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The Society for Post-Medieval Post- Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 Editor: Dr Chris King E-mail: email@example.com School of Archaeology and Ancient History, Website: www.spma.org.uk University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH ISSN 1357-8340 Second Series EDITORIAL PRESIDENT'S PIECE Welcome to the first edition of your 'new and improved' Society The Society's Council has met three times since our last Newsletter, Newsletter. After a considerable amount of planning, production of twice in London and once in Edinburgh, as always with (the usual) the Newsletter has been handed over to Maney Publishing as part of full agendas. I can report that our agreement with Maney, the Leeds- the new agreement, and we are pleased that this has enabled us to based publisher of our Journal, has been renewed and expanded. make significant changes to the format. The A4 size will allow us to This will maintain our robust publications schedule, now to include expand our coverage, and the full-colour design will finally do justice this new-format Newsletter, and Maney will also administer mail- to our reports of Society activities and other news items. ings, membership administration and subscriptions. Rest assured that these latter will, of course, be subject to data protection legisla- In this edition we have a full report on the large and successful 'Fe09: tion. While there will inevitably be a few individual glitches during Footprints of Industry' conference, hosted by the Ironbridge Gorge the handover process, we expect these to be rapidly ironed out. Museum Trust in June. The conference provided excellent opportu- Council has also separately contracted Maney (through competitive nities to discuss ongoing issues in the archaeology of industrialisa- tender) to electronically digitise past copies of the Journal. Once tion, of central importance to understanding the post-medieval completed, in 2010, world. Future these digital ar- highlights in the chives will be made conference pro- available on-line, gramme are the by agreement with Denmark confer- the Archaeology ence to be held in Data Service. Odense and Co- penhagen at the I was delighted to end of September, attend a gathering the Newfoundland at the University of conference in June Leicester, at the 2010, and a call for end of March, to papers for a assist in launching planned confer- the publication of ence in Glasgow in the Society's latest September 2010 monograph – on 'The Engaged 'Crossing Paths or Past: Public, Politi- Sharing Tracks? cal, Post-Medieval Future directions in Archaeology'. Delegates enjoying welcome refreshment at the archaeological study of post-1550 Members should the 'Fe09: Footprints of Industry' conference, Britain and Ireland', also note the Ironbridge, June 2009 featured in the last launch of our Newsletter. Much forthcoming spe- credit is due to contributors and its editors, Audrey Horning and cial issue of the Journal on the archaeology of Québec City on 10th Marilyn Palmer, in seeing it to publication less than a year after the November (page 4); the Society AGM, which will be held on 3rd Oc- Leicester conference which spawned it. In June, it was also a pleas- tober in conjunction with the Postgraduate Conference in Historical ure to join the well-attended 'FE09: Footprints of Industry' confer- Archaeology at the University of Leicester (page 5), and the impor- ence at Ironbridge, to present our Society's 2008 Dissertation Prize tant announcement of changes to subscription payment methods for to Eiden Hennessy, for his MA dissertation, 'Including the Excluded those members currently paying by standing order (page 3). Past: The Rural Poor, Ireland, 1750-1860' (University College Cork). The Newsletter is still a work in progress, of course, and I hope that Next year, Council has agreed that there will be two separate prizes members will let me know if there are things they particularly like, for undergraduate and postgraduate dissertations. or would like to see changed. And I hope that the new design will Ever keen to promote the Society's outreach and media exposure, we encourage even more of you to take up the opportunity of sharing are grateful to the Québec Government Office, in Pall Mall, London, news and views with your fellow members, of events you have at- which has offered to host the launch of volume 43:1 of our Journal, tended, ongoing fieldwork and research projects, or current debates on 10 November. This will be an invaluable (English language) publi- in the field of post-medieval archaeology. cation devoted to the archaeology of Québec. Members who enjoy With best wishes, Chris King good company, a drink and a nibble are welcome to attend. Invita- tions will be limited to a maximum of 50, so please keep an eye on firstname.lastname@example.com the Society's website for further information. Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 2 Eiden Hennessey (right) receives his Session 1: Why post-medieval Archaeology? award for the 2008 SPMA dissertation Papers by David Cranstone on coastal saltmaking and the 'long In- prize from Nick Brannon dustrial Revolution'; Lene Høst Madsen on historical archaeology in Denmark; and Laura McAtackney on the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past. Field Trip to Funen Thursday 24th September Session 2: The current structure of archaeology in Denmark and Britain Papers by Nick Brannon on the development of the Society for Post- Medieval Archaeology; Anders Myrtue on traditions and prospects in material culture studies in Denmark; Dave Hooley on approaches to historic landscape and seascape characterisation in England; Geoff Egan on the Portable Antiquities Scheme; and Ebbe Hædersdal on buildings archaeology in Denmark. Session 3: Across the North Sea Papers by Mark Dunkley on new approaches to marine heritage management in England; Frank Allan Rasmussen on the transfer of maritime technology from Britain to Denmark, 1790-1912; René Schrøder Christensen on Danish harbours as gateways to Britain; Símun V. Arge & Dr. Natascha Mehler (presented by Susie White) on Hanseatic merchants at the Faroe Islands and the trading site á Krambatangi; and Jens Aage Søndergaard on British influence on Our website (averaging some 5,000 'unique visits' per month) con- Danish agriculture in the 17th and 18th centuries. tinues to prove its worth; our invitation to members to self- Field trip: Odense nominate as potential Council officers (albeit subject to constitu- tional election) drew a useful response, and we also expect to recruit a public relations officer. Portable display stands, for our and others' Friday 25th September conferences, and a new SPMA recruitment leaflet, are in the offing, Session 4: Society in Denmark and Britain utilising members' design skills. If you have any good quality photo- graphs illustrative of post-medieval archaeology (which you would Papers by Mette Svart Kristiansen on post-medieval rural settlement supply free of copyright, but with acknowledgment), please submit research in Denmark; Frank Meddens, Peter Moore, and Russel Cole- them via the website. And, as always, please spread the word that we man on methods and approaches to the excavation of urban indus- would welcome new members. trial landscapes; Jon Finch on the great estate as a global landscape; Kristoffer Jensen on Count Frijs and his industrial monument Late summer and autumn will be upon us all too soon. I look forward "Bastian"; Brian Kerr on historic garden reconstruction; Dr. Morten to meeting members at the Denmark conference in late September, Pedersen on the Danish cement industry; and Trine Louise Borake the innovative postgraduate conference in Leicester in early October on textiles from 18th-century Copenhagen. (where we will also hold the Society's AGM), and at the Québec jour- Session 5 Society in Britain and Denmark nal launch in early November. See you there? Papers by Paul Belford on excavations at Wednesbury Forge; David With best wishes, Nick Brannon Higgins on the transmission of goods and ideas in the post-medieval world using evidence from the clay tobacco pipe industry; Rikke email@example.com Simonsen on the bastioned fortification of Copenhagen; Christopher Grønfeldt Petersen on burials at the church of Horsens, Denmark; SOCIETY CONFERENCES: 2009-2010 Stine Damsbo Winther on the cemetery of Almindeligt Hospital; Lise Harvig & Niels Lynnerup on ethical challenges for the excavation of contemporary and historical graves in Copenhagen; and Liv Appel Across the North Sea: on the impact of the Scots and English in Elsinore. Reception at Odense Town Hall; conference dinner Later historical archaeology in Britain and Denmark c.1500-2000 AD Saturday 26th & Sunday 27th September Copenhagen: Introduction to the Metro excavations in Copenhagen 22nd-27th September 2009 and field trip to the H.C. Oersted power plant. Odense and Copenhagen CONFERENCE BOOKING AND FEES You can choose from three options: A joint conference of the SPMA, Odense City Museums, the University of Southern Denmark, and the City Museum of Copenhagen , on key resident single room 5150 dkr. issues in the practice and interpretation of post-medieval resident shared double room 4100 dkr. archaeology in Britain and Denmark. non-resident 1700 dkr. Single rooms will be booked with The Plaza Hotel; double rooms will PROGRAMME be booked with the Windsor Hotel, both very close to the conference Tuesday 22nd September venue and railway station. If you wish to book a hotel room we rec- ommend that you use the conference hotels, where we get a good Welcome reception at The City Museum Møntergården discount. The one night stay in Copenhagen will be booked by the City Museum of Copenhagen and will be a normal medium-level Wednesday 23rd September hotel. The conference fee for resident single room and resident Welcome address by Jesper Carlsen, Chairman, The Institute for shared double room includes hotel and breakfast 22-27 September; History and Civilization, University of Southern Denmark; opening all meals during the conference except on Tuesday and Sunday; and speeches by David Gaimster and Dr. Per Grau Møller. all bus transport during the conference. Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 3 SOCIETY NEWS Members of SPMA and students receive a discount of 200 dkr. Booking must be done by e-mail to the conference secretary: Anne SOCIETY AGM: 3rd October 2009 Byrum, Odense City Museums, e-mail email@example.com. Please inform Anne Byrum if you are a speaker at the conference. The Society AGM will be held at the University of Leicester, in con- junction with the planned Postgraduate Conference organised by the For the full programme and further details see: www.spma.org.uk Centre for Historical Archaeology (1.45pm, Seminar Room 0/51, Henry Wellcome Building). See 'Notes and News' for the full confer- ence programme. Society members may also of course attend the AGM without participating in the conference. Exploring New World Transitions: Important changes to membership payments From Seasonal Presence to Permanent As reported by Nick Brannon, the Society has recently agreed to hand Settlement over administration of its membership services to Maney Publishing. All members should have received a letter informing them of the new payment and renewal arrangements inside the front cover of Post- Medieval Archaeology 42(2). All members who currently pay by standing order will need to cancel these and set up a new method of St John's, Newfoundland payment for their 2010 subscription (Direct Debit, PayPal, credit or 14th-20th June 2010 debit card, or cheque). If you have any queries, please contact Maney at firstname.lastname@example.com; or Janet Hague, Maney Publishing Society for Post Medieval Ltd, Suite 1C, Joseph's Well, Hanover Walk, Leeds, LS3 1AB, UK. Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Bourne- mouth University, UK. Forthcoming SPMA conference: call for papers An international conference on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the first English settlement in Canada at Cupers Engaging the recent past: Cove Newfoundland, in 1610 The conference which will reconsider early phases of colonisation of Public, political, post-medieval archaeology the New World in the context of wider processes of settlement and sedentism, in both north-eastern North America and Europe. The 3rd-5th September 2010 conference will be held in St John's, Newfoundland, one of the first places Europeans exploited in the New World. The conference lan- University of Glasgow guage will be English. The recent past is a tangible past – a past which saw the emergence Conference Themes and development of modern society, a past which merges seamlessly People move all the time. The 16th to18th centuries were a turbu- with the contemporary world, a past which cannot be divided from lent time around the North Atlantic, with a great deal of population the present. In engaging with this past we inevitably engage with movement at every scale: national, regional; rural, urban, suburban; questions surrounding the nature of our own society and the role of international, transjurisdictional, and especially transatlantic. The archaeology in the present day. focus of this conference is the tail end of those processes: sedentism. This conference will focus on the contemporary context of post- How/why/when do people stop moving and turn temporary use of a medieval archaeology – the archaeology of the period from c. 1500 place into permanent occupation? A.D. to the present in Britain and Ireland, Europe and countries af- Issues to be covered by the conference will include: new settle- fected by European colonialism and imperialism. The conference ments; seasonal camps; transatlantic exploration; artefacts and eco- will provide an opportunity for archaeologists to reflect on the pub- facts; environmental impacts and adjustments; displacement, emi- lic context of their engagement with the recent past. Contributors gration and dispossession; and the demography of seasonal and will analyse, evaluate and debate current and future practice. settled populations. Papers might explore post-medieval archaeology as 'heritage' or The full conference programme is currently being drawn up and will they might analyse its representation in the media. They might dis- be advertised on the Society website in due course, along with all the cuss a specific public or community archaeology project as a means necessary booking information. to reflect on current and future practice. They might discuss broader initiatives or reflect more generally on approaches to public For further information, contact: Peter Pope (firstname.lastname@example.com) or engagement. Papers might focus on the use of post-medieval ar- Mark Brisbane (email@example.com) chaeology in 'official history', propaganda and myth-making or in the creation of alternative histories. They might discuss the relationship of the subject to its national context(s) and/or questions of rights (e.g. to artefacts, sites or landscapes). Proposals for papers on these or other topics relating to 'publics, politics and post-medieval archaeology' are sought from established and emerging academics and professionals. A title and an abstract of up to 200 words should be sent to Chris Dalglish (firstname.lastname@example.com) by 11 December 2009. Presentations will be 20 minutes in length and will be followed by discussion. Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 4 Post-Medieval Archaeology : forthcoming special Conference report journal issue on the archaeology of Québec City 'Fe09 Footprints of Industry' The internationally significant archae- Coalbrookdale, 3rd-7th June 2009 ology of Québec City will form the sub- ject for the next issue of Post-Medieval The conference formed part of the year-long celebrations in and Archaeology. The volume is the result of around the Ironbridge Gorge, commemorating the 300th anniver- collaboration between SPMA and the sary of the first successful use of coke to smelt iron, at Abraham Association des archéologues du Québec Darby's furnace in Coalbrookdale; a process that ensured abundant (AAQ); its guest editor is William Moss, supplies of a material that was crucial to industrialisation. The con- Chief Archaeologist for the City of Qué- ference programme was a collaboration between several national bec. The publication has arisen from the period and thematic societies concerned with the archaeology of celebration of the 400th anniversary of industrial process and society; the Association for Industrial Archae- the city's founding by Samuel de Cham- ology, the Newcomen Society, the Historical Metallurgy Society, and plain in 1608, an occasion which gave the SPMA. Over 90 delegates attended from the UK, Europe, and momentum to a number of important North America, and the papers, presented over four days, repre- archaeological projects in the city and sented something of the diversity of research in European industrial surrounding region. It contains sixteen archaeology. Following on from last year's 'Crossing Paths or Sharing papers, all translated from French, providing the only modern over- Tracks?' conference at Leicester University, the Coalbrookdale con- view of archaeological work in this leading centre of urban research ference programme extended beyond what could have been a nar- in the English language. row consideration of historic process, to take in the origins of indus- trialisation, the impact of technology on society during the industrial ~ Volume launch: 10th November 2009 ~ period, and the recording, interpretation, and management of the heritage of industrialisation. The issue will be launched at a special reception hosted by the Qué- bec Government Office, in Pall Mall, London, Places will be limited to The conference was opened by Michael Darby, the Vice President of 50, which will be advertised on the SPMA website. the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust and descendent of Abraham Darby. Michael's opening address provided the historical context to CONTENTS 2009's celebrations, reflecting on the origins of the museum 50 years ago, with the restoration of Abraham's furnace at a time when Introduction: the archaeology of a North American city, the early employment in industry in the Ironbridge Gorge had begun its de- modern period in Québec By William Moss cline. Before New France The paper sessions got under way the next day, with a session on the The natural environment of the Québec City region during the European origins of industrialisation. Ron Ross (Wilfred Laurier Holocene By Louise Filion, Martin Lavoie & Lydia Querrec University, Ontario) explored the origins of industrialisation in the A universe under strain: Amerindian nations in north-eastern medieval manors of Europe, and Gerhard Ermischer North America in the 16th century By Marcel Moussette (Archåeologisches Spessart-Projekt) considered the medieval up- An aborted attempt at settling New France in the 16th century: land industrial landscape of the German Spessart, a centre of glass Cartier and Roberval's Charlesbourg Royal production that was later romanticised for its picturesque woodland poverty. Charlesbourg Royal and France Roi (1541–43): France's first colo- nization attempt in the Americas By Richard Fiset & Gilles Samson The afternoon session reflected on the metallurgical inheritance of The archaeological collection from the Cartier-Roberval Site (1541 Abraham Darby. Brian Awty's paper highlighted the importance of –43): a unique testimony to French colonization efforts in the family and personal connections in the development of ironworking Americas By Hélène Côté at Coalbrookdale during the 17th and 18th centuries, and David Dungworth (English Heritage) encouraged taking a more cognitive From myth to reality: archaeobotany at the Cartier-Roberval Up- approach to the study of metal working, and metal workers. David per Fort site By Julie-Anne Bouchard-Perron & Allison Bain Crossley's keynote lecture, 'Fuel and power: change in British indus- Governing New France from the Château Saint-Louis try 1600–1800', was preceded by the presentation of the SPMA Dis- The Saint-Louis forts and châteaux site: archaeology in the heart of sertation prize to Eiden Hennessy, (University College Cork) for his New France By Pierre Cloutier & Paul-Gaston L'Anglais MA dissertation, 'Including the excluded past: the rural poor in Ire- land 1750-1850'. The origins of the Château Saint-Louis, residence of the governor of New France By Manon Goyette The second day of the conference focused on the impact of industri- Fort Saint-Louis and other 17th-century fortification works discov- alisation on society, and how change was expressed in buildings, ered recently in Québec City By Jacques Guimont landscapes, and material culture. Paul Belford's paper overturned the idea of the Protestant work ethic as a driving force in industriali- Administering New France from the Intendant's Palace sation, at least within the vicinity of Coalbrookdale in the 16th and The Intendant's Palace site: urbanisation of Québec City's Lower 17th centuries; the Catholic Brooke family were technological pio- Town By Réginald Auger, Daniel Simoneau & Allison Bain neers at a time when others of their faith faced persecution. Ian West The Intendant's Palace site: new insight into its physical evolution (University of Leicester) considered the effect of a new technology – and initial occupation By Daniel Simoneau artificial lighting – on working practices and the built environment, and Robert Prescott (St Andrews University) looked at the impact of Bugs, seeds and weeds at the Intendant's Palace site, a study of an technology on the Scottish fishing fleet of the 19th century; larger evolving landscape By Allison Bain, Julie-Anne Bouchard-Perron, boats, longer nets, and steam capstans for gathering in the catch Réginald Auger & Daniel Simoneau made for a successful fleet, but surely sowed the seeds for today's Inhabiting New France over-fishing. Québec in the time of Champlain By Françoise Niellon Charlotte Newman (University of York) reminded us of the unfortu- The Seminary of Québec site: from New France's earliest farm to nate results of industrialisation, namely unprecedented levels of its first religious institution By Daniel Simoneau poverty in urban centres, and how changing attitudes towards the An archaeological view of the French colonial port of Québec By poor impacted the lives and social identities of workhouse paupers Serge Rouleau in West Yorkshire. Emily Gillott and Andy Gaunt (Nottinghamshire County Council) spoke about their community archaeology project The foreshore of the St Lawrence at the Îlot Hunt site in the 17th at Jacksdale, Nottinghamshire, whose residents braved February's and 18th centuries: an open dump? By Céline Cloutier Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 5 inclement weather to exca- heritage organisations. vate and record the village's The conference was canal basin and housing. unfortunately attended by relatively few local A short session on industriali- authority curators or sation and imperial tensions members of staff from preceded the second keynote archaeology units lecture by Marilyn Palmer (other than those giving (University of Leicester), papers); this was 'New light on familiar objects: largely due to the cur- archaeology and industriali- rent difficult financial sation in the 21st century', climate, and the peril- which highlighted some of the ous situation that units, more nuanced work now and those who work for being produced by industrial them, find themselves. archaeologists. Richard In particular, the lack of Hunter and Ian Burrow current post-graduate (Hunter Research Inc, New students and early ca- Jersey) introduced their pro- reer scholars among the ject at the Trenton Steel contributors (with the Works, New Jersey; America welcome exception of had provided a huge market Charlotte Newman and for British metal manufactur- Ian West) was for me, a ers in the 18th century, and worry. I hope this does independence of production Delegates enjoying the conference dinner not reflect the current at foundries and forges like state of the study of industrial and post-industrial society in that at Trenton were unwel- universities; I'm sure that it doesn't, with MA courses at Bristol, come, to say the least. Ian Wykes (Staffordshire County Council) Leicester, Sheffield and York producing a new generation of archae- spoke about the First World War training camps that were con- ologists with diverse interests, questioning some of the perceived structed in 1915 on a massive scale on Cannock Chase in Stafford- interpretations, research priorities, and methodologies associated shire; the camps housed over 100,000 soldiers training for active with the archaeology of industrialisation. It just would have been service on the Western Front, and were built with all the infrastruc- great to see some of them at this conference. ture that a large town needed, seeing a rapid turnover of troops of various nationalities. Nevertheless, Paul Belford and his colleagues at the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust should be congratulated for organising such a Day three of the conference dealt with the conservation, manage- popular and successful conference (including a packed programme ment and interpretation of the archaeological resource. Miles Ogle- of social events), and I look forward to seeing the publication of pa- thorpe (Historic Scotland) and Miriam McDonald (RCAHMS) summa- pers, allowing some of the valuable debates, particularly those sur- rised their project, recording and protecting Glasgow's historic wa- rounding fieldwork methodologies and the greater dissemination of ter supply network, a great example of historic infrastructure at risk; research, to continue. likewise the value of keeping schools, hospitals, railways, or historic electrical supply, has to be balanced with the need to upgrade to Emma Dwyer meet modern needs. Helen Gomersall (West Yorkshire Archaeology Museum of London Archaeology Advisory Service) highlighted the unique problems faced by curators and commercial archaeologists engaging with industrial remains, and the need to communicate with engineers, chemists, and local societies when researching and interpreting industrial structures and processes. The discussion after her paper brought out the diffi- NOTES AND NEWS culties of dissemination; synthetic publication is of great value, but unfortunately not something that developers are willing to pay for. Much power lies with curators, who are able to demand better desk- Postgraduate Conference in Historical Archaeology based assessments, and specify fieldwork and publication strategies. 3rd October 2009 Will Mitchell and his colleagues (Birmingham Archaeology) took an Centre for Historical Archaeology, innovative approach towards recording the J.W. Evans Jewellery University of Leicester Factory in Birmingham, which was taken into the ownership of Eng- lish Heritage when the owner retired. Thorough recording of the SPMA members are warmly invited to attend this forthcoming con- buildings and their contents in situ before conservation and repairs ference, which will provide a lively and informal forum for the pres- take place will allow rooms to be reinstated and presented to the entation and discussion of current postgraduate research in the ar- public. Norgbert Mendgen (Saarbrüken) introduced the restoration chaeology of the last 500 years, and will highlight the strength and and re-use of industrial buildings associated with coal and ore min- diversity of the discipline. PhD students will be provided with an ing, iron and steel working, and glass and ceramics manufacture in opportunity to present their research and gain constructive feed- the Greater Region, spanning Wallonia in Belgium, Luxembourg, back. This will be an excellent opportunity to hear about current eastern France and south-western Germany. It has rarely been pos- work within the field and to support new researchers. sible to use the buildings and structures for their original purpose, which has led to some radical, but ultimately successful examples of PROGRAMME re-use. The conference was concluded by a lecture by Sir Neil Cos- 9.50: Welcome by Dr Sarah Tarlow (Director of the Centre for His- sons, the first director of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum, who out- torical Archaeology) lined something of the background to its foundation in 1971, when the former South Shropshire coalfield was undergoing its transfor- Session 1 (Chair: Dr Audrey Horning) mation to become the new town of Telford. 10.00: Eve Campbell: Displacement and relocation in early modern One of the strengths of scholarship in industrial archaeology has Ireland: studies of transplantation settlements in Connacht and Clare always been the huge amount of work carried out by independent 10.30: Siobhán McDermott: Spoken in stone: flowering flax Tree of researchers, and the conference papers represented something of Life iconography and the funerary tradition of 18th-century South the wide range of work carried out by commercial units and national Ulster Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 6 11.30: Bob Ruffle: 'Earthen ware and other odd things': The (in) tories differs significantly from previous assumptions, most notably significance of pottery in the early modern household with regard to factory size, working hours and the prevalence of 12.00: Christopher McDaid: The social context for taverns in 18th- night work, none of which increased when better lighting became century Hampton, Virginia available in the first half of the 19th century. 12.30: Stephania Skartsis: Chlemoutsi: an Ottoman and Venetian Analysis of historical records and physical remains demonstrates the castle and its pottery key role which the experience in these early factories played in de- 1.00-2.30: Lunch, sponsored by the Society for Post-Medieval Archae- ology; Poster display 1.45-2.30: Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology AGM Session 2 (Chair: Dr Sarah Tarlow) 2.30: Annalisa Christie: Were the coastal societies of the East African coast also 'maritime societies'? 3.00: Ashley Coutu: Tracing the links between elephants and humans during the 19th-century East African caravan trade 3.30: Ágústa Edwald: The archaeology of Icelandic immigration to Canada in the late 19th century 4.30: Charlie Newman: The place of the pauper: the West Yorkshire workhouse in the New Poor Law era 5.00: Elli Winterburn: Intervention in unequal measure: an archae- ology of planning interventions of the last 100 years in the 19th- century residential areas of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Gas works remains, Shaw Lodge Mill, CONFERENCE BOOKING Halifax, built c. 1830, closed 1922 Attendance at the conference will be free for all currently registered veloping the technology of gas lighting and encouraging its use in postgraduate students. The conference fee for waged delegates will wider society. However, it also highlights the important contribution be £20.00. The conference lunch will be provided courtesy of the made by the largely overlooked Argand oil lamp, which lit most fac- Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology. The Society's AGM will be tories in the decades before the introduction of gas lighting, a time held in conjunction with this event, from 13.45-14.30 (venue: Semi- when long working hours and night working were more wide- nar room 0/51, Henry Wellcome Building) spread; Argand oil lamps continued in use in some more remote Deadline for booking: 20th September 2009. Booking and payment locations until the railways brought cheaper coal for gas-making. forms are available at: The introduction of gas therefore did not bring about the sudden and dramatic changes in the workplace which many contemporary www2.le.ac.uk/departments/archaeology/research/events and modern commentators have assumed, which calls into question the claims made regarding its impact on wider society. For further information, please contact Sharon North: email@example.com or Dr Audrey Horning: firstname.lastname@example.com Finds Research Group: workshop report Recently completed Ph.D. research 'Finding the Familiar: Dealing with artefacts of the modern age' Light Satanic Mills – the impact of artificial lighting in early factories University of Sheffield, 9th May 2009 Ian West On 9 May 2009 the Finds Research Group (FRG) held a workshop entitled 'Finding the Familiar: Dealing with artefacts of the Modern School of Archaeology and Ancient History, Age.' The workshop was intended to provide researchers with an University of Leicester, December 2008 introduction to the material culture of the more recent past, particu- larly of the 19th and early 20th centuries. While artefacts of the last For most of humankind's existence, life has been ruled by the sun; two centuries have not traditionally been a focus of analysis, the work and leisure activities were largely restricted to the hours of growing quantities of material culture being excavated and kept – daylight. Until little more than 200 years ago, artificial light sources particularly from urban sites – as a result of developer-funded ar- were ineffective for all but the most basic tasks and were, in any chaeology are increasingly forcing British archaeologists to pay event, unaffordable by most members of society. The changes which closer attention to the period. The workshop was organized by have created our modern 24-hour culture, in which almost no activ- Claire Coulter of ARCUS, and was attended by people with a broad ity is constrained by the availability of natural light, have been far- spectrum of archaeological and historical interests, including field reaching and yet, as this research shows, our understanding of their archaeologists, buildings archaeologists, collectors, post-excavation impact is imperfect. managers, and museum professionals. The wide range of attendees This project concentrates on the changes that lighting brought to the was encouraging and highlighted the interest in modern archaeo- workplace, and applies the techniques of historical archaeology spe- logical research. cifically to the factories of late 18th- and early 19th-century Britain The first part of the day consisted of a number of short, thought- where the technology of gas lighting was pioneered. Previous work provoking presentations. The first presentation was given by Alas- has cast doubt on the technical and economic success of this early dair Brooks of Leicester University. Alasdair used a case study of use of artificial lighting but analysis of Parliamentary evidence sug- 18th- and 19th-century pottery recovered from Huntingdon, Cam- gest that by 1833, around 65% of the factories in Britain were lit by bridgeshire to highlight the fact that there is a large gap in the gas. Many of these factories had their own private gas works and, knowledge of material culture of this date in British archaeology surprisingly, several of these continued in operation for economic compared to Australia and North America, something which he and strategic reasons long after public gas supplies became avail- noted was ironic given that much of this material culture was actu- able. More unexpectedly, this research shows how the impact of this ally manufactured in the United Kingdom. technology on the physical and socio-economic development of fac- Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 7 This gap in knowledge was again highlighted by Linzi Harvey, of vited symposium entitled 'Poverty in Depth' which was intended to ARCUS, and Marit Gaimster, of Pre-Construct Archaeology. Both explore the research potential of this major urban site. The sympo- spoke from the point of view of commercial post-excavation and sium revolved around five round-table discussions on the themes of highlighted the fact that there are many types of more modern arte- 'poverty', 'health and sanitation', housing', 'possessions' and 'power'. facts that British researchers sometimes struggle to recognize. Due Participants included Tim Murray and Alan Mayne from Australia, to the lack of British-focused archaeological publications for this who had worked on 'Little Lon' in Melbourne and who had brought type of artefact, we often have to look toward the internet for the together the contributions in The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: websites of amateur enthusiasts. Marit backed up this point by dis- Explorations in Slumland (2001, CUP). Adrian Praetzellis, Mary cussing case studies from recent excavations of modern sites in Lon- Beaudry, Rebecca Yamin and Diana diZerega contributed from their don. As sites of a later date are being excavated more often due to experiences of similar communities in the USA, as did various British redevelopment of industrial areas, there is a need to better under- speakers including Jim Symonds, Mike Nevell and Paul Belford. A stand the artefacts for their interpretation. series of papers were distributed in advance to act as the basis for discussion, and Jayne Rimmer of the York Archaeological Trust is to Lance Mytton provided an informative talk on the history of British be congratulated on organising all this. Debate was generally very bottle manufacture from a collector's perspective. Eddie Birch of the lively, and continued in the York Mansion House where Marilyn Historical Metallurgical Society introduced the workshop to the Palmer was asked to deliver a pre-dinner speech designed to per- United Kingdom's National Slags Collection, and made it known that suade delegates to continue their discussions over a formal dinner! I the collection has recently undergone some redevelopment. The hope that the Trust might consider making the papers given at the collection holds samples from over 200 sites; these are available by symposium more generally available since they were of considerable appointment for those wishing to undertake metallurgical analysis interest and could be valuable in persuading other archaeological of industrial residues. Joan Unwin, archivist for the Company of units that there is much to be learnt from the upper layers in large- Cutlers in Hallamshire, discussed the use of bone in Sheffield's once- scale urban excavations as well as what may lie beneath. thriving cutlery industry. Oliver Jessop, also of ARCUS, used a talk on paper archives to highlight the problem of archive storage and Marilyn Palmer curation in commercial archaeology. Pauline Webb of the Science University of Leicester and Industry Museum, Manchester, spoke from the point of view of museums that specialize in material from the modern period and their importance in understanding a local past. New publications The final session of the day featured a discussion chaired by Sarah May of English Heritage, in which those present discussed the possi- Small pieces of history: archaeological remains from Tun- bilities of setting up a British research group for the material culture of the modern period. During this talk, it became clear that a re- stall, Stoke-on-Trent by Jonathan Goodwin and David Barker. search group encompassing all aspects of modern archaeology – Stoke-on-Trent Archaeology Service Monograph No. 2, 2009 buildings, finds, and technology – was needed due to the increasing Price £13.95. v and 69 pages, 214 colour plates, ISBN 978-0- number of excavations and surveys focusing on the more recent 9550144-2-0. past. It was suggested that a list be made up of groups and individu- Available from Noel Boothroyd, Urban Design & Conservation, Stoke als with relevant specialisms, so that they can be contacted as a -on-Trent City Council, PO Box 630, Civic Centre, Glebe Street, Stoke- point of reference, and the development of an online forum for this on-Trent ST4 1RF; email: firstname.lastname@example.com; tel: 01782 purpose was proposed. It was largely agreed that, in the first in- 232597; or the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery shop. stance, the new group should be developed under the auspices of the already-established FRG to prevent disciplinary fragmentation and This publication draws together some important new finds from a to help sustain membership of and interest in the group. A small little-researched part of the north Staffordshire Potteries. Tunstall core working group has been created to look at the practicalities of was the northern-most of the six pottery-producing towns that developing such a research group in conjunction with the FRG. formed 'The Potteries' conurbation, eventually united into the city of Stoke-on-Trent. This report makes a valuable contribution to raising For more information on the new research group (which still lacks a awareness of Tunstall, its factories and its ceramics, and to highlight- name), please contact Claire Coulter (firstname.lastname@example.com), ing its importance to the wider market. The sites discussed have Julie Cassidy (email@example.com) or Alasdair produced the first archaeological evidence to indicate what precisely Brooks (firstname.lastname@example.com). was being produced in Tunstall, how, and by whom. Some of Tun- Julie Cassidy stall's leading 19th- and early 20th-century pottery manufacturers Northamptonshire Finds Liaison Officer are represented by the finds. The great majority of the ceramics from these sites are of 19th-century date, confirming the major in- crease in manufacturing in Tunstall from c. 1800. The main products are earthenwares and, from the mid 19th century, ironstone-type or Conference report white granite wares. Tunstall's fortunes increased as the North American trade developed, and a significant part of the town's pro- 'Poverty in Depth: New International Perspectives' duction during the second half of the 19th century was devoted to- University of York, 6th-8th July 2009 wards supplying this market. The importance of Tunstall in this trade was such that in 1869 an American Consulate was established 25 years after the Coppergate dig which led to the foundation of the in Tunstall. The wares of some of the leading manufacturers for the Jorvik Viking Centre, York Archaeological Trust, in association with American market have been recovered, notably those of John Wedge Hungate (York) Regeneration Ltd and City of York Council, has been Wood, Podmore, Walker & Co., William Adams, Johnson Brothers, able to undertake another large scale excavation as part of the work and W.H. Grindley & Co., adding a new archaeological dimension to being carried out to create the new Hungate urban neighbourhood. our knowledge of these factories' wares. Other important finds are Uniquely, a decision was taken from the start to concentrate on what those wares at the lower end of the price range – those with simple could be learnt from the 19th-century remains on the site rather under-glaze painted, slip, or sponged decoration. Such wares consti- than stripping them off to get at the archaeology of earlier periods. tuted a significant proportion of north Staffordshire pottery produc- One of the reasons for this was that Seebohm Rowntree had included tion, but are rarely marked and, consequently, have been little stud- the Hungate area in his study of the working-class districts of York. ied. Nevertheless, they too featured significantly in overseas trade, This has enabled invaluable links to be made between documentary and British-made wares of these types have been found in most and physical evidence, something that the Hungate team has clearly parts of the world. The discovery of quantities of such decorated relished. ceramics in meaningful contexts will help to address uncertainties over sourcing, dating, and understanding these wares, and will help From 6th–8th July, the York Archaeological Trust organised an in- to encourage a more confident approach to such finds in the future. Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Newsletter 69: Autumn 2009 8 CONFERENCE DIARY 17th-19th December 2009 22nd-27th September 2009 Theoretical Archaeology Group 2009 SPMA Conference: Across the North Sea: Later Historical University of Durham Archaeology in Britain and Denmark, c. 1500-2000 AD The 31st annual meeting of the Theoretical Archaeology Group. Ses- Odense and Copenhagen sions include: Archaeology and Englishness; Caring for the Dead: See under 'Society conferences' for full details changing attitudes towards curation; Halt! Who goes there? The theoretical and methodological considerations of conflict archae- ology; Living on the edge: scrutinising suburbs; Reanimating indus- 3rd October 2009 trial spaces; The ethics of heritage tourism, archaeology and identity. Postgraduate Conference in Historical Archaeology The deadline for submission of individual paper abstracts to the University of Leicester session organisers is 30 September 2009. For full details, see: http://www.dur.ac.uk/tag.2009/index.html See under 'Notes and News' for full details 16th-18th October 2009 6th-9th January 2010 CHAT 2009: Modern Materials: the archaeology of things from Society for Historical Archaeology 2010 the early modern, modern and contemporary world Amelia Island Plantation, Jacksonville, FL, USA Keble College, Oxford The largest annual international gathering of historical and post- How does the study of material things contribute to our understand- medieval archaeologists. This year the conference theme is 'Coastal ing of the early modern, modern and contemporary world? What is Connections: Integrating Terrestrial and Underwater Archaeology'; the distinctive contribution of archaeology in these studies? CHAT but as usual the programme includes a huge range of papers on 2009 focuses on the archaeological study of 'Modern Materials' – many different topics. For full details, see: www.sha.org from 'small things forgotten' to large and complex technological ar- tefacts; and from single objects to large, disparate assemblages. Questions addressed by the conference will include, but are not lim- ited to: 23rd-24th March2010 Is it helpful to define the archaeology of the modern world accord- Forum Archaeologiae Post-Mediaevalis ing to its focus upon material things? Prague How can contemporary and historical archaeology relate to an- A call for papers has been announced for the next international con- thropological material culture studies? ference of the Forum Archaeologiae Post-Mediaevalis to be held in Prague, Czech Republic. The main conference theme will be 'Written How can we rethink archaeology's distinctive approaches to study- and iconographic sources in post-medieval archaeology'. The work- ing things as important tools and resources, rather than simply ing languages are Czech and English, but for non-Czech-speakers a methods for dry empiricism? simultaneous interpreter will be provided. The presented papers Once again, the programme includes an exceptionally wide range of will then be published in the series Studies in Post-Medieval Archae- over 30 international speakers, including well-known figures from ology. the worlds of academic, commercial and museum archaeology, and The call for papers is available on the SPMA website: up-and-coming younger researchers. www.spma.org.uk; the deadline for submission of abstracts is the Registration: £40 (including tea and coffee, wine reception, exclud- end of December. ing accommodation). Places are allocated on a first come first served basis, so early booking is advised. Registration forms are available For further details, e-mail: email@example.com at: www.contemp-hist-arch.ac.uk/news.htm. Please contact the conference organisers at firstname.lastname@example.com. COPY DEADLINES email@example.com Final newsletter copy deadlines are 28th February for the Spring 24th October 2009 newsletter and 31st July for the Autumn newsletter. Please send your news to Chris King; address at head of Newsletter. Finds Research Group: A celebration of irons! Their production and uses The Collection, Lincoln CURRENT MEMBERSHIP RATES Ordinary members (25 years and older) £27 or US $60 The conference is intended to be an introduction to iron and cover Joint members (25 years and older) £32 or US $70 both how it was made between AD 700-1700 and how the various properties of the different irons produced were used, both function- Young person (under 25 years old or full time students) £15 or ally and decoratively. Speakers to include Eleanor Blakelock, Peter US $35 King, Gerry McDonnell, Sarah Paynter and Dave Starley; there are Membership services for the Society are now provided by Maney. planned films and demonstrations of a smelt in a bloomery furnace You can pay for your membership online using Visa, PayPal, and smithing on a reconstructed portable medieval hearth ; an exhi- MasterCard, Maestro, AmEx, and Solo. bition of pattern welded swords and spears and an exhibition of Go to www.spma.org.uk to join. xrays and iron objects from the Lincoln Museum collection. Posters are welcome. The meeting is free for FRG members but will cost £5 SECRETARY firstname.lastname@example.com for non-members. Dr Audrey Horning, School of Archaeology and Ancient History, Booking forms will be available from the FRG website University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH (www.findsresearchgroup700-1700.org.uk) from late August or will be available from Jane Cowgill, 25 Main Street, South Rauceby, The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Ltd. Registered Company No. (England) 1477528. Registered Charity No. Sleaford, Lincolnshire, NG34 8QG 281651. Registered Office: c/o Society of Antiquaries of London, Burlington, Email: email@example.com Piccadilly, London, W1J 0BE www.spma.org.uk
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The most revolting item of undergarmentage on the planet. This foul piece of grey polyester was worn by gay artist Briggsy for his yearlong tour of South American leper colonies. During this time the unwashed one rogered the suppurating sores of over 2000 lepers whilst wearing the thong. On his return to London he finally removed the thong at a press conference and announced he would be exhibiting it at Tate Modern. It was subsequently bought at auction by a collector for £5,000,000.
Since being bought by Saatchi Briggsy's Thong has burnt through 5 lead-lined display cases and has caused the deaths of 12 gallery employees.
by Turd Man August 03, 2009

subset: commoncrawl


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Is it ever. Lead artist Alex Amancio is taking us off the beaten path near the end of my look at Far Cry 2. I see thatched roof huts, brightly colored graffiti sprayed across the walls. Sun-soaked stones line the clear river behind me, a jagged cliff to my front. Far below is a yellow grassland that stretches on for miles. A few convincing water buffalo stand grazing off in the distance, a shot right out of No Country.
Variety is the key to understanding what Far Cry 2 is about. It's a full menu of a game, a long list of cool features, interesting twists, and surprising detail.
That detail seems to permeate every facet of the game's design. Every area is richly textured and wholly different from the last. Every enemy has a totally unique appearance. Every weapon degrades and ages over time.
It is fitting that a shooter based on presenting the player with options has spawned two very different sequels. With an open world of 50 square kilometers, a branching mission-based plot powered by a GTA-like cellphone, and an engine built for cross-platform performance, Ubisoft's Far Cry sequel is a wholly different take on the concept than we saw with Crytek's Crysis.
And while I definitely enjoyed Crysis for what it was, Far Cry 2 is shaping up to have far more gameplay potential. Registered users can use the HD Stream.
My time with the PC version started in the middle of a jungle, but by the end, I had seen river canyons, swamps, savannas, dusty camps and tribal villages. Technically speaking, Far Cry 2's modeling is perhaps a little less staggering than Crysis'. Artistically speaking, it's like comparing one painting to ten paintings.
"We basically built the engine from the ground up to be able to create this open world," said Amancio, speaking at a rapid clip, clearly excited about his game. "It's a 50 square kilometer open world game. It's streaming, so no loading. Everything is dynamic. The plants that you're seeing, the animations, they're not animated--this is really procedural. If there was to be a storm, and the wind would kick up, you'd have branches breaking off--the trees would react."
Like Crysis, you can shoot the branches off of trees. Like Crysis, you can choose to attack enemy camps using a stealth or straightforward approach. Like Crysis, you can drive vehicles, and pick up enemy weapons, and shoot people.
But that's where the similarities end. Unlike Crysis, this game is about anything but linear progression, island environments, and aliens.
To that end, Far Cry 2 is set in Africa, deep inside a country that has been ripped apart by civil war. Your long-term goal is to find and kill the Jackal, an elusive arms dealer that has holed up in the area.
"It's this collapsed country with these two factions that are fighting eachother," explains Amancio. "[The Jackal] is allowing this conflict to continue. So you have to find this guy to kill him. But to get to him you have to sort of befriend both factions, play them against each other and gain information as you get closer and closer to this guy."
On the way to locating the Jackal, the player will be tasked with completing a number of optional missions, each slowly progressing the story no matter the branch that is chosen.
"The story is non-linear," said Amancio. "And it's not like those types of games where they say, 'Oh, we have a non-linear story,' and it's like, 'A or B--which way do you want to go, left or right?' Our game is sort of a pattern of different events, and everything reshapes itself depending on what you do."
The first thing I did in the demo was receive a phone call from Frank, an Irish ally holed up inside a nearby safehouse. Your character carries a cellphone on him, and missions can be accepted or amended via the device. Parallels to Grand Theft Auto are impossible to ignore.
After reaching the safehouse, I let Frank give me his spiel with a press of the "E" key. There are no dialogue trees in Far Cry 2--when Frank offers a job, I could either hit "E" again, or simply walk away.
These safehouses act as their name describes, allowing you a moment to take a breather. It is here that you can use the stopwatch to accelerate time, turning it to night or day depending on your current preference. Darkness provides for greater stealth, but you'll have a better view of the enemy during the day.
Elaborated Amancio: "I could go [into the safehouse] and shoot my buddy in the head, and what did he have to say to me? I'll never know. But the game will evolve, it will sort of adapt to that.. If you play it twice, you can have a totally different experience."
Turn the page for more. _PAGE_BREAK_ Frank offers me a mission to take out a water pipeline which a rebel faction is exploiting, selling fresh water in exchange for arms. After detonating the pipeline, Frank expects the rebels to call for reinforcements. While I'm keeping them busy, he will attack another rebel camp, one headed up by a local warlord that crossed Frank in the past.
"We have basically world maps, 25x25 kilometers," explains Amancio. "We have sector maps which are 1x1 kilometers, we call them local maps. And then we have detail maps, which are basically [for these] areas."
After reaching the outskirts of the camp, I pulled out a pair of primitive binoculars. Using these, I could see mark targets with a touch of the trigger. Marking one sniper put the location of every sniper in the area on the map, and likewise with vehicles and other enemy types. Unlike the larger maps, the smaller local maps are highly detailed, showing the outline of the water pipeline and other buildings. In conjunction with enemy markers, the map allows you to carefully plan your attack.
My ensuing assault didn't live up to expectations. After triggering the attention of a nearby enemy, I was soon in an all-out firefight. Quickly finding myself outnumbered, I hit the ground hard, mortally wounded. It was then that Warren, the ally from the safehouse, emerged from the jungle, spraying bullets at the surrounding enemies.
Dragging me to safety, Warren injected me with a syringe, then handed me a gun to keep the pace of the game going. Nice service, but you can't relax yet--Warren will stick around to fight with you, and if he dies, he's gone for good.
Syringes of morphine act as the game's health units. You can carry up to three at a time, with extras being picked up in medkits found around buildings. Along with self-injections, the character can also perform a little impromptu surgery, digging a pair of rusty pliers right into a wound and extracting bullets.
After getting back on my feet, it was time to get serious. Sneaking up behind a wall, I popped off a few shots with a silenced pistol, dropping a nearby guard. Picking up his AK-47, I noticed that it was significantly aged, rusty and degraded. Amancio noted that this is actually a dynamic feature--even enemy guns will break down based on time and use, becoming older and more prone to jamming.
The battle reaching a fever pitch, more than a few corpses began to litter the ground. At this, Amancio took the opportunity to point out that the enemies will always be totally randomized in appearance.
"If you notice, all enemies are different," he said. "You'll see this on console [too]. I wanted to create a system where every enemy would be different, but I had a hard time justifying the development of this. But since we have multipalyer, and we needed to create something for variety in multiplayer, we were able to use the same system."
It's a great feature, something we've been waiting to see in a game for a long time. Unfortunately, I didn't have long to admire the fashion show. It was time to return fire.
During my demo, I fired off pistols, machineguns, shotguns, RPGs, and a laser-guided rocket launcher right out of Half-Life. I can't say that many of these guns were particularly notable, but the focus on iron-sight aiming was very apparent. Firing from the hip, or firing out of a sighted aim, was wild and terribly ineffective.
Probably the most interesting of the weapons was the flamethrower, which can quickly create a torrent of realistically-spreading fire. The wind governs the spread of the flames, as does the material lit--dry grass will catch fire more effecitvely than wet jungle foliage. Unsurprisingly, Amancio mentioned that oil puddles are particularly useful.
The enemy AI was a bit buggy in this early build of the game, so it was difficult to get a sense of the ebb and flow of combat, except to say that the typical Far Cry stealth vs. soldier dichotomy is very much intact. Full-on firefights were incredibly chaotic, with enemies flanking and taking cover behind trees. Incoming RPG fire was notably terrifying, both in its abruptness and its damage. On the stealth side of things, the wonderful machete weapon allowed me to sneak up behind an enemy and slit his throat in a quiet, gruesome kill.
"The more immoral stuff you do, the less people will be willing to help you, and they're gonna stop giving you malaria medication. So you yeah, you're gonna have a reputation where people are gonna see you coming in and they're like, 'It's that nutcase who kills people with machetes!' But if you don't do all those atrocities, yes, people will not be as afraid of you, and you will be stronger physically."
Turn the page for more. _PAGE_BREAK_ The world of Far Cry 2 is comprised of varied elements, right down to the races of your enemies--which at first seems a little strange given the setting. When asked why there were white and Asian enemies in the middle of Africa, Amancio explained that this fictional country has seen an influx of foreign mercenaries due to the promise of blood diamonds.
When further questioned as to whether this was simply a cute way of getting around having only black people as foes, Amancio stressed that Ubisoft's game is simply using Africa as a setting, and is meant to be apolitical in nature.
"Our game is really not about any of the--it's not political, it's not about any of the problems that are taking place in the African continent. Our game is about a self journey, about trust and betrayal and a journey into the heart of darkness. You have to go and find this man, this merchant of death, but to get to him, the things you have to do, you're sort of becoming him. It's an analysis of morality. So thats the subject, that's the goal of the game. Not anything political, or anything racial or whatever. We really didn't want to draw attention to that, because that's not the issue at all--it never was."
Even the zebras and other animals--very impressively animated, by the way--are politically correct.
"You can [kill animals]. We don't offer any reward, because we don't want to encourage people to kill wildlife. We stayed away from any species that was even remotely considered endangered. We really didn't want to go there."
Eventually I managed to focus on my mission long enough to place an explosive charge on the water pipe, completing the quest and triggering a confirmation call from Frank.
The demo ended with a look at the glider. Yes, gliding is back, with even more travel potential considering the open, expansive nature of the game. Soaring over the detailed landscapes below, it seemed like there was no way the console version could hold up to the level of detail I was seeing on the PC--but a glance across the room proved otherwise.
After watching the Xbox 360 version for a good while, I had a hard time finding major differences between the two, other than some occasional pop-in on the console. Luckily Amancio, lead artist that he was, had some insight into that particular facet of design.
"There are resolution issues--the PC always runs at a higher resolution, higher textures. Lighting calculations are also more precise on the PC. We have real-time radiosity--this stump here is being illuminated by these rocks here. There's actually light bouncing going on."
Even still, textures and geometry on the 360 looked incredibly close to the PC version. This is because the game was created with relatively lower-resolution textures in mind, the focus being on artistic detail over pure texture size. Leaves were streaked with individual veins, and wood textures had a convincing grain to them.
As for the multiplayer component, Amancio noted that it will have plenty of modes, with a class-based component likely to play a part. He also went into detail on the game's expansive multiplayer map editor, which will also be included on the console version along with a map rating system a la LittleBigPlanet. Users can download maps straight to their console hard drives.
"It will also ship with a level editor. And the level editor, I can tell you, it's probably going to be the most powerful level editor of this generation. One thing Instincts did really well is that it shipped a really cool level editor on console. Our level editor is in that vein, but next level. It's really powerful. We basically give you the same tools that we have to create this game. So I think the maximum map size is half a square kilometer, which is huge.
"We're also planning on doing something where maps are rated, so that way you don't have to sift through 500 maps and say, 'Is this map good?'
Three years ago, who would have thought a non-Crytek developed Far Cry sequel would have been anything but a quick cash-in? Now the reality is that, after almost an hour of taking in Far Cry 2, I still don't feel like I've seen even a fraction of the big picture. The way the developers talk, Far Cry 2 could be a truly epic game, with an ever-changing story, true freedom of progression, and a wide range of activities to keep you busy.
It's a little bit S.T.A.L.K.E.R., a little bit Grand Theft Far Cry, and very intriguing. Time will tell whether the potential has been fully tapped.
Far Cry 2 is set for release on PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 later this year.


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The Ever-Expanding Scope of Social Media Discovery
Is the Patent Litigation Boom Coming to an End?
What's Next in Design Patents
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This module explores the external facing and strategic aspects of leadership and management in education, including the impact of environmental and internal organisational factors, leadership theories, perspectives and values, leading change strategy and collaboration and partnerships. By taking an experiential learning and reflective practitioner approach this module helps you to examine current issues and concerns in your own practice settings and to be involved in peer collaborative learning. The module uses a blend of learning methods and includes a printed Reader containing material by major authors in the field and a DVD providing UK and international examples of leadership practice.
Registration closes 17/09/15 (places subject to availability)
This module enables you to explore current thinking on educational leadership and management, and encourages effective integration of theory and practice in developing your leadership skills. Designed to meet the professional development needs of teachers, middle and senior managers, and others working in educational and related organisations, the module will develop your understanding of educational leadership themes and concepts, as well as your skills of critical reflection, analysis and communication. You do not need to have a designated leadership post to benefit from this module.
This module will enable you to develop your:
Online group activities are an integral part of the module, closely linked to the assignments, enabling you to learn interactively, working with other students and your tutor. The audio-visual material is designed to extend your understanding of practice beyond your own personal setting, to help you draw on alternative contexts and perspectives to reflect on and develop your own practice, and develop your understanding of the importance and value of diversity and cross-cultural/national perspectives in educational leadership.
The assignments will enable you to apply what you learn to your own professional context. The end-of- module assignment (which takes the place of an examination) is a small scale leadership project that will both develop you as a leader and benefit your organisation.
This module is designed to meet the needs of a wide range of practitioners both in the UK and more widely, from primary phase teachers through to college lecturers, heads of department, head teachers, those working in early years and youth work settings, and more specialised educational practitioners.
National Professional Qualification for Headship (NPQH) applicants who hold the Master of Arts in Education (Leadership and Management) or the Master in Education (Leadership and Management) can use their prior learning in their NPQH application.
This module can only be studied as part of a qualification (see below for the relevant qualifications).
You must hold a bachelors degree from a UK university or other recognised degree-awarding body, or a qualification at equivalent level.
A minimum score of 7 in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is recommended for students for whom English is not a first language. Please see their website for details.
If you have any doubt about the suitability of the module, please speak to an adviser.
E856 is an optional module in our:
E856 is one of the modules you must select if you want to name your degree MA in Education (Leadership and Management) or Master of Education (Leadership and Management).
Some postgraduate qualifications allow study to be chosen from other subject areas. We advise you to refer to the relevant qualification descriptions for information on the circumstances in which this module can count towards these qualifications because from time to time the structure and requirements may change.
Sometimes you will not be able to count a module towards a qualification if you have already taken another module with similar content. To check any excluded combinations relating to this module, visit our excluded combination finder or check with an adviser before registering.
As a student of The Open University, you should be aware of the content of the Module Regulations and the Student Regulations which are
available on our Essential documents website.
In this module you are expected to use a wide range of resources. Most of the study materials will be delivered as web pages, pdf files and web-based tools. Many tutorial and student-led discussions and activities will be carried out in text-based discussion forums online. To complement this interaction, some discussions and collaborative activities will take place as live events in our audio-conferencing environment, which combines voice, text and images.
We have tried to avoid using inaccessible resources, but some material that is core for the module may not be easily accessible if you use assistive technology. Some students may find the amount of reading from different sources challenging. In most cases there will be sufficient alternative activities and materials to enable you to complete assignments successfully. Where this is not the case, you will be given individual support by your tutor in collaboration with other University staff. Support for access to Library resources is available from the Library Helpdesk.
Written transcripts of any audio components and Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) versions of printed material are available. Some Adobe PDF components may not be available or fully accessible using a screen reader. Alternative formats of the study materials may be available in the future.
If you have particular study requirements please tell us as soon as possible, as some of our support services may take several weeks to arrange. Find out more about our services for disabled students.
Study material and activities are provided online only by means of a dedicated website which also provides access to a range of electronic tools, including real time conferencing and online forums. All the online video material is also supplied on DVD. You will be expected to search for other materials relevant to your assignments, and the module will provide you with help and guidance for your literature searching.
You will also be provided with access to Masters degree in Education qualification website, where additional guidance materials will be found.
You will need a computer with internet access to study this module as the study materials and activities are accessible via a web browser. Any other computer-based activities you will need to carry out, such as word processing, using spreadsheets, taking part in online forums, and submitting files to the university for assessment, are specified in the module materials. If any additional software is needed for these tasks it will either be provided or is freely available.
We recommend either of the following:
A netbook, tablet, smartphone or Linux computer that supports one of the browsers listed below may be suitable. The screen size should be at least 1024 (H) x 768 (W) pixels. If you intend to use one of these devices please ensure you have access to a suitable desktop or laptop computer in case you are unable to carry out all the module activities on your mobile device.
We recommend a minimum 1 Mbps internet connection and any of the following browsers:
Note: using the latest version for your browser will maximise security when accessing the internet. Using company or library computers may prevent you accessing some internet materials or installing additional software.
See our Skills for OU study website for further information about computing skills for study and educational deals for buying Microsoft Office software.
Your tutor will be responsible for assessing your assignments and providing detailed feedback on them. Tutor support will be provided both through group activities in online forums and real time online tutorials.
You will be expected to use the links on the E856 website to access articles and chapters relevant to your assignments and to use these and the University library's electronic search facilities to search for other materials relevant to your assignments.
Contact us if you want to know more about study with The Open University before you register.
The assessment details can be found in the facts box above.
You must use the online eTMA system to submit your tutor-marked assignments (TMAs) and the end-of-module assessment.
The details given here are for the module that starts in October 2015. We expect it to be available once a year.
To register a place on this course return to the top of the page and use the Click to register button.
The Open University is the world's leading provider of flexible, high quality distance learning. Unlike other universities we are not campus based. You will study in a flexible way that works for you whether you're at home, at work or on the move. As an OU student you'll be supported throughout your studies - your tutor or study adviser will guide and advise you, offer detailed feedback on your assignments, and help with any study issues. Tuition might be in face-to-face groups, via online tutorials, or by phone.
For more information about distance learning at the OU read Study explained.
See the satisfaction survey results for this course.
Find your personal contacts including your tutor and student support team:
For help and support relating to the University's computing resources:
For information, advice and guidance on using the library, referencing styles or finding journals, ebooks and articles for your assignments:
Please tell us where you live so that we can provide you with the most relevant information as you use this website.
If you are at a BFPO address please choose the country in which you would ordinarily be resident.


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