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Lila Downs
Oaxaca, OAX, MX
Venue Address (Get Directions)City Winery - Napa
Date and Time
Sunday, August 17th, 2014 at 1:00pm
Lila Downs (SOLD OUT sign up on the wait list for chance to get tickets) About:LILA DOWNS BiographyLila Downs is the daughter of a Mixtec Indian woman, Anastasia Sanchez, who ran away from her village at 19 to sing in Mexico City cantinas and a Minnesota-born, Scottish-American professor, Allen Downs, who saw her singing and fell in love. Lila Downs was born in the Oaxacan mountain town of Tlaxiaco, 7,000 feet up in the heavens. The first songs she remembers are her mother singing Lola Beltrn's heartfelt rancheras, and her father singing Woody Guthrie's ''This Land Is Your Land.'' Her border-blurring, multicultural upbringing infused Downs with a firm world view in support of the disenfranchised working classes and an aesthetic vision that embraces cross-cultural pollinations.As a result Downs has become one of the most innovative exponents of Mesoamerican music on both sides of the border. Her lyrics are high-minded and sentient and her sound is all encompassing. By drawing on a pan-Latin palette of music as well as American folk, jazz, blues and rock, Downs and her worldly band of kindred spirits, La Misteriosa, have won accolades and a devoted following of world music fans. Known for her smoky voice and magnetic performances, Downs has created a unique body of work that defies categorization in any single genre.Lila Downs has long been recognized by the music industry, receiving a Latin Grammy for the 2004 release Una Sangre and a Grammy nomination for 2008s Shake Away, as well as various performance awards from around the world. Her newest release, "Pecados y Milagros" (Sony Music Entertianment Mexico, 2011) hit #1 on the Mexican music charts immediately after its initial release, and reached Platinum + Gold status. The CD was released in the United States on January 31st, 2012, on the Sony Music Latin imprint and garnered a Latin Grammy for Best Folk Album, and a Grammy for Best Regional Mexican Music Album.ARTIST WEBSITE | |FACEBOOK| | TWITTER


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I'd likely be up for a trip then.keg Today, 20:24
Moving to Anchorage in August. Looking for a group of hangers! Even better if you fish and or ride dirtbikes. I will buy lunch if you can show me a placeRorySeiter Today, 20:24
The first time I pulled in the parking lot there was about 8 rescue trucks and maybe 20 guys that had just finished looking for a red headed fellow thatfloorman Today, 20:22
Where does your dog sleep? I want to bring my lab and (English) pointer, but I am afraid they will get too cold on the ground. They sure aren't comingRorySeiter Today, 20:21
Tenacious Tape should do the jobbkrgi Today, 20:19
This looks like a really good deal, especially for the weight. You may be recieving an order from me in the near futureSpencer Today, 20:17
How about fighting off a bear?
Take pictures please. I wanna see this.
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text: The Hotel Milano was wonderfull, the rooms were clean and the food was great. My girlfriend and I got a little lost going from France to Florence and stumbled onto Massa, whitch turned out to be one of the best parts of our trip. The town was nice and and relaxing, but the best part about it was the people... More


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Sensors include nano-porous alumina membranes that are sensitized by immobilization of antibodies in the nano-pores. The nano-membranes can be sensitized to respond to a single target compound, or different portions of the nano-membrane can be differently sensitized. Capture of the target compound can be detected based on a spectral signature associated with electrical conductance in the nano-pores.
1. A sensor, comprising:
a substrate having defined therein at least one nano-porous membrane portion that includes a plurality of nano-pores;
a first conductor electrically coupled to a first set of nano-pores defined in the membrane; and
a first sensitizing agent immobilized at the first set of nano-pores.
2. The sensor of
a second conductor electrically coupled to a second set of nano-pores; and
a second sensitizing agent immobilized at the second set of nano-pores.
3. The sensor of
4. The sensor of
5. The sensor of
6. The sensor of
7. The sensor of
8. The sensor of
9. The sensor of
10. A method, comprising:
administering a test specimen to an assembly of nano-pores sensitized to a selected target compound; and
evaluating an electrical signal associated with administration of the test specimen to the nano-pores; and
assessing the test specimen based on the evaluation.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. A sensor, comprising:
a first conductor electrically coupled to a first set of sensitized nano-pores; and
a signature analyzer electrically coupled to the first conductor, and configured to estimate at least one signature portion based on an electrical signal coupled from the first conductor.
20. The sensor of
21. The sensor of
22. An apparatus, comprising:
a base substrate having a plurality of conductor segments defined thereon;
a nano-porous membrane secured to the base substrate, the nano-porous membrane including a plurality of sets of sensitized nano-pores, the sets of nano-pores electrically coupled to corresponding conductor segments; and
a fluid chamber configured receive a test fluid and communicate the test fluid to the sets of sensitized nano-pores.
23. The apparatus of
24. The apparatus of
25. The apparatus of
26. A method, comprising:
selecting a pore size and a pore density;
selecting a composition, temperature, and current density of an electrolyte bath based on the selected pore size;
exposing an aluminum substrate to an electrolyte bath, and
anodizing the substrate with the selected a composition, temperature, and current density so as to produce nano-pores of the selected size and density.
27. The method of
selecting a first pore size and density and a second pore size density;
selecting a first and second composition, temperature, and current density of an electrolyte bath based on the selected pore sizes and densities;
anodizing a first portion of the aluminum substrate at the first composition, temperature, and current density and a second portion of the aluminum substrate at the second composition, temperature, and current density.
28. A method of producing a nanoporous alumina membrane, comprising:
providing an electrolyte bath at a predetermined temperature; and
increasing an extent to which an aluminum substrate is immersed in the electrolyte bath while varying a bath temperature or composition so as to produce nanopores with correspondingly variable pore sizes.
29. The method of
30. The method of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/742,010, filed Dec. 2, 2005, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/778,636, filed Feb. 27, 2006, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/793,372, filed Apr. 19, 2006, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The disclosure pertains to nano-porous membrane based sensors and other biosensors.
Genomics and proteomics research has identified biomarkers that can be used in the detection and treatment of many diseases. Disease assessment can be based on one or many biomarkers, and in some cases, different biomarkers may be appropriate for different disease stages. Such biomarkers can be used to assess disease progress and aid in determining treatment as well as in judging the effectiveness of a course of treatment. Accordingly, biomarker based measurements can permit improved patient care.
Unfortunately, biomarker based measurements can be slow, expensive, or otherwise impractical. Conventional methods used with biomarkers are typically based on gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), plasma resonance, or other techniques. These methods generally have limited sensitivity, slow response, and lack specificity. Thus, although biomarkers offer promise for improved disease treatment and diagnosis, these advantages have not been realized in practice, and improved methods and apparatus are needed.
Biomarker detectors can be fabricated to include a plurality of nano-pores formed in a suitable substrate. Such nano-pores can be arranged in regular patterns, irregularly, or can be randomly distributed. The nano-pores can be of similar sizes (length, cross-sectional area), or different sizes or a selected distribution of sizes can be provided in a single substrate. Nano-pores typically have cross-sectional areas similar to the cross-sectional areas of cylinders having diameters of between about 5 nm and 1000 nm. Nano-pore aspect ratios (length/diameter) typically are in a range from about 0.5 to 1000. Dimensions, shapes, and aspect ratios can be selected based on a particular application. Nano-pore cross-sectional areas can be rectangular, hexagonal, circular, elliptical, or other shape. Nano-porous membranes can be used for specimen analysis based on, for example, sample size and structure (size based filtration) or based on nano-pore sensitization using antibodies or other sensitizing agents.
Nano-porous membranes are formed by providing a substrate with a plurality of nano-pores. In some examples, a substrate includes nano-pores that are all of the same size, arranged in a series of rows and columns, but other arrangements of pores of the same or different sizes can be used. Nano-pores in one or more regions of the membrane are electrically connected to a readout amplifier, typically a differential amplifier that can produce a signal based on a difference in an electrical characteristic of the nano-pores in the different regions. The electrical readout can be processed to obtain, for example, a spectrum (using, for example, a fast Fourier transform), a power spectral density, or to identify a particular spectral component associated with an intended response. The electrical readout can be configured to permit measurement of a time evolution of response so that, for example, spectrum as a function of exposure time is determined.
Substrates are generally selected for ease of nano-pore formation. Aluminum is convenient as it can be electrochemically processed to produce alumina nano-pores of hexagonal cross-sectional area, and having different aspect ratios. Aspect ratios (length/diameter) of at least about 1000:1 can be achieved. Aperture dimensions can be configured based on electrochemical bath temperature and composition, applied voltage, current density, and/or exposure duration. Different aperture dimensions can be provided on a single substrate by selectively processing different substrate regions. Different size pores can be particularly useful in sized-based protein trapping in which the response of different pore sizes can be associated with protein size or other analyte property. For electrical measurements, the substrate is preferably substantially non-conductive, although configurations in which the nano-pores are electrically isolated from the substrate can be used as well. Substrates such as silicon, silicon oxides and nitrides can also be used, and apertures can be formed by wet or dry etching, ion beam milling, or other process. Surface portions of the substrate can be coated with a conductive material such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, or other material by sputtering, evaporation, or other processes so as to electrically couple a pluralities of nano-pores forming sets of nano-pores. In typical examples, antibodies or other sensitizing agents are immobilized on surfaces of the nano-pores, typically nano-pore sidewalls.
In representative examples, sensors comprise a substrate having defined therein at least one nano-porous membrane portion that includes a plurality of nano-pores. A first conductor is electrically coupled to a first set of nano-pores defined in the membrane, and a first sensitizing agent is immobilized at the first set of nano-pores. In further examples, a second conductor is electrically coupled to a second set of nano-pores, and a second sensitizing agent is immobilized at the second set of nano-pores. In some examples, the first sensitizing agent and the second sensitizing agent are the same or the first sensitizing agent and the second sensitizing agent are different. In additional examples, sensors further comprise a base substrate, wherein the first and second conductors are defined on the base substrate. In other examples, a spectrum analyzer is in communication with the first and/or second conductors and is configured to produce an estimate of a received signal portion associated with a signature frequency or frequencies. In additional examples, the spectrum analyzer is configured to produce an estimate of a received signal portion associated with at least two frequencies associated with a first signature and a second signature.
Sensor methods comprise administering a test specimen to an assembly of nano-pores sensitized to a selected target compound, and evaluating an electrical signal associated with administration of the test specimen to the nano-pores. The test specimen can be assessed based on the evaluation. In some examples, the electrical signal is evaluated to identify a magnitude of at least one electrical spectral peak associated with exposure of the sensitized nano-pores to the target compound, and the test specimen is assessed based on the magnitude. In further examples, the electrical signal is evaluated to identify an electrical signature associated with the target compound, and the test specimen is assessed based on the signature. According to some examples, the signature includes at least two electrical frequency components. In additional examples, the test specimen is administered to an assembly of nano-pores sensitized to at least a first and a second target compound. A first electrical signal and a second electrical signal are associated with a first set of nano-pores sensitized to the first target compound and a second set of nano-pores associated with the second target compound, respectively, and the test specimen is evaluated based on electrical signatures associated with the first target compound and the second target compound. In one example, the first target compound is C-reactive protein (CRP) and the second compound is myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Sensors are described herein that include a first conductor electrically coupled to a first set of sensitized nano-pores, and a signature analyzer electrically coupled to the first conductor, wherein the signature analyzer is configured to estimate at least one signature portion based on an electrical signal coupled from the first conductor. In some examples, the signature portion is a signal magnitude in a selected frequency range. A signature database can be provided, and the signature analyzer configured to produce an indication of a presence or concentration of at least one analyte based on a comparison of the at least one signature portion with at least one stored signature.
A representative sensor comprises a base substrate having a plurality of conductor segments defined thereon, and a nano-porous membrane secured to the base substrate. The nano-porous membrane includes a plurality of sets of sensitized nano-pores electrically coupled to corresponding conductor segments. A fluid chamber is configured to receive a test fluid and communicate the test fluid to the sets of sensitized nano-pores. In an exemplary embodiment, the nano-porous membrane is an alumina membrane having a plurality of nano-pores with effective diameters in a range of about 5 nm to about 500 nm. In some examples, the first set of nano-pores has an effective diameter that is larger than an effective diameter of the second set of nano-pores.
Methods of fabricating alumina nano-porous membranes comprise selecting a pore size and exposing an aluminum substrate to an electrolyte bath, wherein a composition and temperature of the electrolyte bath are based on the selected pore size. In some examples, nano-pores of different effective diameters are produced by increasing an extent to which an aluminum substrate is immersed in the electrolyte bath while varying bath temperature or composition. In some examples, the extent is increased in steps or substantially continuously.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed technology will become more apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As used in this application and in the claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Additionally, the term "includes" means "comprises." Further, the term "coupled" means electrically, electromagnetically, or fluidically coupled or linked and does not exclude the presence of intermediate elements between the coupled items.
The described systems, apparatus, and methods described herein should not be construed as limiting in any way. Instead, the present disclosure is directed toward all novel and non-obvious features and aspects of the various disclosed embodiments, alone and in various combinations and sub-combinations with one another. The disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus are not limited to any specific aspect or feature or combinations thereof, nor do the disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus require that any one or more specific advantages be present or problems be solved.
Although the operations of some of the disclosed methods are described in a particular, sequential order for convenient presentation, it should be understood that this manner of description encompasses rearrangement, unless a particular ordering is required by specific language set forth below. For example, operations described sequentially may in some cases be rearranged or performed concurrently. Moreover, for the sake of simplicity, the attached figures may not show the various ways in which the disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus can be used in conjunction with other systems, methods, and apparatus. Additionally, the description sometimes uses terms like "produce" and "provide" to describe the disclosed methods. These terms are high-level abstractions of the actual operations that are performed. The actual operations that correspond to these terms will vary depending on the particular implementation and are readily discernible by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to
In a convenient example, the nano-membrane 102 is an alumina membrane formed from an aluminum foil, and gold conductor strips are patterned and formed on the base substrate 104 using contact photolithography. Other membrane materials can be used, and conductors of silver, gold, copper, or other conductor or semi-conductor materials can be used. The fluid chamber is formed of polydimethoxysilane (PDMS), but other materials can be used. Alternatively, the chamber 106 can be omitted and test materials dispensed directly onto the first surface of the nano-membrane 102.
The base substrate 104 is generally an insulator, or includes an insulator portion. For example, silicon with an oxide layer can serve as the base substrate, wherein the conductor strips are defined on or in the oxide layer so as to be substantially electrically isolated. Such a base substrate can be especially convenient for inclusion of detection electronics in the base substrate. However, other substrate materials such as glass, fused silica, polycarbonate, polyimides, ceramics, epoxy, plastics, or the like can be used.
In an example, the base substrate is formed using a 2 cm by 2 cm section of silicon wafer cleaved from a larger wafer. This substrate is cleaned in piranha solution, spin coated with a positive photoresist, and a quartz photomask is used to define features 1 μm by 2 cm. A 10 nm thick gold film is sputter coated onto the photoresist, and gold conductor strips 2 μm by 2 cm can be formed using a lift off process.
A representative method of membrane fabrication is outlined in
Multi-step anodizations can also be used. In a typical two step anodization, a first step is used to form a concave texture, and a second step is used to form nanostructures, typically at locations at which texture changes were formed in the first step. In a typical first anodization, the aluminum substrates are mounted on a copper plate anode, and a graphite plate is used a cathode. During anodization, the electrolyte is vigorously stirred and/or recycled, and cell voltage, current, and temperature are monitored and recorded. In this first anodization, cell potential is fixed at about 40 V and the substrates are exposed to 0.3 M oxalic acid (H2C2O4) electrolyte solution for about 3 hrs at about 25� C. In a second anodization, partially anodized substrates are exposed to a mixture of 6% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1.8% by weight chromic acid for about 10 hrs at a temperature of about 60� C. After this second anodization, the first anodization is repeated for about 5 hrs. Pores are generally about 20 nm wide and about 25 nm deep. Any remaining aluminum in the substrates can be removed with a saturated mercuric chloride solution.
In typical examples, nanopores having diameters of about 25, 50, and 100 nm are produced using cell voltages of about 12 V, 25 V, and 40 V, respectively, at a cell temperature of about 60� C. Current density varies from about 1.2 A/cm2 to 5 A/cm2. Pore densities can be varied from about 6�108/cm2 to about 5�1010/cm2, and are typically directly proportional to current density and inversely proportional to cell temperature.
In the second anodization step, varying the electrolyte temperature from 25� C. to 50� C. in increments of 1� C. for every 10 minutes permits selection of pore widths in a range of about 12 nm to 200 nm. Varying the applied voltage from 40 V to 70 V at 5 V increments every 10 minutes permits selection of pore surface density in a range of about 105 pores/mm2 to 1015 pores/mm2, and pore depth can be altered from about 10 nm to 250 nm by increasing the voltage. By varying the concentrations of oxalic, phosphoric and chromic acids from about (1:0.5:0.5) by volume to about (2:3:3) by volume, pore width can be varied from about 12 nm to 750 nm. Specific combinations of these conditions can be used to obtain selected pore dimensions and pore densities. These conditions are summarized in Table 1 below.
Pores typically nucleate at surfaces of the substrates at approximately random locations, and pores have random locations and a broad distribution of sizes. Under certain specific conditions, a hexagonal ordering of pores is produced. These pores are well suited for trapping of nanometer sized particles. Pore sizes for a particular application can be selected based on a protein size so that the target protein "fits" the pores. Such a fit can reduce non-specific binding events, increasing measurement sensitivity and reliability.
Sensors can be interrogated by coupling one or more conductor strips as shown in
The conductors 702-704 can be associated with different sensitizations (for example, contacted to nano-pores on which different types of antibodies are immobilized.). Electrical signals from the conductors 702-704 are based on, for example, effective conductance variations associated with binding of antigen-antibody complexes. These electrical signals exhibit complex time domain behavior, but generally have characteristic features or "signatures" when viewed in the frequency domain. Typically, a specific bound complex is associated with one or more characteristic frequencies, and signal magnitude at the characteristic frequency (or frequencies) is a function of analyte concentration.
Characteristic frequencies can be detected with a spectrum analyzer 712 that is coupled to the selected conductor (or conductors) and that receives an electrical signal associated with the sensitized conductors/nano-pores. The spectrum analyzer 712 can be implemented using a mixer and a swept oscillator with a detector that is coupled to evaluate a magnitude and/or phase of a difference or sum frequency from the mixer. Alternatively, a time record of the coupled electrical signal can be stored, and a spectrum obtained using, for example, a fast Fourier transform. In some examples, a power spectrum is obtained in order to identify presence of a targeted material, or a response to a compound under investigation. A differential electrical signal is generally used such that a difference signal associated with a reference conductor and a conductor coupled to sensitized nano-pores is evaluated. Signals are generally available within seconds after exposure of a sensitized membrane to an analyte, and thus permit rapid analyte assessment. A signature analysis processor 714 is generally coupled to receive the detected spectra and, based on signatures stored in a signature database 716, determine presence and/or concentration of one or more analytes.
In one example, one or more specific protein biomarkers are bound to one or more nano-porous membranes that have been treated with an antibody receptor. Detected voltage variations are based on binding of the antibody-antigen protein complex to a base substrate. As an example, protein biomarkers associated with plaque rupture can be selected. These biomarkers can be used to assess perioperative ischemia which can be a predictor of surgical outcome. Selected biomarkers can be C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Purified samples of CRP, anti-CRP, MPO, and anti-MPO can be lyophilized from 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) and 20 mM sodium acetate buffer, respectively, at a pH of about 7.2. CRP and MPR concentrations typically range from about 10 mg/ml to 50 ng/ml. Serum spiked samples include both proteins reconstituted in 20% human serum.
Base substrates and/or nano-porous membranes can be coated and incubated at about 37� C. for about 2 minutes. The base substrate can be selectively coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) having a concentration of about 2 μg/ml in non-metallic areas and washed with PBS to reduce detection of non-specific binding. Pores can be selectively sensitized using micro injection techniques based on ink jet printing that can produce streamed liquid droplets in sizes ranging from about 1 μm to 5 μm. Volumes up to 500 ml can typically be dispensed from a single ink jet before ink jet replenishment is needed. Alternatively, antibodies in liquid form can be extracted from glass micro capillaries of pore widths of about 1-2 μm using vacuum suction. Extracted volumes are typically about 100 μL. Micro syringes can also be used to manually transfer specific antibodies to selected regions. Micro syringe volumes are typically about 5 μL.
Response of sensors sensitized with CRP antibodies were measured with no additional analyte exposure, with exposure to test CRP samples, as well as an MPO containing specimen to determine non-specific binding. Representative spectra are illustrated in
Similar results for MPO antibody sensitized devices are illustrated in
Response signatures are summarized in Table 2 below.
As shown in
A sectional view of another representative sensor 1100 is provided in a
A representative nano-porous membrane based sensor 1300 is illustrated in
In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosed technology may be applied, it should be recognized that the illustrated embodiments are only preferred examples and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. For convenience, nano-pore sensitizations for CRP and MPO are described, but other sensitizations are possible such as sensitization for prostate specific antibody or other biomarkers. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims. We therefore claim as our invention all that comes within the scope and spirit of these claims.
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This week's Gearty Grilling: Tim Allen on his controversial fieldwork in Africa
Tim Allen, Professor of Development Anthropology, discusses the controversy surrounding his fieldwork in Africa in the latest Gearty Grilling.
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|Biased or balanced? ----A study of British and Chinese newspaper coverage of climate change in the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
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Recent Posts
Lego Links
Author Archives: Joseph
Ultimate Hobby & Toy Fair
VicLUG will be at Cherry Bomb's Ultimate Hobby & Toy Fair because we never miss the happiest day of the year! It takes place in the Pearkes Recreation field house beside Silver City and Tillicum Mall. It's on May 3rd … Continue reading
Tillicum Lego Mania
VicLUG and Robin Sathers will be making another Lego Mania event on March 13-15 at Tillicum Mall! There are over 100 entries from kids into the contest and we'll be having a Duplo big build, moc area with Where's Waldo, … Continue reading
Gottacon 2015
VicLUG will be at the 6th Gottacon on Feb. 27th to Mar. 1st at the downtown Victoria Convention Centre. We'll be running VicWars, Lego D20 plus our kid build zone and a board games table. VicWars will have a new … Continue reading
Sidney Christmas Grotto
Xmas village under attack from Imperial Forces. Our contribution to Sidney's Christmas Grotto. Check it out @ 2387 Beacon Avenue (next door to Alexander's Coffee).
Fundraiser for Dacian
VicLUG will be participating in a fundraiser for young Dacian who has MS and needs a specialized van in the future. We are partnering with our good buddies Heroes Inc on October 25th at the Commonwealth Recreation Centre. The event … Continue reading
Cherry Bomb Ultimate Toy Show – Oct. 5th
VicLUG will be at the upcoming Cherry Bomb Ultimate Toy and Hobby show, we haven't missed one yet! It's at Pearkes Arena, behind Silvery City and Tillicum Mall. Kids are free admission Adults : $5 9am – 3pm Early birds: … Continue reading
Cherry Bomb – April 27th
VicLUG will be at the upcoming Cherry Bomb Ultimate Hobby & Toy Fair on April 27th. Along with our regular Lego shop and kid build zone we are planning our first ever Great Ball Contraption. The Toy Fair is at … Continue reading
Tillicum Lego Mania 2014
VicLUG was at Tillicum Lego Mania for the 5th year running, partnering with Robin Sather of Brickville this time to make the Gates of Harmonious Interest from China Town. The theme of this year's event was 'Old Victoria' and the … Continue reading
Tillicum LEGO Mania Challenge
Name of Event: Tillicum LEGO Mania Challenge Date: March 15th – 17th, 2013 Place: Tillicum Centre 3170 Tillicum Road, Victoria, B.C., V9A 7C5 Contact: Anna Haney firstname.lastname@example.com 250-381-7123 Description: Come and join us for our 4th annual Tillicum LEGO Mania … Continue reading
2013 Lego pt. 5 Chima
Chima roundup time! Images open in new window all biggified like. Gorillas! Squirrels! Hero Factory scale parts look neat, here's 70201 Chi Eris You can get a zoo of those new crystals in this Chima boardgame: Have you seen the … Continue reading


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Seagull at Lang Creek
Posted by niceprguy2 on Sep. 19, 2011
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
With the 4th of July around the corner, we celebrate the most kick-ass USA ...
Dude, are you drunk AND high? Or are you just being PRANKED?!
Posted by niceprguy2 on Sep. 19, 2011


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Recent Pedregal reviews
"This was an amazing penthouse. Enough space for everyone. Very clean. Convenient. You can walk to town, however, it is a little hike. The management company even came to check on us too make sure everything was going smoothly. Lyle is great. You can call him if you need anything. I was very comfortable during my stay and will be likely to use this PH again on my next stay in Cabo. Everything that is stated is provided. Excellent. Five stars and it's worth it. Can't beat the price. Thanks again!!! FYI...if you do take a cab, DO NOT let them charge you over $10 and make sure u bring plenty of small bills with you."Guest: Janice G. Date of Stay: June 2015 Review Submitted: June 27, 2015View listing
"Some friends and I booked Villa Descanso for a bachelor party weekend. I know I speak for everyone when I say the house blew everyone's expectations out of the water. Seriously, even the pictures don't do this place justice. It's a quick cab ride away from the beach and restaurants, and Fortunato and the staff on hand took great care of us. The view is unbelievable, and the accommodations were extremely comfortable. Very secure gated community with other unbelievable houses nearby. Five stars, A+, just awesome."Guest: Robin Date of Stay: March 2015 Review Submitted: March 24, 2015View listing
"Wow! We would wake up to the most amazing sunrise every morning while having coffee on the pool deck - we would also watch whales all day from the vast deck. The salt water pool and jauquizzi were fantastic and so nice and warm. The house is even nicer than the photos. It is so nicely furnished and spotless. Very comfy furniture. It is very well cared for! The location is perfectly located making for an easy walk to town or a quick taxi ride. The owner is fantastic to work with and attended to every request. We would not hesitate to recommend this property and look forward to returning to this slice of paradise."Guest: Brenda T. Date of Stay: January 2015 Review Submitted: February 25, 2015View listing
"The margaritas on arrival were a very nice touch. The place was clean, the view beautiful. It was a little hike to get up the hill to this villa, but if you had eaten enough (and we always did!), then the hike was a good way to help burn off a full tummy. The kitchen was well supplied with needed utensils, but please renew your pottery:). We cooked a lot, so the kitchen worked well. Pool and hot tub were very nice - they heated up fast."Guest: MTRAVW Date of Stay: February 2015 Review Submitted: March 5, 2015View listing
Featured Destinations: The Villages, Rosemary Beach, Destin Condo Rentals, Amelia Island, Myrtle Beach, Outer Banks


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Tag » music video
5 Feminist News Stories You Might Have Missed This Week
BY Holly Trantham in Feminism on Feb 20, 2015
Pussy Riot's New Music Video Is A Powerful Stand Against Police Brutality
BY Holly Trantham in Music on Feb 18, 2015
Is This The Feminist Pop Anthem Of 2015? You Decide...
BY PRINCESS WEEKES in Music on Feb 15, 2015
Karen O's 'Day Go By' Video Is Mesmerizing
BY Ada Guzman in Music on Jan 22, 2015
Maya Angelou's "Caged Bird Songs" Finally Has a Video For You to Enjoy
BY Marissa Dubecky in Music on Dec 16, 2014
Fred Armisen Stars in New Kate Pierson Music Video "Mister Sister"
BY Natalia Hadjigeorgiou in Arts on Dec 09, 2014
New Perfume Genius Video!: Add Golden Rollerblades to Your Xmas List...
BY Audrey Cerchiara in Music on Dec 08, 2014
Cara Delevnigne and Pharrell: Chanel Royalty in New Video
BY Madison N Nunes in Music on Dec 05, 2014
On Newsstands Now: June/July 2015
Trending on BUST
Upcoming Events
|Caitlin Moran at Strand Books (NYC)
Tue Jul 07 @ 7:00PM - 08:00PM
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Wed Jul 08 @ 7:00AM - 09:00PM
|Yoko Ono: One Woman Show, 1960–1971 (NYC)
Fri Jul 10 @ 1:30PM - 03:00PM
|The Film Society of Lincoln Center Presents I Found this Funny: The Comedy World of Judd Apatow (NYC)
Fri Jul 10 @ 4:30PM - 12:00AM
|Pitchfork Music Festival (CHI)
Fri Jul 17 @ 3:30PM - 12:00AM


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The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
GFF Videos
Emerger 01
Originator:Ronnie B Goodwin
Submitter:Ronnie B Goodwin
|More great articles on The Global FlyFisher
|A couple of random articles
Big Hole DemonA classical pattern originated back in the sixties - here adapted for Scandinavian sea trout fishing, but probably also useful for bass and other species as well as the brownies it was originally tied for. The fly is fairly easy to tie and we have made it even simpler.
January 20th 2009


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It's like Sky Mobile TV, just with a little more Go.
Sky has confirmed that the iPhone and iPads for its rebranded Sky Go service will arrive in time for the Premier League football season in August.
The service formerly known as Sky Player arrived in its new, somewhat similar guise, for Mac and PC this week, but the launch of the iOS apps will come slightly later. Until that time, existing Sky Mobile TV users will be able to continue using their iOS apps.
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The new iPhone, iPad and iPod touch app, which is free to all current Sky TV subscribers, will allow users to watch all five Sky Sports channels (1, 2, 3, 4 and News), as well as ESPN and Sky News, on the go if you have the corresponding TV package.
The company says that it plans to add more channels and devices to the service over time and that the roll-out is supported by its recent acquisition of The Cloud, which offers free Wi-Fi in over 4,500 locations across the UK.
If you don't have a Sky home subscription, you'll be able to sign up for a Sky Go package costing between £15 and £40 a month from August.
We like this news, it makes us feel like the footy season is just around the corner.
Link: Sky Go


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US Is "More Communist than China": Jim RogersQuicklink submitted by Sheila Samples Permalink
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|The nationalization of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shows that the U.S. is "more communist than China right now" but its brand of socialism is meant only for the rich, investor Jim Rogers, CEO of Rogers Holdings, told CNBC Europe. "You can see that this is welfare of the rich, it is socialism for the rich it's just bailing out financial institutions," Rogers said.
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LEO's and CCW's: What do you carry?
New to the forum...
Was wondering if you are an LEO, or a CCW permit holder, what do you carry on/off duty?
I am a Smith and Wesson M&P guy myself... .45 on duty, 9mm off
CCW holder and i carry a Ruger SR9c for my everyday. love it!
CCW and I carry a Springfield XDm 3.8 9mm
I'm not old enough to legally care a handgun on me yet, but I recently purchased a 4th gen Glock Model 17 9mm. I love it! I'm sure by the time I turn 21 I will have a newer, better gun. For the time being I love it, especially the interchangeable backtraps. The only thing I dislike is that it doesn't have night sights on it. I plan on just getting some glow in the dark sight paint for it though. We have a lot of S&W's too, but this glock just fits me well for now.
We carry Glock 37 or 38 (your choice, I have the smaller 38) on duty, .45GAP cartridge. I think the GAP is redundant now that Glock has the .45ACP but we bought them right before the ACP came out. They have proven themselves though....twice in the last year. Some of our UC guys also carry the Kahr P380 for complete concealment.
I carry my own Glock 26, baby 9mm, with Glock night sights off duty.
I am A CCW Holder and i carry a Springfield XDM 3.8 40 s&w with crimson trace lg-448 laser, All day every day
Good to see so many CCW's... A lot of LEO's on here too.... I love my M&P... You glock guys may just learn to love em' too... check em' out.... They have adjustable backstraps, and shoot dirty (I've gone 500 rounds between cleanings before)... The only thing I don't care for is the trigger reset.... There's no "glock click"
yeah the xdm has the adjustable back straps also, and i love the lg-448 laser on it, it fits soooo nicely, i had crossbreed make me a custom iwb holster for it, i will get a pic or two of it, its awesome
I haven't had a chance to mess with the M&Ps much except fondling a couple at the gun store, lol. I know the Probation guys and gals in our area carry them and seems like a couple of other state agencies but I can't remember who.
My bro-in-law is a CCW holder and carries a Taurus Millennium Pro .45ACP. It's an okay cheap to mid priced gun but he has another that I like better....a Beretta PX4 Storm 9mm. That thing is a tack driver! I'm not a fan of external hammer guns anymore but if you like a traditional SA/DA pistol that one is definitely one to look at.
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News & Announcements
Interested in receiving press releases from us? Contact a member of our media relations department at 541-867-3474 Ext 5224 or send an email to .
Sea Star Wasting Syndrome Strikes Oregon's Central Coast
Newport, Oregon—The Oregon Coast Aquarium's scientific dive team discovered that sea star wasting syndrome, a fatal condition that has plagued sea stars and puzzled scientists, has arrived on Oregon's central coast. This research team has searched for the syndrome in the subtidal zones of Oregon's central coast since January, and sent their observations to researchers at University of Califor... more
Press Advisory: Ocean Steward Lunch, May 6
Newport, Oregon—Leading Oregon thinkers and philanthropists will gather at the Portland-based NW Natural Headquarters on Tuesday, May 6, for the Oregon Coast Aquarium's annual Ocean Steward Lunch. The exclusive annual event connects the greater Portland community with the Aquarium to highlight its mission to inspire the public to better understand, cherish and conserve marine and coastal ecosys... more
Oregon Coast Aquarium hosts Bird Blitz Celebration for International Migratory Bird Day
Newport, Oregon—Bird enthusiasts from throughout the state will flock to the Oregon Coast Aquarium for International Migratory Bird Day on Saturday, May 10. The Aquarium's Seabird Aviary and Turkey Vulture Habitat will feature special presentations and public question and answer sessions with the aviculturists that care for the Aquarium's bird population. Information about birds and their ro... more
Oregon Department of Education Awards $664,000 to Support STEM Education on the Oregon Coast
Newport, Oregon—Cutting-edge science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education will benefit kindergarten through community college classrooms next year thanks to a new grant that supports teachers and students along the Oregon coast. The Oregon Department of Education announced the $664,000 award on February 25. The grant supports the development of the Oregon Coast STEM Hub that w... more
Nuka the Sea Otter Pup Makes his Debut at the Oregon Coast Aquarium
Newport, Oregon—Nuka the sea otter pup seemed too busy splashing about with his exhibit-mate Schuster to notice his new surroundings as he swam into the Oregon Coast Aquarium's Sea Otter Exhibit Tuesday morning, and that is exactly what the Aquarium's mammalogists hoped for. "This introduction was perfect; everything went as expected," said Ken Lytwyn, Curator of Marine Mammals. "I'm really ha... more
Oregon Coast Aquarium Buzzes to Life for Earth Day Celebration
Newport, Oregon—The Oregon Coast Aquarium will be brimming with eco-friendly educational opportunities for visitors on Saturday, April 26 in honor of Earth Day. The Aquarium hopes the annual one-day event will inspire visitors to become conscious consumers. Earth Day at the Aquarium will feature a live bee hive from Nectar Bee Supply to help teach visitors about the importance of pollinator... more
Dash into Summer with the Oregon Coast Aquarium's Flippers, Feathers & Fins 5K
Newport, Oregon— The Oregon Coast Aquarium invites runners and walkers of all ages to flock to Newport for the Flippers, Feathers and Fins 5K on Saturday, May 17 at 8:00 a.m. The Aquarium organized the Flippers, Feathers and Fins 5K to promote healthy living on the Oregon coast. All race proceeds benefit the animal care and marine science education programs at the Aquarium. Starting off at th... more
Oregon Coast Aquarium Named "Best Family Entertainment" by News Times Readers
Newport, Oregon—The Oregon Coast Aquarium was honored by Lincoln County residents this spring when they named the attraction the "Best Family Entertainment" in the Newport News Times Readers' Choice Awards. Hundreds of locals cast their votes on a wide array of topics. According to News Times staff, the annual survey is organized by the News Times to recognize different organizations and peop... more
Oregon Coast Aquarium's Sea Otter Pup Masters Training by Leaps and Bounds
Newport, Oregon—Nuka, the northern sea otter pup that made headlines last week when the Oregon Coast Aquarium announced he had passed quarantine and was settling into his new home behind the scenes, crossed another milestone in his journey to the Aquarium's Sea Otter Exhibit today. Nuka has been busy for the past month learning how to behave with trainers before he moves to the Sea Otter Exhi... more
April Fool's, Friends!
If you haven't caught on yet, the story about four high school students finding a strange animal in the forest of the coastal mountains was completely fictional. The April Fool's prank was the brainchild of 15-year-old Oceanscape Network volunteer, Jake K. An aspiring filmmaker, Jake approached the Network with the idea late last year. He recruited three friends to play themselves in a sce... more


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The VIXEN OPTICS VMC200L Reflector Telescope is a unique 200mm, 8" catadioptric optical system. It incorporates a primary mirror and a meniscus corrector just before a secondary mirror. By doing so, light is corrected twice on the optical path. The end result is that spherical aberration and field curvature are corrected to a high degree of optical performance. The VMC200L's primary mirror is f/2.5; the compound optical system is f/9.75. This makes the system much more compact and portable than its competition. With the optical correction placed before the secondary mirror, the VMC200L avoids the necessity of having a corrector plate and all the condensation problems associated with a closed optical tube.
The Vixen VMC200L is a telescope suitable for observation of all types of celestial objects. The VMC200L is a unique design that employs a meniscus corrector lens along with two high-precision spherical mirrors to help eliminate spherical aberration and yield a sharp image with no hint of false color. The VMC200L offers excellent performance for both visual and photographic use. The open tube design eliminates the dew problem that is common with conventional Schmidt-Cassegrain systems and its compact size makes it very easy to handle. The rack and pinion focuser accepts 2" eyepieces and accessories with an adapter.
An additional key feature is the rack and pinion focusing that is placed behind the primary mirror. The use of this focusing system eliminates the image shift associated with most other SCT systems. This is especially important when using high power magnification or astro-photography. When focusing, the image is stable and easy to adjust. Astronomy Technology says "the f/9.75 focal ratio is noticeably faster than the typical Maksutov design which translates into a wider true field of view. Reaching focus is easy. Lightweight, portable, 8 inches of aperture, fast cool down, zero image shift, and reasonably priced "
Vixen VMC200L Features:
- The VMC200L Reflector features a Catadioptric "Field Maksutov" type design with two spherical mirrors and a Meniscus Corrector Element just before the secondary mirror.
- Rack and Pinion focusing system is behind the primary mirror.
- Unique design incorporates a primary mirror and a meniscus corrector before a secondary mirror.
- Open tube design eliminates the dew problem that is common with conventional Schmidt-Cassegrain systems.
- 2 high-precision mirrors eliminate spherical aberration and yield a sharp image with no hint of false color.
- Superior build quality, high tech materials, light weight and compact size equals true portability
Modified Maksutov-Cassegrain 8 inch Reflector
Additional Information
|Vixen - 200mm VMC200L (f/9.75) Catadioptrical Reflector Optical Tube Assembly
|8 inches
|Backfocus Distance
|149.0 mm (from rear edge of focuser)
|Central obstruction
|80 mm diameter
|Modified Maksutov-Cassegrain
|Diameter of Primary Mirror
|200 mm
|Dovetail Compatibility
|Focal Length
|1950 mm
|Focal Ratio
|Behind Primary Mirror
|Included Accessories
|Metal Carry Handle, Dovetail Mounting
|Light Gathering Power
|Minimum (theoretical)
|Optical Tube Length
|Primary Mirror
|f=1950mm, f/9.75
|Resolution (Dawes)
|Secondary Mirror
|72 mm dia
|5 yrs


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Contractors say low-E glass is the best route to go when considering energy-efficient replacement windows.
Find Top-Rated Greene Window Installers
Angie's List helps you hire the best - and avoid the rest!
Window Installers to Avoid
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$8,500 Kitchen RemodelClark Concepts LLC
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Instant Community AccessMembers can choose from tons of deals and discounts for projects they need to do, like 30% off exterior home painting!
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Local Articles in Greene
Just how much do energy efficient windows save you on your monthly electric or gas bill?
Regardless of your window types, condensation in windows can happen.
Ready for new windows? Be sure to review the pros and cons of each window type to find out what's best for your house and lifestyle.
Angie's Answers
Hello - I hope my answer will help point you in the right direction.
The reason you're having a hard time getting clear information is because there are hundreds of companies saying their window is the best. There are probably millions of different features you can choose to have for your windows and in price ranges from $169-$1200 (per double-hung window).
I've been in the business for 15 years and have seen many different window products from many different dealers and manufacturers. This all comes down to: "what's important for you and your home?" If you want a strong warranty from a company who has a full-time service department to give you piece of mind and service your windows should needs be, or are you looking at only those companies who offer true wood interior windows that you can paint or stain to match the home decor? Whatever is your hot-button, then that's where you want to start.
I would recommend you first choose how you want your new windows to look. Wood-interior with vinyl clad is only offered by certain companies, while there is a vinyl woodgrain finish to give you similar results without the maintenance. If you're only looking for a white interior and don't want the maintenance, a fiberglass or vinyl window would be the best choice from what is offered in the market today (vinyl will be less expensive - not necessarily cheaper quality). If you are going to change out a window to a french door and a door to a window, then you WILL NEED to find a contractor with some carpentry experience. Some companies will tell you upfront that they do not handle those sorts of remodeling projects due to the complexity and time it would take to get it complete.
Unfortunately, we won't be able to personally help you with your project as we work in the New England Area. However, if you wish to talk further, please feel free to email me at: firstname.lastname@example.com and I'll be happy to let you know our prices for what we offer so you can compare and hopefully find a similar company to do the work for you near the Austin area.
Get your roofer back out there. Course of shingles above the window need to be pulled, self sealing flashing, drip caps, and counter and step flashing are going to be required here.
This is a flashing issue as the window connects to the mansard roof surface.
Condensation and a leak are two different and very noticeably different (i.e. volume) things.
Flashing and roofing on Mansards can be tricky but is sounds very much like a roofing issue.
Much easier to scratch and typically not as good a finished quality as compared to glass.
Benefits are the resistance to breakage as mentioned by LCD. Any glazing shop should be able to re-create that panel.
For a broken window (or leaking seal in multi-pane unit), for a standard roughly 2x3 foot window, can run from low of about $75-125 for single pane to more like $200-300 range for triple pane, depending on construction and any special ultraviolet or heat reflective coatings. If a removeable window unit, of course cheaper to remove it and take to replacement glass place then have them come out, measure glass size, order glass unit, then come back to install.
If taking in yourself, commonly they can do single-pane in an hour or two, but count on a week or so typically for sealed double or triple pane unit to come in, so you will have to seal the opening in the interim. That is an advantage of having them come out - they measure and determine type of unit on first visit and can seal with tape and plastic sheeting (if you have not already done that), then come back with new unit and install a week or two down the road - but you are not stuck with an opening in the wall for a long time.
Thermal numbers look okay when looking at the NFRC.
Do you have any other data on them? Air infiltration, Design Pressure, Visible Transmittance, and Condensation Resistance are all good evaluators.
Air infiltration rate is way high at 0.21.
It may look nice in person but the performance numbers are below average.
Window Replacement reviews in Greene
Even though it was an older window, they had a part that fit and they fixed it right away.
Honest, fair and prompt.
These guys know their business.
Highly recommend this company.
He realigned the back garage door and fixed the deadbolt lock. The door would not lock because it was really out of
Window Installers in Greene, RI
2nd Generation Remodeling
A Force of Nature Complete Restoration SVC, LLC
AAAA Daves Chimney Service
Hope Vally
Able Restoration Co
Aboveboard Contracting
Adelino Soares Construction
Advanced Improvements LLC
Affordable Home Contractors
Alternate Handyman
ARAC Roof it Forward
Attleboro Kitchen and Bath
B & D Construction Inc
B&R Fournier Construction Inc
Baltic Iron Doors & Naddour's Ornamental Iron
Becky's Doors and Windows
Bruin Corp of Attleboro
Budget Contracting Services
Building, Remodeling and Painting Corp by American
Calyx Homes Ltd
Cape Cod Roofing & Siding
CHACE BUILDING SUPPLY of CT
Champion Window Co of RI LLC
Clark Concepts LLC
Clayville Construction
Clean Cut Construction
Collegiate Window Systems
D. J .GREENE HOME IMPRVMTS Inc.
Dana Upholstery & Interior
DirectBuy of Indianapolis
Diroma Home Improvements
East Side Construction
East Providence
Exterior Touch Inc.
family building
Herb Travis Handyman Services
J V Molinaro Custom Builders
JJJ Painting & Construction
KBA Contracting Enterprises LLC
Lux Renovations, LLC
Lynn Lukens dba A-1 Home Remodeling
Wood River Junction
M H Godbout Remodeling
Masters Building Technologies Inc
Matt Jones Home Improvements
McKinstry Home Improvement
Myron A. Franklin General Contractor
New England Home Improvement LLC
New England Vinyl Siding
Nordstrom's Painting
Northeast Tint Co.
Patio Enclosures by Great Day Improvements
Pella Windows and Doors
Professional Property Specialists
R/L Creative Builders Inc.
Remodeling Second Opinion
Renewal by Andersen of Southern New England
RLS remodeling & construction Inc
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text:
Jørn Rønnau: Lough Boora Triangle 2002. 3 x 3 x 3 meters. Bog Oak, Bog Pine and Bog Yew in an iron frame.
The sculpture forms a triangular space for meditation. You can sit down inside and look out at a landscape where the bog - due to climate changes - started to grow 4000 years ago killing all the big oak trees, pine trees and yew trees growing there. The peat from the bog has now been completely harvested. Many of the trunks of these 4000 years old trees have been recovered as bog wood.
Lough Boora Triangle is built from these ancient trees.
Constructed around an iron frame, three bog oak trunks form the corners. Stacked bogwood form the walls. The narrow entrance is marked by a triangular serpent stepping plate. Inside is a bog yew seat where visitors can sit down and look out towards the Western horizon, where the sun will set right before your eyes 2 days every year: 21st of March and 21st of September, Spring and Autumn Equinox.
More information: sculptureintheparklands.com
Produced by iarchitectures.com
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