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What is Happening with CAS in Classrooms? Example Austria Josef Böhm, ACDCA, Austria Abstract: In this paper a short overview is given how CAS is used in Austrian classrooms. The main part deals – according to the wishes of the organizers of this CAME strand – with real classroom examples and experiences. They are embedded in a kind of framework to explain the status of CAS-supported learning, teaching and assessing in Austria. I left most of the examples in their original form (in German) to stay as authentic as possible. This overview does not pretend to be complete – it is my personal sight of the matter. 1 CAS in Austria Introduction and propagating the use of CAS in math education is in a very tight connection with the Austrian Centre for Didactics in Austria which was founded by school authorities and enthusiastic teachers in the early nineties. The ACDCA is hosted by the Pedagogical Institute of Lower Austria in Hollabrunn. 1991 the Austrian Government purchased a general licence of DERIVE for all general secondary school (grammar schools). The ACDCA was founded with the intention to attend and support teachers in using this revolutionary tool in a meaningful and responsible way unlike to the introduction of the pocket calculator several years before. There was a fruitful cooperation with the T3-organization for several years. Useful synergy-effects made pre- and in-service trainings very successful. Unfortunately this cooperation was ended by Texas Instruments in 2005. It is a fact that Austria – seen as a whole - was never a graphing calculator country, which was caused by the early use of DERIVE. The ACDCA initiated and supervised a couple of Austrian wide projects: Austrian ACDCA Projects Austrian Centre for the Didactics of Computer Algebra, PI Lower Austria, Hollabrunn CAS I 1993 – 1994 DERIVE Project CAS II 1997 – 1998 TI-92 Project Creating teaching materials – Influence of CAS on teaching 44 schools, 70 classes (65 teachers & 680 female, 1570 male students) involved CAS III 1999 – 2000 2nd TI-92 Project Electronic Learning Media in Maths Education Influence on Teaching, Learning, Curriculum and Assessment 94 classes with more than 2000 students involved CAS IV 2001 – 2002 CAS Project New Media and Methods (New culture of problems, Supervision, Bilingual Teaching, Establishing a Service Centre for Teachers, … 140 classes with more than 2200 students involved CAS V 2003 – 2005 Variety of Media Project together with GeoGebra and Mathe-Online e- & Online-Learning, Self responsible Learning, Standards for Mathematics, Teaching in "Laptop classes", … CAS VI in preparation The most used CAS in Austria is DERIVE (General Secondary schools and Secondary Colleges for Business Administration, followed by the handheld CAS (TI92/TI89/V200). The Secondary Colleges for Engineering use MathCAD (general licence) and the Voyage 200. There is a minority using MATHEMATICA and MuPAD. Other Secondary Vocational Schools use – if they use CAS – handheld CAS or DERIVE. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 1 2 CAS and Curriculum Curricula demand the use of technology for all secondary schools. The respective part in the curriculum for general secondary schools reads: Technologies like computer algebra systems, spreadsheet programs, dynamic geometry software shall play an important role in mathematics education. Students shall be able to use these programs up to an amount which is relevant for the mathematical content. Minimum realisation is introducing these technologies not only for some examples but using them for acquiring some fundamental concepts. Maximum realisation is the meaningful use of them as an integrative and consequent part of the teaching and learning process. This is the respective paragraph of the curriculum of Secondary Colleges of Business Administration: Die Schülerinnen und Schüler sollen ….. - Computer Algebra Systeme und/oder Tabellenkalkulation bzw. grafikfähige Taschenrechner in allen Jahrgängen einsetzen und mathematische Problemstellungen damit lösen können. The students shall be able to ….. - use Computer Algebra Systems and/or Spreadsheet programs or graphing calculators respectively in all forms and to solve mathematical problems by using these tools. The Secondary Colleges for Engineering have been using CAS for a long time (MathCAD and TI-CAS). The Austrian school system provides freedom in teaching methods. As there are no central final exams it is in the responsibility of the teachers if and in which amount CAS is permitted or even demanded – or if it is completely banned. 3 CAS and Assessment If CAS is used in learning and teaching then it is also used for assessment. I show some examples from my teacher career. Problems and questions changed compared with traditional assessment problems. All the following problems had not been trained. The students saw problems like these during the test the first time. (Form 10 = age 16, form 11 = age 17) Example 1 (form 10) Solve the simultaneous equations for x and y and find at least two pairs (a,b), which make the system non soluble! a x + b y = a + 2 y − 3x 2a x − 3b y = b − 3 y + 2 x This problem was given in times when the TI-92 was not able so solve systems of linear equations with one solve-command. I expected the students to bring the unknown and the parameters in a right order and apply any solution algorithm (Cramer´s Rule, Row Echelon Form, …) and then find out two pairs (a,b) which equate the denominator (see the TI-92 screen shot): (a + 3) x + (b – 2) y = a (2a -–2) x + (3 – 3b) y = b For example a = 5 and b = 5/4 form one such pair. I was very much surprised that one girl was ready within a minute – without using the calculator. I thought that she was cheating and asked her what she did: 'Oh', she said, 'that´s easy. Take the first line: a = -3 and b = 2 make a contradiction 0 = -3. This is the first pair. The second line gives the other one.' This was one of the – many moments – when I was happy to be a math teacher. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 2 Example 2 (form 10) a) Enter the equation and explain the TI´s "simplification". b) What is the equation´s general solution and which conditions are necessary for its validity? c) Find two special solutions! d) What is the result of the TI? e) Explain the second part of the TI-result using a self chosen example. f) Can you explain where this strange second part is coming from? b−x a+x b 3x − a b + 2a 2 + 2 = 2 − 2 + a b a b a 2b 2 Example 3 (form 11) Five spheres (R = 3.17 inch) made of brass are melted down and a cylinder with r = 6.34 inch is cast. What is the length of the cylinder? I had the students encouraged to compile their individual electronic collection of formulae stored on their handheld CAS-devices. It was very interesting to observe that among the 18 students more than 10 various ways appeared to solve this easy problem. The range reached from calculating like in secondary 1 to the following elegant "One-liner". Working with CAS encourages working with variables and with functions. solve(5*sh_v(3.17)=cyl_v(6.34,l),l) Example 4 Given is a set of solutions L = {3, -1, ½} Find two equations of degree 5 with L = set of solutions. I had not done this before, but the students knew about multiple solutions appearing in equations of higher degrees. Example 5 Find the solutions of the following equation without applying the solve()-command: 36x6 + 132 x5 - 263x4 - 638x3 + 926x2 - 770x + 1225 = 0 There was one partial project group with teachers testing alternative assessment forms (problem solving tests, group tests, group presentations, "Facharbeiten", …The very interesting report can be found in [11]. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 3 4 CAS and Standards The question of establishing education standards in general and of standards for math education in particular is in the focus of discussion in many countries. So it is in Austria, too. As a consequence of TIMSS and PISA and of opening the borders for students in Europe we need comparability of the education systems. Problems and questions for testing standards have been developed for Secondary 1 and a group of experts with Helmut Heugl in a leading position are working on the standards for Secondary level 2. They are considering including CAS into the standards according to the demands of our curricula. The work of the team of experts is based on Heugl´s Competence Model. He says: CAS-supported mathematical education supports and encourages the 4 key qualifications • Subject competence • Methodological competence • Social competence • Personal competence much better than traditional mathematics education. and then he continues about "the necessary fundamental algebraic competence in the age of CAS" addressing competences for • Recognizing structures • Finding terms and formulae • Testing • Calculating • Visualizing • Modular working • Finding the appropriate tool Here is one test item for secondary 2: 1. A test consists of 12 multiple choice questions with 4 answers for each of them. One answer is correct. The answers are marked randomly. X is the number of correct marked answers. The following diagrams show the distribution of X. a) What is represented by the shaded area? Give your answer in words and in an appropriate mathematical form. umgangssprachlich (in words): umgangssprachlich (in words): mathematisch: mathematisch: Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 4 The first test of the standard test items brought an unexpected side result. 21 classes of grammar schools were tested (randomly chosen). It turned out that 10 of them were CAS classes. The evaluation showed that the CAS-classes performed much better than the traditional educated classes. (All problems were solved without any tool and they had not been designed considering CAS). gewichteter Gesamtindex 5 4,33 3,81 4,10 4 3,33 3 2 1 7. Klasse 8. Klasse 0 kein CAS CAS This is encouraging and leads immediately to the next crucial point of discussion: (It must be said, that 21 classes is not so much, to deduce a significant statement. Another result was that the standard deviation of correct answered questions was greater in the CAS –Group.) 5 CAS and Basic Skills One of the main obstacles which must be overcome by propagating CAS in math education is the fear of teachers (and parents, too), that the so called "basic skills" might get loss. Question: "Which are Basic Skills?" Read more about this in the "provocative" paper ([2]) Indispensable Manual Calculation Skills in a CAS Environment Wilfried Herget (Halle, Germany), Helmut Heugl (Wien, Austria). Bernhard Kutzler (Leonding, Austria) and Eberhard Lehmann (Berlin, Germany) Many of us use CAS to train these "Basic (Manipulating) Skills" up to a certain amount, because it is our opinion that even in times of a CAS some manipulating skills should remain, because otherwise the pupils cannot develop a certain "mathematic feeling" for solving problems supported by a powerful machine and they will too much work by "try and error". We can provide the students with programs to train manipulation skills and we made the experience that these training programs were highly appreciated by the students and by the colleagues. This is a screenshot of a DERIVE program to train factoring expressions and polynomials: The students are given randomly created expressions. They have to factor them using paper and pencil. ch = presents the correct answers. (Here for three problems, but the number of problems can be varied). Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 5 Factoring random polynomials offers three options: According to the math level you can ask for factoring for rational, irrational or complex roots: The next screen shows how to train expanding expressions. Squaring and cubing binomials and calculating other products can be done – and immediately by checked, accompanied by a kind of error analysis. Similar program packages exist for the CAS-TI-devices With "Catch the Points!" I am offering a "shooting game". Randomly generated grid points are presented. The task is to hit all points with as less straight lines as possible. Later we can repeat the game using parabolas or other function types. I´d like to underline that this is not the main purpose to use CAS, but sometimes a useful side effect. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 6 Training of skills in differentiating and integrating (randomly generated problems of different levels of complexity). The first row shows an example for applying the chain rule (level I) which was answered correctly, the second row shows a problem for applying integration by parts (level I). After two false answers the system gives the correct solution. We know from our experience that students really appreciate tools like these and they practise much more compared doing exercises from textbooks. They feel responsible for their success. 6 CAS and Dynamic Geometry Fortunately geometry is becoming more and more important in our schools again. I am sure that the availability of excellent dynamic geometry programs is responsible for this revival. (Cabri, Euklid, Geolog and especially GeoGebra in recent times). What we are still missing is a dynamic geometry program which is in a tight connection with CAS. Working with slider bars in DERIVE helps in a surprising way to narrow this gap between algebraic and geometric representation form and can easily be done in classroom. Here is one example: It is well known that the parabola is defined as the locus of all points which have the same distances from a fixed point and a fixed straight line. We generalize and ask for the locus of all points with a constant ratio of these distances. The figure shows the usual definition of a parabola with the ratio mentioned above e = 1. p is the variable distance between the fixed point M and the fixed line l and d is the variable radius of the circle with its center in the fixed point M. Which is the locus of points X with e = MX : lX = const (= 1 in the figure). We work in the Algebra Window with variables and each of the variables is represented by a slider bar in the 2D-Plot Window. Each step in the "Calculation Area" is followed by the parallel step in the "Plot Area". So we have a form of "Integrated Circuit" between abstract algebraic calculation and realistic geometric visualisation. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 7 This is a part of the calculation performed in the Algebra Window: And the result is surprising for all students (and for many teachers, too). We obtain one single formula for all conics. (the Apollonian property of the conics). Many other examples (easier and much more complicated) can be given. Changing the value for e we can obtain all forms of conics. 7 CAS and In-/Pre-Service Trainings As I mentioned earlier the ACDCA was and still is one of the driving forces propagating CAS in classroom. ACDCA is represented by members in all federal states. They have good connections to the Pedagogical Institutes in their countries. Because of financial restrictions things have changed a bit. In some countries the colleagues organize individual courses in the frame of their Working Groups. Things will change much more Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 8 in the future because of establishing the Pedagogical Universities and Mathematical Competence Centres. We don´t know at the moment where the way will lead. It is an exciting time for all of us. Same happened with the Pre-Service Courses. We had "Technology Courses" for our young teachers in all federal states (Half day introduction for each: didactical use of Spreadsheet, Dynamic Geometry, Graphing Calculator, CAS) supported by T3. At the moment I do know about one course in Lower Austria (organized by the Pedagogical Institute) and one course in Tyrol (organized by Heiner Juen, P.I. Tyrol). 8 CAS and (Teacher-) Students There are special lectures for teacher students on some universities (University of Vienna, Technical University of Vienna, University Graz, University Klagenfurt as far as I do know) which shall introduce working with technology in mathematics education – with a special impact on the change in the way of teaching. The students are presented meaningful use of Internet, spreadsheet programs, graphing calculators and CAS. In our lecture (TU Vienna) the students have to deliver a final paper in order to obtain a certificate. (Lecture is held together with Gaby Bleier.) Just recently I received a final paper on Sequences and Series including investigating monotony and convergence. See what the student presented on the work sheet for pupils (among other examples): 1 Let bn = 3 + . 2n Show that for each arbitrary small number ε there exists an index n0 that bn − 3 < ε for all n ≥ n0. This was the expected solution given by the student: (first for ε = 0.001, then for ε = 0.0001 and finally for a generalized ε): The student used CAS only as a calculation tool – but she added a verbal answer. This might be appropriate in many cases. But CAS offers much more possibilities to do mathematics. Without a CAS the pupils had to solve the inequality and I know from my experience that this is hard enough for many of them (considering the absolute value, considering equivalence transformations in inequalities, …) DERIVE offers the unique and unfortunately widely unknown and underestimated "Stepwise Simplification Tool". Why not ask the students (the classroom students) to simplify the solution process stepwise and to explain each performed step. (Which rule applies? What is its purpose? What is the effect? …). Colleagues using this tool in the right situation are very excited about the enrichment of teaching. (We include it in our technology-oriented textbook, too.) Using the "Steps" we can combine "Basic Skills", Verbalising, Interpretation and other objectives of math education in a wonderful way. Let´s follow the steps together with our students in the classroom and let´s give comments on the rules which are lying behind the simplification process: Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 9 If n>0, Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 10 Then we can generalize: I am quite sure that even many (university) students and maybe also experienced teachers might face problems in verbalizing the single steps. Extending stepwise simplification was a main task for developing future DERIVE releases but unfortunately by ending the support of DERIVE we cannot expect a wider range of stepwise simplifications. The (weak) hope remains, that other CAS will follow this example! 9 CAS and Teachers CAS in the classroom is impossible without teachers who like to work with CAS and who hopefully are using CAS not only as calculation tool. Unfortunately there are also teachers – and as I heard just recently – not only in Austria who use CAS to work through the traditional textbooks example for example supported by powerful CAS-tools. I admit that it is not easy to convince hesitating teachers to work with a CAS and I also admit that there are a lot of good reasons to hesitate changing well established traditional teaching methods. I also admit that teaching without CAS can be excellent math teaching and teaching with CAS can be very bad. Let me tell one nice experience made in an in-service course. We built the model of a traffic density measurement for one day. After some experiments we came up to superimpose two bell shaped functions and using the slider bars we found a satisfying model function (for further investigations – differentiate, integrate, …) Finally we wanted to extend this daily model for more days. What to do? After a while somebody brought into discussion: ´"This is periodical! Trig functions?". And after another while another colleague whispered (very uncertain) "Fourier?". But nobody could remember how to perform a Fourier analysis because this is not in the curriculum of the schools where the participants came from. So we opened the Online Help and searched for FOURIER. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 11 This was the result after calling FOURIER(veh_dens(t),t,0,24,4), which was obtained in a part of a second: The next surprise was the bulky expression for the Fourier series (which I don´t want to copy!) I want to tell the end of the story: One – very experienced and very traditional – teacher who had started the course with many reservations became more and more enthusiastic when he saw how we used CAS. When he saw the curve for the week he exclaimed: "That's really great Josef, I am feeling like an apprentice of a sorcerer (Zauberlehrling)". The same happens sometimes in classroom – maybe not with FOURIER but with other examples. Black Boxes can and should be used to make pupils (and teachers) curious about the contents of the Black Boxes. 10 CAS and Textbooks CAS in the classroom needs CAS in the textbooks. Many teachers complain that the textbooks don´t take the use of CAS into account in the right way. If the textbooks make use of CAS then in many cases developing the concepts and the problems don´t change, but there is an appendix – either at the end of the chapters or at the end of the textbook – how to use CAS. (Mostly DERIVE and/or the TI). There is need for textbooks which integrate CAS (and other technologies as well) to teach mathematics (the concepts), to encourage experimenting, arguing, working on open ended questions in addition to a sound base of traditional mathematics. Three colleagues and I have been asked by a publisher to write a series of textbooks according to the curriculum (which demands the use of technology). Three volumes are ready, volume 4 will appear in fall 2007. The textbooks are for Secondary Colleges for Business Administration. The figure shows how students can make up their conjectures how to find the derivative of ef(x). The next figure demonstrates the solution of a finance problem using the various tools. Working with CAS we underline the use of self defined functions (here for present value, future value, etc.). Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 12 11 CAS and a new "Teaching and Problem Culture" The above screenshot is a favourite procedure for many teachers using CAS in a very early stage: compare useful and not useful equivalence transformations of equations. The right DERIVE-terms are one of (many) small examples to start mathematics discussions. An absolute value being negative?? Impossible!! Or not!! (Thanks to Walter Klinger for this nice problem.) Many classroom examples from secondary I can be found in [1] where special emphasis is given to experimenting, conjecturing and visualizing. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 13 The following screens are very similar to the figures from paragraph 10 but not from the field of Calculus. Using – and generating - random exponents the pupils should find out the rules for manipulating powers. We find it important that in many cases the pupils are able to create the tools by themselves and they do not depend on tools prepared by the teacher. Show them how to investigate multiplication and then they shall find out how to investigate the remaining rules … This is not the end of the story. The experimenting phase is followed by the exactifying phase which is the proof for the conjecture(s). Some examples for possible "new" questions are: a 2b - Rewrite in at least 4 different ways. 15c3 - Fill in the form: x 4 − 16 x 3 + 96 x 2 − ...... a 6b 3 + 6a 4b5 .......................................... = (...........................)3 For the next give more than one solution!! .............. − 180 x 3 z ..................... = (..........................) 2 729 x12 − 5832 x10 y + 19440 x8 y 2 ........................................... = Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 14 I am very often asked how to find problems for CAS-supported teaching. My answer is: Compare the worked through traditional "edition" (next page) with the problems set in the new version. The traditional version is a problem from a final exam from the 1980's. If you compare the two versions carefully you will find out that the new one does without asking for the quartic. But there are some new questions and problems from a) to c) which emphasize visualization, verbalisation, organisation of working. Question f) addresses the Tool Competence. Problem g) is not so easy because the 2nd derivative test gives a "wrong" answer. One has to take the "sign" of the area into account to give the right interpretation. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 15 Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 16 My personal recipe for designing "new" problems (which is often "reanimating" old problems): - Include the graphing capabilities for additional tasks - forcing visualization. - Encourage and ask for numerical and graphical solutions, ask for more than one way of solution, accept heuristic methods, encourage and ask for "Try and Error Methods". - Let the pupils produce self made tools and give opportunities to apply them. - Provoke functional thinking. - Find the problem to presented solutions. - Let the pupils set up conjectures - but also ask sometimes for the proofs. - Include the various ways of the CAS´ output into the task, interpret the output and compare with calculation by hands, make the CAS built-in simplification rules to a mathematical subject. - Use the CAS-capabilities or deficiencies for additional questions (and keep staying within the curriculum!!) Another example: Working with Linear Regression is standard – but is this question also standard?? We can find the regression line for the data points (using CAS). We pick out one point – the red one (≈ (85,15). Moving this point in the plane results in different regression lines. (This can be demonstrated by the use of slider bars). Some of the lines are parallel to the first one. What is the locus of all (red) points which lead to regression lines with the same regression coefficient? Do you know? Or take this: Bring your environment into the math classroom. This is the MAZDA-Logo. Can you describe the form of this logo. We use the slider bar for the exponent n: n = 2.35. (It is a Lamé-Curve, Hyper-ellipse). Following Group Work: Find and model other logos. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 17 As I should focus on the use of CAS in our classrooms all other technologies have been pushed in the background. We know that especially modelling can be done with numerical tools (spreadsheet) in an excellent way, but it seems to be useful to do this also with CAS and to compare the modelling process. See one example from Business Mathematics: Supply- and Demand functions (a(p) and n(p)) are given (both dependent on price p(t)): a (p ) = 0 ,7 p 2 + p + 0 ,3 and n(p ) = 2 ,5 − 0 , 2 p − 0 ,15 p 2 ; p = p (t ); p (t = 0) = 1,00 The rate of change for price p is given by the following differential equation (dependent on time t): p′(t ) = k ⋅ (n(t ) − a(t )) Factor of proportionality k = 1 and the time interval ∆t = 0.1. This is the respective difference equation (which can be treated with Excel): ∆p = k ⋅ (n(t ) − a(t )) → ∆p = ∆t ⋅ k ⋅ (n(t ) − a(t )) ∆t p(t + ∆t ) = p(t ) + ∆t ⋅ k ⋅ (n(t ) − a (t )) pnew = pold + ∆t ⋅ k ⋅ (n(pold ) − a(pold )) The difference equation on the CAS-TI (Sequence model) The same with DERIVE (Iterations) • Possible question: which effect has a change of k? Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 18 Solving the differential equation with a Black Box: The discrete points from before together with the numerical solution of the DE: The differential equation on the TI: Calculation of the equilibrium point: Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 19 A final example from just recently (source: my colleague and CAS-fighter Tania Koller, HAK St. Pölten) Tania and her colleague found a strange (very traditional) example in a textbook: Find a cubic with a turning point in (-3, 2) and an inflection point for x = -1 which passes P(3,7). The respective system of equations had – surprisingly enough- no solution: SOLVE([f(-3)=2, f'(-3)=0, f(3)=7, f''(-1)=0], [a,b,c,d])=[] What happened? It was a typing error. But fortunately enough, the teachers and the "CAS-infected" students were not satisfied with this answer. They changed one or the other value and then the system had a solution and there was a resulting cubic. Then they generalized the problem: and they found out, that exactly t = –1 causes the problems. Working with the slider bar supported their results visually. Having a CAS at their disposal they could go further. Why is –1 the bad boy/girl? Go on with generalizing: The same denominator appears! Factoring the denominator and leaving the trivial case xe ≠ xp, we find that xp ≠ 3xw – 2xe. So we can design many tasks of the same kind which "don´t work". Try to do this without a CAS!! What did I say, some pages earlier: "Make New from Old!" Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 20 12 CAS and Visions We all have visions for a PeCAS (Pedagogical CAS) or EduCAS (Educational CAS). I´d like to finish this paper offering some ideas which I have collected in several talks with Austrian colleagues: Main Visions are: - to make a CAS very intuitive to use. Teachers and students should not waste time in getting lost by considering technical details. - to develop a CAS-standard language (syntax) for a base set of commands (solve, simplify, plot, differentiate, integrate, …) together with at least partial compatibility between PC and handheld versions. - to integrate the various technologies which are important for math education: CAS and Dynamic Geometry, Spreadsheet, Statistics Package, Probes, Text processing, Programming, CAD, Portability into web formats. - to develop and to find new possibilities for teaching and learning mathematics which are based on the power of a CAS. One excellent example for this is in our opinion the Stepwise Simplification tool of DERIVE. - to find some agreement about basic knowledge, basic skills, basic concepts. Which amount is indispensable without CAS? See more in [2]. - CAS should be used in the sense of a tool. Tools can and shall support and increase mathematics activities and insights. Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 21 13 References This is a selection of papers. You can find many additional materials on the ACDCA-website (http://www.acdca.ac.at) and many books on the website of bk teachware. (http://shop.bk-teachware.com) [1] ACDCA (Austrian Center for Didactics of Computer Algebra): Berichte der Forschungsprojekte,CAS III and CAS IV and Medienvielfalt. Homepage ACDCA: www.acdca.ac.at, www.geogebra.at, www.mathe-online.at [2] Herget, W., Heugl, H., Kutzler, B., Lehmann., E. (2000): "Indispensable Manual Calculation Skills in a CAS Environment" in Ohio Journal of School Mathematics Autumn 2000, Number 42, Page 13. www.acdca.ac.at [3] Heugl, H., Klinger, W., Lechner, J. (2001): Mathematikunterricht mit Computeralgebra-Systemen. Addison- Wesley Publishing Company, Bonn 1996. ISBN 3-8273-1082-2, download from http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/allgem/buch/buch96.htm [4] Heugl, Helmut., (1999): The necessary fundamental algebraic competence in the age of Computeralgebra Systems. Proceedings of the 5th ACDCA Summer Academy, 1999, [5] Liebscher, Marlies. (2004): Projektbericht: "Bildungsstandards aus Mathematik für die Sekundarstufe II". Projekt des BMBWK, Leitung Marlies Liebscher. CD-Rom des Landesschulrates für Steiermark. [6] Svecnik, Erich (2005): Projekt Bildungsstandards Mathematik Sekundarstufe II. Erste Ergebnisse der Erprobung von Aufgaben an AHS-Schüler/innen der 11. und 12. Schulstufe im April 2005. ZSE – Zentrum für Schulentwicklung, Abteilung Evaluation und Schulforschung, Graz-Klagenfurt [7] S. Fürst, SchülerInnenarbeitsheft zum TI/92, V200 für die Sek 1, bk teachware [8] J. Böhm, Neue Aufgaben für das Unterrichten mit DERIVE und TI-CAS-Rechnern, bk teachware [9] B. Kutzler, Lineare Gleichungen und Gleichungssysteme lösen, bk teachware [10] How to Make Traditional Tasks Technology Compatible, http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/allgem/howtomake.htm [11] New forms of teaching provoke and require new forms of assessment http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/allgem/assessment.htm [12] http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/t3/t3spin.htm [13] Elementarization and Modularization - two didactical aims being realized by using computer algebra systems http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/t3/t3modul.htm [14] A summary about the experiences how to integrate personal computers and hand computers (TI-89/92) in Mathematical Education in Austria http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/vortrag/sci2001.htm [15] Beispielsammlung / Collection of problems http://www.acdca.ac.at/material/bsp/index.htm [16] H.D. Hinkelmann a.o., Mathe mit Gewinn 1-4, oebv & hpt [17] Prugger a.o., Differenzialrechnung mit dem TI-92, bk teachware [18] Prugger a.o., Integralrechnung mit dem TI-92, bk teachware Private communication with Gaby Bleier, Peter Hofbauer, Heiner Juen, Walter Klinger, Tania Koller, Josef Lechner, Walter Wegscheider, Otto Wurnig, and others. Author: Josef Böhm, email: email@example.com Josef Böhm: CAS in Austrian Classrooms 22
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8 week old pup for sale Lazy K Kennels in Denmark, Wisconsin
Pups are Here Born and ready for homes Oct. 17 - Epagneul Bretons in Denmark, Wisconsin - Lazy K Kennels
Puppies sired by Brique are here. Three males left to reserve! Contact to reserve your pup today.
Ad location: Denmark, Wisconsin
Ad created: Aug 06, 2013
Contact Information
Contact Name: Doug Kufalk
920-863-5742Contact breeder through email Click here to visit website
Lazy K Kennels Breeder Information


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A cross-platform GUI library5,087 weekly downloads
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TA-Lib : Technical Analysis Library
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wxCode project is a collection of reusable components based on the cross-platform wxWidgets GUI toolkit. The project provides various tools and facilities for building, maintaining and releasing wxWidgets-based code. Visit the website for more info.367 weekly downloads
OMLX project is a place for processing of many projects to be ready to become open source projects.600 weekly downloads
Fast Artificial Neural Network Library
Fast Artificial Neural Network Library is a free open source neural network library, which implements multilayer artificial neural networks in C with support for both fully connected and sparsely connected networks. Cross-platform execution in both fixed and floating point are supported. It includes a framework for easy handling of training data sets. It is easy to use, versatile, well documented, and fast. Bindings to more than 15 programming languages are available. An easy to read introduction article and a reference manual accompanies the library with examples and recommendations on how to use the library. Several graphical user interfaces are also available for the library.368 weekly downloads
MLT Multimedia Framework
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Crystal Space 3D SDK
Crystal Space is an Open Source 3D SDK for Unix, Windows, and MacOS/X. It renders with OpenGL and features GLSL shaders, CG shaders, deferred rendering, dynamic shadows, bullet based physics library, terrain engine, skeleton based animation meshes, exporter for Blender, portals, etc...154 weekly downloads
A project to increase free Arabic fonts on Unix/Linux286 weekly downloads
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Advanced Caching for Squid Proxy Cache
Squid Videos/Music/Images/Libraries/CDNs Booster27 weekly downloads
SLOCCount is an easy-to-use tool that counts Source Lines of Code (SLOC). It auto-determines the language(s) (inc. C, C++, Ada, Assembly, shell, COBOL, C#, Fortran, Haskell, Java, LISP/Scheme, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, SQL). It also estimates cost & time.20 weekly downloads
SQL Relay
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g2 is an easy to use, portable and powerful 2D graphics library. It provides a comprehensive set of functions for simultaneous generation of graphical output on different types of devices.8 weekly downloads
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Projek Munsyi is a project to provide localization (L10N) for the Bahasa Melayu (Malay language) (ms) especially for the GNU software. The goal of this project is to become the hub for the Malay language team at Translation Project.14 weekly downloads
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Software tools for processing taxonomic descriptions in DELTA format9 weekly downloads
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VisIt is an interactive parallel visualization and graphical analysis tool for viewing scientific data.9 weekly downloads
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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Converse - Kenny Anderson - LA To Vegas
A Skateboarding video by Enako - 13,406 views
Presenting "LA To Vegas", a short film created to celebrate the launch of Kenny Anderson's new pro shoe, the KA-One, available here: http://bit.ly/iDhYka. Watch Kenny on his journey from his home in Los Angeles to his hometown of Las Vegas, where he's joined by many of the friends who have influenced him, his skating, and helped him get to where he is today.
Vidéo de skate par Converse
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The process of buying a new Honda car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Honda car dealerships in and around Payson, Utah. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Honda car dealers in Payson, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
Non Display Review Name "We had shopped for an Odyssey a lot and given up. Even the LX (29,600 msrp) at every dealer was around 27,500 to purchase. Then one day an add appeare"... Read more Review by: sgilbert
Non Display Review Name "I went with my wife on a Friday evening to see about a lease on a new Honda. Chuck D, the rep helping us was very personable and helpful knowing all t"... Read more Review by: dcisive
Non Display Review Name "I am a nervous buyer. I always pass through buyers remorse and am never satisfied. However, when I walked in with my friends so they can buy a car, I "... Read more Review by: jodie_ramsey


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STL-Based Tech Training Program Leads to Multi-Million Dollar Federal Effort
The $100 million federal TechHire initiative hopes to train more people for jobs in the technology field. TechHire is modeled in part on LaunchCode, a program that began in St. Louis.
Federal Probe Could Scuttle St. Louis Drug Cases
Sources tell KMOX News that the investigation is looking at whether armed officers in street clothes worked as security details for drug dealers.
Court Date and Ground-Breaking Now Scheduled for Loop Trolley
Supporters of the Loop Trolley announce plans for a ground-breaking, just as opponents announce they have a date in federal court they hope will stop the project.
AG Holder: Federal Ferguson Investigations to End Soon
Speaking Tuesday at the National Press Club, Holder said in response to a question that the reviews were underway and that he expected to "make those calls before I leave office."
Man Charged in Ferguson Arson
Antonio Whiteside, 26, is charged with fire at Ferguson Market.
Bosnian Immigrants Plead Not Guilty in Terror Financing Case
An immigrant couple from Bosnia pleaded not guilty Wednesday to federal charges of funneling money and military supplies to extremist groups in Iraq and Syria.
Potential Federal Civil Rights Decision Leaves Ferguson Business Owners on Edge
Even though the last couple of nights have been quiet on the streets of North County, there are renewed worries about the possibility of rioting and unrest after news that Darren Wilson is unlikely to face charges for violating the civil rights of Michael Brown.
Mo. Budget Director More Concerned Over Debt Ceiling Than Shutdown
If congress doesn't decide what to do with the debt ceiling by a mid-October deadline, that opens up a new set of problems.
St. Louis Man Sought on Federal Charges Is Captured
May be in the St. Louis area; wanted for assaulting a federal agent.
Illinois Faces Cuts as Federal Unemployment Aid Ends
About 90,000 people in Illinois will stop receiving unemployment benefits when a federal emergency program ends later this month.


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a1 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, U.S.A.
a2 Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
Parasitism is defined in various ways as an intimate relationship in which one partner, the parasite, lives on or in another, the host, generally at the expense of the latter. Parasitism commonly results in a unique array of host physiological responses and adaptations. Most studies of the physiological effects of parasitism have focused on the pathological consequence of infection and disease. While many physiological changes contribute to pathogenesis, it is now recognized that parasitic infections at sub-clinical levels also produce physiological effects that either ameliorate or may not contribute to the disease process. Moreover, these physiological changes are often manifested by altered host behaviour. Behavioural studies have enabled an ecological- and evolutionary-oriented evaluation of host responses. In this fashion, physiological effects may be assessed as to whether they affect fitness and confer benefit or harm to one or both of the symbionts involved. We briefly examine how these physiological responses, specifically neural, endocrine, neuromodulatory, and immunomodulatory components, may interact to modify host behaviours. We consider the adaptiveness of these responses and how the behavioural patterns elicited may simultaneously appear adaptive for the parasite as well as the host. In addition, we address how parasite-host physiological and behavioural interactions may be altered during the course of parasitism.
Key words


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Discover how to create, manage, and deliver interactive reports—not just to print, but to dynamically explore enterprise-level data—with Reporting Services in SQL Server.
Investigates several key database-programming concepts and how to combine them to create a high-quality database with Microsoft SQL Server.
"What I'm learning will save me a lot of time and frustration on current and future projects." —Linda J.
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Wednesday, June 29
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"This is my favorite essay that I've written in recent years. I was secretly pregnant when I wrote it."
"This is just the best tutorial we've done ever."
"Because if I can follow this tutorial, on my hotel room floor, while drinking champagne in my pajamas on the morning of my wedding, so can you!"
"Hint: they apply to all."
"If you're not sure about combining finances, this was the post that finally explained it to me in a way that didn't make me want to cry."


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March 2015 - New Patent
After four years of development, in January 2015 CU filed full international and US patent applications for a nanofabrication process developed by Prof. Bright and his collaborators, including Senior Research Associate Dr. Joseph Brown, Prof. Steven George, and Prof. Bright's graduate student Nathan Eigenfeld. The process specifies a method of fabricating freestanding structures with thicknesses on the order of, typically, 200 - 300 atoms. The process builds on CU's long history of development of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, and combines this technology with microfabrication processes to form structures for active use in micro and nano systems. Further details may be found in an April 2014 publication from this team in the journal Advanced Materials. Read More...
March 2015 - Electron Diffraction of an In Situ Strained Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube
In December, a team from CU and Switzerland published, in the journal Advanced Materials, an experimental observation of mechanical strain effects on electron diffraction in a carbon nanotube. The CU researchers on this team were Senior Research Associate Dr. Joseph Brown, and Professor Victor Bright. This work expands the limits of experimental mechanics by demonstrating a mechanism for measurement of changes in atom spacing in an individual nanostructure - an object about 50 atoms in diameter. Read More...
2014 Faculty Awards
2014 Outstanding Faculty Staff Award
The 2014 Outstanding Staff Award from the College of Engineering and Applied Science has been given to Sharon Anderson. This award is given to only one staff member (out of over 100) per year in our college.
2014 Max S. Peters Faculty Service Award
Daria Kotys-Schwartz has been given the 2014 Max S. Peters Faculty Service Award from the College of Engineering and Applied Science. This award is given to only one faculty member (out of over 200) per year in our college.
January 2015 - Kathryn Michel publishes Liaison and Logistics Work with Industrial
Advisory Boards
Kathryn Michel, the Coordinator for the MAST Center, recently published her first peer-reviewed journal article in the fall 2014 edition of Journal of Research Administration. The article, titled Liaison and Logistics Work with Industrial Advirory Boards, addresses two critical areas for facilitating a strong working relationship between a university research center and an IAB; first streamlining information transfer, and second organizing a well-run center meeting. The paper addresses specific strategies for effective information transfer among center participants including sponsors, faculty and students. Also discussed are best practices for center meetings that ensure a suitable level of efficiency expected of an IAB. The methods discussed in the paper have contributed to the paradigm for successful industry-university collaboration developed over the last 25+ years by the National Science Foundation's I/U CRC program. Read More...
January 2015 - Greg Rieker publishes Frequency Comb-Baased Remote Sensing of
Greenhouse Gases over Kilometer Air Paths
Professor Greg Rieker's paper "Frequency Comb-Based Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases over Kilometer Air Paths," is published in the November issue of Optica and featured on the Scientific American and OSA websites. The research represents the first application of frequency comb spectroscopy for sensing in practical environments. Professor Rieker and colleagues probed the open atmosphere above Boulder with 80,000 different wavelengths of light from two frequency combs to simultaneously measure carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and more with unprecedented accuracy.
December 2014 - Victor Bright becomes IEEE Follow
Professor Bright recently became an IEEE Fellow for his contributions to micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. Each year, following a rigorous evaluation procedure, the IEEE Fellow Committee recommends a select group of recipients for elevation to IEEE Fellow. Less than 0.1% of voting members are selected annually for this member grade elevation. Professor Bright now is one of select few in the College of Engineering to be both a IEEE and ASME Fellow.
December 2014 - CU- Boulder Faculty
Focus -Shelly Miller
Shelly Miller, associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, seeks ways to improve urban air quality, inside buildings and outside. Miller teaches courses at CU-Boulder in environmental, mechanical and air pollution control engineering. Her research focus is urban air quality and the exposures and health effects of air pollution inside buildings and homes, as well as outside in communities and cities.


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Arizona Wildcats
Billy Ray Cyrus, wife call off divorce again
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) - Country musician Billy Ray Cyrus and his wife are calling off their divorce proceedings for a second time.
Tish Finley Cyrus filed for a divorce last month in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences. But in a statement provided by their publicist on Monday, the couple said they are working on their relationship in therapy.
"We both woke up and realized we love each other and decided we want to stay together," they said.
It said couples therapy after 22 years of being together brought them closer and "really opened up our communication in amazing ways."
It was the couple's second divorce attempt after Billy Ray Cyrus, who rose to fame in 1992 with the hit song "Achy Breaky Heart," filed for divorce in 2010 but he later withdrew the petition.
The two got married in December 1993 and have three children together, including actress-musician Miley Cyrus.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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- Bearing Down with Adam and Jarrett - May 6, 2015Adam and Jarrett talk about zero Wildcats being drafted by an NFL team.
- Bearing Down with Adam and Jarrett - April 24, 2015Adam and Jarrett talk about what Arizona basketball has lost and what it moves forward with.


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Top 100 prospect Makinde London commits to Xavier
Sep 25, 2013, 5:06 PM EDT
When the realignment dominoes fell more than a few people wondered what would happen with the reconstituted Big East, especially in regards to the caliber of prospect the ten schools would be able to recruit. Well the conference has done quite well for itself on the recruiting trail this offseason, and on Wednesday Xavier landed its third verbal commitment in the 2014 class with four-star power forward/center Makinde London announcing his decision to attend the school according to multiple outlets (subscription required).
London, a native of Spring Hill, Tenn., is a 6-foot-10 big man who attends Montverde Academy in Florida and saw his recruitment gain steam thanks to an 8-inch growth spurt. Weighing 195, London will have to bulk up some in preparation for the college game, but he's expected to be a factor for a program that needed additional interior depth.
London took his official visit to Xavier less than two weeks ago, and with his decision to commit London joins guards J.P. Macura and Edmond Sumner in head coach Chris Mack's 2014 recruiting haul. Add in Indiana transfer Remy Abell, who will sit out the 2013-14 campaign per NCAA transfer rules, and the Musketeers have a nice quartet to add to the program.
With forward Isaiah Philmore (7.5 ppg, 5.0 rpg) entering his final season, adding London to the mix will certainly help Xavier from a depth standpoint. London will join redshirt junior Matt Stainbrook (11.4 ppg, 6.8 rpg in 2011-12 at Western Michigan), redshirt freshman Jalen Reynolds (sat out the 2012-13 season as a non-qualifier) and sophomore James Farr in Xavier's interior rotation in 2013-14.
What does London's commitment mean for the Big East as a whole? He's another talented prospect headed to the conference, which has seen a number of its members reel in quality prospects this summer. Of course Seton Hall's received a lot of attention lately with the verbal commitment of guard Isaiah Whitehead, but Georgetown (Isaac Copeland, L.J. Peak and Paul White), Marquette (Sandy Cohen, Malek Harris), Providence (Jalen Lindsey, Paschal Chukwu) and Villanova (Phil Booth, Mikal Bridges) have also enjoyed a productive offseason on the recruiting trail.
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- Bo Ryan to retire from Wisconsin after next season 4
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I want to focus on the NHL, but with the big league locked out, a lot of content (until September) will probably be junior hockey based (mainly WHL) and lots of World Junior coverage, until the end of the WJC of course. So?
I was thinking "Off The Post" or "LafayettesPost" or something...but I wanted to see what you brilliant minds can come up with! If anyone can think of one that's usable I'll mail you a box of jumbo prawns!
Edited by MaximYapierre, 30 December 2012 - 12:58 AM.


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Bird flu: 2 more cases reported in ChinaComment
Shanghai has reported two more cases of human infection of a new strain of bird flu, raising the number of cases in eastern China to 20.
Afghanistan attacks: US civilian adviser killed in Afghan operationComment
A gunbattle during an Afghan-led military operation in eastern Afghanistan left one U.S. civilian adviser and as many as 11 suspected Taliban militants dead, officials said Sunday.
North Korea warns embassies it can't guarantee safetyComment
North Korea has warned diplomats in its capital of Pyongyang that it can't guarantee the safety of embassies in the event of a conflict and suggested they may want to evacuate their staff, Russia's top diplomat said Friday.
North Korea nuclear showdown now includes another military elementComment
Guam is a named player in the North Korea nuclear showdown, which is striking for an island known for its slow pace and laid-back attitudes.
India building collapse kills at least 27Comment
A building collapsed as it was being constructed illegally in a Mumbai, India, suburb, killing at least 27 people, police said Friday.
Oscar Pistorius sighted in his blades on a running trackComment
A South African newspaper published a photograph of Oscar Pistorius at a running track in his carbon fiber blades Thursday.
Afghanistan suicide bombers attack government compoundComment
Suicide bombers disguised as Afghan soldiers attacked a government compound Wednesday in a failed bid to free more than a dozen Taliban prisoners being transferred to court proceedings in western Afghanistan.
Iraq: Al-Qaida member shot, killed by gunmen in IraqComment
Iraqi officials say gunmen have shot dead a member of an anti-al-Qaida Sunni militia along with his mother.
Shanghai activates emergency response plam after bird flu deathsComment
China's financial capital, Shanghai, on Tuesday activated an emergency response plan following the recent deaths of two men from a lesser-known strain of bird flu.
Iraq suicide bomb kills seven policemenComment
A suicide bomber drove a fuel-laden truck into a police station in central Iraq on Monday, killing seven policemen, officials said.
Nelson Mandela better from pneumonia, S. African officials sayComment
Former South African President Nelson Mandela had a restful day in a hospital Sunday and continues to improve following treatment for a recurrence of pneumonia.
Pope makes Easter pleas for Mideast peaceComment
After the Mass in St. Peter's Square, Francis shared in the crowd's exuberance as they celebrated the belief that Jesus Christ rose from the dead following crucifixion.
North Korea warns of 'state of war' with SouthComment
North Korea's threats are seen as efforts to provoke the new government in Seoul, led by President Park Geun-hye, to change its policies toward Pyongyang, and to win diplomatic talks with Washington that could get it more aid.
North Korea: Rocket forces ready to 'settle accounts' with U.S.Comment
Kim Jong Un warned Friday that his rocket forces were ready "to settle accounts with the U.S.," unleashing a new round of bellicose rhetoric after U.S. nuclear-capable B-2 bombers dropped dummy munitions in joint military drills with South Korea.
U.S. troop withdrawal from Vietnam 40 years agoComment
The last U.S. combat troops left Vietnam 40 years ago Friday, and the date holds great meaning for many who fought the war, protested it or otherwise lived it.
U.S. responds to North Korea rhetoric with stealth bombersComment
In a show of force following weeks of North Korean bluster, the U.S. announces that two of its nuclear-capable B-2 bombers dropped munitions on a South Korean island as part of joint military drills.
Nelson Mandela hospitalized again with lung infectionComment
Nelson Mandela, the anti-apartheid leader who became South Africa's first black president, has been admitted to a hospital with a recurring lung infection.
North Korea, South Korea tensions rise over cutting of joint industrial complexComment
Raising tensions with South Korea yet again, North Korea cut an industrial complex in the North that employs hundreds of workers from the South.
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Watch ABC7 News at 4!ABC7 gives you MORE news in your afternoons with an extra hour, an hour earlier! Watch to see what's trending in your community and world every weekday afternoon at 4pm right after back to back "Hot Bench" shows at 3pm on ABC7.


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CourseBuilderChecklist - course-builder - Checklist of all steps to create a course using Course Builder. - Course Builder. Costs When you use Course Builder, you create your course as an App Engine application.
Currently, each App Engine application can consume a certain level of computing resources for free, controlled by a set of limits. If you need resources above these free limits, you can switch to a paid app to set a daily resource budget. For more information, see Develop with App Engine. Download and install All pathnames are relative to the directory containing Course Builder. Explore Explore Course Builder to get direct experience. Explore the Sample App Deploy You must deploy the Course Builder app before you can make permanent changes to it. Create your course You can create a new, empty course or import the example course and use it as a template. Read the wiki This checklist only covers the basics. Reading the Get Started page and proceeding through the wiki sequentially. going to the Course Builder forum.
5 ways to use Google Voice in your classroom. I recently spent the afternoon with some enthusiastic teachers at the Mercer Island School District who are prepping for the start to the school year.
One of the sessions I presented was an introduction to Google Apps for Edu with a focus on classroom application. One of the tools I referenced was Google Voice – a free yet powerful web interface for an phone number that can forward to your personal phone numbers, record voicemail, and make smart routing decisions based on rules that you manage. I love the ability to give families & students a way to contact me without revealing my personal contact information. The other killer feature for me is that any voicemail can be downloaded or embedded as an mp3 with a couple of clicks: As I tend to do when in a room full of talented educators, I introduced the tool then opened the floor for a conversation of potential applications. As with so many Google tools, Voice lowers the barrier of entry and encourages students to create.
Teachers Definitive Guide To Google Search Skills. The 21st century education is all about cultivating such important skills as critical thinking and digital skills.
Technology has radically transformed the way we teach and knowledge is no longer stored primarily in print. There is now much more knowledge online than you would find in all libraries of the world taken together. To tap into the potential of this vast repertoire of online resources, our students definitely need a bit of instruction on how to effectively use web search techniques to search for academic sources. They need to be taught how to fish instead of being given a fish everyday. In short, we have to teach them how to be independent learners. Google Search Education has all the materials you need to help your students become skilled searchers, whether they are just starting out with search or ready for advanced training. Here is what it has to offer you : 1- Lesson Plans.
Google Augments Mobile Search With Handwriting Recognition. Web search has evolved from traditional query typing to voice search, to auto-complete and even image searches.
Now search giant Google is taking the next step in making finding stuff on the web easier by augmenting its mobile search offerings with handwriting recognition. The new feature, Google Handwrite, will run on Android phones and tablets, and on iOS devices running iOS 5, with support for 27 different languages. For now, the handwritng recognition is experimental so users will need to enable it in their settings to take advantage of the new feature.
On your mobile device, login at google.com, tap on "Settings" at the bottom of the screen and enable the "Handwrite" feature. Then save your changes and refresh the homepage to get started. To enable Handwrite, tap the icon on the bottom right corner of your screen. Will Google Handwrite change the way you search on your mobile device? Thumbnail image courtest iStock, Hillary Fox.
Google in Education. Google sites. How to Use Google Search More Effectively [INFOGRAPHIC] - Summify. Among certain circles (my family, some of my coworkers, etc.)
I'm known for my Googling skills. I can find anything, anywhere, in no time flat. My Google-fu is a helpful skill, but not one that's shrouded in too much mystery — I've just mastered some very helpful search tricks and shortcuts and learned to quickly identify the best info in a list of results. Sadly, though web searches have become and integral part of the academic research landscape, the art of the Google search is an increasingly lost one.
A recent study at Illinois Wesleyan University found that fewer than 25% of students could perform a "reasonably well-executed search. " That search process also included determining when to rely on Google and when to utilize scholarly databases, but on a fundamental level, it appears that many people just don't understand how to best find the information they seek using Google. Thanks to the folks at HackCollege, a number of my "secrets" are out. Infographic via HackCollege.
Google Mail. Google help tutorials. Google News. Other Google stuff. Google Reader. iGoogle. Google Cloud. Google Chart.


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1 Review
- Most Helpful
- Newest
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I LOVE THIS CAKE ~ What with the mandarin oranges in the cake itself & the crushed pineapple in the frosting, IT'S GREAT! I wanted to keep this right here at home, but with all the baking I've been doing for PAC, I allowed my other half to share it 2/3 of it with co-workers, & I understand that it was gone in no time! Thanks for a wonderful keeper! [Tagged, made & reviewed for one of my adopted chefs in the current Pick A Chef]


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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|December 19, 2012 06:00 AM EST
NEW YORK, NY -- (Marketwire) -- 12/19/12 -- Varonis Systems Inc., the leading provider of comprehensive data governance software, announced that the Varonis Data Governance Suite has been named an Excellence Award finalist for Best Enterprise Security Solution in the 2013 SC Awards. The SC Awards recognize outstanding leadership and achievement in information security, acknowledging companies with superior security products that help customers tackle today's most pressing IT challenges.
Hundreds of IT security companies nominated their solutions for consideration in the SC Awards and entries are evaluated by a jury hand-picked by SC Magazine's editorial team for their breadth of knowledge and experience in the information security industry.
"SC Magazine's selection of the Varonis Data Governance Suite as a finalist for Best Enterprise Security Solution proves that the challenges organizations face for managing and protecting their critical data are paramount to successful and secure business operations," said Yaki Faitelson, CEO, Varonis.
The Varonis Data Governance Suite answers the big questions: Who has access to data and who uses it? Who does sensitive data belong to? Who has and should have access to it? How do I identify excess and unneeded permissions? Who accessed or deleted my data?"
The SC Awards, now in its 16th year, are the premier global recognition for IT security professionals and products that fend off the myriad security threats in today's corporate world. The annual awards showcase the best solutions, services and professionals while recognizing achievement and technical excellence.
"This year's SC Awards are possibly the stiffest competition we've ever had," said Illena Armstrong, vice president and editorial director of SC Magazine. "As information security continues to grow in importance this has only added more weight to our program. Recognition for the tireless efforts of the men and women providing information security to the organizations around the world is paramount to SC Magazine and we look forward to celebrating them at the SC Awards gala."
The winner will be announced at the 2013 SC Awards U.S. ceremony to be held on Feb. 26, 2013 in San Francisco.
Varonis Data Governance Suite
To date, many big data analytics are associated with "machine generated" data like trade information, location data, etc. However, 80% of organizational data is unstructured (source: IDC). This human-generated content lives on file servers, intranets, NAS devices and email systems in the form of spreadsheets, presentations, audio files, video files, blueprints and designs.
The Varonis Data Governance Suite leverages big data analytics to help organizations better manage, and protect unstructured data by:
- Aligning data sets with business areas and data owners
- Connecting disparate teams and data sets
- Discovering access patterns and collaborative flows
- Identifying areas of high risk and users with too much access
- Baselining access patterns, flagging potential abuse
- Enhancing data access control, ownership, classification, entitlements and authorization processes
- Identifying stale, unneeded, or non-business data for archiving or deletion
It aggregates all data access events -- without requiring native OS auditing -- to build a complete picture of who can and who is accessing data, and who should have their access revoked. It also leads IT to rightful data owners, so the right people can ensure appropriate access and usage. With the Varonis Data Classification framework, IT can immediately identify folders with excessive permissions that also contain quantities of sensitive data.
The Varonis Data Governance Suite includes the Varonis Metadata Framework and integrated products for automated unstructured data protection and management: Varonis DatAdvantage for Windows, Exchange, Directory Services, SharePoint, UNIX/Linux; Varonis Data Transport Engine; Varonis DataPrivilege; and the Varonis IDU Classification Framework. Varonis monitors users' data access and quickly gathers enough metadata to accurately determine and recommend who should and should not have access to data.
About Varonis
Varonis is the leader in unstructured and semi-structured data governance software. Based on patented technology and a highly accurate analytics engine, Varonis solutions give organizations total visibility and control over their data, ensuring that only the right users have access to the right data at all times from all devices, all use is monitored, and abuse is flagged.
Varonis makes digital collaboration secure, effortless and efficient so that people can create and share content easily with whom they must, and organizations can be confident their content is protected and managed efficiently.
Voted one of the "Fast 50 Reader Favorites" on FastCompany.com, and winner of the SC Magazine Innovation, Product or Service of the Year, and Best Network Security Awards, Varonis has more than 4,500 installations worldwide and is headquartered in New York, with regional offices in Europe, Asia and Latin America.
Varonis, the Varonis logo, DatAdvantage®, DataPrivilege® and the IDU Classification Framework® are registered trademarks of Varonis® Systems in the United States and/or other countries and Metadata Framework, DatAnywhere, and Data Transport Engine are under a registration process in the United States and/or other countries. All other product and company names and marks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners and are mentioned for identification purposes only.
"We have a tagline - "Power in the API Economy." What that means is everything that is built in applications and connected applications is done through APIs," explained Roberto Medrano, Executive Vice President at Akana, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 16th Cloud Expo, held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City.
Jul. 1, 2015 05:00 PM EDT Reads: 802
The Internet of Things is not only adding billions of sensors and billions of terabytes to the Internet. It is also forcing a fundamental change in the way we envision Information Technology. For the first time, more data is being created by devices at the edge of the Internet rather than from centralized systems. What does this mean for today's IT professional? In this Power Panel at @ThingsExpo, moderated by Conference Chair Roger Strukhoff, panelists addressed this very serious issue of profound change in the industry.
Jul. 1, 2015 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,047
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Red Hat's Chief Architect for the Internet of Things and Intelligent Systems, described how to revolutionize your archit...
Jul. 1, 2015 02:21 PM EDT Reads: 569
It is one thing to build single industrial IoT applications, but what will it take to build the Smart Cities and truly society-changing applications of the future? The technology won't be the problem, it will be the number of parties that need to work together and be aligned in their motivation to succeed. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jason Mondanaro, Director, Product Management at Metanga, discussed how you can plan to cooperate, partner, and form lasting all-star teams to change the world and it starts with business models and monetization strategies.
Jul. 1, 2015 11:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,242
To many people, IoT is a buzzword whose value is not understood. Many people think IoT is all about wearables and home automation. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Mike Kavis, Vice President & Principal Cloud Architect at Cloud Technology Partners, discussed some incredible game-changing use cases and how they are transforming industries like agriculture, manufacturing, health care, and smart cities. He will discuss cool technologies like smart dust, robotics, smart labels, and much more. Prepare to be blown away with a glimpse of the future.
Jul. 1, 2015 11:30 AM EDT Reads: 788
Internet of Things is moving from being a hype to a reality. Experts estimate that internet connected cars will grow to 152 million, while over 100 million internet connected wireless light bulbs and lamps will be operational by 2020. These and many other intriguing statistics highlight the importance of Internet powered devices and how market penetration is going to multiply many times over in the next few years.
Jul. 1, 2015 10:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,131
Internet of Things (IoT) will be a hybrid ecosystem of diverse devices and sensors collaborating with operational and enterprise systems to create the next big application. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Bramh Gupta, founder and CEO of robomq.io, and Fred Yatzeck, principal architect leading product development at robomq.io, discussed how choosing the right middleware and integration strategy from the get-go will enable IoT solution developers to adapt and grow with the industry, while at the same time reduce Time to Market (TTM) by using plug and play capabilities offered by a robust IoT ...
Jul. 1, 2015 09:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,946
Today air travel is a minefield of delays, hassles and customer disappointment. Airlines struggle to revitalize the experience. GE and M2Mi will demonstrate practical examples of how IoT solutions are helping airlines bring back personalization, reduce trip time and improve reliability. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Shyam Varan Nath, Principal Architect with GE, and Dr. Sarah Cooper, M2Mi's VP Business Development and Engineering, will explore the IoT cloud-based platform technologies driving this change including privacy controls, data transparency and integration of real time context wi...
Jul. 1, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 935
SYS-CON Events announced today that BMC will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. BMC delivers software solutions that help IT transform digital enterprises for the ultimate competitive business advantage. BMC has worked with thousands of leading companies to create and deliver powerful IT management services. From mainframe to cloud to mobile, BMC pairs high-speed digital innovation with robust IT industrialization – allowing customers to provide amazing user experiences with optimized IT per...
Jun. 29, 2015 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,702
There will be 150 billion connected devices by 2020. New digital businesses have already disrupted value chains across every industry. APIs are at the center of the digital business. You need to understand what assets you have that can be exposed digitally, what their digital value chain is, and how to create an effective business model around that value chain to compete in this economy. No enterprise can be complacent and not engage in the digital economy. Learn how to be the disruptor and not the disruptee.
Jun. 29, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,191
The Internet of Things is not only adding billions of sensors and billions of terabytes to the Internet. It is also forcing a fundamental change in the way we envision Information Technology. For the first time, more data is being created by devices at the edge of the Internet rather than from centralized systems. What does this mean for today's IT professional? In this Power Panel at @ThingsExpo, moderated by Conference Chair Roger Strukhoff, panelists will addresses this very serious issue of profound change in the industry.
Jun. 29, 2015 09:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,541
Business as usual for IT is evolving into a "Make or Buy" decision on a service-by-service conversation with input from the LOBs. How does your organization move forward with cloud? In his general session at 16th Cloud Expo, Paul Maravei, Regional Sales Manager, Hybrid Cloud and Managed Services at Cisco, discusses how Cisco and its partners offer a market-leading portfolio and ecosystem of cloud infrastructure and application services that allow you to uniquely and securely combine cloud business applications and services across multiple cloud delivery models.
Jun. 28, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,241
In his General Session at 16th Cloud Expo, David Shacochis, host of The Hybrid IT Files podcast and Vice President at CenturyLink, investigated three key trends of the "gigabit economy" though the story of a Fortune 500 communications company in transformation. Narrating how multi-modal hybrid IT, service automation, and agile delivery all intersect, he will cover the role of storytelling and empathy in achieving strategic alignment between the enterprise and its information technology.
Jun. 27, 2015 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,261
Buzzword alert: Microservices and IoT at a DevOps conference? What could possibly go wrong? In this Power Panel at DevOps Summit, moderated by Jason Bloomberg, the leading expert on architecting agility for the enterprise and president of Intellyx, panelists peeled away the buzz and discuss the important architectural principles behind implementing IoT solutions for the enterprise. As remote IoT devices and sensors become increasingly intelligent, they become part of our distributed cloud environment, and we must architect and code accordingly. At the very least, you'll have no problem fillin...
Jun. 26, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,251
Growth hacking is common for startups to make unheard-of progress in building their business. Career Hacks can help Geek Girls and those who support them (yes, that's you too, Dad!) to excel in this typically male-dominated world. Get ready to learn the facts: Is there a bias against women in the tech / developer communities? Why are women 50% of the workforce, but hold only 24% of the STEM or IT positions? Some beginnings of what to do about it! In her Opening Keynote at 16th Cloud Expo, Sandy Carter, IBM General Manager Cloud Ecosystem and Developers, and a Social Business Evangelist, d...
Jun. 26, 2015 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,127
Converging digital disruptions is creating a major sea change - Cisco calls this the Internet of Everything (IoE). IoE is the network connection of People, Process, Data and Things, fueled by Cloud, Mobile, Social, Analytics and Security, and it represents a $19Trillion value-at-stake over the next 10 years. In her keynote at @ThingsExpo, Manjula Talreja, VP of Cisco Consulting Services, discussed IoE and the enormous opportunities it provides to public and private firms alike. She will share what businesses must do to thrive in the IoE economy, citing examples from several industry sectors.
Jun. 25, 2015 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,040
In his keynote at 16th Cloud Expo, Rodney Rogers, CEO of Virtustream, discussed the evolution of the company from inception to its recent acquisition by EMC – including personal insights, lessons learned (and some WTF moments) along the way. Learn how Virtustream's unique approach of combining the economics and elasticity of the consumer cloud model with proper performance, application automation and security into a platform became a breakout success with enterprise customers and a natural fit for the EMC Federation.
Jun. 25, 2015 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,194
SYS-CON Events announced today that the "Second Containers & Microservices Conference" will take place November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, CA, and the "Third Containers & Microservices Conference" will take place June 7-9, 2016, at Javits Center in New York City. Containers and microservices have become topics of intense interest throughout the cloud developer and enterprise IT communities.
Jun. 22, 2015 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,837
SYS-CON Events announced today that the "First Containers & Microservices Conference" will take place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City. The "Second Containers & Microservices Conference" will take place November 3-5, 2015, at Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, CA. Containers and microservices have become topics of intense interest throughout the cloud developer and enterprise IT communities.
Jun. 20, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,906
With major technology companies and startups seriously embracing IoT strategies, now is the perfect time to attend @ThingsExpo in Silicon Valley. Learn what is going on, contribute to the discussions, and ensure that your enterprise is as "IoT-Ready" as it can be! Internet of @ThingsExpo, taking place Nov 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, is co-located with 17th Cloud Expo and will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most profound change in personal an...
Jun. 15, 2015 08:45 PM EDT Reads: 4,159


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Two killed in post-Black Friday accident on Hwy 101
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Two killed in post-Black Friday accident on Hwy 101
Soccer Fans in Chicago Cheer On US Women's Team
2:26Now watching Up next
Two killed in post-Black Friday accident on Hwy 101
The CHP says two people who were killed in an early morning accident on Highway 101 in Palo Alto were not wearing seatbelts.
1:28Now watching Up next
Soccer Fans in Chicago Cheer On US Women's Team
Soccer fans gathered for a Women's World Cup final watch party in Chicago's Lincoln Park. The U.S. team beat defending champion Japan 5 -2. (July 6)
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Lloyd Scores 3 as US Wins Women's World Cup
Carli Lloyd scored three times as the U.S. jumped to a four-goal lead in the first 16 minutes, and the Americans overwhelmed defending champion Japan 5-2 for the team's first World Cup championship since 1999. (July 6)
2:01Now watching Up next
California Grown Coffee Starting to Percolate
Once thought impossible, a California farmer has created a coffee growing operation well outside the traditional mountainous rain forest regions. Farmers hope to create a new industry similar to what the region saw with wine decades ago. (July 6)
1:42Now watching Up next
Today in History for July 6th
Highlights of this day in history: John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for first time; Baseball's first All-Star Game; Outbreak of the Biafran War; Painter Frida Kahlo born; Althea Gibson wins at Wimbledon; Singing cowboy Roy Rogers dies. (July 6)
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Burt Shavitz of Burt's Bees dies at 80
Burt Shavitz, the Burt behind Burt's Bees who co-founded the natural cosmetics company, died Sunday. He was 80. (July 7)
1:40Now watching Up next
BodyCam Video Shows Moment Officer Saves Unconscious Baby
Baby Karly is now fine and getting medication for seizures.
1:14Now watching Up next
Russian Cargo Ship Delivers Supplies to International Space Station
Tom Llamas reports the stories people have been buzzing about all week.
1:47Now watching Up next
12-Year-Old Injured as Single-Engine Plane Crash Lands on California Beach
The boy is in serious condition after the plane apparently clipped him on the left side of the head.
1:03Now watching Up next
What Does Greek Debt Crisis Mean for US Economy?
ABC News' Rebecca Jarvis explains that Americans will likely see a dip in their 401Ks.


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Here's some good news for anyone who needs a federal student loan to go to college. On July 1, the fixed rates for new federal loans – Stafford and PLUS loans – will adjust. And those rates are going down.
Consumer News
A local woman says all she wanted was a free sample of face cream. But the free sample morphed into unwanted products and more than $400 on her credit card.
We don't hear all that much about it, but financial elder abuse is a serious and growing crime in this country. It's estimated that seniors lose more than $3 billion each year to financial exploitation.
The local Better Business Bureau reports scammers are using the name of a legit local company to trick people into thinking they've been hired as work-at-home employees.
More than a third of the adults in this country (35 percent) have never checked any of their credit reports. And that's not good.
Need a small loan right away? You might be tempted to borrow from your credit card company. It's called a "cash advance" and it's really convenient. It's also very costly.
The promise of free internet and mobile service sounded great to a local woman trying to save money. So she signed up with a California company called FreedomPop. The high-tech startup offers free voice, text and data as a gateway to it's many fee-based wireless and data plans and it's catching on. In fact, FreedomPop recently announced plans to expand to the UK. But Leslie Maxwell wonders if it's getting too big too quickly.
From flooded rivers in Texas to used car lots in your community- rusting wrecks are headed our way. It happens every time major flooding leaves large quantities of water-soaked vehicles.
You can buy all sorts of products to deal with bad smells in your house. But most of them seem to involve a lot of chemicals or fragrances that only mask the smell. The Fresh Pod by Fresh Wave promises natural and safe odor control for up to 60 days. But how well does it really work?
Anyone can fall for a prize scam, but con artists tend to target seniors because they're more likely to fall for their pitch.
Fed up with annoying robocalls- a local man just joined a nationwide brigade aimed at fighting back. When Consumers Union asked for volunteers to test different robocall blocking devices on the market, he jumped at the opportunity.
If you have an RCA 7 inch tablet that was purchased last year- keep an eye on the internal lithium battery. There are reports of the battery suddenly puffing up like a pillow inside the case, putting children in harm's way.
A 44 week survey of some well-known national stores suggests many items touted as being on sale, are actually on sale virtually all the time and rarely, if ever, sold at the so-called "regular" price.
It's not uncommon for people to have a tough time standing up and moving around as they grow older. And this lack of mobility can limit a person's sense of independence and their quality of life
Traditional nail polish is rapidly being replaced by high-gloss, longer lasting gel formulas. Gel manicures are popular because they can last as long as 3 weeks. The polish is hardened onto the nail with ultra violet light. But gel polish at the salon is pricey- ranging from $25 - $35. So more and more manufacturers are offering gel polishes you can buy at the store. They give you the same high gloss finish for a fraction of the cost- without the ultra violet exposure you get at the salon.
Do you have a gasoline credit card in your wallet? Millions of people use them to earn cash back when they fill up. But a new study finds that the rewards you get may not be as good as you could get from other rewards cards.
Frustrated that cars recalled for serious safety defects aren't getting fixed quickly enough, the nation's auto safety chief will host a gathering of automakers Tuesday to search for solutions.
There are lots of factors to consider when you choose a vet for your pet. Price is important. So is reputation. And location. But there's something else to consider: The feeling you get when you visit the place.
Yep, it's time to start mowing the lawn again. Is your lawnmower ready?
Trader Joe's is recalling its Sweet Apple Chicken Sausage because the products may contain small plastic pieces.
You're not the only one who's enjoying the warmer weather, so are the fleas that are on the lawn, at the park and maybe in your house. That's why you want to make sure your pets – both dogs and cats – are protected.
This is the last year that the original version of Kraft Mac & Cheese sold in the U.S. will contain artificial preservatives or synthetic colors.
First the good news: American families are making some progress at whittling down their credit card debt. But according to a new survey by the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC), we've still got a long way to go.
You've heard about secondhand smoke and you know that it can hurt people who breathe it.
Now scientists are researching the health consequences of thirdhand smoke: The residue that tobacco smoke leaves on furniture, carpets, walls, clothing and other inanimate objects.
Now scientists are researching the health consequences of thirdhand smoke: The residue that tobacco smoke leaves on furniture, carpets, walls, clothing and other inanimate objects.
Think about your pets as you do your springtime gardening and get the yard back in shape. The ASPCA reminds pet parents to be wary of some popular, but poisonous plants.
Some people are leery about buying frozen fruits and vegetables. They believe frozen is inferior to fresh. Relax, there's nothing to worry about.
If you're looking online for vacation rentals or even a place to live, be sure to proceed with caution. Rental scammers are hitting virtually all the rental housing websites. Make the wrong move online and bogus landlords will con you out of hundreds, even thousands of dollars that you'll never get back.
Household leaks – from dripping faucets, loose showerheads and faulty toilets – are quite common. And they can be very costly.


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Design and create a rich interactive map for a web site using the open-source scripting library jQuery and the tools in Dreamweaver.
Shows how to develop an interactive video gallery for the web in Dreamweaver using HTML5 with a Flash fallback, CSS, and the open-source JavaScript library jQuery.
Shows how to develop an interactive photo gallery for a web site using HTML, CSS, and jQuery.
"This $25 was the BEST I could have ever spent! I have spent hours relearning things I had forgotten and solidified my confidence in what I do know." —Claudia W.
more from our members »


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Latest Updates
Universities and colleges across the country are taking steps to encourage their communities, students, faculty and staff to decrease their reliance on personal vehicles. These efforts are working well – saving money for universities, improving the quality of life in college towns, and giving today's students experience in living life without depending on a personal car.
The cost of college textbooks has skyrocketed in recent years. To students and families already struggling to afford high tuition and fees, an additional $1,200 per year on books and supplies can be the breaking point.
As publishers keep costs high by pumping out new editions and selling books bundled with software, students are forced to forgo book purchases or otherwise undermine their academic progress.
The 2013 Trouble in Toyland report is the 28th annual OSPIRG survey of toy safety. In this report, OSPIRG provides safety guidelines for consumers when purchasing toys for small children and provides examples of toys currently on store shelves that may pose potential safety hazards.
Knowing what affects your credit is essential to your financial health because your credit affects everything from your ability to get a mortgage, a car loan or even a job.
PIRG In The News
College students could save an average of $128 a course if traditional textbooks were replaced with free or low-cost "open-source" electronic versions, a new report finds.
Before entering the classroom of an intro-level economics course, students get a real-life experience with the subject — the required textbook costs $290 on Amazon.
On Friday, March 7, 2014, Congressman Peter DeFazio came to a press event put on by Oregon Students Interest Research Group to speak out about the labeling of Genetically Modified Organisms and OSPIRG's campaign to ask markets and grocery store chains to label foods that contain GMOs.
The Environmental Protection Agency is now accepting written comments concerning their proposed carbon pollution standards for new power plants until March 10. The new standards would end construction of any new coal-fired power plants in the U.S.
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Elleveesa Makeup Artist
Ja SuModel Female Arcadia, California, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/JasmineSumekh
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About Me**FOR ANY AVAILIBILITY OR PROJECT INQUIRIES PLEASE EMAIL firstname.lastname@example.com, AS I RARELY CHECK MM ANYMORE! XO**
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I am very selective with TF work especially when it involves over-retouched photos or a huge watermark of your name over them. If this doesn't sound like you, then feel free to shoot me an email and we can talk about the possibility of us collaborating, thanks! x
Elleveesa Makeup Artist
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