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1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (TRANSVAAL PROVINCIAL DIVISION) DATE: 13/4/07 REPORTABLE CASE NO: 36037/2003 . CORAM: EBERSOHN AJ Defendant In the matter between LA CHEMISE LACOSTE Plaintiff and RONG TAl TRADING CC DATE JUDGMENT HANDED DOWN: 13th APRIL 2007 JUDGMENT - EBERSOHN AJ. [1] The plaintiff is a French company which at all material times was the manufacturer and distributor in South Africa of a wide range of clothing, footwear, articles made from leather, travelling bags and related accessories like belts and was also the registered proprietor in South Africa of intellectual property rights in the--.form of several trade mark registrations. ..- -. -- -- -- -- - - -- [2] In class 25 (Schedule 3) to the Trade Mark Act, 1993,("the Act") it had the following registrations: a) b) Registration No.: Mark: Goods: Filing date: Registration No.: Mark: Goods: Filing date: c) Registration No.: Mark: Goods: Filing date: 2 84/1030 Crocodile design (LACOSTE solid) Clothing, including boots, shoes and slippers. 9 February 1984. 72/1627 Crocodile design (LACOSTE solid) Dresses, skirts, shirts, trousers and sweaters; articles of sportswear and casual wear; but not including protective clothing, work clothing,m waterproof clothing, rubberised clothing, groundsheets and footwear. 9 February 1984. B82/4319 LACOSTE Clothing, including boots, shoes and slippers. 9 June 1982. [3] In class 18 (Schedule 3) of the same act it had the following registrations: a) Registration No.: Mark: Goods: Filing date: b) Registration No.: Mark: Goods: -------- Filing date: 79/5545 Crocodile design (LACOSTE solid) Leather and imitations of leather, and articles made from these materials and not included in other classes; skin, hides, trunks and travelling bags; umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; but excluding crocodile skins and goods made from crocodile skins and imitations thereof. 17 October 1979. B79/5546 LACOSTE Leather and imitations of leather, and articles made from these materials and not included in other classes; skin, hides, trunks and travelling bags; umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery. 17 October 1979. 3 [4] The defendant is a close corporation and is the owner of and/or importer of belts for the purpose of trade in belts. [5] In paragraph 4 of the particulars of claim the plaintiff alleged that the defendant imported a consignment of belts to which the plaintiff's LACOSTE trademarks, more particularly trademarks numbers 79/5545 and B79/5546 had been applied in the course of trade without the authority of the plaintiff. [6] The plaintiff relies on the protection afforded by s 34 of the Act to prevent the alleged infringement which infringement allegedly has caused and will cause the plaintiff to suffer damages. [7] The relevant portions of s 34 read as follows: "34(1) The rights acquired by registration of a trade mark shall be infringed by (a) the unauthorised use in the course of trade in relation to goods or services in respect of which the trade mark is registered, of an identical mark or of a mark so nearly resembling it as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion; (b) the unauthorised use of a mark which is identical or similar to the trade mark registered, in the course of trade in relation to goods or services which are so similar to the goods or services in respect of which the trade mark is registered, that in such use there exists the likelihood of deception or confusion;" [8] At the commencement of the trial the parties handed up a document with the heading "ADDENDUM TO RULE 37 MINUTE" which document reads as follows: "The Plaintiff and the Defendant agreed to the separation of the 4 issues and for the determination of the following: 'whether or not the mark CROCODILE, used by the Defendant on goods imported by the Defendant for sale in South Africa, samples of which are pictured in Annexure A8 to the Plaintiff's particulars of claim, infringes the plaintiff's registered trade marks 79/5545 and/or 72/01627 and/or 84/1030 in terms of Section 34(1)(a) and 34(1)(b) of the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993.'" [9] The Court granted the request and ordered the separation. [10] It is common cause that it is for the plaintiff to allege and prove infringement of its trade mark. In this matter the Court clearly has to deal with an alleged infringement under s 34(1)(a). This provision represents the usual infringement case. It is also the simplest to establish. The plaintiff must allege and prove: (a) the unauthorised use; (Beecham Group plc v Southern Transvaal Pharmaceutical Pricing Bureau (Pty) Ltd 1993 (1) SA 546 (A)); (b) in the course of trade; (c) in relation to goods or services of which the trade mark is registered; (Berman Bros (Pty) Ltd v Sodastream Ltd 1986 (3) SA 209 (A)); (d) of an identical mark or of a mark so nearly resembling it; (Miele et Cie GmbH & Co v Euro Electrical (Pty) Ltd 1988 (2) SA 583 (A); National Brands Ltd v Blue Lion Manufacturing (Pty) Ltd 2001 (3) SA 563 (SCA)); ( e) as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion. (Plascon-Evans Paints Ltd v Van Riebeeck Paints (Pty) Ltd 1984 5 (3) SA 623 (A); Cointreau et Cie Sa v Pagan International 1991 (4) SA 706 (A); Abbott Laboratories v UAP Crop Care (Pty) Ltd [1999] 1 All SA 502 (C); 1999 (3) SA 624 (C); Cowbell AG v ICS Holdings Ltd [2001] 4 All SA 242 (SCA); 2001 (3) SA 941 (SCA)). [11] Fault is not an element of the action and the absence of fault is also not a defence to an infringement action. [12] It is common cause between the parties that the plaintiff's device is in the form of an open-mouthed crocodile with its tail raised very high and to such an extent that the tip of the tail points in the direction the head of the crocodile is pointing. [13] It is not disputed by the defendant: a) b) that men's belts (and accordingly those imported by the plaintiff generally, and by the defendant in November 2003) fall into class 25 of the prescribed classification under the Act; that the trade marks referred to above are registered in class 25 and, accordingly, that the appropriate section of the Act which is relevant to this action is 34(1)(a); c) that the belts imported by the defendant in November 2003 bear the word mark "Crocodile" . 14. Plaintiff's counsel at the outset submitted that the two principle issue that must be determined by the court were: a) whether the plaintiff's device mark is known to and perceived by the 6 "interested public" as a "crocodile"; and b) if so, whether, accordingly, the use of the word mark CROCODILE by the defendant on the goods it imported into and distributed in South Africa constituted and amounted to an infringement of the plaintiff's device marks. [15] Defendant's counsel on the other hand submitted at the outset that what this court is called upon to decide is whether or not the use of the word mark "Crocodile" on the belts is likely to deceive or cause confusion in the mind of the average purchaser who purchases the defendant's belts (s. 34(1)(a)). [16] To decide the case the court would inter alia therefore have to consider who can and could be classified as members of the interested public/average buyer bearing in mind that the court itself ultimately has to decide the matter. [17] It would appear that the deception and confusion, if there be any, must emanate from the fact that when looking at the two marks the average purchaser of average intelligence and adequate eyesight will likely be deceived into thinking that the merchandise bearing the word mark "Crocodile" as a Lacoste item or that the average purchaser would be confused as to whether or not the merchandise bearing the word mark "Crocodile" is a Lacoste item. [18] A bundle of documents was compiled by the parties and was received by the court as exhibit B. There was no agreement between the parties with regard to the evidential value of the contents of exhibit B. Everything in exhibit B relied upon by a party thus had to be proven by evidence. [19] The three belts being representative of the belts the defendant imported 7 were admitted by both parties and were received by the court as exhibits 1, 2 and 3. [20] Exhibit 1 is a brown leather belt. On the two bridges of the buckle of the belt the words "crocodile" and "Italy" appear in black on a golden background. On the tip of the belt there is a metal attachment with the word "crocodile" embossed on it. 0n the inside of the belt on the leather portion there appears the words "DESIGNED IN ITALY". On the outside of the belt the word "Crocodile" appears 13 times along the whole length of the belt being embossed into the surface thereof. [21] Exhibit 2 is a brown leather belt on the buckle of which the word "Italy" appears on a black background and the word "Crocodile" is embossed on the bridge of the buckle. On the tip of the belt there is a metal attachment with the words "Jeans Italy" appearing in black on the metal surface. The word "crocodile" is embossed 10 times on the outer surface of the belt along the whole length of the belt. On the inside of the belt on the leather portion there appear the following: "DESIGNED IN ITALY NO. 6201". [22] Exhibit 3 is also a brown leather belt on the bridge of the buckle of which the word "Crocodile" appears in black on the metal background and the word "Crocodile" is embossed on the tip of the buckle. On the tip of the belt itself there is a metal attachment with the word "Italy" appearing in black on the metal surface. Along the whole length of the belt on the outside there are letter V's on their side. On the inside of the belt on the leather portion there appear the following: "DESIGNED IN ITALY NO. 89304". [23] It is convenient to also deal at this stage of the judgment with the other exhibits in the matter. 8 EXHIBITS MANUFACTURED BY THE PLAINTIFF: [24] Exhibit 4 is a blue golf shirt with long sleeves, with the plaintiff's crocodile device about 3 cm long and being of material and green in colour sewn onto the upper left side of the chest. On the inside of the collar there is a white tag with the crocodile device in green printed on it, the device being about 2 cm long and underneath it the word "LACOSTE" appears. [25] Exhibit 5 is a powder blue sleeveless sport T-shirt with the plaintiff's crocodile device made of rubber about 10 cm long, navy blue in colour, affixed to the middle of the T-shirt. On the inside of the collar there is a white tag with the crocodile device in green printed on it, the device being about 2 cm long and underneath it the word "LACOSTE" appears in black and underneath that the word "SPORT" appears in red. [26] Exhibit 6 is a brown leather belt with the plaintiff's crocodile device about 5 cm long and 3 1\2 cm wide fitted inside the square formed by the buckle of the belt. Both the buckle and the device are golden in colour and the device would be visible if the belt is worn. Halfway down the belt, on the inside thereof, the crocodile device and the word "LACOSTE" were embossed in an area about 4 cm by 3cm on the leather. This device and the word "LACOSTE" embossed on the leather will not be visible when the belt is being worn because they are on the inside of the belt. [27] Exhibit 7 is a blue fibre belt with a leather tip of about 18 cm. long. At the end of the tip there the plaintiff's crocodile device appears in silver about 14 mm long and 8 mm high. On the inside of the leather portion the device and the word "LACOSTE" were printed in faint blue paint occupying an area about 4 cm by 3 cm. This device and the word "LACOSTE" printed on the leather 9 will not be visible when the belt is being worn because they are on the inside of the belt. [28] Exhibit 8 is a pale white paper carry bag with the plaintiff's device and the word "LACOSTE" printed on one side in a square measuring about 10 cm by 5 cm. [29] Exhibit 14 is one of a pair of white tackies on the side of which appears the plaintiff's crocodile device with the word LACOSTE appearing a) on the top fastening strap, b) the outside of the tackey just above the heel and c) at back of the tackey high up on the heel and d) also on the sole of the tackey. [30] Exhibit 15 is a brown handbag with a leather strap which is attached by metal clips to the body of the bag. On the strap the word "LACOSTE" was weaved into the material of which the strap is made. Attached to one end of the handbag there are two thin leather straps each about 8 cm long and attached to one of them is a small sample of the plaintiff's device, the crocodile, in silver. EXHIBITS MANUFACTURED/SOLD BY KAMP KWENA SUN CITY: [31] Exhibit 9 is a cream polo neck shirt with short sleeves on the chest of which there are depicted 6 cartoon like crocodiles in different, apparent dancing, positions and one apparently is also beating a drum. The major portions of their bodies are green with each having a large patch of red on its body. Underneath the 6 dancing crocodiles the following appears in print ~-~--~~-- - -. u ~ "KAMP KWENA SUN CITY". [32] Exhibit 10 is a navy cap with a red peak on which there is a green crocodile with a red belly and the following appears in print around the 10 crocodile: "KAMP KWENA SUN CITY". [33] Exhibit 11 is a white polo neck shirt with short sleeves on the chest of which there is depicted a green crocodile with a red belly encircled by numerous red and green triangles and by the words "KAMP KWENA SUN CITY". EXHIBIT MANUFACTURED BY "CROCS": [34] Exhibit 16 is a pair of beige shoes made of a rubber compound with the name" CROCS" on the sole of each shoe and also on the strap that surrounds the heel. On the right and left side of each shoe there are clasps where the two straps of each shoe are fastened and on the outside of the clasps a crocodile is depicted in black and white. EXHIBITS MANUFACTURED BY "AFRO-DIZZY": [35] Exhibit 12 is a white box about 18 cm x 15 cm x 5 cm with the words "AFRICA'S ORIGINAL LIFESTYLE" printed on it with several figures on the box including the front sections of black crocodiles with white circular spots on their bodies each with prominent red front claws. [36] Exhibit 13 is a white polo necked shirt with short sleeves on the chest of which appears a figure resembling the face of a human being about 20 cm wide and 30 cm high, with thick red lips with two black crocodiles facing each other for eyebrows, the crocodiles having white circular spots on their bodies. The figure has on its chest the words "AFRO DIZZY". 11 [37] I now turn to the evidence presented. [38] The plaintiff called as its first witness Charles Anthony Stewart. He is a director of the plaintiff's firm of attorneys and he has 40 years experience in the trade mark field. He testified that belts, and thus also exhibits 1, 2 and 3 al being belts, fell under class 25 of the Nice Classification emanating from the Nice Agreement which was adopted by legislation in South Africa. [39] Under cross-examination he stated that his firm is one of the bigger firms in Pretoria specialising in trade marks and that his firm already acted for LACOSTE for about 30 years. [40] He testified that one of the functions of his department in his firm of attorneys was to examine and advise clients whether a particular item or mark registered or about to be registered would infringe a device mark of his clients and that his firm inter alia did this by checking the relevant Gazettes. [41] Although not aware thereof before he testified, he conceded that his firm also registered the "KAMP KWENA", "CROCS" and "AFRO DIZZY" trade marks and he stated that he was not aware of any opposition on the part of the applicant to the registration of these trade marks and it follows that the exhibits emanating from them did not infringe upon the device of the applicant. [42] The second witness was Feizal Surtee. He testified that his father was in the retail business and since his younger days he was exposed to the Lacoste - - ------ - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - brand. He stated that he became the managing director of Nike another wellknown trade mark and his company owns the rights to the Lacoste trade marks in South Africa. According to him he spends a lot of time in the stores selling Lacoste goods. He stated that prior to 2000 Lacoste goods were distributed in 12 various outlets in South Africa, inter alia John 0rrs, A & D Spitz and Deans. According to him the position changed in 2000 when the witness acquired the Lacoste brand as they felt that the distributors should be much more up class and he involved a firm called Levisons with 10 branches in the country being a mono brand store. He also opened a number of Lacoste boutiques, inter alia at the V & A Waterfront in Cape Town, Gateway Mall in Durban, Sandton City, Canal Shopping Mall, Cape Town and at the 0liver Tambo Airport. [43] According to him Levisons sell all sorts of products, including lifestyle clothes, school clothing and that they specialize in men's clothing. [44] He stated that he has personally been exposed to Lacoste products from his childhood days, i.e. for about 30 years and that he spent a lot of time in the stores and met customers in relation to Lacoste and other products. [45] With regard to exhibits 1, 2 and 3, he stated that he was familiar with the device appearing on then namely the mere word "crocodile" . [46] He testified that customers were knowledgeable and that they know the Lacoste brand and generally refer to Lacoste as "crocodile". [47] According to him Lacoste brand goods were regarded as aspirational goods, in other words, people would save money to buy a Lacoste item which was of exceptional high quality and was limited in availability. He stated that the turnover pattern of Lacoste goods was about R150M to R200M per year which figure was increasing each year and that a lot of money was spent each year advertising the brand. [48] He stated that Lacoste has a great reputation and that more and more 13 retailers were asking him to make Lacoste products available to them to sell. [49] Under cross-examination by Mr. Hoffman he replied that all his life he was in the clothing business, initially through his father's shops which carried the name "Surtees" and thereafter on his own. He stated that in the early days one would get a poor person, for instance an underground miner, who would save money over a long period of time just to he ab1e to eventually buy expensive clothes which he could wear over weekends and that that was very important for his own image. He stated that sometimes they would even leave the labels on so as to signify the expensive brand worn by them. [50] He stated that the crocodile device on the Lacoste goods was all important for the people who wanted Lacoste products. He also testified that the prices of the Lacoste products were deliberately pitched at the upper market and were sold not down market or at street corners but at exclusive and expensive retail outlets. He gave examples of the pricing strategy. The retail price of a Lacoste short sleeve shirt would be between R790 and R995, of the long sleeved shirt about R1 195 and that of a Lacoste belt R495 and that of the Lacoste suede belt about R995. [51] He testified that especially children from an age just before school up to 10 years old would be drawn to and by the crocodile device and would often throw tantrums in the shops to get their parents to buy them a product with the crocodile device on it. [52] With regard to the position regarding the Lacoste and Kamp Kwena trade marks he explained that the location where the product is sold, is very important in the matter. Apparently the Kamp Kwena goods were sold only at Sun City shops, the trade mark being owned by Sun International. The witness ------------- 14 stated that people wanting Lacoste shirts would not buy Kamp Kwena shirts and that they would not be confused by the Kamp Kwena shirts as they would rather regard the crocodiles on the Kamp Kwena shirts as cartoon characters and would not confuse them with the Lacoste device being the crocodile with the upswept tail and open mouth. [53] He also stated that the bulk of people know what a Lacoste device looks like and that Lacoste has a long standing association with the particular Lacoste device and that they would be drawn to an item with the Lacoste device on it and not by a device dissimilar to it. [54] He also stated that the clientele at Levisons and A & D Spitz would be about 60% black and about 20% white and Indian. At Lacoste shops the clientele would consist of about 40% white, 25% black and the rest Indian and coloured. [55] He conceded that the first language of the black customers generally was not English and that they have different words in their languages for "crocodile" . [56] With regard to CROCS shoes he conceded that they were sold at a substantial number of outlets in the country. [57] The witness also described the AFRO DIZZY character as a cartoon character and that the AFRO DIZZY character and CROCS shoes were so --------- different from that of Lacoste that a customer who wanted a Lacoste product would not be confused by the AFRO DIZZY and CROCS poducts. [58] Under re-examination the witness characterised the Lacoste device as more 15 of a proper depiction of a crocodile whereas the others were more animated. [59] He also stated that they were experiencing counterfeiting which goods were sold on street corners and at flea markets and not much in stores. [60] With regard to the pricing structure of the Lacoste products he stated that the kind of person who would be buying a Lacoste product would relate it to the Lacoste device and if the device would be on a counterfeit product the customer may be misled. [61] The plaintiff's second witness was one Ponziano Verona. She testified that she had been involved in the clothing and apparel trade for many years and that she became involved with the Lacoste brand about 10 years ago. She described the Lacoste brand as a very fashionable brand and that the customers who would buy Lacoste branded goods would refer to the crocodile device and indicate that they wanted it. In this regard she clearly referred to the Lacoste device namely the crocodile with the open mouth and upswept tail. She stated that sometimes the device would be in green and sometimes in white and that the customers clearly preferred the green device with the red mouth. She also stated that they have massive sales drives based on the crocodile device. [62] She was very definite that the crocodile device was the important thing that customers wanted and that the crocodile device had to appear on the article otherwise the customers would not buy it. [63] She stated that she was not acquainted with the Kamp Kwena brand and according to her customers would not regard the Kamp Kwena products as Lacoste products. With regard to the CROCS shoes she stated that nobody would regard them as Lacoste shoes. 16 [64] She summed up her evidence thus: An aspirational buyer who wanted to buy a Lacoste product would walk into the store and if the green crocodile with the red mouth was not on the item, he would say "I do not want it" and that it was the particular device they were looking for and they also experienced that even in the case of young customers and even very young children. She stated that sometimes the name "Lacoste" on the goods would suffice if the crocodile device was not displayed but it was generally experienced that the customers wanted the crocodile device displayed on the article they wanted, preferably the green crocodile with the red mouth. [65] She stated that from her own knowledge she was aware thereof that most of the top brands like Gucci, Pringle and Nike would have their own devices displayed on their articles and that these brands generally became associated with their products in the eyes of the customers. [66] In re-examination by Mr. Morley she stated that the crocodile device was very realistically depicted on the Lacoste products. [67] The plaintiff's case was then closed. [68] The first witness for the defendant was one Zhou Ling Hua. He testified that he worked in his shop in Jeppe street in downtown Johannesburg selling also belts. The defendant supplied him with belts and he would get a commission on the sales. The average price of belts similar to exhibit 1 was R6 per belt, to exhibit 2 R8 per belt and to exhibit 3 R10 per belt. The sales of the belts were to the public, hawkers and to stall keepers at flea markets in the suburbs and that his customers would predominantly be black people. Some of the clients would straightaway buy a belt and go whilst others may take their time to make a purchase. 17 [69] The second witness for the defendant was one Victoria Ganille Galgut. She testified that she purchased the AFRO DIZZY and the Kamp Kwena exhibits from shops at the instructions of the defendant's attorneys. [70] The defendant's case was then closed. [71] Mr Morley argued that the word "crocodile" was conceptually similar to the Lacoste brand and that judgment should be in favour of the plaintiff. [72] Mr. Hoffman argued the direct opposite. [73] The court now deals with the evidence of Surtee and Verona. In general terms both of these witnesses suggest that the trade mark device registered in the name of Lacoste can be regarded as synonymous with Lacoste. Both of them stressed that it is the specific Lacoste crocodile device which the people associated with the Lacoste brand. They went so far as to say that without the particular Lacoste device on the article the customer would not purchase it and that the customers required that the particular crocodile device should appear on the article. As stated they produced Lacoste exhibits in the form of shoes, belts and indeed a carrier bag in order to demonstrate the prominence given to the specific crocodile device. The evidence of Surtee and Verona clearly did not assist the plaintiff's case. Their evidence has very limited, if any, value as to whether or not there is a likelihood of deception or confusion. That in any case is for the court to determine and not for the witnesses. (See William Grant & Sons v Cape Wine & Distillers Ltd. 1990 (3) SA 897(C) at 912; Reckit & Colman SA (Pty) Ltd. v S C Johnson & Son (Pty) Ltd. 1993 (2) SA 307 (A)). [73] A visual comparison of the Lacoste crocodile device with the word 18 "Crocodile" shows that there is absolutely no likelihood of deception or confusion on this basis. [74] The concept of an aural comparison is also problematic for the plaintiff. Whilst the marks have as a common element the fact of a crocodile, and whilst a person looking at the Lacoste brand would refer to it as a representation of a crocodile, it is clear from the evidence of both Surtee and Verona that it is the particular Lacoste device which is significant. Thus an aural comparison is inappropriate too: one cannot get away from the fact that it is the particular Lacoste crocodile that purchasers of Lacoste products are looking for and not for articles with the word "crocodile" on it. [75] Even with regard to a conceptual comparison there is a problem for the plaintiff: a) firstly, the plaintiff does not have a monopoly on the use of the reptile which is a crocodile; b) secondly, there are several other marks which make use of a crocodile device; c) thirdly, it is clear from the evidence of Surtee and Verona that conceptually purchasers associate the specific Lacoste crocodile with the plaintiff's products - not just any crocodile and certainly not the mere word "crocodile" used in isolation from the device. ---.- [76] Even the reference by Surtee and Verona in re-examination that the items that they were shown namely those of Kamp Kwena, AFFRO DIZZY and Crocs, were caricatures rather than realistic representations did not assist the 19 plaintiff as the plaintiff does not have a monopoly on the word crocodile, and it cannot claim as it were because its crocodiles looked more realistic than those which appear on the exhibits handed to court. The evidence of Surtee and Verona is of very limited probative value. It is also notable that there is no survey evidence tendered by the plaintiff. Such evidence, provided that the survey was carried out properly would have been admissible and perhaps useful (See Webber and Page: The South African Law of Trade Marks paragraph 8.39). It would thus appear that this court is being asked to accept the evidence of Surtee and Verona in substitution for evidence as to whether there is an actual likelihood of deception or confusion. There is also no evidence of actual conclusion in that the offending belts were never sold. That, however, is of no consequence and the fact remains that the plaintiff was not able to prove that there was deception or confusion. [77] The court must also deal with the judgment of McCall J in the case of Safari Surf Shop CC v Heavywater [1996] 4 All SA 316 (D). He was called upon to consider whether an interim interdict should be granted against the use of a spider device on surfboards - this on the basis that the use of such a device infringed the applicant's word mark "SPIDER" and also on the basis that the respondent was passing of its boards as those of the applicant. The learned judge did not consider the dictum of Goldstone J in the case of Searles Industries (Pty) Ltd v International Power Marketing (Pty) Ltd 1982 (4) SA 123 (T) where Goldstone J stated it to be axiomatic that the applicant could not claim a monopoly in respect of any horse's head device (at 127). The learned judge's observations on the fact that a monopoly may not be claimed in regard to something such as a horse was echoed in a later decision of the Registrar of Trade Marks. There, McCreath J, sitting as an assistant registrar of trade marks in an application by Sun International to register a number of marks, all of which bear a crocodile device in one form or another and some of which bear, 20 in addition, the word mark Kamp Kwena (it appears from the judgment that McCreath J, quite correctly, with respect, regarded him as entitled to take judicial notice of the fact that the word Kwena in the Tswana language means crocodile) . [78] Several passages in the judgment of McCreath J bear repeating: a) b) d) he observed (page 3 of the judgment) that the crocodile devices as used in the two sets of marks differed; he referred to the dictum of Goldstone J in the Searle matter to the effect that a monopoly in respect of a horse's head cannot be claimed; c) he made it clear that whilst "conceptual deception or confusion can constitute a bar to registration in an appropriate case, caution must be exercised not to create a monopoly in relation to a concept"; he stated that in his judgment "the opponent is not entitled to a monopoly in respect of the concept of any crocodile whatever the representation thereof may be". He found support for this proposition in the case of Cowbell AG v ICS Holdings Ltd 2001 (3) SA 941 (SCA); [79] After considering all the circumstances McCreath J ordered that the Kamp Kwena marks be registered. [80] McCall J concluded that for the purposes of s 34(1)(a) and (b) there was no reason why a word mark should not be compared with a device mark it "so nearly resembles" the applicant's word mark as "to be likely to deceive or cause confusion". McCall J. clearly erred here, with respect, the only 21 confusion which could have arisen was a conceptual confusion. The learned judge did not analyze this aspect, however, and his judgment is unsatisfactory as to the basis upon which he came to his conclusion. This court will not follow his judgment. His judgment, in any case, is distinguishable from the present case: the learned judge was concerned with a very limited tight-knit market in a specific geographic area; he was also concerned only with the grant of an interim interdict where a right, prima facie, needed to be established and can thus not be regarded as authoritive. [81] Exhibits 1, 2 and 3, upon an examination thereof, appeared to be clearly of "downtown", "fleamarket" and low quality also being typically plastickey and shiny, totally unlike the extremely high quality Lacoste articles produced by the plaintiff as exhibits during the case. The exhibits all bore the Lacoste device which clearly, visually and aurally was of a totally different quality than exhibits 1, 2 and 3. [82] There seems to be no possibility that a person who wanted a Lacoste product would or could be deceived into thinking that exhibits 1, 2 and 3 were Lacoste products despite the fact that the word "crocodile" appeared on them. The plaintiff's concession that the Kamp Kwena, AFFRO DIZZY and Crocs branded exhibits did not infringe upon the Lacoste brand was fair, despite the clear reference to a crocodile or crocodiles on them. One then fails to understand the plaintiff's reasoning with regard to exhibits 1, 2 and 3. [83] This court therefore came to the conclusion that the mark CROCODILE, used by the defendant on goods imported by the defendant for sale in South Africa, samples of which are pictured in Annexure A8 to the Plaintiff's particulars of claim, does not infringe the plaintiff's registered trade marks 79/5545 and/or 72/01627 and/or 84/1030 in terms of s 34(1)(a) and 34(1)(b) 22 of the Trade Marks Act, No. 194 of 1993. [84] The following order is accordingly made: 1. The plaintiff's claim is dismissed with costs such costs to include the costs of two counsel where two counsel were employed by the defendant. OF THE HIGH COURT Plaintiff's counsel Adv. G.E. MORLEY SC Plaintiff's attorneys ADAMS & ADAMS Defendant's counsel Adv. G.I. HOFFMAN SC Defendant's attorneys GALGUT & GALGUT +c/o COUZYN HERTZOG & HORAK
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40:38 washed. Animals offered for sacrifice were slaughtered in the gateways to the inner court (43:13–27). When the animals had been slaughtered, the parts were washed (Lev. 1:9, 13; 2 Chr. 4:6) and hung on hooks (v. 43).

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|Contact for Sq. Ft.
2 Bedrooms
|Two Bedroom
|2 Bathrooms
|Contact for Sq. Ft.
- |
- |
- |
- Application Fee:
- |
- Deposit:
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Local Schools
Empire Uptown in Columbus, GA
Empire Uptown is located in the heart of the entertainment district of Columbus, GA. We offer large, open, one and two bedroom floor plans with ceramic tile baths. Our energy efficient apartment homes are just a walk to Uptown restaurants and nightlife. We are a smoke free community with a fitness center and professional on-site management.
Special Features
- One and Two Bedroom Apartment Homes
- Walk to Synovus, TSYS & CSU Uptown Campus
- 2 Blocks From the Riverwalk
- In the Heart of the Entertainment District
- Ceramic Tile Baths
- Excellent Views of Columbus
- Modern Amenities with Historic Charm
- Window Ledge Seating
- Fitness Center
- Hardwood Floors
- 10 foot plus Ceilings
- Smoke Free Community
Community Features
- Apartment
- Controlled Access
- Fitness Center
- Freeway Access
- Public Transportation
- Standard
- Surface Lot
- View
Apartment Amenities
- Air Conditioning
- Cable or Satellite
- Carpet
- Ceiling Fan
- Hardwood Floor
- Internet Access
- Patio or Balcony
- Vaulted Ceiling
- Window Covering
Local Schools
- Double Churches Middle School
- Downtown Elementary Magnet Academy
- Jordan High School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Contact Empire Uptown
Empire Uptown
Office HoursMon - Sat by Appt Only
Take Veterans Parkway (Uptown)to 12th Street. Turn right and go 2 blocks. The Empire Building is on the right just past the Post Office, directly across from Synovus on the south corner.


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What's On
Organic Produce – Marketto @ South Yarra
Posted by Kristian Hatton
04. Aug, 2012
|August 4, 2012
|3:00 pm
So where do we get the organic gear from at markets around this city? Marketto's a decent option right now.
First up, there was this place called Sweet Caroline, a hair salon joint, right? They have an organic ethos in regards to products they use, so they decided to expand on this and hold a market out the back of their shop.
Lo and behold, this little venture's taken off, and they're now running the deal again this Saturday, and hopefully the first Saturday of every month. Go check it out, go get yourself some wholesome goodies. If you're critical of that sort of stuff, maybe you should have a go and see what you're missing out on
They're down to support related ventures and small businesses, so contact Ange at 0430488001 if interested in contributing.
WHEN: 1st Saturday of each month, 9am-3pm
WHERE: Sweet Caroline, 40 South Caroline Street, South Yarra
WEB: sweetcaroline.com.au
Art & Design
Pick & Spade
Take a look at Melbourne born street-wear label Pick & Spade.
RedFinch Boutique
Our chat with Sarah Woolway and her consignment store RedFinch Boutique.
The Internet Is A Cultural Object
An exhibition that brings to light both aesthetic and complex social developments that result and parallel our Internet affected lives.
Photo & Video
The 10th Whitelion Bail Out Charity Fundraiser
Bail Out's plans to help out Melbourne's disadvantaged youth.
The Fox Darkroom
Snap away with The Fox Darkroom, a mecca for photography aficionados to learn all about the traditional methods of black and white photography.
Photographer of the week: Hannah Markoff
Babes, beauty and greasy food.


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I'm always up to give some of my time for collaborative projects or contributions, especially if that involves drawing some letters. So when @Jennifer asked me for a lettering for her website Other Focus, I was glad to say yes. This should be available soon as a wallpaper!
Bigger size attached.
More Joachim Vu
keyboard shortcuts: ← previous shot → next shot L or F like Z toggle zoom


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text:
... where 93% of SportsNation believes Marshawn Lynch would have scored a late TD if given the chance
#PulseOfTheNation: Would you rather have Karl-Anthony Towns or Jahlil Okafor?
(Total votes: 18,064)
Weekdays at 3 p.m. ET on ESPN
Will Derrick Rose hold a grudge? (Draftee Bobby Portis sent a mean tweet about him in 2011)
(Total votes: 2,833)
Did you feel bad for Porzingis last night?
(Total votes: 2,720)
Should the New York Knicks try and get rid of Melo?
(Total votes: 2,848)


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Location: Sydney, Australia
Tickets: 0
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Concert Hall @ Sydney Opera House
Bennelong Point
Sydney, Australia
Phone Number:
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Hard Rock Cafe, New York City Diane Bondareff
September 29, 2009 |
Dow Live Earth Run For Water, Los Angeles, Calif. AP Photo
April 18, 2010 |
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Lies, Lies and more Lies. Israel was an ally of the Apartheid government of South Africa and in no way ever would help mMandella. Why all of a sudden has this come forth, because Israel wants to attempt to lie to all that it was behind the freedom of the blacks in South Africa and to make Israel look like a loving and peaceful country. This will never work Israel, as long as you continue the occupation and torture of the Palestinian people. The only ones you can lie to is youselves, because the rest of us know you better.
If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.


text:
California Tiny Cabin on 5 Acres For Sale : $15000
, Twentynine Palms, California, USA - 92277
Size : 294 (Sq. Ft.)
Bedrooms : 1
Bathrooms :
10,740 views
Property ID : 4510
Posted on : November 30, 2011
|Price: $25450
|Address: 3843 Robinhood Dr
|Type: Sale
|City: vista
|Bedrooms: 1
|State: California
|Bathrooms: 1
|Country: United States
|Size: 180-270 Sq. Ft.
|Postal Code: 92084
|Times viewed: 90,463 views
|Contact Lister
So Cal Prefab Gypsy Caravan House Studios
granny flat, guest house, home office, art studio, workshop, storage room, pool house or residual rental the applications are unlimited. If you need more space then So Cal Garden Cottages are ideal for you and your budget.
• Additional octagonal windows
• Vaulted ceiling/ loft option
• Drywall
• Insulation
• sky lights
• hardwood floors
• Front or side porch options
• Double french doors
• and more…
Once our factory-produced prefab structures hit your doorstep they are ready to use.
So Cal Caravan Cottages are pre-fab and factory direct, which means we pass the savings directly to you, the consumer. We use higher quality materials and our units cost %30 cheaper than any other self sufficient mobile cottage studios
• 9' x 12' 120 square feet $15,450.00
• 9' x 16' 192 square feet $18,450.00
• 9' x 18' 200 square feet $20,450.00
• 9' x 20' 288 square feet $25,450.00
• 9' x 24' 360 square feet $28,450.00
• 9' x 30' 400 square feet $32,450.00
About Wiring / Plumbing Hook Up:
All of our units come with full R.V. hook ups for sewage and electric and are fully wired on the interior.
Shipping is based off your zip code and we can arrange delivery to all 49 states
Call today to reserve your unit also feel free to check out our website at www.SoCalcottages.com for additional pricing pictures or give us a call directly with any further questions or to reserve your unit today Phone: 760 613 0938
Listing Details :
Listed on : 11/04/2013
Property Id : #21093
Location : 3843 Robinhood Dr ,vista,California,United States,92084
Love it and the price! AND no stairs
This is superb! I'm putting it on my shopping list. Might have to wait uneil next year, but wow – think this is the best I've seen!
How much for delivery to 80020?
I like this a lot! Very attractively done. But I'm not sure how a 9×18 unit can be 200 sf. If it's 9×18, that's 162!
I'm confused. I have seen all these pictures before. The first one is from a Canadian company, while the others are from a French company that rents them out. They are the exact same pictures those other companies have posted on their web sites, and have used to feature their products on other sites, like the Tiny House Blog. So is this California company building replicas of these?
Here is a link to a story written 3 years ago about the French caravans:
Here is a link to another story about the French ones:
How much is the one pictured, and how much for shipping to 23221? These are great, thanks!
I love this!! Thankyou for sharing, i think its my favourite ever! Can I just ask- are these roadworthy? Also, I live in the UK and was wondering about the possibility of shipping internationally- Im guessing by cargo ship though the prices would be vast!? We'd love one!
I love it! First Tiny Home I've seen that I could actually enjoy living in! But…I went to your website SoCal, and there were NO photos or even any mention of this style at your site! Whatz up?
Would like to talk with you about this little wonder.
Can I get 24″ dubs on my trailer house?
@Molly: I wonder if they're resellers perhaps? Just a thought since the other companies were outside the US.
It would be even better if they weren't trying to appropriate a culture by using the derogatory term "gypsy" to describe the caravan. Yeesh.
Yer wot? Geddof, this is in the Gypsy style. That is why it is so named. Get a freaking life.
Could we get a reply to some of these questions? I also think the price reflects an empty shell. You can tell by the number of views how attractive this homes are. I would also be interested in distribution.
Pics #1 & #2 – MY ULTIMATE HOUSE (colors & all!!!)
So… more than a year later and still no answers to the questions posed here?
That fact and the amazingly "reasonable" prices makes the words, "too good to be true" go through my mind.
, Twentynine Palms, California, USA - 92277
Size : 294 (Sq. Ft.)
Bedrooms : 1
Bathrooms :
10,740 views
Property ID : 4510
Posted on : November 30, 2011
Denio Ave, Gilroy, CA, USA - 95020
Size : 144 (Sq. Ft.)
Bedrooms : 1
Bathrooms : 1
28,646 views
Property ID : 15683
Posted on : November 9, 2012
Agent : Listing Archived View More Details » Add to Favorite
2575 Falderman Ave, Twentynine Palms, California, USA - 92277
Size : 480 (Sq. Ft.)
Bedrooms : 1
Bathrooms : 1
13,409 views
Property ID : 11671
Posted on : August 1, 2012
Agent : Listing Archived View More Details » Add to Favorite


text:
Payment Alliance, BB&T adding ATMs in Rite-Aid stores
Louisville-based Payment Alliance International Inc. has struck a deal with BB&T Corp. to expand BB&T's ATM network in metropolitan Atlanta.
As American Banker reports, Payment Alliance will own and operate the machines, which will be located in 130 Rite-Aid pharmacy stores and carry the BB&T (NYSE: BBT) name.
BB&T said the deal will help increase its visibility in the market and provide its customers there with more locations to access their accounts without paying fees.
As Business First has reported, Payment Alliance is an electronic payments processor and ATM manager that has been growing recently.
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What is the average cost of a mini tummy tuck?
How Much Does a Mini Tummy Tuck Cost?
Doctor Answers 27
Cost of a mini tummy tuck in Las Vegas
A mini tummy tuck involving just removal of lower abdominal skin and some adjacent liposuction would run about $3000-$6000. The lesser fee for an in-office procedure done under local anesthetic. The higher fee for the procedure performed at an outpatient surgery center and involving tightening of the rectus muscles.
Best of luck.
- Dr. Bryson Richards
Web reference: http://richardscosmeticsurgery.com/body/abdominoplasty/
Average Cost of Mini Tummy Tuck Depends on Your Location: Read More Here
Mini abdominoplasty is associated with high satisfaction rates. The cost of mini abdominoplasty is variable and depends on several factors, including the surgeon's fee, facility fee, and anesthesia charges. Fees in the Midwestern United States typically range from $4,500 to $5,500.
Mini abdominoplasty is frequently performed in combination with liposuction or as part of the mommy makeover. Under these circumstances, multiple procedure discounts are usually applicable. The cost of mini abdominoplasty is important but patients should also consider their surgeon's experience and qualifications.
It's absolutely essential that you are able to communicate and have a comfort level with the surgeon who will be performing your surgery.
Mini Tummy Tuck Costs?
Thank you for the question. As you have seen the monetary costs of mini tummy tuck surgery varies greatly.
More importantly you should be aware of the limitations of the mini tummy tuck procedure; otherwise, the cost of revisionary surgery should also be considered.
In my opinion, the mini tummy talk is an operation that produces very limited results and is very rarely indicated. It involves a shorter incision but does not address the majority of the abdominal wall issues present for most patients who present consultation. For example, the area of skin excised is quite small. The abdominal wall musculature is addressed below the umbilicus leaving the upper number wall potentially lax. The appearance of the umbilicus is not necessarily addressed sufficiently.
For most patients who have had pregnancies and/or weight loss a full abdominoplasty is necessary to achieve the desired results. Of course, there are downsides (including a longer scar and probably a longer recovery time) but for most patients the benefits outweigh the downsides. It is not unusual to see patients who've had mini tummy tuck surgery present for revisionary surgery.
It is important to work with a well experienced board-certified plastic surgeon to obtain advice (based on good ethics and judgment) to improve your chances of a successful outcome and minimize the need for further surgery.
I hope this helps.
Web reference: http://www.poustiplasticsurgery.com/Procedures/procedure_tummytuck.htm
You might also like...
Mini tummy tuck cost
The fee for a mini-tummy tuck will vary from area to area. In NYC figure the range is$7,000-$10,000 for the surgeon's fee.
Web reference: http://www.stevenwallachmd.com
Cost of a mini tummy tuck
Realself has great resources for this but it may widely range from 3500-15000 USD depending on what is doen
Web reference: http://www.bodysculptor.com/body-surgery-chicago/tummy-tuck/
Atlanta - Mini Tummy tuck cost
At our facility in Atlanta the Tummy tuck procedure can range from $5,500.00 to 7,500.00 . The pricing includes the doctors professional fee, the facility cost and the anesthesia fee. It also includes all of your follow up visits. We would need to see you for a consultation to give you an exact cost.
Mini tummy tuck
It really depends on who is doing your surgery, how much tissue is being removed, whether you need liposuction with it, and whether it can be done under local anesthesia. This will range between 3500 to 6000 in Southern California.
Cost of a mini tummy tuck
How Much Does a Mini Tummy Tuck Cost?
good luck.
thank you
Mini Tummy Tuck Cost, Connecticut
Web reference: http://www.drsofer.com/tummy-tuck/
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
7 The Boulevarde East Maitland NSW 2323
Contact Agent
- 3
- 3
- 2
Natasha McElwaine
- 0429 308 492
- 0429 308 492
- View profile
7 The Boulevarde East Maitland
Family living on a tranquil acre in prime location
There can't be many things lovelier or that capture the joys of rural living than a very private and tranquil oasis within walking distance to a major shopping precinct with all services and facilities. An acre of relaxing gardens and native lawns studded with mature trees embrace this desirable family home enviably located two minutes' drive from Stockland Greenhills. Set to the rear of the gently sloping block, the home is perfectly tuned to its peaceful environment. A circular driveway leads through gardens to a contemporary ranch-style brick residence boasting a wide covered front verandah entry opening to a flexible floor-plan with multiple, formal and informal living and dining spaces of impressive dimensions. Filled with natural light throughout and with most rooms opening via large glass sliding doors to the verandahs, the atmosphere is light, airy and relaxed, and while delivering contemporary living as is, offers ample scope for future enhancement.
Overlooking the family meals area, the hub of the home is the timber, all-electric kitchen with ample meal preparation and storage space plus lovely garden vistas. Easy access to the rear-facing covered alfresco...
Property No. 115300107
Page Visits: 723
- General Features
- Property Type:House
- Bedrooms:3
- Bathrooms:3
- Land Size:0.40ha (1.00 acre) (approx)
- Indoor Features
- Toilets:3
- Study
- Built-in Wardrobes
- Outdoor Features
- Carport Spaces:2
Floorplans & Interactive Tours
Details not provided
Thinking of living in east maitland?
Explore the prices, people and lifestyle that's on offer.
Are you considering investing in east maitland?
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Prepared by Local Sales
|Sale Type
|Sale Date
|172 Lawes St
|Private Treaty
|12 Lochend Cct
|Private Treaty
|29 Beaufort Cct
|Private Treaty
|23 Vista Pde
|Normal Sale
|1/40 Brunswick St
|Private Treaty
|1/14 MacRae St
|Normal Sale
|1 Waller St
|Normal Sale
|3 Hobart St
|Normal Sale
|1/47A Day St
|Private Treaty
|25 Gloaming Av
|Private Treaty
This information has been obtained by RP Data and is subject to the following copyright:
RP Data Notice/Disclaimer
© 2015 Copyright RP Data Ltd, Local, State, Commonwealth Govt. All rights reserved. No reproduction, distribution, or transmission of the copyrighted materials at this site is permitted. The information provided is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
The price of a property that falls in the middle of a total number of s sold over a period of time, based on listings over the preceding 12 months.
Data supplied by RP Data Pty Ltd trading as CoreLogic
This information has been obtained by RP Data Pty Ltd trading as CoreLogic and is subject to the following copyright:
RP Data Pty Ltd trading as CoreLogic Notice/Disclaimer
© 2015 Copyright RP Data Pty Ltd trading as CoreLogic (CoreLogic), Local, State, and Commonwealth Governments. All rights reserved. No reproduction, publication, adaption, modification, public communication, distribution or transmission of the copyrighted materials in this publication is permitted whether in whole or in part. The copyrighted materials in this publication are provided for personal or internal business purposes only unless otherwise agreed in writing.
The information provided in this publication is current as at the publication date only. CoreLogic does not warrant accuracy or completeness in the information it supplies and to the full extent allowed by law excludes any liability for any loss or damage arising from or in connection with the supply or use of the whole or any part of the information in this publication through any cause whatsoever and limits any liability it may have to the amount paid to CoreLogic for the supply of such information.
New South Wales Data
Contains property sales information provided under licence from the Land and Property Information ("LPI"). RP Data Pty Ltd trading as CoreLogic is authorised as a Property Sales Information provider by the LPI.


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It was close to the train station, but the building and facility was old. Shower place door isn't very secured for locking.
Only about 10 minutes from the airport and a very short walk to the train station, this guesthouse is a good option for the night before a morning flight. The owners are extremely friendly, the rooms are actually pretty big by Japanese standards and WiFi is very good. Nothing really to complain about, though I do wish the shared toilets...
I booked the guest house via agoda website for Japanese Style Twin Room With Shared Bath Room as we arrived late at midnight and need a place near to the airport as travel down to Osaka might took us more time. My friend introduce me this business ryokan. The owner and the staff are all very friendly, although we might...
Stayed here on two different nights. Typical Minshuku accommodation, I ate out at Tokiyoshi across the road, the best ramen I have had in Japan. The couple who own the Minshuku were very accommodating to me and allowed me to park my bicycle inside. Will stay there when I pass through again.
I've stayed this place at the last day of my trip to Osaka. It's not a hotel, motel or even japanese style ryokan. It seems this place was originally an ordinary Japanese house or small business building because the layouts of everything, the room, bathroom, toilet and valcony (which located at the end of the hallway on 2nd floor) was...
Budget guesthouse with Japanese style rooms and shared bath/toilet. Not new, or fancy, but clean and comfortable. The Inkeeper spoke very little English, but check in was fine. It was handy to know a few words in Japanese. She greeted me with a hot cup of green tea, nice touch! A group of noisy young men checked in just after...
At first the purpose of my choice was the location and the price, for a late arrival at the airport and early flight. All hotel at the airport were really expensive, this one was reasonable price and at 3 minutes from Izumisano station (which is 2-3 station from the airport). The check in time is normally until 10pm but they...


text:
Microfluidics Is On a Roll and...
GBSI Is Taking Action to Reduce...
How, and Where, Robots Have Replaced...
The New Frontline of Infectious Disease...
iBio signed a license and collaboration agreement with Caliber Biotherapeutics for the development and production of recombinant plant-based biopharmaceuticals using iBioLaunch™ technology and Caliber's plant-based manufacturing capabilities.
The new relationship establishes a turn-key plant-based biopharmaceutical development capability, from the earliest stage of product selection and optimization through large-scale production, according to Robert B. Kay, executive chairman and CEO of iBio. Caliber and iBio will use their combined capabilities for their own product portfolios, starting with an undisclosed monoclonal antibody for oncology indications, where Caliber and its affiliates have experience, continued Kay. The companies also will make their combined capabilities available to third parties through licensing and partnering arrangements for other recombinant plant-based biotherapeutics and vaccines.
iBioLaunch technology is focused on using common green plants to produce commercial quantities of targeted human proteins in proper form for use as the active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development and production of biopharmaceuticals. Caliber owns and operates a large cGMP commercial manufacturing facility for plant-made biopharmaceutical products.
Under the terms of the agreement, iBio will receive license and milestone fees for development of product targets selected by Caliber, which will be responsible for funding clinical development and commercialization of such collaboration products. iBio will receive royalties on product sales and other revenues.
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text:
Normally diving happens too quickly or the cameras are too far away for us to see anything humourous, but apparently there are some photographers who have captured some rather interesting photographs of divers mid-dive.
Focused Faces of Olympic Divers
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Diving's Funniest Faces
Started by Child of Bast , Jun 27 2012 08:54 PM
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120 Kardashians Articles
Rumer Willis & Sisters Want Their Own Kardashian-Like Reality Show1 day ago 1
We could be into this. Rumer Willis, along with her sisters, is thinking she wants to follow in the footsteps of another set of famous sisters-- and… Read Article ▶
Tyga & Kylie Jenner: 'Pleazer' Song Not Disrespecting Her & She Loves It2 weeks ago 3
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text: Bear Creek CDP in the Kenai Peninsula Borough Community Details Incorporation Type CDP Area Type Community Current Population 1,985 Population Comment 2014 Department of Labor Estimate Pronunciation Borough/Census Area FIPS Code 122 Place FIPS 05585 Economy Subsistence Yes Residents Age 16 and Over 1,507 Residents Employed in 2013 976 Residents Employed (%) 65 Employed in all 4 Quarters (%) 64 Employed in Private Sector (%) 75 Employed in Local Gov. (%) 11 Employed in State Gov. (%) 14 Resident Wages in 2013 ($) 35,877,283 New Hires 308 Unemployment Insurance Claimants 207 Local Labor Market Info URL http://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/alari/index.cfm?r=2&b=12&p=27&goplace=go Economy - Fisheries Participation and Earnings CDQ Participant No CQE Eligible No All Fisheries, Permits Issued 0 Economy - Fuel Prices Election, Recording, and Judicial Districts Senate District O Senator Peter Micciche (R) House District 29 Representative Mike Chenault (R) Judicial District 3 Facilities and Amenities Broadband Internet Available Yes Broadband Cell Phone Services Yes Cell Phone Service Available Yes Max Upload Speed Available 3 Mbps to 6 Mbps Max Download Speed Available 10 Mbps to 25 Mbps Geography and Climate Location Bear Creek is on the east coast of the Kenai Peninsula, northeast of Seward, between Mile 3 and 7 of the Seward Highway. It lies approximately 120 highway miles south of Anchorage. Community Map Available No Latitude 60.2113 Longitude -149.3087 Climate Bear Creek falls within the gulf coast maritime climate zone, characterized by a rainy atmosphere, long, cold winters, and mild summers. History and Culture History Bear Creek is a local name, first published by D.H. Sleem on his map of central Alaska, dated 1910. Bear Lake is the source of the stream. Nearby Seward became an incorporated city in 1912. The Alaska Railroad was constructed between 1915 and 1923, and Seward developed as the ocean terminus and supply center. By 1960, Seward was the largest community on the peninsula. As an ice-free harbor, Seward has become an important supply center for Interior Alaska. Culture Bear Creek is a relatively large settlement. There are a number of social and cultural opportunities in nearby Seward. Federally Recognized Tribe No Municipal Powers Regions Borough/Census Area Kenai Peninsula Borough School District Kenai Peninsula Borough School District DCRA Alaska Region Gulf Coast Region Climate Region Gulf Coast Maritime Taxes Sales Tax (%) 3.00 Sales Tax Note Borough Tax Property Tax (Mills) 4.50 Property Tax Note Borough Tax Transportation Transportation Bear Creek is connected to the Alaska Highway system and is 5 miles north of Seward. The Seward Airport also provides daily air service and charters. The Port of Seward serves cruise ships, the state ferry, cargo barges, and ocean freighters from Seattle and overseas. Its small boat harbor has moorage and two boat launch ramps. The Alaska Railroad provides over 1.4 billion pounds of cargo transit each year, importing cargo for the Interior and exporting coal to the Pacific Rim. Harbor/Dock No State Ferry No Cargo Barge No Road Connection Yes Coastal No Housing - 2010 Census Total Housing Units 1,020 Total Households 835 Family Households 525 Average Household Size 2.34 Total Occupied Housing Units 835 Total Vacant Housing Units 185 Occupied Housing Units (%) 81.9 Owner Occupied Units (%) 75.4 Renter Occupied Units (%) 24.6 Vacant Housing Units (%) 18.1 Vacant Due to Seasonal Use (%) 58.4 Census Population History Population in 2000 1,748 Population in 2010 1,956 Population by Age - 2010 Census 19 or Younger 478 20 to 64 1,368 65 and Older 110 Median Age 42 Other Population Characteristics - 2010 Census Population by Gender: Female 905 Population by Gender: Male 1,051 Percent Native, Alone or in Combination with Another Race 14.60 Income - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Per Capita Income 29,180 Per Capita Income - Margin of Error +/-5,659 Median Household Income 81,392 Median Household Income - Margin of Error +/-23,350 Median Family Income 79,444 Median Family Income - Margin of Error +/-11,454 Poverty - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Population for whom poverty status is determined 1,754 Total Population - Margin of Error +/-481 Persons below poverty level (%) 10.60 Persons below poverty level (%) - Margin of Error +/-5.5 All Individuals below 125 percent of poverty level 186 Persons below 125% of poverty level - Margin of Error +/-97


text:
Relive Iron Man, the adventure that kicked off the Marvel Cinematic Univers...
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
Snowboarding in Tignes, France
me snowboarding
Tying to get up a hill. on ice. harder than it sounds.
my cousin crashing
A friend trying to hit a jump on a little fake snowboard with a rope attach...
Just snowbording mith my bro.
Cool Snowboarding Trick
in beverly hills
in beverly hills
cool snowboarding movie
a little bit of snowboarding bails and some cool tricks song:"this is how w...
grazy jump
A new Extreme sport. Snowboarding and Wakeboarding combined.
me and my friend at moutain creek
we filmed this in less then 2 hours with less then 2 mins of total footage
Another one of these ...
Later they fought a Yeti together.


text:
Hello –
Do you have any non LATIN-9 encoding characters in your PDB file? That can cause these types of errors.
Nathan Baker
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Tel: 509-375-3997
From: Vicky James [mailto:victoriamaryjames@...]
Sent: Thursday, October 06, 2011 6:45 AM
To: apbs-users@...
Subject: [apbs-users] Still having problems with the server..
Hi there,
I know that the PDB2PQR server has recently come back online after being down for a while.
However, I tried the server today and I am still getting errors. They are the same each time for whatever .pdb file or PDB ID I try to submit.
I have attached a screen shot of the webpage showing the sequence of function calls leading up to the error.
I'm afraid that I can't work out what they mean..
Hope you can help.


text:
Relevant offers
A top spook has been placed on "gardening leave" over the Kim Dotcom illegal spying debacle.
Hugh Wolfensohn - also known as agent CX - has more than 15 years experience with the Government Communications Security Bureau.
Director Ian Fletcher would not comment "on staff or employment matters" yesterday. But it is understood Mr Wolfensohn, a former GCSB acting director and legal adviser, has been sent home while an internal review takes place at the under-fire bureau.
Dotcom was placed under surveillance by the GCSB after a request by the Organised and Financial Crime Agency (Ofcanz) last year. However, he is a New Zealand resident, and protected from the activities of the foreign intelligence agency.
There is speculation that Mr Wolfensohn was involved in approving the spying.
Police told spies during a February 16 debrief that the surveillance may have been illegal, but the agency's legal department found no concerns.
But the bungle was made public last month when Dotcom's legal team began to ask questions. An investigation found the bureau was wrongly interpreting immigration laws, which changed in 2009. Three further cases - which may have been unlawful - are being reviewed.
Prime Minister John Key faces further questions in Parliament over the internet millionaire, who is facing extradition to the US on copy infringement charges.
Opposition parties are set on tripping Mr Key up on his claim that he first heard of Dotcom on January 19, the day before the entrepreneur's home was raided.
NZ First MP Winston Peters says that before this a former police officer told Mr Key he was leaving to work for Dotcom. He was working as a VIP protection officer and had driven Mr Key while in Auckland.
"VIPS" are sometimes used in place of the Diplomatic Protection Service.
Mr Key told Parliament Mr Peters was "referring to a chap whose last name I do not know; his first name is Regan. He does not work for the Diplomatic Protection Squad; he works for - or he used to work for - VIPS and, no, I was not aware that he went to work for Kim Dotcom."
- Fairfax Media
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Dargaville skin doctor tackles melanoma death rate
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Fundraiser looks to buy hospital scanner
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Race kicks off Leathen's new life
Music shop to close a 'Howick icon'
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International student threatens to set himself alight at MP's office
Auckland bus drivers plan protest over roster
Tributes flow for the late Edward 'John' Evans
Auckland film industry hub gets the initial go ahead
Arthritis sufferer tackles base camp challenge
Black Caps fans welcome home returning World Cup heroes in Auckland
Tragedy strikes during dune motorbike ride
Lotto winners promise 'random acts of kindness'
Masala restaurants fined for exploiting migrant workers
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New Zealand's most expensive homes for sale
Auckland film industry hub gets the initial go ahead
Hot Auckland property market creating insurmountable task
Auckland drivers fill up with beer-based biofuel
Sports car stolen from New Plymouth found 're-birthed' in Auckland
International student threatens to set himself alight at MP's office
Blessie's killer loses name suppression appeal but remains anonymous for now
Illegal immigrant jailed for 'violent' attack
New housing area will provide 1000 homes
Pebbles Hooper deletes Twitter page after backlash over 'natural selection' comments
Are you happy with the council rates revaluation on your home?
Do you have an idea for a story? Email us or give us a call on 09 925 9700.


text:
The red dress shirt and white tie said it all. Geoffrey Wanjala is one proud Canadian. Or he will be after his citizenship ceremony at the Alberta legislature on Canada Day.
Great travel photos from around the world
"We have terrible neighbours," Ahmad told us as he explained why tourism in his Middle East country had dropped 65 per cent in the last three years.


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Host comes on down for game show
If these words spark some titillation — "Come on down! You are the next contestant on 'The Price Is Right'! — then prepare for titillation.
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|Reviews for Lord Vader's Limpet
| Igornerd chapter 1 . 6/30
This was hilarious and cute!
| Rascal chapter 1 . 3/20
That was hysterical. It was so sweet it's gonna rot my teeth! I was nearly crying I was laughing so hard. I need more.
Oh my goodness. My body is sore solely from laughing so hard.
Are you trying to kill me with laughter?
| Tatsumaki-sama chapter 1 . 1/28
This was adorably precious. We need more stories of Darth Vader interacting with his grandchildren and putting up with his in-laws.
| ImperialGirl chapter 1 . 12/21/2014
I will read your explanation chapter when I stop laughing. I am increasingly loving the Imperial-survival subgenre of SW fic and I want this to be canon so much. (Yes, I realize this fic's old. Check the date on mine...never too late to review.)
| sp90TANGo chapter 1 . 10/23/2014
a great oneshot
| Khaleesi's Fyre chapter 1 . 7/23/2014
When it comes to writing humor -especially Star Wars humor- it takes a lot to get more than a snort out of me. That being said, I completely lose it every time I read something by you. I've had this particular story in my favorites for a while, but every time I come across it, it never fails to make me laugh hysterically. Your sense of humor is fantastic, and your characterization is absolutely perfect.
| Zardi chapter 1 . 7/1/2014
I read this story years ago on an old account, and I can't remember if I ever reviewed (also, too lazy to look through all the reviews). But, I still get a kick out of this story and, luckily, remembered the name of it so I could fav again :D
| ElleEst chapter 1 . 2/24/2014
I loved this and how funny and sweet it was. Great interactions between Vader, Ben, Luke and Mara.
"He is not permitted to." Silly Vader.
| Jambee chapter 1 . 2/21/2014
"I find your lack of control disturbing" - lol best line ever - that Vader said while changing Ben.
| Zexs chapter 2 . 12/22/2013
I really hope you continue this you have so much potential material to cover with jaina, vader knocking some sense into Jacen's little sith lord episode would be interesting. has the vong war happened in your universe it not really clear but that would be interesting with vader who knows how many lost imperial super weapons he knows about that are just floating around.
| tryal-leaf chapter 1 . 10/15/2013
HAHAHAHA! Oh my, I love this so much! xD It's perfect!
The interactions between Vader, Luke, and, of course, the limpet himself, Ben, is absolutely priceless. It's very well-written and well-executed, an excellent portrayal of family and the irresistibleness that is baby Ben Skywalker.
10/10 would read again!
May the plot bunnies be ever plentiful,
| Artificial Life Creator chapter 2 . 6/20/2013
Bah, I won't hold it against you! (The rule violating) I'm thrilled that you did! I kinda want to see a sequel, but I also kinda don't because this was just so fantastic! Limpet...
| Artificial Life Creator chapter 1 . 6/20/2013
During the "play high-pitched star fighter combat", I had my tablet under one arm and my teddy near under the other and I was grinning like an idiot. There're just so many wonderful things about this! The limpet, the "gall not to be properly dead"... *happy sounds*
This sentence seems to have been two sentences at one point: "To say that Darth Vader was not amused would be **an co-ruling the galaxy and commanding the most powerful naval force in history, he had somehow fallen to the level of a two-year-old's personal playground."
It would also be nifty to hear about how Vader survived.
| tennisdesi91 chapter 1 . 6/16/2013
F_ adorable! this is awesome! So much looooove!
| Aubrey Lowe chapter 1 . 5/17/2013
Type your review for this chapter here...


text:
Meat products handbook: Practical science and technology
G. Feiner, quot;Meat products handbook: Practical science and technologyquot;
CRC | 2006 | ISBN: 0849380103, 1845690508 | 648 pages | File type: PDF | 11,2 mb
There has long been a need for a comprehensive one-volume reference on the main types of processed meat products and their methods of manufacture. Based on over twenty years' experience in the industry, Meat Products Handbook is designed to meet that need. It combines a detailed practical knowledge of processing and ingredients with the scientific underpinning to understand the effect of particular process steps and ingredients on product safety and quality. The author sets the stage with a review of meat composition and its effect on quality together with the role of additives. It goes on to discuss raw materials, additives, manufacturing processes, and representative recipes for a range of particular meat products.
[Fast Download] Meat products handbook: Practical science and technology
Shrubs: An Old Fashioned Drink for Modern Times
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The Big Fat lies Recipes: 80 Delicious and Healthy Fat Foods, Lose weight Eating the Foods you Love
In the Devil's Garden: A Sinful History of Forbidden Food
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Baking By Hand: Make the Best Artisanal Br(4985)
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text:
All hotels in Alanya, Turkey
1 room, 2 adults
Merkez Mahallesi Akdeniz Bulvari No:4, Turkler, Alanya, Antalya, 07400, Turkey, 0203 027 9779
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Our bags didn't arrive in time. But since the staff don't speak English well they simply…
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text:
The International Women's Rights Project (IWRP) was founded in 1998 to strengthen the capacity of women's NGOs in Canada and internationally to advocate for women's human rights. The IWRP works to influence the implementation of international human rights standards through collaboration, participatory research and evidence-based advocacy. IWRP operates on a project-by-project basis, with … [Read More...]
Heather Evans joins IWRP!
May 20, 2015
Heather Evans is a feminist activist, social justice educator and gender-based violence researcher with over a decade of experience as a women's … [Read More...]
Erica Little joins IWRP!
March 28, 2015
Erica graduated from Capilano University and Simon Fraser University with a Communications Diploma and Degree. She represents IWRP on the Up For … [Read More...]
Welcome Chantal Gougain to IWRP!
February 23, 2015
Chantal has a degree in Communications and International Development and is working on IWRP's contribution to the BC CEDAW Group's submission to the … [Read More...]
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February 13, 2015
Annita is a member of the Tahltan Nation located in Northwestern British Columbia's Stikine Valley. She is former President of the Tahltan … [Read More...]
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- IWRP is a member of an alliance of more than 100 women's organizations and allies focused on raising feminist issues for the 2015 Canadian federal … [Read More...]


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Clean Audio for TV broadcast: An Object-Based Approach for Hearing-Impaired Viewers - April 2015
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AES Convention Papers Forum
The Audio Performance Comparison and Method of Designing Switching Amplifiers Using GaN FET
This paper addresses physical characteristics of FET materials, the method of designing switching amplifiers using GaN FET, and the audio performance comparison of silicon and GaN FET. The physical characteristics of GaN FET are excellent, but there is a technical limitation to apply to consumer electronics. Depletion mode GaN FET is used in the proposed system. Its characteristic is better than Enhance mode. But it has the characteristic of normally turn on. To solve this problem, a cascaded GaN switch block is used. It is a combination of depletion mode GaN and enhanced mode Si. The proposed method has more of an outstanding audio performance than the switching amplifier used in silicon.
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