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With the great rush of readying one's yard for the summer season, be sure to pause as you collect supplies for a Saturday morning project because you may hear a familiar voice in your local home improvement retailer.
While shopping in any American or Canadian Lowe's, the voice you will hear belongs to Michael Brang, who you may recognize from campaigns he has voiced for major brands like McDonalds, Verizon, and Starbucks. A member of Voices.com, this voice-over actor is now the personality for Lowe's new summer campaign, "Outdoor Room." Lowe's created the campaign to showcase the products and processes that will enhance popular backyard projects. Ranging from solar lighting, patio deck restoration and preservation, lawncare, furniture, and more, the project's purpose is to increase awareness of how Lowe's can help customers make their backyard dreams a reality.
Looking for an energetic voice to promote their upcoming summer products, Lowe's and agency1903's production team selected Brang for his fresh, guy-next-door sound. "The standard gruff, manly voice is being put to the side at the moment," states Brang, explaining the tone of the initiative. "Lowes is appealing to the entire family, so they were not looking for just the stereotypical 'man of the house' sound, so to speak."
What was originally a one-spot deal bloomed to 8 after the second-largest home improvement retailer worldwide heard the initial voice-over and realized the potential afforded to the campaign. "For me, being that Lowe's is one of the largest home supply stores in the U.S. and Canada, it was an honour and big accomplishment to have earned their trust," Brang says.
The project, completed in Brang's home studio, will be airing in stores across North America, as well as on the company's YouTube channel.
Lowe's operates more than 1,830 stores in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Go here to see clips of the "Outdoor Room" campaign, currently running in a store near you.
About Michael Brang
With over a decade in the industry, Michael Brang has voiced countless projects for clients all around the world. He has worked with major brands like McDonalds, Verizon, Starbucks, Toyota and Ace Hardware - to name a few. Mike also coaches up-and-coming voice actors, both locally at his Ventura County-based studio, as well as via Skype and phone. He even assists students with how to be successful on Voices.com!
Mike is represented by Mike O'Dell at BBA Talent Agency in Burbank, CA. and is a member in good standing with SAG-AFTRA. Visit Mike at www.mikedoesvoices.com/.
Award-Winning Voices.com Member, Kurt Kelly, Voice of James Patterson's Self-Destructing Book
Canadian Voice-Over Star, Bev Standing, to Share Secrets to Success at Midwest VO Conference
Voices.com Announces New Technology Partnership with YouScreenWriter.com
Voices.com Announces New Integration with SlingShot
Voices.com Takes on NYC with CDMN Soft Landing Program
Voices.com and Race Roster Accepted into the Canadian Technology Accelerator in New York City
Voices.com Announced as Finalist in The 2015 Business Achievement Awards' Excellence in HR Category
Voices.com to Be Featured in Western's Outside-the-Box Career Paths Panel
Voices.com Launches Partner Program API for Access to Voice Over Talent Database
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Local Admission Area for Transfers
Cal Poly Pomona is impacted at the campus level for all programs (campus impaction), with some academic programs being impacted further at the program/major level (major impaction).
Campus Impaction:
For majors that are not impacted at Cal Poly Pomona, admission is impacted at the campus level for all transfer applicants. Applicants who are from local area schools are required to meet the minimum CSU eligibility requirements only. Non-local applicants must meet additional criteria which may include a higher grade point average to be considered for admission.
Local Admission Area include the following:
Mount San Antonio College
Citrus College
Program/Major Impaction:
For certain majors at Cal Poly Pomona that are identified as impacted at the program/major level, there is not a distinction between local area or non-local area applicants for impacted programs. All candidates must meet regular University admission standards, coursework, etc. and meet any additional standards required by the major department.
Cal Poly Pomona's impacted majors are:
College of Agriculture
- Animal Health Science
- Animal Science
College of Business Administration
- Accounting
- Management & Human Resources
College of Engineering
- Aerospace Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Computer Engineering
- Construction Engineering Technology
- Electrical Engineering
- Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology
- Engineering Technology
- Industrial Engineering
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
College of Environmental Design
- Architecture
College of Letters, Arts, & Social Sciences
- Communication
- Music - Music Industry Studies
- Psychology
- Sociology
College of Science
- Biology
- Biotechnology
- Chemistry
- Computer Science
- Environmental Biology
- Kinesiology - Exercise Science
- Kinesiology - Health Promotion
- Physics
For more information on the specific impacted major requirements go to Impaction for Transfers.

subset: commoncrawl


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CHICAGO -- Bears Pro Bowl guard Kyle Long spent part of the weekend making good on a pledge he made to support 9-year-old Huntley, Illinois, resident Andrew Oyston, who has had to endure taunts from elementary school kids on the bus and in the classroom because of his weight for close to three years, according to his father.
"Apart from the fact that they are really big Bears fans, they just seem like really good people," Long told ESPNChicago.com on Monday. "You can only do and say so much to try and help your kid, but at a certain point you turn your child over to the school, and for most of the day, you just hope things go smoothly.
"Andrew is a really nice, smart and energetic kid. With any place, there is always going to be some bad apples that make things not go as well as you would like."
The bullying got so bad, said Andrew's father, Frank, that Andrew had to change schools.
Frank Oyston, who continues to search for ways to help his despondent son, has addressed the issue with the principal at Andrew's new school.
"It had reached the point where Andrew couldn't handle it anymore," Oyston told ESPNChicago.com on Monday. "He didn't know what to do. He didn't want to talk to anybody. The principal got involved and he obviously wasn't happy with it, but something had to happen because this wasn't stopping.
"As a parent, you want to do so much more in these situations, but you really can't. So I thought maybe I could get somebody else involved."
That somebody turned out to be Long, the Bears' 2013 first-round draft choice.
Oyston reached out to Long, an active participant on social media, on Twitter to see if he would help restore his son's confidence.
Long's response was immediate: "I'll ride the bus w him."
"I was shocked he got back to me so quick," Oyston said. "I sent the first tweet that said, 'I have a favor to ask of you because my son is being bullied on the bus,' and right after I sent that I started typing another tweet asking Kyle if he could just talk to Andrew, and before I could hit send, Kyle had already gotten back to me saying he would ride the bus. That's how fast it was. It was amazing."
It proved to be impractical for Long to show up at the fourth-grader's school or ride the bus with him, and the sides spent several weeks trying to pin down a time when Andrew and Long could speak face to face, once the 6-foot-6, 313-pound offensive lineman returned to the Chicago area from his offseason home in California.
"Initially I just saw a dad that was in a tough spot with a kid that was obviously going through some things," Long said Monday. "As somebody that didn't have the best elementary and middle school experience, I can relate a lot to what Andrew is going through. I didn't know his specific situation, but the riding of the bus deal was kind of tough for me as well [as a child].
"I wanted to jump on this as soon as I could. We took about a couple months for everything to come to fruition and for me to meet the kid. But it was worth it. It was good for both of us."
The long-awaited meeting occurred Saturday at a Chuck E. Cheese in Crystal Lake, Illinois, where the Oystons were celebrating their daughter Riley's 8th birthday.
"Thanks for letting me come hang, great kid!" tweeted Long, who included a Twitpic.


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 156,979 this week
Kyle Mumford (I)
Director / Writer / Editor, Kyle Mumford grew up on the outskirts of Asbury Park, New Jersey. In high school, Kyle's short films got him accepted into the prestigious School of Visual Arts in NYC where he expanded into animation, documentaries, music videos, freelance editing, and ultimately feature films. Kyle's first feature length documentary "... See full bio »


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Education and learning
Jobs and careers
Law and licensing
Planning and the environment
Social care and health
Tourism and visitor attractions
Transport and streets
Latest news
Third Green Flag for King's Park Primary
Published on
No wonder members of King's Park Primary School's proud eco-committee are all beaming.
Upcoming events
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It's good to talk. So why not come along and meet Midlothian Council's housing team at one of our new 'housing chat' drop-in sessions, to be held in a town near you this summer.


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Circuitry for distinguishing each value in a read signal magnetically recorded in ternary-3 position modulation in which the values 1, 2 and 0 are detected and equalized into a singlet, a doublet and absence of magnetic flux change. The circuitry first determines the position locations of each singlet peak and doublet crossover point to establish proper timing of the output signals and then identifies the particular type of signal appearing at the timing points in the read signal sequence. Singlets are identified by the much greater amplitudes in the integrated read signal. Doublets are identified as waveforms having slopes at zero crossovers that correspond in polarity to that of the previous singlet. A novel detector circuit is provided that can correctly identify doublets in a code sequence, irrespective of the presence of a previous singlet, when a recording rule is followed that includes the insertion of a number of consecutive ternary 0 symbols into the recorded signal.
1. Circuitry responsive to a detected analog read signal for identifying each symbol in a sequence of recorded signals coded in a ternary-3-position modulation in which a ternary 1 symbol is recorded as a single flux reversal at the center of a timing detent and is read as a singlet analog signal, a ternary 2 symbol recorded as two flux reversals within the boundaries of a detent is read as a sinusoidal shaped doublet analog signal, and a ternary 0 symbol is recorded and read as the absence of flux change in a detent, said circuitry including:
receiving means for detecting the read signals of the recorded ternary code and for producing therefrom equalized analog signals containing ternary-3-position modulation symbols;
doublet and singlet position locator circuitry coupled to said receiving means and responsive to said equalized analog signals for detecting the location of the center of each detent identified with a doublet and singlet and for producing a doublet position locator signal and a singlet position locator signal indicative thereof;
singlet identifier circuitry coupled to said receiving means and to said singlet position locator circuitry for identifying each singlet by its amplitude, for correctly timing each identified singlet with said singlet position locator signal, and for generating output signals indicative of said timed singlet and its positive and negative sign; and
doublet identifier circuitry coupled to said receiving means, said doublet position locator circuitry, and to said singlet identifier circuitry, said doublet identifier circuitry including control signal producing means responsive to positive and negative sign signals from said singlet identifier for producing a control signal of first and second signs, said doublet identifier circuitry further including gating circuitry responsive to positive and negative excursions of said equalized analog signals and to said control signal for producing timed output pulses indicative of those doublets in said equalized analog signal that have a slope at the center of their respective detent that corresponds in sign to the sign of the previous singlet.
2. The circuitry claimed in claim 1 wherein said receiving means includes a transducer positioned to sense variations representing data on a recording medium and for producing output signals indicative of said variations, preamplifier circuitry coupled to the output of said transducer, and equalizer circuitry coupled to said preamplifier circuitry for reforming distorted waveforms in the output signals of said preamplifier.
3. The circuitry claimed in claim 2 wherein said singlet position locator includes zero reference circuitry coupled to the output of said receiving means for sensing the zero crossover locations of said equalized analog signal and for generating a doublet position locator signal of a fixed predetermined width indicative of each of said zero crossover locations.
4. The circuitry claimed in claim 2 wherein said singlet position locator circuitry includes an analog delay circuit for delaying said equalized analog signal by a time equivalent of substantially two detents, the output of said delay circuit being subtracted from said equalized analog signal in a differential circuit.
5. The circuitry claimed in claim 4 further including zero reference circuitry coupled to the output of said differential circuit for sensing the zero crossover locations of the differentiated equalized analog signal and for generating a singlet position locator signal of a fixed predetermined width indicative of each of said zero crossover locations.
6. The circuitry claimed in claim 5 wherein said singlet identifier includes:
first circuitry for separating positive and negative sign components of said equalized analog signal into first and second respective parallel channels;
an analog signal integrator in each of said parallel channels for integrating each signal in its respective channel; and
first and second threshold circuits respectively coupled to the signal integrator in said first and second channel, each of said first and second threshold circuits having applied thereto a threshold level that enables said threshold circuits to output high level integrated singlets and reject the low level integrated doublets, the output signals from said first and second threshold circuits respectively representing positive and negative sign singlet signals.
7. The circuitry claimed in claim 6 further including third and fourth threshold circuits respectively coupled to the input terminals of said first and second channels and to a threshold level that rejects substantially all noise present in the separated positive and negative sign components of said equalized analog signal, the output signals from said third and fourth threshold circuits being applied to the analog integrator in the respective channel for integration of signals that exceed the threshold level applied to said third and fourth threshold circuits.
8. The circuitry claimed in claim 7 further including positive and negative sign singlet signal combining circuitry coupled to the outputs of said first and second threshold circuits, and pulse generating means coupled to said signal combining circuitry and responsive to said singlet position locator signals for generating timed singlet output signal pulses of predetermined fixed time duration.
9. The circuitry claimed in claim 6 wherein said doublet identifier circuitry includes:
second circuitry for separating positive and negative sign components of said equalized analog signal into third and fourth respective parallel channels;
threshold circuitry coupled into each of said third and fourth channels and to a threshold level rejecting substantially all noise existing in said separated positive and negative sign components;
first and second gate circuits coupled respectively to said third and fourth channels, said first and second gate circuits being coupled to said control signal producing means and responsive to said control signal for outputting signals representing doublets having slopes at their zero crossover locations that correspond in sign to the sign of the previous singlet; and
second pulse generating means coupled to the output of said first and second gate circuits and to said doublet position locator signals for generating timed doublet output signal pulses of a predetermined width.
10. The circuitry claimed in claim 9 wherein said control signal producing means includes first and second flip-flops, each having set and reset input terminals and at least one output terminal, said first flip-flop producing a high output signal in response to either one of said positive and negative sign singlet signals, said second flip-flop producing a high output signal in response to one of said positive and negative sign signals and a low output in response to the other of said positive and negative sign signals, the output terminal of each of said first and second flip-flops being coupled to an exclusive-OR circuit, the output signal from which is said control signal.
11. The circuitry claimed in claim 1 wherein said doublet identifier circuitry includes a long interval detector coupled to the output of said receiving means and responsive to a predetermined minimum number of consecutive ternary zero symbols in said equalized analog signal for generating output signals for the control of said control signal producing means.
12. The circuitry claimed in claim 11 wherein said long interval detector provides output signals that control said control signal producing means in the absence of a controlling one of said positive and negative sign signals from said singlet identifier.
13. The circuitry claimed in claim 12 wherein said long interval detector includes:
differential circuitry coupled to said receiving means for differentiating said equalized analog signals;
threshold circuitry coupled to said differential circuitry for removing noise from said differentiated signals and for outputting first and second signals representing noise free positive and negative polarity portions of said signals;
circuitry for delaying said equalized analog signals and adding said delayed signals to the undelayed analog signals and for producing absolute values of the combined negative and positive portions of said delayed and added signal;
first and second integrators for receiving and integrating said absolute values during the period of said first and said second threshold circuitry output signals to obtain first and second integrated output signals respectively representing integrated positive and negative sign portions of said equalized analog signals; and
first and second comparators respectively coupled to said first and second integrators and to a threshold voltage at a level between the maximum amplitude of an isolated integrated singlet signal and an integrated doublet signal, said first and second comparators outputting first and second output signals upon the occurrence of a singlet and upon the occurrence of said predetermined minimum number of consecutive ternary zero symbols detected in said equalized analog signal.
14. The circuitry claimed in claim 13 wherein said control signal producing means includes first and second flip-flops each having a signal input terminal, a clock input terminal, true and false output terminals, and set and reset terminals, said first flip-flop being reset by either positive and negative sign signals from said singlet identifier circuitry and producing therefrom a false output signal to an exclusive-OR circuit, said first flip-flop having its signal input terminal coupled to the true output terminal of said second flip-flop and being clocked by said first output signal of said first comparator, said second flip-flop being set by said positive sign signal and reset by the negative sign signal from said singlet identifier circuitry, said second flip-flop having its signal input terminal coupled to the false output terminal of said first flip-flop and being clocked by said second comparator output signal, the output terminal of said second flip-flop being coupled to said exclusive-OR circuit.
15. The method for identifying each symbol in a sequence of binary signals recorded in ternary-3-position modulation and read by a transducer as distorted analog wave shapes representing the recorded signals, said ternary-3-position modulator having a ternary 1 symbol recorded as a single flux reversal at the center of a timing detent and being read as a singlet analog signal, a ternary 2 symbol being recorded as two flux reversals within the boundaries of a detent being read as a sinusoidal shaped doublet analog signal and a ternary 0 symbol being recorded and read as the absence of flux changes in a detent, said method comprising the steps of:
equalizing the output signal of the read transducer to reform distortions in said output signal into a sequence of equalized analog read signals;
determining from said equalized read signals the center location in each detent containing singlets and doublets and generating singlet and doublet position locator signals, respectively, identifying said central detent locations;
comparing the amplitudes of signals representing each singlet and each doublet in said equalized read signal sequence and generating singlet identifier signals representing the presence and positive and negative polarity sign of each singlet;
triggering the combined positive and negative polarity sign singlets with said generated singlet position locator signals to generate timed singlet output signals;
separating said equalized analog signals into a first channel and a second channel respectively conducting positive and negative polarity sign portions of said equalized analog signals;
gating each of said positive and negative polarity sign portions with a control signal having a polarity sign determined by the sign of the previously detected singlet to thereby identify those doublets having half wave portions with signs that correspond to the polarity sign of the previously detected singlet; and
triggering said identified doublets with said generated doublet position locator signals to generate timed doublet output signals.
16. The method claimed in claim 15 wherein the step of determining the central location of each detent includes the steps of:
applying said analog read signal to a zero crossover detector and producing a doublet position locator signal pulse of predetermined width therefrom; and
differentiating said analog read signal to shift the position of the resulting differentiated signal by approximately one detent and applying said resulting differentiated signal to a zero crossover detector and pulse generator for producing a singlet position locator signal of predetermined pulse width.
17. The method claimed in claim 16 wherein the step of comparing the amplitudes of signals representing singlets and doublets includes the steps of:
thresholding the positive and negative polarity portions of said equalized read signal sequence at a threshold level that removes substantially all noise from the respective portions;
integrating said positive and negative polarity portions for amplifying the amplitude differences between singlet and doublet signals; and
comparing the integrated positive and negative portions with a threshold voltage at a level between the maximum amplitudes of an integrated doublet and integrated singlet to thereby eliminate doublet signals from the output signals of the comparator circuitry.
18. The method claimed in claim 15 including the further step of:
providing latch circuitry responsive to said positive and negative polarity singlet identifier signals for generating said control signal, said control signal being switched to one state following the occurrence of a singlet of one polarity and to another state following the occurrence of a singlet of second polarity.
19. The method claimed in claim 18 further including the steps of:
delaying said equalized analog read signals and adding the delayed signals to said equalized read signals for detecting the occurrence of a long interval in said equalized read signal caused by a predetermined minimum number of consecutive ternary zero symbols in the recorded signal sequence;
separately integrating the positive and negative polarity portions of said delayed and added read signals over time periods limited by the respective occurrences of positive and negative portions of a differentiated analog read signal; and
comparing the positive and negative integrated output signals with a threshold at an amplitude level between the maximum level of a signal representing an isolated integrated half doublet and a signal representing an integrated singlet, the output signals generated by said comparing step being applied to said latch circuitry for controlling the state of said control signal in the absence of a controlling one of the positive and negative polarity singlet identifier signals.
The invention disclosed herein is closely related to that disclosed in an application Ser. No. 260,248, filed May 5, 1981 entitled "Ternary Data Encoding System".
This invention relates generally to the detection and processing of magnetically recorded digital data and particularly to a novel method and circuitry for accurately distinguishing the values of each read signal magnetically recorded in ternary 3-position modulation.
The 3-position modulation (3PM) system is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,931, issued April 6, 1982 to George V. Jacoby. Very briefly, the 3PM recording system is a self-clocking system that transforms a binary data word of, for example, three data bits into a bit stream that will be recorded in six positions or detents occupying the same track length of the three-bit binary word but with magnetic flux reversals no closer together than three of such detents, or one and one-half data bit lengths. The 3PM encoding technique permits a 50% increase in recorded data or bit densities over that available in NRZ or MFM code recording.
A further 33.3% increase in bit density over those resulting from 3PM encoding, and therefore still greater memory capabilities of a given magnetic memory, is achieved by the ternary 3PM encoding technique described in the copending application Ser. No. 260,248. Briefly, the ternary system employs three values (0, 1, and 2) into which the binary word is translated for recording on the magnetic medium. Thus, for example, a binary word comprising the two digits, 01, may be transformed into the ternary code 020, the digits 10 into ternary 100, and the digits 11 into ternary 200. As with 3PM encoding, ternary 3PM values are adjusted to assure that at least two zeros separate each recorded "1" or "2" so that the read signals representing these values may be readily distinguished. There ternary 3PM values are recorded on the magnetic medium as typical square waveform signals with a ternary "1" represented as a single flux change, a ternary "2" as a square wave pulse of two flux changes per detent, and a ternary "0" represented by no flux changes. At the very high recording densities, the output waveforms from the read head appear to be almost indistinguishable and incapable of rendering useful data signals, until they are reformed by suitable read equalizer circuits.
This invention is for a method and circuitry for the detection of equalized ternary 3PM analog read signals and the accurate identification of the values represented therein.
The ternary 3PM signal detection circuitry includes signal equalization circuits such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,266,204 issued May 5, 1981. These equalizing circuits effectively reform the detected wave shapes distorted by the differentiation of a magnetic transducer into equalized analog wave shapes. The value "0" is represented by the absence of the signal, the value, "1", which was recorded on the magnetic medium as a single current transition or a single flux reversal is detected at the output of the detector equalizer circuit as a single pulse or a singlet that roughly resembles a half cycle of a sine wave with its peak representing the point of magnetic flux reversal on the medium. The ternary value, "2", recorded as a square wave pulse with two magnetic flux reversals per detent, is detected at the output of the equalizer circuit as a full wave sinusoidal-shaped waveform, or doublet, with a point of zero crossover representing the mid-point of the recorded square wave.
The detection circuitry first detects the presence and the location of doublet and singlet wave shapes in a sequence by the detection of their crossover points. The sinusoidal shaped doublet crossover points are readily located with a simple comparator. Singlets, however, must be applied to derivative circuitry that performs its differentiation by a delay and subtraction process for reforming the wave shape into one from which accurate zero crossover detection may be measured. The resulting output from the singlet and doublet locator circuitry provides accurate position information of these wave shapes in a sequence, but cannot distinguish between doublet and singlet signals.
The identification of doublet and singlet waveforms in a sequence is accomplished in two parallel channels, each supplying a gate signal to a position detector which detects the time slot in which the zero crossover of the differentiated singlet or the crossover of the undifferentiated doublet occurs. The output of the position detector is a sequence of binary signals corresponding to the ternary 3PM signals that were originally recorded on the magnetic storage medium.
In the singlet identifier channel, the equalized read signal's absolute value, both singlet and doublet, is integrated to amplify the differences in amplitude between singlets and doublets and the integrator output is compared with a threshold voltage. Integrated singlets have an amplitude greater than the threshold whereas the integrated doublets have a lower amplitude. A minimum 3:1 ratio between integrated singlets and doublets is typical.
In the doublet identifier channel, the equalized analog read signal sequence is digitized and gated with a signal having a high or low state determined by the output of the singlet identifier. This control signal effectively "looks for" doublets with the necessary crossover slopes. The control signal high or low state is gated with a high or low first portion of a doublet before its zero crossover and all ungated doublets are rejected. The resulting signals are then accurately relocated in the output sequence by timing the signals with the doublet position locator signals. The doublet identifier channel also includes novel circuitry that operates to correct the doublet output sequence that may have resulted from a missing or reduced amplitude singlet that fails to produce the signal for gating with the digitized doublet signal sequence.
In the drawings which illustrate the circuitry and associated waveforms of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of the ternary 3PM detector circuitry;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the singlet identifier of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the doublet identifier of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a latch illustrated in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of typical waveforms occurring at various points indicated in the circuitry of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an illustration of typical waveforms occurring within the singlet identifier circuitry of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 consisting of 7A through 7D is an illustration of typical waveforms occurring in the doublet identifier circuitry of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 8 illustrates input/output waveforms and a truth table of the operation of the latch of FIG. 4.
The detection circuitry illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 includes a transducer or read head 10 that converts the magnetic flux variations in a moving magnetic medium into minute electrical signals that are amplified by a preamplifier 12 and applied through an automatic gain control circuit 14 to a low pass filter 16 and thence to an equalizer 18. The equalizer 18 is preferably the well-known cosine-squared circuit, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,756 issued Mar. 28, 1978, and functions to reform the input waveform that was distorted by the inherent differentiation of the read head 10.
FIG. 5 illustrates the waveforms associated with the recording of the ternary 3PM signals and the waveforms at various points in the detection circuitry of FIG. 1. The square waveforms in the sequence 20 represent the recorded signals of the ternary 3PM values indicated in the line 22. It will be noted that the recorded waveform representing the value "1" is a single magnetic flux change 24 occurring at the center of the corresponding detent 25. The value "2" is a double flux change 26 within the boundaries of its corresponding detent 27 and the value "0" is represented by the absence of flux change.
The equalizer 18 of FIG. 1, responding to the magnetic flux changes sensed by the read head 10, generates output signals in accordance with the waveform sequence A of FIG. 5. It will be noted that the single flux reversals 24 in the recorded sequence 20 appear in the equalized waveform sequence A as singlets 28 that extend only from one side of the zero base or abscissa axis, each singlet having a peak position or location that corresponds to the position of its respective flux change. It will also be noted that the double flux reversals within the boundaries of one detent in the recorded sequence 20 appear in the equalized sequence A as sinusoidally-shaped doublets 30, each having a crossover point 32 aligned with the center of its corresponding detent 27. A doublet is, of course, the resultant of two singlets each responding to the flux reversals at the beginning and end of its detent.
The equalized signal sequence A of separated doublets and singlets is applied to doublet and singlet position locator circuits which detects the center locations of each detent containing singlets and doublets by detecting the zero crossover points of the doublets and the peak location of the singlets. To detect the crossover points 32 of the doublets 30, the waveform sequence A is applied to a comparator 34 which compares the input signal with a zero reference to produce an output signal whenever the equalized signal crosses the zero base axis. The output of comparator 34 is applied to a one-shot multivibrator 36 which generates an output pulse having a period of approximately one detent at each crossover point. The leading edges of the square wave signals B of FIG. 5 represent the crossover points of all doublets in the waveform sequence A. Unfortunately, the pulse output of the one-shot 36 represents all crossover points of the waveform sequence A including false crossovers at each end of a doublet and falling between the correct crossover 32.
For proper identification, the output pulses of the pulse stream B from the one-shot 36 will be referred to as doublet position locators inasmuch as they contain position indications of the doublet signals.
As previously mentioned, the peaks of the singlets occur at points corresponding to the center of the recorded detents. The signal peaks are nearly impossible to locate by direct methods; however, peak locations may be determined by an analog differentiation of the waveform and then locating the zero crossover points of the differentiated waveform. Such differentiation is accomplished by delaying the equalized signal sequence, A, by a delay circuit 40 which has a delay corresponding to approximately two detents or the time difference between two peaks of an isolated doublet as illustrated in the waveform sequence A. The output of the delay circuit 40 is the signal sequence C illustrated in FIG. 5, and this waveform is subtracted from the output of equalizer 18 by the differential circuit 42 to produce signal sequence D of FIG. 5. The waveform represented by sequence D is the differential of the equalized waveforms A and when applied through a zero reference comparator 44 and one-shot 46, having a period of approximately one detent, an output pulse sequence, E, is generated. It will be noted that each zero crossover of the differentiated waveform, D, is displaced approximately one detent from the peak location of the singlet in sequence, A, and also that the sequence includes position data relating to doublets as well as the singlets. The pulse sequence, E, does, however, contain all the data necessary for locating the positions of singlets and the pulses are therefore referred to as singlet position locators. As previously mentioned, the locator pulses of sequences B and E of FIG. 5 can properly locate the singlets and doublets in a sequence but cannot distinguish between them.
For identification of the doublets and singlets, the equalized read signal, A, is applied to parallel channels, one of which is singlet identifier 48, the other being a doublet identifier 50. Each identifier generates appropriately timed gating pulses respectively representing singlets and doublets for further coordination by a position detector 52. The singlet identifier 48 is illustrated in detail in the block diagram of FIG. 2 and the doublet identifier 50 is detailed in FIG. 3. The waveforms at various points identified by reference letters in FIGS. 2 and 3 are shown by corresponding reference letters in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the equalized analog read input signal, A, is applied to an operational amplifier 54 at the input of the singlet identifier circuitry 48. The amplifier 54 splits the negative and positive portions of the waveform and applies each to a diode rectifier. The diode 56 rectifies the positive side of the amplified read signal A and the diode 58 rectifies the negative side of the signal to produce the signals represented by the waveforms F and G, respectively, of FIG. 6.
Positive and negative output signals of the amplifier 54 are also applied to comparators 64 and 66, respectively, each of which receives at their second input terminals a threshold voltage at a leval approximately corresponding to 25% of the amplitude of an isolated singlet as illustrated by the dashed line through the waveforms F and G of FIG. 6. By selecting a threshold voltage of approximately 25% of a singlet amplitude, substantially all noise existing in the equalized read signal sequence A is eliminated. The output from diodes 56 and 58 and the output of the comparators 64 and 66 are respectively applied to analog integrators 68 and 70 which operate to integrate only those portions of their respective input signals F, G, that exceed the noise threshold level established by the comparators 64 and 66. The output of the integrator 68 is represented by the signal H of FIG. 6 and the output of the integrator 70 is shown as signal, J. Note that integration operates to amplify the differences between singlets and doublets.
The output signals H and J from integrators 68 and 70 are applied to comparators 72 and 74, respectively, each of which receive, as an additional input, a threshold voltage at a level of approximately 70% of the amplitude of an integrated isolated singlet, as illustrated by the dashed horizontal lines through waveforms H and J of FIG. 6. The integrated singlets have a much greater amplitude and area than the integrated doublets so that the 70% threshold level applied to the comparators 72 and 74 will produce output signals from those comparators that represent only singlets. The output signals, S1, from the comparator 72 identify positive-going singlets in the equalized read signal sequence, A, while the output signals, S2, from the comparator 74 identify negative-going singlets. As shown in FIG. 1, the signals S1 and S2 are applied to the doublet identifier 50 and are also applied to the OR-gate 76 of FIG. 2. The output from OR-gate 76 is applied to a one-shot multivibrator 78 which generates output pulses, L, of approximately one detent in length in response to the leading edge of an input trigger pulse, K. This trigger pulse is derived from each singlet position locator pulse, E, of FIG. 5 that is delayed an equivalent of approximately 11/4 detents by the delay line 79 to assure triggering near the center portions of the S1 and S2 pulses. The properly timed output pulses, L, of the triggered one-shot 78 are then delayed approximately one-half detent by delay line 80 to produce singlet identifier output pulses, S, for the position detector circuitry 52 of FIG. 1.
Unlike singlets, doublets could appear to occur at any of three crossover points in a sequence of equalized signals. As mentioned earlier, the pulse output, B, of the one-shot 36 of FIG. 1 represents all crossover points in the equalized read signal sequence, A, including those crossovers occurring at the ends of a doublet and between the correct crossover points of consecutive doublets. It will be noted in the sequence A of FIG. 5 that the correct crossover point 32 of each doublet is on the waveform slope that corresponds to the direction or polarity of the preceding singlet. Thus, if a singlet has a negative polarity, all following doublets will have a negative slope as the waveform crosses the correct crossover point 32 in the zero base line. Similarly, a doublet zero crossover point will occur on the positive slope of all doublets following a singlet of positive polarity. The doublet identifier circuitry of FIG. 3 provides for the identification of the correct zero crossover points by gating circuitry employing, as input signals, the positive and negative singlet identifier signals S1 and S2, respectively, discussed above in connection with FIGS. 2 and 6.
In practice, a problem occasionally occurs that would normally confuse the circuitry identifying the doublet signals; a missing or low amplitude singlet that does not generate the necessary S1 or S2 singlet identifier gating signal. Should such a problem occur, all doublets could be identified at an incorrect crossover point and thus produce an erroneous output of the entire detection system until the next singlet is detected.
The doublet identifier circuitry of FIG. 3 includes a long interval detection circuit which, in conjunction with a recording rule of the ternary 3PM code, confirms or corrects the position, or zero crossover slope of doublets occurring after an intentionally inserted string of ternary zeros in the recorded signal. To effect this correction, a code recording rule requires that if two doublets follow a singlet they should have a minimum total spacing of four detents between their correct zero crossover points, and the third doublet, if present, must be at least five detents away from the previous doublet crossover point. Line 22 of FIG. 5 illustrates a ternary 3PM sequence (10020002000002) that follows the recording rule. The long interval detection system senses the five detent interval and with its one-bit memory, outputs the correct position or slope sign of the third doublet into the doublet identifier circuitry.
Turning now to FIG. 3 and the accompanying waveform diagram of FIG. 7, the doublet identifier 50 receives the equalized read signal sequence A and applies the signal to a comparator 84 and through an inverter 86 to a second comparator 88. The second input to comparators 84 and 88 is a threshold voltage that equals approximately 25% the amplitude of an isolated singlet to thereby eliminate any noise components from the resulting output signals. The output pulses from the comparators 84 and 88 are each delayed by a time equivalent of approximately two detents by the delay lines 90 and 92 to produce the output pulse sequences M and N, respectively, of FIG. 7. The signal sequence, M, is applied to one input terminal of an AND-gate 94 while the input pulse sequence N is applied to one input terminal of the AND-gate 96. The second input to the AND-gates 94 and 96 is derived from a latch 98, a block diagram of which is illustrated in FIG. 4.
Turning briefly to the block diagram of FIG. 4, the latch circuitry receives input signals S1 and S2 from the singlet identifier of FIG. 2 and also receives set and reset input signals from the long interval detector circuit which will be explained in detail later. For the present, however, it is sufficient to note that the S2 input signal is formed into a one-detent pulse by the one-shot 100 and applied directly to the reset input terminal of a D flip-flop 102. Similarly, the S1 input is formed into a one-detent pulse by the one-shot 104 and applied to the set terminal of the D flip-flop 102. Both of the S1 and S2 signals are applied as inputs to the OR-gate 107, the output of which resets the flip-flop 106 so that its output will always be high after either an S1 or S2 input. The Q output of the flip-flop 102 is applied as one input to an exclusive-OR gate 108 and the Q output of the flip-flop 106 is applied as the second input to the gate 108. Therefore, the exclusive-OR gate 108 will produce a high output when S2 resets flip-flop 102 and a low output when the flip-flop 102 is set so that both flip-flops output a high signal. Note, however, that the exclusive-OR output is inverted so that the output signal P is now high when both flip-flops produce identical output levels. Note also that, irrespective of the states of the input signals CC or DD from the long interval detector, the S1 and S2 signals assume priority over the circuit and control the output of the latch 98.
The pulse sequence of S2 and S1 of FIG. 6 have been repeated in FIG. 7 and the output of the latch 98 is indicated by the waveform P. It will be noted that the latch output P switches to a high state following a positive-going singlet, switches to a low state after the negative-going singlet, and again goes to its high state with another positive-going singlet. The latch 98 therefore function as a one-bit memory of the sign of the preceding singlet.
The signal P of FIG. 7 is applied directly to the second input terminal of the AND-gate 96 and through an inverter 110 to the second input terminal of the AND-gate 94.
The output of AND-gate 94 corresponds to the signal M occurring during the low state of the latch input signal P and is illustrated in FIG. 7 as waveform Q. Note that no pulses occur in the waveform Q because the pulses of waveform M occur only during the high state of the latch output signal, P. The output of the AND-gate 96 corresponds to the signal sequence N occurring during the high state of the signal P and is represented in FIG. 7 as the waveform R. The signals Q and R are applied to the one-shot multivibrator 112 which is enabled by either a positive or negative input and which is triggered by the doublet position locator signal B of FIGS. 1 and 5 that indicates the zero crossovers of the analog wave shape A. Signal B has been delayed by a time of approximately three-quarters of a detent by the delay circuit 114 as indicated by the pulse sequence T of FIG. 7. The period of the one-shot 112 is preferably one detent and a doublet identifier output signal, U, of one detent in length is generated whenever positive or negative input pulses, Q or R, respectively, occur at the leading edge of a trigger pulse, T.
To review very briefly, the doublet detector first removes noise from the equalized read signal, A, by applying both singlets and doublets to a 25% noise eliminating threshold. Both negative and positive singlets and doublets are then introduced into gating circuitry which eliminates all singlets. The resulting doublets are thereafter applied to a one-shot which coordinates the signal with the doublet position locator signals, B, so that the output, U, is a pulse sequence containing only properly timed doublets.
The circuitry of FIG. 3, yet to be described, is referred to as the "long interval detector" which, as previously mentioned, operates to correct the positions of doublets following an amplitude reduction or dropout of a singlet which normally identifies the correct zero crossover points of the following doublets. As previously noted, doublets are identified at their zero crossover points and the slope of the doublet at the crossover point must correspond to the polarity of the preceding singlet. Thus, if a singlet is negative, all following doublets will have a negative slope at their proper crossover point. If a singlet is lost or should happen to be read as part of a doublet because of some readout error, the following doublets could not accurately be identified and may mistakenly be identified at the incorrect crossover points of the doublet. The long interval detector recognizes the interval produced by a series of zeros recorded in accordance with the previously discussed ternary 3PM recording rule and, with its one-bit memory in the latch 98, corrects or confirms the sign of the output, P, to the doublet detector gates 94 and 96 of FIG. 3, irrespective of the presence or absence of a preceding singlet.
The long interval detector circuit receives the equalized read signal sequence A through the conductor 116 and applies it to a delay circuit 118 having a delay substantially equal to two detents. The output of the delay circuit 118 is subtracted from the sequence A at the differential circuit 120. It will be noted here that the resulting function is identical with that produced by the delay circuit 40 and differentiator 42 that produces the singlet position locator of FIG. 1 so that the output of the differential circuit 120 of FIG. 3 will generate the same output sequence, D, illustrated in FIG. 5 and repeated in FIG. 7. It should also be noted that since the signal sequence D of FIG. 7 is identical with that of FIG. 6, the output of the differential circuit 120 of FIG. 3 may be employed for generating the single position locator signal. Therefcre, the output of the differential 120 of FIG. 3 may be applied directly to the comparator 44 of FIG. 1 and the delay circuit 40 and the differential 42 of FIG. 1 may thus be eliminated.
Returning to FIG. 3, the output of the differential 120 is applied to the inverting and noninverting input terminals, respectively, of the comparators 122 and 124, each of which receive at their other input terminals a noise-eliminating voltage threshold of approximately 25% of the amplitude of an isolated singlet as illustrated by the dashed horizontal lines in the waveform D of FIG. 7. The output signal, V, of the comparator 122 is applied to the "set" input of the SR flip-flop 126 and the output signal, W, of the comparator 124 is applied to the "reset" input of the flip-flop 126. The true output of the flip-flop is represented by the waveform X of FIG. 7.
The output of the delay circuit 118 is also applied to an adder 130 which adds the delayed signal to the equalized read signal, A, to produce an output signal, Z, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The negative components of the output signal from adder 130 are then inverted and rectified and combined with the rectified positive components to obtain the absolute values, |Z|, of the signals which are then converted into corresponding current values by applying the signals to current generators 131 and 133. The absolute values, |Z| of the current representing the signal Z are then integrated by the current integrator comprising the series diode 132 followed by the capacitor 134 shunted to circuit ground, and a second current integrator, including the series diode 136 followed by the shunting capacitor 138.
The anode of the diode 132 is coupled to circuit ground through a switch 140 and the cathode is connected to circuit ground through a second switch 142. Switches 140 and 142 are, of course, transistor switches but are illustrated as mechanical switches for a better understanding of the operation. The switch 140 is normally closed and is opened by a positive or high output from the comparator 122 to permit the integration of the input signal current if such a signal exists at that instant. The true output of the flip-flop 126, X, opens the switch 142 which prevents the discharge of current from the current integrating capacitor 134. The integrating capacitor 134 is discharged by the closing of the transistor switch 142 when the output signal X drops to its low state. The output signal from the current integrator including the capacitor 134 is illustrated in FIG. 7 as the sequence, AA. Here, the waveform 153 corresponds to a singlet in the original sequence.
The current proportional to the absolute value of the signal, Z, is also applied to the identical integrator comprising the series diode 136, the shunting capacitor 138, input shunting switch 144, and discharge shunting switch 146. Switch 144, which is normally closed, is opened by a high output W from the comparator 124 and the discharge switch 146 is opened by a high false output of the flip-flop 126. The output signal from the current integrator comprising the capacitor 138 is illustrated in FIG. 7 as sequence BB. Here, the waveform 151 corresponds to a long interval of zeros in the original sequence. The signal AA from the current integrator is applied to the comparator 148 and the signal BB is applied to a second comparator 150. Each of the comparators receive a high voltage threshold signal having an amplitude of approximately 80% of the full area of a singlet after integrating, as indicated by the horizontal dashed lines in the sequences AA and BB of FIG. 7. The purpose for this very high threshold is to intentionally eliminate all output signals CC and DD from the comparators 148 and 150, respectively, that do not identify either singlets or long intervals.
Briefly reviewing the operation of the detector and referring to the waveform diagrams of FIG. 7, the equalized read signal sequence A is applied to comparators which eliminate any inherent noise in the signal by passing through only that part that exceeds a threshold of about 25% of the amplitude of an isolated singlet. The signals representing the positive and negative components of the sequence A are delayed to produce signals M and N, respectively. These signals are gated with a latch output signal, P, indicative of the sign of the previous singlet to identify the positions of doublets following the singlet. The gate outputs are applied to a one-shot 112 that is triggered by the pulses T derived directly from delayed doublet position locator signals B generated at the zero crossover points of the signal sequence A, and the output of the one-shot is the doublet detector output signal sequence U.
If a singlet, such as singlet 28 in sequence A, is attenuated or even completely missing, all following doublets would normally be incorrectly positioned by the next previous singlet. The doublet identifier circuitry therefore includes the long interval detector circuit which receives the equalized read signal A, delays it by two detents and then adds and subtracts the delayed signal to and from the signal A to respectively produce the sequences Z and D. It will be noted that most of the doublets are cancelled from the Z signal sequence and that the current signals of the absolute value of Z appear only in connection with singlets and with the long interval produced by the series of at least five zeros in sequence A. It is also important to note that the loss of the singlet 28 in sequence A will not affect the generation of the current integration pulse 151 in sequence BB which results in a double current integration of the absolute value of Z during two consecutive integration periods 154 in the waveform W without an intervening reset during the interval 156 of waveform V.
The signals CC and DD that respectively result from the high threshold applied to the comparators 148 and 150 are applied to the latch 98 of FIG. 4, the operation of which will now be described in conjunction with the previously explained waveforms S1, S2, P, CC, and DD and with a truth table as shown in FIG. 8.
The singlet output signal S1 is transformed into a one-detent long pulse by the one-shot 104 and then applied to the OR-gate 107 and the D.C. "set" terminal of the D flip-flop 102 to produce a high output as shown in the Q102 position #1 of the truth table. The output of the OR-gate 107 is driven high by the appearance of the S1 pulse and is applied to the reset terminal of the flip-flop 106 to produce a high output as shown at Q106. The outputs of each flip-flop are applied to the exclusive-OR gate 108 which, seeing two high inputs would normally produce a low output, but gate 108 has an inverted output and therefore produces a high output signal, P, as indicated in the truth table. This condition is illustrated in the signal sequences S1 and P of FIG. 8.
Following the switching of the signal P, resulting from the S1 pulse indicating a positive singlet, a DD pulse 152 is produced from the long interval discussed above. The DD pulse 152 is applied as a clocking pulse for the flip-flop 102 and transfers the high signal at its D input to the Q output which, as shown in the truth table, was previously high. Thus, in the example being described, the DD pulse 152 merely confirms the P output produced by the previous S1 pulse. Note that if the singlet that produced the S1 pulse were attenuated or lost from the equalized sequence A, the presence of the DD pulse 152 would operate to switch the P output signal to the same high state established by the singlet S1 signal pulse.
Having now identified and properly timed all singlets and doublets in an equalized read signal, we again refer to the block diagram of FIG. 1 and the accompanying waveforms of FIG. 5. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the singlet identifier signal, S, and the doublet identifier signal, U, are applied to the OR-gate 152, the output of which is applied to a phase locked oscillator 154, the output of which is a timing signal, EE, applied to the position detector 52. The phase locked oscillator 154 operates at twice the recording frequency, or twice that of the locator signals B or E, and is maintained at the correct output frequency and phase by both the S and U signals. The output signals, EE, are applied to the data separator or position detector 52 where the time space between leading edges of the signals, EE, defines windows corresponding to the detents in the sequence 22.
Position detector circuits are old and may be of the type and construction such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,931, issued April 6, 1982. The detector 52 may therefore include circuitry that accepts the singlet signals, S, and doublet signals, U, decodes the ternary values through appropriate gating circuits to convert the ternary values into those conventional binary values originally used in the recording circuitry to develop the ternary 3PM code, and then clock out the binary code from a parallel inputserial output shift register within the position detector.
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Most Dawson County voters can expect to cast their ballots at a new location next year.
Dawson County commissioners have made it clear they are not interested in collecting fees from pet owners.
Bids to build Dawson County's new courthouse and administration building have come in at nearly half the projected cost.
Political newcomers Calvin Byrd and James Grogan were elected to the Dawsonville City Council Tuesday night.
4 p.m. Thursday at city hall
Glenda Ferguson said she was surprised no one wanted to speak at a recent public hearing on plans to consolidate the county's voting precincts.
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A time-honored European tradition comes to Dawsonville Dec. 12 with the Inaugural Dawson County European Pheasant Shoot at the Whitmire Farm on Goldmine Road.
While a meeting between lawmakers from Georgia, Florida and Alabama did not end the tri-state water wars last Wednesday morning, U.S. Rep. Nathan Deal, R-Gainesville, said it was a start.
Consolidating Dawson County's eight polling locations will be the topic of discussion at a public hearing Friday morning.
In an effort to help offset costs at the Dawson County Humane Society, shelter volunteers have asked the county to consider charging pet owners a license fee.
With six candidates vying for two open seats, Dawsonville election officials aren't sure what to expect in the Nov. 3 City Council election.
Election officials on Monday decided to ask voters what they think about a plan to consolidate the county's polling places.
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A meeting Thursday will be the public's first of three opportunities to weigh in on a proposed increase to the county's millage rate.
Friday's Supreme Court ruling on same-sex marriage drew both jeers and cheers, and was followed by ministers across the state taking the issue to the pulpit on Sunday morning.
The public has one more chance to voice their concerns on a proposed county ordinance that, if approved, would hold parents accountable if they allow their kids to host drinking parties with their friends.
County commissioners are considering a proposed ordinance that, if approved, would hold parents accountable if they allow their kids to host drinking parties with their friends.
The city of Dawsonville approved a $4.1 million budget for fiscal year 2015-16 during its Monday special called meeting.
Rep. Kevin Tanner, R-Dawsonville, was recently named vice chairman of the House Motor Vehicle Committee.
The city of Dawsonville recently heard a presentation by the Georgia Mountains Regional Commission to turn a local cemetery into a historic area.
Sen. Steve Gooch was recently named one of three legislators of the year by the Georgia Chamber of Commerce.
Dawsonville Mayor James Grogan last week was elected to serve as vice chair for the Georgia Mountain Regional Commission.
Dawson County officials have been asked to support improvements at three busy intersections across the county.
The ongoing saga over animal control responsibility in the Dawsonville city limits may not be over yet.
A proposed ordinance that would hold parents accountable if they allow their kids to host drinking parties with their friends is set to go before the public for discussion.
City Clerk Bonnie Warne has a new feather to put into her proverbial hat.
Potential Dawsonville businesses may have to wait another few weeks to take advantage of an economic development grant being proposed by the city.
Three new principals have been named in the Dawson County School System, and will take their respective posts next school year.
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i bought this sub about six months ago to add to a factory radio i used the sony 604 amp this thing fits perfect in my regular cab 08 Silverado. it has good bass nothing that will make your teeth rattle but just the right amount. the only con is that i didn't buy two of the subs but going to soon and will get it here cause the price and ease of purchase couldn't have been better!
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Rolando Aarons had a great pre-season for Newcastle last summer and looked like a budding star, but then he picked up a hamstring injury in September and that hampered his season and he played only 6 times for Newcastle last season.
However, he appeared just once since he played on November 1st in the home game against Liverpool – which we won 1-0.
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Man ID'ed by Evansville police as rape suspect last week is in jail
EVANSVILLE - A 26-year-old man who was named as a suspect in an alleged rape last week was apprehended Monday.
Lenoard D. Martin, an Evansville resident, was arrested at an address in the 2500 block of Greenwich Square in Evansville and then booked into the Vanderburgh County Jail just after 5:30 p.m., according to jail records.
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The decision is in! The Supreme Court has ruled on the landmark Affordable Care Act case. Now what?
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The tax starts in 2018, but many employers are making changes to their health care plans now to avoid the tax in the future.
Slated to go into effect in 2018, the mere threat of the Cadillac Tax has already decreased the income of millions of American workers, according to the Towers Watson/NBGH report.
The Capital's misplaced focus on austerity has led to plenty of bad ideas, but one of the worst is raising the Medicare retirement age to 67. It may be the most destructive deal to come out of Washington since the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
WASHINGTON — The new health care law wasn't supposed to undercut employer plans that have provided most people in the U.S. with coverage for generat...
I'm actually a prime candidate for one of the key provisions being touted by the bill's supporters; the high risk pools that will be created in the next 90 days for people with pre-existing conditions.
The President is outlining what he considers a reasonable resolution of the two bills. Will it work? Consider this: The alternative is no legislation at all.
Zombie ideas -- like the Cadillac tax and trickle-down economics -- are hard to kill. If they sound good to you the first time you hear them, then you fall in love with them.
If, you believe the situation is precarious, that some kind of change of strategy is essential, and on the minor question of the substance, even a start at real health care reform is unlikely without a game-changer -- then the situation looks different. That's where I think we are.
here's now talk not only of increasing the Medicare payroll tax, but of expanding the tax so that it also applies to investment income.
Amid the wreckage of the health care debate, some rescue workers have been searching for small pieces that could be salvaged. On Tuesday, House Speake...
Passing the most popular parts of health care reform while ditching the rest, can give Democrats a "win" on health care without jamming controversial and unpopular elements down the throats of American voters.
WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama and congressional allies signaled Wednesday they may try to scale back his sweeping health care overhaul to ...
Aren't people who have participated in a failure supposed to look at their part in the problem, then step up and take responsibility for it? Watching the Democrats, those thoughts feel like relics from an archaic age.
The Senate already passed a health care plan though. We need to vocally and wholeheartedly support that bill without any changes.
On this Martin Luther King Day, the struggle to provide decent health care to all Americans isn't over. There's still time to fight for the most just, wise, and equitable bill possible.
The Senate bill taxes the old and sick stuck in high-cost plans to pay for health care reform. Defenders of the Senate's excise tax appear incapable of absorbing counterfactual information
If Congress and the White House are serious about creating effective reform, they need to pay more attention to how some of these proposals will play out in the actual arena of medical economics.
If the end product is an imperfect health care reform bill, one that takes too much from the middle class in order to help those even less fortunate, that won't be what some people wanted. But it will be be an improvement.
If the Washington Post will outsource financial reporting to an anti-spending conservative, why wouldn't they outsource their health reform reporting to ... insurance companies?
President Obama promised that there would be no middle class tax hikes on his watch. Apparently he's changed his mind.
The presidents of about a dozen labor unions will meet with President Barack Obama on Monday to push him to limit the scope of a proposed tax on high-...
President Barack Obama is planning to meet with union leaders in the next few days in order to address their opposition to a proposed tax on high-cost...
The so-called (and misnamed) "Cadillac tax" is unfair and unwise. It's also a political landmine for its supporters, and a political goldmine for those who oppose all health reform.
Some of the current bill's provisions are going to hurt the Democrats and will probably cost them seats unless they're removed. How can a smaller group of Democrats do what a bigger group could not?
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by Held, David
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The writings of the critical theorists caught the imagination of students and intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s. They became a key element in the formation and self-understanding of the New Left, and have been the subject of continuing controversy. Partly because of their rise to prominence during the political turmoil of the sixties, and partly because they draw on traditions rarely studied in the Anglo-American world, the works of these authors are often misunderstood.
In this book David Held provides a much-needed introduction to, and evaluation of, critical theory. He is concerned mainly with the thought of the Frankfurt schoolHorkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, in particularand with Habermas, one of Europe's leading contemporary thinkers. Several of the major themes considered are critical theory's relation to Marx's critique of the political economy, Freudian psychoanalysis, aesthetics, and the philosophy of history. There is also a discussion of critical theory's substantive contribution to the analysis of capitalism, culture, the family, and the individual, as well as its contribution to epistemology and methodology.
Held's book will be necessary reading for all concerned with understanding and evaluating one of the most influential intellectual movements of our time.
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Join us when novelists Mary F. Burns, Gayle Feyer, Michael Llewellyn, and Ciji Ware share their secrets of writing about such artists as Edgar Degas, John Singer Sargent, and architect Julia Morgan, as well as entirely fictional artists who lived during the same era of the exciting new art movements of the latter half of the 19th century and the very beginnings of the 20th century. They will discuss how to depict a visual medium with only words on a page and also, the challenges of writing about a real artist, whose creations are available to everyone online, in museums and in books, and thus completely open to comparison and critique. A book sale by Readers Books follows the event. Sponsored by the Historical Novel Society, Northern California Chapter.
Próximos Eventos
- First Lady Florence Harding
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You might find the terms of shell pearl and glass pearl on the article or jewelry catalog that you read, and you wonder what the differences of them and… 580 more words
Tags » Glass Pearl
Necklace with Hematite, Gold-Plated, and Glass Beads and with White Glass Pearls, Green Acrylic Flowers with Glass Centers, and an Enameled Shell Pendant
This piece was a bit of a challenge.
The basic idea was to use beads that picked up the blue, green and white of the shell. 259 more words
Necklace with Wood Squares, White and Gray Glass Pearls, and Enameled Shell Pendant
The contrast of gray and white beads is more subtle than the pink and burgundy in the last piece, but I like it with this finding, which includes gray tones along with the white of the front and the brown showing through from the back. 193 more words
Necklace with Wood Squares, Pink and Burgundy Glass Pearls, and White Feather Shell Pendant
I guess I must be feeling the need for warmth. This 27-inch necklace is made with "exotic" wood squares and 6 mm pink and burgundy glass pearls strung on braided gold color wire with a gold-plated lobster clasp. 50 more words
Necklace with Wood Squares, White Glass Pearls and Shell Pendant
We are well into a cold, snowy winter here in southern Maine. I have been feeling the need to make something simple, but hopefully eloquent. This 27-inch necklace is strung on a single length of braided gold color wire attached to a gold-plated springring clasp. 67 more words
DIY Up-cycled necklace
We all have that small collection of bits and bobs of jewellery that are too old to use but too sentimental to throw out.
The other week while I was clearing out my jewellery stash, I found some bracelets that I could not, for the life of me, bear to part with. 461 more words


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Findings from this study were presented at the 2010 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Anaheim, CA, June 2010.
Standard Article
Association between ABCB1 Genotype and Seizure Outcome in Collies with Epilepsy
Article first published online: 24 SEP 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01006.x
Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Volume 26, Issue 6, pages 1358–1364, November/December 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Muñana, K.R., Nettifee-Osborne, J.A., Bergman, R.L. and Mealey, K.L. (2012), Association between ABCB1 Genotype and Seizure Outcome in Collies with Epilepsy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26: 1358–1364. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01006.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 20 NOV 2012
- Article first published online: 24 SEP 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 15 AUG 2012
- Manuscript Revised: 13 JUN 2012
- Manuscript Received: 25 FEB 2012
Funded by
- Collie Health Foundation and North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- Antiepileptic drug;
- Canine;
- Drug resistance;
- P-glycoprotein
Medically refractory seizures are an important problem in both humans and dogs with epilepsy. Altered expression of ABCB1, the gene encoding for p-glycoprotein (PGP), has been proposed to play a role in drug-resistant epilepsy.
Heterogeneity of the ABCB1 gene is associated with seizure outcome in dogs with epilepsy.
Twenty-nine Collies with epilepsy being treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
Prospective and retrospective cohort study. Dogs were classified as having a good outcome (≤1 seizure/month, no cluster seizures) or a poor outcome (>1 seizure/month, with or without cluster seizures) based on owner-completed questionnaire. Serum AED concentrations were measured, and ABCB1 genotyping was performed on buccal tissue samples. Association analyses were performed for genotype and seizure outcome, number of AEDs administered, serum AED concentrations, and incidence of adverse effects.
Fourteen dogs of 29 (48%) were homozygous for the ABCB1-1∆ mutation (M/M), 11 dogs (38%) were heterozygous (M/N), and 4 dogs (14%) had the wild-type genotype (N/N). Dogs with the M/M genotype were significantly more likely to have fewer seizures and have less AED-related sedation than M/N or N/N dogs (P = .003 and P = .001, respectively). Serum phenobarbital and bromide concentrations did not differ between groups, but the M/N and N/N groups received a larger number of AEDs than the M/M group (P = .014).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
ABCB1 genotype is associated with seizure outcome in Collies with epilepsy. This cannot be attributed to differences in PGP function, but might be because of intrinsic variations in seizure severity among phenotypes.


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Date: 1878 ca.
Description: Family in yard with carriage with large stone house behind that has shutters closed. The house was built in 1845. Harmon J. Hill was the first supervisor o...
Date: 1865 ca.
Description: South Wisconsin Avenue and West Main Street. Lake Monona is in the background and the Lucius Fairchild and David Atwood houses are at the upper left. The r...
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Date: 1896
Description: View through open doorway, looking out towards Mrs. Lucius Fairchild and her granddaughter, Frances Bull, standing on a sidewalk. Original caption reads, "...
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Date: 1898 ca.
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Date: 1874 before
Description: Park Hotel.
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The HL10 LED Headlamp from Fenix is a sturdy dual-use headlamp that can convert into a mini flashlight. With three brightness levels and a 100º tilt mechanism this light can serve a multitude of hands-free functions from hiking and biking to reading. As a mini flashlight it stands upright for candle-style usage or can be linked to a keychain for convenience. It throws a 90º flood beam and its maximum output is 70 lumens. At low output level it has a maximum runtime of 27 hours. It weighs just 1.5 oz and easily attaches to its soft elastic cloth headband.
- Utilizes Cree XP-E LED with a lifespan of 50,000 hours
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- Uses one AAA (Ni-MH or Alkaline) battery


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Virtually noise-free Eco Whisper Turbine unveiled
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Article Summary
Brisbane's Renewable Energy Solutions Australia (RESA) recently unveiled the first working installation of what is claimed to be the world's quietest wind turbine. The Eco Whisper Turbine is capable of producing 20kW of electricity despite being about half the height and having half the blade diameter of more familiar three-bladed solutions, and is able to automatically adjust the position of the blades to maximize wind capture.
Read the full article: Virtually noise-free Eco Whisper Turbine unveiled
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Ed Sheeran insists he and Taylor Swift are just good friends
Has Taylor Swift rekindled her secret romance with Ed Sheeran? According to The Sun, the couple had a clandestine affair last March but decided to break things off, so that they could focus on their respective careers (both of which seem to be doing rather well, so perhaps it was a good move?) Since then, Taylro has been spotted dating Conor Kennedy (of the infamous US 'JFK' Kennedy dynasty), Harry Styles (of the infamous UK boy band One Direction) and was suggested to have been showing an interest in Brit golden boy Tom Odell.
Sheeran told The Sun "We're good friends," but other sources told the paper otherwise. "Taylor has always loved Ed to bits. He's just an adorably sweet guy who makes her laugh and feel really confident… Harry had that irresistible bad boy thing but Taylor has realised she would rather give it a go with a guy who can make her happy on a different level." According to the report, Ed Sheeran also sports a tattoo on his arm ,which is a tribute to Taylor's Red album. Now that's dedication for you.
Taylor Swift (L) and Ed Sheeran (R) rumoured to be rekindling a secret romance
Ed and Taylor reportedly spent the night together before this year's Brit awards and stayed up chatting until around 4am, with Ed spotted doing "the walk of shame" from the hotel the next day. Ed's previously remained coy about his chances with Taylor, telling The Sun last year "If you look at all the dudes she's dated, they're all tall, brown hair, brown eyes, very attractive and all the girls scream for them. I'm chubby, ginger with blue eyes." Genuine humility there, or is Ed trying to cover up a deeper connection between this unlikely couple?


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Monday 8:00 PM on USAIn Season
I'm shocked that they didn't bring out Cena to ruin the segment.
That was too long. It was decent.
I did and he got what he wanted. It was still too long though.
I can't be the only one who got Assassin's Creed looking at Taker's outfit.
Ha, you're right.
The Rock knows how to get a crowd going.
|telvisnostic wrote:
Otunga, the man who couldn't get heat from a stove.
Perhaps someone should tell him that getting 'juiced' up (which there's no way that body could be his) does not count as getting heat.
|SkinsFan2189 wrote:
|Rock's Concert > Cena's Rap I don't think The Rock's segment went too long at all. In fact, I would've been okay with it going even longer.
|lightning_kf wrote:
Rock's segment was too long. His segment was decent. He didn't have to go 20 minutes to say something that would have been fine in less than 10. It's not 1998.
John's was good because his was short and to the point.
This sums it up for me:
|Mike Johnson of PWinsider wrote:
|We opened with John Cena whipping out the old school Thuganomics look and demeanour for a "hip hop" set that pretty much was Cena freestyling off the top of his head ripping on Rock. Years ago, I actually was witness to Cena "battling" fans and he's great at pulling stuff out of nowhere, so I have no doubt this was all his material. The set was OK but Cena's attitude and intensity was off the charts, a stark reminder of what he could be if he wasn't playing "Shiny Happy Cena" all the time. For a PG show, at 9 PM, it was a racier segment than you'd expect but it was good. When it was done, you got the idea that Cena really wants to kick the hell out of the Rock. Thumbs up. While I don't know I'd want to see the hip hop stuff ever brought back again, I'd love to see that attitude brought back.
For people who liked the Rock segment more:
|Mike Johnson of PWinsider wrote:
|Then, we closed out with The Rock concert. As a segment, I loved it and thought it was extremely entertaining and funny. Rock's jabs at Cena's marriage and mom were great but it was something of a let down. Every week, it feels like one guy is out for blood and the other is out for jokes. This week, it was Rock out to make people laugh and while it was the best Rock promo on Raw since he returned, I didn't feel like this was going to increase anyone's interest in buying the PPV. If the material had been delivered by anyone else, it would have bombed. Johnson is just that good and off the charts as a performer. Once he ripped on Cena's wife, for Cena not to come out made him look bad. The closing sequence with Rock tripping over his words on a forced "We Will Rock You" takeoff was anti-climactic and flat. But, I appreciated the segment - I just didn't think it followed up on the intensity of the Cena promo and didn't seem designed to do anything but try and pop a nice overrun number.
|enervator wrote:
I think people have convinced themselves for so long that the answer to Cena's problems was bringing back the rapper gimmick that they might be overestimating what he did on Monday.
I see complaints all over the place about how immature the Rock's stuff was in this. And Cena's wasn't?
|Mike Johnson of PWinsider wrote:
|Every week, it feels like one guy is out for blood and the other is out for jokes. This week, it was Rock out to make people laugh ... I just didn't think it followed up on the intensity of the Cena promo and didn't seem designed to do anything but try and pop a nice overrun number.
I'd have to disagree. I'm pretty sure they were both out for jokes this week and, except for the empty arena promo, it is all Cena has been out for. Especially this week. Not really sure how making fun of Rock's "boobies," movies, and threatening to stick his nuts in his face is being out for blood and not jokes...
I also think Rock's segment needed to be that long after Cena was out there for like 3 minutes. It made him look better the more songs he was able to sing.
And I hate Cena's Thuganomics gimmick just as much as his Super-Cena one. The guy is a clown no matter what persona he has.
|Randyspeeps wrote:
|It appears that some people are bashing on the Rock because they see him as a threat to the current guys backstage. Cena is way more threatening. I tend to bash on Cena because he legitimately sucks at what he does. The Rock is known for his long entertaining promos. His concerts? They were never 5 or 10 minutes. His Rock N' Sock connection stuff were never 5 or 10 minutes. They went on and on and on, and he gets away with it, because he has the rare ability to keep the audience entertained for that long. He's had segments like the one on Monday for years. It was the norm. It's the Rock. This may not be 1998, but Monday sure felt like it, and for that I thank him.
As for him being a threat, that I don't see. What I see is a fella being in a high profile match much like Jericho after a long ass sabbatical.
|I've seen a lot of those immature reports too, and it's stupid. Cena's promo's are just as immature if not more. Let's not discount the garbage Cena has been spewing for the last year, or since his existence. If the Rock is immature, so is Cena. Difference is, Rock immaturity is amusing. Cena's comes off as dumb, and forced; which would explain his ten year old fan base.
I have yet to see those immature things. Mark Madden's thing was spot on though about his concert.
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X-Team: 2013 Long Island Marathon
The ExploreLI Street Team cheered runners at the finish line of the 41st annual Long Island Marathon in Eisenhower Park. Did they catch you on camera? (May 5, 2013)
10 secrets of Roosevelt Field mall Nathan's hot dog eating contest, more NYC weekend picks 15 things you need to buy for Shark Week 20 places to add to your travel bucket list Peek into Long Island's most lavish homes 16 great grilling recipes 29 cool cocktails to try this summer LI's dog parks: Where Fido can roam freely Hangin' in the Hamptons: July 2015 49 LI dogs you can adopt right now Your pet photos: Adorable dogs, cats and more Fourth of July sales going on this weekend


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Antibiotics given to infant mice may have long-term effects on the animals' metabolism and gut microbiota.
Top Science Scandals of 2011
December 19, 2011|
A list of this year's most high-profile retractions and controversies in science
December 19, 2011|
A list of this year's most high-profile retractions and controversies in science
December 19, 2011|
The Japanese Prime Minister brings a measure of closure to the accidents at the crippled nuclear power plant.
December 18, 2011|
Researchers use whole-genome sequencing to keep tabs on the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
December 16, 2011|
Scientists near the Fukushima plant are equipping wild monkeys with radiation collars to get better sense of their exposure in the wild.
December 15, 2011|
The decision comes after a committee found that the vast majority of research can be done without using chimpanzees.
December 13, 2011|
Researchers explain the luminous quality of yellow buttercups.
December 13, 2011|
The age at which BRCA carriers are diagnosed with breast cancer may depend on which parent contributed the mutation.
December 12, 2011|
A new mouse model of alcoholism better recapitulates behaviors seen in addicted humans.
December 9, 2011|
Some of the highlights from this year's American Society for Cell Biology meeting, held earlier this week
December 9, 2011|
The high court considers the legitimacy of a patent on the relationship between blood tests and patient health.


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7 Starwood Hotels
W London - Leicester Square
London, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 6
Mix it up in the heart of London's entertainment district, where dynamic décor, visionary extras and 24/7 energy amplify an iconic locale.
Le Méridien Piccadilly
London, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 6
In London's iconic West End, classic meets contemporary as our historic décor juxtaposes with our modern health club and meeting spaces.
The Park Tower Knightsbridge, a Luxury Collection Hotel, London
London, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 6
A stunning hotel in the middle of Knightsbridge only steps away from Hyde Park, Harrods, Harvey Nichols and the city's most stylish area.
Aloft London Excel
London, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 4
Work or play in London's exciting East End! Adjacent to the Excel Conference Centre, we're just minutes from the airport and Canary Wharf!
Sheraton Skyline Hotel London Heathrow
Hayes, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 3
Large, comfortable rooms are part of what make this hotel outstanding. Add exercise facilities and fine dining to complete the picture.
From GBP £179 per night Breakfast Package Find Available Dates
Sheraton Heathrow Hotel
West Drayton, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 3
Comfort, convenience and location all situated only minutes away from airline terminals, while Royal Windsor is waiting to be explored.
The Park Lane Hotel, London
London, England, United Kingdom
SPG Category 5
Feel connected to the heart of London. Knightsbridge and Bond street shopping, and London's West End are only short walk away.
*Currency data provided by XE, a third party currency conversion provider, using live mid-market rates. This information is offered for informational purposes only, and does not reflect the rate you will pay to the hotel or the currency in which such payment will be made.
Distance is a straight line from the center of your search and does not reflect driving distance.
BASIC ROOM RATE DOES NOT INCLUDE ADDITIONAL PER ROOM, PER NIGHT CHARGES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED OR STATE/LOCAL TAXES. Per room, per night, rates are displayed based on selected occupancy. A limited number of rooms may be available at this rate. Posted rate is the average lowest daily rate for the dates chosen in search; this rate is available at time of search and may change.