text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Category Measure Minimum Efficiency / Certification
E-Print Network [OSTI]
and cooling (floor, wall, and ceiling) Radiant systems must be powered by a heat pump (electric or gas-fired, or ground-source), efficient gas boiler, or solar system (not by electric resistance) $4000-$20000 none sealing $300-$1200 Not clear if Xcel insulation/air sealing rebate applies here Energy or heat recovery
Kammen, Daniel M.
The minimum-uncertainty coherent states for Landau levels
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The Glauber minimum-uncertainty coherent states with two variables for Landau levels, based on the representation of Weyl-Heisenberg algebra by two different modes, have been studied about four decades ago. Here, we introduce new two-variable coherent states with minimum uncertainty relationship for Landau levels in three different methods: the infinite unitary representation of su(1, 1) is realized in two different methods, first, by consecutive levels with the same energy gaps and also with the same value for z-angular momentum quantum number, then, by shifting z-angular momentum mode number by two units while the energy level remaining the same. Besides, for su(2), whether by lowest Landau levels or Landau levels with lowest z-angular momentum, just one finite unitary representation is introduced. Having constructed the generalized Klauder-Perelomov coherent states, for any of the three representations, we obtain their Glauber coherency by displacement operator of Weyl-Heisenberg algebra.
Dehghani, A. [Physics Department, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box 19395-4697 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Fakhri, H. [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, P. O. Box 51666-16471 Tabriz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mojaveri, B. [Department of Physics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P. O. Box 51745-406 Tabriz (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Energy-Efficient Distributed Constructions of Minimum Spanning Tree for Wireless Ad-hoc
1 Energy-Efficient Distributed Constructions of Minimum Spanning Tree for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks of a class of simple and local algorithms called Nearest Neighbor Tree (NNT) algorithms for energy-efficient
Khan, Maleq
Finding the Energy Efficient Curve: Gate Sizing for Minimum Power under Delay Constraints
Finding the Energy Efficient Curve: Gate Sizing for Minimum Power under Delay Constraints Yoni in a fast circuit by the same factor does not yield an energy-efficient design, and we characterize efficient. A design implementation is considered to be energy efficient when it has the highest performance
Kolodny, Avinoam
Analysis of Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards for Residential General Service Lighting in Chile
Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) have been chosen as part of Chile's national energy efficiency action plan. As a first MEPS, the Ministry of Energy has decided to focus on a regulation for lighting that would ban the sale of inefficient bulbs, effectively phasing out the use of incandescent lamps. Following major economies such as the US (EISA, 2007) , the EU (Ecodesign, 2009) and Australia (AS/NZS, 2008) who planned a phase out based on minimum efficacy requirements, the Ministry of Energy has undertaken the impact analysis of a MEPS on the residential lighting sector. Fundacion Chile (FC) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) collaborated with the Ministry of Energy and the National Energy Efficiency Program (Programa Pais de Eficiencia Energetica, or PPEE) in order to produce a techno-economic analysis of this future policy measure. LBNL has developed for CLASP (CLASP, 2007) a spreadsheet tool called the Policy Analysis Modeling System (PAMS) that allows for evaluation of costs and benefits at the consumer level but also a wide range of impacts at the national level, such as energy savings, net present value of savings, greenhouse gas (CO2) emission reductions and avoided capacity generation due to a specific policy. Because historically Chile has followed European schemes in energy efficiency programs (test procedures, labelling program definitions), we take the Ecodesign commission regulation No 244/2009 as a starting point when defining our phase out program, which means a tiered phase out based on minimum efficacy per lumen category. The following data were collected in order to perform the techno-economic analysis: (1) Retail prices, efficiency and wattage category in the current market, (2) Usage data (hours of lamp use per day), and (3) Stock data, penetration of efficient lamps in the market. Using these data, PAMS calculates the costs and benefits of efficiency standards from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) The Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation examines costs and benefits from the perspective of the individual household; and (2) The National Perspective projects the total national costs and benefits including both financial benefits, and energy savings and environmental benefits. The national perspective calculations are called the National Energy Savings (NES) and the Net Present Value (NPV) calculations. PAMS also calculate total emission mitigation and avoided generation capacity. This paper describes the data and methodology used in PAMS and presents the results of the proposed phase out of incandescent bulbs in Chile.
Letschert, Virginie E.; McNeil, Michael A.; Leiva Ibanez, Francisco Humberto; Ruiz, Ana Maria; Pavon, Mariana; Hall, Stephen
HIGH-LEVEL MULTI-STEP INVERTER OPTIMIZATION, USING A MINIMUM NUMBER OF POWER TRANSISTORS. Juan 56-41-246-999 e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Multilevel inverters with a large number-5]. Multi-level inverters can operate not only with PWM techniques but also with amplitude modulation (AM
Catholic University of Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
Analysis of Minimum Efficiency Standards and Rebate Incentive Programs for Domestic Refrigerators in the Pacific Northwest.
Refrigerator-freezers (R/Fs) and freezers (FRs) account for 16% of the electricity consumed in the residential sector of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) forecast region (Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Western Montana). After space and water heating, R/Fs are the largest residential electrical end-use. There is great potential for reducing electricity consumption in a cost-effective manner through the purchase and use of more energy-efficient R/Fs and FRs. For example, if every household in the BPA region had the best R/F model now mass-produced, the electricity savings would be about 5 billion kWh/yr, approximately the power supplied annually by 1000 MW of nuclear or coal-fired generating capacity. The Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC) and BPA recognize the savings potential from efficient R/Fs and FRs as well as the barriers to their use. In the 1983 regional power plan, the Council directed BPA to develop and implement incentive and promotion programs for efficient appliances. The NPPC also called for the evaluation of minimum efficiency standards for appliances sold in the region. In response to this directive, the Office of Conservation in BPA funded an evaluation of both rebate incentive programs and minimum efficiency standards for R/Fs and FRs. The results are presented in this report.
Geller, Howard S.
State-Level Benefits of Energy Efficiency
This report describes benefits attributable to state-level energy efficiency programs. Nationwide, state-level energy efficiency programs have targeted all sectors of the economy and have employed a wide range of methods to promote energy efficiency. Standard residential and industrial programs typically identify between 20 to 30% energy savings in homes and plants, respectively. Over a 20 year period of time, an average state that aggressively pursues even a limited array of energy efficiency programs can potentially reduce total state energy use by as much as 20%. Benefit-cost ratios of effective energy efficiency programs typically exceed 3 to 1 and are much higher when non-energy and macroeconomic benefits are included. Indeed, energy efficiency and associated programs and investments can create significant numbers of new jobs and enhance state tax revenues. Several states have incorporated energy efficiency into their economic development programs. It should also be noted that increasing amounts of venture capital are being invested in the energy sector in general and in specific technologies like solar power in particular. Well-designed energy efficiency programs can be expected to help overcome numerous barriers to the market penetration of energy efficient technologies and accelerate the market penetration of the technologies.
Tonn, Bruce Edward [ORNL
Provably Efficient Two-Level Adaptive Scheduling
processor reallocation, our schedulers provide control over the scheduling overhead and ensure effectiveProvably Efficient Two-Level Adaptive Scheduling Yuxiong He1 , Wen-Jing Hsu1 , and Charles E. Multiprocessor scheduling in a shared multiprogramming en- vironment can be structured in two levels, where
Feitelson, Dror
Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean,...
Estimate of Technical Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies
achievable energy-efficient designs, based on emergingachievable energy- efficient designs, based on efficientdesign that achieves high energy efficiency by combining the most efficient
Letschert, Virginie
Merit Review 2014: Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly...
Minimum 186 Basin levels required for operation of ECS and CWS pumps
Operation of K Reactor with a cooling tower requires that 186 Basin loss of inventory transients be considered during Design Basis Accident analyses requiring ECS injection, such as the LOCA and LOPA. Since the cooling tower systems are not considered safety systems, credit is not taken for their continued operation during a LOPA or LOCA even though they would likely continue to operate as designed. Without the continued circulation of cooling water to the 186 Basin by the cooling tower pumps, the 186 Basin will lose inventory until additional make-up can be obtained from the river water supply system. Increasing the make-up to the 186 Basin from the river water system may require the opening of manually operated valves, the starting of additional river water pumps, and adjustments of the flow to L Area. In the time required for these actions a loss of basin inventory could occur. The ECS and CWS pumps are supplied by the 186 Basin. A reduction in the basin level will result in decreased pump suction head. This reduction in suction head will result in decreased output from the pumps and, if severe enough, could lead to pump cavitation for some configurations. The subject of this report is the minimum 186 Basin level required to prevent ECS and CWS pump cavitation. The reduction in ECS flow due to a reduced 186 Basin level without cavitation is part of a separate study.
Reeves, K.K.; Barbour, K.L.
Potential Impact of Adopting Maximum Technologies as Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in the U.S. Residential Sector
The US Department of Energy (US DOE) has placed lighting and appliance standards at a very high priority of the U.S. energy policy. However, the maximum energy savings and CO2 emissions reduction achievable via minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS) has not yet been fully characterized. The Bottom Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS), first developed in 2007, is a global, generic, and modular tool designed to provide policy makers with estimates of potential impacts resulting from MEPS for a variety of products, at the international and/or regional level. Using the BUENAS framework, we estimated potential national energy savings and CO2 emissions mitigation in the US residential sector that would result from the most aggressive policy foreseeable: standards effective in 2014 set at the current maximum technology (Max Tech) available on the market. This represents the most likely characterization of what can be maximally achieved through MEPS in the US. The authors rely on the latest Technical Support Documents and Analytical Tools published by the U.S. Department of Energy as a source to determine appliance stock turnover and projected efficiency scenarios of what would occur in the absence of policy. In our analysis, national impacts are determined for the following end uses: lighting, television, refrigerator-freezers, central air conditioning, room air conditioning, residential furnaces, and water heating. The analyzed end uses cover approximately 65percent of site energy consumption in the residential sector (50percent of the electricity consumption and 80percent of the natural gas and LPG consumption). This paper uses this BUENAS methodology to calculate that energy savings from Max Tech for the U.S. residential sector products covered in this paper will reach an 18percent reduction in electricity demand compared to the base case and 11percent in Natural Gas and LPG consumption by 2030 The methodology results in reductions in CO2 emissions of a similar magnitude.
Letschert, Virginie; Desroches, Louis-Benoit; McNeil, Michael; Saheb, Yamina
Analysis of Minimum Efficiency Standards and Rebate Incentive Programs for Domestic Refrigerators in the Pacific Northwest, Executive Summary.
Refrigerator-freezers (R/Fs) and freezers (FRs) account for 16% of the electricity consumed in the residential sector of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) forecast region (Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Western Montana). After space and water heating, R/Fs are the largest residential electrical end-use. The Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC) and BPA recognize the savings potential from efficient R/Fs and FRs as well as the barriers to their use. In the 1983 regional power plan, the Council directed BPA to develop and implement incentive and promotion programs for efficient appliances. The NPPC also called for the evaluation of minimum efficiency standards for appliances sold in the region. In response to this directive, the Office of Conservation in BPA funded an evaluation of both rebate incentive programs and minimum efficiency standards for R/Fs and FRs. The results are presented in this report. The energy savings potential and economic feasibility of rebate programs and efficiency standards are the primary issues considered.
Level and length of cyclic solar activity during the Maunder minimum as deduced from the active day statistics
The Maunder minimum (MM) of greatly reduced solar activity took place in 1645-1715, but the exact level of sunspot activity is uncertain as based, to a large extent, on historical generic statements of the absence of spots on the Sun. Here we aim, using a conservative approach, to assess the level and length of solar cycle during the Maunder minimum, on the basis of direct historical records by astronomers of that time. A database of the active and inactive days (days with and without recorded sunspots on the solar disc respectively) is constructed for three models of different levels of conservatism (loose ML, optimum MO and strict MS models) regarding generic no-spot records. We have used the active day fraction to estimate the group sunspot number during the MM. A clear cyclic variability is found throughout the MM with peaks at around 1655--1657, 1675, 1684 and 1705, and possibly 1666, with the active day fraction not exceeding 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 during the core MM, for the three models. Estimated sunspot nu...
Vaquero, J M; Usoskin, I G; Carrasco, V M S; Gallego, M C
Application Level Optimizations for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Stability
-efficiency, and (ii) the effect of temperature optimization on system-level energy consumption. 1. INTRODUCTION Recent]. A closely related issue is ther- mal management: High power consumption not only increases opera- tional challenges--Performance, Energy, and Temperature (PET)--solely through novel hardware design. We know
Coskun, Ayse
Determining Levels of Productivity and Efficiency in the Electricity Industry
A few major themes run fairly consistently through the history of productivity and efficiency analysis of the electricity industry: environmental controls, economies of scale, and private versus government.
Abbott, Malcolm
Working smarter The next level of university efficiencies
leadership in shared procurement, shared IT and energy efficiency. We also accept the need, as a recipient record of working together to achieve efficiency. The sector has strengths on which to build and best practice to share with other sectors. Universities have consistently exceeded government targets
Edinburgh, University of
Minimum resource requirements and adjustments needed for specified levels of farm income on the Blackland soils of the Blackland area of Texas
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 10 10 17 The Linear Programming Technique . Source of' Data General Plan of' the Study Basic Assumptions Equity in Land Labor . Capital . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ Level of Technology Unallocated Overhead Costs Machinery... Resource Programming Models RESULTS OF MINIMUM RESOURCE PROGRAMMING e 4 17 18 18 21 21 24 25 27 28 28 30 30 31 32 32 33 34 35 38 Comparison of Results of Minimizing Land, Labor and Total Cost $3, 000 Return to Operator's Labor...
Parekh, Jayanti Lal
Kernel Level Energy-Efficient 3G Background Traffic Shaper for Android Smartphones
Kernel Level Energy-Efficient 3G Background Traffic Shaper for Android Smartphones Ekhiotz Jon energy-efficient, the lack of energy aware- ness on the software front is becoming all too apparent
This is a preprint of the following article, which is available from http://mdolab.engin.umich.edu/content/ multidisciplinary-design-optimization-offshore-wind-turbines-minimum-levelized-cost-energy. The published
://mdolab.engin.umich.edu/content/ multidisciplinary-design-optimization-offshore-wind-turbines-minimum-levelized-cost-energy. The published article.A.M. van Kuik. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Offshore Wind Turbines for Minimum Levelized Cost of Energy. Renewable Energy (In press), 2014 Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Offshore Wind Turbines
Papalambros, Panos
Nearest Neighbor Averaging and its Effect on the Critical Level and Minimum Detectable Concentration for Scanning Radiological Survey Instruments that Perform Facility Release Surveys.
Through the SNL New Mexico Small Business Assistance (NMSBA) program, several Sandia engineers worked with the Environmental Restoration Group (ERG) Inc. to verify and validate a novel algorithm used to determine the scanning Critical Level (L c ) and Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) (or Minimum Detectable Areal Activity) for the 102F scanning system. Through the use of Monte Carlo statistical simulations the algorithm mathematically demonstrates accuracy in determining the L c and MDC when a nearest-neighbor averaging (NNA) technique was used. To empirically validate this approach, SNL prepared several spiked sources and ran a test with the ERG 102F instrument on a bare concrete floor known to have no radiological contamination other than background naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). The tests conclude that the NNA technique increases the sensitivity (decreases the L c and MDC) for high-density data maps that are obtained by scanning radiological survey instruments.
Fournier, Sean Donovan; Beall, Patrick S [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA; Miller, Mark L.
Development of minimum efficiency standards for large capacity air conditioners, and commercial water heaters, refrigerators, and freezers. Final report
The California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission has promulgated appliance energy efficiency standards and energy conservation standards for new construction with the objective of reducing energy consumption in the State of California. The following appliance categories are specifically addressed: large capacity air conditioners; commercial water heaters; and commercial refrigerators and freezers. The tasks that have been performed include: an energy use pattern study for the subject equipment; an examination of the size distribution of commercial air conditioning equipment; an examination of the different types of commercial air conditioning systems; an evaluation of the effectiveness of economizers in reducing commercial air conditioning system energy consumption in California; an examination of the effects of oversizing commercial air conditioners; a detailed study of supermarket refrigeration and air conditioning equipment; an evaluation of the economic feasibility of utilizing air conditioner waste heat to heat water; an assessment of the applicability of existing test procedures for small water heaters to large water heaters; and a brief investigation of the marketing and distribution systems for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Results of the efforts are described.
Merrill, P.S.; Rettberg, R.J.; Erickson, R.C.; Toor, J.S.
Energy Efficiency Policy in the United States: Overview of Trends at Different Levels of Government
This report catalogs by sector--buildings, transportation, industrial, and power--energy efficiency policies at the federal, state, and local levels, and identifies some prominent policy trends. Four key findings emerged from this report: 1) leadership on energy efficiency is necessary--and is found--at each level of government; 2) there is no widely accepted methodology for evaluating energy efficiency policies; 3) coordination among the three levels of government--and across sectors--is increasingly important, and there are opportunities to significantly improve policy performance through a unified strategy; and 4) there are efficiencies to be gained by informing policies in one sector with experience from others.
Doris, E.; Cochran, J.; Vorum, M.
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection a thermal-conscious system-level methodology to make energy-efficient voltage selection (VS) for nanometer), thermal resistance, are integrated and considered in our system models, and their impacts on energy
Wang, Yu
ORNL takes energy-efficient housing to a new level
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TVA and the Department of Energy are taking energy-saving research into a West Knox County neighborhood. In the Campbell Creek subdivision, ORNL researchers have helped builders to construct three homes with three different levels of energy-saving features.
OPERATING EXPERIENCE LEVEL 3, Requalification Test Failure of Certain High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters- Update
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
2014-01 Operating Experience Level 3 (OE-3) document provides information regarding the previous requalification test failure and subsequent successful requalification, of certain high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter models manufactured by Flanders Corporation.
Water Use Efficiency in Plant Growth and Ambient Carbon Dioxide Level
TR-42 1972 Water Use Efficiency in Plant Growth and Ambient Carbon Dioxide Level C.H. M. van Bavel Texas Water Resources Institute Texas A&M University ...
van Bavel, C. H. M.
Efficient Implementation of Polynomial Arithmetic in a Multiple-Level Programming
Efficient Implementation of Polynomial Arithmetic in a Multiple-Level Programming Environment Xin-level programming environment. We are interested in the integration of polynomial data type implementations realized of this study is to investigate implementation techniques for polynomial arithmetic in a multiple
Moreno Maza, Marc
c 2005 by Ruchira Sasanka. All rights reserved. ENERGY EFFICIENT SUPPORT FOR ALL LEVELS OF PARALLELISM
c 2005 by Ruchira Sasanka. All rights reserved. #12;ENERGY EFFICIENT SUPPORT FOR ALL LEVELS.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005 Urbana, Illinois #12;Abstract Real-time complex media
Adve, Sarita
A Universal Level Converter Towards the Realization of Energy Efficient Implantable Drug Delivery
of the system which will then require a heat transfer mech- anism, affecting the portion of the body whereA Universal Level Converter Towards the Realization of Energy Efficient Implantable Drug Delivery and can block an input signal. We have prototyped a ULC using 32nm high-/metal-gate nano-CMOS technology
Mohanty, Saraju P.
Oxygen at Nanomolar Levels Reversibly Suppresses Process Rates and Gene Expression in Anammox and Denitrification in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Northern Chile
A major percentage (20 to 40%) of global marine fixed-nitrogen loss occurs in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Concentrations of O[subscript 2] and the sensitivity of the anaerobic N[subscript 2]-producing processes of anammox ...
Dalsgaard, Tage
24 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 1998 Efficient Algorithms for the Minimum
of the MSPSA problem is called the minimum rectilinear Steiner arborescence (MRSA) problem. Given a set be shown that an MSPSA of is an MRSA of . The MSPSA and MRSA problems have applications to performance for the MRSA problem can be cl
Cong, Jason "Jingsheng"
Potential for Branch Predictor Adaptation at the Program and Phase Level for Performance and Energy-Efficiency
Potential for Branch Predictor Adaptation at the Program and Phase Level for Performance and Energy-Efficiency savings were performed. The performance and energy- efficiency of an 8-wide issue, out-of-order processor of the branch predictor configuration to improve overall processor energy- efficiency. The results
Co, Michele
Alcoa Can't Wait for Tomorrow: Taking Energy Efficiency to the Next Level
Alcoa Can?t Wait For Tomorrow Taking Energy Efficiency to the next level IETC May 23, 2013 ESL-IE-13-05-26 Proceedings of the Thrity-Fifth Industrial Energy Technology Conference New Orleans, LA. May 21-24, 2013 Alcoa at a Glance ? Founded..., including the original aluminum process 2 ESL-IE-13-05-26 Proceedings of the Thrity-Fifth Industrial Energy Technology Conference New Orleans, LA. May 21-24, 2013 The Aluminum Leader for 125 Years 3 F Upstream Bauxite mining Alumina refining...
Brockway, W.
Minimum cost model energy code envelope requirements
This paper describes the analysis underlying development of the U.S. Department of Energy`s proposed revisions of the Council of American Building Officials (CABO) 1993 Model Energy Code (MEC) building thermal envelope requirements for single-family and low-rise multifamily residences. This analysis resulted in revised MEC envelope conservation levels based on an objective methodology that determined the minimum-cost combination of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) for residences in different locations around the United States. The proposed MEC revision resulted from a cost-benefit analysis from the consumer`s perspective. In this analysis, the costs of the EEMs were balanced against the benefit of energy savings. Detailed construction, financial, economic, and fuel cost data were compiled, described in a technical support document, and incorporated in the analysis. A cost minimization analysis was used to compare the present value of the total long-nm costs for several alternative EEMs and to select the EEMs that achieved the lowest cost for each location studied. This cost minimization was performed for 881 cities in the United States, and the results were put into the format used by the MEC. This paper describes the methodology for determining minimum-cost energy efficiency measures for ceilings, walls, windows, and floors and presents the results in the form of proposed revisions to the MEC. The proposed MEC revisions would, on average, increase the stringency of the MEC by about 10%.
Connor, C.C.; Lucas, R.G.; Turchen, S.J.
Improving the Fermilab Booster Notching Efficiency, Beam Losses and Radiation Levels
A fast vertical 1.08-m long kicker (notcher) located in the Fermilab Booster Long-05 straight section is currently used to remove 3 out of 84 circulating bunches after injection to generate an abort gap. With the maximum magnetic field of 72.5 Gauss, it removes only 87% of the 3-bunch intensity at 400 MeV, with 75% loss on pole tips of the focusing Booster magnets, 11% on the Long-06 collimators, and 1% in the rest of the ring. We propose to improve the notching efficiency and reduce beam loss in the Booster by using three horizontal kickers in the Long-12 section. STRUCT calculations show that using horizontal notchers, one can remove up to 96% of the 3-bunch intensity at 400-700 MeV, directing 95% of it to a new beam dump at the Long-13 section. This fully decouples notching and collimation. The beam dump absorbs most of the impinging proton energy in its jaws. The latter are encapsulated into an appropriate radiation shielding that reduces impact on the machine components, personnel and environment to the tolerable levels. MARS simulations show that corresponding prompt and residual radiation levels can be reduced ten times compared to the current ones.
Rakhno, I.L.; Drozhdin, A.I.; Mokhov, N.V.; Sidorov, V.I.; Tropin, I.S.; /Fermilab
Dynamically Reconfigurable Hybrid Cache: An Energy-Efficient Last-Level Cache Design
-chip cache has become a bottleneck for energy-efficient design due to its high leakage power. Designers have
Potkonjak, Miodrag
Evaluation of Affordable Prototype Houses at Two Levels of Energy Efficiency
Two high performance prototype houses were built in Carbondale, Colorado, as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America (BA) Program. Each prototype was a 1256 ft2 (117 m2), 1-story, 3-bedroom house, and met the local requirements for affordable housing. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) performed short-term field testing and DOE-2.2 simulations in support of this project at the end of December 2004. We also installed long-term monitoring equipment in one of the houses, and are currently tracking the performance of key building systems under occupied conditions. One of the houses (designated H1) included a package of cost-effective energy efficiency features that placed it well above the Energy Star level, targeting a Home Energy Rating System (HERS) score of 88-89. The other (designated H2) was a BA research house, targeting a HERS score of 94-95, and 45% whole-house energy savings compared to the BA Benchmark. Preliminary results from the field evaluation indicate that the energy savings for both houses will exceed the design targets established for the project, although the performance of certain building systems, including the ventilation and foundation systems, leave some room for improvement.
Hendron, R.; Barker, G.; Hancock, E.; Reeves, P.
Haemers' Minimum Rank.
??Haemers' minimum rank was first defined by Willem Haemers in 1979. He created this graph parameter as an upper bound for the Shannon capacity of� (more)
Tims, Geoff
The Minimum Price Contract
A minimum price contract is one of many tools a marketer may use to better manage price and production risk while trying to achieve financial goals and objectives. This publication discusses the advantages and disadvantages involved...
Waller, Mark L.; Amosson, Stephen H.; Welch, Mark; Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
Behavioral ESD Protection Modeling to perform System Level ESD Efficient Design
) and semi- conductor suppliers, the prediction of ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) events into design phase goal of the proposed model is that it could be shared by IC suppliers and EMs to ensure that ICs can aggressions of a system. The level of ESD stress required during the system qualification is increasing over
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Efficient management of IT Infrastructure implementation and support at enterprise level
This paper deals with how to manage effectively in the design, implementation and support of an IT infrastructure at an enterprise level. This particular management is lacking in today's IT infrastructure scenario. Just implementation is not sufficient for an NON-IT industry, they need a proper support in the infrastructure like documentation, support work flow, ticketing systems (used for IT related issue either hardware or software) etc... Many organizations spend a lot of money for this support and they expect a lot from the provider. Many providers sign in the SLA that they will provide them with an excellent support, but 80-90% it doesn't happen. Many times they don't meet the expectations of their client. So how to make these expectations being met 100% for the client? That is what is going to be discussed in this paper with respect to ITIL framework and other technical terminologies.
Balakrishnan, Bhargav
A study of IMRT planning parameters on planning efficiency, delivery efficiency, and plan quality
Purpose: To improve planning and delivery efficiency of head and neck IMRT without compromising planning quality through the evaluation of inverse planning parameters.Methods: Eleven head and neck patients with pre-existing IMRT treatment plans were selected for this retrospective study. The Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) was used to compute new treatment plans for each patient by varying the individual or the combined parameters of dose/fluence grid resolution, minimum MU per segment, and minimum segment area. Forty-five plans per patient were generated with the following variations: 4 dose/fluence grid resolution plans, 12 minimum segment area plans, 9 minimum MU plans, and 20 combined minimum segment area/minimum MU plans. Each plan was evaluated and compared to others based on dose volume histograms (DVHs) (i.e., plan quality), planning time, and delivery time. To evaluate delivery efficiency, a model was developed that estimated the delivery time of a treatment plan, and validated through measurements on an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator. Results: The uncertainty (i.e., variation) of the dose-volume index due to dose calculation grid variation was as high as 8.2% (5.5 Gy in absolute dose) for planning target volumes (PTVs) and 13.3% (2.1 Gy in absolute dose) for planning at risk volumes (PRVs). Comparison results of dose distributions indicated that smaller volumes were more susceptible to uncertainties. The grid resolution of a 4 mm dose grid with a 2 mm fluence grid was recommended, since it can reduce the final dose calculation time by 63% compared to the accepted standard (2 mm dose grid with a 2 mm fluence grid resolution) while maintaining a similar level of dose-volume index variation. Threshold values that maintained adequate plan quality (DVH results of the PTVs and PRVs remained satisfied for their dose objectives) were 5 cm{sup 2} for minimum segment area and 5 MU for minimum MU. As the minimum MU parameter was increased, the number of segments and delivery time were decreased. Increasing the minimum segment area parameter decreased the plan MU, but had less of an effect on the number of segments and delivery time. Our delivery time model predicted delivery time to within 1.8%. Conclusions: Increasing the dose grid while maintaining a small fluence grid allows for improved planning efficiency without compromising plan quality. Delivery efficiency can be improved by increasing the minimum MU, but not the minimum segment area. However, increasing the respective minimum MU and/or the minimum segment area to any value greater than 5 MU and 5 cm{sup 2} is not recommended because it degrades plan quality.
Mittauer, Kathryn [Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603 and J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (United States); Lu Bo; Yan Guanghua; Kahler, Darren; Amdur, Robert; Liu Chihray [Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603 (United States); Gopal, Arun [Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032 (United States)
Theoretical Minimum Energy Use of a Building HVAC System
This paper investigates the theoretical minimum energy use required by the HVAC system in a particular code compliant office building. This limit might be viewed as the "Carnot Efficiency" for HVAC system. It assumes that all ventilation and air...
Tanskyi, O.
Optimizing rotational acceleration curves for minimum energy use in electric
Optimizing rotational acceleration curves for minimum energy use in electric motors. 12/15/06 Fall the optimal efficiency of a motor for any input values of motor constants, distance, or time. In every of the inspiration to find which rotational acceleration curve for the used motors would be most efficient. We really
Ruina, Andy L.
Localized Minimum-Energy Broadcasting for Wireless Multihop Networks
tree. We then observe that, for very dense networks, it is more energy-efficient to reach more than oneLocalized Minimum-Energy Broadcasting for Wireless Multihop Networks with Directional Antennas, and Carmen M. Yago Abstract--There are a number of proposals to achieve energy-efficient broadcasting
Stojmenovic, Ivan
Minimum-Hot-Spot Query Trees for Wireless Sensor Networks
an energy- efficient query routing tree. (a) Energy harvesting for battery- less nodes for the (b) Voltree to the querying node. Energy-efficient query routing trees are needed in a plethora of systems such as PeopleMinimum-Hot-Spot Query Trees for Wireless Sensor Networks Georgios Chatzimilioudis Dept
Zeinalipour, Demetris
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, VOL. 8, NO. 3, JUNE 2000 299 A Survey of Design Techniques for System-Level
management of hardware components. Index Terms--Energy conservation, energy management, opti- mization and performance levels with a minimum number of active components or a minimum load on such com- ponents. DPM encompasses a set of techniques that achieves energy-efficient computation by selectively turning off (or re
Bogliolo, Alessandro
A thermodynamic cycle more efficient than an infinite set of carnot engines operating between the same temperature levels
A theoretical thermodynamic cycle more efficient than an infinite set of Carnot engines is presented. This result is unexpected from the point of view of classical thermodynamics.
Jose Belandria
Minimum Gas Service Standards (Ohio)
Natural gas companies in Ohio are required to follow the Minimum Gas Service Standards, which are set and enforced by the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio. These rules are found in chapter 4901...
Minimum Stream Flow Standards (Connecticut)
These regulations apply to all dams and structures which impound or divert waters on rivers or their tributaries, with some exceptions. The regulations set standards for minimum flow (listed in the...
Life-cycle cost analysis of energy efficiency design options for residential furnaces and boilers
energy conservation standard in terms of the Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) descriptor at a minimum
Lutz, James; Lekov, Alex; Whitehead, Camilla Dunham; Chan, Peter; Meyers, Steve; McMahon, James
Campus Outdoor Lighting Standards The following standards provide for minimum safe lighting standards for outdoor area of
Campus Outdoor Lighting Standards The following standards provide for minimum safe lighting with a minimum of 3 foot candles. This lighting level is for daytime and at night. Public Streets Streets must have a minimum of one foot candles average with a minimum of .6 foot candles. Augmented lighting should
de Lijser, Peter
Development of energy-efficiency standards for Indian refrigerators
The application of advanced techniques in engineering simulation and economic analysis for the development of efficiency standards for Indian refrigerators is illustrated in this paper. A key feature of this methodology is refrigerator simulation to generate energy savings for a set of energy-efficient design options and life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis with these design options. The LCC of a refrigerator is analyzed as a function of five variables: nominal discount rate, fuel price, appliance lifetime, incremental price, and incremental energy savings. The frequency of occurrence of the LCC minimum at any design option indicates the optimum efficiency level or range. Studies carried out in the US and European Economic Community show that the location of the LCC minimum under different scenarios (e.g., variable fuel price, life-time, discount rate, and incremental price) is quite stable. Thus, an efficiency standard can be developed based on the efficiency value at the LCC minimum. This paper examines and uses this methodology in developing efficiency standards for Indian refrigerators. The potential efficiency standard value is indicated to be 0.65 kWh/day for a 165-liter, CFC-based, manual defrost, single-door refrigerator-freezer.
Bhatia, P.
Cummins SuperTruck Program Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Career Scientists'Montana. DOCUMENTS AVAILABLEReport 2009Site | Department ofHighly Efficient
GMTI radar minimum detectable velocity.
Minimum detectable velocity (MDV) is a fundamental consideration for the design, implementation, and exploitation of ground moving-target indication (GMTI) radar imaging modes. All single-phase-center air-to-ground radars are characterized by an MDV, or a minimum radial velocity below which motion of a discrete nonstationary target is indistinguishable from the relative motion between the platform and the ground. Targets with radial velocities less than MDV are typically overwhelmed by endoclutter ground returns, and are thus not generally detectable. Targets with radial velocities greater than MDV typically produce distinct returns falling outside of the endoclutter ground returns, and are thus generally discernible using straightforward detection algorithms. This document provides a straightforward derivation of MDV for an air-to-ground single-phase-center GMTI radar operating in an arbitrary geometry.
Richards, John Alfred
Appliance Efficiency Standards and Price Discrimination
2: Definition of Energy Efficiency-Based Market Segments/Minimum & ENERGY STAR Standards Market Segment Descriptiondrops. The markets for large energy consuming appliances are
Spurlock, Cecily Anna
Ninety - Two Percent Minimum Heater Efficiency By 1980
exchangers used to transfer heat to tqe com- I bustion air are divided into two groups. IndiIlect ! heat exchangers called "regenerative" types an~ direct heat exchangers called "recuperative" types. In a regenerative air heater, heat is transferred i...~duced I draft, air preheat system. This system can ac~omodate either a regenerative or recuperative air heater and ! Fig. 5 - Heat recovery systems. 857 ESL-IE-80-04-157 Proceedings from the Second Industrial Energy Technology Conference Houston, TX...
Mieth, H. C.; Hardie, J. E.
On Cartesian trees and range minimum queries
We present new results on Cartesian trees with applications in range minimum queries and bottleneck edge queries. We introduce a cache-oblivious Cartesian tree for solving the range minimum query problem, a Cartesian tree ...
Demaine, Erik D.
HEAT Loan Minimum Standards and Requirements
Presents additional resources on loan standards and requirements from Elise Avers' presentation on HEAT Loan Minimum Standards and Requirements.
Energy Consumption of Minimum Energy Coding in
Energy Consumption of Minimum Energy Coding in CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks Benigno Zurita Ares://www.ee.kth.se/control Abstract. A theoretical framework is proposed for accurate perfor- mance analysis of minimum energy coding energy consumption is analyzed for two coding schemes proposed in the literature: Minimum Energy coding
Johansson, Karl Henrik
Multiple criteria minimum spanning trees Pedro Cardoso
Multiple criteria minimum spanning trees Pedro Cardoso M´ario Jesus ´Alberto M´arquez Abstract The NP multiple criteria minimum spanning tree as several applications into the network design problems criteria minimum spanning trees. There are several geometric network design and application problems
Coello, Carlos A. Coello
Requirements: A minimum of 15 PSYC credits, including
» Three other 2000-3000-level PSYC courses (any area) No more than 3 credits of PSYC 3889 or 3999 canRequirements: A minimum of 15 PSYC credits, including: » One Area I course » One Area II course) ___2100 (Principles of Research in Psychology) Area I. Social, Developmental, Clinical, & Industrial
Alpay, S. Pamir
Hazardous Waste Minimum Distance Requirements (Connecticut)
These regulations set minimum distance requirements between certain types of facilities that generate, process, store, and dispose of hazardous waste and other land uses. The regulations require an...
TV Energy Consumption Trends and Energy-Efficiency Improvement Options
The SEAD initiative aims to transform the global market by increasing the penetration of highly efficient equipment and appliances. SEAD is a government initiative whose activities and projects engage the private sector to realize the large global energy savings potential from improved appliance and equipment efficiency. SEAD seeks to enable high-level global action by informing the Clean Energy Ministerial dialogue as one of the initiatives in the Global Energy Efficiency Challenge. In keeping with its goal of achieving global energy savings through efficiency, SEAD was approved as a task within the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) in January 2010. SEAD partners work together in voluntary activities to: (1) ?raise the efficiency ceiling? by pulling super-efficient appliances and equipment into the market through cooperation on measures like incentives, procurement, awards, and research and development (R&D) investments; (2) ?raise the efficiency floor? by working together to bolster national or regional policies like minimum efficiency standards; and (3) ?strengthen the efficiency foundations? of programs by coordinating technical work to support these activities. Although not all SEAD partners may decide to participate in every SEAD activity, SEAD partners have agreed to engage actively in their particular areas of interest through commitment of financing, staff, consultant experts, and other resources. In addition, all SEAD partners are committed to share information, e.g., on implementation schedules for and the technical detail of minimum efficiency standards and other efficiency programs. Information collected and created through SEAD activities will be shared among all SEAD partners and, to the extent appropriate, with the global public.As of April 2011, the governments participating in SEAD are: Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. More information on SEAD is available from its website at http://www.superefficient.org/.
Park, Won Young; Phadke, Amol; Shah, Nihar; Letschert, Virginie
Knots and Minimum Distance Energy Rosanna Speller
Knots and Minimum Distance Energy Rosanna Speller (Dated: May 11, 2008) Professor Elizabeth Denne have least Minimum Distance Energy. I previously showed that the energy is minimized for convex polygons. We hope relating the energy to chords of polygons will be a helpful step towards showing
Denne, Elizabeth
Energy-Efficiency Labels and Standards: A Guidebook for Appliances, Equipment, and Lighting - 2nd Edition
minimum efficiency standards, initiated in 1989, was strengthened by the Energy Conservation Law in 1997, which put end- use energy efficiency and standards
Wiel, Stephen; McMahon, James E.
Energy Level Alignment in PCDTBT:PC70BM Solar Cells: Solution Processed NiOx for Improved Hole Collection and Efficiency
Solution-based NiO{sub x} outperforms PEDOT:PSS in device performance and stability when used as a hole-collection layer in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells formed with poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and PC70BM. The origin of the enhancement is clarified by studying the interfacial energy level alignment between PCDTBT or the 1:4 blended heterojunctions and PEDOT:PSS or NiO{sub x} using ultraviolet and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. The 1.6 eV electronic gap of PEDOT:PSS and energy level alignment with the BHJ result in poor hole selectivity of PEDOT:PSS and allows electron recombination at the PEDOT:PSS/BHJ interface. Conversely, the large band gap (3.7 eV) of NiO{sub x} and interfacial dipole (0.6 eV) with the organic active layer leads to a hole-selective interface. This interfacial dipole yields enhanced electron blocking properties by increasing the barrier to electron injection. The presence of such a strong dipole is predicted to further promote hole collection from the organic layer into the oxide, resulting in increased fill factor and short circuit current. An overall decrease in recombination is manifested in an increase in open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the device on NiO{sub x} versus PEDOT:PSS interlayers.
Ratcliff, E. L.; Meyer, J.; Steirer, K. X.; Armstrong, N. R.; Olson, D.; Kahn, A.
A multi-band, multi-level, multi-electron model for efficient FDTD simulations of electromagnetic interactions with semiconductor quantum wells
We report a new computational model for simulations of electromagnetic interactions with semiconductor quantum well(s) (SQW) in complex electromagnetic geometries using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The presented model is based on an approach of spanning a large number of electron transverse momentum states in each SQW sub-band (multi-band) with a small number of discrete multi-electron states (multi-level, multi-electron). This enables accurate and efficient two dimensional (2-D) and 3-D simulations of nanophotonic devices with SQW active media. The model includes the following features: (1) Optically induced interband transitions between various SQW conduction and heavy-hole or light-hole sub-bands are considered. (2) Novel intra sub-band and inter sub-band transition terms are derived to thermalize the electron and hole occupational distributions to the correct Fermi-Dirac distributions. (3) The terms in (2) result in an explicit update scheme which circumvents numerically cumbersome ite...
Ravi, Koustuban; Ho, Seng-Tiong
Flammability limits of dusts: Minimum inerting concentrations
A new flammability limit parameter has been defined as the Minimum Inerting Concentration (MIC). This is the concentration of inertant required to prevent a dust explosion regardless of fuel concentration. Previous experimental work at Fike in a 1-m{sup 3} spherical chamber has shown this flammability limit to exist for pulverized coal dust and cornstarch. In the current work, inerting experiments with aluminum, anthraquinone and polyethylene dusts as fuels were performed, using monoammonium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate as inertants. The results show that an MIC exists only for anthraquinone inerted with sodium bicarbonate. The other combustible dust and inertant mixtures did not show a definitive MIC, although they did show a strong dependence between inerting level and suspended fuel concentration. As the fuel concentration increased, the amount of inertant required to prevent an explosion decreased. Even though a definitive MIC was not found for most of the dusts an effective MIC can be estimated from the data. The use of MIC data can aid in the design of explosion suppression schemes.
Dastidar, A.G.; Amyotte, P.R. [Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada). Dept. of Chemical Engineering] [Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada). Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Going, J.; Chatrathi, K. [Fike Corp., Blue Springs, MO (United States)] [Fike Corp., Blue Springs, MO (United States)
Minimum rank of graphs that allow loops.
??The traditional "minimum rank problem" for simple graphs associates a set of symmetric matrices, the zero-nonzero pattern of whose off-diagonal entries are described by the� (more)
Mikkelson, Rana C.
Credible Research Designs for Minimum Wage Studies
adjusted Current Employment Statistics data from BLS. TheBureau of Labor Statistics� Employment and Earnings Reports.and Statistics 92, 4: 945-64. [27] _________2013. �Minimum Wage Shocks, Employment
Allegretto, Sylvia; Dube, Arindrajit; Reich, Michael; Zipperer, Ben
An Approach to Evaluating Equipment Efficiency Policies
The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 authorized studies of several types of industrial equipment to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of labeling rules and minimum energy efficiency standards. An approach...
Newsom, D. E.; Evans, A. R.
ITP Steel: Theoretical Minimum Energies to Produce Steel for...
Theoretical Minimum Energies to Produce Steel for Selected Conditions, March 2000 ITP Steel: Theoretical Minimum Energies to Produce Steel for Selected Conditions, March 2000...
The minimum of solar cycle 24 is significantly different from most other minima in terms of its duration as well as its abnormally low levels of activity. Using available helioseismic data that cover epochs from the minimum of cycle 23 to now, we study the differences in the nature of the solar rotation between the minima of cycles 23 and 24. We find that there are significant differences between the rotation rates during the two minima. There are differences in the zonal-flow pattern too. We find that the band of fast rotating region close to the equator bifurcated around 2005 and recombined by 2008. This behavior is different from that during the cycle 23 minimum. By autocorrelating the zonal-flow pattern with a time shift, we find that in terms of solar dynamics, solar cycle 23 lasted for a period of 11.7 years, consistent with the result of Howe et al. (2009). The autocorrelation coefficient also confirms that the zonal-flow pattern penetrates through the convection zone.
Antia, H. M. [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005 (India); Basu, Sarbani, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven CT 06520-8101 (United States)
The Bachelor of Management degree in International Management is a minimum of 40 courses in length. Admission to the Faculty may occur at the end of Year One. Students are required to have completed the following courses, with a minimum
*Management 4640 - Cross-Cultural Work Study Four courses at the 3000/4000 level from any faculty A minimumThe Bachelor of Management degree in International Management is a minimum of 40 courses in length) and Statistics 1770. Admission to Management programs is competitive and is based on academic achievement prior
Seldin, Jonathan P.
Building Information Modeling - A Minimum Mathematical Configuration
minimum information required to execute the construction of a project. A plain concrete beam element was used as the case study for this research. The results show that a minimal information schema can be developed for a simple building element. Further...
Bhandare, Ruchika
Learning Minimum Volume Sets Clayton Scott
Learning Minimum Volume Sets Clayton Scott Statistics Department Rice University Houston, TX 77005 herein are primarily of theoretical interest, although they may be implemented e#eciently for certain measure based on S: # P (G) = (1/n) # n i=1 I(X i # G). Here I(·) is the indicator function. Set µ
Scott, Clayton
Minimum Energy Diagrams for Multieffect Distillation Arrangements
and the energy use from this process accounts for an estimated 3% of the world energy consumption.1 With rising on the overall plant energy consumption. The use of heat integration combined with complex config- urations distillation ar- rangements. An easy form of comparison for energy consumption is the minimum vapor flow rate
Skogestad, Sigurd
Parametric and Kinetic Minimum Spanning Trees Pankaj K. Agarwal 1
Parametric and Kinetic Minimum Spanning Trees Pankaj K. Agarwal 1 David Eppstein 2 Leonidas J. Guibas 3 Monika R. Henzinger 4 Abstract We consider the parametric minimum spanning tree problem- pute the sequence of minimum spanning trees generated as varies. We also consider the kinetic minimum
Eppstein, David
Haruvy, Katok and Pavlov: Efficiency of Coordinating Contracts Can Coordinating Contracts Improve Channel Efficiency?
. Specifically, we look at three contract formats--wholesale price, two-part-tariff and minimum order quantity and extracting surplus through a lump sum payment (two part tariff) or through announcing a minimum order quantity treatment are far more efficient than two-part-tariff proposals in terms of the overall surplus
Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks
Presentation given by Peterbilt at 2014 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting about the technology and system level...
Energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial equipment: Additional opportunities
Energy efficiency standards set minimum levels of energy efficiency that must be met by new products. Depending on the dynamics of the market and the level of the standard, the effect on the market for a given product may be small, moderate, or large. Energy efficiency standards address a number of market failures that exist in the buildings sector. Decisions about efficiency levels often are made by people who will not be responsible for the energy bill, such as landlords or developers of commercial buildings. Many buildings are occupied for their entire lives by very temporary owners or renters, each unwilling to make long-term investments that would mostly reward subsequent users. And sometimes what looks like apathy about efficiency merely reflects inadequate information or time invested to evaluate it. In addition to these sector-specific market failures, energy efficiency standards address the endemic failure of energy prices to incorporate externalities. In the U.S., energy efficiency standards for consumer products were first implemented in California in 1977. National standards became effective starting in 1988. By the end of 2001, national standards were in effect for over a dozen residential appliances, as well as for a number of commercial sector products. Updated standards will take effect in the next few years for several products. Outside the U.S., over 30 countries have adopted minimum energy performance standards. Technologies and markets are dynamic, and additional opportunities to improve energy efficiency exist. There are two main avenues for extending energy efficiency standards. One is upgrading standards that already exist for specific products. The other is adopting standards for products that are not covered by existing standards. In the absence of new and upgraded energy efficiency standards, it is likely that many new products will enter the stock with lower levels of energy efficiency than would otherwise be the case. Once in the stock, it is either impossible or more costly to improve the energy efficiency. Therefore, by not expanding or upgrading energy efficiency standards, opportunities for saving energy would be lost. In the past two decades, standards have significantly raised the level of energy efficiency for new products. How much more might be gained by making standards more stringent on products already subject to them, or by extending standards to products not yet covered? The main goal of this study is to estimate key national impacts of new and upgraded energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial equipment. These impacts approximate the opportunity for national benefits that may be lost if standards are not upgraded and expanded from current levels. This study also identifies the end uses where the largest opportunities exist. This analysis was prepared for the National Commission on Energy Policy (NCEP). It uses an analytical approach that is similar in concept to that used by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to set standard levels. It relies on much less data and uses more simplified assumptions than the detailed and complex formulations used in DOE's standard-setting process. The results of this analysis should thus be viewed as a first approximation of the impacts that would actually be achieved by new standards. All monetary values in this report are in 2002 dollars.
Rosenquist, Greg; McNeil, Michael; Iyer, Maithili; Meyers, Steve; McMahon, Jim
Efficiency Maine Multifamily Efficiency Program
Efficiency Maine's Multifamily Efficiency Program offers incentives to multifamily residency building owners for improving energy efficiency. Residencies must have 5 to 20 apartment units to...
Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism Vol. 3 Submitted 11/2001; Published 2002 The Design of DEETM: a Framework for Dynamic Energy Efficiency and
Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism Vol. 3 Submitted 11/2001; Published 2002 The Design use is desirable in all systems. However, it is critical in portable devices, where battery energy]; better signal encoding [9]; low power memory design techniques [10] like bank partitioning
Renau, Jose
Approximating the Minimum Spanning Tree Weight in Sublinear Time
Approximating the Minimum Spanning Tree Weight in Sublinear Time Bernard Chazelle #3; Ronitt a parameter 0 minimum spanning tree- components algorithm picks O(1=#15; 2 ) vertices in the graph and then grows \\local spanning trees" whose
Trevisan, Luca
New Lighting Fixtures: Combining Creativity and Style with Energy Efficiency
This article for a building trade magazine describes a national design competition for energy efficient lighting sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, the American Lighting Association, and the Consortium for Energy Efficiency, with winners announced at ALA's Annual Conference May 14, 2004, in Tucson. The Lighting for Tomorrow competition was the first national lighting fixture design competition focusing on energy-efficient residential lighting. The competition invited fixture manufacturers and designers to come up with beautiful, functional lighting fixtures that also happen to be energy efficient. Fixtures were required to use a ''dedicated'' energy-efficient light source, such as a pin-based fluorescent lamp that cannot be replaced with a screw-in incandescent bulb. Fixtures also had to meet a minimum energy efficiency level that eliminated use of incandescent and halogen lamps, leaving the door open only to fluorescent sources and LEDs. More than 150 paper designs were submitted in the first phase of the competition, in 2003. Of those, 24 finalists were invited to submit working prototypes in 2004, and the winners were announced in May. The Grand Prize of $10,000 went to American Fluorescent of Waukegan, Illinois, for its ''Salem'' chandelier. Some winning fixtures are already available through Lowe's Home Improvement Centers.
Gordon, Kelly L.; Foster, Rebecca; McGowan, Terry
Minimum-Energy Multicast Tree in Cognitive Radio Networks
Minimum-Energy Multicast Tree in Cognitive Radio Networks Wei Ren, Xiangyang Xiao, Qing Zhao algorithm with bounded performance guarantee for constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree, which by studying the impact of the traffic load of the primary network on the minimum-energy multicast tree. I
Islam, M. Saif
Using Sparsification for Parametric Minimum Spanning Tree Problems
Using Sparsification for Parametric Minimum Spanning Tree Problems David Fern'andezBaca 1? , Giora with a parameter. The second is an asymptotically optimal algorithm for the minimum ratio spanning tree problem, as well as other search problems, on dense graphs. 1 Introduction In the parametric minimum spanning tree
Using Sparsification for Parametric Minimum Spanning Tree Problems David Fern´andez-Baca Giora algorithm for the minimum ratio spanning tree problem, as well as other search prob- lems, on dense graphs. 1 Introduction In the parametric minimum spanning tree problem, one is given an n-node, m
Stochastic Minimum Spanning Trees in Euclidean Spaces Pegah Kamousi #
Stochastic Minimum Spanning Trees in Euclidean Spaces Pegah Kamousi # Computer Science University1450306829/11/06 ...$10.00. Keywords Algorithms, Theory General Terms Stochastic Minimum Spanning Trees, Geometric Data and arbitrary but known probability p i . We want to compute the expected length of the minimum spanning tree
Chan, Timothy M.
On Two-Stage Stochastic Minimum Spanning Kedar Dhamdhere1
On Two-Stage Stochastic Minimum Spanning Trees Kedar Dhamdhere1 , R. Ravi2 , and Mohit Singh2 email@example.com Abstract. We consider the undirected minimum spanning tree problem in a stochastic optimization setting algorithm. We then consider the Stochastic minimum spanning tree problem in a more general black-box model
Ravi, R.
The stackelberg minimum spanning tree game on planar and bounded-treewidth graphs
The Stackelberg Minimum Spanning Tree Game is a two-level combinatorial pricing problem introduced at WADS�07. The game is played on a graph, whose edges are colored either red or blue, and where the red edges have a given ...
Cardinal, Jean
b. Task lighting power input comparison vrs lighting levelsSystem power comparison with Stevens set a minimum lightinglighting levels Stevens VRS ? a. System power comparison,
Authors, Various
On the Energy Efficiency of Orthogonal Signaling Mustafa Cenk Gursoy
On the Energy Efficiency of Orthogonal Signaling Mustafa Cenk Gursoy Department of Electrical. The impact of fading on the energy efficiency is identified. Requirements to approach the minimum bit energy of -1.59 dB are determined. I. INTRODUCTION Energy efficient transmission is of paramount importance
Gursoy, Mustafa Cenk
NineStar Connect- Residential Energy Efficient Equipment Rebate Program
Nine Star Connect (Greenfield and Maxwell, IN) offers residential customers an incentive to buy energy efficient air-source heat pumps, geothermal heat pumps. All heat pumps must meet minimum...
Stochastic Roadmap Simulation: Efficient Representation and Algorithms for
Stochastic Roadmap Simulation: Efficient Representation and Algorithms for the Analysis Roadmap Simulation (SRS) #12;Stochastic Roadmap Simulation (SRS) Multiple paths at once; #12;Stochastic Roadmap Simulation (SRS) Multiple paths at once; No local minimum problem; #12;Stochastic Roadmap
Brutlag, Doug
Minimum concave cost flows in capacitated grid networks
We study the minimum concave cost flow problem over a two-dimensional .... as a building block for the theory of production planning and inventory control.
Tungsten Cluster Migration on Nanoparticles: Minimum Energy Pathway...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Pathway and Migration Mechanism. Tungsten Cluster Migration on Nanoparticles: Minimum Energy Pathway and Migration Mechanism. Abstract: Transition state searches have been...
Optimization Online - Guaranteed Minimum-Rank Solutions of ...
Jun 28, 2007 ... Guaranteed Minimum-Rank Solutions of Linear Matrix Equations via Nuclear Norm Minimization. Benjamin Recht(brecht ***at*** caltech.edu)
Benjamin Recht
Microbial metatranscriptomics in a permanent marine oxygen minimum zone
Simultaneous characterization of taxonomic composition, metabolic gene content and gene expression in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) has potential to broaden perspectives on the microbial and biogeochemical dynamics ...
Stewart, Frank J.
DOE CYBER SECURITY EBK: MINIMUM CORE COMPETENCY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS DOE CYBER SECURITY EBK: CORE COMPETENCY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS: CA Cybersecurity Program Manager (CSPM...
PJM�2012 Minimum Generation Alert PJM Actions
� To provide alert that system conditions may require the use of emergency procedures as a result of generation exceeding demand. � Trigger � When expected generation levels approach 2,500 MW of normal generation limits.
Evaluate Schedules (including; Prior Light; Load Period
Algorithms to Compute Minimum Cycle Basis in Directed Graphs #
, . . . ,C d whose incidence vectors permit a unique linear combination of the incidence vector of any cycleAlgorithms to Compute Minimum Cycle Basis in Directed Graphs # Telikepalli Kavitha + Kurt Mehlhorn # Abstract We consider the problem of computing a minimum cycle basis in a di rected graph G with m arcs
Mehlhorn, Kurt
Approximate Minimum-Energy Multicasting in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
and a set of destination nodes, the problem is to build a minimum-energy multicast tree for the requestApproximate Minimum-Energy Multicasting in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Weifa Liang, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract--A wireless ad hoc network consists of mobile nodes that are equipped with energy
Liang, Weifa
Asymptotically minimum BER linear block precoders for MMSE equalisation
) [3]. For a general block transmission scheme, optimal detection requires a joint decisionAsymptotically minimum BER linear block precoders for MMSE equalisation S.S. Chan, T.N. Davidson and K.M. Wong Abstract: An asymptotically minimum bit error rate (BER) linear block precoder
Davidson, Tim
Approximating the Minimum Spanning Tree Weight in Sublinear Time #3; Bernard Chazelle y Ronitt a parameter 0 minimum span- ning tree in the graph and then grows \\local spanning trees" whose sizes are speci#12;ed by a stochastic process. From
Goldwasser, Shafi
Polynomial Time Algorithms for Minimum Energy Scheduling Philippe Baptiste1
algorithm for computing the minimum energy schedule when all jobs have unit length. 1 Introduction PowerPolynomial Time Algorithms for Minimum Energy Scheduling Philippe Baptiste1 , Marek Chrobak2 policies is to reduce the amount of energy consumed by computer systems while maintaining satisfactory
Chrobak, Marek
Specified assurance level sampling procedure
In the nuclear industry design specifications for certain quality characteristics require that the final product be inspected by a sampling plan which can demonstrate product conformance to stated assurance levels. The Specified Assurance Level (SAL) Sampling Procedure has been developed to permit the direct selection of attribute sampling plans which can meet commonly used assurance levels. The SAL procedure contains sampling plans which yield the minimum sample size at stated assurance levels. The SAL procedure also provides sampling plans with acceptance numbers ranging from 0 to 10, thus, making available to the user a wide choice of plans all designed to comply with a stated assurance level.
Willner, O.
Projected regional impacts of appliance efficiency standards for the U.S. residential sector
Minimum efficiency standards for residential appliances have been implemented in the US for a large number of residential end-uses. This analysis assesses the potential energy, dollar, and carbon impacts of those standards at the state and national levels. In this assessment, the authors use historical and projected shipments of equipment, a detailed stock accounting model, measured and estimated unit energy savings associated with the standards, estimated incremental capital costs, demographic data, and fuel price data at the finest level of geographic disaggregation available. Energy savings from the standards are substantial. Total primary energy savings will peak in 2004 at about 0.7 exajoules/year (1 exajoule = 10{sup 18} joules {approx} 1 quadrillion Btu = 10{sup 15} Btus). Cumulative primary energy savings during the 1990 to 2010 period total 10.6 exajoules. Efficiency standards in the residential sector have been a highly cost-effective policy instrument for promoting energy efficiency. Projected cumulative present-values dollar savings after subtracting out the additional cost of the more efficient equipment are about $33 billion from 1990 to 2010. Average benefit/cost ratios for these standards are about 3.5 for the US as a whole. Projected carbon reductions are approximately 9 million metric tons of carbon/year from 2000 through 2010, an amount roughly equal to 4% of carbon emissions in 1990. Because these standards save energy at a cost less than the price of that energy, the resulting carbon emission reductions are achieved at negative net cost to society. Minimum efficiency standards reduce pollution and save money at the same time.
Koomey, J.G.; Mahler, S.A.; Webber, C.A.; McMahon, J.E.
Standard for Residential Lighting in Chile, 2010 USResidential General Service Lighting in Chile Virginie E.focus on a regulation for lighting that would ban the sale
Letschert, Virginie E.
Study. IEA�s World Energy Outlook 2010. Comparison of �Energy Agency (IEA). 2010. World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris:would have. IEA�s World Energy Outlook 2010. Comparison of �
Heat Pump Reference U.S. DOE, 2011b EC, 2009b IndustrialHeat Pumps .. 18 Furnaces .. 19 Boilers 19 Fans . 20 Standby Power . 20 Clothes Dryers . 21 Industrial
for typical wattage of incandescent bulbs and hours of usagefor which we assume that incandescent bulbs gradually getsimilar to that of incandescent or fluorescent bulbs. These
phasing out the use of incandescent lamps. Following majorproposed phase out of incandescent bulbs in Chile. 2 Lifeless energy: here incandescent lights (IL) are evaluated
16 Table 6. Electric Storage Water Heater17 Table 7. Gas Storage Water Heater17 Table 8. Instantaneous Water Heater
16 Table 6. Electric Storage Water Heater17 Table 7. Gas Storage Water Heaterelectric resistance storage water heaters have an energy
on the market today are heat-pump water heaters for electricas electric CO 2 heat-pump water heaters (3.0 EF, using CO 2fired absorption heat pump water heaters (approximately 1.4
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Transportation Benefits · Efficiencies can be 60% (electrical) and 85% (with CHP) · > 90% reduction in criteria's portfolio of transportation technologies will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and oil consumption. DOE levels--by 2050. Key Findings Include: Estimated Government Cost to Support a Transition to FCVs Systems
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy AUGUST 2010 2009 WIND TECHNOLOGIES MARKET REPORT EXECUTIVE (Berkeley Lab) Kevin Porter and Sari Fink (Exeter Associates) Suzanne Tegen (National Renewable Energy relatively high levels of wind energy penetration in their electricity grids: end-of-2009 wind power capacity
Tree-ring reconstruction of maximum and minimum temperatures
, minimum temperatures, diurnal temperature range, changing tree-ring/climate relationships, b; Vaganov et al. 1999; Bar- ber et al. 2000; Lloyd, Fastie 2002). Similar changes during investigations of tree- ring growth/climate relationships in interior British Columbia (BC
Minimum Purchase Price Regulations (Prince Edward Island, Canada)
The Minimum Purchase Price Regulations establish the price which utilities must pay for power produced by large-scale renewable energy generators � that is those capable of producing more than 100...
Optimization Online - On the complexity of maximizing the minimum ...
Jan 18, 2010 ... ... minimum total Shannon capacity of any mobile user in the system. ... Category 1: Applications -- OR and Management Sciences (Telecommunications ) ... Address: Department of Mathematics, Royal Institute of Technology,�...
Mikael Fallgren
Planning of Minimum-Time Trajectories for Robot Arms
The minimum-time for a robot arm has been a longstanding and unsolved problem of considerable interest. We present a general solution to this problem that involves joint-space tesselation, a dynamic time-scaling ...
Sahar, Gideon
affecting minimum alveolar: Topics by E-print Network
close to the observed minimum mass. The Hubble mass can also be predicted. It is suggested that assumption 1 above could be tested using a cyclotron to accelerate particles...
We explore the minimum distance from a host star where an exoplanet could potentially be habitable in order not to discard close-in rocky exoplanets for follow-up observations. We find that the inner edge of the Habitable ...
Zsom, Andras
Upper bounds on minimum distance of nonbinary quantum stabilizer codes
The most popular class of quantum error correcting codes is stabilizer codes. Binary quantum stabilizer codes have been well studied, and Calderbank, Rains, Shor and Sloane (July 1998) have constructed a table of upper bounds on the minimum distance...
Kumar, Santosh
Minimum Stream Flow and Water Sale Contracts (Indiana)
The Indiana Natural Resources Commission may provide certain minimum quantities of stream flow or sell water on a unit pricing basis for water supply purposes from the water supply storage in...
Efficiency Vermont
In June 1999, Vermont enacted legislation authorizing the Vermont Public Service Board (PSB) to establish a volumetric charge on all electric customers' bills to support energy-efficiency programs....
Energy Efficiency Building Code for Commercial Buildings in Sri Lanka
1.1.1 To encourage energy efficient design or retrofit of commercial buildings so that they may be constructed, operated, and maintained in a manner that reduces the use of energy without constraining the building function, the comfort, health, or the productivity of the occupants and with appropriate regard for economic considerations. 1.1.2 To provide criterion and minimum standards for energy efficiency in the design or retrofit of commercial buildings and provide methods for determining compliance with them. 1.1.3 To encourage energy efficient designs that exceed these criterion and minimum standards.
Busch, John; Greenberg, Steve; Rubinstein, Francis; Denver, Andrea; Rawner, Esther; Franconi, Ellen; Huang, Joe; Neils, Danielle
Polynomial Time Algorithms for Minimum Energy Scheduling
The aim of power management policies is to reduce the amount of energy consumed by computer systems while maintaining satisfactory level of performance. One common method for saving energy is to simply suspend the system during the idle times. No energy is consumed in the suspend mode. However, the process of waking up the system itself requires a certain fixed amount of energy, and thus suspending the system is beneficial only if the idle time is long enough to compensate for this additional energy expenditure. In the specific problem studied in the paper, we have a set of jobs with release times and deadlines that need to be executed on a single processor. Preemptions are allowed. The processor requires energy L to be woken up and, when it is on, it uses one unit of energy per one unit of time. It has been an open problem whether a schedule minimizing the overall energy consumption can be computed in polynomial time. We solve this problem in positive, by providing an O(n^5)-time algorithm. In addition we pr...
Baptiste, Philippe; Durr, Christoph
Minimum carbon tax level needed to prompt a widespread shift to nuclear power
Carbon dioxide is suspected to be a major contributor to global warming. In the United States, nearly 70% of electricity is produced using coal or natural gas, both of which emit carbon dioxide into the environment. Nuclear ...
Thornton, Katherine C. (Katherine Claire)
Nicaragua: Accin Mdica Cristiana 8-week minimum and Intermediate Spanish level
of health models that are appropriate to the needs of poor, remote, multicultural communities, and a model (nutrition and agricultural sustainability), HIV-AIDS prevention, clean water and sanitation, disaster such as health brigades, developing sanitation projects, potable water, and a variety of nutrition and other
Bushman, Frederic
E-Print Network 3.0 - antagonists minimum safety Sample Search...
minimum safety Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: antagonists minimum safety Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Microscopic Kinetics and...
White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2011)
the latest energy efficiency level and market development ofcapacity, improved energy efficiency market mechanism, andmanufacturing, and market mechanisms for energy efficient
Zhou, Nan
China Energy Efficiency Round Robin Testing Results for Room Air Conditioners
further passed the Energy Efficiency (Labeling of Products)must be marked with an energy efficiency label informingconsumers of the energy efficiency level of related
The minimum distance of classical and quantum turbo-codes
We present a theory of quantum stabilizer turbo-encoders with unbounded minimum distance. This theory is presented under a framework common to both classical and quantum turbo-encoding theory. The main conditions to have an unbounded minimum distance are that the inner seed encoder has to be recursive, and either systematic or with a totally recursive truncated decoder. This last condition has been introduced in order to obtain a theory viable in the quantum stabilizer case, since it was known that in this case the inner seed encoder could not be recursive and systematic in the same time.
Abbara, Mamdouh
Mamdouh Abbara; Jean-Pierre Tillich
Efficiency Exchange Conference Highlights Energy Efficiency Innovation...
Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA), Bonneville Power Administration and electric utilities throughout the Northwest, are hosting the second annual Efficiency Exchange...
Apparatus and method for closed-loop control of reactor power in minimum time
DOE Patents [OSTI]
Closed-loop control law for altering the power level of nuclear reactors in a safe manner and without overshoot and in minimum time. Apparatus is provided for moving a fast-acting control element such as a control rod or a control drum for altering the nuclear reactor power level. A computer computes at short time intervals either the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e '.rho.-.SIGMA..beta..sub.i (.lambda..sub.i -.lambda..sub.e ')+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e '.omega.] or the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e .rho.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e)(.beta.-.rho.)+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e .omega.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e).omega.] These functions each specify the rate of change of reactivity that is necessary to achieve a specified rate of change of reactor power. The direction and speed of motion of the control element is altered so as to provide the rate of reactivity change calculated using either or both of these functions thereby resulting in the attainment of a new power level without overshoot and in minimum time. These functions are computed at intervals of approximately 0.01-1.0 seconds depending on the specific application.
Bernard, Jr., John A. (72 Paul Revere Rd., Needham Heights, MA 02194)
Innovative Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Integration...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Energy Laboratory on the latest developments in energy efficiency, net zero housing, solar, and wind. Find out how they are facilitating high renewable energy levels and how...
improving energy efficiency in the built environment is now seen as a growing
improving energy efficiency in the built environment is now seen as a growing policy priority the 1973 oil embargo. Codes by state but they generally establish a minimum energy efficiency stan- dard.S. Department of Energy to establish building code energy efficiency targets by January 1, 2014. it also
Kotchen, Matthew J.
Energy-Efficient Reliable Routing Considering Residual Energy in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Energy-Efficient Reliable Routing Considering Residual Energy in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Javad minimum energy routing (RMER). RMECR addresses three important requirements of ad hoc networks: energy-efficiency energy of nodes as well as quality of links to find energy-efficient and reliable routes that increase
Langendoen, Koen
Advanced Energy Efficient Roof System
Energy consumption in buildings represents 40 percent of primary U.S. energy consumption, split almost equally between residential (22%) and commercial (18%) buildings.1 Space heating (31%) and cooling (12%) account for approximately 9 quadrillion Btu. Improvements in the building envelope can have a significant impact on reducing energy consumption. Thermal losses (or gains) from the roof make up 14 percent of the building component energy load. Infiltration through the building envelope, including the roof, accounts for an additional 28 percent of the heating loads and 16 percent of the cooling loads. These figures provide a strong incentive to develop and implement more energy efficient roof systems. The roof is perhaps the most challenging component of the building envelope to change for many reasons. The engineered roof truss, which has been around since 1956, is relatively low cost and is the industry standard. The roof has multiple functions. A typical wood frame home lasts a long time. Building codes vary across the country. Customer and trade acceptance of new building products and materials may impede market penetration. The energy savings of a new roof system must be balanced with other requirements such as first and life-cycle costs, durability, appearance, and ease of construction. Conventional residential roof construction utilizes closely spaced roof trusses supporting a layer of sheathing and roofing materials. Gypsum board is typically attached to the lower chord of the trusses forming the finished ceiling for the occupied space. Often in warmer climates, the HVAC system and ducts are placed in the unconditioned and otherwise unusable attic. High temperature differentials and leaky ducts result in thermal losses. Penetrations through the ceilings are notoriously difficult to seal and lead to moisture and air infiltration. These issues all contribute to greater energy use and have led builders to consider construction of a conditioned attic. The options considered to date are not ideal. One approach is to insulate between the trusses at the roof plane. The construction process is time consuming and costs more than conventional attic construction. Moreover, the problems of air infiltration and thermal bridges across the insulation remain. Another approach is to use structurally insulated panels (SIPs), but conventional SIPs are unlikely to be the ultimate solution because an additional underlying support structure is required except for short spans. In addition, wood spline and metal locking joints can result in thermal bridges and gaps in the foam. This study undertook a more innovative approach to roof construction. The goal was to design and evaluate a modular energy efficient panelized roof system with the following attributes: (1) a conditioned and clear attic space for HVAC equipment and additional finished area in the attic; (2) manufactured panels that provide structure, insulation, and accommodate a variety of roofing materials; (3) panels that require support only at the ends; (4) optimal energy performance by minimizing thermal bridging and air infiltration; (5) minimal risk of moisture problems; (6) minimum 50-year life; (7) applicable to a range of house styles, climates and conditions; (8) easy erection in the field; (9) the option to incorporate factory-installed solar systems into the panel; and (10) lowest possible cost. A nationwide market study shows there is a defined market opportunity for such a panelized roof system with production and semi-custom builders in the United States. Senior personnel at top builders expressed interest in the performance attributes and indicate long-term opportunity exists if the system can deliver a clear value proposition. Specifically, builders are interested in (1) reducing construction cycle time (cost) and (2) offering increased energy efficiency to the homebuyer. Additional living space under the roof panels is another low-cost asset identified as part of the study. The market potential is enhanced through construction activity levels in target marke
Jane Davidson
Implementing Minimum Cycle Basis algorithms Kurt Mehlhorn and Dimitrios Michail
Implementing Minimum Cycle Basis algorithms Kurt Mehlhorn and Dimitrios Michail Max consider the problem of computing a mini- mum cycle basis of an undirected graph G = (V, E) with n vertices in a significant speedup. Based on our experimental observations, we combine the two fundamen- tally different
Effect of mechanical parameters on dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures
Effect of mechanical parameters on dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures Jun Shintake energy structures Jun Shintake*a,b , Samuel Rosseta , Dario Floreanob , Herbert R. Sheaa a Microsystems for Space Technologies Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, Switzerland b
Floreano, Dario
A minimum entropy principle of high order schemes for gas ...
The entropy solutions of the compressible Euler equations satisfy a minimum principle for the specific ... where ? is the density, u is the velocity, m is the momentum, E is the total energy and p is the pressure. ... can enforce this condition without destroying conservation. .... achieved under a standard CFL condition ? (|u| + c)�...
On the Minimum Load Coloring Problem --Extended Abtract--
# such that the maximum load, l # := max{r# , b #}, is minimized. In the following we shall skip the term ``maximumOn the Minimum Load Coloring Problem --Extended Abtract-- Nitin Ahuja 1 , Andreas Baltz 2 Abstract. Given a graph G = (V, E) with n vertices, m edges and maximum vertex degree #, the load
Doerr, Benjamin
Predicting Daily Net Radiation Using Minimum Climatological Data1
Predicting Daily Net Radiation Using Minimum Climatological Data1 S. Irmak, M.ASCE2 ; A. Irmak3 ; J for predicting daily Rn have been widely used. However, when the paucity of detailed climatological data with National Weather Service climatological datasets that only record Tmax and Tmin on a regular basis. DOI: 10
The"minimum information about an environmental sequence" (MIENS) specification
We present the Genomic Standards Consortium's (GSC) 'Minimum Information about an ENvironmental Sequence' (MIENS) standard for describing marker genes. Adoption of MIENS will enhance our ability to analyze natural genetic diversity across the Tree of Life as it is currently being documented by massive DNA sequencing efforts from myriad ecosystems in our ever-changing biosphere.
Yilmaz, P.; Kottmann, R.; Field, D.; Knight, R.; Cole, J.R.; Amaral-Zettler, L.; Gilbert, J.A.; Karsch-Mizrachi, I.; Johnston, A.; Cochrane, G.; Vaughan, R.; Hunter, C.; Park, J.; Morrison, N.; Rocca-Serra, P.; Sterk, P.; Arumugam, M.; Baumgartner, L.; Birren, B.W.; Blaser, M.J.; Bonazzi, V.; Bork, P.; Buttigieg, P. L.; Chain, P.; Costello, E.K.; Huot-Creasy, H.; Dawyndt, P.; DeSantis, T.; Fierer, N.; Fuhrman, J.; Gallery, R.E.; Gibbs, R.A.; Giglio, M.G.; Gil, I. San; Gonzalez, A.; Gordon, J.I.; Guralnick, R.; Hankeln, W.; Highlander, S.; Hugenholtz, P.; Jansson, J.; Kennedy, J.; Knights, D.; Koren, O.; Kuczynski, J.; Kyrpides, N.; Larsen, R.; Lauber, C.L.; Legg, T.; Ley, R.E.; Lozupone, C.A.; Ludwig, W.; Lyons, D.; Maguire, E.; Methe, B.A.; Meyer, F.; Nakieny, S.; Nelson, K.E.; Nemergut, D.; Neufeld, J.D.; Pace, N.R.; Palanisamy, G.; Peplies, J.; Peterson, J.; Petrosino, J.; Proctor, L.; Raes, J.; Ratnasingham, S.; Ravel, J.; Relman, D.A.; Assunta-Sansone, S.; Schriml, L.; Sodergren, E.; Spor, A.; Stombaugh, J.; Tiedje, J.M.; Ward, D.V.; Weinstock, G.M.; Wendel, D.; White, O.; Wikle, A.; Wortman, J.R.; Glockner, F.O.; Bushman, F.D.; Charlson, E.; Gevers, D.; Kelley, S.T.; Neubold, L.K.; Oliver, A.E.; Pruesse, E.; Quast, C.; Schloss, P.D.; Sinha, R.; Whitely, A.
Jamming-Aware Minimum Energy Routing in Wireless Networks
1 Jamming-Aware Minimum Energy Routing in Wireless Networks Azadeh Sheikholeslami, Majid Ghaderi; however, energy-aware routing in the presence of active adversary (jammers) has not been considered. We. There has been some study of energy-aware ad hoc routing protocols in the literature [13], [14], [15], [16
Goeckel, Dennis L.
BLIND DECONVOLUTION WITH MINIMUM RENYI'S ENTROPY Deniz Erdogmus1
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Slatton, Clint
The Minimum Constraint Removal Problem with Three Robotics Applications
The Minimum Constraint Removal Problem with Three Robotics Applications Kris Hauser Abstract on three example applications: generating human-interpretable excuses for failure, motion planning under their failures. · In human-robot interaction, semantically meaningful explanations would help people diagnose
Indiana University
The Minimum Constraint Removal Problem with Three Robotics Applications Kris Hauser September 13 strategies. It is demonstrated on three example applications: gener- ating human-interpretable excuses, then they provide no explanation for the failure. For several applications, it would be useful for planners
Interior Architecture Minor Tracking Sheet Total Minimum Credits: 26
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Architecture Minor Tracking Sheet Total Minimum Credits: 26
Architecture Minor Tracking Sheet Total Minimum Credits: 26 Minor standing is prerequisite Notes: Required courses in one's major will not count for the minor with one exception: 1 architecture studio course is required for interior architecture majors enrolled in the architecture minor, and this studio
Optimum Wire Tapering for Minimum Power Dissipation in RLC Interconnects
tapering is shown to reduce the (a CMOS inverter) with the driver (a CMOS inverter). The power dissipatedOptimum Wire Tapering for Minimum Power Dissipation in RLC Interconnects Magdy A. El-Moursy and Eby G. Friedman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester, New
Friedman, Eby G.
Estimation of the Energy and Capacity Savings in Texas from Appliance Efficiency Standards
The purpose of this presentation will be to assess the technical potential for energy and capacity savings in Texas by the year 2006 by the statewide adoption of minimum appliance efficiency standards equivalent to those recently adopted...
Verdict, M.
Energy Efficiency
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series toESnet4: Networking for37 East andCommissionEfficiency | Department
Approximate Associative Memristive Memory for Energy-Efficient GPUs
Approximate Associative Memristive Memory for Energy-Efficient GPUs Abbas Rahimi, Amirali Ghofrani at the architectural and algorithmic levels. At the hardware level, energy-efficiency techniques that employ voltage
Liebling, Michael
High Efficiency, Clean Combustion
Energy use in trucks has been increasing at a faster rate than that of automobiles within the U.S. transportation sector. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), a 23% increase in fuel consumption for the U.S. heavy duty truck segment is expected between 2009 to 2020. The heavy duty vehicle oil consumption is projected to grow between 2009 and 2050 while light duty vehicle (LDV) fuel consumption will eventually experience a decrease. By 2050, the oil consumption rate by LDVs is anticipated to decrease below 2009 levels due to CAFE standards and biofuel use. In contrast, the heavy duty oil consumption rate is anticipated to double. The increasing trend in oil consumption for heavy trucks is linked to the vitality, security, and growth of the U.S. economy. An essential part of a stable and vibrant U.S. economy is a productive U.S. trucking industry. Studies have shown that the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is strongly correlated to freight transport. Over 90% of all U.S. freight tonnage is transported by diesel power and over 75% is transported by trucks. Given the vital role that the trucking industry plays in the economy, improving the efficiency of the transportation of goods was a central focus of the Cummins High Efficient Clean Combustion (HECC) program. In a commercial vehicle, the diesel engine remains the largest source of fuel efficiency loss, but remains the greatest opportunity for fuel efficiency improvements. In addition to reducing oil consumption and the dependency on foreign oil, this project will mitigate the impact on the environment by meeting US EPA 2010 emissions regulations. Innovation is a key element in sustaining a U.S. trucking industry that is competitive in global markets. Unlike passenger vehicles, the trucking industry cannot simply downsize the vehicle and still transport the freight with improved efficiency. The truck manufacturing and supporting industries are faced with numerous challenges to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gases, meet stringent emissions regulations, provide customer value, and improve safety. The HECC program successfully reduced engine fuel consumption and greenhouse gases while providing greater customer valve. The US EPA 2010 emissions standard poses a significant challenge for developing clean diesel powertrains that meet the DoE Vehicle Technologies Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP) for fuel efficiency improvement while remaining affordable. Along with exhaust emissions, an emphasis on heavy duty vehicle fuel efficiency is being driven by increased energy costs as well as the potential regulation of greenhouse gases. An important element of the success of meeting emissions while significantly improving efficiency is leveraging Cummins component technologies such as fuel injection equipment, aftertreatment, turbomahcinery, electronic controls, and combustion systems. Innovation in component technology coupled with system integration is enabling Cummins to move forward with the development of high efficiency clean diesel products with a long term goal of reaching a 55% peak brake thermal efficiency for the engine plus aftertreatment system. The first step in developing high efficiency clean products has been supported by the DoE co-sponsored HECC program. The objectives of the HECC program are: (1) To design and develop advanced diesel engine architectures capable of achieving US EPA 2010 emission regulations while improving the brake thermal efficiency by 10% compared to the baseline (a state of the art 2007 production diesel engine). (2) To design and develop components and subsystems (fuel systems, air handling, controls, etc) to enable construction and development of multi-cylinder engines. (3) To perform an assessment of the commercial viability of the newly developed engine technology. (4) To specify fuel properties conducive to improvements in emissions, reliability, and fuel efficiency for engines using high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC) technologies. To demonstrate the technology is compatible with B2
Donald Stanton
Transformer Efficiency Assessment - Okinawa, Japan
The US Army Engineering & Support Center, Huntsville (USAESCH), and the US Marine Corps Base (MCB), Okinawa, Japan retained Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to conduct a Transformer Efficiency Assessment of �key� transformers located at multiple military bases in Okinawa, Japan. The purpose of this assessment is to support the Marine Corps Base, Okinawa in evaluating medium voltage distribution transformers for potential efficiency upgrades. The original scope of work included the MCB providing actual transformer nameplate data, manufacturer�s factory test sheets, electrical system data (kWh), demand data (kWd), power factor data, and electricity cost data. Unfortunately, the MCB�s actual data is not available and therefore making it necessary to de-scope the original assessment. Note: Any similar nameplate data, photos of similar transformer nameplates, and basic electrical details from one-line drawings (provided by MCB) are not a replacement for actual load loss test data. It is recommended that load measurements are performed on the high and low sides of transformers to better quantify actual load losses, demand data, and power factor data. We also recommend that actual data, when available, be inserted by MCB Okinawa where assumptions have been made and then the LCC analysis updated. This report covers a generalized assessment of modern U.S. transformers in a three level efficiency category, Low-Level efficiency, Medium-Level efficiency, and High-Level efficiency.
Thomas L. Baldwin; Robert J. Turk; Kurt S. Myers; Jake P. Gentle; Jason W. Bush
NREL is a na*onal laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. A Survey of State-Level Cost and
Energy, LLC. A Survey of State-Level Cost and Benefit Es7mates-funded by EERE's Solar Energy Technologies Office, and the Na*onal Electricity Delivery. Download report: hSp://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14os*/61042.pdf or hSp://emp.lbl.gov/publica*ons/survey-state-level-cost-and-benefit
Ris Energy Report 4 Efficiency improvements Introduction
END ULTIMATE MEANS END-USE TRADE LINE Figure 9: The energy chain with the three levels of potential, to South Africa where the coal is mined. The further up the chain that efficiency is improved, the greaterRisø Energy Report 4 Efficiency improvements 6 Introduction Energy efficiency can be improved
High Efficiency Engine Technologies Program
Caterpillar's Product Development and Global Technology Division carried out a research program on waste heat recovery with support from DOE (Department of Energy) and the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory. The objective of the program was to develop a new air management and exhaust energy recovery system that would demonstrate a minimum 10% improvement in thermal efficiency over a base heavy-duty on-highway diesel truck engine. The base engine for this program was a 2007 C15 15.2L series-turbocharged on-highway truck engine with a LPL (low-pressure loop) exhaust recirculation system. The focus of the program was on the development of high efficiency turbomachinery and a high efficiency turbocompound waste heat recovery system. The focus of each area of development was as follows: (1) For turbine stages, the focus was on investigation and development of technologies that would improve on-engine exhaust energy utilization compared to the conventional radial turbines in widespread use today. (2) For compressor stages, the focus was on investigating compressor wheel design parameters beyond the range typically utilized in production, to determine the potential efficiency benefits thereof. (3) For turbocompound, the focus was on the development of a robust bearing system that would provide higher bearing efficiencies compared to systems used in turbocompound power turbines in production. None of the turbocharger technologies investigated involved addition of moving parts, actuators, or exotic materials, thereby increasing the likelihood of a favorable cost-value tradeoff for each technology. And the turbocompound system requires less hardware addition than competing bottoming cycle technologies, making it a more attractive solution from a cost and packaging standpoint. Main outcomes of the program are as follows: (1) Two turbine technologies that demonstrated up to 6% improvement in turbine efficiency on gas stand and 1-3% improvement in thermal efficiency in on-engine testing. (2) A compressor technology that demonstrated 1.5% improvement in compressor efficiency on gas stand compared to production available compressors. (3) A power turbine with high efficiency bearing system that demonstrated excellent rotordynamic stability throughout the required speed range, up to 60,000 rpm. (4) A predicted improvement (using engine simulation) in engine thermal efficiency of 7% at the peak torque design point, when combining the technologies developed in this program.
Rich Kruiswyk
Investigation of a minimum energy Earth-Mars trajectory
INVESTIGATION OF A MINIMUM ENERGY EARTH-MARS TRAJECTORY A Thesis by Richard Emmett grown Submitted to the Graduate Co11ege of the Texas ASM University in partia1 fulfi11ment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1967... Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering INVESTIGATION OF A MINIMIIM ENERGy EARTH MARS TRAJECTORy A Thesis by Richard Emmett Brown Approved as to style and content by; (Co-chairman of Committee) (Head of Department) (Member) May I967 TABLE...
Brown, Richard Emett
Zone Level Occupant-Responsive Building Energy Systems at the GSA
The General Services Administration (GSA) partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop and implement building energy system retrofits, aiming to reduce energy consumption of at least two building systems by a total of 30 percent or more, as part of DOE�s Commercial Building Partnership (CBP) Program. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) provided technical expertise in support of this DOE program, working with the GSA and a team of consultants. This case study reports expected energy savings from appropriate energy efficient design and operations modifications to lighting and heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems at the selected study sites. These retrofits comprised installation of new lighting systems with dimming capability and occupancy-sensor control at the individual light fixture level, and utilized lighting system occupancy sensor signals to continually readjust zone-level ventilation airflow according to the number of people present, down to minimum rates when vacant.
Robinson, Alastair
The Energy-Dependence of GRB Minimum Variability Timescales
We constrain the minimum variability timescales for 938 GRBs observed by the Fermi/GBM instrument prior to July 11, 2012. The tightest constraints on progenitor radii derived from these timescales are obtained from light curves in the hardest energy channel. In the softer bands -- or from measurements of the same GRBs in the hard X-rays from Swift -- we show that variability timescales tend to be a factor 2--3 longer. Applying a survival analysis to account for detections and upper limits, we find median minimum timescale in the rest frame for long-duration and short-duration GRBs of 45 ms and 10 ms, respectively. Fewer than 10% of GRBs show evidence for variability on timescales below 2 ms. These shortest timescales require Lorentz factors $\\gtrsim 400$ and imply typical emission radii $R \\approx 1 {\\times} 10^{14}$ cm for long-duration GRBs and $R \\approx 3 {\\times} 10^{13}$ cm for short-duration GRBs. We discuss implications for the GRB fireball model and investigate whether GRB minimum timescales evolve w...
Golkhou, V Zach; Littlejohns, Owen M
Efficiency United (Gas)- Residential Efficiency Program
The Efficiency United program is intended to provide assistance and incentives to customers who employ energy efficient measures. Programs offer rebates on natural gas water heaters, clothes...
Optimizing Asset Utilization and Operating Efficiency Efficiently...
2008 Optimizing Asset Utilization and Operating Efficiency Efficiently, June 2008 Smart Grid Implementation Workshop Breakout Group Report, a discussion of metrics for smart grid...
Energy efficient data centers
wit h energy efficiency Improving Best Practices Linkwit h energy efficiency Improving Best Practices Linkwit h energy efficiency Improving Best Practices Link
Tschudi, William; Xu, Tengfang; Sartor, Dale; Koomey, Jon; Nordman, Bruce; Sezgen, Osman
Energy Efficiency Loan Program
The Keystone HELP Energy Efficiency Loan Program is designed to help homeowners improve energy efficiency with special financing for high-efficiency heating, air conditioning, insulation, windows,...
Estimate of federal relighting potential and demand for efficient lighting products
The increasing level of electric utility rebates for energy-efficient lighting retrofits has recently prompted concern over the adequacy of the market supply of energy-efficient lighting products (Energy User News 1991). In support of the U.S. Department of Energy`s Federal Energy Management Program, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has developed an estimate of the total potential for energy-efficient lighting retrofits in federally owned buildings. This estimate can be used to address the issue of the impact of federal relighting projects on the supply of energy-efficient lighting products. The estimate was developed in 1992, using 1991 data. Any investments in energy-efficient lighting products that occurred in 1992 will reduce the potential estimated here. This analysis proceeds by estimating the existing stock of lighting fixtures in federally owned buildings. The lighting technology screening matrix is then used to determine the minimum life-cycle cost retrofit for each type of existing lighting fixture. Estimates of the existing stock are developed for (1) four types of fluorescent lighting fixtures (2-, 3-, and 4-lamp, F40 4-foot fixtures, and 2-lamp, F96 8-foot fixtures, all with standard magnetic ballasts); (2) one type of incandescent fixture (a 75-watt single bulb fixture); and (3) one type of exit sign (containing two 20-watt incandescent bulbs). Estimates of the existing stock of lighting fixtures in federally owned buildings, estimates of the total potential demand for energy-efficient lighting products if all cost-effective retrofits were undertaken immediately, and total potential annual energy savings (in MWh and dollars), the total investment required to obtain the energy savings and the present value of the efficiency investment, are presented.
Shankle, S.A.; Dirks, J.A.; Elliott, D.B.; Richman, E.E.; Grover, S.E.
We report new measurements of the elemental energy spectra and composition of galactic cosmic rays during the 2009-2010 solar minimum period using observations from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) onboard the Advanced Composition Explorer. This period of time exhibited record-setting cosmic-ray intensities and very low levels of solar activity. Results are given for particles with nuclear charge 5 {<=} Z {<=} 28 in the energy range {approx}50-550 MeV nucleon{sup -1}. Several recent improvements have been made to the earlier CRIS data analysis, and therefore updates of our previous observations for the 1997-1998 solar minimum and 2001-2003 solar maximum are also given here. For most species, the reported intensities changed by less than {approx}7%, and the relative abundances changed by less than {approx}4%. Compared with the 1997-1998 solar minimum relative abundances, the 2009-2010 abundances differ by less than 2{sigma}, with a trend of fewer secondary species observed in the more recent time period. The new 2009-2010 data are also compared with results of a simple ''leaky-box'' galactic transport model combined with a spherically symmetric solar modulation model. We demonstrate that this model is able to give reasonable fits to the energy spectra and the secondary-to-primary ratios B/C and (Sc+Ti+V)/Fe. These results are also shown to be comparable to a GALPROP numerical model that includes the effects of diffusive reacceleration in the interstellar medium.
Lave, K. A.; Binns, W. R.; Israel, M. H. [Department of Physics and the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (United States); Wiedenbeck, M. E. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Christian, E. R.; De Nolfo, G. A.; Von Rosenvinge, T. T. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Cummings, A. C.; Davis, A. J.; Leske, R. A.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Stone, E. C. [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
9 Hot-Water Oil Boiler LCC Analysis-Efficiency Levels and10 Hot-Water Gas Boiler LCC Analysis-Efficiency Levels andfurnace and boiler energy-efficiency standards. Determining
Some remarks on tree-level vacuum stability in two Higgs doublet models
It is proved that the minimum of a general two Higgs doublet models' potential is stable at tree level. A relation between stability and flavour changing neutral currents at tree level is shown.
A. Barroso; P. M. Ferreira; R. Santos
Heterogeneous Modulation for Trading-off Energy Balancing with Bandwidth Efficiency in Hierarchical Sensor Networks
research has focused on energy efficient design in different levels of network protocol stack, much less
Pedram, Massoud
Comparative efficiencies of solar energy collectors Laboratoire de Technologie Optique
57 Comparative efficiencies of solar energy collectors M. Duban Laboratoire de Technologie Optique the solar energy during a day or a year, independant of their dimensions, the amount of energy collected seuils K = 0 et K = 0,5 (K étant le rapport entre 1'energie minimum nécessaire pour un fonctionnement
Boyer, Edmond
Little Green Codes: Energy-Efficient Short-Range Communication
Little Green Codes: Energy-Efficient Short-Range Communication Pulkit Grover and Anant Sahai, the optimizing rate for our bounds on the energy consumption of green codes converges to 1 in the context of AWGN energy as green codes. Classical information theoretic approach finds the minimum transmission energy
California at Irvine, University of
Condensing Heat Exchanger for Optimization of Energy Efficiency
Historically, boiler efficiency has been limited due to the minimum temperature allowed at the stack. Heat lost up the stack was in exchange for keeping the flue gas temperature above the water vapor dew point. If water vapor was allowed to condense...
Carrigan, J. F.; Johnson, D. W.; DiVitto, J. G.; Schulze, K. H.
SEPTEMBER 2009 GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCING DISTRICTS FOR LOCAL Assessment Districts) DEER Database for Energy Efficient Resources DSIRE Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency EECBG Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants EIM Energy Improvement Mortgage
PDSF Job Efficiency
Optimization Running Jobs Efficiently Running Jobs Efficiently Job Efficiency A job's efficiency is the ratio of its CPU time to the actual time it took to run, i.e., cputime ...
Energy-Efficient Broadcast and Multicast Trees for Reliable Wireless Communication Suman Banerjee, Archan Misra, Jihwang Yeo, Ashok Agrawala
1 Energy-Efficient Broadcast and Multicast Trees for Reliable Wireless Communication Suman Banerjee the transmission range. The problem of determining minimum aggregate transmission energy trees is known to be NP-Hard for the broadcast case [5]. Compu- tation of similar minimum energy multicast trees in wired en- vironments
Banerjee, Suman
Pecularities of cosmic ray modulation in the solar minimum 23/24
We study changes of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity for the ending period of the solar cycle 23 and the beginning of the solar cycle 24 using neutron monitors experimental data. We show that an increase of the GCR intensity in 2009 is generally related with decrease of the solar wind velocity U, the strength B of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the drift in negative (Aneg) polarity epoch. We present that temporal changes of rigidity dependence of the GCR intensity variation before reaching maximum level in 2009 and after it, do not noticeably differ from each other. The rigidity spectrum of the GCR intensity variations calculated based on neutron monitors data (for rigidities greaten than 10 GV) is hard in the minimum and near minimum epoch. We do not recognize any non-ordinary changes in the physical mechanism of modulation of the GCR intensity in the rigidity range of GCR particles to which neutron monitors respond. We compose 2-D non stationary model of transport equation to describe v...
Alania, M V; Wawrzynczak, A
Techno-Economic Analysis of Indian Draft Standard Levels for RoomAir Conditioners
The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) finalized its first set of efficiency standards and labels for room air conditioners in July of 2006. These regulations followed soon after the publication of levels for frost-free refrigerators in the same year. As in the case of refrigerators, the air conditioner program introduces Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) and comparative labels simultaneously, with levels for one to five stars. Also like the refrigerator program, BEE defined several successive program phases of increasing stringency. In support of BEE's refrigerator program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) produced an analysis of national impacts of standards in collaboration with the Collaborative Labeling and Standards Program (CLASP). That analysis drew on LBNL's experience with standards programs in the United States, as well as many other countries. Subsequently, as part of the process for setting optimal levels for air conditioner regulations, CLASP commissioned LBNL to provide support to BEE in the form of a techno-economic evaluation of air conditioner efficiency technologies. This report describes the methodology and results of this techno-economic evaluation. The analysis consists of three components: (1) Cost effectiveness to consumers of efficiency technologies relative to current baseline. (2) Impacts on the current market from efficiency regulations. (3) National energy and financial impacts. The analysis relied on detailed and up-to-date technical data made available by BEE and industry representatives. Technical parameters were used in conjunction with knowledge about air conditioner use patterns in the residential and commercial sectors, and prevailing marginal electricity prices, in order to give an estimate of per-unit financial impacts. In addition, the overall impact of the program was evaluated by combining unit savings with market forecasts in order to yield national impacts. LBNL presented preliminary results of these analyses in May 2006, at a meeting of BEEs Technical Committee for Air Conditioners. This meeting was attended by a wide array of stakeholder, including industry representatives, engineers and consumer advocates. Comments made by stakeholders at this meeting are incorporated into the final analysis presented in this report. The current analysis begins with the Rating Plan drafted by BEE in 2006, along with an evaluation of the market baseline according to test data submitted by manufacturers. MEPS, label rating levels, and baseline efficiencies are presented in Section 2. First, we compare Indian MEPS with current standards in other countries, and assess their relative stringency. Baseline efficiencies are then used to estimate the fraction of models likely to remain on the market at each phase of the program, and the impact on market-weighted efficiency levels. Section 3 deals with cost-effectiveness of higher efficiency design options. The cost-benefit analysis is grounded in technical parameters provided by industry representatives in India. This data allows for an assessment of financial costs and benefits to consumers as a result of the standards and labeling program. A Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation is used to evaluate the impacts of the program at the unit level, thus providing some insight into the appropriateness of the levels chosen, and additional opportunities for further ratcheting. In addition to LCC, we also calculate payback periods, cost of conserved energy (CCE), and return on investment (ROI). Finally, Section 4 covers national impacts. This is an extension of unit level estimates in the two previous sections. Extrapolation to the national level depends on a forecast of air conditioner purchases (shipments), which we describe here. Following the cost-benefit analysis, we construct several efficiency scenarios including the BEE plan, but also considering further potential for efficiency improvement. These are combined with shipments through a stock accounting model in order to forecast air conditioner energy consumption in each sc
McNeil, Michael A.; Iyer, Maithili
The impact of minimum age of employment regulation on child labor and schooling
Promoting minimum age of employment regulation has been a centerpiece in child labor policy for the last 15 years. If enforced, minimum age regulation would change the age profile of paid child employment. Using micro-data ...
Edmonds, Eric V
Minimum pressure envelope cavitation analysis using two-dimensional panel method
An analysis tool for calculating minimum pressure envelopes was developed using XFOIL. This thesis presents MATLAB� executables that interface with a modified version of XFOIL for determining the minimum pressure of a foil ...
Peterson, Christopher J., S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Theoretical Minimum Energies to Produce Steel for Selected Conditions
The energy used to produce liquid steel in today's integrated and electric arc furnace (EAF) facilities is significantly higher than the theoretical minimum energy requirements. This study presents the absolute minimum energy required to produce steel from ore and mixtures of scrap and scrap alternatives. Additional cases in which the assumptions are changed to more closely approximate actual operating conditions are also analyzed. The results, summarized in Table E-1, should give insight into the theoretical and practical potentials for reducing steelmaking energy requirements. The energy values have also been converted to carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions in order to indicate the potential for reduction in emissions of this greenhouse gas (Table E-2). The study showed that increasing scrap melting has the largest impact on energy consumption. However, scrap should be viewed as having ''invested'' energy since at one time it was produced by reducing ore. Increasing scrap melting in the BOF mayor may not decrease energy if the ''invested'' energy in scrap is considered.
Fruehan, R.J.; Fortini, O.; Paxton, H.W.; Brindle, R.
I explore the effects of two simultaneous changes in minimum energy efficiency and ENERGY STAR standards for clothes washers. Adapting the Mussa and Rosen (1978) and Ronnen (1991) second-degree price discrimination model, I demonstrate that clothes washer prices and menus adjusted to the new standards in patterns consistent with a market in which firms had been price discriminating. In particular, I show evidence of discontinuous price drops at the time the standards were imposed, driven largely by mid-low efficiency segments of the market. The price discrimination model predicts this result. On the other hand, in a perfectly competition market, prices should increase for these market segments. Additionally, new models proliferated in the highest efficiency market segment following the standard changes. Finally, I show that firms appeared to use different adaptation strategies at the two instances of the standards changing.
Magnetic Flux Transport Simulations of Solar Surface Magnetic Distributions During a Grand Minimum.
, Scotland, KY16 9SS. Abstract. It is well known that magnetic activity on the Sun modulates from one cycle strongly depend on the phase of the cycle in which the grand minimum starts and whether it lasts for an odd or even number of cycles. If the grand minimum starts around cycle minimum then a signi#12;cant amount
Mackay, Duncan
Minimum Energy Consumption in Multicomponent Distillation. 3. More Than Three Products and Generalized Petlyuk Arrangements
Minimum Energy Consumption in Multicomponent Distillation. 3. More Than Three Products-component feed into M products has been derived. Interestingly, the minimum-energy solution in a complex solution of minimum energy for distillation of a multicomponent feed into multiple products has not been
A simple model for evolution of proteins towards the global minimum of free energy
A simple model for evolution of proteins towards the global minimum of free energy Tamar Kaffe-Abramovich and Ron Unger Background: Proteins seem to have their native structure in a global minimum of free energy is in the global minimum of free energy. The aim of this study is to investigate such evolutionary processes
Unger, Ron
Anomalous electron density events in the quiet summer ionosphere at solar minimum over Millstone Hill
Anomalous electron density events in the quiet summer ionosphere at solar minimum over Millstone region ionosphere over Millstone Hill with calculations from the IZMIRAN model for solar minimum layer. This phenomenon occurs frequently in the quiet ionosphere at solar minimum during summer
). The top three panels correspond to the southern segment of the solar minimum orbit; repeated passesLANGMUIR WAVE ACTIVITY: COMPARING THE ULYSSES SOLAR MINIMUM AND SOLAR MAXIMUM ORBITS R. J at the electron plasma frequency) during the solar minimum and solar maximum orbits of Ulysses. At high latitudes
California at Berkeley, University of
An On-demand Minimum Energy Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc Network
An On-demand Minimum Energy Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc Network Sheetalkumar Doshi the necessary features of an on-demand minimum energy routing protocol and suggests mechanisms the performance of an on-demand minimum energy routing protocol in terms of energy savings with an existing on
Brown, Timothy X.
An On-demand Minimum Energy Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc Network Sheetalkumar Doshi of an on-demand minimum energy routing protocol and suggests mechanisms for their imple- mentation. We of an on-demand minimum energy routing protocol in terms of energy savings with an existing on-demand ad
The turbulent cascade and proton heating in the solar wind during solar minimum
Solar wind measurements at 1 AU during the recent solar minimum and previous studies of solar maximum provide an opportunity to study the effects of the changing solar cycle on in situ heating. Our interest is to compare the levels of activity associated with turbulence and proton heating. Large-scale shears in the flow caused by transient activity are a source that drives turbulence that heats the solar wind, but as the solar cycle progresses the dynamics that drive the turbulence and heat the medium are likely to change. The application of third-moment theory to Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) data gives the turbulent energy cascade rate which is not seen to vary with the solar cycle. Likewise, an empirical heating rate shows no significan changes in proton heating over the cycle.
Coburn, Jesse T.; Smith, Charles W.; Vasquez, Bernard J. [Physics Department and Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (United States); Stawarz, Joshua E. [Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado (United States); Forman, Miriam A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York (United States)
Optimization of Operating Parameters for Minimum Mechanical Specific Energy in Drilling
Efficiency in drilling is measured by Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE). MSE is the measure of the amount of energy input required to remove a unit volume of rock, expressed in units of energy input divided by volume removed. It can be expressed mathematically in terms of controllable parameters; Weight on Bit, Torque, Rate of Penetration, and RPM. It is well documented that minimizing MSE by optimizing controllable factors results in maximum Rate of Penetration. Current methods for computing MSE make it possible to minimize MSE in the field only through a trial-and-error process. This work makes it possible to compute the optimum drilling parameters that result in minimum MSE. The parameters that have been traditionally used to compute MSE are interdependent. Mathematical relationships between the parameters were established, and the conventional MSE equation was rewritten in terms of a single parameter, Weight on Bit, establishing a form that can be minimized mathematically. Once the optimum Weight on Bit was determined, the interdependent relationship that Weight on Bit has with Torque and Penetration per Revolution was used to determine optimum values for those parameters for a given drilling situation. The improved method was validated through laboratory experimentation and analysis of published data. Two rock types were subjected to four treatments each, and drilled in a controlled laboratory environment. The method was applied in each case, and the optimum parameters for minimum MSE were computed. The method demonstrated an accurate means to determine optimum drilling parameters of Weight on Bit, Torque, and Penetration per Revolution. A unique application of micro-cracking is also presented, which demonstrates that rock failure ahead of the bit is related to axial force more than to rotation speed.
Hamrick, Todd
Minimum cost subset selection with two competing agents
This process proceeds in a fixed number of rounds. In every round each of .... from a centralized and static point of view and look for Pareto efficient solutions. Using the same ...... Optimal strategies for some team games, Discrete. Applied�...
Reaction Products with Internal Energy beyond the Kinematic Limit Result from Trajectories Far from the Minimum Energy Path: An Example from
Reaction Products with Internal Energy beyond the Kinematic Limit Result from Trajectories Far from the minimum energy path are, in general, responsible for production of highly internally excited products-7 For this collision energy and product vibrational level, rotational states j e 18 are energetically allowed, but only
Zare, Richard N.
Observed Minimum Illuminance Threshold for Night Market Vendors in Kenya who use LED Lamps
Creation of light for work, socializing, and general illumination is a fundamental application of technology around the world. For those who lack access to electricity, an emerging and diverse range of LED based lighting products hold promise for replacing and/or augmenting their current fuel-based lighting sources that are costly and dirty. Along with analysis of environmental factors, economic models for total cost-ofownership of LED lighting products are an important tool for studying the impacts of these products as they emerge in markets of developing countries. One important metric in those models is the minimum illuminance demanded by end-users for a given task before recharging the lamp or replacing batteries. It impacts the lighting service cost per unit time if charging is done with purchased electricity, batteries, or charging services. The concept is illustrated in figure 1: LED lighting products are generally brightest immediately after the battery is charged or replaced and the illuminance degrades as the battery is discharged. When a minimum threshold level of illuminance is reached, the operational time for the battery charge cycle is over. The cost to recharge depends on the method utilized; these include charging at a shop at a fixed price per charge, charging on personal grid connections, using solar chargers, and purchasing dry cell batteries. This Research Note reports on the observed"charge-triggering" illuminance level threshold for night market vendors who use LED lighting products to provide general and task oriented illumination. All the study participants charged with AC power, either at a fixed-price charge shop or with electricity at their home.
Johnstone, Peter; Jacobson, Arne; Mills, Evan; Radecsky, Kristen
Efficiency United (Gas)- Commercial Efficiency Program
The Efficiency United Program, administered by CLEAResult Consulting, provides commercial gas incentives for the following Michigan utilities:
OPTIONS for ENERGY EFFICIENCY
OPTIONS for ENERGY EFFICIENCY in EXISTING BUILDINGS December 2005 CEC-400-2005-039-CMF;OPTIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY in EXISTING BUILDINGS COMMISSION REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................iii California's Successful Energy Efficiency Programs
Energy Efficient Radio Resource
Energy Efficient Radio Resource Management in a Coordinated Multi-Cell Distributed Antenna System Omer HALILOGLU Introduction System Model Performance Evaluation Conclusion References Energy Efficient Hacettepe University 5 September 2014 Omer HALILOGLU (Hacettepe University) Energy Efficient Radio Resource
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Energy Efficient Motors
Efficiency is only one aspect of motor performance. This paper discusses how efficiency is influenced by such factors as horsepower rating, poles, actual load, and starting requirements. It discusses some of the variables affecting efficiency...
Hoffmeyer, W.
Energy Efficient Digital Networks
2007. Enabling an Energy-Efficient Future Internet ThroughIEEE 802.3az: The Road to Energy Efficient Ethernet. IEEEPHY Compliant With New Energy Efficient Ethernet Guidelines;
Lanzisera, Steven
Varone. 2002a. Energy- and Eco-Efficiency of Data Centres. ANew Buildings S Energy- and Eco-Efficiency of Data Centres:FC Source: Energy- and Eco-Efficiency of Data Centres: A
Energy Efficiency Indicators Methodology Booklet
This Methodology Booklet provides a comprehensive review and methodology guiding principles for constructing energy efficiency indicators, with illustrative examples of application to individual countries. It reviews work done by international agencies and national government in constructing meaningful energy efficiency indicators that help policy makers to assess changes in energy efficiency over time. Building on past OECD experience and best practices, and the knowledge of these countries' institutions, relevant sources of information to construct an energy indicator database are identified. A framework based on levels of hierarchy of indicators -- spanning from aggregate, macro level to disaggregated end-use level metrics -- is presented to help shape the understanding of assessing energy efficiency. In each sector of activity: industry, commercial, residential, agriculture and transport, indicators are presented and recommendations to distinguish the different factors affecting energy use are highlighted. The methodology booklet addresses specifically issues that are relevant to developing indicators where activity is a major factor driving energy demand. A companion spreadsheet tool is available upon request.
Sathaye, Jayant; Price, Lynn; McNeil, Michael; de la rue du Can, Stephane
Transportation Efficiency Resources
Transportation efficiency reduces travel demand as measured by vehicle miles traveled (VMT). While transportation efficiency policies are often implemented under local governments, national and...
Data Center Energy Efficiency
The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) supports data center efficiency initiatives by encouraging Federal agencies to adopt best practices and construct energy-efficient data centers.
Energy Efficiency of LEDs
Efficiency of LEDs The energy efficiency of LEDs has increased substantially since the first general illumination products came to market, with currently available lamps and...
Energy-Efficient Mortgages
Homeowners can take advantage of energy efficient mortgages (EEM) to either finance energy efficiency improvements to existing homes, including renewable energy technologies, or to increase their...
SM Energy-Efficient
SM 111 Energy Energy-Efficient Ventilation for Apartment Buildings #12. These Guides provide clear and practical information on issues related to energy-efficient building retrofits
Diamond, Richard
Definition of Energy Efficiency
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
the energy efficiency effects. Most of what is defined as energy efficiency is actually energy intensity. Energy intensity is the ratio of energy consumption to some measure of...
Water Efficiency Goal Guidance
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) issued water efficiency goal guidance in Federal Agency Implementation of Water Efficiency and Management Provisions of Executive Order 13514. This...
Energy Efficiency -- Home Page
If you are having trouble, call 202-586-8800 for help. Home >Energy Users EEnergy Efficiency Page Energy-Efficiency Measurement MEASUREMENT DISCUSSION: Measures and Policy Issues...
Feasibility study for lowering the minimum gas pressure in solution-mined caverns based on geomechanical analyses of creep-induced damage and healing
Geomechanical analyses were made to determine the minimum gas pressure allowable based on an existing stress-based criterion (Damage Potential) and an advanced constitutive model (MDCF model) capable of quantifying the level of damage and healing in rock salt. The MDCF model is a constitutive model developed for the WIPP to provide a continuum description of the dislocation and damage deformation of salt. The purpose of this study was to determine if the MDCF model is applicable for evaluating the minimum gas pressure of CNG storage caverns. Specifically, it was to be determined if this model would predict that the minimum gas pressure in the caverns could be lowered without compromising the stability of the cavern. Additionally, the healing behavior of the salt was analyzed to determine if complete healing of the damaged rock zone would occur during the period the cavern was at maximum gas pressure. Significant findings of this study are reported.
Ratigan, J.L.; Nieland, J.D.; Devries, K.L.
Provably Efficient Adaptive Scheduling for Parallel Jobs
Scheduling competing jobs on multiprocessors has always been an important issue for parallel and distributed systems. The challenge is to ensure global, system-wide efficiency while offering a level of fairness to user ...
He, Yuxiong
Energy Efficient Retrofits and Green Building Practices
. Moreover, the increase in demand is also causing rise in pollution levels. Therefore, the subject of energy efficient retrofits and green building practices is becoming increasingly important. Based on the latest walkthrough energy audit it is proven...
Rahman, M.
Industrial Energy Efficiency in Ukraine: The Business Outlook
Ukraine is full of profitable opportunities for energy efficiency. Industry accounts for many of these opportunities because of its high level of energy consumption and its ability to pay for energy efficiency measures in hard currency. This paper...
Evans, M.
Assessment of SEAD Global Efficiency Medals for Televisions
energy efficiency. Savings Potential Based on the above assumptions and the data available for this report,energy savings potential and corresponding efficiency levels of award-winning products estimated in this report
Young, Park, Won
Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy operation by imaging at the frequency shift minimum: The dip-df mode
In frequency modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy, the change of the cantilever frequency (?f) is used as the input signal for the topography feedback loop. Around the ?f(z) minimum, however, stable feedback operation is challenging using a standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback design due to the change of sign in the slope. When operated under liquid conditions, it is furthermore difficult to address the attractive interaction regime due to its often moderate peakedness. Additionally, the ?f signal level changes severely with time in this environment due to drift of the cantilever frequency f{sub 0} and, thus, requires constant adjustment. Here, we present an approach overcoming these obstacles by using the derivative of ?f with respect to z as the input signal for the topography feedback loop. Rather than regulating the absolute value to a preset setpoint, the slope of the ?f with respect to z is regulated to zero. This new measurement mode not only makes the minimum of the ?f(z) curve directly accessible, but it also benefits from greatly increased operation stability due to its immunity against f{sub 0} drift. We present isosurfaces of the ?f minimum acquired on the calcite CaCO{sub 3}(101{sup �}4) surface in liquid environment, demonstrating the capability of our method to image in the attractive tip-sample interaction regime.
Rode, Sebastian; Schreiber, Martin; K�hnle, Angelika; Rahe, Philipp, E-mail: email@example.com [Institut f�r Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit�t Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz (Germany)] [Institut f�r Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit�t Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz (Germany)
"Maximum recycling of Material and Energy, Minimum of Landfilling"
in "Recycling". "Waste-to-Energy" is now defined as Recycling, when energy efficiency is > 0,65 Prevention Reuse Recycling and Waste-to Energy? #12;6 European Policies on Landfill Ban The EU Landfill Directive The amount Ban decided upon in 2000, in force in 2005. A very strong effect, with a strong increase of Waste-to-Energy
Columbia University
Minimum Resource Characterization of Biochemical Analyses for Digital
;2 Lingzhi Luo and Srinivas Akella 1 Introduction Low-cost, portable lab-on-a-chip systems capable of rapid versatile, yet low cost systems. Hence it is important to iden- tify the class of biochemical analyses requirements, towards the design of cost and space-efficient biochips. Mixers and storage units are two primary
Akella, Srinivas
Computationally Efficient Modeling of High-Efficiency Clean Combustion...
& Publications Computationally Efficient Modeling of High-Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines Computationally Efficient Modeling of High-Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines...
Benefits and Costs of Aggressive Energy Efficiency Programs and the Impacts of Alternative Sources of Funding: Case Study of Massachusetts
efficiency resource savings levels, various treatments of EE funding sources, and alternative EE business models (
Cappers, Peter
Minimum error discrimination between similarity-transformed quantum states
Using the well-known necessary and sufficient conditions for minimum error discrimination (MED), we extract an equivalent form for the MED conditions. In fact, by replacing the inequalities corresponding to the MED conditions with an equivalent but more suitable and convenient identity, the problem of mixed state discrimination with optimal success probability is solved. Moreover, we show that the mentioned optimality conditions can be viewed as a Helstrom family of ensembles under some circumstances. Using the given identity, MED between N similarity transformed equiprobable quantum states is investigated. In the case that the unitary operators are generating a set of irreducible representation, the optimal set of measurements and corresponding maximum success probability of discrimination can be determined precisely. In particular, it is shown that for equiprobable pure states, the optimal measurement strategy is the square-root measurement (SRM), whereas for the mixed states, SRM is not optimal. In the case that the unitary operators are reducible, there is no closed-form formula in the general case, but the procedure can be applied in each case in accordance to that case. Finally, we give the maximum success probability of optimal discrimination for some important examples of mixed quantum states, such as generalized Bloch sphere m-qubit states, spin-j states, particular nonsymmetric qudit states, etc.
Jafarizadeh, M. A. [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Tehran 19395-1795 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, Tabriz 51664 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sufiani, R. [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Tehran 19395-1795 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mazhari Khiavi, Y. [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Near minimum-time maneuvers of large space structures using parameter optimization and lyapunov feedback control
Parameterization for Minimum-Time Control . . . . 28 28 29 35 39 V CONTROL PARAMETER APPROXIMATIONS. . Control Parameter Approximations for Near-Minimum Time Rest-to- Rest Maneuvers . . Rules of Thumb for Minimum-Time Rest-to-Rest Maneuvers Using the Bang-Bang... ControL One-Switch Bang-Bang Control Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . , . . Switch Time Approximations Bang-Bang Controls with an Even Number of Control Switches...
Carter, Michael Timothy
Refrigerators, Refrigerator-Freezers, Freezers PreliminaryRefrigerators, Refrigerator-Freezers, Freezers Pre-NOPRlighting, television, refrigerator-freezers, central air
and general lighting incandescent services (GLIS) areLighting Phase out of incandescent lighting has been passedout of general service incandescent lamps (GSIL) which don�t
central air conditioners, water heaters and furnaces) areair conditioners, water heaters and furnaces) UnregulatedM i l l o 10 i n s 2. Water Heaters DOE has issued a final
2010). We consider only the BAT for storage water heaters.Shipments for gas storage water heaters are projected toyear while electric storage water heaters are projected to
Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010 with Projectionsis taken from the annual energy outlook (AEO) 2010 (DOE/EIA-
Efficient separations & processing crosscutting program
The Efficient Separations and Processing Crosscutting Program (ESP) was created in 1991 to identify, develop, and perfect chemical and physical separations technologies and chemical processes which treat wastes and address environmental problems throughout the DOE complex. The ESP funds several multiyear tasks that address high-priority waste remediation problems involving high-level, low-level, transuranic, hazardous, and mixed (radioactive and hazardous) wastes. The ESP supports applied research and development (R & D) leading to the demonstration or use of these separations technologies by other organizations within the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management.
Method for Determining Optimal Residential Energy Efficiency Retrofit Packages
Businesses, government agencies, consumers, policy makers, and utilities currently have limited access to occupant-, building-, and location-specific recommendations for optimal energy retrofit packages, as defined by estimated costs and energy savings. This report describes an analysis method for determining optimal residential energy efficiency retrofit packages and, as an illustrative example, applies the analysis method to a 1960s-era home in eight U.S. cities covering a range of International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) climate regions. The method uses an optimization scheme that considers average energy use (determined from building energy simulations) and equivalent annual cost to recommend optimal retrofit packages specific to the building, occupants, and location. Energy savings and incremental costs are calculated relative to a minimum upgrade reference scenario, which accounts for efficiency upgrades that would occur in the absence of a retrofit because of equipment wear-out and replacement with current minimum standards.
Polly, B.; Gestwick, M.; Bianchi, M.; Anderson, R.; Horowitz, S.; Christensen, C.; Judkoff, R.
An investigation of minimum distance landing over a barrier
moment coefficient X axis force coefficient X axis force coefficient Control force coefficient t~ ~ (d /dt) Aircraft efficiency factor C. G. position, / c Stick fixed neutral poi. nt Nondirnensi. onal moment of inertia Units slug-ft sec Lt m... s, Tail length Aircraft mass Wing area Horizontal tail area L/u slugs ft2 ft sec vl 0 vh Perturbation velocity Initial ve]ocity u/un llorizontal tail vo]ume coefficient ft/sec ft/sec Greek Letters ae/an Angle of attack Control...
Filburn, Ralph Bernard, III
High Efficiency Integrated Package
Solid-state lighting based on LEDs has emerged as a superior alternative to inefficient conventional lighting, particularly incandescent. LED lighting can lead to 80 percent energy savings; can last 50,000 hours � 2-50 times longer than most bulbs; and contains no toxic lead or mercury. However, to enable mass adoption, particularly at the consumer level, the cost of LED luminaires must be reduced by an order of magnitude while achieving superior efficiency, light quality and lifetime. To become viable, energy-efficient replacement solutions must deliver system efficacies of ? 100 lumens per watt (LPW) with excellent color rendering (CRI > 85) at a cost that enables payback cycles of two years or less for commercial applications. This development will enable significant site energy savings as it targets commercial and retail lighting applications that are most sensitive to the lifetime operating costs with their extended operating hours per day. If costs are reduced substantially, dramatic energy savings can be realized by replacing incandescent lighting in the residential market as well. In light of these challenges, Cree proposed to develop a multi-chip integrated LED package with an output of > 1000 lumens of warm white light operating at an efficacy of at least 128 LPW with a CRI > 85. This product will serve as the light engine for replacement lamps and luminaires. At the end of the proposed program, this integrated package was to be used in a proof-of-concept lamp prototype to demonstrate the component�s viability in a common form factor. During this project Cree SBTC developed an efficient, compact warm-white LED package with an integrated remote color down-converter. Via a combination of intensive optical, electrical, and thermal optimization, a package design was obtained that met nearly all project goals. This package emitted 1295 lm under instant-on, room-temperature testing conditions, with an efficacy of 128.4 lm/W at a color temperature of ~2873K and 83 CRI. As such, the package�s performance exceeds DOE�s warm-white phosphor LED efficacy target for 2013. At the end of the program, we assembled an A19 sized demonstration bulb housing the integrated package which met Energy Star intensity variation requirements. With further development to reduce overall component cost, we anticipate that an integrated remote converter package such as developed during this program will find application in compact, high-efficacy LED-based lamps, particularly those requiring omnidirectional emission.
Ibbetson, James
Estimated Farm Level Benefits of Improved Irrigation Efficiency
for pumping since 1973. For example, in the Trans Pecos Region of Texas, natural gas prices increased 450% from 1972 to 1975. Energy has become one of the most important factors in irrigated crop production. A 1975 study showed that 53% of the total variable...
Lee, John G.; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Ellis, John R.; Reneau, Duane R.
Engine Speed) - Powertrain Components - VibrationCustomer Acceptance * Trailer Aerodynamic Devices that Meet Operational Requirements * Vehicle and Powertrain Communication...
AvgGust: 6.5 mphsteady Temp MinAvgMax: 546368F Wind AvgGust: 2340 mph 20 Aerodynamic Improvements - Technical Progress Configurations Demo 2 - 24% Target Demo 1 - 14%...
Lithium Ion Start Battery Predictive Cruise Control SOFC eHVAC Light Trailer 11 Aerodynamic Improvements - Technical Progress 11 Configurations Demo 2 - 24% Target Demo 1 -...
Transphorm Takes Energy Efficiency to a New Level | Department...
high-performance power converters for electric motor drives and components of solar panels and electric vehicles. As electricity moves through this material, there's...
Project Title: Complete System-Level Efficient and Interoperable...
communicates with the MicroEMS to send microgrid measurement data to it and receive optimization dispatch from it. The MicroEMS performs optimized power dispatch to meet operation...
Maximizing Combustion Efficiency Through Selection of Optimum CO Control Levels
With the increased emphasis on improved combustion control and the availability of accurate and reliable multi-parameter combustion instrumentation, an analytical technique is needed to supplant the previous incomplete assumptions and misleading...
McGowan, G. F.; Ketchum, R. L.
Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean,
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy StrainClientDesignOffice - 201420122
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy StrainClientDesignOffice - 201420122Diesel Powered Class 8
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy StrainClientDesignOffice - 201420122Diesel Powered Class 8Diesel
Designating Efficiency Levels for Product Categories | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in Review: TopEnergy DOEDealingVehicle Battery Plant |Department ofEnergyMill
Certificate in Literary Studies This Certificate aims to introduce students to advanced study of literature at university level,
40 credits at level 2 Modern poetry 40 credits at level 1 The rise of the novel 40 credits at level 1 of literature at university level, with particular emphasis on the historical and cultural contexts that inform various literary styles. To complete the certificate (120 credits at level 1) you must gain a minimum
Guo, Zaoyang
Lost sunspot cycle in the beginning of Dalton minimum: New evidence and consequences
in the beginning of the Dalton minimum during 1790s [Usoskin et al., 2001]. Earlier, this cycle has been combinedLost sunspot cycle in the beginning of Dalton minimum: New evidence and consequences I. G. Usoskin November 2002; published 24 December 2002. [1] We have recently suggested that one solar cycle was lost
Usoskin, Ilya G.
Towards a deployable satellite gripper based on multisegment dielectric elastomer minimum energy
Towards a deployable satellite gripper based on multisegment dielectric elastomer minimum energy dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures O. A. Araromi*a , I. Gavrilovichb , J. Shintakea , S. Rosseta , H. R. Sheaa a Microsystems For Space Technologies Laboratory, �?cole Polytechnique Fédérale de
An Exponential Improvement on the MST Heuristic for Minimum Energy Broadcasting
in energy saving. A naturally arising issue in ad hoc wireless networks is that of supporting communicationAn Exponential Improvement on the MST Heuristic for Minimum Energy Broadcasting in Ad Hoc Wireless Abstract. In this paper we present a new approximation algorithm for the Minimum Energy Broadcast Routing
Caragiannis, Ioannis
On the Cost and Quality Tradeoff in Constructing Minimum-Energy Broadcast Trees in Wireless Ad
On the Cost and Quality Tradeoff in Constructing Minimum-Energy Broadcast Trees in Wireless Ad Hoc], each having a different complexity and produc- ing a broadcast tree with a different energy cost. Thus to the quality of the trees constructed. II. BUILDING BLOCKS The three ingredients that constitute any minimum-energy
Hu, Y. Charlie
Minimum Energy Consumption in Multicomponent Distillation. 1. Vmin Diagram for a Two-Product Column
Minimum Energy Consumption in Multicomponent Distillation. 1. Vmin Diagram for a Two-Product Column how the minimum energy consumption is related to the feed-component distribution for all possible operating points in a two-product distillation column with a multicomponent feed. The classical Underwood
Guidelines for Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments
this process we present the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR ExperimentsGuidelines for Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments Jim F Vandesompele,6 Carl T. Wittwer,12 and Stephen A. Bustin13 There is growing interest in digital PCR (dPCR) be
Magee, Joseph W.
The Minimum Distance of Turbo-Like Codes Louay Bazzi, Mohammad Mahdian, Daniel A. Spielman
1 The Minimum Distance of Turbo-Like Codes Louay Bazzi, Mohammad Mahdian, Daniel A. Spielman Abstract--Worst-case upper bounds are derived on the minimum distance of parallel concatenated Turbo codes that parallel-concatenated Turbo codes and repeat-convolute codes with sub-linear memory are asymptotically bad
Spielman, Daniel A.
Bloat control and generalization pressure using the minimum description length principle for a
Bloat control and generalization pressure using the minimum description length principle to achieve these objectives based on the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. This principle solutions that are bigger than necessary, contradicting the Occam's razor principle [7] which says that "the
Bacardit, Jaume
Bloat control and generalization pressure using the minimum description length principle propose a method to achieve these objectives based on the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. This principle is a metric which combines in a smart way the accuracy and the complexity of a theory (rule set
Constructing Minimum-Energy Broadcast Trees In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
algorithm, power awareness, ad hoc networks, energy consumption optimization, broad- cast and multicastConstructing Minimum-Energy Broadcast Trees In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Weifa Liang Department related to power consump- tion in this kind of network. One is the minimum-energy broadcast tree problem
Multichannel Blind Deconvolution of Non-minimum Phase Systems Using Information
1 Multichannel Blind Deconvolution of Non-minimum Phase Systems Using Information Backpropagation L;210 Multichannel Blind Deconvolution of Non-minimum Phase Systems Using Information Backpropagation L.-Q. Zhang, A- composition approach, for multichannel blind de- convolution of non-minimumphase systems. In 20] we has
Vialatte, Fran�ois
On the random 2-stage minimum spanning tree Abraham D. Flaxman
On the random 2-stage minimum spanning tree Abraham D. Flaxman Department of Mathematical Sciences random variables, uniformly distributed between 0 and 1, then the expected cost of the minimum spanning tree is asymptotically equal to #16;(3) = P 1 i=1 i 3 . Here we consider the following stochastic two
Krivelevich, Michael
FINDING THE GLOBAL MINIMUM FOR BINARY IMAGE RESTORATION Tony F. Chan
- est. In this paper we define the restored image as the global min- imizer of the total-variation (TVFINDING THE GLOBAL MINIMUM FOR BINARY IMAGE RESTORATION Tony F. Chan , Selim Esedo¯glu and Mila and there are no general methods to calculate the global minimum, while local minimziers are very often of limited inter
Esedoglu, Selim
Modeling the Global Structure of the Heliosphere during the Recent Solar Minimum
, Berkeley, California. Abstract. The recent solar minimum, marking the end of solar cycle 23, has beenModeling the Global Structure of the Heliosphere during the Recent Solar Minimum: Model Mikic and Janet G. Luhmann Predictive Science, San Diego, California. Harvard-Smithsonian Center
Graphical Visualisation of Minimum Energy Requirements for Multi-Effect Distillation Arrangements
1 Graphical Visualisation of Minimum Energy Requirements for Multi-Effect Distillation Arrangements of this paper is to present a simple graphical method for obtaining the energy usage and to compare the energy of Chemical Engineering, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Abstract The minimum energy requirements of six different heat
Energy Efficiency Fund
Note: The 2013 Three Year Efficiency Plans have not yet been approved. The process is underway. For the latest draft plan, review the Massachusetts Energy Efficiency Advisory Council [http://www.ma...
Center 6.2 utilized fan coil units, rather than computerEfficiency kW/ton Fan Coil Unit Design Efficiency CFM/kWCenter 6.2 utilized fan coil units, rather than computer
Energy Efficiency Goals
In 2009, Missouri enacted the Missouri Energy Efficiency Investment Act, creating energy efficiency sales and peak reduction goals to be met through investment in demand side management. The goals...
Energy Efficiency Program Overview
Energy Efficiency Program Overview Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency CATEE Conference November 18-20, 2014 Dallas, TX ESL-KT-14-11-02 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 General Overview � State of Texas... enacted legislation requiring Transmission and Distribution utilities (TDUs) achieve annual goals for energy efficiency � Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) implemented rules and guidelines for consistency among the TDU programs � Texas TDUs...
Energy Efficiency Financing
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Information and examples of state financing for energy efficiency programs, with descriptions on implementation methods and concerns.
Statistical Methods for Estimating the Minimum Thickness Along a Pipeline
along the pipeline can be used to estimate corrosion levels. The traditional parametric model method for this problem is to estimate parameters of a specified corrosion distribution and then to use these parameters companies use pipelines to transfer oil, gas and other materials from one place to another. Manufactures
Managing Energy Efficiency Improvement
efficiency opportunities as well as promote the use of energy efficient methodologies and technologies. If, as program results suggest, 15% to 20% of the gas that is now consumed at by plant operations can be saved through efficiencies, it would save $500...
Almaguer, J.
ENTRY LOBBY ENERGY EFFICIENCY Clerestory windows provide natural day-lighting.· Exterior roof SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES #12;ADMINISTRATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY High performance window glazing· minimizes heat gain ENERGY EFFICIENCY High performance window glazing· minimizes heat gain. Light-colored roofing reflects
Escher, Christine
Low background high efficiency radiocesium detection system based on positron emission tomography technology
After the 2011 nuclear power plant accident at Fukushima, radiocesium contamination in food became a serious concern in Japan. However, low background and high efficiency radiocesium detectors are expensive and huge, including semiconductor germanium detectors. To solve this problem, we developed a radiocesium detector by employing positron emission tomography (PET) technology. Because {sup 134}Cs emits two gamma photons (795 and 605 keV) within 5 ps, they can selectively be measured with coincidence. Such major environmental gamma photons as {sup 40}K (1.46 MeV) are single photon emitters and a coincidence measurement reduces the detection limit of radiocesium detectors. We arranged eight sets of Bi{sub 4}Ge{sub 3}O{sub 12} (BGO) scintillation detectors in double rings (four for each ring) and measured the coincidence between these detectors using PET data acquisition system. A 50 � 50 � 30 mm BGO was optically coupled to a 2 in. square photomultiplier tube (PMT). By measuring the coincidence, we eliminated most single gamma photons from the energy distribution and only detected those from {sup 134}Cs at an average efficiency of 12%. The minimum detectable concentration of the system for the 100 s acquisition time is less than half of the food monitor requirements in Japan (25 Bq/kg). These results show that the developed radiocesium detector based on PET technology is promising to detect low level radiocesium.
Yamamoto, Seiichi; Ogata, Yoshimune [Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan)] [Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan)
Determine Minimum Silver Flake Addition to GCM for Iodine Loaded AgZ
The minimum amount of silver flake required to prevent loss of I{sub 2} during sintering in air for a SNL Glass Composite Material (GCM) Waste Form containing AgI-MOR (ORNL, 8.7 wt%) was determined to be 1.1 wt% Ag. The final GCM composition prior to sintering was 20 wt% AgI-MOR, 1.1 wt% Ag, and 80 wt% Bi-Si oxide glass. The amount of silver flake needed to suppress iodine loss was determined using thermo gravimetric analysis with mass spectroscopic off-gas analysis. These studies found that the ratio of silver to AgI-MOR required is lower in the presence of the glass than without it. Therefore an additional benefit of the GCM is that it serves to inhibit some iodine loss during processing. Alternatively, heating the AgI-MOR in inert atmosphere instead of air allowed for densified GCM formation without I{sub 2} loss, and no necessity for the addition of Ag. The cause of this behavior is found to be related to the oxidation of the metallic Ag to Ag{sup +} when heated to above ~300{degrees}C in air. Heating rate, iodine loading levels and atmosphere are the important variables that determine AgI migration and results suggest that AgI may be completely incorporated into the mordenite structure by the 550{degrees}C sintering temperature.
Terry J. Garino; Tina M. Nenoff; Mark A. Rodriguez
Oncor Energy Efficiency Programs
Oncor Energy Efficiency Programs November 19, 2014 For Oncor Internal Use Only ESL-KT-14-11-04 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 Oncor Energy Efficiency Programs A Comparison of Trends For Oncor... Internal Use Only 2 ESL-KT-14-11-04 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 2012 � 2015 Energy Efficiency Goals Year Demand Goal MW Energy Goal MWh Basis 2012 53.1 93,031 25% of Average Load Growth 2013 54.6 95...
Betts, C.
Cummins SuperTruck Program - Technology and System Level Demonstration...
Cummins SuperTruck Program - Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks Cummins SuperTruck Program - Technology and...
Southern Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC)
The Southern Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC) builds collaborative partnerships with: state and local governments and their program support offices, the building delivery industry (designers, contractors, realtors and commissioning agents), product manufacturers and their supply chains, utilities and their program implementers, consumers and other stakeholders in order to forge a strong regional network of building energy efficiency allies. Through a project Steering Committee composed of the state energy offices and building industry stakeholders, the SEEC works to establish consensus-based goals, priorities and strategies at the regional, state and local levels that will materially advance the deployment of high-performance �beyond code� buildings. In its first Phase, SEEC will provide limited technical and policy support assistance, training, certification and education to a wide spectrum of the building construction, codes and standards, and the consumer marketplace.
Vieira, Robin; Sonne, Jeffrey; Withers, Charles; Cummings, James; Verdict, Malcolm; Roberts, Sydney
Clean and Efficient Diesel Engine
Task 1 was to design study for fuel-efficient system configuration. The objective of task 1 was to perform a system design study of locomotive engine configurations leading to a 5% improvement in fuel efficiency. Modeling studies were conducted in GT-Power to perform this task. GT-Power is an engine simulation tool that facilitates modeling of engine components and their system level interactions. It provides the capability to evaluate a variety of engine technologies such as exhaust gas circulation (EGR), variable valve timing, and advanced turbo charging. The setup of GT-Power includes a flexible format that allows the effects of variations in available technologies (i.e., varying EGR fractions or fuel injection timing) to be systematically evaluated. Therefore, development can be driven by the simultaneous evaluation of several technology configurations.
made in the energy efficiency of buildings. Better cost dataimproving energy efficiency of buildings is being addressedimprovement of energy efficiency in buildings are briefly
Wall, L.W.
Industrial Energy Efficiency as a Risk Management Strategy
of acting before government regulations are implemented. In this manner, regulations are a surprise element in doing business. Finally, energy efficiency as a corporate goal, will lead to an overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This sole... can be effective as a corporate strategy as well. Plant level interactions with energy efficiency yield immediate gains, while energy efficiency as part of the corporate agenda delivers long term benefits. Energy efficiency employed...
Naumoff, C.; Shipley, A. M.
Levelling of microprofiles in electrodeposition
This dissertation addresses current distribution phenomena in the smoothing of advancing and receding microprofiles during electrodeposition in the following areas: levelling in the presence of inhibitors, levelling in the presence of corrosive agents, and levelling caused by periodic current reversal. These phenomena are relevant to many commercial electrodeposition processes. Theoretical analysis of moving boundaries in electrodeposition is addressed, focusing on the levelling of microscopic surface contours. The literature relevant to the solution of current distribution problems is reviewed. Convection of inhibitors to the depth of trenches is evaluated using the finite element method, and characterized as a function of Reynolds number, notch angle, and depth. Secondary flows are shown to noticeably enhance transport into microscopic trenches only at high Peclet numbers, i.e. at very high flow velocities. The boundary element method (BEM) is used to analyze levelling caused by inhibitors consumed at the transport limiting rate during electrodeposition. It is predicted that (1) better levelling performance can be obtained if the microscopic surface waviness is oriented perpendicular to the convective flow, and (2) for surface roughness oriented parallel to the flow, there is an optimum boundary layer thickness, or flux of additive, which results in superior levelling performance. Profilometry and photomicrography is applied to obtain the current distribution, current efficiency and levelling performance on novel microprofiled electrodes for two orientations with respect to the fluid flow during nickel electrodeposition in the presence of coumarin. Slightly better levelling occurs in flows transverse to grooves, and the deposit thickness increases in the flow direction. It is concluded that coumarin acts by simultaneously lowering the current efficiency, and blocking metal deposition. 331 refs., 86 figs., 8 tabs.
Jordan, K.G.
Energy Efficiency: A Priority
Energy Efficiency: A Priority October 9th 2013 2 Energy efficiency: a priority NBC profile (April 30th, 2013) 1st financial institution in Quebec 19 920 employees 451 branches in Canada 2,4 million individual clients 3 Energy efficiency: a... priority Energenia?s profile Consulting firm specializing exclusively in energy efficency Founded by Robert Patenaude in 2003 National Bank?s main partner for the development, implementation and supervision of the energy efficiciency program since...
Patenaude, R.
Consortium for Energy Efficiency
Presentation covers the Consortium for Energy Efficiency at the Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting, held on November 18-19, 2009.
introduced to the market, saving energy in California, thesupport EEE to save energy, so broad market adoption shouldaccelerate market transformation of energy efficient digital
Efficient Water Use & Management
Goals Water Use Goal 4: Efficient Water Use & Management Aware of the arid climate of northern New Mexico, water reduction and conservation remains a primary concern at LANL....
Bearwall Energy Efficient Solutions
CATEE Conference November 20, 2014 ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS ESL-KT-14-11-06 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 Brief History of Bearwall� Who We Are: ? Manuel Sovero ? Luis Osorio Energy Conservation... Experience: ESL-KT-14-11-06 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 Energy Programs� ESL-KT-14-11-06 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 Bearwall Methodology� Introduction...
Connecticut's original electric-industry restructuring legislation (Public Act 98-28), enacted in April 1998, created separate funds to support energy efficiency and renewable energy.* The...
Energy Efficiency Product Standards
'' Note: The federal government has imposed and updated appliance efficiency standards through several legislative acts,* and now has standards in place or under development for 30 classes of...
Efficient Motor System Tools Sponsored by the DOE Motor Challenge Program
efficiency, purchase price, energy costs, hours of operation, load factor, and utility rebates are taken into account. -Utility rebate program data, which includes minimum qualifying efficiency and rebate dollar values. -Menus and extensive Help screens... in accordance with these two assumptions, the private sector will supply the delivery mechanisms for Motor Challenge tools because they will represent a value added to their existing commercial products. Industry and DOE Drivers Industry and DOE, in general...
Blazewicz, S.; McCoy, G. A.; Olszewski, M.; Scheihing, P.
Energy-Efficient Protocols for Wireless Networks with Adaptive MIMO Capabilities
of a power-aware routing (PAR) scheme that selects minimum-energy end-to-end paths. Our adaptive designs (see Krunz et. al [5] for a survey)1 , some of which are aimed at energy conservation (e.g., Agarwal etEnergy-Efficient Protocols for Wireless Networks with Adaptive MIMO Capabilities Mohammad Z. Siam
Krunz, Marwan M.
, GEBRES maintains higher minimum residual energy on nodes and achieves better load balancing in terms of having a smaller standard deviation of residual energy among nodes. GEBRES exhibits a little degradationENERGY-EFFICIENT GEOGRAPHIC ROUTING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY POWERED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Kai Zeng
California at Davis, University of
LCCC Workshop -Lund Sweden -December 7, 2011 EfficientlyAttentive Quantized
LCCC Workshop - Lund Sweden - December 7, 2011 EfficientlyAttentive Quantized Event Notre Dame, IN, USA #12;LCCC Workshop - Lund Sweden - December 7, 2011 Sampled Data Control System(t) = ^xk for t [sk, sk+1). Minimum Information for Stabilization? #12;LCCC Workshop - Lund Sweden
Lemmon, Michael
J 4.8 MODELING THE TALLAHASSEE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALY Kelly G. Godsey*
1 J 4.8 MODELING THE TALLAHASSEE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALY Kelly G. Godsey* 1,2 , Henry E author address: Kelly G. Godsey, NWS, Morristown, TN 37814; email: email@example.com #12;2 Fig. 1
Fuelberg, Henry
From Fjords to Open Seas: Ecological Genomics of Expanding Oxygen Minimum Zones (2010 JGI User Meeting)
Steven Hallam of the University of British Columbia talks "From Fjords to Open Seas: Ecological Genomics of Expanding Oxygen Minimum Zones" on March 24, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting
Hallam, Steven
Guaranteed Minimum-Rank Solutions of Linear Matrix Equations via Nuclear Norm Minimization
The affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints. Such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields ...
Recht, Benjamin
A Cycle Augmentation Algorithm for Minimum Cost Multicommodity Flows on a Ring
A Cycle Augmentation Algorithm for Minimum Cost Multicommodity Flows on a Ring Bruce Shepherd bshep of Ford and Fulkerson [5]. We mention that a similar state of affairs held for generalized
Shepherd, Bruce
MINIMUM REJECTION SCHEDULING IN ALL-PHOTONIC NETWORKS Nahid Saberi and Mark J. Coates
MINIMUM REJECTION SCHEDULING IN ALL-PHOTONIC NETWORKS Nahid Saberi and Mark J. Coates Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada E-mail: nahid.saberi
IDAPA 37.03.03 - Rules and Minimum Standards for the Construction...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
3.03 - Rules and Minimum Standards for the Construction and Use of Injection Wells Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Legal Document-...
Online Supplement to "Bounding Distributions for the Weight of a Minimum Spanning Tree in Stochastic
Online Supplement to "Bounding Distributions for the Weight of a Minimum Spanning Tree in Stochastic Networks" Kevin R. Hutson · Douglas R. Shier Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Denison
Shier, Douglas R.
Statistical Analysis and Time Series Models for Minimum/Maximum Temperatures
temperatures, thereby reducing the adverse effect of global warming in the Antarctic Peninsula. Keywords that the observed increase in the minimum temperatures is a consequence of human activity rather than natural causes
Sidorov, Nikita
Energy Efficient Operation of Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
Ammonia refrigeration systems typically offer many energy efficiency opportunities because of their size and complexity. This paper develops a model for simulating single-stage ammonia refrigeration systems, describes common energy saving opportunities, and uses the model to quantify those opportunities. The simulation model uses data that are typically available during site visits to ammonia refrigeration plants and can be calibrated to actual consumption and performance data if available. Annual electricity consumption for a base-case ammonia refrigeration system is simulated. The model is then used to quantify energy savings for six specific energy efficiency opportunities; reduce refrigeration load, increase suction pressure, employ dual suction, decrease minimum head pressure set-point, increase evaporative condenser capacity, and reclaim heat. Methods and considerations for achieving each saving opportunity are discussed. The model captures synergistic effects that result when more than one component or parameter is changed. This methodology represents an effective method to model and quantify common energy saving opportunities in ammonia refrigeration systems. The results indicate the range of savings that might be expected from common energy efficiency opportunities.
Mohammed, Abdul Qayyum [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio; Wenning, Thomas J [ORNL] [ORNL; Sever, Franc [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio; Kissock, Professor Kelly [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio
Energy efficient laboratory fume hood
The present invention provides a low energy consumption fume hood that provides an adequate level of safety while reducing the amount of air exhausted from the hood. A low-flow fume hood in accordance with the present invention works on the principal of providing an air supply, preferably with low turbulence intensity, in the face of the hood. The air flow supplied displaces the volume currently present in the hood's face without significant mixing between the two volumes and with minimum injection of air from either side of the flow. This air flow provides a protective layer of clean air between the contaminated low-flow fume hood work chamber and the laboratory room. Because this protective layer of air will be free of contaminants, even temporary mixing between the air in the face of the fume hood and room air, which may result from short term pressure fluctuations or turbulence in the laboratory, will keep contaminants contained within the hood. Protection of the face of the hood by an air flow with low turbulence intensity in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention largely reduces the need to exhaust large amounts of air from the hood. It has been shown that exhaust air flow reductions of up to 75% are possible without a decrease in the hood's containment performance.
Feustel, Helmut E. (Albany, CA)
Double active shielded magnetic field gradient design with minimum inductance method
DOUBLE ACTIVE SHIELDED MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENT DESIGN WITH MINIMUM INDUCTANCE METHOD A Thesis by XU WANG Submitted to the Oflice of Graduate Studies of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE May 1992 Major Subject: Physics DOUBLE ACTIVE SHIELDED MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENT DESIGN WITH MINIMUM INDUCTANCE METHOD A Thesis by XU WANG Approved as to style and content by: F. R. Huson (Chair of Committee) Steve Wry (Member) Edward...
Wang, Xu
Advantages of a Leveled Commitment Contracting Protocol
Advantages of a Leveled Commitment Contracting Protocol Tuomas W. Sandholm and Victor R. Lesser 7, 1995 #12; Advantages of a Leveled Commitment Contracting Protocol Tuomas W. Sandholm and Victor R, contracts have traditionally been binding. Such contracts do not al low agents to efficiently accommodate
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
. D R A F T October 27, 2010, 11:34pm D R A F T #12;2 ENERGY EFFICIENT INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE FigureCHAPTER 1 ENERGY EFFICIENT INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE Weirong Jiang, Ph.D.1 , and Viktor K. Prasanna]. In other words, an IP address may match multiple prefixes, but only the longest D R A F T October 27, 2010
Prasanna, Viktor K.
A Dynamic Localized Minimum-Energy Agent Tree-Based Data Dissemination Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
A Dynamic Localized Minimum-Energy Agent Tree-Based Data Dissemination Scheme for Wireless Sensor this prob- lem by proposing a minimum-energy tree-based data dissemination scheme, Dynamic Localized Minimum-Energy Agent Tree-Based Scheme (DLATS). We exploit the fact that sensor nodes are stationary and location
Holliday, JoAnne
1906 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 53, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2005 Minimum-Energy Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc
in polynomial time, in sharp con- trast with the NP-hardness of constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree with a single tree is presented. The minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting with routing is found by an integer in the Steiner tree literature, can now be interpreted as the optimization for minimum energy multicasting
Chen, Yuanzhu Peter
TECHNICAL REPORT TR-09-04, UC DAVIS, SEPTEMBER 2009. 1 Minimum-Energy Multicast Tree in Cognitive Radio Networks
TECHNICAL REPORT TR-09-04, UC DAVIS, SEPTEMBER 2009. 1 Minimum-Energy Multicast Tree in Cognitive guarantee for constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree, which transforms the multicast problem load of the primary network on the minimum-energy multicast tree. I. INTRODUCTION Multicast can provide
Strain energy minimum and vibrational properties of single-walled aluminosilicate nanotubes Suchitra Konduri, Sanjoy Mukherjee, and Sankar Nair*
Strain energy minimum and vibrational properties of single-walled aluminosilicate nanotubes study the origin of the strain energy minimum in a single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube via a har- persity in the nanotube diameter is explained in terms of a minimum in the strain energy due
Nair, Sankar
Major in Aerospace Engineering Master of Engineering (with creative component) A minimum of 27 credits of acceptable
Major in Aerospace Engineering Master of Engineering (with creative component) A minimum of 27 Engineering along with a minimum of 3 credits of Aer E 599 (creative component) must be taken. The POS Mechanics Master of Engineering (with creative component) A minimum of 24 credits of acceptable course
Lin, Zhiqun
The Efficient Windows Collaborative
The Efficient Windows Collaborative (EWC) is a coalition of manufacturers, component suppliers, government agencies, research institutions, and others who partner to expand the market for energy efficient window products. Funded through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy, the EWC provides education, communication and outreach in order to transform the residential window market to 70% energy efficient products by 2005. Implementation of the EWC is managed by the Alliance to Save Energy, with support from the University of Minnesota and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Petermann, Nils
Tree-level metastability bounds in two-Higgs doublet models
The two Higgs doublet model has a rich vacuum structure, including the possibility of existence of two Standard Model-like minima at tree-level. It is therefore possible that the universe's vacuum is metastable, and a deeper minimum exists. We present the analytical conditions one must demand of the potential's parameters to prevent that possibility, and analyse what the current LHC data tells us about the eventual existence of that second minimum.
A. Barroso; P. M. Ferreira; I. Ivanov; Rui Santos
Thermodynamic Efficiency of Heat Exchange Devices
is defined for heat exchange devices. The efficiency can be simply written in terms of the mean absolute temperature levels of the two fluids exchanging heat, and an appropriate environment temperature. It is also shown that for a given ratio of hot to cold...
Witte, L. C.; Shamsundar, N.
Achieving Vehicle Fuel Efficiency: The CAFE Standards and Abstract: As a series of political objectives converge and call for enhanced domestic automobile
recommendations for the United States and China: rework minimum fuel efficiency standards, raise the gasoline tax situation in the United States is largely defined by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, whichAchieving Vehicle Fuel Efficiency: The CAFE Standards and Beyond Abstract: As a series of political
Mauzerall, Denise
In 1980, Florida enacted the Florida Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (FEECA), creating Florida Statutes Section 366.80-366.85 and Section 403.519. Section 366.82(6) requires the Florida...
& Acceptance Hydrogen Supply & Delivery Infrastructure Hydrogen Cost Target*: $2 3 /gge, (dispensedEnergy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Overview of DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities Dr. Sunita, domestic resources. Stationary Power (including CHP & backup power) Auxiliary & Portable Power
& Delivery Infrastructure Hydrogen Cost Target: $2 3 /gge, delivered Key Challenges Technology ValidationEnergy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Overview of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities Dr. Sunita. Stationary Power (including CHP & backup power) Auxiliary & Portable Power Transportation Benefits
or similar legal mechanism The Second U.S-China Energy Efficiency Forum Commercial PACE Benefits * No or Low Upfront Costs. Removes high first cost barrier to investment. * Very...
Energy Efficiency Targets
In June 2009, Maine enacted the ''Act Regarding Maine's Energy Future'', which established the Efficiency Maine Trust. As a part of this Act, the Trust is responsible for creating a plan to reach...
Buildings Energy Efficiency Policy
Efficiency Wind Biomass Natural Gas Combined Cycle Nuclear Coal IGCC Photovoltaics Rangeof · Emphasized lighting · Insulation, HVAC, motors, windows also significant · Savings typically 1-10% per
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Premium Efficient Motors
Premium efficient motors are available which convert electrical energy into mechanical energy with fewer losses than the more standard motors. The fewer losses in these motors are due to changes in the motor design and improved manufacturing methods...
Moser, P. R.
Energy Efficiency Resource Standard
The California Legislature emphasized the importance of energy efficiency and established broad goals with the enactment of [http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/word_pdf/FINAL_DECISION/85995.pdf Assembly Bill...
Building Energy Efficient Schools
for extremely inefficient buildings. To accomplish this, the school administrator must be an active participant in the design process. Energy efficient school design is a team effort involving the architect, engineer, and school administrator. This paper...
McClure, J. D.; Estes, J. M.
Efficient distributed quantum computing
We provide algorithms for efficiently moving and addressing quantum memory in parallel. These imply that the standard circuit model can be simulated with a low overhead by a more realistic model of a distributed quantum ...
Beals, Robert
Distillation: The Efficient Workhorse
DISTILLATION: THE EFFICIENT WORKHORSE Dan Steinmeyer Monsanto Company St. Louis, Missouri Distillation is inherently highly efficient: phase separation is clean it is relatively easy to build a mUltistage countercurrent device equilibrium... of separation to the work pmbedded in the reboiler and condenser thermal flows. The right application is one where the streams ? separated both exceed la' of the feed, relative volatility exceeds 1.2, and separation is complete - i.e. pure products...
Steinmeyer, D.
On the critical flame radius and minimum ignition energy for spherical flame initiation
Spherical flame initiation from an ignition kernel is studied theoretically and numerically using different fuel/oxygen/helium/argon mixtures (fuel: hydrogen, methane, and propane). The emphasis is placed on investigating the critical flame radius controlling spherical flame initiation and its correlation with the minimum ignition energy. It is found that the critical flame radius is different from the flame thickness and the flame ball radius and that their relationship depends strongly on the Lewis number. Three different flame regimes in terms of the Lewis number are observed and a new criterion for the critical flame radius is introduced. For mixtures with Lewis number larger than a critical Lewis number above unity, the critical flame radius is smaller than the flame ball radius but larger than the flame thickness. As a result, the minimum ignition energy can be substantially over-predicted (under-predicted) based on the flame ball radius (the flame thickness). The results also show that the minimum ignition energy for successful spherical flame initiation is proportional to the cube of the critical flame radius. Furthermore, preferential diffusion of heat and mass (i.e. the Lewis number effect) is found to play an important role in both spherical flame initiation and flame kernel evolution after ignition. It is shown that the critical flame radius and the minimum ignition energy increase significantly with the Lewis number. Therefore, for transportation fuels with large Lewis numbers, blending of small molecule fuels or thermal and catalytic cracking will significantly reduce the minimum ignition energy.
Chen, Zheng; Burke, M. P.; Ju, Yiguang
Efficient Windows Collaborative
The project goals covered both the residential and commercial windows markets and involved a range of audiences such as window manufacturers, builders, homeowners, design professionals, utilities, and public agencies. Essential goals included: (1) Creation of 'Master Toolkits' of information that integrate diverse tools, rating systems, and incentive programs, customized for key audiences such as window manufacturers, design professionals, and utility programs. (2) Delivery of education and outreach programs to multiple audiences through conference presentations, publication of articles for builders and other industry professionals, and targeted dissemination of efficient window curricula to professionals and students. (3) Design and implementation of mechanisms to encourage and track sales of more efficient products through the existing Window Products Database as an incentive for manufacturers to improve products and participate in programs such as NFRC and ENERGY STAR. (4) Development of utility incentive programs to promote more efficient residential and commercial windows. Partnership with regional and local entities on the development of programs and customized information to move the market toward the highest performing products. An overarching project goal was to ensure that different audiences adopt and use the developed information, design and promotion tools and thus increase the market penetration of energy efficient fenestration products. In particular, a crucial success criterion was to move gas and electric utilities to increase the promotion of energy efficient windows through demand side management programs as an important step toward increasing the market share of energy efficient windows.
Nils Petermann
Energy Efficiency Upgrades
The energy efficiency upgrades project at Hardin County General Hospital did not include research nor was it a demonstration project. The project enabled the hospital to replace outdated systems with modern efficient models. Hardin County General Hospital is a 501c3, nonprofit hospital and the sole community provider for Hardin and Pope Counties of Illinois. This project provided much needed equipment and facility upgrades that would not have been possible through locally generated funding. Task 1 was a reroofing of the hospital. The hospital architect designed the replacement to increase the energy efficiency of the hospital roof/ceiling structure. Task 2 was replacement and installation of a new more efficient CT scanner for the hospital. Included in the project was replacement of HVAC equipment for the entire radiological suite. Task 5 was a replacement and installation of a new higher capacity diesel-fueled emergency generator for the hospital replacing a 50+ year old gas-fired generator. Task 7 was the replacement of 50+ year-old walk-in cooler/freezer with a newer, energy efficient model. Task 8 was the replacement of 10+ year-old washing machines in the hospital laundry with higher capacity, energy efficient models. Task 9 was replacement of 50-year old single pane curtain window system with double-pane insulated windows. Additionally, insulation was added around ventilation systems and the curtain wall system.
Roby Williams
Every Joule is Precious: The Case for Revisiting Operating System Design for Energy Efficiency
Every Joule is Precious: The Case for Revisiting Operating System Design for Energy Efficiency Amin, it is important to develop low-level mechanisms and higher- level policies to maximize energy efficiency and implementation from the point of view of energy efficiency rather than the more traditional OS metric
Vahdat, Amin
Tracking Progress Last updated 10/7/2013 Energy Efficiency 1
Tracking Progress Last updated 10/7/2013 Energy Efficiency 1 Energy Efficiency Figure 1 shows" standard for advanced levels of energy efficiency. The intent of the advanced, voluntary tiers is to provide the industry and marketplace with a framework for differentiating highly energy- efficient
On the origin of the low temperatures resistivity minimum in Cr thin films
We present measurements of the electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient, ? and R{sub H}, in Cr films of different thicknesses grown on MgO (100) substrates, as a function of temperature T and applied magnetic field H. The results show a low temperature minimum in ?(T), which is thickness dependent. From 40?K to 2?K, the Hall coefficient is a monotonous increasing function as T is reduced with no particular signature at the temperature T{sub min} where the minimum develops. We explain the resistivity minimum assuming an imperfect nesting of the Fermi surface leading to small electron and hole pockets. We introduce a phenomenological model which supports this simple physical picture.
Osquiguil, E.; Tosi, L.; Kaul, E. E.; Balseiro, C. A. [Centro At�mico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisi�n Nacional de Energ�a At�mica, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina)
Energy Efficiency Fund (Electric)- Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Programs
All Connecticut Utilities implement electric and gas efficiency rebate programs funded by Connecticut's public benefits charge through the Energy Efficiency Fund. The Connecticut Light and Power...
428114 Computationally Efficient Modeling of High-Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines Daniel Flowers (PI), Salvador Aceves, Nicholas Killingsworth, Matthew McNenly, Thomas...
Idetic: A High-level Synthesis Approach for Enabling Long Computations on Transiently-powered ASICs
that aims to find the checkpoints which incur minimum overhead and minimize recomputation energy cost. We operation, Idetic adaptively adjusts the checkpointing rate based on the available energy level and manufacturing cost, mass production justifies using ASIC solutions. In addition, recent advances in High- Level
Electric motor systems in developing countries: Opportunities for efficiency improvement
This report presents an overview of the current status and efficiency improvement potential of industrial motor systems in developing countries. Better management of electric motor systems is of particular relevance in developing countries, where improved efficiency can lead to increased productivity and slower growth in electricity demand. Motor systems currently consume some 65--80% of the industrial electricity in developing countries. Drawing on studies from Thailand, India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, and Costa Rica, we describe potential efficiency gains in various parts of the motor system, from the electricity delivery system through the motor to the point where useful work is performed. We report evidence of a significant electricity conservation potential. Most of the efficiency improvement methods we examine are very cost-effective from a societal viewpoint, but are generally not implemented due to various barriers that deter their adoption. Drawing on experiences in North America, we discuss a range of policies to overcome these barriers, including education, training, minimum efficiency standards, motor efficiency testing protocols, technical assistance programs, and financial incentives.
Meyers, S.; Monahan, P.; Lewis, P.; Greenberg, S. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Nadel, S. [American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC (United States)
Efficiency Improvement through Reduction in Friction and Wear in Powertrain Systems
The objective of this project is to improve the efficiency of truck drivelines through reduction of friction and parasitic losses in transmission and drive axles. Known efficiencies for these products exceeded 97 percent, so the task was not trivial. The project relied on a working relationship between modeling and hardware testing. Modeling was to shorten the development cycle by guiding the selection of materials, processes and strategies. Bench top and fixture tests were to validate the models. Modeling was performed at a world class, high academic level, but in the end, modeling did not impact the hardware development as much as intended. Insights leading to the most significant accomplishments came from bench top and fixture tests and full scale dynamometer tests. A key development in the project was the formulation of the implementation strategy. Five technical elements with potential to minimize friction and parasitic losses were identified. These elements included churning, lubrication, surface roughness, coatings and textures. An interesting fact is that both Caterpillar and Eaton independently converged on the same set of technical elements in formulating their implementation strategies. Exploiting technical elements of the implementation strategy had a positive impact on transmission and drive axle efficiencies. During one dynamometer test of an Eaton Best Tech 1 transmission, all three gear ranges tested: Under drive, direct drive and over drive, showed efficiencies greater than 99 percent. Technology boosts to efficiency for transmissions reached 1 percent, while efficiency improvements to drive axle pushed 2 percent. These advancements seem small, but the accomplishment is large considering that these products normally run at greater than 97 percent efficiency. Barriers and risks to implementing these technology elements are clear. Schemes using a low fill sump and spray tubes endanger the gears and bearings by lubricant starvation. Gear coatings have exhibited durability issues, stripping away under conditions less demanding than 750,000 miles in service on the road. Failed coatings compound the problem by contaminating the lubricant with hard particles. Under the most severe conditions, super finished surfaces may polish further, reaching a surface roughness unable to support the critical oil film thickness. Low viscosity and low friction lubricants may not protect the gears and bearings adequately leading to excessive pitting, wear and noise. Additives in low friction oils may not stay in solution or suspended thus settling to the bottom and unavailable when they are needed most. Technical barriers and risks can be overcome through engineering, but two barriers remain formidable: (1) cost of the technology and (2) convincing fleet owners that the technology provides a tangible benefit. Dry sumps lower lubricant operating temperatures so the removal of heat exchangers and hoses and reduced demand on engine cooling systems justify their use. The benefits of surface texturing are varied and remain unproven. Lubricant costs seem manageable, but the cost of super finishing and gear coating are high. These are issues of scale and processing technology. Going across the board with gear super finishing and coating will reduce costs. Pushing the envelope to applications with higher torque and higher power density should drive the adoption of these technologies. Fleet owners are an educated and seasoned lot. Only technology measureable in dollars returned is used on truck fleets. To convince fleet owners of the benefit of these technologies, new precision in measuring fuel efficiency must be introduced. Legislation for a minimum standard in truck miles per gallon would also enable the use of these technologies. Improving the efficiency of truck transmissions and axle will make a noticeable impact on the fuel consumption by heavy vehicles in the United States. However, the greatest benefit will come when all the individual efficiency technologies like hybrid power, aerodynamic fairings, auxiliary power units, super
Michael Killian
Coordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
This paper reviews the relationship between energy efficiency and demand response and discusses approaches and barriers to coordinating energy efficiency and demand response. The paper is intended to support the 10 implementation goals of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency's Vision to achieve all cost-effective energy efficiency by 2025. Improving energy efficiency in our homes, businesses, schools, governments, and industries - which consume more than 70 percent of the nation's natural gas and electricity - is one of the most constructive, cost-effective ways to address the challenges of high energy prices, energy security and independence, air pollution, and global climate change. While energy efficiency is an increasingly prominent component of efforts to supply affordable, reliable, secure, and clean electric power, demand response is becoming a valuable tool in utility and regional resource plans. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) estimated the contribution from existing U.S. demand response resources at about 41,000 megawatts (MW), about 5.8 percent of 2008 summer peak demand (FERC, 2008). Moreover, FERC recently estimated nationwide achievable demand response potential at 138,000 MW (14 percent of peak demand) by 2019 (FERC, 2009).2 A recent Electric Power Research Institute study estimates that 'the combination of demand response and energy efficiency programs has the potential to reduce non-coincident summer peak demand by 157 GW' by 2030, or 14-20 percent below projected levels (EPRI, 2009a). This paper supports the Action Plan's effort to coordinate energy efficiency and demand response programs to maximize value to customers. For information on the full suite of policy and programmatic options for removing barriers to energy efficiency, see the Vision for 2025 and the various other Action Plan papers and guides available at www.epa.gov/eeactionplan.
Goldman, Charles; Reid, Michael; Levy, Roger; Silverstein, Alison
New current control concept -- Minimum time current control in the three-phase PWM converter
In this paper, a new current controller that guarantees the fastest transient response is proposed. The basic concept is to find the optimal control voltage for tracking the reference current with minimum time under the voltage limit constraint. Though this minimum time control concept is also applicable to all the machine drive systems, this paper focuses on the current regulation in the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. In the simulation and experimental results, it is observed that the proposed controller has much less transient time than the conventional synchronous PI regulator and the performance of the dc link voltage control is also greatly improved with the proposed current controller.
Choi, J.W. [LG Industrial Systems, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Sul, S.K. [Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of). School of Electrical Engineering
2000 NRCAN, 2006. Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada 1990 toResources Canada�s Office of Energy Efficiency, Ottawa.NRCAN, 2009. Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada 1990 to
Sathaye, Jayant
Seven recent energy-efficient U.S. office buildings areSeven recent energy-efficient U.S. office buildings are18, 1983. PROGRESS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS Leonard W.
Efficiency Maine Residential Lighting Program
Efficiency Maine's Residential Lighting Program works directly with retailers and manufacturers to encourage residential customers to purchase energy-efficient lighting. Rebate amounts average $1...
Best Practice Indicates technical potential Actual energy efficiencyenergy efficiency over time. Building on past OECD experience and best practices,best practices. Figure 4. Plant Benchmarking Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency Project Development
The International Utility Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. (IUEP) has been a leader among the industry groups that have supported voluntary initiatives to promote international energy efficiency projects and address global climate change. The IUEP maintains its leadership by both supporting international greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction projects under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and by partnering with U.S. and international organizations to develop and implement strategies and specific energy efficiency projects. The goals of the IUEP program are to (1) provide a way for U.S. industry to maintain a leadership role in international energy efficiency infrastructure projects; (2) identify international energy project development opportunities to continue its leadership in supporting voluntary market-based mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions; and (3) demonstrate private sector commitment to voluntary approaches to global climate issues. The IUEP is dedicated to identifying, promoting, managing, and assisting in the registration of international energy efficiency projects that result in demonstrated voluntary reductions of GHG emissions. This Final Technical Report summarizes the IUEP's work in identifying, promoting, managing, and assisting in development of these projects and IUEP's effort in creating international cooperative partnerships to support project development activities that develop and deploy technologies that (1) increase efficiency in the production, delivery and use of energy; (2) increase the use of cleaner, low-carbon fuels in processing products; and (3) capture/sequester carbon gases from energy systems. Through international cooperative efforts, the IUEP intends to strengthen partnerships for energy technology innovation and demonstration projects capable of providing cleaner energy in a cost-effective manner. As detailed in this report, the IUEP met program objectives and goals during the reporting period January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2002. At the request of the DOE, we have also included in this report additional activities during the reporting period January, 1999 through January, 2001. This additional information had been reported earlier in the Final Technical Reports that summarized activities undertaken in those earlier periods.
City of San Marcos- Energy Efficient Home Rebate Program (Texas)
The City of San Marcos offers an Energy Efficient Home Rebate Program for the installation of HVAC equipment, insulation types/levels, duct leakage, windows and doors. A homeowner or tenant with...
Energy-Efficient Signal Processing Using FPGAs Seonil Choi, Ronald Scrofano, and
at the algorithm level using FPGAs. We then use these techniques to create energy-efficient designs for two signal General Terms Algorithms, Performance, Design Keywords Energy efficient design techniques, FPGA, FFT
Hwang, Kai
The SEAD global efficiency medal competition: accelerating market transformation for efficient televisions
The Global Efficiency Medal competition, a cornerstone activity of the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative, is an awards program that encourages the production and sale of super-efficient products. SEAD is a voluntary multinational government collaboration of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM). This winner-takes-all competition recognizes products with the best energy efficiency, guides early adopter purchasers towards the most efficient product choices and demonstrates the levels of energy efficiency achievable by commercially available and emerging technologies. The first Global Efficiency Medals were awarded to the most energy-efficient flat panel televisions; an iconic consumer purchase. SEAD Global Efficiency Medals were awarded to televisions that have proven to be substantially more energy efficient than comparable models available at the time of the competition (applications closed in the end of May 2012). The award-winning TVs consume between 33 to 44 percent less energy per 2 unit of screen area than comparable LED-backlit LCD televisions sold in each regional market and 50 to 60 percent less energy than CCFL-backlit LCD TVs. Prior to the launch of this competition, SEAD conducted an unprecedented international round-robin test (RRT) to qualify TV test laboratories to support verification testing for SEAD awards. The RRT resulted in increased test laboratory capacity and expertise around the world and ensured that the test results from participating regional test laboratories could be compared in a fair and transparent fashion. This paper highlights a range of benefits resulting from this first SEAD awards competition and encourages further investigation of the awards concept as a means to promote energy efficiency in other equipment types.
Ravi, Kavita [US Department of Energy, Washington, DC (United States)] [US Department of Energy, Washington, DC (United States); Bennich, Peter [Swedish Energy Agency (Sweden)] [Swedish Energy Agency (Sweden); Cockburn, John [Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa (Canada)] [Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa (Canada); Doi, Naoko [Institute of Energy Economics (Japan)] [Institute of Energy Economics (Japan); Garg, Sandeep [United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY (United States)] [United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY (United States); Garnaik, S.P. [ICF International (India)] [ICF International (India); Holt, Shane [Energy and Tourism, Canberra (Australia)] [Energy and Tourism, Canberra (Australia); Walker, Mike [Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom)] [Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom); Westbrook-Trenholm, Elizabeth [Natural Resources, Canada, Ottawa (Canada). Office of Energy Efficiency] [Natural Resources, Canada, Ottawa (Canada). Office of Energy Efficiency; Lising, Anna [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States)] [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States); Pantano, Steve [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States)] [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States); Khare, Amit [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States)] [Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (United States); Park, Won Young [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)] [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)
Energy Efficiency of Future Networks Energy Efficient Transmission in
Energy Efficiency of Future Networks Part 1: Energy Efficient Transmission in Classical Wireless #12;Goals Energy Efficiency: What it meant last decade; what it means today From a communication network design perspective what should we care about for energy efficient design of cellular
Ulukus, Sennur
Bachelor of Science with Major in Geology (Minimum of 120 credits required)
Bachelor of Science with Major in Geology (Minimum of 120 credits required) The Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree is designed for students planning professional careers in geology, hydrogeology work in geology, geosciences and environmental science. Prerequisite Coursework for Transfer Students
Fernandez, Eduardo
Bachelor of Arts with Major in Geology: Earth and Space Science (Minimum of 120 credits required)
Bachelor of Arts with Major in Geology: Earth and Space Science (Minimum of 120 credits required) The Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in Geology (Earth Science) is designed for students planning professional 2053 & 2048L 5 College Algebra MAC 1105 3 Introductory Statistics STA 2023 3 Total 19 Geology (Earth
Belogay, Eugene A.
Exploiting Schedule Slacks for RateOptimal PowerMinimum Software Pipelining #
engineered compiler on Wattch power simulator, we observe that our approach can reduce dynamic energy consumptionExploiting Schedule Slacks for RateOptimal PowerMinimum Software Pipelining # Hongbo Yang + R systems de mand new compiler techniques geared toward both high performance and low power. Software
Gao, Guang R.
Minimum mass of moderator required for criticality of homogeneous low-enriched uranium systems
A parametric calculational analysis has been performed in order to estimate the minimum mass of moderator required for criticality of homogeneous low-enriched uranium systems. The analysis was performed using a version of the SCALE-4.0 code system and the 27-group ENDF/B-IV cross-section library. Water-moderated uranyl fluoride (UO[sub 2]F[sub 2] and H[sub 2]O) and hydrofluoric-acid-moderated uranium hexaflouride (UF[sub 6] and HF) systems were considered in the analysis over enrichments of 1.4 to 5 wt % [sup 235]U. Estimates of the minimum critical volume, minimum critical mass of uranium, and the minimum mass of moderator required for criticality are presented. There was significant disagreement between the values generated in this study when compared with a similar undocumented study performed in 1983 using ANISN and the Knight-modified Hansen-Roach cross sections. An investigation into the cause of the disagreement was made, and the results are presented.
Jordan, W.C.; Turner, J.C.
A parametric calculational analysis has been performed in order to estimate the minimum mass of moderator required for criticality of homogeneous low-enriched uranium systems. The analysis was performed using a version of the SCALE-4.0 code system and the 27-group ENDF/B-IV cross-section library. Water-moderated uranyl fluoride (UO{sub 2}F{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O) and hydrofluoric-acid-moderated uranium hexaflouride (UF{sub 6} and HF) systems were considered in the analysis over enrichments of 1.4 to 5 wt % {sup 235}U. Estimates of the minimum critical volume, minimum critical mass of uranium, and the minimum mass of moderator required for criticality are presented. There was significant disagreement between the values generated in this study when compared with a similar undocumented study performed in 1983 using ANISN and the Knight-modified Hansen-Roach cross sections. An investigation into the cause of the disagreement was made, and the results are presented.
Buffer Sizing for Minimum Energy-Delay Product by Using an Approximating Polynomial
Buffer Sizing for Minimum Energy-Delay Product by Using an Approximating Polynomial Chang Woo Kang to derive sizing rules for buffered chains, which optimize the overall energy-delay product. Categories result in a poor solution in terms of the energy-delay product. The focus of this work is on multi
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 8, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 985 Minimum Energy Coding in
, which minimizes the total energy consumption by controlling the radio power, is developed. Numerical Networks (WSNs). Energy consumption and reliability are analyzed for two coding schemes: Minimum Energy ME with respect to energy consumption and bit error rate. It is concluded that MME is more energy
Speech enhancement using a minimum mean-square error short-time spectral modulation magnitude estimator
Speech enhancement using a minimum mean-square error short-time spectral modulation magnitude In this paper we investigate the enhancement of speech by applying MMSE short-time spectral magnitude estimation on the quality of enhanced speech, and find that this method works better with speech uncertainty. Finally we
Comparison of VLF Wave Activity in the Solar Wind During Solar Maximum and Minimum
second fast latitude scan (near the solar maximum) with the wave observations during the first fast Experiments (URAP) of Ulysses during its first orbit, which occurred when the solar activity was approachingComparison of VLF Wave Activity in the Solar Wind During Solar Maximum and Minimum: Ulysses
Achieving MinimumCost Multicast: A Decentralized Approach Based on Network Coding
, a monetary or energy cost must be paid for each link usage) and the other that applies for strictly convextopoint links, and consider the problem of minimumenergy multicast in wireless networks as well as the case generally means finding the shortest tree connecting a set of points in a directed graph; in other words
Médard, Muriel
MinimumEnergy Mobile Wireless Networks Revisited Li Li Joseph Y. Halpern
at maximum power. Transmitting at maximum power requires a great deal of energy. To minimize energy usage, we for a graph to have this minimumenergy property. We use this characterization to construct a protocol called, SMECN has lower link main tenance costs than MECN and can achieve a significant saving in energy usage
Li, Li Erran
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 85, 026115 (2012) Optimizing controllability of complex networks by minimum structural perturbations
, Beijing 100875, China 2 School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University the practical usage of our approach, its implementation elucidates, interestingly, the intricate relationship dynamics, which is based on the classical control and graph theories [911]. The basic goal of the minimum
Lai, Ying-Cheng
String method in collective variables: Minimum free energy paths and isocommittor surfaces
York University, New York, New York 10012 Giovanni Ciccottid INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica in the free energy. Provided that the number of collective variables is large enough, the new techniqueString method in collective variables: Minimum free energy paths and isocommittor surfaces Luca
Van Den Eijnden, Eric
The Potato Radius: a Lower Minimum Size for Dwarf Planets Charles H. Lineweaver & Marc Norman
The Potato Radius: a Lower Minimum Size for Dwarf Planets Charles H. Lineweaver & Marc Norman a rounded potato shape to a sphere. We derive this potato-to-sphere transition radius -- or "potato radius" -- from first principles. Using the empirical potato radii of asteroids and icy moons, we derive
Lineweaver, Charles H.
eVADER: A Perceptual Approach to Finding Minimum Warning Sound Requirements for Quiet Cars.
, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, to pedestrians has become an important issue for public policy [1], car a localization paradigm to test the detectability of hybrid and internal combustion cars by measuring listenereVADER: A Perceptual Approach to Finding Minimum Warning Sound Requirements for Quiet Cars. Ryan
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
A minimum-reaction-flux solution to master-equation models of protein folding
A minimum-reaction-flux solution to master-equation models of protein folding Huan-Xiang Zhoua; published online 20 May 2008 Master equations are widely used for modeling protein folding. Here- ceptual and quantitative models for protein folding.115 In such models, the conformational space
Weston, Ken
Autopilot for a Nonlinear Non-Minimum Phase Tail-Controlled Missile
Autopilot for a Nonlinear Non-Minimum Phase Tail-Controlled Missile Anshu Narang controlled missiles: 1. Exploiting the full physical capabilities of the missile system Fulfilling demanding aerodynamics is expensive and inaccurate Only certain states can be measured #12;3 Acceleration Control
Valasek, John
A Laser Range Scanner Designed for Minimum Calibration Complexity James Davis, Xing Chen
A Laser Range Scanner Designed for Minimum Calibration Complexity James Davis, Xing Chen Computer are a popular method for acquiring three-dimensional geometry due to their accuracy and robustness. Maximizing a two camera range scanner design, specifically chosen to minimize calibration complexity and cost
Stanford University
Requirements for the MINOR in Environmental Science Five courses required. Total credits = minimum of 15
Requirements for the MINOR in Environmental Science Five courses required. Total credits = minimum to Environmental Science OR NRC 100 Environment and Society OR GEO-SCI 100 Global Environmental Change Select two (2) of following four courses ENVIRSCI 213 Introduction to Environmental Policy ENVIRSCI 214
The Blob Code is Competitive with EdgeSets in Genetic Algorithms for the Minimum
with those of, a GA that encodes spanning trees as edge-sets on Euclidean instances of the minimum rout- ing Spanning Tree Problem Bryant A. Julstrom Department of Computer Science St. Cloud State University St. Cloud, MN, 56301 USA email@example.com ABSTRACT Among the many codings of spanning trees
Julstrom, Bryant A.
The minimum circuity frontier and the journey to work David Levinson a,
The minimum circuity frontier and the journey to work David Levinson a, , Ahmed El-Geneidy b,1 economic theory, this suggests locators wish to locate on the frontier with the largest residential lot to be uniform, we cannot assume that all possible homework pairs are on the frontier. This finding, developed
Levinson, David M.
LOWER BOUNDS ON THE GLOBAL MINIMUM OF A POLYNOMIAL M. GHASEMI, J.B. LASSERRE, M. MARSHALL Abstract. We extend the method of Ghasemi and Marshall [SIAM. J. Opt. 22(2) (2012), pp 460-473], to obtain compare this bound with the (global) lower bound fgp ob- tained by Ghasemi and Marshall, and also
Marshall, Murray
Power Controlled Minimum Frame Length Scheduling in TDMA Wireless Networks with
Power Controlled Minimum Frame Length Scheduling in TDMA Wireless Networks with Sectored Antennas controlled min- imum frame length scheduling for TDMA wireless networks. Given a set of one-hop transmission scheduling and power control was first addressed by Tamer and Ephremides in [1, 2]. Given a set of one
Arabshahi, Payman
BME BIOMEDICAL IMAGING CONCENTRATION F12 MS: 30 total credit hours minimum
BME BIOMEDICAL IMAGING CONCENTRATION F12 MS: 30 total credit hours minimum Advisor: Luis Hernandez-Garcia, Ph.D. (email@example.com) Biomedical Imaging: BIOMEDE 5161 Medical Imaging Systems (3) (I)2 General: BIOMEDE 500 Biomedical Engineering Seminar (1) (I,II) BIOMEDE 550 Ethics and Enterprise (1) (I
Kamat, Vineet R.
BME BIOMEDICAL IMAGING CONCENTRATION F11 MS: 30 total credit hours minimum
BME BIOMEDICAL IMAGING CONCENTRATION F11 MS: 30 total credit hours minimum Advisor: Luis Hernandez-Garcia, Ph.D. (email@example.com) Biomedical Imaging: BIOMEDE 5161 Medical Imaging Systems (3) (I)2 General: BIOMEDE 500 Biomedical Engineering Seminar (1) (I,II) BIOMEDE 550 Ethics and Enterprise (1) (I
Eustice, Ryan
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Summary of Input to DOE Request for Information DE FOA, stationary, portable power, and early market applications. Comments on the existing DOE targets and justification for any proposed modifications. Topics to be included in the potential workshop / pre
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy DOE Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Overview Dr. Sunita Satyapal Program Manager U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program DOE/CESA/TTC Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Addressing Energy Challenges #12;4 Fuel Cells -- Where are we today? Fuel Cells for Transportation
per kW, 5,000-hr durability Technology Validation: Techno Barrie Hydrogen Cost Target*: $2 3 /gge. Benefits · Efficiencies can be 60% (electrical) and 4 Source: US DOE 10/2010 ( ) 85% (with CHP) · > 90 challenges facing the widespread commercialization of fuel cells Fuel Cell Cost & Durability logy rs* Fuel
Thermistor mount efficiency calibration
Thermistor mount efficiency calibration is accomplished by use of the power equation concept and by complex signal-ratio measurements. A comparison of thermistor mounts at microwave frequencies is made by mixing the reference and the reflected signals to produce a frequency at which the amplitude and phase difference may be readily measured.
Cable, J.W.
Energy Efficiency Revitalization
To set the tone for my remarks I will start by saying- today, energy efficiency is a tough sell. In General Motors, our plant engineering people, faced with headcount deductions, budget cuts, and capital spending constraints are up to their �you...
Kelly, R. L.
National Harbor #12;U.S. Energy Consumption U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector 2 #12 · Efficiencies can be 60% (electrical) and 85% (with CHP) · > 90% reduction in criteria pollutants U.S. Department of Energy #12;7 Market Transformation Government acquisitions could significantly reduce the cost
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Source: US DOE 10/2010 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Upcoming Workshops & Solicitations Source: US DOE 10/2010 2 #12; Double Renewable Energy Capacity by 2012 Update Dr. Sunita Satyapal Program Manager U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program Fuel
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Overview of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities Richard Farmer Hydrogen Business Council September 14, 2010 #12; Double Renewable Energy Capacity by 2012 Invest $150 Deputy Program Manager Fuel Cell Technologies Program United States Department of Energy Mountain States
With the rising cost of energy and increased concerns for pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from power generation, increased focus is being put on energy efficiency. This study looks at several approaches to reducing energy consumption in clothes care appliances by considering the appliances and laundry chemistry as a system, rather than individually.
Tim Richter
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2009 FUEL CELL MARKET REPORT NOVEMBER 2010 #12;Authors of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Program for their support and guidance in the preparation of this report-Jerram of Fuel Cell Today Consulting, Rachel Gelman of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Jennifer Gangi
1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH POWERS THE FUTUREPIER CONTRIBUTES TO JOB GROWTH AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT.Partofthecreditforthese achievementsgoestoCalifornia'suniquePublicInterest EnergyResearch(PIER)Program. Overthepast40years,Californiansincreasedthesizeof their homes and added scores of new energy-using de- vices,fromlargerefrigerators,dishwashers,audioequip- ment
, domestic resources. Stationary Power (including CHP & backup power) Auxiliary & Portable Power) Benefits · Efficiencies can be 60% (electrical) and 85% (with CHP) · > 90% reduction in criteria pollutants Commercial CHP $4.9M $3.4M Portable Power Backup Power $20.4M Residential and Small Commercial CHP $4.9M $3
Rules Establishing Minimum Standards Relating to Location, Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (Rhode Island)
The purpose of these rules is to protect public health and the environment by establishing minimum standards for the proper location, design, construction and maintenance of onsite wastewater...
Searching for the Optimal Mix of Solar and Efficiency in Zero Net Energy Buildings
Zero net energy (ZNE) buildings employ efficiency to reduce energy consumption and solar technologies to produce as much energy on site as is consumed on an annual basis. Such buildings leverage utility grids and net-metering agreements to reduce solar system costs and maintenance requirements relative to off-grid photovoltaic (PV)-powered buildings with batteries. The BEopt software was developed to efficiently identify cost-optimal building designs using detailed hour-by-hour energy simulation programs to evaluate the user-selected options. A search technique identifies optimal and near-optimal building designs (based on energy-related costs) at various levels of energy savings along the path from a reference building to a ZNE design. In this paper, we describe results based on use of the BEopt software to develop cost-optimal paths to ZNE for various climates. Comparing the different cases shows optimal building design characteristics, percent energy savings and cash flows at key points along the path, including the point at which investments shift from building improvements to purchasing PV, and PV array sizes required to achieve ZNE. From optimizations using the BEopt software for a 2,000-ft{sup 2} house in 4 climates, we conclude that, relative to a code-compliant (IECC 2006) reference house, the following are achievable: (1) minimum cost point: 22 to 38% source energy savings and 15 to 24% annual cash flow savings; (2) PV start point: 40 to 49% source energy savings at 10 to 12% annual cash flow savings; (3) break-even point: 43 to 53% source energy savings at 0% annual cash flow savings; and (4) ZNE point: 100% source energy savings with 4.5 to 8.1 kW{sub DC} PV arrays and 76 to 169% increase in cash flow.
Horowitz, S.; Christensen, C.; Anderson, R.
Energy Efficient Nanoelectronic System Design
://www.newairplane.com One 787 Battery: 12 Cells / 32 V DC 05/21/2013 6 #12;Why Energy Efficient Design ? Environmental energy-efficient designs. How to perform high-yield, energy efficient designs. How to perform effortless, high-yield, energy efficient designs. Gate Gate Gate Source D rain Graphene Layer 05/21/2013 14
The Potential Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetration Levels on Electricity Bill Savings From Residential Photovoltaic Systems
Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetration Levels onof Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Solar EnergyImpact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetration Levels on
Barbose, Galen
Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetration Levels onEfficiency and Renewable Energy (Solar Energy TechnologiesImpact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetration Levels on
Quadrennial Technology Review Vehicle Efficiency and Electrification...
Review Vehicle Efficiency and Electrification Workshop Documents Quadrennial Technology Review Vehicle Efficiency and Electrification Workshop Documents QTR Vehicle Efficiency and...
Energy Efficiency Market Sustainable Business Planning | Department...
Energy Efficiency Market Sustainable Business Planning Energy Efficiency Market Sustainable Business Planning Energy Efficiency Market Sustainable Business Planning, a presentation...
Water Efficiency Improvements at Various Environmental Protection...
Water Efficiency Improvements at Various Environmental Protection Agency Sites Water Efficiency Improvements at Various Environmental Protection Agency Sites Water Efficiency...
Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks
peak load, boiler efficiency (%), pumping efficiency (hp/to evaluate the efficiency of chiller and boiler systems
Mathew, Paul A.
Brief Announcement: Energy-Optimal Distributed Algorithms for Minimum Spanning Trees
associated with the messages exchanged among the nodes in a distributed algorithm, and design energy-efficient) problem, an important problem in distributed computing. We study energy-efficient distributed algorithms Algorithm, Energy-Efficient, Mini- mum Spanning Tree, Distributed Approximation Algorithm 1. MODEL
Water Efficiency Case Studies | Department of Energy
Efficiency Water Efficiency Case Studies Water Efficiency Case Studies These case studies feature examples of water-efficiency projects implemented by Federal agencies. They are...
Energy Information Administration - Energy Efficiency, energy...
Efficiency Energy Efficiency energy consumption savings households, buildings, industry & vehicles The Energy Efficiency Page reflects EIA's information on energy efficiency and...
Improving steam turbine efficiency
This paper describes the condition of a significant number of fossil steam turbines operating in the United States and the maintenance practices used to improve their performance. Through the use of steam path audits conducted by the authors` company and by several utilities, a large data base of information on turbine heat rate, casing efficiency, and maintenance practices is available to help the power generation industry understand how different maintenance practices and steam path damage impact turbine performance. The data base reveals that turbine cycle heat rate is typically 5.23% poorer than design just prior to major outages. The degraded condition of steam turbines presents an opportunity for utilities to improve heat rate and reduce emissions without increasing fuel costs. The paper describes what losses typically contribute to the 5.23% heat rate degradation and how utilities can recover steam turbine performance through maintenance actions aimed at improving steam path efficiency.
Cioffi, D.H.; Mitchell, D.R.; Whitecar, S.C. [Encotech, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States)
Efficient Quantum Ratchet
Quantum resonance is one of the main characteristics of the quantum kicked rotor, which has been used to induce accelerated ratchet current of the particles with a generalized asymmetry potential. Here we show that by desynchronizing the kicked potentials of the flashing ratchet [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 110603 (2005)], new quantum resonances are stimulated to conduct directed currents more efficiently. Most distinctly, the missed resonances $\\kappa=1.0\\pi$ and $\\kappa=3.0\\pi$ are created out to induce even larger currents. At the same time, with the help of semiclassical analysis, we prove that our result is exact rather than phenomenon induced by errors of the numerical simulation. Our discovery may be used to realize directed transport efficiently, and may also lead to a deeper understanding of symmetry breaking for the dynamical evolution.
Chuan-Feng Li; Rong-Chun Ge; Guang-Can Guo
Calculating Fired Heater Efficiency
bills. A review of the Heat Loss and Input/Output methods of efficiency analyses is presented, along with a discussion of their relative accuracy. Examples cited include refinery mixed fuel gas, coal, and chemical recovery fueled applications, using.... 75 percent excess 02 (dry basis) -- a respectable operation. Eva luate boi ler effieiency when burning mixed refinery gas (at an oil refinery), coa1 (at a central power station) and black liquor (at a paper mill). The practical definition of LHV...
Harriz, J. T.; Ritter, E. L.
High efficiency incandescent lighting
Incandescent lighting structure. The structure includes a thermal emitter that can, but does not have to, include a first photonic crystal on its surface to tailor thermal emission coupled to, in a high-view-factor geometry, a second photonic filter selected to reflect infrared radiation back to the emitter while passing visible light. This structure is highly efficient as compared to standard incandescent light bulbs.
Bermel, Peter; Ilic, Ognjen; Chan, Walker R.; Musabeyoglu, Ahmet; Cukierman, Aviv Ruben; Harradon, Michael Robert; Celanovic, Ivan; Soljacic, Marin
Industrial Energy Efficiency Assessments
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeatMulti-Dimensionalthe U.S.Indiana College Provides TrainingEnergy Efficiency
Device Sizing for Minimum Energy Operation in Subthreshold Circuits Benton H. Calhoun, Alice Wang, and Anantha Chandrakasan
for Minimum Energy Sizing influences the energy consumption of a circuit in two primary ways. First, sizing have low energy as the primary concern instead of performance. Minimum energy operation for low directly affects energy consumption by changing switched capacitance and leakage current. Sec- ondly
Calhoun, Benton H.
Design Considerations for an On-Demand Minimum Energy Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc Network
1 Design Considerations for an On-Demand Minimum Energy Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc- demand minimum energy routing protocol and suggests mechanisms for their implementation. We highlight of an 'energy aware' link cache for storing this information. We also compare the performance of an on-demand
Optimal design and allocation of electrified vehicles and dedicated charging infrastructure for minimum life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and cost
for minimum life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and cost Elizabeth Traut a,n , Chris Hendrickson b,1 , Erica and dedicated workplace charging infrastructure in the fleet for minimum life cycle cost or GHG emissions over vehicle and battery costs are the major drivers for PHEVs and BEVs to enter and dominate the cost
Michalek, Jeremy J.
Cleanrooms are among the most energy-intensive types of facilities. This is primarily due to the cleanliness requirements that result in high airflow rates and system static pressures, as well as process requirements that result in high cooling loads. Various studies have shown that there is a wide range of cleanroom energy efficiencies and that facility managers may not be aware of how energy efficient their cleanroom facility can be relative to other cleanroom facilities with the same cleanliness requirements. Metrics and benchmarks are an effective way to compare one facility to another and to track the performance of a given facility over time. This article presents the key metrics and benchmarks that facility managers can use to assess, track, and manage their cleanroom energy efficiency or to set energy efficiency targets for new construction. These include system-level metrics such as air change rates, air handling W/cfm, and filter pressure drops. Operational data are presented from over 20 different cleanrooms that were benchmarked with these metrics and that are part of the cleanroom benchmark dataset maintained by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Overall production efficiency metrics for cleanrooms in 28 semiconductor manufacturing facilities in the United States and recorded in the Fabs21 database are also presented.
International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative; Mathew, Paul A.; Tschudi, William; Sartor, Dale; Beasley, James
Global Minimum Determination of the Born-Oppenheimer Surface within Density Functional Theory
We present a novel method, which we refer to as the dual minima hopping method, that allows us to find the global minimum of the potential energy surface (PES) within density functional theory for systems where a fast but less accurate calculation of the PES is possible. This method can rapidly find the ground state configuration of clusters and other complex systems with present day computer power by performing a systematic search. We apply the new method to silicon clusters. Even though these systems have already been extensively studied by other methods, we find new global minimum candidates for Si{sub 16} and Si{sub 19}, as well as new low-lying isomers for Si{sub 16}, Si{sub 17}, and Si{sub 18}.
Goedecker, Stefan; Hellmann, Waldemar; Lenosky, Thomas [Institut fuer Physik, Universitaet Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel (Switzerland); Physics Department, Ohio State University, 1040 Physics Research Building, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1117 (United States)
On the minimum and maximum mass of neutron stars and the delayed collapse
The minimum and maximum mass of protoneutron stars and neutron stars are investigated. The hot dense matter is described by relativistic (including hyperons) and non-relativistic equations of state. We show that the minimum mass ($\\sim$ 0.88 - 1.28 $M_{\\sun}$) of a neutron star is determined by the earliest stage of its evolution and is nearly unaffected by the presence of hyperons. The maximum mass of a neutron star is limited by the protoneutron star or hot neutron star stage. Further we find that the delayed collapse of a neutron star into a black hole during deleptonization is not only possible for equations of state with softening components, as for instance, hyperons, meson condensates etc., but also for neutron stars with a pure nucleonic-leptonic equation of state.
Strobel, K; Strobel, Klaus; Weigel, Manfred K.
Klaus Strobel; Manfred K. Weigel
Communication: Minimum in the thermal conductivity of supercooled water: A computer simulation study
We report the results of a computer simulation study of the thermodynamic properties and the thermal conductivity of supercooled water as a function of pressure and temperature using the TIP4P-2005 water model. The thermodynamic properties can be represented by a two-structure equation of state consistent with the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point in the supercooled region. Our simulations confirm the presence of a minimum in the thermal conductivity, not only at atmospheric pressure, as previously found for the TIP5P water model, but also at elevated pressures. This anomalous behavior of the thermal conductivity of supercooled water appears to be related to the maximum of the isothermal compressibility or the minimum of the speed of sound. However, the magnitudes of the simulated thermal conductivities are sensitive to the water model adopted and appear to be significantly larger than the experimental thermal conductivities of real water at low temperatures.
Bresme, F., E-mail: email@example.com [Chemical Physics Section, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491 (Norway); Biddle, J. W.; Sengers, J. V.; Anisimov, M. A. [Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States)] [Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States)
Eco-efficiency Indicators: Measuring Resource-use Efficiency...
ultimate goal of EEI is to provide governments with a practical tool for measuring their performance in the context of eco-efficiency and harness the concept of eco-efficiency for...
High Efficiency Fans and High Efficiency Electrical Motors
Replacing nominal efficient electrical motors with premium efficiency can save on electrical power costs in cotton gins. Connected horsepower load on industrial air fans is approximately 60% of the total horsepower in a typical cotton gin...
Breedlove, C. W.
Meeting, June 7-11, 2010 -- Washington D.C. ace012aceves2010o.pdf More Documents & Publications Computationally Efficient Modeling of High-Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines...
A minimum hypothesis explanation for an IMF with a lognormal body and power law tail
We present a minimum hypothesis model for an IMF that resembles a lognormal distribution at low masses but has a distinct power-law tail. Even if the central limit theorem ensures a lognormal distribution of condensation masses at birth, a power-law tail in the distribution arises due to accretion from the ambient cloud, coupled with a non-uniform (exponential) distribution of accretion times.
Shantanu Basu; C. E. Jones
Feedback control design for smooth, near-minimum time rotational maneuvers of flexible spacecraft
' Rest ? to-Rest Maneuver LQR Control: 15' Rest ? to-Rest Maneuver Initial Displacement Angle vs. Maneuver Time Minimum Time and LQR Control Control Profiles and Frequency Spectra Smoothing Functions Smooth Feedback Control with Parabolic Switching... is approximated by the hyperbolic tangent (tanh) function. The parabolic switching line associated with the rigid body control is replaced by one which, also using the hyperbolic tangent function, exploits the symmetry of the rigid body state trajectory about...
Byers, Robert Michael
Making Efficiency a More Efficient Business | Department of Energy
workforce development and incentive initiatives for energy efficiency professionals. The Business Models Guide helps professionals expand their services, establish business...
The solar magnetic activity cycle causes changes in the Sun on timescales that are equivalent to human lifetimes. The minimum solar activity that preceded the current solar cycle (cycle 24) was deeper and quieter than any other recent minimum. Using data from the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), we show that the structure of the solar sub-surface layers during the descending phase of the preceding cycle (cycle 23) was very different from that during cycle 22. This leads us to believe that a detailed examination of the data would have led to the prediction that the cycle 24 minimum would be out of the ordinary. The behavior of the oscillation frequencies allows us to infer that changes in the Sun that affected the oscillation frequencies in cycle 23 were localized mainly to layers above about 0.996 R{sub Sun }, depths shallower than about 3000 km. In cycle 22, on the other hand, the changes must have also occurred in the deeper-lying layers.
Basu, Sarbani [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101 (United States); Broomhall, Anne-Marie; Chaplin, William J.; Elsworth, Yvonne, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT (United Kingdom)
Free Magnetic Energy in Solar Active Regions above the Minimum-Energy Relaxed State
To understand the physics of solar flares, including the local reorganisation of the magnetic field and the acceleration of energetic particles, we have first to estimate the free magnetic energy available for such phenomena, which can be converted into kinetic and thermal energy. The free magnetic energy is the excess energy of a magnetic configuration compared to the minimum-energy state, which is a linear force-free field if the magnetic helicity of the configuration is conserved. We investigate the values of the free magnetic energy estimated from either the excess energy in extrapolated fields or the magnetic virial theorem. For four different active regions, we have reconstructed the nonlinear force-free field and the linear force-free field corresponding to the minimum-energy state. The free magnetic energies are then computed. From the energy budget and the observed magnetic activity in the active region, we conclude that the free energy above the minimum-energy state gives a better estimate and more insights into the flare process than the free energy above the potential field state.
S. Regnier; E. R. Priest
Integrated Energy Efficiency
10 Off The Grid Sensor Integration Natural Daylight Base and Peak Energy Reduction 11 Lowest Cost Renewable Solar Integrated Lighting $1.0 million/MW $6 � 9 million/MW Wind $1.3 - 1.9 million/MW Biomass $1.5 � 2.5 million/MW Geothermal $1.6 million...Integrated Energy Efficiency Steve Heins VP Communications and Government Affairs Orion Energy Systems, Inc. 2 MegaTrend Convergence We need companies to commercialize technologies that use less energy without compromise to operations. Energy...
Heins, S.
Efficiency of stripping mechanisms
There are several physical processes to remove gas from galaxies in clusters, with subsequent starvation and star formation quenching: tidal interactions between galaxies, or tidal stripping from the cluster potential itself, interactions with the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) through ram pressure, turbulent or viscous stripping, or also outflows from star formation of nuclear activity, We review the observational evidence for all processes, and numerical simulations of galaxies in clusters which support the respective mechanisms. This allows to compare their relative efficiencies, all along cluster formation.
F. Combes
Iron efficiency in sorghum
) James Craig Esty, B, S. , Panhandle State College Co-Chairmen of Advisory Committee: Dr. Arthur B. Onken Dr. Lloyd R. Hossner R tt *ht ' d f * ' g * gh L~Sh bicolor (L. ) Moenchj parental lines and Fl hybrids indicate varying degrees of iron (Fe...) utilization. Visual ratings after seven days of Fe stress indicated only one hybrid, ATx 378 x RTx 2536, to be green or Fe efficient. Hybrids or parental lines rated partially chlorotic were: ATx 378 x RTx 415 and RTx 2536. Those sorghums rated chlorotic...
Esty, James Craig
Efficient Repeated Implementation
, outcome a�i ? A used in the construction of Si above satisfies (4). Then, for any ? ? ??(R?), t, ?(t) and ?t, we have: (i) g?(t)(?,R?) = g?; (ii) m?(t),? t i (?,R ?) = (�, 0) for all i; (iii) a?(t),? t (?,R?) ? f(?). Proof. First we establish two claims... , for each i, outcome a�i ? A used in the construction of Si above satisfies (4). Then, for any ? ? ??(R?), pi?(t)i (?,R ?) = vi(f) for any i, t > 1 and ?(t). Proof. Suppose not; then f is efficient in the range but there exist some ? ? ??(R?), t > 1 and ?...
Lee, J; Sabourian, Hamid
Data Center facilities, prevalent in many industries and institutions are essential to California's economy. Energy intensive data centers are crucial to California's industries, and many other institutions (such as universities) in the state, and they play an important role in the constantly evolving communications industry. To better understand the impact of the energy requirements and energy efficiency improvement potential in these facilities, the California Energy Commission's PIER Industrial Program initiated this project with two primary focus areas: First, to characterize current data center electricity use; and secondly, to develop a research ''roadmap'' defining and prioritizing possible future public interest research and deployment efforts that would improve energy efficiency. Although there are many opinions concerning the energy intensity of data centers and the aggregate effect on California's electrical power systems, there is very little publicly available information. Through this project, actual energy consumption at its end use was measured in a number of data centers. This benchmark data was documented in case study reports, along with site-specific energy efficiency recommendations. Additionally, other data center energy benchmarks were obtained through synergistic projects, prior PG&E studies, and industry contacts. In total, energy benchmarks for sixteen data centers were obtained. For this project, a broad definition of ''data center'' was adopted which included internet hosting, corporate, institutional, governmental, educational and other miscellaneous data centers. Typically these facilities require specialized infrastructure to provide high quality power and cooling for IT equipment. All of these data center types were considered in the development of an estimate of the total power consumption in California. Finally, a research ''roadmap'' was developed through extensive participation with data center professionals, examination of case study findings, and participation in data center industry meetings and workshops. Industry partners enthusiastically provided valuable insight into current practice, and helped to identify areas where additional public interest research could lead to significant efficiency improvement. This helped to define and prioritize the research agenda. The interaction involved industry representatives with expertise in all aspects of data center facilities, including specialized facility infrastructure systems and computing equipment. In addition to the input obtained through industry workshops, LBNL's participation in a three-day, comprehensive design ''charrette'' hosted by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) yielded a number of innovative ideas for future research.
Efficient Data Transfer Protocols
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series toESnet4: Networking for the FutureEdward Teller MedalsJunctionsEfficient
Energy Efficiency Calendar
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series toESnet4: Networking for37 East andCommissionEfficiency |
Pupillary efficient lighting system
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination.
Berman, Samuel M. (San Francisco, CA); Jewett, Don L. (Mill Valley, CA)
Modelling energy efficiency for computation
In the last decade, efficient use of energy has become a topic of global significance, touching almost every area of modern life, including computing. From mobile to desktop to server, energy efficiency concerns are now ubiquitous. However...
Reams, Charles
Engineering Fundamentals of Energy Efficiency
Using energy more efficiently is essential if carbon emissions are to be reduced. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), energy efficiency improvements represent the largest and least costly savings in carbon emissions, even when...
Cullen, Jonathan M
Energy-Efficiency Lease Program
Mississippi's Energy-Efficiency Lease Program allows public institutions and private, non-profit hospitals to lease-purchase energy-efficient services and equipment for up to 15 years from the...
Energy efficiency in office technology
This thesis, directed toward a wide variety of persons interested in energy efficiency issues with office technology, explores several issues relating to reducing energy use and improving energy efficiency of office ...
Dandridge, Cyane Bemiss
Water-Efficiency Program Prioritization
Presentation outlines water-efficiency program requirements and priorities as presented to Federal agencies by the Federal Energy Management Program.
Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guide�
ENERGY EFFICIENCY BEST PRACTICE GUIDE@ Scott Rouse Manager Energy Efficiency Department Ontario Power Generation Inc. Toronto, Ontario, Canada (416) 592-8044 email@example.com ABSTRACT 'Setting the bar above mere... mediocrity!' The goal of the Energy Efficiency (EE) Best Practice Guide is to help business units meet and exceed their energy efficiency targets through continuous improvement using seven key criteria. The objectives are threefold: - to provide an easy...
Rouse, S.
Determining benefits and costs of improved central air conditioner efficiencies
Economic impacts on individual consumers from possible revisions to U.S. residential-type central air conditioner energy-efficiency standards are examined using a life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis. LCC is the consumer's cost of purchasing and installing a central air conditioner and operating it over its lifetime. This approach makes it possible to evaluate the economic impacts on individual consumers from the revised standards. The methodology allows an examination of groups of the population which benefit or lose from suggested efficiency standards. The results show that the economic benefits to consumers due to modest increases in efficiency are significant. For an efficiency increase of 20percent over the existing minimum standard (i.e., 12 SEER), 35percent of households with central air conditioners experience significant LCC savings, with an average savings of $453, while 25percent show significant LCC losses, with an average loss of $158 compared to apre-standard LCC average of $5,170. The remainder of the population (40percent) are largely unaffected.
Rosenquist, G.; Levok, A.; Chan, P.; McMahon, J.
The Economics of Energy Efficiency
The Economics of Energy Efficiency Winter 2013 Why does Comcast give you set-top boxes that use the adoption of more energy- efficient technologies. This course will mostly not cover the "big picture landlord insulate the attic? What makes an investment in energy efficiency attractive? How does a company
2008 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS C A L I F O R N I A E N E RGY CO M M I S S I O N Buildings and Appliances Office #12;Acknowledgments The Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Standards the adoption of the 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards to Jon Leber, PE, (November 13, 1947 - February
emissions 20 Percent below 1990 levels by 2020by 2020 · Enhance Energy Security: Save More Oil than the U security, and environmental challenges concurrently. Energy Security Economic · Deploy the cheapest.S. DOE #12;President's National Objectives for DOE-- Energy to Secure America's Future · Quickly
A Branch and Price Approach to the k-Clustering Minimum Biclique ...
work by developing a Branch and Price algorithm that embeds a new metaheuristic based on ... The metaheuristic is also adapted to solve efficiently the pricing.
Refines Efficiency Improvement
Refinery processes that convert heavy oils to lighter distillate fuels require heating for distillation, hydrogen addition or carbon rejection (coking). Efficiency is limited by the formation of insoluble carbon-rich coke deposits. Heat exchangers and other refinery units must be shut down for mechanical coke removal, resulting in a significant loss of output and revenue. When a residuum is heated above the temperature at which pyrolysis occurs (340 C, 650 F), there is typically an induction period before coke formation begins (Magaril and Aksenova 1968, Wiehe 1993). To avoid fouling, refiners often stop heating a residuum before coke formation begins, using arbitrary criteria. In many cases, this heating is stopped sooner than need be, resulting in less than maximum product yield. Western Research Institute (WRI) has developed innovative Coking Index concepts (patent pending) which can be used for process control by refiners to heat residua to the threshold, but not beyond the point at which coke formation begins when petroleum residua materials are heated at pyrolysis temperatures (Schabron et al. 2001). The development of this universal predictor solves a long standing problem in petroleum refining. These Coking Indexes have great potential value in improving the efficiency of distillation processes. The Coking Indexes were found to apply to residua in a universal manner, and the theoretical basis for the indexes has been established (Schabron et al. 2001a, 2001b, 2001c). For the first time, a few simple measurements indicates how close undesired coke formation is on the coke formation induction time line. The Coking Indexes can lead to new process controls that can improve refinery distillation efficiency by several percentage points. Petroleum residua consist of an ordered continuum of solvated polar materials usually referred to as asphaltenes dispersed in a lower polarity solvent phase held together by intermediate polarity materials usually referred to as resins. The Coking Indexes focus on the amount of these intermediate polarity species since coke formation begins when these are depleted. Currently the Coking Indexes are determined by either titration or solubility measurements which must be performed in a laboratory. In the current work, various spectral, microscopic, and thermal techniques possibly leading to on-line analysis were explored for measuring the Coking Indexes.
Energy Efficiency of Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy Efficiency of Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks Xueying-- In this paper, we examine the energy efficiency of symmetric key cryptographic algorithms applied in wireless energy efficiency with a level of security suitable for wireless sensor networks. Keywords - wireless
Heys, Howard
Energy Efficiency and Energy Policy
Energy Efficiency and Energy Policy David E. Claridge, Director Energy Systems Laboratory November 19, 2014 ESL-KT-14-11-17 CATEE 2014: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 50 Years of Automobile Improvements ? 1960s...: Clean Air Through Efficiency Conference, Dallas, Texas Nov. 18-20 Impact of Auto/Truck Efficiency Increases ? Autos/light trucks used energy = Energy Imports in 2012 ? AUTO/TRUCK EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS have CUT U.S. ENERGY IMPORTS IN HALF ESL...
Claridge, D.
Energy efficient distillation apparatus
An energy efficient distillation method is provided which is particularly adapted for use on a dairy farm, and which comprises a distilland evaporating receptacle, a distillate condensing receptacle, and a conduit interconnecting the evaporating receptacle and the condensing receptacle. A vacuum pump is provided for drawing a partial vacuum within the evaporating receptacle, and a vapor compression refrigeration system is provided which includes condenser coils disposed to heat and vaporize the distilland while it is within the evaporating receptacle, and evaporator coils for cooling and condensing the vaporized distilland in the condensing receptacle. A cooling distribution system is also provided whereby a variable portion of the cooling potential of the refrigeration system may be selectively directed to each of the condensing receptacle, a distillate receiver tank, or to a bulk milk container as utilized on a dairy farm or the like.
Melton, J.D.
Liquid level detector
A liquid level detector for low pressure boilers. A boiler tank, from which apor, such as steam, normally exits via a main vent, is provided with a vertical side tube connected to the tank at the desired low liquid level. When the liquid level falls to the level of the side tube vapor escapes therethrough causing heating of a temperature sensitive device located in the side tube, which, for example, may activate a liquid supply means for adding liquid to the boiler tank. High liquid level in the boiler tank blocks entry of vapor into the side tube, allowing the temperature sensitive device to cool, for example, to ambient temperature.
Grasso, Albert P. (Vernon, CT)
A liquid level detector for low pressure boilers. A boiler tank, from which vapor, such as steam, normally exits via a main vent, is provided with a vertical side tube connected to the tank at the desired low liquid level. When the liquid level falls to the level of the side tube vapor escapes therethrough causing heating of a temperature sensitive device located in the side tube, which, for example, may activate a liquid supply means for adding liquid to the boiler tank. High liquid level in the boiler tank blocks entry of vapor into the side tube, allowing the temperature sensitive device to cool, for example, to ambient temperature.
Grasso, A.P.
Determination of Thermoelectric Module Efficiency A Survey
The development of thermoelectrics (TE) for energy conversion is in the transition phase from laboratory research to device development. There is an increasing demand to accurately determine the module efficiency, especially for the power generation mode. For many thermoelectrics, the figure of merit, ZT, of the material sometimes cannot be fully realized at the device level. Reliable efficiency testing of thermoelectric modules is important to assess the device ZT and provide the end-users with realistic values on how much power can be generated under specific conditions. We conducted a general survey of efficiency testing devices and their performance. The results indicated the lack of industry standards and test procedures. This study included a commercial test system and several laboratory systems. Most systems are based on the heat flow meter method and some are based on the Harman method. They are usually reproducible in evaluating thermoelectric modules. However, cross-checking among different systems often showed large errors that are likely caused by unaccounted heat loss and thermal resistance. Efficiency testing is an important area for the thermoelectric community to focus on. A follow-up international standardization effort is planned.
Wang, Hsin [ORNL; McCarty, Robin [Marlow Industries, Inc; Salvador, James R. [GM R& D and Planning, Warren, Michigan; Yamamoto, Atsushi [AIST, Japan; Konig, Jan [Fraunhofer-Institute, Freiburg, Germany
Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations Chunzai Wang
Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations to climate Chunzai Wang Received: 11 Abstract A maximum of easterly zonal wind at 925 hPa in the Caribbean region is called the Caribbean Low), and a minimum of tropical cyclo- genesis in July in the Caribbean Sea. It is found that both the meridional
Wang, Chunzai
Correlation in fermion or boson systems as the minimum of entropy relative to all free states
In the context of many-fermion systems, "correlation" refers to the inadequacy of an independent-particle model. Using "free" states as archetypes of our independent-particle model, we have proposed a measure of correlation that we called "nonfreeness" [Int. J. Quant. Inf. 5, 815 (2007)]. The nonfreeness of a many-fermion state was defined to be its entropy relative to the unique free state with the same 1-matrix. In this article, we prove that the nonfreeness of a state is the minimum of its entropy relative to all free states. We also extend the definition of nonfreeness to many-boson states and discuss a couple of examples.
Alex D. Gottlieb; Norbert J. Mauser
The secondary minimum in YY Her: Evidence for a tidally distorted giant
We present and analyze quiescent UBVRI light curves of the classical symbiotic binary YY Her. We show that the secondary minimum, which is clearly visible only in the quiescent VRI light curves, is due to ellipsoidal variability of the red giant component. Our simple light curve analysis, by fitting of the Fourier cosine series, resulted in a self-consistent phenomenological model of YY Her, in which the periodic changes can be described by a combination of the ellipsoidal changes and a sinusoidal changes of the nebular continuum and line emission.
J. Mikolajewska; E. A. Kolotilov; S. Yu. Shugarov; B. F. Yudin
Energy Efficiency and Pollution Prevention: Industrial Efficiency Strategies
. ~ Water and sewage expenses are reduced by $400,000 per year. ~ Alternative cutting fluids and recycling technology reduced disposal costs by 75% ($640,000 per year). ~ Reduction in consumables (e.g., cutting fluid) saves $1.5 million annually...ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION: INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Miriam Pye R. Neal Elliott, Ph.D., P.E. Research Associate Industry Program Director American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) Washington, D...
Pye, M.; Elliott, R. N.
This is the Final Report of the Next-Generation Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lighting Products program, Department of Energy (DOE). The overall goal of this three-year program was to develop novel phosphors to improve the color rendition and efficiency of compact and linear fluorescent lamps. The prime technical approach was the development of quantum-splitting phosphor (QSP) to further increase the efficiency of conventional linear fluorescent lamps and the development of new high color rendering phosphor blends for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as potential replacements for the energy-hungry and short-lived incandescent lamps in market segments that demand high color rendering light sources. We determined early in the project that the previously developed oxide QSP, SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}:Pr{sup 3+}, did not exhibit an quantum efficiency higher than unity under excitation by 185 nm radiation, and we therefore worked to determine the physical reasons for this observation. From our investigations we concluded that the achievement of quantum efficiency exceeding unity in SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}:Pr{sup 3+} was not possible due to interaction of the Pr{sup 3+} 5d level with the conduction band of the solid. The interaction which gives rise to an additional nonradiative decay path for the excitation energy is responsible for the low quantum efficiency of the phosphor. Our work has led to the development of a novel spectroscopic method for determining photoionzation threshold of luminescent centers in solids. This has resulted in further quantification of the requirements for host phosphor lattice materials to optimize quantum efficiency. Because of the low quantum efficiency of the QSP, we were unable to demonstrate a linear fluorescent lamp with overall performance exceeding that of existing mercury-based fluorescent lamps. Our work on the high color rendering CFLs has been very successful. We have demonstrated CFLs that satisfies the EnergyStar requirement with color rendering index (CRI) greater than 90; the CRI of current commercial CFLs are in the low 80s. In this report we summarize the technical work completed under the Program, summarize our findings about the performance limits of the various technologies we investigated, and outline promising paths for future work.
Alok Srivastava; Anant Setlur
Solid low-level waste forecasting guide
Guidance for forecasting solid low-level waste (LLW) on a site-wide basis is described in this document. Forecasting is defined as an approach for collecting information about future waste receipts. The forecasting approach discussed in this document is based solely on hanford`s experience within the last six years. Hanford`s forecasting technique is not a statistical forecast based upon past receipts. Due to waste generator mission changes, startup of new facilities, and waste generator uncertainties, statistical methods have proven to be inadequate for the site. It is recommended that an approach similar to Hanford`s annual forecasting strategy be implemented at each US Department of Energy (DOE) installation to ensure that forecast data are collected in a consistent manner across the DOE complex. Hanford`s forecasting strategy consists of a forecast cycle that can take 12 to 30 months to complete. The duration of the cycle depends on the number of LLW generators and staff experience; however, the duration has been reduced with each new cycle. Several uncertainties are associated with collecting data about future waste receipts. Volume, shipping schedule, and characterization data are often reported as estimates with some level of uncertainty. At Hanford, several methods have been implemented to capture the level of uncertainty. Collection of a maximum and minimum volume range has been implemented as well as questionnaires to assess the relative certainty in the requested data.
Templeton, K.J.; Dirks, L.L.
Energy Efficiency Fund (Gas)- Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Programs
Through the Connecticut Energy Efficiency Fund, rebates are available for commercial, industrial or municipal customers of Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation, Southern Connecticut Gas Company, or...
Peer Evaluation ace012aceves2011o.pdf More Documents & Publications Simulation of High Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines and Detailed Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms Development...
A Mandated Minimum Competency Testing Program and Its Impact on Learning Disabled Students: Curricular Validity and Comparative Performances
In this study, LD specialists, regular class teachers, and parents of LD students judged that the objectives of the Kansas Minimum Competency Specifications prescribed for nonhandicapped students were applicable to LD ...
Meyen, Edward L.; Alley, Gordon R.; Scannell, Dale P.; Harnden, G. Mack; Miller, Kelly F.
Determining Reserves in Low Permeability and Layered Reservoirs Using the Minimum Terminal Decline Rate Method: How Good are the Predictions?
Shale completions of the type which have been widely utilized since 2004. There is insufficient production history from real wells to determine an appropriate minimum terminal decline rate. In the absence of suitable analogs for the determination...
McMillan, Marcia Donna
Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Hydrazine Oxidoreductase (hzo) Gene in the Oxygen Minimum Zone Off Costa Rica
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) as an important nitrogen loss pathway has been reported in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), but the community composition and spatial distribution of anammox bacteria in the eastern ...
Kong, Liangliang
International Review of the Development and Implementation of Energy Efficiency Standards and Labeling Programs
Appliance energy efficiency standards and labeling (S&L) programs have been important policy tools for regulating the efficiency of energy-using products for over 40 years and continue to expand in terms of geographic and product coverage. The most common S&L programs include mandatory minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) that seek to push the market for efficient products, and energy information and endorsement labels that seek to pull the market. This study seeks to review and compare some of the earliest and most well-developed S&L programs in three countries and one region: the U.S. MEPS and ENERGY STAR, Australia MEPS and Energy Label, European Union MEPS and Ecodesign requirements and Energy Label and Japanese Top Runner programs. For each program, key elements of S&L programs are evaluated and comparative analyses across the programs undertaken to identify best practice examples of individual elements as well as cross-cutting factors for success and lessons learned in international S&L program development and implementation. The international review and comparative analysis identified several overarching themes and highlighted some common factors behind successful program elements. First, standard-setting and programmatic implementation can benefit significantly from a legal framework that stipulates a specific timeline or schedule for standard-setting and revision, product coverage and legal sanctions for non-compliance. Second, the different MEPS programs revealed similarities in targeting efficiency gains that are technically feasible and economically justified as the principle for choosing a standard level, in many cases at a level that no product on the current market could reach. Third, detailed survey data such as the U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) and rigorous analyses provide a strong foundation for standard-setting while incorporating the participation of different groups of stakeholders further strengthen the process. Fourth, sufficient program resources for program implementation and evaluation are critical to the effectiveness of standards and labeling programs and cost-sharing between national and local governments can help ensure adequate resources and uniform implementation. Lastly, check-testing and punitive measures are important forms of enforcement while the cancellation of registration or product sales-based fines have also proven effective in reducing non-compliance. The international comparative analysis also revealed the differing degree to which the level of government decentralization has influenced S&L programs and while no single country has best practices in all elements of standards and labeling development and implementation, national examples of best practices for specific elements do exist. For example, the U.S. has exemplified the use of rigorous analyses for standard-setting and robust data source with the RECS database while Japan?s Top Runner standard-setting principle has motivated manufacturers to exceed targets. In terms of standards implementation and enforcement, Australia has demonstrated success with enforcement given its long history of check-testing and enforcement initiatives while mandatory information-sharing between EU jurisdictions on compliance results is another important enforcement mechanism. These examples show that it is important to evaluate not only the drivers of different paths of standards and labeling development, but also the country-specific context for best practice examples in order to understand how and why certain elements of specific S&L programs have been effective.
Zhou, Nan; Zheng, Nina; Fridley, David
Tiltmeter leveling mechanism
A tiltmeter device having a pair of orthogonally disposed tilt sensors that are levelable within an inner housing containing the sensors. An outer housing can be rotated to level at least one of the sensor pair while the inner housing can be rotated to level the other sensor of the pair. The sensors are typically rotated up to about plus or minus 100 degrees. The device is effective for measuring tilts in a wide range of angles of inclination of wells and can be employed to level a platform containing a third sensor.
Hunter, Steven L. (Livermore, CA); Boro, Carl O. (Milpitas, CA); Farris, Alvis (late of Byron, CA)
Opportunities and prospects for demand-side efficiency improvements
Substantial progress has been made over the last 20 years in improving energy efficiency in all sectors of the US economy. Although there remains a large potential for further efficiency gains, progress in improving energy efficiency has slowed recently. A combination of low energy prices, environmental challenges, and life-style changes have caused energy consumption to resume rising. Both new policies and technologies will be necessary to achieve cost-effective levels of energy efficiency. This paper describes some of the promising new demand-side technologies that are currently being implemented, nearing commercialization, or in advanced stages of development. The topics discussed include finding replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), new building equipment and envelope technologies, lessons learned about conservation program implementation, and the role of utilities in promoting the efficient use of energy.
Kuliasha, M.A.
Productivity benefits of industrial energy efficiency measures
the linkage between energy efficiency and productivity.and increased energy efficiency in integrated paper andand Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 1997.
Worrell, Ernst
California Long-term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan. B-2 Coordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response> B-4 Coordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
Goldman, Charles
in peak demand. This definition of energy efficiency makesthe following definitions are used: Energy efficiency refersThis definition implicitly distinguishes energy efficiency
Alternative Financing for Energy Efficiency
Alternative Financing for Energy Efficiency � Eddy Trevino � Matt Golden � � Investor Confidence Project � Josh Briggs � QECBs � Michael Flores � High Performance New Construction � Denise Malloy � Performance Contracting for Public Sector... Improvement Projects ESL-KT-13-12-37 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency Conference, San Antonio, Texas Dec. 16-18 Texas LoanSTAR Program 12/18/13 Maximizing Energy Efficiency while Protecting the Environment ESL-KT-13-12-37 CATEE 2013: Clean Air...
Trevino, E.
Energy Efficient State Building Initiative
In June 2008, Governor Mitch Daniels issued an executive order establishing an energy efficient state buildings initiative. The order requires the Indiana Department of Administration (DOA) to...
Electrofuels: More Efficient Than Photosynthesis
The Advanced Research Projects Agency -- Energy (ARPA-E) has funded successful programs with OPXBIO, NC State and others to create hyper efficient processes for manufacturing biofuels and...
Citizens Gas- Residential Efficiency Rebates
Citizens Gas of Indiana offers rebates to its residential customers for the installation of several types of efficient natural gas appliances. Rebates are generally available for residential homes...
Energy Efficiency and Industrial Technology
Next Generation Nuclear Plant Docs CONTACT US Center for Advanced Energy Studies Energy Efficiency and Industrial Technology The Department conducts research for DOE, other...
Energy Efficiency Program for Schools
In an effort to encourage the design and construction of more energy efficient, sustainable schools, Executive Order EO 2006-1297 was signed on October 12, 2006.
National Grid Energy Efficiency Programs
Presentation covers the National Grid Energy Efficiency programs and is given at the Spring 2010 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting in Providence, Rhode Island.
Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
Hawaii Energy is a ratepayer-funded conservation and efficiency program administered by Leidos Engineering, LLC under contract with the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission serving the islands of...
Improve Your Boiler's Combustion Efficiency
This revised ITP tip sheet on boiler combustion efficiency provides how-to advice for improving industrial steam systems using low-cost, proven practices and technologies.
Not Available
Enabling High Efficiency Clean Combustion
penalty associated with aftertreatment 3% improvement in open cycle efficiency (turbo, EGR system, etc.) 8 This presentation does not contain any proprietary or...
Public Sector Electric Efficiency Programs
The Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) Bureau of Energy and Recycling administers the public sector energy efficiency programs required by the Illinois Energy...
Energy Efficiency Standards for Appliances
Unitil- Residential Energy Efficiency Programs
Unitil offers New Hampshire residential customers a number of programs to encourage more energy efficient homes. The Energy Star Appliance Program provides rebates for clothes washers, air...
NYSEG (Gas)- Residential Efficiency Program
NYSEG is offering residential natural gas customers rebates for installing energy efficient equipment. Customers can complete one rebate application for multiple pieces of equipment as long as...
Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards
National Grid Energy Efficiency Plans
Presentation covers the National Grid Energy Efficiency plans and is given at the Spring 2010 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting in Providence, Rhode Island.
Gasoline Ultra Fuel Efficient Vehicle
Principal Investigator 13MY11 2011 DOE Vehicle Technologies Review Gasoline Ultra Fuel Efficient Vehicle ACE064 "This presentation does not contain any proprietary,...
Energy Efficiency Tax Credits (Personal)
In April 2008, Kentucky enacted legislation allowing a 30% state income tax credit for taxpayers who install certain energy efficiency measures on their principal residence or residential rental...
Maximizing Operational Efficiencies in Waste Management on the Hanford Plateau Remediation Contract in a Down-turned Market - 13484
Recent changes in DOE priorities and funding have pressed DOE and its contractors to look for innovative methods to sustain critical operations at sites across the Complex. At the Hanford Site, DOE Richland Operations and its prime contractor, CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC), have completed in-depth assessments of the Plateau Remediation Contract (PRC) operations that compared available funding to mission and operational objectives in an effort to maintain requisite safety and compliance margins while realizing cost savings that meet funding profiles. These assessments included confirmation of current baseline activities, identification of potential efficiencies, barriers to implementation, and potential increased risks associated with implementation. Six operating PRC waste management facilities were evaluated against three possible end-states: complete facility closure, maintaining base operations, and performing minimum safe surveillance and maintenance activities. The costs to completely close evaluated facilities were determined to be prohibitively high and this end-state was quickly dropped from consideration. A summary of the analysis of remaining options by facility, efficiencies identified, impact to risk profiles, and expected cost savings is provided in Table I. The expected cost savings are a result of: - right-sizing and cross-training work crews to address maintenance activities across facilities; - combining and sequencing 'like-moded' operational processes; - cross-cutting emergency planning and preparedness staffing; - resource redistribution and optimization; - reducing areas requiring routine surveillance and inspection. For the efficiencies identified, there are corresponding increases in risk, including a loss of breadth and depth of available resources; lengthened response time to emergent issues; inability to invest in opportunities for improvement (OFIs); potential single-point failures or non-compliancies due to resource scarcity; limited cross-training capability; and reduced capability to respond to changes in DOE priorities. Finally, there are many challenges to achieving these cost savings. With a workforce nearing retirement effective succession planning becomes critical to success and requires establishing a balance between the cost of hiring and training and cost-saving activities. With six active waste management facilities spread across nearly 15 square miles, scheduling and deploying cross-trained surveillance and maintenance teams is a logistical challenge, particularly as the loss of funding has not diminished emphasis by regulatory agencies placed on the safe and compliant performance of DOE and its contractors. As reflected in Table I, efficiencies are currently being implemented on the Hanford Plateau Remediation Contract (PRC) that deliver cost savings that align with the current site budget while maintaining critical capabilities. It is currently estimated that these efficiencies will result in a cost savings of approximately $9 million for FY13 in base and minimum safe operations on the PRC - a cost reduction of more than 13 percent over FY12 and nearly 30 percent over FY09 levels. (authors)
Simiele, Connie J.; Blackford, L. Ty [CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Contract - CHPRC (United States)] [CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Contract - CHPRC (United States); West, Lori D. [East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation - M and EC (United States)] [East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation - M and EC (United States)
Application of spectral summing to suspect low level debris drums at Los Alamos National Laboratory
The spectral summing technique developed by Pajarito Scientific Corporation (PSC) is a unique modeling technique that is being employed by the Waste Disposition Project - Low Level Waste Disposal (WDP-LLWD) Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This technique is being used to disposition low-level radioactive waste that has dropped out of the transuranic (TRU) category and has no place to go unless it can be proven to be LLW and not TRU. The TRU program at LANL run by Mobile Characterization Services (MCS) employs two High Efficiency Neutron Counters (HENC) with built-in gamma assay systems to assay radioactive waste for shipment and disposal as TRU waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at Carlsbad, New Mexico. As well as being certified for WIPP assays, the HENC systems can also be used for low-level waste assays for disposal at LANL or off-site disposal facilities, such as the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Some of the waste processed through the HENC systems cannot be confirmed TRU due to the absence of detected TRU alpha emitters above the TRU cutoff of 100 nCi/g. This waste becomes suspect low-level waste (SLLW). In many cases, the waste also can't be classified as LLW because the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of TRU radionuclides is above the 100 nCi/g level. These wastes that do not have enough detectable TRU activity to be classified as TRU waste and have too high a MDA to be classified as LLW enter a radioactive waste characterization limbo that prevents their dispositioning as either TRU waste or LLW. Spectral summing allows an experienced gamma spectroscopy analyst to add the HENC gamma spectra of a number of similar waste items together to form a consolidated (summed) spectrum. This summed spectrum contains the assay results of the group of items rather than the individual item, and gamma peaks that were not discernable in the individual spectra become quantifiable in the summed spectrum. The group of waste items can then be properly classified as LLW based on the summed spectrum and valid assay values can be assigned for disposal. This technique is being successfully used to dispose of LLW debris drums from LANL.
Gruetzmacher, Kathleen M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Veilleux, John M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lucero, Randy P [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION; Seamans, Jr, James V [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION; Clapham, Martin J [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
Application of spectral summing to indeterminate suspect low-level drums at Los Alamos National Laboratory
The spectral summing technique developed by Pajarito Scientific Corporation (PSC) is a unique modeling technique that is being employed by the Waste Disposition Project - Low Level Waste Disposition (WDP-LLWD) Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This technique has been used to disposition low-level radioactive waste that has dropped out of the transuranic (TRU) category and has no disposal path unless it can be proven to be LLW and not TRU. The TRU program at LANL run by Mobile Characterization Services (MCS) employs High Efficiency Neutron Counters (HENC) with built-in gamma assay systems to assay radioactive waste for shipment and disposal as TRU waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at Carlsbad, New Mexico. As well as being certified for WIPP assays, the HENC systems can also be used for low-level waste assays for disposal at LANL or off-site disposal facilities, such as the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Some of the waste processed through the HENC systems cannot be confirmed TRU due to the absence of detected TRU alpha emitters above the TRU cutoff of 100 nCi/g. This waste becomes suspect low-level waste (SLLW). In many cases, the waste also can't be classified as LLW because the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of TRU radionuclides is above the 100 nCi/g level. These wastes that do not have enough detectable TRU activity to be classified as TRU waste and have TRU MDAs > 100nCi/g enter a radioactive waste characterization indeterminate state that prevents their dispositioning as either TRU waste or LLW. Spectral summing allows an experienced gamma spectroscopy analyst to add the HENC gamma spectra of a number of similar waste items together to form a consolidated (summed) spectrum. This summed spectrum contains the assay results of the group of items rather than the individual item, and gamma peaks that were not discemable in the individual spectra become quantifiable in the summed spectrum and the MDA for the group sum is reduced. The group of waste items can then be properly classified as LLW waste on the summed spectrum and valid assay values can be assigned for disposal. This technique has been successfully applied to a set of 52 debris drums - with individual MDA > 100nCi/g - with a resulting group total TRU alpha activity concentration below 40nCi/g. Further application of the technique at LANL to other debris drums and sludge drums that were measured on a WIPP certified HENe is planned and good candidate drum sets are being evaluated.
Gruetzmacher, Kathleen M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Veilleux, John M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lucero, Randy P [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION; Seamans, Jr, J. V. [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPATION; Clapham, M. J. [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
An analytical technique developed by Pajarito Scientific Corporation (PSC), utilizing spectral summing of spectra from groups of drums of similar waste type, is being employed by the Waste Disposition Project - Low Level Waste Disposal (WDP-LLWD) Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This technique has been used to disposition low-level radioactive waste that has dropped out of the transuranic (TRU) category and has no place to go unless it can be proven to be LLW and not TRU. The TRU program at LANL run by Mobile Characterization Services (MCS) employs two High Efficiency Neutron Counters (HENC) with built-in gamma assay systems to assay radioactive waste for shipment and disposal as TRU waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at Carlsbad, New Mexico. As well as being certified for WIPP assays, the HENC systems can also be used for low-level waste assays for disposal at LANL or off-site disposal facilities, such as the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Some of the waste processed through the HENC systems cannot be confinned TRU due to the absence of detected TRU alpha emitters above the TRU cutoff of 100 nCi/g. This waste becomes suspect low-level waste (SLLW). In many cases, the waste also can't be classified as LLW because the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of TRU radio nuclides is above the 100 nCi/g level. These wastes that do not have enough detectable TRU activity to be classified as TRU waste and have too high a MDA to be classified as LLW enter a radioactive waste characterization indetenninate status that prevents their dispositioning as either TRU waste or LLW. Spectral summing allows an experienced ganuna spectroscopy analyst to add the HENC gamma spectra of a number of similar waste items together to form a consolidated (summed) spectrum. This summed spectrum contains the assay results of the group of items rather than the individual item, and gamma peaks that were not discernable in the individual spectra can become quantifiable in the summed spectrum and the MDA for group sum is reduced. The group of waste items can then be properly classified as LLW based on the summed spectrum and valid assay values can be assigned for disposal. This technique has been successfully applied to a set of 52 debris drums - with individual MDA > 100 nCi/g - with a resulting group total TRU alpha activity concentration below 40nCi/g. Further application of the technique at LANL to other waste drums that are measured on a WIPP certified HENC system is planned and good candidate drum sets are being evaluated as indeterminate situations develop.
Gruetzmacher, Kathleen M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Veilleux, John M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lucero, Randy P [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORAPTION; Seamans, Jr., James V [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION; Clapham, Martin J [PAJARITO SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
Conservation Energy Efficiency in theEnergy Efficiency in the
Northwest Power and Conservation Council Energy Efficiency in theEnergy Efficiency in the Northwest �� Are We In for AnotherAre We In for Another ""Mister ToadMister Toad''s Wild Ride?s Wild Ride?"" #12;slide
Estimate of Cost-Effective Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies Energy Savings, Environmental and Financial Impacts
inclusion of the social cost of carbon impact the evaluationinclusion of the social cost of carbon impact the evaluation
Initiative, IEA Electric Motor Systems Workshop, Paris. BV,Electric Motors ..X X X X X X X X X X X Electric Motors AC = air conditioning;
Fans Lighting Refrigerators and Freezers Space Heating Our2011b. Refrigerator, Refrigerator-Freezer and Freezers Final2011c. Refrigerator, Refrigerator-Freezer and Freezers Final
lighting, we assume that incandescent bulbs have a one-yeargigaton Indonesia India incandescent Lamp Japan Koreaprice data for 60-watt incandescent bulbs, excluding non-
systems for which heat pump water heaters are found to beachieved by 2030. Heat-pump water heaters, which represent aU.S. and the EU. Heat-pump water heaters have a high cost
Minimum Energy Transmission Over a Wireless Channel With Deadline and Power Constraints
We consider optimal rate-control for energy-efficient transmission of data, over a time-varying channel, with packet-deadline constraints. Specifically, the problem scenario consists of a wireless transmitter with B units ...
Zafer, Murtaza
On the Approximation Ratio of the MST-based Heuristic for the Energy-Efficient Broadcast Problem in Static Ad-Hoc Radio Networks
are located (see [28, 32]). Energy conservation is a critical issue in an ad-hoc wire- less networkOn the Approximation Ratio of the MST-based Heuristic for the Energy-Efficient Broadcast email@example.com Abstract We present a technique to evaluate the approximation ra- tio on random instances of the Minimum
Bermond, Jean-Claude
A High Efficiency PSOFC/ATS-Gas Turbine Power System
A study is described in which the conceptual design of a hybrid power system integrating a pressurized Siemens Westinghouse solid oxide fuel cell generator and the Mercury{trademark} 50 gas turbine was developed. The Mercury{trademark} 50 was designed by Solar Turbines as part of the US. Department of Energy Advanced Turbine Systems program. The focus of the study was to develop the hybrid power system concept that principally would exhibit an attractively-low cost of electricity (COE). The inherently-high efficiency of the hybrid cycle contributes directly to achieving this objective, and by employing the efficient, power-intensive Mercury{trademark} 50, with its relatively-low installed cost, the higher-cost SOFC generator can be optimally sized such that the minimum-COE objective is achieved. The system cycle is described, major system components are specified, the system installed cost and COE are estimated, and the physical arrangement of the major system components is discussed. Estimates of system power output, efficiency, and emissions at the system design point are also presented. In addition, two bottoming cycle options are described, and estimates of their effects on overall-system performance, cost, and COE are provided.
W.L. Lundberg; G.A. Israelson; M.D. Moeckel; S.E. Veyo; R.A. Holmes; P.R. Zafred; J.E. King; R.E. Kothmann
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