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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 1/18/13
The Atlanta Braves avoided arbitration with five players Friday, including outfielder Jason Heyward and starting pitcher Kris Medlen. Heyward agreed to a one-year deal worth $3.65 million after batting .269 with 27 homers, 82 RBIs and 21 stolen bases last season. Medlen settled for a $2.6 million contract, coming off a season in which he became the team's most dominant starter. He finished 10-1 with a 1.57 ERA and got the nod in the wild-card playoff against the St. Louis Cardinals. Also agreeing to one-year deals were relievers Eric O'Flaherty ($4.32 million), Jonny Venters ($1.625 million) and Cristhian Martinez ($749,750). The Braves failed to reach a deal with Martin Prado by the arbitration deadline. He is asking for $7.05 million, while the team countered with an offer of $6.65 million.
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30 year old woman | Washington, DC, USA | Seeking men 25-35 within 50 miles
I want little more than to laugh and travel.
I'm a full-time law student who loves traveling, living abroad, and laughing. I am pretty easy-going and can have a good time just about anywhere I go, even if it's not really my scene. I just moved back to DC after spending a year abroad for school. Right now, I'm just busy finishing up the last semester of law school and figuring out what the next step will be. I'm looking for a guy that is smart, funny, and driven, but who doesn't take himself or life too seriously. I'm not necessarily looking for the love of my life right now, but you don't really get to choose when you meet the person that fits you, so who knows. I'm a confident woman who knows who I am and what I want, even if I'm not always sure how to make it happen. If you're a man that is intimidated by a strong and independent woman, then I am not for you.
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Travel/Sightseeing
Aerobics, Cycling, Dancing, Running, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs, Horses
I like all animals but am SUPER allergic to cats. My family has had dogs since I was in middle school but only one is still with us at the moment. I grew up riding horses competitively but don't ride anymore because I can't really find the time.
Middle of the Road
Who I'm with is more important generally than where we go, but standard options are going out for or making dinner, going to a bar, or catching a movie or concert. Went to a music/interactive art show a few weeks ago that was different and quite fun
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'2" (157cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark blonde
|No preference
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|No preference
I am a full-time law student for another 2 months!! Then, apparently, I will probably be a lawyer...
|I'll tell you later
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|No preference
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Secular, Atheist/Agnostic
|English, Spanish
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree
I'm currently finishing law school and also have an MA in Forensic Psychology and an LLM in Public International Law.

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2 dead after shooting at officer's home
Police say an off-duty police officer has shot and killed his son as the man fatally stabbed his mother at their Md. home.
Join the discussion
PoliceOne top 5
- 1 10 secrets cops know that most people don't
- 2 Video: Ariz. shootout injures two cops, kills suspect
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- 5 Former LA cop involved in OIS shares lessons on deadly force


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1934 Cadillac Fisher Bodied Town Sedan Series 355D Body by Fisher 1 of Only 2,729 Produced 353 cid Flathead V-8 Original Jaeger Gauges Rare Full Size Dual Wheels W/... More
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Intel STS 2011 Highlight Video
Go behind the scenes with participants at Intel STS
Go behind the scenes with participants at Intel STS
Educators and students share how the Intel® processor-based Chromebook* enhances education.
Education leaders discuss a new cost-effective technology-based platform for teaching and learning.
Raquel Redshirt uses everyday materials to build solar ovens, fulfilling Navajo community needs.
Student ambassadors and teams discuss plans to explore local barriers to education for girls.
Kids learn and become passionate about science and math through hands-on activities.
Inspire and prepare girls for college and tech jobs with coding and computer-based projects.


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At Penn Station, seizing a chance to right a wrongtags: Penn Station, revitalization
...For decades public officials and countless city skeptics have insisted nothing can be done. Penn Station is a black hole of politics, they say. The owners of Madison Square Garden, which squats on top of the station preventing real improvement, would never budge, especially not with the millions of dollars in tax breaks they've been getting or the nearly $1 billion they have poured into the aging arena.
But there are precedents for achieving the impossible.
The Kings Cross area of London, where the St. Pancras and Kings Cross railway stations converge, was a crime-ridden nexus of seemingly intractable poverty, filth and despair going back generations. But through a creative mix of public and private investments — in which the refurbishments of the stations themselves were vital — the area has changed beyond recognition. The two stations have been become major attractions for locals and tourists who don't even use the trains: they dine and shop there. New housing and an arts university have moved nearby. Google has chosen to locate its European headquarters at Kings Cross because of the stations (which include the London terminus of the Channel tunnel service to the Continent). What had been a drag on the London economy has become a boon to local property values and a Europe-wide emblem of innovation....
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- The Memorial Where Slavery Is Real
- Thomas Piketty accuses Germany of forgetting history as it lectures Greece
- Greek 'No' May Have Its Roots in Heroic Myths and Real Resistance
- 150 years later, schools are still a battlefield for interpreting Civil War
- Where are America's memorials to pain of slavery, black resistance?
- Historian: "I don't want my students to simply choose sides in a polemic between heritage and hate"
- Harvard's Nancy Cott says the conservatives in the gay marriage case have a stilted idea of the history of marriage
- Did a historian who said he's a victim of McCarthyism get the story wrong?
- Stephanie Coontz's work on the history of marriage cited by the Supreme Court.
- How Does It Feel To Have One's Work as a Historian Cited by the Supreme Court? Cool. Very Cool. Thank You Very Much.


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REGISTRATION and ORIENTATION
Now that you have been accepted, you'll want to pay your Enrollment Confirmation Fee as soon as possible. You can do that online by paying through your MyNKU portal.
Registration and Orientation is your next step in successfully transitioning to NKU. All new incoming students are required to attend orientation.
Northern Exposure is a required TWO-PART process. You MUST ATTEND BOTH a Registration Program (1-day advising and registration program) and Orientation (August 13th - 15th) in order to fulfill the mandatory orientation requirement.
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During each orientation experience, students will have the chance to meet with faculty and staff from your respective college or school, new classmates, and current students. Students will also learn about the campus resources available to enhance their success from their first semester to graduation.


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Greetings from Norway! Check out some Norwegian Melodic Metal www.polepositionofficial.com
Hi Nikky... Big controversy in Jersey about pumping your own gas.. But Jersey girls don't!
Hi Radio Nikki-, thanks for the add! How are things? Wishing you & yours a great 2015!
Looking forward to the new show!! Hit me up if I can help in anyway or for an interview.
Good Luck With Your New Show! It's going to be GREAT!
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- $20 Superpack: (The New) Feminist Power Superpack! by Super Pack!
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Style Watch PollIs This Look a Hit or Miss?
Check out recent style triumphs and trip – ups by the stars – then rate the looks yourself! By Melissa Liebling-Goldberg
Credit: Devan/INF
Updated: Friday Sep 21, 2007 | 11:05 AM EDT
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- Heather Dubrow Tries Out Her Mansion-Building Skills on Cookies!
- Texas Couple Claims Truck Defaced with 'KKK' Graffiti After Black Friend Visits


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Bill O'Reilly has already made his books Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln into a best-selling franchise, but this time he's going for Jesus.
Sometimes not even celebrities can get a Hollywood ending when it comes to romance. Check out some of the shortest celebrity marriages that didn't even make it a year.


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Meet Your One Man Army
My name is derek allard. I help businesses and organizations make smart decisions and do more with their website. How can I help you?
IBS's new website is modern, mobile-friendly and already producing results.
I spoke last week with Thom Fox of The Engine radio show about entrepreneurship and my upcoming small business workshop at MSBDC
How the Google algorithm change will impact search results and your website
I weigh in on the discussion based on what I've seen with my clients
+ Client Collaboration = Project Success
Hey, I love your work and you know your stuff. Let's keep in touch! - Me putting words in your mouth


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Find out what happened when sixteen young people from Hackney visited Northern Ireland for a week.
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Come to the Young Hackney Volunteers Induction Day to and hear about our current opportunities. You choose what you want to do and when... everything from events co-ordination to working outdoors, befriending the elderly to working as an IT assistant.
We have drop-in sessions taking place on the following days, where you can be inducted and placed onto one (or more) of our activities provided:
at The Levy Centre, 18-24 Lower Clapton Road, London, E5 0PD
If you wish to attend the induction, please send an email to email@example.com including your Name, age, contact number and the day you will attend.


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Get patriotic with a stars 'n' stripes sleepover
Painfully shy around guys? Here's how to bust outta your shell
This 11 year-old girls amazing diss to her cheating boyfriend went viral
Exclusive: Get ready for the Fourth of July with the cast of Best Friends Whenever
Feel Good Friday: These 2-year-old fashionistas are our new style icons
Turn heads with these adorb DIY American flag shorts
This fruit offers some *serious* skin benefits
The hidden reasons you should read more this summer
Have you ever been bullied? Share your story to help other girls!
GL + Disney take a look at the Teen Beach 2 premiere
More Friends = More Fun
GL Tweets !
11 HOURS AGO Babysitting this weekend? Check our checklist: http://t.co/wq5VpNG146 pic.twitter.com/0vdbBC3b50
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Those look really good! I am def going to make these.
by sprinklecookie on 2/16/2013 1:45:29 PM
these look really good i'm going to have to try them!!!!!!!!!!!!!! love strawberries and cream so I hope I like this dish!
by hardwoodqueen on 2/15/2013 10:59:36 AM
That Works. FAB!
by pollymolly on 2/5/2013 11:22:43 PM
by Lady Grey on 1/27/2013 8:03:53 PM
by AwesomeAmber on 1/20/2013 4:58:10 AM
Yummy gonna make this with my dad or my aunt because they cook and bake really well.
by hgrules on 1/18/2013 11:05:50 PM
by redvelvetluv on 1/14/2013 4:12:44 PM
THIS LOOKS SO YUMMY I wish I had some vanilla extract or whatever that is...
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Win it: Visit all your favorite villains in The Isle of the Lost!
Ever wonder what happened to all of your excellently evil Disney faves? Enter for a chance to check out the new generation of bad guys (and girls) in The Isle of the Lost, a prequel to Disney Channel's Descendants!
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The Best BB Creams for Your Buck


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Center City Will Soon Be Home To Uptown Beer Garden, A Brand-New Beer Garden On JFK Boulevard: http://t.co/S5DLFD6XOp http://t.co/KO37ewnIRX
Starting July 1, the Bearded Ladies Cabaret brings a brand-new show to the PHS Pop-Up Gardens http://t.co/pCLa3TsY4m http://t.co/FTgYOcAdAI
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February 22, 2013
Posted by Kyle Harty
Posted on February 22, 2013 | Kyle Harty
Filed in:
Dining, Weekend
Uwishunu has caught a case of Oscar Fever. With all the buzz around Silver Linings Playbook and its eight oscar nominations this Sunday, we couldn't help but get caught up in it all. We've rounded up our top picks for Oscar Viewing parties on Sunday; we've put together a Silver Linings-themed itinerary of Philadelphia; and […]


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Celebrity Breakups 2013: Couples Who've Called It Quits This Year (PHOTOS)
Thirteen was an especially unlucky number for these celebrity couples, who have all called it quits this year. From Liam Hemsworth and Miley Cyrus ;to Khloe Kardashian and Lamar Odom, the following high-profile twosomes have parted ways for a variety of reasons — from the age-old Hollywood excuse of busy schedules to the no-good-very-bad one of infidelity. Even the seemingly-immortal Ian Somerhalder and Nina Dobrev are not immune!
Click on for a 2013 breakup roundup. Kleenex and a pint of ice cream are recommended.
12.28.2013 / 07:01 AM EDT by Wetpaint Staff
Related: News, Celebrity Breakups, Celebrity Relationships, Celebrity Weddings & Engagements, Dancing With The Stars, Features, Harry Styles, Ian Somerhalder and Nina Dobrev, Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth, Nina Dobrev, Real Housewives of New York, Taylor Swift, The Bachelor Pad, The Kardashians, The Vampire Diaries
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Celebrity Breakups 2013: Couples Who've Called It Quits This Year (PHOTOS)
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Internet security for kids: less parental control, more communication(Read article summary)
Internet security for kids tends to mean parental control over websites. A new study says that parental control and restricting access aren't constructive. Kids needn't be sheltered, but allowed to explore with parental support and communication.
Christian Science Monitor
As a society, weŌĆÖve been talking about youth online risk for years, but weŌĆÖve only just begun to talk about young peopleŌĆÖs resilience, which is what helps them keep risk from turning into harm. ItŌĆÖs important to know, as the authors of an┬Āimportant new report note, that resilience ŌĆō the ability to deal with negative experiences without being upset by them ŌĆō doesnŌĆÖt come from avoiding risk, online or offline.
ŌĆ£Risk and resilience go hand in hand, as resilience can only develop through exposure to risks or stressful events. Consequently, as children learn how to adequately cope with (online) adversities, they develop (online) resilience,ŌĆØ write Leen dŌĆÖHaenens, Sofie Vandoninck and Ver├│nica Donoso of EU Kids Online in the UK.
Here are some things parents and educators need to know about resilience:
- What it enables: ŌĆ£Resilient children are able to tackle adverse situations in a problem-focused way, and to transfer negative emotions into positive (or neutral) feelings,ŌĆØ the authors write.
- Gender differences: Boys were less resilient at a younger age, girls were less resilient as teenagers.
- Online and offline inseparable: ŌĆ£Children with more psychological problems suffer more from online as well as offline risksŌĆØ (resonant with findings of a just-released study in the US, published in the journal Pediatrics, about maltreatment's amplifying effect on a child's online vulnerability).┬Ā
- Most popular coping strategy┬Ā(but resilient kids usually use more than one): ŌĆ£Talking to somebody is the most popular employed strategy, regardless of the type of risk, especially among girls and younger children who tend to employ this communicative strategy more often.ŌĆØ The authors recommend encouraging ŌĆ£open communication, both at home and at school.ŌĆØ
- Other education needed: Teach children effective coping strategies, including blocking and abuse-reporting tools, but especially social-emotional literacy (I added the latter, based on other research and the authorsŌĆÖ advice that ŌĆ£special attention to children with low self-efficacy and psychological difficulties ŌĆ" is crucial.ŌĆØ
- ItŌĆÖs not either/or, but a spectrum: ŌĆ£Being resilient is not a simple ŌĆśyes or noŌĆÖ question, and ŌĆ" would rather be understood as a continuum from very low to very high resilience.ŌĆØ Over all, ŌĆ£girls, younger children, children with more psychological problems, those receiving more support from their friends, children whose parents mediated their internet use and children whose parents were low internet users were less resilient.ŌĆØ
- ParentsŌĆÖ own tech use a significant factor: Promoting Net use by parents ŌĆ£is crucial, as parents who are frequent internet users themselves feel more confident with the medium, and also feel more confident in guiding their children ŌĆ" promoting a positive attitude toward online safety and proactive coping strategies.ŌĆØ
- Mediation better than restriction: In terms of parenting style, the authors write that ŌĆ£monitoring or mediating approaches seem to be more beneficial for childrenŌĆÖs online resilience than restrictive ones.ŌĆØ They add that more research is needed for different types of risks and on social practices of young people.
- Taking away the Net doesnŌĆÖt help: ItŌĆÖs related to a passive or fatalistic approach that doesnŌĆÖt build self-confidence or -efficacy online, the researchers found. ŌĆ£Going offline was related to missing out on online opportunities, and the problem could easily re-occur because the cause had not been tackled.ŌĆØ
- Educators key too: Teachers are needed to ŌĆ£stimulate their pupils to resort to proactive problem-solving strategies,ŌĆØ so ŌĆ£sufficient digital skills among the teachers themselves are therefore essential.ŌĆØ
Zooming in on young peopleŌĆÖs top coping strategy: ŌĆ£Talking with somebodyŌĆØ was the most popular one regardless of the problem encountered,ŌĆØ according to the report. In the case of bullying, 77% of the victims talked to someone after an incident; 53% ŌĆ£did so after seeing disturbing sexual content.ŌĆØ But they often use several strategies at once ŌĆō for example, ŌĆ£deleting unwelcome messages [41%] and blocking the sender [46%]ŌĆØ in cases of bullying and 38% and 40%, respectively, in cases of sexting. Did that help? Yes, the authors found, 92% of young people who reported deleting unwelcome sexual content and 78% of those who blocked the sender in bullying cases said those strategies helped.
ItŌĆÖs great to see research turning up substantive evidence of young peopleŌĆÖs resourcefulness as well as resilience online. Remember that this research is based on surveys of more than 25,000 youth in 25 countries.
The Christian Science Monitor has assembled a diverse group of the best family and parenting bloggers out there. Our contributing and guest bloggers are not employed or directed by the Monitor, and the views expressed are the bloggers' own, as is responsibility for the content of their blogs. Anne Collier blogs at┬ĀNetFamilyNews.


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Santa's Guide to Easy Christmas Crafts for Kids
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Tiered Christmas Tree Ornament
By: Mandy Court for MaKC Creations
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Get out the scrapbook paper and create fun and easy Christmas tree ornaments with your kids. This easy kids Christmas crafts requires just a few simple materials to get started and the result is a lovely three tiered Christmas tree to hang in a window or on your tree.
- Scrapbook paper
- Glue stick
- Pony beads
- Ribbon
- Glitter Glue
- Glitter Pens or Markers
- Paperclips
- Cut three circles (small, medium, large) from your scrap book paper using the circle template.
- Cut out of each circle the quarter section as marked
- Add additional decoration as desired on each circle using glitter glue or glitter pens. Let dry.
- Using the glue stick, glue along on straight edge.
- Pull the other straight edge to over lap the glue making a cone. Place a paperclip along the glued edge to hold in place until the glue dries.
- Cut a piece of ribbon about 10" long. Fold in half. Tie a pony bead on to the loose end (the pony bead is to keep the cones from sliding off the ribbon or out of place). Thread the ribbon through the hole in the top of the largest cone (if the hole is too small make a small cut so the ribbon will thread through.
- Tie another pony bead about 1" above the large cone. Thread the ribbon through the whole of the medium cone.
- Tie another pony bead on about 1" above the medium cone and thread on the smallest cone.
- Optional. Cut slits in the lower edge of each cone and curl the slitted paper upwards using a pencil.
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Corporate and M&A was very active throughout 2014, with private equity playing a key role in deal activity. Roschier and Hannes Snellman worked on Microsoft's acquisition of Nokia, which was the largest M&A transaction in the market in 2014. On the real estate and construction front, wind power and nuclear power plant construction is keeping firms busy.
Elsewhere, arbitration is gaining favour over straight litigation for resolving disputes. Finland's Market Court, which hears competition and public procurement cases, has established a specialist intellectual property court to hear all IP-related civil disputes, including domain name cases.
Juridia Bützow Ltd, Attorneys-at-Law merged with the Eversheds network to become JB Eversheds.
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Court ruling on the Finnish CFC legislationThe Finnish CFC legislation implies that a Finnish company may be subject to income tax for its share of the profit of a CFC regardless of whether these profits are distributed by the CFC to its shareholders or not. A CFC is defined as a foreign corporation owned and controlled by a Finnish tax resident that pays income tax in its domicile at a rate less than 60% of the Finnish corporate income tax rate.
Cross-border merger case to ECJThe Finnish Supreme Administrative Court decided on 7 March 2011 (KHO 2011:21) to request for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) concerning the question whether a Finnish parent company may deduct the final tax losses of its Swedish subsidiary after a cross-border merger.
The European Commission proposes a system of common consolidated corporate tax baseThe European Commission presented on 16 March 2011 a proposal that calls for a common system for calculating the tax base of business operating in the EU. At the moment, a company active within the whole EU can be forced to comply with up to 27 different national tax systems. The new Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) seeks to reduce the administrative burden, compliance costs and legal uncertainties by creating a "one-stop-shop" system where the profits and losses across the EU could be consolidated.
Owner's obligations at acceptance inspection clarified by the Helsinki Appellate CourtBy its decision 18 February 2011 (S09/3055) the Helsinki Appellate Court confirmed that an owner is entitled to rely on the quality assurance of a well-known construction company at an acceptance inspection. The court held that the owner is entitled to demand rectification of construction defects and to claim damages for deficiencies discovered during the guarantee period.
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Stephen Baker Demonstrates Expertise on Panel at Global Anti-Corruption ConferenceStephen Baker, senior partner at Baker & Partners, was invited as a panelist to the International Bar Association (IBA)'s Annual Anti-Corruption conference, Paris, exploring how assets can be located, preserved and recovered in corruption cases.
HaoLiWen resolved complicated customs classification cases for clientsHaoLiWen recently has helped clients to resolve several customs classification (HS code) cases, and the clients benefits a lot in terms of import duties saves or avoidance of administrative or even criminal penalties.
Minimizing fraud risks: how senior executives can protect themselves from corporate fraudThe participants of a workshop on fraud risks among senior management have discussed reasons of corporate fraud, potentially fraud-conducive environments and ways to fight it.
Danos & Associates Establishes Office in UkraineDanos & Associates has recently established a new office in Kiev, Ukraine. We are proud of our cooperation with Lex-Liga law firm. Lex-Liga is one of the leading law firms in Ukraine. The firm offers full services in all areas of law and is based in Kiev. Lex-Liga's lawyers and staff are highly experienced and professional.
Official translation of ACI EUROPE's Airport Competition in Europe report published in RussiaThe first translation of the report Airport Competition in Europe commissioned by Airports Council International Europe (ACI EUROPE) has been officially published in Russia. The translation was initiated by the Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsia) and was carried out by VEGAS LEX law firm and the First Infrastructure Company InfraONE.
The Russian Constitutional Court sides with Pepeliaev Group's and Zapolyarneft's lawyersOn 2 June 2015, the Russian Constitutional Court announced its resolution concerning the claim of OOO Zapolyarneft stating that environmental charges imposed on this company were disproportionate. One of the rules of the Russian Forestry Code and the Russian Government's resolution based on it were recognised as inconsistent with the Constitution.
Karanovic & Nikolic Celebrates Twenty Years of Legal ServiceIn the elegant atmosphere of Jugoslovenska Kinoteka in Belgrade, Karanović & Nikolić hosted a celebratoin marking two decades of business operations.
Don't Go for BrokeAll the evidence indicates that the authorities no longer view mortgage brokers as the middle man, free from all blame. As a result, brokers are increasingly finding themselves in the dock along with people who made the fraudulent mortgage applications that aroused the interest of investigators.
VILAF names new Chairperson and Ho Chi Minh City Office Managing Partner23 June 2015, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
GSK gehört erneut zu den Top-Steuerkanzleien 2015 im Bereich Umwandlung, Umstrukturierung und M&ADas Magazin FOCUS hat in seiner aktuellen Spezialausgabe wieder eine Liste der führenden Steuerkanzleien in Deutschland veröffentlicht. GSK Stockmann + Kollegen wurde dabei erneut im Bereich "Umwandlung, Umstrukturierung und M&A" als Top-Steuerkanzlei ausgezeichnet und erhielt das damit verbundene FOCUS-Siegel "Top-Steuerkanzlei 2015".


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Triangle Pizza Rocker Knife in Black
35.56cm Size
45.72cm Size
Triangle Pizza Rocker Knife in Black
Weights & Dimensions
35.56cm Size
45.72cm Size
Additional Weights & Dimensions
|Item: Choppers
|Primary Use: Pizza
|Operation: Hand Held
|Material: Plastic; Stainless Steel
|Handle Material: Plastic
|Colour: Black
About the ManufacturerTriangle make high grade kitchen utensils in Solingen, Germany, and are the preferred choice of not only professional chefs but also of modern households. They produce indispensible tools for cutting, peeling, garnishing, decorating and performing all manner of other tasks. Triangle's philosophy is for consistent innovation and a functional approach to design.
Triangle Pizza Rocker Knife in Black
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JVM is platform independent/dependent? why?
which one is faster in execution Array List or Array? why?
- Jun 26th, 2015
Java is platform independent, JVM is not. It is unique for every OS.
- Mar 6th, 2012
JVM is Platform dependent bcoz if JVM is not loaded in the platform then we cant run program. For every platform need to upload JVM
java is dependent on JVM not on OS
How can we write our own arraylist without using collections?
- Jun 26th, 2015
"java package collections; import java.util.Arrays; public class MyArray { private Object[] myStore; private int actSize = 0; public MyArray(){ myStore = new Ob...
- Mar 21st, 2015
@kalyankarri The questions says without an Arraylist
Why java is not 100% object oriented language??
i have not ..asked in TCS interview ..if any one have plz answer me on firstname.lastname@example.com
Nagara jEdiger
- May 21st, 2015
Java is not 100% oop because of primitive value like int,char....
- May 21st, 2015
Java is not a 100% opp because of primitive value like int,cha....means int,cha ...all these are not object bt we can make it object by using wrapper class ex: int i=10 int it is primitive ......Integer Obj=new Integer(10); it is object
Can we serialize the static variable?
Vipul Tare
- Apr 20th, 2015
No. The static variables belong to the class are not the part of the state of the object so they are not saved as the part of serialized object.
- Dec 1st, 2014
You are saying that transient and static fields are not serialized. For every variable which does not want to participate in serialization then we can declare it as static right. What is the use of transient then?
What is the difference between java and core java
- Apr 10th, 2015
Java means ordinary language...but core java is useful to know the overall features and apps of the java language...i think so...
- Mar 6th, 2012
Core java is a part of java
What is the difference b/w 2d array and hashmap?Where we have to use this?Explain ?
Thanks in advance
- Apr 9th, 2015
Array is fixed size and it has doesnt fixed data structure so there is no ready-mate methods for operating we write the explicitly write code burden for the programmer. Advantage: performance wise i...
- Dec 26th, 2014
2d array is fixed in size ,hashmap size is not fixed 2d array rep.set of elements a[][],hashmap is (key,value) pair in 2d searching is slow ,it visits each n every element ,searchng is based on key ...
How many JVM could be run on an operating system. if only one then what is the logical reason.
utkarsh singhal
- Mar 6th, 2015
You can run any number of JVMs on a machine unless and until your machine can provide required resources like RAM to run JVM.
Similarly, you can install any number of JDKs on your machine.
- Feb 28th, 2015
JVM is a OS level process, If we observe Chrome browser - How many tabs you open those many processes will be created by the operating system. In the same way JRE is also designed to run multiple proc...
Can we declare main() as final?
- Mar 3rd, 2015
There is no axception occure while using final with main method.........
Indrajeet Kumar Singh
- Sep 12th, 2013
Yes, We can But we need to follow the order of specifier.
Why do we need interface in Java. Instead of interface we can write the methods in the class itself. Why do we need seperate interface?
- Feb 28th, 2015
To get the hierarchy of classes that I might need later.
We donât want the user to know what functionality it offers other than some important We also dont want user to use reflection to exploit functionalities
- Feb 6th, 2015
For late binding purpose. to design a method so that a part of functionality has to be mentioned by end user(implementing class)
Output of Java Program
What is the output of the following program?class A{ public static void main(String[] s) { System.out.println(s[1] + s[2] + s[3]);}}java A 12345Options(i) 1(ii) 12(iii)1234(iv)234(v) Compilation ErrorRead Best Answer
Editorial / Best Answerabuthahir.d
- Member Since Jan-2008 | Apr 14th, 2008
Khadar , i tried this code . it gives that exception
for the foll reason :
when u give a CLA(command line argument) , it will be inserted in the index 0 of the array and then will proceed to 1 ,2 ....
so as per the question , "12345" will be at s[0] . and length of that aray will be 1when u try to access s[1] , we are trying for 2nd element which is unavailable.....
Hope this answers u :-)
- Jan 29th, 2015
That's right. Onlty ArrayIndexOutofBoundsException will come, as silly mistake is there in the code.
- Jan 24th, 2015
None of the above options, As the there will be ArrayIndexOutofBoundException.
What is the use of interface in realtime java project ?
- Jan 2nd, 2015
By Using Interface Useful contract between two applications like client and server
- May 28th, 2014
Using Interface ,we can easily share the Data between applications,bcause interface has by default public and abstract methods,so any body can implement that methods must and should.And Interface supp...
What is the difference between a CallableStatement and PreparedStatement?
- Dec 27th, 2014
Callable stmt is used to call stored procedure,prepared stmts executes sql queries.
satyendra kumar
- Dec 2nd, 2014
Prepared statement available in java.sql package and its extends statement but callable statement is available in java.sql package and its extends prepared statement ....
Why abstract class is not create the object?
- Dec 26th, 2014
Abstract class is used for hiding,only variable and methods definition is done.
How switch from new tab to old tab ?
How switch from new tab to old tab and is this possible to use Applet and Swings in selenium?
Why java does not support Multiple Inheritance?Why java is not pure Object Oriented?
- Dec 1st, 2014
The Reason here is.... In our class (Class C) if I write super inside the constructor it needs to go to immediate super class(B). If my class C extends two classes( B and A), and in my class if i writ...
- Oct 15th, 2014
If Java supports multiple inheritance then compiler will get confuse which override method will called,because it may be case same methods are using in different different classes . {geshibot langua...
Is java a fully object oriented programming or not? if not why?Read Best Answer
Editorial / Best AnswerKanikaKG
- Member Since Jul-2008 | Aug 3rd, 2008
No. Java is not 100 % Pure OOP because of following three reasons:
1) It doesnot support Multiple inheritance.
2) It allows use of primitive data types which are not an objects.
3) It allows static methods to call without creating the instance.
This disobeys OOPs conceptsÂ
Java isnt 100% pure OOPS coz if it were then everything should be classes and objects, whereas java still has primitive data type which violates the above said statement...SmallTalk is the only 100% pure OOPS language
- Aug 5th, 2014
Actually you are said that java cant create objects for integer,float....
but according to autoboxing concept we can create object for that value
Integer i=new Integer(1000); //autoboxing
we can use this reference to get "i" value...
- Jul 8th, 2013
Java is not a fully Object Oriented Language because in OOB all the things should be done by Object only but in JAVA we are failing to do that(To be frank intentionally they did that)......For example...
Generating ppt through java
I am trying to generate ppt through Java using Apache POI API. I am able to create table, bulleted text etc using this API. Please answer the following two questions, if anyone is aware of this. 1. How to split text across two slides, if the row had to be broken across 2 slides because the row is so big that it can only be accommodated in 2 slide ? 2. How to re-size table cell , if the text...
- Jul 28th, 2014
A list of few more Java interview questions like
1. By default, Java is pass by reference or pass by value. How does it handle?
2. In which scenario, you will use custom exceptions in Java.
3. How does garbage collection work in Java
- Nov 8th, 2013
Try this Java Library, i hope it will solve your problem:
Why Map is not include in Collection in Java?
Means, Map is a pert of Collection framework but not included in Collection....only List, Set and Queue are included ....Why?
siddhi parkar
- Jul 1st, 2014
Map in an either interface or class it only stores or maps key to the object.although its not a collection its fully integrated with collection in terms of collection-view of map.
What is MVC architectureRead Best Answer
Editorial / Best Answer
Answered by: Mitchel K
- Jun 27th, 2005
A design pattern describes a proven solution to a recurring design problem, placing particular emphasis on the context and forces surrounding the problem, and the consequences and impact of the solution.
There are many good reasons to use design patterns. Here are three:
1) They are proven. You tap the experience, knowledge and insights of developers who have used these patterns successfully in their own work.
2) They are reusable. When a problem recurs, you don't have to invent a new solution; you follow the pattern and adapt it as necessary.
3) They are expressive. Design patterns provide a common vocabulary of solutions, which you can use to express larger solutions succinctly.
The goal of the MVC design pattern is to separate the application object (model) from the way it is represented to the user (view) from the way in which the user controls it (controller).
The MVC architecture has the following benefits:
1) Multiple views using the same model: The separation of model and view allows multiple views to use the same enterprise model. Consequently, an enterprise application's model components are easier to implement, test, and maintain, since all access to the model goes through these components.
2) Easier support for new types of clients: To support a new type of client, you simply write a view and controller for it and wire them into the existing enterprise model.
3) Clarity of design: By glancing at the model's public method list, it should be easy to understand how to control the model's behavior. When designing the application, this trait makes the entire program easier to implement and maintain.
4) Efficient modularity: of the design allows any of the components to be swapped in and out as the user or programmer desires - even the model! Changes to one aspect of the program aren't coupled to other aspects, eliminating many nasty debugging situations. Also, development of the various components can progress in parallel, once the interface between the components is clearly defined.
5) Ease of growth: Controllers and views can grow as the model grows; and older versions of the views and controllers can still be used as long as a common interface is maintained.
6) Distributable: With a couple of proxies one can easily distribute any MVC application by only altering the startup method of the application.
Anil Nivargi
- Jun 26th, 2014
The MVC consists of three kinds of Objects i.e Model,View and Controller. Lets start explaining one by one. 1) Model- It handles data processing and database works part. Model processes event...
- Nov 23rd, 2010
Mvc architecture says that in an event that contains buttons, textboxs and panels or checkboxs..... the operation that changes this state is mvc-> clearly m-->model say button., view-->button...
Core Java Interview Questions


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A revised Peugeot 508 is on the way and we know exactly how it will look thanks to this leaked image
The new Peugeot 308 hatch takes on the SEAT Leon and Mazda 3
A new three-door version of the Peugeot 2008 is under consideration. Exclusive pics show how the 2008 RX could look
Special edition Peugeot 208 Style is now on sale, featuring extra kit including a panoramic sunroof
Limited edition gets RCZ R-inspired looks and lots of extra equipment, only 300 examples will be made
Can the latest Peugeot Boxer bob and weave its way to the top of the large panel van class? We get behind the wheel to find out.
Peugeot's new 108 city car goes on sale at the start of July 2014, with more trim levels, personalisation options and a cabrio variant
Can the Ford Fiesta PowerShift better the Toyota Yaris Hybrid and the Peugeot 208 automatics?
Influence of Chinese market means next Peugeot 3008 will look more like an SUV than a crossover
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text: Submitted by Orvis Fly Fishing on Thu, 2015-06-18 06:22 View on Orvis.com Tip of the week Techniques Tandem nymph rig in deeper holes, dry dropper rig or dry emerger rig in shallow water at C&R. Try midges in varying sizes and colors, caddis pupa, mysis shrimp, scuds, and san juan worms. Sight fish to feeding fish and avoid fishing to fish that are not active. Adjust your depth, size, and color regularly depending on the water depth and the depth at which the trout are feeding. A longer leader of 12 feet is best for this gin-clear tailwater section. Seven-day forecast Flows from Taylor dam are up to 1,030 cfs. This increase in flow will open up more holding water for trout along the banks throughout the entire Taylor. Use cation while wading. Midges, BWO's, and caddis are hatching throughout the day, keep both a tandem nymph rig and a dry-emerger rig on deck to adjust quickly with the hatches. Call the fly shop for the most up to date reports. 888-761-FISH Conditions Must Have Flies Rojo Midge Red 18-24 Buy from Orvis.com Bead Head Brassie Red 18-24 Buy from Orvis.com La Fontaine Sparkle Pupa Green 16-20 Buy from Orvis.com Birchell's Hatching Midge Brown 20-24 Buy from Orvis.com Willowfly Anglers


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Casa Santiago
from £45 /night help Price for guests, Nights
1 review
from £45 /night help Price for guests, Nights
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
Apartment / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 4
Availability Your dates are available
Apartment / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 4
|Key Info
This luxury apartment is located amongst the cobbled stone alleyways of the quaint Old Harbour that is only 20 metres away . The many resturants and bars are within a minutes' walking distance .The scenic Atlantic Ocean is only 50 metres away from the apartment ,where the sunsets are spectacular . El Cotillo is an ideal getaway ,stress free and relaxing , white sand and blue green lagoons are just a short stroll from the apartment ,which is fully equipped.The roof terrace is a great place to watch the dramatic sunsets and the ocean view is beautiful and is equipped with sunbeds.
|Sleeps up to 4, 2 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|Playa Lagos 250 m
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car advised
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Fuerteventura 35 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Internet access, DVD player, Sea view
|TV, CD player, Satellite TV
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|2 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms
|Double beds (1), Single beds (2), Dining seats for 4, Lounge seats for 4
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Balcony or terrace
|Parking, Not suitable for wheelchair users
|Further details indoors
Bath with shower attatchment.
short stairway to apartment.
Fully equipped kitchen , for self catering.
Free Satellite Sky TV
Spanish digital ,some programmes can be changed into English
Broadband access in apartment
|Further details outdoors
The roof terrace has the facility of a clothes horse/maiden/airer
The sun beds are on the large roof terrace which offers panoramic views 0ver the coast and village.
Wi -fi available in the area also an Internet cafe.
|Further details
A Security Deposit of 100 euro to give to Management on collection 0f keys ,on arrival date,will be refunded after holiday ,if no breakages.
Weekly/Monthly Rents
Linen/Towels provided
Towels and Linen provided.
The Canary Islands region
Fuerteventura is the second largest island of the famous canary islands , approx 50 miles from the coast of Northern Africa.
The white sandy beaches and crystal clear waters of the Atlantic Ocean are the best of all the Canary Islands.
The weather is blessed with plenty of sun throughout the year,around 3000 hours.
The island is famous for all the different water sports in particular the wind surfing world championship are held there every year.
There are three major tourist areas on Fuerteventura ,Corralejo in the north,Caleta de Fuste on the east coast,not far from the airport and Jandia in the south.
Corralejo is twelve miles from El Cotillo on the west coast and is an expanding resort that has a waterpark and markets , for the tourists, one a craft market .
El Cotillo
El Cotillo is a fishing village where fishermen still go out daily in their boats and catch fresh fish that they supply to the local restaurants.
Walking a short distance will bring you to the beautiful lagoons and beaches that surround the area.The Playa Castillo is mainly a water sports,kite surfing,surfing and wind surfing beach and is about 2 kms long .There are many wild and secluded beaches that are in walking distance ,truely spectacular and peaceful.
Its a perfect destination for a stress free ,quiet and tranquil holiday,a gettaway from it all place in the sun.
The beaches are safe and child friendly .
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Vestal News
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'Nana' could out-silly her grandkids
Wednesday Jun 17 | Press & Sun-Bulletin | Comment?
Vestal Town Supervisor Running For Second Term
Wednesday Jun 17 | WIBX-AM Whitesboro | Comment?
New home for Vestal rehab, nursing center opens
Thursday Jun 11 | Press & Sun-Bulletin | Comment?
Hotel coming to former Plaza Diner spot
Historic war planes touch down in Binghamton
Vestal fatal fire's cause ruled 'undetermined'
17 Stars Who Got Divorced From Their Parents As Teens
Same Sex Marriage: It's Officially Legal
Legislation 358
How Should the US Government Respond to ISIS?
Vestal sets the pace for Binghamton-Elmira Area school districts
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Nearly 300 step out to cure scleroderma
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Flo has come quite a long way since her 2004 debut. She's grown a nose, adjusted her hairline, lost the pencil — but deep down inside she's still the same business ex-banker turned small business owner who launched the hottest food service simulation since Tapper.
Tomorrow Flo and PlayFirst launch Diner Dash Rush, a new mobile game for iOS. It features the same core gameplay that made the series such a big hit, with fresh features like timed rounds, weekly leaderboards and a "Happy Hour" bonus round, complete with disco lights.
Diner Dash Rush will be available for free on iTunes tomorrow. Loving the new look, Flo.


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Q Squared NYC Debuts Melamine Scented Candles
Monday April 14th, 2014 - 11:43AM
These are shortcuts to your favorite social networking and bookmark sites. Add this story to your Facebook page, del.icio.us, DiggIt, and many others!
Q Squared NYC, a New York-based tabletop company, is expanding into home fragrance with the introduction of its Bijou Candles. It will debut three new candle collections— Natural, Floral and Holiday— at its Forty One Madison showroom during the New York Tabletop Market, held April 22 to 25.
In addition to the carefully curated fragrances, the candle container— made of melamine— will be a first in the market, according to the company.
"We inspire our customers to dine and entertain with ease and beauty," said CEO Nancy Mosny. "The natural extension for Q Squared is to carry this attitude into other rooms of the home. Our Bijou Candles bring this grace into living rooms, bedrooms and bathrooms with luxurious fragrances in elegant containers."
The vessel also boasts reusability, transforming into an everyday bowl after the wax burns through. Each collection will feature an eight-ounce "Bijou" candle and 1.5-ounce "Petit Bijou" candle, with a suggested retail of $32 and $10 respectively.
The Natural collection features three scents in leaf-encrusted garden bowls: French Lavender, a soothing combination of French lavender and rosemary in a white vessel; Blue Bamboo, a relaxing scent filled with hyacinth, blue bamboo and sparkling citrus in a blue vessel; and Meyer Mint, an energizing blend of mandarin, mint leaves and eucalyptus in a sage green vessel.
Floral features three scents in containers designed to resemble a blossoming gerbera daisy: Spring Lilac, a delicate blend of lilac blossoms and carnations in a white vessel; Pink Bellini, a tantalizing blend of pink peony and magnolia with citrus bitters and vanilla musk in a pale pink vessel; and Rose & Currant, a seductive blend of black currant, cassis and rosewood in a dusty rose vessel.
Holiday features three scents in containers "designed to capture the magic of the holiday season," according to the company. In this collection, Maple Apple Butter's scent is a nostalgic blend of dark amber maple syrup, tart green apple and sugar glaze in a white vessel; Winter Pine is a crisp blend of majestic blue pine, ylang ylang and winterberry in a forest green vessel; and Mulled Wine is a warming blend of mandarin orange with cinnamon, nutmeg and anise in a dark red vessel.
The Natural and Floral candles will be available July 15. The Holiday collection will be available September 1.
Tags: Q Squared NYC • melamine • candles • home decor • tabletop • Forty One Madison • New York Tabletop Market • New York Tabletop Show • trade shows • home fragrance • holiday • Housewares • Home Décor • Tabletop • Trade Shows •
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What do the following have in common? Air cleaners. Juicers. Humidifiers. Rice cookers. Bath scales. Water filters. Kitchen scales. Home Spa. Grain Mills. What might seem to some as disparate housewares products have come together in the HomeWorld Business Health & Wellness Report.


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Childhood Cranial Radiation Therapy May Increase Obesity Risk in Adults
Among all of the possible factors that may contribute to obesity, one that is seldom discussed (and most people are largely unaware of) is surviving cancer.
While this is increasingly being appreciated in adults, data on childhood cancer survivors is rather sparse.
Thus, a study by Carmen Wilson and colleagues, published in Cancer, which follows the development of obesity in individuals treated for cancer as kids is of particular interest.
The study looks at 1996 cancer survivors who previously received treatment for cancer at a large Children's Research Hospital, who survived ≥10 years from diagnosis (median age at diagnosis, 7.2 years; median age at follow-up, 32.4 years).
Interestingly, 47% of survivors, who received cranial radiation therapy developed obesity compared to only 30% of those who did not.
This risk was greatest in those who also received glucocorticoids or were the youngest at the time of treatment.
The researchers also found a significant modifying effect of genetic markers, some of which are known to be involved in neural growth, repair and connectivity.
Thus, this study shows that survivors of childhood cancer appear to be prone to developing obesity as adults particularly if they were treated with cranial radiation therapy and/or corticosteroids.
Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk and should consider measures to prevent excess weight gain in individuals with a history of childhood cancer.
Edmonton, AB
Wilson CL, Liu W, Yang JJ, Kang G, Ojha RP, Neale GA, Srivastava DK, Gurney JG, Hudson MM, Robison LL, & Ness KK (2015). Genetic and clinical factors associated with obesity among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Cancer PMID: 25963547
Post-Weight Loss Fat Gain in US Rangers
And finally, to conclude this week's discussion of evidence to support the notion that weight cycling predicts weight (fat) gain especially in normal weight individuals, I turn back to the paper by Dulloo and colleagues published in Obesity Reviews, which quotes these interesting findings in US Rangers:
"…U.S. Army Ranger School where about 12% of weight loss was observed following 8–9 weeks of training in a multi-stressor environment that includes energy deficit. Nindl et al. reported that at week 5 in the post-training recovery phase, body weight had overshot by 5 kg, reflected primarily in large gains in fat mass, and that all the 10 subjects in that study had higher fat mass than before weight lost. Similarly, in another 8 weeks of U.S. Army Ranger training course that consisted of four repeated cycles of restricted energy intake and refeeding, Friedl et al. showed that more weight was regained than was lost after 5 weeks of recovery following training cessation, with substantial fat overshooting (∼4 kg on average) representing an absolute increase of 40% in body fat compared with pre-training levels. From the data obtained in a parallel group of subjects, they showed that hyperphagia peaked at ∼4 weeks post-training, thereby suggesting that hyperphagia was likely persisting over the last week of refeeding, during which body fat had already exceeded baseline levels."
Obviously, association (even in a prospective cohort) does not prove causality or, for that matter, provide insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying this observation.
All we can conclude, is that these observations in US Rangers (and the other studies cited in Dulloo's article) are consistent with the notion that weight loss in normal weight individuals can be followed by significant weight gain, often overshooting initial weight.
Incidentally, these findings are also consistent with observational studies in women recovering from anorexia nervosa, famine, cancer survivors and other situations resulting in significant weight loss in normal weight individuals.
Certainly enough evidence to consider a work of caution against "recreational" weight loss, especially in individuals of normal weight.
Edmonton, AB
Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Montani JP, & Schutz Y (2015). How dieting makes the lean fatter: from a perspective of body composition autoregulation through adipostats and proteinstats awaiting discovery. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 16 Suppl 1, 25-35 PMID: 25614201
Are Weight-Cycling Elite Athletes Predisposed To Weight Gain?
My recent reading of the paper by Dulloo and colleagues on post-dieting weight gain in non-obese individuals, reminded me of my clinical observation that a surprisingly large proportion of patients I see in our bariatric clinic report a history of competitive sports.
When I have previously discussed this observation with colleagues, the answer I often get is that this weight gain is simply due to the fact that active athletes are used to eating a lot, which they continue to do after their activity levels decline, thus resulting in weight gain – a theory, I don't quite buy largely because it appears far too simplistic (and I have yet to see any evidence to support it).
Rather, if the phenomenon of weight-cycling induced weight gain is real, one would assume that not all athletes are at risk, but rather that this phenomenon would be limited to athletes in disciplines where weight cycling (e.g. to meet certain weight criteria), often referred to as "weight cutting", is part of the culture of that sport. Examples of such sports include wrestling, boxing, and weight lifting.
It turns out that this very issue has been studied by Saarni and colleagues, who, in a paper published in the International Journal of Obesity, report their findings on a large national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965.
This cohort included 370 men engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers) and 834 matched control men with no background in athletics.
Over the 20+ years of follow-up, the weight-cycling gained a whooping 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight (at around age 60) conpared to only 3.3 BMI units in non-weight-cycling athletes or just 4.4. BMI units in the non-athletic controls.
Indeed, weight-cycling athletes were about three times as likely to develop obesity (defined as a BMI > 30), than their non-weight cycling colleagues or controls.
This enhanced risk of developing obesity in weight-cycling athletes remained significant even after correction for a number of potential confounders including health habits (smoking, alcohol use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years.
While this paper does not prove causality, or for that matter, provide any insights into possible biological mechanisms that would promote weight gain, it is certainly consistent with the hypothesis that repeated cycles of weight loss and regain in people who start out with a normal weight (in this case elite athletes) strongly predicts subsequent weight gain and the development of obesity.
Or, as the authors put it,
"The weight cycling behavior of the former athletes engaged in power sports at a young age resembles that of young dieters who lose weight temporarily and soon regain it. The present observations concerning the enhanced weight gain of these athletes raise the concern that the repeated cycles of weight loss and regain caused by dieting at a young age could similarly affect weight in the long term."
Edmonton, AB
Saarni SE, Rissanen A, Sarna S, Koskenvuo M, & Kaprio J (2006). Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage. International journal of obesity (2005), 30 (11), 1639-44 PMID: 16568134
Did Dieting Make You Fat? Blame Your 'Proteinstat'
Yesterday, I posted on the intriguing finding (now documented in 15 prospective studies) that dieting can make you fat – especially if you start out with a normal weight.
In the paper by Dulloo and colleagues published in Obesity Reviews, the authors attribute part of this effect to the so far elusive "proteinstat" – a system, similar but different from the "adipostat" – that is designed to protect your lean body mass.
As the paper nicely delineates, the problem with post-dieting weight regain is that the fat comes back first but that the drive to eat does not cease till you have also regained the lost lean body mass (muscle).
It appears as though there are two complimentary biological systems that regulate weight regain.
The better known system is the "adipostat" that worries about protecting and restoring fat mass – the neuroendocrine players include leptin and perhaps other signals derived from fat tissue that signal fat stores to the brain. This system works (primarily through dropping metabolic rate but also through effects on appetite) to very quickly and effectively restore the depleted fat mass after dieting.
The less known system is the "proteinstat", that apparenty worries about restoring lean body mass. The system works slower than the "adipostat" but continues its activity (often reaching its peak) even after all the lost fat has been regained and you are back to your original weight. In fact, it continuous working (primarily through appetite and cravings) till lean body mass is restored, even if this means gaining even more fat in the process.
In their careful reanalysis of starvation studies, Dulloo and colleagues also come up with an explanation why this process of "weight overshoot" results in more gain the skinnier the individual is to begin with.
"…the lower the initial adiposity, the greater the proportion of energy mobilized as body protein (referred to as P-ratio) during weight loss. The steep part of the negative exponential curve lies between 8–20% body fat, and a shift from the upper to the lower values in this range, generally considered to reflect a 'normal'range of adiposity for men living in affluent societies, results in 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the P-ratio; the latter constitutes a proxy of the fraction of weight that is lost as FFM since protein belongs to the FFM compartment. This extremely high sensitivity of the P-ratio with regard to the initial body composition emphasizes the critical importance of even small differences in the initial percentage body fat in dictating the individual's energy-partitioning characteristic and, hence, the pattern of lean and fat tissue deposition during weight loss and subsequent
weight regain, in turn, determining the extent of fat overshooting."
In other words, lean dieters are far more susceptible to mobilising energy (and thus losing mass) from their muscle than from their fat stores, resulting in a much greater likelihood of overshooting their original weight.
Eventually, as these dieters get fatter with every diet cycle, they get less and less susceptible to this effect, which matches well with the finding that dieting is a far better predictor of long-term weight gain in people with lower fat percentages than in those who already have overweight or obesity).
As for exactly how the "proteinstat" works, much remains unclear. Early work focussed on the notion that certain amino acids may serve as signals of protein stores, however, now work is focussing on the far more plausible theory that some of the over 100 molecules now known to be secreted by skeletal muscle (myokines) may play a role in this system.
Certainly a topic that will be interesting to watch develop over the coming years.
Calgary, AB
Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Montani JP, & Schutz Y (2015). How dieting makes the lean fatter: from a perspective of body composition autoregulation through adipostats and proteinstats awaiting discovery. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 16 Suppl 1, 25-35 PMID: 25614201
Will Dieting Make You Fatter? Only If You Are Skinny!
At the recent European Congress on Obesity, I had the occasion for a long chat with my friend and colleague Abdul Dulloo, from Friburg in Switzerland, who has worked extensively on the issue of weight regain.
I asked him how much evidence there is to support the common notion that losing weight makes you fatter – something many dieters claim to have experienced.
Indeed, both in animals and humans, weight loss, as a rule, is followed by a more rapid regain of body fat than lean body mass (i.e. preferential catch-up fat) than of lean body mass, as a result of which body composition post-weight regain results in a greater proportion of fat mass than before. But does this increased "fatness" persist over time?
This is where Dulloo made me aware of a recent paper he published in Obesity Reviews that examines this question.
What his analysis of prospective studies on this issue revealed is that paradoxically, people within a the normal weight range appear much more prone to weight gain over time with dieting than people who already have overweight or obesity.
Indeed as he points out,
"…it is dieting to lose weight in people who are in the healthy normal range of body weight, rather than in those who are overweight or obese, that most strongly and consistently predict future weight gain."
The reasons for this rather unexpected finding are unclear and some have argued that repeated dieting to lose weight in normalweight people may represents unsuccessful attempts to counter genetic and familial predispositions to obesity – these people are genetically prone to weight gain, which is why they are dieting in the first place. Thus, rather than a causal relationship, the association between dieting and subsequent weight gain is just what would have happened to them anyway.
Others have argued that the metabolic effects resulting from the psychological "fear of fatness" (which prompts dieting) per se may increase the risk for weight gain hence a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic.
However, as Dulloo and colleagues discuss at length, based on their reanalysis of a wide range of human studies of weight loss and refeeding on body composition data on fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) losses and regains, there is increasing support for the biological plausibility that dieting predisposes lean individuals (rather than those with overweight or obesity) to regaining more body fat than what had been lost (i.e. fat overshooting).
Overall the findings suggest that perhaps the reason why lean people regain fat faster is because their feedback signals in response to the depletion of both fat mass (i.e. adipostats) and fat-free mass (i.e. proteinstats), through the modulation of energy intake and adaptive thermogenesis, are more effective than in individuals with overweight or obesity, thus resulting in a faster rate of fat recovery relative to recovery of lean tissue (i.e. preferential catch-up fat).
In fact, it appears that lean people overshoot in terms of weight gain because the state of hyperphagia (in response to weight loss) appears to persist well beyond complete recovery of fat mass and interestingly until fat free mass is fully recovered (which may take months during which time fat gain continues).
Thus, it appears that in lean individuals "fat overshooting" following a diet is a prerequisite to allow complete recovery of fat-free mass (in obese individuals this may be less of an issue as recovery of fat-free mass is stimulated simply by the need to carry around a greater body weight).
Thus, it is easy to understand why repeated dieting and weight cycling would increase the risks for trajectories from leanness to fatness particularly in people who have a normal weight to begin with.
These findings have important public health implications and for promoting a "fear of fat".
As Dulloo notes,
"Given the increasing prevalence of dieting in normal-weight female and male among young adults, adolescents and even children who perceive themselves as too fat (due to media, family and societal pressures), together with the high prevalence of dieting for optimizing performance among athletes in weight-sensitive sports, the notion that dieting and weight cycling may be predisposing a substantial proportion of the population to weight gain and obesity deserves greater scientific scrutiny."
Indeed, I wonder how much of the obesity epidemic is directly attributable to normal weight people trying to lose weight for no good reason other than to look better.
Edmonton, AB
Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Montani JP, & Schutz Y (2015). How dieting makes the lean fatter: from a perspective of body composition autoregulation through adipostats and proteinstats awaiting discovery. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 16 Suppl 1, 25-35 PMID: 25614201


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Sunday, February 24, 2008
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
ATLANTA - Dr. Ed Evans says he's still in business in Gwinnett County today because the General Assembly enacted tort reform three years ago.Without limits on medical malpractice lawsuits, the Lawrenceville ob-gyn says he would have closed up shop by now, putting three other obstetricians and four nurse practitioners out of work and leaving his patients in the lurch. While that crisis-in-waiting has gone away, it's been replaced by another. He says six straight years of inadequate state reimbursements for health care provided to Medicaid patients are threatening to drive his practice under. "When we say we're getting to the breaking point, this isn't crying wolf," Evans said last week. "If we can't run the business, pay our employees and keep the lights on ... we've got to cut our losses." It's not just Evans and other physicians who are complaining they can't continue to absorb below-cost Medicaid reimbursements indefinitely. Hospital administrators across Georgia say they're also feeling the pinch of reimbursements that have dropped since the last increase in 2002 to 84 cents on the dollar. This year, health-care providers have gotten a new ally in the business community. The Georgia Chamber of Commerce is a key member of a statewide coalition that has formed to push the state's political leaders for an increase in Medicaid funding. "Nobody can stay in business long providing services at less than cost, and that's what's happening in Georgia," chamber President George Israel told members of a House budget subcommittee last week. Effects far-reaching Kevin Bloye, spokesman for the Georgia Hospital Association, said the impacts of inadequate reimbursements extend far beyond Georgia's 1.3 million Medicaid enrollees. He said that when doctors and hospitals aren't paid what it costs them to serve Medicaid patients, they must try to make up those losses from paying patients. The resulting increase in the costs of health care drives up the insurance premiums paid by businesses and their employees. "It is a hidden tax on everyone," Bloye said. "You're paying more and more out of your pocket for health insurance." One way doctors cope with inadequate reimbursements is to reduce the number of Medicaid patients they treat or even stop taking them altogether. But that just passes on the costs to hospitals, which by law must treat every patient who walks into an emergency room, whether they can afford to pay, are enrolled in Medicaid or have no insurance. That drain particularly hurts rural hospitals, many of which are perpetually on financial thin ice. David Askew, CEO of Calhoun Memorial Hospital in Arlington, said his facility spent $750,000 last year on indigent care but only got back about 200,000 in reimbursements. That balance between black and red ink can't continue for long if the 25-bed "critical-access" hospital is to stay in business, he said. Askew said losing the hospital would be a big blow to efforts to provide preventive health care in Calhoun, Early and Baker counties. "The majority of people we serve are unable to go on a regular basis to a larger facility out of town, especially the elderly," he said. "We do a lot of community-based programs here. Preventive care would be nonexistent." The years of complaints doctors and hospital administrators have fired at state health officials about the low reimbursements apparently have begun to pay off. Gov. Sonny Perdue is proposing to use some of the $70 million the state has saved in the last year through his Medicaid managed-care initiative and closer monitoring of enrollees' eligibility to increase reimbursements for doctors, hospitals and home health care providers. Low ranking The additional money could only help in a state like Georgia, which was ranked 40th in Medicaid spending per enrollee in 2004, the most recent year figures were available. "It's a unique situation for us, but we are asking for support of the governor's budget," Bloye said. "It's not the magic bullet. But it is a significant first step." Thus far, legislative budget writers have been receptive to the governor's recommendation. "We're required to fund (Medicaid)," said Senate President Pro Tempore Eric Johnson, R-Savannah. "The good news is we really have slowed the growth ... We're now checking people's income and legal status and managing their care." Doctors and hospital administrators say they're concerned that even if they do get the increase the governor is requesting, it will end up in the hands of the three managed-care companies now overseeing Georgia's Medicaid program. Rep. Mickey Channell, R-Greensboro, chairman of the House subcommittee in charge of health spending, said he's working on budget language that would require the companies to pass those funds along to the providers. Bloye said the coalition GHA is helping to spearhead this year has as its ultimate goal the full restoration of Medicaid reimbursements to cover 100 percent of the costs of care by fiscal 2011. "The more Medicaid ... pays, the less others will need to pay at the end of the day," said Philip Wolfe, president and CEO of Gwinnett Medical Center in Lawrenceville. There's always the concern that once the General Assembly steps up with more money for doctors and hospitals in the '09 budget, lawmakers may feel they've done their jobs and be reluctant to approve further increases. Bloye said the coalition is working hard to prevent that mind-set from taking root. "We have made it a point since the very beginning to say we appreciate any help we can get this year," he said. "But this is a long-term plan. We're going to need more bites at the apple." SideBar: At a glance Georgia ranked 40th in Medicaid spending per enrollee in 2004. State - Medicaid payments per enrollee 1. Maine - $7,586 2. New York - $7,500 3. Connecticut -$7,233 4. Rhode Island -$7,044 5. Alaska - $6,992 6. Massachusetts -$6,584 7. New Jersey -$5,957 8. North Dakota -$5,938 9. Minnesota - $5,927 10. New Hampshire - $5,865 11. Ohio - $5,691 12. Maryland - $5,500 13. Iowa - $5,431 14. Pennsylvania - $5,202 15. Kansas - $5,157 16. Delaware - $4,777 17. Kentucky - $4,600 18. South Dakota -$4,562 19. Wyoming - $4,543 20. West Virginia -$4,515 21. Montana -$4,511 22. North Carolina -$4,486 23. Nebraska -$4,485 24. Wisconsin -$4,424 25. Idaho - $4,418 26. Vermont - $4,401 27. Indiana - $4,321 28. Colorado - $4,118 29. New Mexico -$4,117 30. Virginia - $4,114 31. Florida - $4,053 32. Missouri - $3,997 33. Hawaii - $3,809 34. Illinois - $3,784 35. Michigan - $3,724 36. Mississippi -$3,682 37. Louisiana - $3,529 38. Oregon - $3,511 39. Washington -$3,465 40. Georgia - $3,426 41. Oklahoma - $3,391 42. Texas - $3,365 43. Arkansas - $3,321 44. Tennessee - $3,283 45. Alabama - $3,282 46. South Carolina -$3,111 47. Utah - $3,108 48. Nevada - $3,070 49. Arizona - $2,772 50. California - $2,538 Nation - $4,202 Source: Kaiser Foundation
More like this story
- State looking to boost payments to doctors ( August 10, 2007 )
- Health agency wants money increase for patients, providers ( August 24, 2007 )
- Governor enters hospital regulation debate ( February 23, 2007 )
- Medicaid managed care coming to Georgia ( April 27, 2006 )
- Medicaid managed care under fire at 1-year mark ( August 26, 2007 )


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reviews for:
"Australians and New Zealanders both claim Pavlova and this recipe is so easy it feels like cheating! I first had it when a friend brought it to our final dress rehearsal and begged her for the recipe! It is especially striking when the fruits and berries are in season. Personally, I like to add coconut for the crunch, but it's NOT sweetened coconut it's unsweetened, in big flakes, and I get it from the fruit and nut guy at our commissary. It's a real crowd pleaser and the best thing about it is you can make it a day ahead. Just allow the meringue to fully cool and cover lightly with plastic wrap. Top with whipped cream and fruit just prior to serving."
My Profile
Cooks I Like
Cooking Level: Intermediate
Pile it into a tomato half, load it into a wrap, or spread it on bread. Chicken salad does it all.
Broccoli salad makes a great side dish or a light main dish on a warm night.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Crisp meringue layer topped with whipped cream and fresh fruit.
Watch Chef John make a beautiful strawberry dessert from Down Under.
What's cooking in Hagerstown? Cindy's ultimate summer dessert, peach cobbler.


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City News
6/25/15- 2015 July 4 Trash Pick-Up Notice... (more)
6/22/15- The City is accepting applications for the position of Water Operator... (more)
6/9/15- The City is accepting sealed bids for the 2015 asphalt preservation projects... (more)
6/5/15- Comments wanted for public workshop on updating sign code... (more)
6/4/15- Citizens can help eliminate the nuisance of mosquitoes... (more)
5/21/15- City offices closed Monday, Tuesday, and possibly Wednesday, May 25-27... (more)
5/15/15- The City of Brush's warning siren will be tested, Saturday, May 16 at noon.
5/13/15- Press Release: Brush! Honored as Small Community of 2014... (more)


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Teva Presents: The Naturist
Some call The Naturist http://www.teva.com/naturist (Gavin McInnes) an outdoor expert. We at Teva completely agree... Gavin is an expert at what not to do while outdoors. Fortunately, he has one thing going for him. We equipped him in the new Teva Riva with features like an aggressive lug design and a waterproof and breathable membrane, The Naturist can be sure that even when everything goes wrong, his feet will still be comfortable and protected by the Riva.
To find out more about The Naturist, Gavin McInnes, and the Riva, check out: http://www.teva.com/naturist
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