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Publications (143)675.92 Total impact
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Article: Metabolic Modeling of Muscle Metabolism Identifies Key Reactions Linked to Insulin Resistance Phenotypes[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. We utilize flux balance computational modeling to develop the first systems-level analysis of IR metabolism in fasted and fed states, and varying nutrient conditions. We systematically perturb the metabolic network to identify reactions that reproduce key features of IR-linked metabolism. While reduced glucose uptake is a major hallmark of IR, model-based reductions in either extracellular glucose availability or uptake do not alter metabolic flexibility, and thus are not sufficient to fully recapitulate IR-linked metabolism. Moreover, experimentally-reduced flux through single reactions does not reproduce key features of IR-linked metabolism. However, dual knockdowns of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), in combination with reduced lipid uptake or lipid/amino acid oxidation (ETFDH), does reduce ATP synthesis, TCA cycle flux, and metabolic flexibility. Experimental validation demonstrates robust impact of dual knockdowns in PDH/ETFDH on cellular energetics and TCA cycle flux in cultured myocytes. Parallel analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomics data in humans with IR and T2D demonstrates downregulation of PDH subunits and upregulation of its inhibitory kinase PDK4, both of which would be predicted to decrease PDH flux, concordant with the model. Our results indicate that complex interactions between multiple biochemical reactions contribute to metabolic perturbations observed in human IR, and that the PDH complex plays a key role in these metabolic phenotypes.01/2015; 4(3). DOI:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.12.012
Article: Objective: biochemical functionFrontiers in Genetics 07/2014; 5:210. DOI:10.3389/fgene.2014.00210
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ABSTRACT: Intratumor genetic heterogeneity reflects the evolutionary history of a cancer and is thought to influence treatment outcomes. Here we report that a simple PCR-based assay interrogating somatic variation in hypermutable polyguanine (poly-G) repeats can provide a rapid and reliable assessment of mitotic history and clonal architecture in human cancer. We use poly-G repeat genotyping to study the evolution of colon carcinoma. In a cohort of 22 patients, we detect poly-G variants in 91% of tumors. Patient age is positively correlated with somatic mutation frequency, suggesting that some poly-G variants accumulate before the onset of carcinogenesis during normal division in colonic stem cells. Poorly differentiated tumors have fewer mutations than well-differentiated tumors, possibly indicating a shorter mitotic history of the founder cell in these cancers. We generate poly-G mutation profiles of spatially separated samples from primary carcinomas and matched metastases to build well-supported phylogenetic trees that illuminate individual patients' path of metastatic progression. Our results show varying degrees of intratumor heterogeneity among patients. Finally, we show that poly-G mutations can be found in other cancers than colon carcinoma. Our approach can generate reliable maps of intratumor heterogeneity in large numbers of patients with minimal time and cost expenditure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 04/2014; 111(18). DOI:10.1073/pnas.1400179111 · 9.81 Impact Factor
Article: Reconstructing and Reprogramming the Tumor-Propagating Potential of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Developmental fate decisions are dictated by master transcription factors (TFs) that interact with cis-regulatory elements to direct transcriptional programs. Certain malignant tumors may also depend on cellular hierarchies reminiscent of normal development but superimposed on underlying genetic aberrations. In glioblastoma (GBM), a subset of stem-like tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) appears to drive tumor progression and underlie therapeutic resistance yet remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a core set of neurodevelopmental TFs (POU3F2, SOX2, SALL2, and OLIG2) essential for GBM propagation. These TFs coordinately bind and activate TPC-specific regulatory elements and are sufficient to fully reprogram differentiated GBM cells to "induced" TPCs, recapitulating the epigenetic landscape and phenotype of native TPCs. We reconstruct a network model that highlights critical interactions and identifies candidate therapeutic targets for eliminating TPCs. Our study establishes the epigenetic basis of a developmental hierarchy in GBM, provides detailed insight into underlying gene regulatory programs, and suggests attendant therapeutic strategies.Cell 04/2014; DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.030 · 33.12 Impact Factor
Article: To supplement or not to supplement: a metabolic network framework for human nutritional supplements.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Flux balance analysis and constraint based modeling have been successfully used in the past to elucidate the metabolism of single cellular organisms. However, limited work has been done with multicellular organisms and even less with humans. The focus of this paper is to present a novel use of this technique by investigating human nutrition, a challenging field of study. Specifically, we present a steady state constraint based model of skeletal muscle tissue to investigate amino acid supplementation's effect on protein synthesis. We implement several in silico supplementation strategies to study whether amino acid supplementation might be beneficial for increasing muscle contractile protein synthesis. Concurrent with published data on amino acid supplementation's effect on protein synthesis in a post resistance exercise state, our results suggest that increasing bioavailability of methionine, arginine, and the branched-chain amino acids can increase the flux of contractile protein synthesis. The study also suggests that a common commercial supplement, glutamine, is not an effective supplement in the context of increasing protein synthesis and thus, muscle mass. Similar to any study in a model organism, the computational modeling of this research has some limitations. Thus, this paper introduces the prospect of using systems biology as a framework to formally investigate how supplementation and nutrition can affect human metabolism and physiology.PLoS ONE 08/2013; 8(8):e68751. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0068751 · 3.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Experimental data exists for only a vanishingly small fraction of sequenced microbial genes. This community page discusses the progress made by the COMBREX project to address this important issue using both computational and experimental resources.PLoS Biology 08/2013; 11(8):e1001638. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001638 · 11.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Tissue engineering and molecular systems biology are inherently interdisciplinary fields that have been developed independently so far. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to tissue engineering and to molecular systems biology. Next, we highlight some prominent applications of systems biology techniques in tissue engineering. Finally, we outline research directions that can successfully blend these two fields. Through these examples, we propose that experimental and computational advances in molecular systems biology can lead to predictive models of bioengineered tissues that enhance our understanding of bioengineered systems. In turn, the unique challenges posed by tissue engineering will usher in new experimental techniques and computational advances in systems biology.Annual review of biomedical engineering 07/2013; 15:55-70. DOI:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150120 · 12.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The functional characterization of Open Reading Frames (ORFs) from sequenced genomes remains a bottleneck in our effort to understand microbial biology. In particular, the functional characterization of proteins with only remote sequence homology to known proteins can be challenging, as there may be few clues to guide initial experiments. Affinity enrichment of proteins from cell lysates, and a global perspective of protein function as provided by COMBREX, affords an approach to this problem. We present here the biochemical analysis of six proteins from Helicobacter pylori ATCC 26695, a focus organism in COMBREX. Initial hypotheses were based upon affinity capture of proteins from total cellular lysate using derivatized nano-particles, and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Candidate genes encoding these proteins were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were purified and characterized biochemically and their biochemical parameters compared with the native ones. These proteins include a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase (HP0959), an ATPase (HP1079), an adenosine deaminase (HP0267), a phosphodiesterase (HP1042), an aminopeptidase (HP1037), and new substrates were characterized for a peptidoglycan deacetylase (HP0310). Generally, characterized enzymes were active at acidic to neutral pH (4.0-7.5) with temperature optima ranging from 35 to 55°C, although some exhibited outstanding characteristics.PLoS ONE 06/2013; 8(6):e66605. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0066605 · 3.53 Impact Factor
Article: An Aberrant Transcription Factor Network Essential for Wnt Signaling and Stem Cell Maintenance in Glioblastoma[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma (GBM) is thought to be driven by a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that self-renew and recapitulate tumor heterogeneity yet remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comparative analysis of chromatin state in GBM CSCs that reveals widespread activation of genes normally held in check by Polycomb repressors. These activated targets include a large set of developmental transcription factors (TFs) whose coordinated activation is unique to the CSCs. We demonstrate that a critical factor in the set, ASCL1, activates Wnt signaling by repressing the negative regulator DKK1. We show that ASCL1 is essential for the maintenance and in vivo tumorigenicity of GBM CSCs. Genome-wide binding profiles for ASCL1 and the Wnt effector LEF-1 provide mechanistic insight and suggest widespread interactions between the TF module and the signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate regulatory connections among ASCL1, Wnt signaling, and collaborating TFs that are essential for the maintenance and tumorigenicity of GBM CSCs.Cell Reports 05/2013; 3(5). DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.04.021 · 7.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background The dramatic reduction in the cost of sequencing has allowed many researchers to join in the effort of sequencing and annotating prokaryotic genomes. Annotation methods vary considerably and may fail to identify some genes. Here we draw attention to a large number of likely genes missing from annotations using common tools such as Glimmer and BLAST. Results By analyzing 1,474 prokaryotic genome annotations in GenBank, we identify 13,602 likely missed genes that are homologs to non-hypothetical proteins, and 11,792 likely missed genes that are homologs only to hypothetical proteins, yet have supporting evidence of their protein-coding nature from COMBREX, a newly created gene function database. We also estimate the likelihood that each potential missing gene found is a genuine protein-coding gene using COMBREX. Conclusions Our analysis of the causes of missed genes suggests that larger annotation centers tend to produce annotations with fewer missed genes than smaller centers, and many of the missed genes are short genes <300 bp. Over 1,000 of the likely missed genes could be associated with phenotype information available in COMBREX. 359 of these genes, found in pathogenic organisms, may be potential targets for pharmaceutical research. The newly identified genes are available on COMBREX's website. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Daniel Haft, Arcady Mushegian, and M. Pilar Francino (nominated by David Ardell).Biology Direct 10/2012; 7(1):37. DOI:10.1186/1745-6150-7-37 · 4.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The oral microbiome, the complex ecosystem of microbes inhabiting the human mouth, harbors several thousands of bacterial types. The proliferation of pathogenic bacteria within the mouth gives rise to periodontitis, an inflammatory disease known to also constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While much is known about individual species associated with pathogenesis, the system-level mechanisms underlying the transition from health to disease are still poorly understood. Through the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and of whole community DNA we provide a glimpse at the global genetic, metabolic, and ecological changes associated with periodontitis in 15 subgingival plaque samples, four from each of two periodontitis patients, and the remaining samples from three healthy individuals. We also demonstrate the power of whole-metagenome sequencing approaches in characterizing the genomes of key players in the oral microbiome, including an unculturable TM7 organism. We reveal the disease microbiome to be enriched in virulence factors, and adapted to a parasitic lifestyle that takes advantage of the disrupted host homeostasis. Furthermore, diseased samples share a common structure that was not found in completely healthy samples, suggesting that the disease state may occupy a narrow region within the space of possible configurations of the oral microbiome. Our pilot study demonstrates the power of high-throughput sequencing as a tool for understanding the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal disease. Despite a modest level of sequencing (~2 lanes Illumina 76 bp PE) and high human DNA contamination (up to ~90%) we were able to partially reconstruct several oral microbes and to preliminarily characterize some systems-level differences between the healthy and diseased oral microbiomes.PLoS ONE 06/2012; 7(6):e37919. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0037919 · 3.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: COMBREX (http://combrex.bu.edu) is a project to increase the speed of the functional annotation of new bacterial and archaeal genomes. It consists of a database of functional predictions produced by computational biologists and a mechanism for experimental biochemists to bid for the validation of those predictions. Small grants are available to support successful bids.Nucleic Acids Research 01/2011; 39(Database issue):D11-4. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkq1168 · 9.11 Impact Factor
Article: A Systems Biology Approach Identifies Inflammatory Abnormalities Between Mouse Strains Prior to Development of Metabolic Disease[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes and obesity are increasingly affecting human populations around the world. Our goal was to identify early molecular signatures predicting genetic risk to these metabolic diseases using two strains of mice that differ greatly in disease susceptibility. We integrated metabolic characterization, gene expression, protein-protein interaction networks, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry analyses of adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue of diabetes-prone C57BL/6NTac (B6) mice and diabetes-resistant 129S6/SvEvTac (129) mice at 6 weeks and 6 months of age. At 6 weeks of age, B6 mice were metabolically indistinguishable from 129 mice, however, adipose tissue showed a consistent gene expression signature that differentiated between the strains. In particular, immune system gene networks and inflammatory biomarkers were upregulated in adipose tissue of B6 mice, despite a low normal fat mass. This was accompanied by increased T-cell and macrophage infiltration. The expression of the same networks and biomarkers, particularly those related to T-cells, further increased in adipose tissue of B6 mice, but only minimally in 129 mice, in response to weight gain promoted by age or high-fat diet, further exacerbating the differences between strains. Insulin resistance in mice with differential susceptibility to diabetes and metabolic syndrome is preceded by differences in the inflammatory response of adipose tissue. This phenomenon may serve as an early indicator of disease and contribute to disease susceptibility and progression.Diabetes 11/2010; 59(11):2960-71. DOI:10.2337/db10-0367 · 8.47 Impact Factor
Article: Functional characterization of the YmcB and YqeV tRNA methylthiotransferases of Bacillus subtilis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Methylthiotransferases (MTTases) are a closely related family of proteins that perform both radical-S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) mediated sulfur insertion and SAM-dependent methylation to modify nucleic acid or protein targets with a methyl thioether group (-SCH(3)). Members of two of the four known subgroups of MTTases have been characterized, typified by MiaB, which modifies N(6)-isopentenyladenosine (i(6)A) to 2-methylthio-N(6)-isopentenyladenosine (ms(2)i(6)A) in tRNA, and RimO, which modifies a specific aspartate residue in ribosomal protein S12. In this work, we have characterized the two MTTases encoded by Bacillus subtilis 168 and find that, consistent with bioinformatic predictions, ymcB is required for ms(2)i(6)A formation (MiaB activity), and yqeV is required for modification of N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A) to 2-methylthio-N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) in tRNA. The enzyme responsible for the latter activity belongs to a third MTTase subgroup, no member of which has previously been characterized. We performed domain-swapping experiments between YmcB and YqeV to narrow down the protein domain(s) responsible for distinguishing i(6)A from t(6)A and found that the C-terminal TRAM domain, putatively involved with RNA binding, is likely not involved with this discrimination. Finally, we performed a computational analysis to identify candidate residues outside the TRAM domain that may be involved with substrate recognition. These residues represent interesting targets for further analysis.Nucleic Acids Research 10/2010; 38(18):6195-205. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkq364 · 9.11 Impact Factor
Article: Predicting malaria interactome classifications from time-course transcriptomic data along the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Even though a vaccine for malaria infections has been under intense study for many years, it has resisted several different lines of attack attempted by biologists. More than half of Plasmodium proteins still remain uncharacterized and therefore cannot be used in clinical trials. The task is further complicated by the metamorphic life-cycle of the parasite, which allows for rapid evolutionary changes and diversity among related strains, thus making precise targeting of the appropriate proteins for vaccination a technical challenge. We propose an automated method for predicting functions for the malaria parasite, which capitalizes on the importance of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle data and expression changes during its five phases, as determined computationally by our segmentation algorithm. Our method combines temporal gene expression profiles with protein-protein interaction data, sequence similarity scores, and metabolic pathway information to produce a set of predicted protein functions that can be used as targets for vaccine development. We use a Bayesian approach, which assigns a probability of having (or not having) a particular function to each protein, given the various sources of evidence. In our method, each data source is represented by either a functional linkage graph or a categorical feature vector. The methods are tested on Plasmodium falciparum, the species responsible for the deadliest malaria infections. The algorithm was able to assign meaningful functions to 628 out of 1439 previously unannotated proteins, which are first-choice candidates for experimental vaccine research. We conclude that analyzing time-course gene expression profiles in separate phases leads to much higher prediction accuracy when compared with Pearson correlation coefficients computed across the time course as a whole. Additionally, we demonstrate that temporal expression profiles alone are able to improve the predictive power of the integrated data.Artificial intelligence in medicine 07/2010; 49(3):167-76. DOI:10.1016/j.artmed.2010.04.013 · 1.36 Impact Factor
- Nature Chemical Biology 01/2010; 6(1):4-5. DOI:10.1038/nchembio.288 · 13.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Aberrant activation of signaling pathways drives many of the fundamental biological processes that accompany tumor initiation and progression. Inappropriate phosphorylation of intermediates in these signaling pathways are a frequently observed molecular lesion that accompanies the undesirable activation or repression of pro- and anti-oncogenic pathways. Therefore, methods which directly query signaling pathway activation via phosphorylation assays in individual cancer biopsies are expected to provide important insights into the molecular "logic" that distinguishes cancer and normal tissue on one hand, and enables personalized intervention strategies on the other. We first document the largest available set of tyrosine phosphorylation sites that are, individually, differentially phosphorylated in lung cancer, thus providing an immediate set of drug targets. Next, we develop a novel computational methodology to identify pathways whose phosphorylation activity is strongly correlated with the lung cancer phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of classifying lung cancers based on multi-variate phosphorylation signatures. Highly predictive and biologically transparent phosphorylation signatures of lung cancer provide evidence for the existence of a robust set of phosphorylation mechanisms (captured by the signatures) present in the majority of lung cancers, and that reliably distinguish each lung cancer from normal. This approach should improve our understanding of cancer and help guide its treatment, since the phosphorylation signatures highlight proteins and pathways whose phosphorylation should be inhibited in order to prevent unregulated proliferation.PLoS ONE 11/2009; 4(11):e7994. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0007994 · 3.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Length variation in short tandem repeats (STRs) is an important family of DNA polymorphisms with numerous applications in genetics, medicine, forensics, and evolutionary analysis. Several major diseases have been associated with length variation of trinucleotide (triplet) repeats including Huntington's disease, hereditary ataxias and spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Using the reference human genome, we have catalogued all triplet repeats in genic regions. This data revealed a bias in noncoding DNA repeat lengths. It also enabled a survey of repeat-length polymorphisms (RLPs) in human genomes and a comparison of the rate of polymorphism in humans versus divergence from chimpanzee. For short repeats, this analysis of three human genomes reveals a relatively low RLP rate in exons and, somewhat surprisingly, in introns. All short RLPs observed in multiple genomes are biallelic (at least in this small sample). In contrast, long repeats are highly polymorphic and some long RLPs are multiallelic. For long repeats, the chimpanzee sequence frequently differs from all observed human alleles. This suggests a high expansion/contraction rate in all long repeats. Expansions and contractions are not, however, affected by natural selection discernable from our comparison of human-chimpanzee divergence with human RLPs. Our catalog of human triplet repeats and their surrounding flanking regions can be used to produce a cost-effective whole-genome assay to test individuals. This repeat assay could someday complement SNP arrays for producing tests that assess the risk of an individual to develop a disease, or become part of personalized genomic strategy that provides therapeutic guidance with respect to drug response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10/2009; 106(40):17095-100. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0907112106 · 9.81 Impact Factor
Article: Integration of heterogeneous expression data sets extends the role of the retinol pathway in diabetes and insulin resistance[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: MOTIVATION: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that involves both environmental and genetic factors. To understand the genetics of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, the DIabetes Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP) was launched to profile gene expression in a variety of related animal models and human subjects. We asked whether these heterogeneous models can be integrated to provide consistent and robust biological insights into the biology of insulin resistance. RESULTS: We perform integrative analysis of the 16 DGAP data sets that span multiple tissues, conditions, array types, laboratories, species, genetic backgrounds and study designs. For each data set, we identify differentially expressed genes compared with control. Then, for the combined data, we rank genes according to the frequency with which they were found to be statistically significant across data sets. This analysis reveals RetSat as a widely shared component of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and sensitivity and adds to the growing importance of the retinol pathway in diabetes, adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Top candidates obtained from our analysis have been confirmed in recent laboratory studies.Bioinformatics 09/2009; 25(23):3121-7. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp559 · 4.62 Impact Factor
Article: Seeing the forest for the trees: using the Gene Ontology to restructure hierarchical clustering[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Motivation: There is a growing interest in improving the cluster analysis of expression data by incorporating into it prior knowledge, such as the Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of genes, in order to improve the biological relevance of the clusters that are subjected to subsequent scrutiny. The structure of the GO is another source of background knowledge that can be exploited through the use of semantic similarity. Results: We propose here a novel algorithm that integrates semantic similarities (derived from the ontology structure) into the procedure of deriving clusters from the dendrogram constructed during expression-based hierarchical clustering. Our approach can handle the multiple annotations, from different levels of the GO hierarchy, which most genes have. Moreover, it treats annotated and unannotated genes in a uniform manner. Consequently, the clusters obtained by our algorithm are characterized by significantly enriched annotations. In both cross-validation tests and when using an external index such as protein–protein interactions, our algorithm performs better than previous approaches. When applied to human cancer expression data, our algorithm identifies, among others, clusters of genes related to immune response and glucose metabolism. These clusters are also supported by protein–protein interaction data. Contact: email@example.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.Bioinformatics 07/2009; 25(14):1789-95. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp327 · 4.62 Impact Factor
Top Journals
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Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- • Department of Biomedical Engineering
- • Center for Advanced Biotechnology
- • Department of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
New England BiolabsIpswich, Massachusetts, United States
Boston Children's HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, United States
Hewlett-PackardPalo Alto, California, United States
University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, Massachusetts, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Computer Science


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- longsword
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Class this week: 11/3/2014 - 11/7/2014
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Each year brings a new set of strengths and challenges at the junior collegiate basketball level, and seventh-ranked Anoka-Ramsey is not exempt from them....Read More
Golden Rams
Anoka-Ramsey Community College mens basketball earned a trip to nationals for only the second time in program history. The No. 4 (MCAC South Division) seeded Golden Rams (23-8) upset three higher ranked teams to win the MCAC/Region XIII Tournament on its home court in Coon Rapids....Read More
Anoka-Ramsey Community College men's basketball team won both games at the season-opening Tri-State Classic, hosted by the Coon Rapids-based community college Nov. 8-9....Read More
One year after making it the National Junior College Athletic Association's Division III National Tournament, the Anoka-Ramsey Community College women's soccer team is once again making progress toward the ultimate goal: a national championship....Read More
Anoka-Ramsey Community College sophomore Tacita Gonzalez didn't think she would play competitive basketball again....Read More
Anoka-Ramsey Community College fast pitch softball looks to build off a record-setting 2011 with even loftier goals this spring....Read More


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Planned Parenthood is finding that the label "pro-choice" is too limiting and is searching for new language:
"I'm neither pro-choice nor pro-life," said one woman in a focus group commissioned by Planned Parenthood. "I'm pro-whatever-the-situation is." Said another, "there should be three: pro-life, pro-choice and something in the middle that helps people understand circumstances [...] It's not just back or white, there's grey." A recent research push by the organization found that large numbers of Americans feel this way — uncomfortable with both the pro-life and pro-choice labels. And so Planned Parenthood's newest messaging will be moving away from the language of choice. [Read more...]


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Middle Atlantic Planetarium Society
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (December 2007)
The Middle Atlantic Planetarium Society is a not-for-profit professional organization of planetarium manufacturers, equipment suppliers, and personnel working in planetariums. It was founded in 1965. The society publishes a quarterly journal, The Constellation, and holds annual conferences, usually in May. (In 2007 the conference was held in October, jointly with two other regional planetarium associations.) In addition, regional meetings are held under the name 'Armand Spitz Memorial Regional Conference'. The society covers planetariums located in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. The society is a regional member organization of the International Planetarium Society. The Fall 2004 issue of The Constellation, page 5, listed all persons who had held office to that date, as well as recipients of the Distinguished Service Award. Membership is open to anyone interested in the planetarium profession; dues are currently $25 per year. Details are on the Web site.


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Inspired by his dealings with Hollywood's leading men, Josh Reed sought out to create a brand of men's ball caps and essentials he calls "attainable luxury." For instance, a slew of minimalist, yet stylish caps are emblazoned with a variety of military-inspired iconography. All boast a pre-curved brim and a patented elastic band for the perfect fit. If it were up to Reed, you'd be wearing these caps with everything from a tuxedo to a T-shirt — and frankly, there's no reason you shouldn't. And to that end, Gents is also responsible for made-in-the-USA slim-fit, v-neck, crew and baseball tees, to keep your undercover stealth-wealth look in perma-shape. Take it from a guy who's travelled the world with greats such as Brad Pitt, Orlando Bloom, and Matthew McConaughey: Looking good requires little more than a few well-cut staples.
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Also known as: Replication Cycle
The sequence of events required for HIV to replicate. There are seven steps in the HIV life cycle: 1) fusion; 2) reverse transcription; 3) integration; 4) transcription; 5) translation; 6) budding; 7) maturation.
See Related Term(s): Budding, Fusion, Integration, Reverse Transcription, Viral Replication


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The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
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Tying an Intruder
Submitter:Martin Joergensen
|More great articles on The Global FlyFisher
|A couple of random articles
Better fishing pictures: Use a tripodIf you want really sharp fishing images there's no avoiding some kind support for your camera. A steady tripod is the best solution and the one that you see pros using, but there are other ways of supporting your camera as GFF partner Martin Joergensen explains here.
June 1st 2006


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Blue Sky Social
- Business & Professional
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Author Talks: Sapphire
Chicago Tribune - Trib Nation
Monday, August 8, 2011 at 6:30 PM (CDT)
Author Talks: Sapphire, author of 'Push'
Chicago Tribune Literary Editor Elizabeth Taylor and Sapphire discuss her new novel "The Kid," in which she continues the "Push" storyline through the life of Abdul Jones, son of heroine Precious. A book signing and reception will follow.
When: Aug. 8, 2011, 6:30 p.m.
Location: Chase Auditorium
10 South Dearborn Street Chicago
Chicago, IL 60603
Tickets: $25
Sapphire is the author of two collections of poetry and the best-selling novel Push. The film adaption of her novel, Precious (2009) received the Academy Award for Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress, in addition to the Grand Jury Prize and Audience Awards in the U.S. Dramatic Competition at Sundance. In 2009 she was a recipient of a United States Artist Fellowship. She lives in New York City.
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3x59 minutes
China: home to a fifth of the world's population, the newly-minted superpower will soon be the largest economy on earth. Yet it remains little understood in the West. This three-part documentary offers a bold step towards overturning that ignorance. With the most sumptuous production values, it skilfully glides from historical enquiry to current analysis in a deep yet accessible tour de force. Timely, comprehensive, and magisterial.
82/52 minutes
A man loses his leg in an accident. Another man accidentally buys it at a North Carolina auction. The story only gets stranger from there. It is rare to find a truly laugh-out-loud doc, but as this expertly crafted narrative delves into lives that are forever changed when a crazy small-town feud becomes a national media circus, the result is both hilarious and tragic. An astonishing, stranger-than-fiction tale of greed, ego and redemption.
80/52 minutes
At 26 Yigal Amir assassinated prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, Israel's great hope for peace with Palestine. He was condemned to rot in prison for the rest of his days. Enter Larisa Tremblova, a Russian academic who had settled in Israel with her children and who was moved to pity for the young murderer. This poetic documentary follows the love affair that developed between mother and murderer and which attracted the collective ire of the Israeli people.
82/55 minutes
British culture and binge drinking. Two phrases that are uttered in the same breath with alarming frequency. When did alcohol come to play such a central role in UK society? And why can't Brits show the same restraint that seems to come naturally to its continental neighbours? A Royal Hangover argues that Britain is only now waking up and taking stock of its decades-long over-indulgence and argues its high time for an intervention.
While the Nuba men make war with the Sudanese government, their children look on in fear and confusion. Eleven year old Madina dreams of a brighter future but for her people a brighter future is so far off. This region of Sudan contains one of the world's most hidden wars and in this doc it's the children's perspective that defines the storytelling.
72/55 minutes
Three immigrant stories interlace to offer a portrait of the brave souls who leave Africa for Europe but who always stay connected with home. We rarely see immigrants on the move as humans. Do they have lives separate from the process of immigration? But in fact in a globalised, connected world immigrants are as we are. As the narrative unfolds we learn that each of the three characters has motivations very similar to those that drive us.
89/54 minutes
An artist paints a caricature of South African president Jacob Zuma with a huge exposed penis. It provokes a lawsuit, death threats, and a massive street protest. Around this painting and it's vandalisation, a kaleidoscope of stories about art, race, and freedom of expression bear witness to the challenge of working in a country that has so far spectacularly failed to uphold its idealistic bill of rights. An exuberant account of the contradictions native to this troubled land.
72/52 minutes
Los Aldeanos' hard-hitting lyrics resonate with the discontented Cuban population, but they get no airtime on the country's radio or television channels. Their fans face abuse bordering on persecution by the police, on a day to day basis. What do the authorities fear? Filmed at great risk to the crew, Viva Cuba Libre casts an unflinching eye over the troubling reality of modern-day Cuba.
84/53 minutes
In the fashion world, Isabelle Caro was known as the face of shocking campaign NO-Anorexia. But what is the story behind the woman whose emaciated body adorned Oliviero Toscanis billboards? Looking above and beyond her illness, FEMMEfille turns back the clock on Isabelle's troubled life and reveals the true desires and ambitions of a young woman struggling to overcome her childhood trauma and enter the adult world.
66/52 minutes
Lacey Schwartz grew up convinced she was white. She has copper skin, black curls, and full lips - features which distinguish her instantly from her pale Jewish parents. Throughout her childhood her differences set her apart. But it wasn't until she was 18 that she learned the truth: her real father was black. Eight years in the making and put together by Lacey herself, Little White Lie tells the compelling story of an uncomfortable, unacknowledged truth.
78/52 minutes
Settlement expansion in Palestine is out of control - now we need to speak about the One State Solution! Is the patchwork of remaining Palestinian land now so fragmented it could never form a viable future state? This incisive film asks whether the settlers have finally destroyed any chance of anything but a single homogeneous Palestinian Jewish state.
It sounds like a crazy idea: a handful of South African mercenaries sets out to tackle piracy right at its source. They ignore international objections as well as a UN arms embargo in order to train, and lead, a private antipiracy militia in Northeast Somalia. On their first mission, disaster strikes. Yet they choose to persevere. And somehow this utterly unexpected film becomes a testament to human grit - and foolishness - in a land beyond the rule of law.
89/52 minutes
What makes a school shooter? That is the question that Alexander Oey's documentary asks itself in an attempt to explain the most violent school shooting in Finland's history. Through the words of those who knew him and extraordinary images of Jokela, the sleepy town which became the tragic stage for his actions, we relive the last moments in the life of Pekka, the 18-year-old shooter.
Greece, 15 minutes
This behind the scenes report charts the rise and rise of Syriza in the run up to their historic win at the Greek polls. Intimate access to party activists and leaders reveals how the anti-austerity party won over Greece in 22 days.
Europe, 80/52 minutes
As a Greek default looms, this powerful film investigates the potential fallout of the financial and political collapse of the EU. Flitting between fictional sequences and interviews with commentators, politicians and ordinary people, it shows us the stakes and the possible consequences of the EU's collapse, and asks: what can we do to save it?
Syria, 26 minutes
At the same time that ISIL brutally executed 5 men from the UK and US last year, they released and returned 15 European hostages from the same cell in Syria. So why is it that ISIL spare some lives over others?
Ukraine, 12 minutes
Over 6500 people have been killed and almost a million displaced 18 months into the civil war in the Ukraine. With unprecedented access this report takes us to forces on both sides of the ceasefire.
Tunisia, 47 minutes
In Tunisia, ultra-conservative Islamists known as Salafists want the country to be run along strict Koranic lines. Their influence is growing and the democratic government is struggling to assert its authority.
World, 5 minutes
While hand-held mobile conversations are largely illegal, hands-free conversations are still allowed worldwide. But now research suggests there might be more risk involved in car conversations than we realise.
Iraq, 26 minutes
ISIL is a real and growing threat. But how and why are they so successful? This comprehensive report explores the formation of the group and the process by which it has been funded, armed and equipped.


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text: Search results Listings are for East Coast. For local listings, Enter zip code or Sign in Go Display: All Results TV Shows Movies Actors Directors Only show HD Only show new episodes We found the following shows with actor/director: "Jessica Yu" in the next 14 days. Grey's Anatomy Next episode: Stand by Me Mon 7/6 3:00 PM 5 LIFE (Cbl) 1 hour TV-14 Meredith tries to convince Derek to come back to work; Mark attempts a face transplant surgery; Izzie tries to keep her medical condition a secret. View in TV Listings 1-Click Record 1-Click Season Pass Record with options


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Co-Creating Our Reality (CCOR) is a global community (140 countries) putting the law of attraction and other universal laws to the test
178 members11034 Comments 11 Likes
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Started by Kenneth Morgan in Share your MANIFESTATIONS!!!! Jun 23. 0 Replies 0 Likes
I will share mine, I have many but this one sticks out because it happen when I had just learned about the law of attraction. I have no idea what I did but it worked, then again looking back I do…Continue
Tags: stories, story, happy, attraction, of
Started by Michele Rose in Book recommendations. Last reply by Kenneth Morgan Jun 23. 15 Replies 1 Like
I love to read but don't know what books to read to help me on my 100 day challenge I'm hoping that there are any recommendation of books I have read the serect. I just want something more indephe.…Continue
Started by Aeroney in Practices and Principles. Last reply by Seadragon Jun 21. 70 Replies 0 Likes
I luv Jason Mraz song - Im Yours. Lyrics are inspirational and the beat is really light and fun.How bout everyone else?Continue
Tags: fun, motivation, inspiration, songs
Started by jd quinitchette in Ideas & Suggestions Jun 19. 0 Replies 0 Likes
RESET Food PlanDr. John Cassone is a holistic M.D., and I am going to start his RESET food plan tomorrow.I've…Continue
Started by Flower Essences CK in Book recommendations. Last reply by fahidhasan Jun 16. 2 Replies 0 Likes
I all sorts of aches and pain on the right side of my body. Been for a long time.Its from upper back- then shifts to lower back and as well down the leg. This is probably all muscular etc.I am going…Continue
Started by joemorrow in Book recommendations. Last reply by fahidhasan Jun 16. 2 Replies 1 Like
More Maine Snowshoe Tracks: Core Maine | Snowshoe Magazine Ok, off to the woods we proceed, leaving your coast place and its particular beautiful peninsulas at the rear of. You'll would like strong…Continue
Started by Bettina in Introduce yourself!. Last reply by ElizaSmith Jun 15. 27 Replies 3 Likes
Hi you all !I'm the new admin, helping Lilou with this website. If you have questions, please don't hesitate to reach out. …Continue
Started by Leora cohen Zagrun in Ideas & Suggestions Jun 12. 0 Replies 0 Likes
Started by joemorrow in Book recommendations Jun 1. 0 Replies 0 Likes
Carry out or Don'capital t: Coming back again something special Your Person Ordered In your case?: Charisma.net You shouldn't have. Truly. To send back you aren't to go back? That is the question…Continue
Started by joemorrow in Book recommendations Jun 1. 0 Replies 0 Likes
5 Items you Shouldn't Perform After having a Breakup: Charisma.internet Many of us manage break ups in your individual approach. A lot of people chuck themselves straight into operate; some people…Continue
Started by joemorrow in Book recommendations Jun 1. 0 Replies 0 Likes
Atlas Race and Operate Snowshoes Deliver a whole new Degree of Efficiency to the Snow | Snowshoe Journal Atlas technical engineers attracted creativity from your experts of the Atlas Sporting Crew…Continue
Started by kellie boden in Introduce yourself!. Last reply by Heather May 28. 1 Reply 1 Like
Hi everyone this is my 2nd season day 1 and I'm determined. To do the full 100 days I'm feeling optimistic I'm Kellie 39. Years old from Middlesbrough in the UK I'm into crystals the law of…Continue
Tags: #happy#optimistic
Started by Princess in Book recommendations. Last reply by Jasmine Russell May 7. 4 Replies 0 Likes
How to visualise your soulmate without ending up imagining a particular person e.g. Tom Cruise
Started by Wayne Cruz in Book recommendations. Last reply by Wayne Cruz Feb 14. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Official site of the Author JA Perez. Books, reflections and Bible studies.Continue
Tags: evangelist, Perez, Ja
Started by Princess in Book recommendations. Last reply by Princess Feb 8. 2 Replies 1 Like
Hi co creators; I learned that it is very important to control your subconscious mind in order to achieve your goals; can anyone guide me in how to control your sub consists mind successfully. There…Continue
Started by Jenna in Book recommendations. Last reply by ouzhenyang Dec 27, 2014. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Has anyone had the pleasure of reading this book?I just finished it today and have to say that Sylvia does a wonderful job not only explaining the temples but also their purpose and meditations to…Continue
Started by Kathleen in Book recommendations. Last reply by ouzhenyang Dec 27, 2014. 1 Reply 0 Likes
The Seeds of Compassion is a 5 day conference happening in Seattle this weekend. It's focus is on laying the groundwork of compassion in our youngest citizens, our children. The main speaker is the…Continue
Tags: compassion, of, dalai, lama, seeds
Started by Allison K. in Introduce yourself!. Last reply by Etta Nov 25, 2014. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Can someone please explain to me how this works. I joined 2 years ago and just remembered about it today. So glad I did. Are there any specific steps I need to take for day 1?Continue
Started by Margarita AE in Practices and Principles. Last reply by Margarita AE Nov 12, 2014. 6 Replies 0 Likes
I read the Joe Vitale book about this (I think the name in English is "Zero limits"). A friend recommended it to me and it is interesting even when tIt is a Hawaian practice that is about repeating…Continue
What would happen if you recorded yourself for 100 days as you put Universal Laws & Principles into practice? Laws such as: the Law of Attraction, Law of Deliberate Creation and the Law of Allowing, Law of Action, etc. - Click here to learn how to get started.
Participants begin by declaring what they want to attract into their lives and for the next 100 days. Results include cars, new careers, business partners, money, parking spots,.... But most of all, participants claim a significant increase in confidence, energy, support and clarity.
And as this community expands, the power of the group is also growing and participants are reaching unprecedented levels of manifestations, joy and fulfillment. We are now a global community (140 countries) of co-creators committed to manifesting the highest vision for our lives and our world.
Here is an easy guide and steps to get you started on your journey!
1. SIGN UP ON THIS WEBSITE (on right side of this page)
2. Set up a date by which you want to start your Season 1 of the 100 Day Reality Challenge.
3. What are your intentions and goals for the next 100 Days?
4. Select the practices that you will apply for the next 100 days
5. Share your journey on blogs or videos blogs on this website, or both!
6. Invite friends to this network and socialize with other participant!
and VISIT GET STARTED tab and this page!!!!!
(FR) NOUVEAU: Le Defis des 100 jours en Francais vient d'etre mis en ligne
Posted by Alexandra Swann on June 30, 2015 at 4:42am 0 Comments 0 Likes
so, here's why not much exercising - I am quite sore at the minute, between arthritis and fibromyalgia, I am in the third week of a three week experimental treatment program for the fibromyalgia right now, I had started it earlier in the year but had to stop when my mum had that awful thing happen and I spent most of the year since in UK. I'll be back there again asap, mum is improving and since last thursday she can eat and drink ! YAY ! no more tube feeding ! :) Also, weekends clearing and…Continue
Posted by Bérénice on June 29, 2015 at 4:14pm 0 Comments 1 Like
Hi, i'm so happy, i wrinting for this realty challange, however, I not doing sport, but i eating vegetable, This week-end, i'm at's my brother, i enjoy the time with my immédiate family. I love the sun and summer.. ;) i learn great lesson, i think i must to be nice with me and other..I critize other because i'm never happy, i always talk…Continue
Posted by Mily So Cavaco on June 29, 2015 at 3:00pm 0 Comments 1 Like
Day 17 S1
As I said earlier, painting on walls and doors helped me healing and getting my life back. In the present, I've been happily busy on this project with a friend's daughter. I'm thankful that her mom let us play with a wall. I admire her for raising her daughter on her own and for overcoming health issues. She is strong willed and inspiring.
Her daughter wanted a jungle for her room. So here we are, creating together. The most important…Continue
Posted by Bettina on June 29, 2015 at 3:00pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
Posted by Bettina on June 29, 2015 at 3:00pm 4 Comments 2 Likes
Thanks in advance and have a great day!
Bettina (admin)…Continue
Posted by Aeroney on June 29, 2015 at 9:19am 0 Comments 0 Likes
My Intention for this season is to manifest a better more joyful and balanced life over the next 100 days.
These are the areas I will be working on and the goals I am setting
Finances - financial stability
A safe and reliable car of my own
Debt Free
In credit for my bills
Independent income of $1000 a week minimum consistently, working from home around my kids
Happy and healthy…
Posted by DarknessCannotDriveOutDarkness on June 29, 2015 at 8:15am 0 Comments 1 Like
How many of us take time off with our bodies, but our minds are still at work, planning and fretting? I'd heard before that refusing to even think about anything relating to your money-making activities was very recharging, so I decided to give it a try. It made for a much less stressful weekend, especially Sunday, when I'm normally already thinking ahead to what's going to happen Monday. If you have time off, remember to take it with body AND mind, or you're not really giving yourself a…Continue
Posted by Let there be Light on June 29, 2015 at 1:11am 2 Comments 0 Likes
1-Zumba/Walking: I did zumba today in the morning. 20 minutes. I kinda gave up in the last song, gotta work or resistance and persistence.
2-Company: It was a nice week for this one! 1- I presented for 2 people; 2- went to weekly meeting ( I had to fight…Continue
Posted by Let there be Light on June 29, 2015 at 12:39am 1 Comment 0 Likes
Shhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh... I'll whisper this post to you...
Hello Dear Adventurous Brilliant Co-Creators,
Today I'll be addressing a big one this week: SLEEP.
This week I've been feeling some sleep issues. I spent the…Continue
Posted by Mily So Cavaco on June 28, 2015 at 11:30am 1 Comment 0 Likes
Day 16 S1
It has been a few years since I started this and although it may seem strange, it feels great! Few months earlier, I write a birthday card to myself. I congratulate what I dared to do, what I have achieved,... I send good vibes to myself and wish myself the best for the following year. After a while I totally forget what I wrote and rediscover this on my birthday.
Believe it or not, it has the same…Continue
Posted by Jenifer Smith on June 28, 2015 at 1:31am 0 Comments 1 Like
Just Being
What does living from the Heart mean for me?
It means...
Epic gardening :) Yoga practice every day :) playing the piano every day :) a gig or two every now and then, so getting to sing with and be with my amazing musical colleagues :) No stress, no worries :) Going to Blue Bell Park with my doggy a few times a week :) Talking to and hanging out with my dear friends A LOT :) Practicing cuing the Journey Into Power sequence A LOT :) Feeling inspired by yoga :)…Continue
Posted by Seadragon on June 27, 2015 at 5:31pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
Posted by Mily So Cavaco on June 27, 2015 at 11:30am 2 Comments 1 Like
Day 15 S1
Yeay! I have attracted a new project and it's on going \O/ *joy* ... I'll be away for the week-end.
Wishing you a great happy day <3…Continue
Posted by Mily So Cavaco on June 26, 2015 at 2:04pm 0 Comments 3 Likes
Day 14 S 1
This was the most awesome kind of moment about co creating with teenagers. That happened with the opportunity to help a friend in a Senior trip about "discovering oneself".
At first, there was this girl who would have loved to create a dolphin with clay but she gave up after few minutes, really frustrated, and decided to create a cat.
Then I asked her: "but is this really what you want to create?". She said: "no but I…Continue
Posted by Bérénice on June 26, 2015 at 9:50am 1 Comment 2 Likes
Saison 1 Jour 1
Hi everywone ! I am Bérénice, I've 22 and I am French. Today I start my challenge, I want lose my weight, it's most important for me. I want clearing my negative energies and my cellular mémories , then i want beatiful holidays.
For 100 days, with the law of attraction and Law of délibérates création, and the law of allowing then Law of action.…Continue
Posted by GOODREAMS on June 26, 2015 at 7:28am 3 Comments 2 Likes
Posted by Bettina on June 26, 2015 at 4:32am 4 Comments 4 Likes
Posted by Blossoming Beauty on June 25, 2015 at 5:00pm 1 Comment 2 Likes
Soooo when The Secret first came out, I was fortunate enough to see the original version. The version with Esther Hicks (at the time I had no idea who she was and what she did or Abraham etc). The 2nd time I wanted to see it, someone lent me a copy and it did not have Esther Hicks in it...and it 'felt' different. So I started 'hoping' to find the one with that lady in…Continue
Posted by Mily So Cavaco on June 25, 2015 at 2:52pm 0 Comments 3 Likes
Day 13 S1
Since I've started the challenge, it has helped me to focus on reminding myself of all creative art things that help(ed) me along the way, that I was inspired or that helped others. It is bringing a feeling of happiness and love to me despite all "contrasts" I live around. I've been feeling "butterflies in my belly" like when we fall in love... I might be falling in love with life. It really is helping me because it helps me to focus on where I …Continue
Posted by DarknessCannotDriveOutDarkness on June 25, 2015 at 9:48am 1 Comment 3 Likes
It's easy to get caught up in the money-making side of your life. Especially when you're not feeling well, like I am, and don't have much energy to start with. On the way home last night, I was worried I wouldn't be able to stay present for my g/f that evening. Then, I called out a challenge to life, saying 'you're not going to get the best of me!' Just declaring my determination helped me realize I had more strength left then I was aware of. It wasn't exactly a high-energy evening, but at…Continue
Hi,you all!
I'm the new admin, helping Lilou with this website. If you have questions, please don't hesitate to reach out.
Love, Bettina
… we all will be stronger and closer to our goals by the end of our season.
Created by Bettina Jan 27, 2013 at 7:53pm. Last updated by Bettina Jan 27, 2013.
© 2015 Created by Lilou.


text:
Search the collections
Where is it from?
- A Place & Date Depicted Bendigo, Australia
Similar items over time
Negative - Bendigo, Victoria, circa 1930 Reg. No: MM 003718
- Description Of Content:
- A wrestler in a gymnasium.
- Acquisition Information:
- Copied from Tom Chalkley, 1987
- Acknowledgement:
- The Biggest Family Album of Australia, Museum Victoria
More information
|Tagged with:
|gymnastics, sport, wrestling
|Themes this item is part of:
|Images & Image Making Collection, Leisure Collection, The Biggest Family Album in Australia Collection
|Primary Classification:
|People Depicted:
|Maher, Vin
|Negative: Black & White; 35 mm
|Place & Date Depicted:
|Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, circa 1930
This item is part of the following themes:
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text:
Realtors have one year to complete first cycle of ethics training
Published: Saturday, January 17, 2004 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, January 16, 2004 at 4:25 p.m.
By the end of the year, all members of the National Association of Realtors must successfully complete a two-and-a-half hour course in ethics, according to a NAR policy established in 2001.
As members of NAR, Realtors subscribe to a strict code of ethics, designed to set them apart from other real estate practitioners.
The policy requires that licensed Realtors take ethics training within a given four-year cycles and continue to update their education in successive four-year periods thereafter.
The first four-year cycle ends Dec. 31, 2004.
New members are to take ethics training upon becoming Realtors.
"The goal of the training is to ensure that new members are familiar with, and experienced members get a refresher course in, the code of ethics and its established principles," said Walt McDonald, NAR president and broker-owner of Walt McDonald Real Estate, Riverside, Calif. "It also lets homebuyers and sellers know they can rely on real estate professionals who are educated in and abide by a strict code of ethics."
"A prescribed code of ethics is what separates professionals from other practitioners in any field of endeavor. Our strict code of ethics is the prime reason that real estate professionals join the National Association of Realtors. Real estate licensees who join NAR and subscribe to our Code of Ethics are the only professionals who may call themselves Realtors," McDonald said.
The ethics training tests Realtors on general business ethics, NAR code of ethics concepts, identifying code violations and enforcement of professional standards.
The tests are conducted by local Realtor associations on their own or with other associations, and through other methods such as home study, correspondence and Internet-based courses.
Realtors who complete the training during a given four-year cycle are not required to complete further training during the same cycle, even if they join another association.
New members who complete a code of ethics course upon being admitted to their local association do not have to complete additional training until the next four-year cycle.
Failure to complete the ethics training is a violation of membership, and membership may be suspended until the training is completed.
To find out more information, as well as to access training materials and online courses, please go to www.realtor.org/COEtraining.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


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Search Engine Optimization (SEO) expert | Specialist in White Hat SEO
Bangladesh - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 6 - Portfolio: 2
I am offering keyword research, meta tag writing, SEO rankings monitoring, site auditing, social media optimization and link building. I am up to date with google search algorithm and other features and improving organic SEO rankings with my creative approach thorough research and analysis. I am providing only White-Hat & ethical SEO techniques that build your business on-line and become more profitable.
Experienced SEO, SMM, Social Media Manager, Search Engine Optimization
United States - Last active: 04/09/2014 - Tests: 19
With 17 years in the Customer Service industry in-house and in- field my job is to ensure a WIN-WIN for my clients, their clients and myself. I take pride in the detail oriented work I perform, always going over and beyond to ensure my clients satisfaction. I currently lead a small team of dedicated and passionate Internet Marketing Consultants that specialize in SEO (search engine optimization) and SMM ( social media marketing & management) for small and medium and large sized businesses, enabling them to compete with the leaders on the net. I have 14+ years experience as an SEO & SMM consultant. I provide references upon request as I believe your only as good as your results. My experience lies within the Internet Marketing field with SEO ( search engine optimization), SMM (social media marketing management ), Wordpress Design and many other facets including detailed experience in UX (website usability). I have a combined 18 yrs of project management and team management. As you can see from my oDesk test results (hopefully I've updated them recently, ha!) I keep up on the latest and greatest SEO & Social techniques and my skill set is widely based. All of my work is done using the most ethical, white hat techniques to ensure the safety and success of my clients. Please don't hesitate to contact me with any questions. I look forward to working with you on your next project!
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Social Media Marketing
- Blog Writing
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Usability testing
Associated with: Howard SEM Group Agency
SEO Search Engine Optimization
Bangladesh - Last active: 5 days ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 2
Sir, I am very expert SEO project and I am SEO working 5 yeasr, Sir, I can do. SEO off page.Link Building Expert 1. High PR Search Engine Submissions. 2. High PR Directory Submission 3. High PR Business Listing. 4. High PR Profile Link Building. 5. High PR Social Bookmarking. 6. High PR Article Submission to Ezines & 200+. 7. High PR PR Submission to PR websites 200+. 8. High PR Blog / Mini website Creation. 9. High PR Blog / Mini website Submission to Directories. 10. High PR RSS Integration & Submission. 11. High PR Yahoo answering. SEO on page exper 01. Keyword Research Analysis 02. Heading Tags 03. Mata Tags 04. Meta Title 05. Meta Keyword 06. Meta Description 08. Website Structure Optimization- 09. W3C Validation 10. Metatarsi Optimization 11. Content Optimization 12. Image Optimization 13. Alt Tags 14. Site Map Creation 16. Site index in Google, Yahoo & Bing 17. Sitemap creating and upload +. Webmaster tools and analysis +. Sitemap submit in Google, Yahoo & Bing +. Robots.txt Creation +. RSS Feeds Creation +. Rss feed submission +. Google Tools Setup +. Website Analysis +. On page optimization in Wordpress +. On page optimization in Blogspot and other +. Content Writing +. Ping +. 301 redirect (canonical issues) +. URL Optimization +. Google analytics, Google webmaster tools etc. (yahoo/Bing etc.) +. HTML Formatting +. Complete Website Analysis +. Custom Pages Development & Website Structure With Links +. Image Optimization +. Internal Links optimization +. Local Search optimization Social Media 1. Facebook 2. Twitter 3. Google Plus 4. Linkedin 5. Hi5 6. Delicious 7. Digg 8. Twipic Thanks Kona biswas
Translation, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Copywriting, Composition
Greece - Last active: 10/25/2013 - Tests: 2 - Portfolio: 2
I was born in 1983. I am a native Greek and I've studied Ancient Greek and Roman History in the University of Thessaly. During my undergraduate studies I've earned 4 annual governmental scholarships and finally graduated in 2004 (First-class degree, i.e. 9.67/10). My post-graduate studies on ancient Christianity and its relationship with the Roman Empire ended in 2006 (First-class degree, i.e. 9.54/10) during which I've earned a two and a half years scholarship by the Onassis Public Benefit Foundation. I've studied English for about 10 years, obtaining the Cambridge First Certificate in English (in 1995) as well the Cambridge and Michigan Proficiency Certificate (both in (1997). During my studies I've often worked as a translator and SEO Copywriter for several Web design companies, something that gave me the opportunity to couple my current teaching and historical research profession with translation and SEO Copywriting services.
SEO | Search Engine Optimization, SEO, Off Page, Internet Marketing
India - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 2 - Portfolio: 2
||Guaranteed Rankings|| SEO|| Search Engine Optimization, SEO, Social Media Marketing - Proven track record. I am very good at what I do. I have a trained team of 26+ people working for me. I manage this team in a very professional manner and i get high quality work from them. We have a huge experience with Search Engine Optimization(SEO) and can handle many different types of websites. Our rates are very competitive and our work is very high quality. I speak good English and I can communicate via Email, Instant Messaging or with voice via Gtalk, Skype and Phone. Give us a try - You will not be disappointed
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- SEO Keyword Research
- Google search
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Internet Marketing
- Facebook Marketing
Associated with: T.G Solutions
Search Engine Optimization, Seo Expert, Panda and Penguin recovery ser
India - Last active: 9 days ago - Tests: 3 - Portfolio: 2
I have more than 10 years of experience in SEO i.e. Search Engine Optimization industry. I started providing SEO services in the SEO industry over 10 years ago. White Hat Organic SEO Services My organic SEO services are "white hat SEO" services which means that i use techniques encouraged by the search engines and do not engage in practices that could result in your website being banned from the search engine results. The complexities of search engine marketing can sometimes make it difficult "to see the wood for the trees" but supporting every successful organic SEO campaign are the following four cornerstones of effective SEO. 1. The creation of useful web page content, clearly themed and optimised for your target keywords. 2. A website structure that enables all your content to be found quickly by users and by search engines. 3. The promotion of your content, principally by link building, to ensure your content appears high up in the search results. 4. Monitoring, measurement and management.
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- On-Page Optimization
- Link Building
- Directory Submission
- Social bookmarking
- Social Media Marketing
- Off-page Optimization
- Content Writing
Associated with: Online Marketing
SEO PPC - 7 Yrs Exp. Top Search Engine Optimization SEO Consultant
India - Last active: 3 days ago - Tests: 3 - Portfolio: 4
I have 7+ years of experience in Internet Marketing & Search Engine Optimization. Specialties: • Keyword Analysis • On-Page Optimization: Meta Tags, Page Headings, Content optimization, Image Optimization, Hyperlink Optimization, Internal Linking, Robots.txt Creation and Validation, XML SiteMap Creation, Custom Error Page, 301 Redirect, SEO Friendly URL Structure , Keywords Optimization, HTML Sitemap, Search Engine Friendly Site Navigation, Error Free HTML Code, Free From Black Hat Elements, HyperLink Optimization etc. • Off Page Optimization (White Hat Penguin friendly) • Web Analytics • Pay Per Click PPC, Social Media Optimization SMO
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Link Building
- SEO Keyword Research
- SEO Backlinking
- On-Page Optimization
- Internet Marketing
- Off-page Optimization
- Social Media Marketing
- WordPress
Associated with: Star Micro Solutions Agency
Senior Software Localizer / e-commerce specialist
Denmark - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 7 - Portfolio: 1
Localization Experience: I have been working in the localization business since 1994, and I have experience from all areas in localization as I have worked as software localizer, localization engineer, testing and engineering manager, and project manager in a large localization agency, and I have been involved in both localization and internationalization projects at a large Danish software company as well. Self-employed: In 2001 I started word gallery togehter with my partner. Services: * Translation and localization services related to IT. English to Danish translation. * Linguistic services including quality assurance, creating style guides and glossaries * Online marketing services like keyword research, ad translation, content creation * Experience in SEO and CRO - we have been involved in a number of webshops and know the importance of well-written content with focus on driving traffic and converting visitors to customers. CAT Tools / Translation Tools / Localization Tools: * Microsoft LocStudio * Microsoft Helium * Microsoft LEAF * Smartling * Google Translator Toolkit * Lionbridge Translation Workbench / Geoworkz * Catalyst * memoQ
- Software Testing
- Translation
- Translation English Danish
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- SEO Keyword Research
- Localization


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Definition: This entry gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2014See also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 map
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The medicine cabinet and bathroom shelf offer great stock-up-and-save potential. You can often find coupon deals on shampoo, toothpaste, and sunscreen – or you can buy in bulk at the warehouse store. But will you be able to use it all before it expires? Does conditioner really expire, anyway? That's what we'll find out in this installment of our Use By series.
If you have extra space in the bathroom for your bulk buys, you're in luck. If not, check out other places in your home where you can store soap, dental floss, and other toiletries until you're ready to use them. Dresser drawers, closet shelves, and under the bed are all potential options.
Just as with canned foods, it's a good idea to date your purchases with a marker or label and use the oldest items first, and if a product looks or smells "off," don't use it – just toss it. Look out for deals on all your health and grooming supplies when you shop with Drugstore.com coupons.
Rather than becoming unsafe, many personal care items like acne creams and mosquito repellents simply lose their effectiveness or start drying out after their use-by date. Old toothbrushes and loofahs quickly become a haven for germs and should be replaced right on schedule. If an item carries an expiration date earlier than the chart recommendations below, go with the date on the product.
|How Long Will It Last?
|Storage Tips
|Acne Lotion
|1-2 years
|Store at room temperature
|Bar Soap
|Up to 3 years
|Store unopened bars in dry area
|Body wash
|3 years
|2 Years Unopened, 1 Year Open
|Razor blades
|3 shaves disposable, 1 week non-disposable
|Wipe blade after each shave to keep it sharper
|Facial cleansers and scrubs
|2 years unopened, 1 year open
|Hair gels, sprays, and other styling products
|2 years
|Hand sanitizer
|Until the printed expiration date
|Hydrogen peroxide
|1 year unopened, 3-6 months opened
|Replace if it no longer fizzes
|Insect repellent
|2 years
|Lip balm
|2-3 years
|Loofahs and mesh puffs
|3 weeks loofahs, 8 weeks mesh puffs
|Makeup remover
|6-12 months
|Moisturizing lotion
|3 years unopened, 2 years open
|Store antioxidant and retinol creams in a cool, dark place
|3 Years
|Nail polish remover
|3 years
|Otc medicines (antibiotic ointment, allergy tabs, pain relievers, etc.)
|Until the printed expiration date
|Rubbing alcohol
|3 years unopened, 2 years open
|Self tanning lotion
|Until the printed expiration date
|Old self-tanner can separate and cause uneven pigment
|Shampoo and conditioner
|2-3 years
|Keep water out of opened bottles
|Shaving cream
|2 years
|Until the printed expiration date
|Old sunscreen doesn't offer full protection
|3 months and after every illness
|2 years after manufacture
|Vitamin and mineral supplements
|Until the printed expiration date
If you overbuy and know you won't get through all of your products in time, consider donating some of your unopened, unexpired goods to a local emergency shelter. If you've got expired items on hand, they may still be good for something. There are countless suggestions online for reusing old items – here are a few to get you started.
Most expired medications, vitamins, and minerals should not be put down the sink or flushed because they can contaminate water systems. Instead, dump the pills out of their bottle and mix them with something to repel animals and children, like cat litter or coffee grounds, and then seal the mess in a bag to keep it out of groundwater.
Potentially addictive prescription medication such as Oxycontin, Percocet, and other controlled substances should be flushed to prevent anyone from getting hold of them. You can also return your expired meds to a participating pharmacy on one of the DEA's National Prescription Drug Take-Back Days.
We hope this post gives you a healthy perspective on how much bug spray and lip balm you can use – and how much to stock up on when you find a great deal. Got any questions or recommendations? Let us know below!
Add Your Comment


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Kenny Rogers says publishers told him to cut cosmetic surgery chapter from his book
Country legend Kenny Rogers had written about his cosmetic surgery in his new memoir, "Luck or Something Like It," but he says he was instructed to cut the chapter by his publishers.
RELATED: Plastic surgery transformations
The 74-year-old singer has gone under the knife several times over the years and previously admitted that he harbored regrets over the way the surgeries turned out.
RELATED: Who Said It? Country Music edition
He tells FoxNews.com, "I actually had written a whole segment on it, but the publishers said, 'Let's not do that. That's all people will talk about,' and this book is about my journey and my musical connections. It was a phase I went through. I improved myself. I didn't like the way he did my eyes, but I see all these other guys who have had it done and theirs are worse than mine. I'm not going to complain anymore."
RELATED: Hottest men in country music
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Stock Market & Financial Investment News
News Breaks
August 5, 2014
Panera slides following CFO resignation
Shares of fast casual restaurant operator Panera Bread (PNRA) are falling after the company announced that CFO Roger Mathews is resigning from his position. WHAT'S NEW: Panera Bread announced last night that Roger Matthews, executive vice president and CFO, resigned his position to pursue other opportunities. Effective August 6, Bill Moreton, the executive vice chairman of the company, will serve as Interim CFO as the company conducts a search for a full-time replacement. Moreton has previously held the positions of CEO, Co-CEO and CFO of Panera Bread. ANALYST OPINION: Commenting on the announcement, Oppenheimer analyst Brian Bittner said that while unforeseen management changes are never ideal for shareholders, he feels that this news is not worrisome. He said that shareholders should not perceive this announcement as a sign of declining financials or a new directional strategy. Bittner believes that long-term investors should think about purchasing Panera at current levels. The firm maintains an Outperform rating on the shares. Likewise, Bernstein analyst Sara Senatore said that Moreton has shown that he is a competent executive both in terms of operations and communications. The firm kept an Outperform rating on the stock. PRICE ACTION: During morning trading, shares of Panera were down $1.23, or 0.8%, to $149.80.
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34 year old woman | Midlothian, TX, USA | Seeking men 29-42 within 100 miles
A little rough around the edges...
I will be amazed if anyone actually reads this...but there are obviously some key points I need to hit: 1. I am a police officer. If you have a criminal record...use drugs (the legal and illegal kind), if you are confused about what drug use is...or if you expect to be indicted by the grand jury in the near future... We will NOT be a good match for each other. Yes yes...I know you were innocent, I'm certain the police planted the drugs on you, or you were set up, someone else did it... We are still NOT a match 2. I am 34 years old. I have children ages 9, 16 and 18. The older two are not biologically mine, FYI. If you are closer in age to any of them than you are to me, then move on. Yes yes, I know you're mature for "your" age...but you are probably not mature for MY age! 3. I'm not here for a hook up. Not my thing. Please don't send be a picture of your genitalia. I realize that you are sooooo very proud of it, but I don't want to see it before you even say "hi" to me. What you should know about me... I'm a no BS kind of girl. I'm very proactive in life. I "grab the bull by the horns" so to speak. Life is short, so I prefer to live every moment to it's fullest. I have a big mouth and speak whatever is on my mind. Growing up my dad would always tell me that I "let my alligator mouth outrun my humming bird behind." I'm not a fancy high maintenance girl. Don't get me wrong, I clean up great! But I'm happiest in jeans and flip flops, sitting on the back of a tail gate cooking out with friends. Anything else you wanna know...ask away! I'm an open book.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I like Fish, Horses
I consider myself a dog person. However, I have two cats. My daughter desperately wanted a kitten. Somehow we ended up with two...one neurotically needy cat and one anti-social spawn of satan cat.
Obsessed with The Walking Dead. I don't have a lot of free time to watch TV, but tend to watch mostly crime/cop shows.
Die hard Texas Rangers fan. Enjoy photography as a hobby.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 8'0" (243cms)
|Body type:
|About average, Athletic and toned, Heavyset, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|No preference
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No Way, Occasionally, Daily, Cigar aficionado, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Moderately
|Law enforcement / Security / Military
|Legal, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Education / Teacher / Professor, Law enforcement / Security / Military
I am a deputy sheriff in a community south of Dallas. I selected similar fields as a match preference. However, this is not mandatory. Just know I work odd hours and scheduling can sometimes be difficult.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a Bachelors degree in Criminal Justice and am currently working on a Masters of Science degree in Criminal Justice Leadership and Management.