripe width. In general, improved performance for dimensionless stripe widths in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 will be obtained when the reciprocal of the dimensionless relative speed period is between 0.02 and 0.3.
A three roll apparatus in which two differently-sized contacting rolls act upon the sheet 24 can produce especially good coatings with dimensionless range minimums near 1.0 after only a few revolutions. In general, fewer revolutions of the mounting roll 20 are required in such devices than when only a single roll 12 or two equally-sized rolls 12 and 14 are employed. FIG. 11 and
Islands of poor performance are centered about abscissa and ordinate values equal to integer fractions u/v where u and v are integers. The size of an island is locally proportional to the lowest common denominator of the abscissa and ordinate of its center point expressed as fractions. Bands of relatively poor performance emanate from each axis along straight lines where the axis values are fractions. The lines are described by the family of equations y=(s/t)x+u/v where s, t, u, and v all are positive or negative integers and where y is the ordinate and x the abscissa. As shown in
Comparison of FIG. 11 and
The coating liquid can be applied in a variety of uneven patterns other than stripes, and by using methods other than the oscillating needle applicator shown in FIG. 1. For example, a pattern of droplets can be sprayed onto roll 12 or sheet 24 using a suitable non-contacting spray head or other drop-producing device. Examples of suitable drop-producing devices include point source nozzles such as airless, electrostatic, spinning disk and pneumatic spray nozzles. Line source atomization devices are also known and useful. The droplet size may range from very large (e.g., greater than 1 millimeter) to very small. The nozzle or nozzles can be oscillated back and forth across the substrate, e.g, in a manner similar to the above-described needle applicator. Particularly preferred drop-producing devices are described in the above-mentioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/841,380, and in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/841,381 filed Apr. 24, 2001 and entitled VARIABLE ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY COATING APPARATUS AND METHOD, (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,574 B1), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
The benefits of the present invention can be tested experimentally or simulated for each particular application. Many criteria can be applied to measure coating uniformity improvement. Examples include caliper standard deviation, ratio of minimum (or maximum) caliper divided by average caliper, range (defined as the maximum caliper minus the minimum caliper over time at a fixed observation point), and reduction in void area. For example, through the use of the present invention, range reductions of greater than 75%, greater than 80%, greater than 85% or even greater than 90% can be obtained. For discontinuous coatings (or in other words, coatings that initially have voids), the invention enables reductions in the total void area of greater than 50%, greater than 75%, greater than 90% or even greater than 99%. The application of this method can produce void-free coatings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the desired degree of coating uniformity improvement will depend on many factors including the type of coating, coating equipment and coating conditions, and the intended use for the coated substrate.
Through the use of the invention, 100% solids coating compositions can be converted to void-free or substantially void-free cured coatings with very low average calipers. For example, coatings having thicknesses less than 5 micrometers, less than 1 micrometer, less than 0.5 micrometer or even less than 0.1 micrometer can readily be obtained. Coatings having thicknesses greater than 5 micrometers can also be obtained. In such cases it may be useful to groove, knurl, etch or otherwise texture the surfaces of the contacting rolls so that they can accommodate the increased wet coating thickness.
A coating having random or periodic areas that are deficient in coating material can be analyzed by considering the coating to be made up of a uniform base coating underneath a voided coating of the same composition. The devices described herein will act to remove and reposition the top voided coating in a manner similar to their action on a lone voided coating. Thus the teachings provided herein for a voided coating also apply to a non-voided but non-uniform coating containing coating depressions. In a similar manner periodic or random excesses in a coating can be analyzed by considering the coating to be made up of a uniform base coating underlying a discontinuous top coating. Thus the teachings provided herein for a voided coating also apply to a non-voided but non-uniform coating containing coating surges.
Another aspect of the invention is that the devices and methods of the invention increase the rate of drying volatile liquids on a substrate. Drying is often carried out after a substrate has been treated by washing or by passage through a treating liquid. Here the main process objective is not to apply a liquid coating, but instead to remove liquid. For example, droplets, patches or films of liquid are commonly encountered in operations such as plating, coating, etching, chemical treatment, printing and slitting, as well as washing and cleaning in the electronics industry. When a liquid is placed on or is present on a substrate in the form of droplets, patches, or coatings of varying uniformity and if a dry substrate is desired, than the liquid must be removed. This removal can take place, for example, by evaporation or by converting the liquid into a solid residue or film. In industrial settings drying usually is accomplished using an oven. The time required to produce a dry substrate is constrained by the time required to dry the thickest caliper present. Conventional forced air ovens produce uniform heat transfer and do not provide a higher drying rate at locations of thicker caliper. Accordingly, the oven design and size must account for the highest anticipated drying load.
The devices and methods of the invention greatly increase the rate of substrate drying, and substantially reduce the time required to produce a dry substrate. Without intending to be bound by theory, the repeated contact of the wet coating with the contacting roll or rolls is believed to increase the exposed liquid surface area, thereby increasing the rate of heat and mass transfer. The repeated splitting, removal and re-deposition of liquid on the substrate may also enhance the rate of drying, by increasing temperature and concentration gradients and the heat and mass transfer rate. In addition, the proximity and motion of the contacting roll or rolls to the wet substrate may help break up rate limiting boundary layers near the liquid surface of the wet coating. All of these factors appear to aid in drying.
The devices and methods of the invention can be used to apply, make more uniform or dry coatings on a variety of flexible or rigid substrates, including paper, plastics, glass, metals and composite materials. The substrates can have a variety of surface topographies including smooth, textured, patterned, microstructured and porous surfaces (e.g., smooth films, corrugated films, prismatic optical films, electronic circuits and nonwoven webs). The substrates can have a variety of uses, including tapes, membranes (e.g., fuel cell membranes), insulation, optical films or components, electronic films, components or precursors thereof, and the like. The substrates can have one layer or many layers under the coating layer. The invention is especially useful for quickly evaluating a series of coated substrates prior to scale-up of large-scale web manufacturing processes. The invention is also useful for preparing calibration standards, and for modifying the optical, chemical, mechanical or electrical properties of a sheet surface without resorting to hand spreads or to extreme dilution of a coating formulation with solvents or water. The invention is especially useful in view of the extremely thin coating calipers that can be achieved.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Using a coating device like that shown in
The coating device had two steel pick-and-place contacting rolls having face widths of 305 mm and respective diameters of 69.24 mm and 52.45 mm. These pick-and-place rolls could be referred to respectively as the primary and secondary rolls. They provided dimensionless roll sizes of 0.07209 and 0.05461, respectively. The primary roll was undercut on each end leaving a 114 mm raised portion in the center. The secondary roll was driven by a DAYTON™ Model 2H530 DC gearmotor controlled using a DAYTON™ Model 4Z527E DC speed controller (both from Dayton Electric Mfg. Co., Niles, Ill.).
The lubricant oil (MOBIL 1™, Exxon Mobil Corp, having a designated viscosity range of 5w-30) was modified by adding a fluorescent organic liquid (9-allyl fluorene) at a concentration of 1 part liquid to 9 parts of oil. Using a syringe pump (model 55-1144 from Harvard Apparatus, South Natich, Mass.), the resulting coating liquid was supplied through flexible 4 mm OD plastic tubing to a flexible plastic needle mounted upon the carriage block of a UNISLIDE™ Model MB2515W2J-S2 � translation device (Velmex Inc., Bloomfield, N.Y.) driven by a BODINE™ Model NSH-12R gearmotor (Bodine Electric Co., Chicago, Ill.) and controlled using a BHL DIGISYSTEM™ Model DXT-15VR1.3 motor controller. The needle was 0.86 mm in diameter, and was positioned so that the tip of the needle made contact with the primary roll.
Preparation of a coated sample used the following procedure. With the rubber-covered mounting roll placed in the docking station, a single BOPP sheet was applied with the corona treated side facing outward and centered on the roll. Static electricity held the sheet in place. The resulting sheet-wrapped mounting roll was lifted from the docking station, set atop the primary and secondary rolls of the coating device, and centered with respect to the raised portion of the primary roll.
The applied volume of coating liquid could be varied by altering any one or more of several variables including the discharge rate of the syringe pump, the number of traverses of the needle across the primary roll face, and the needle traverse speed. These variables were adjusted to achieve the desired applied volume of coating liquid as a uniform, continuous ribbon or line of liquid in a single stripe across the primary roll.
After application of the liquid stripe to the primary roll, the secondary roll drive motor was started and the rubber roll rotated at a speed of 125 revolutions per minute for a period of 3 minutes. During rotation, the coating repeatedly transferred back and forth between the contacting rolls and the sheet surface and became uniform in appearance. After a total of approximately 375 revolutions, the rotation was stopped. The rubber roll was carefully removed and placed on the docking station. The coated BOPP sheet was then removed and taped to a cardboard frame for inspection. The volume of applied coating liquid and thus the average liquid caliper on the sheet was calculated by assuming uniform coverage on the primary and secondary rolls and the BOPP sheet at the end of the coating cycle. One or more square samples having dimensions of 38 mm�38 mm were removed from each sheet for fluorescence measurements. The samples were irradiated at a wavelength of 254 nm and fluorescence was measured at 312.66 nm. Set out below in Table 1 are the results of the fluorescence measurements:
The coated sheets of Examples 1 through 9 all appeared to have uniform void-free coatings. All coatings were made using a single pass of the applicator needle against the primary roll. The results in Table 1 demonstrate near linear correlation between predicted caliper and fluorescence except at the lowest caliper. Examples 7a through 7g (and likewise Examples 8a through 8g and Examples 9a through 9g) were multiple samples taken from a single sheet. These individual samples demonstrate very good uniformity for the coating method of the invention and the attainment of very low average coating caliper.
Using the device and method of Examples 1-9, a coating liquid formulation containing 65 parts glycerol, 35 parts water, 0.25 parts of a fluorinated wetting agent (3M™ FLUORAD™ FC129, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn.), and 0.25 parts of an optical brightener (TINOPAL™, Ciba Performance Chemicals) was coated onto BOPP sheets. By using multiple needle traverses across the primary roll, thicker caliper coatings than those formed in Examples 1-9 were obtained. The coating stripes were spaced uniformly around the circumference of the primary roll in lines parallel to the rotational axis of the primary roll by rotating the primary roll slightly between each traverse of the needle. The coated samples were irradiated at a wavelength of 360 nm and fluorescence was measured at 430 nm. The coatings appeared uniform and void-free. Samples were cut from four portions of each sheet. The results are set out below in Table 2.
As shown in Table 2, there was a very linear correlation between coating and fluorescence intensity. A wide range of coating calipers was achieved by changing the needle flow rate and number of needle passes while holding the needle traverse speed constant. This illustrated one manner in which a wide range of target calipers can easily be obtained.
Various modifications and alterations of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. This invention should not be restricted to that which has been set forth herein only for illustrative purposes.
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