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We conducted a case-control study in the greater Toronto area to evaluate potential lung cancer risk factors including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, family history of cancer, indoor air pollution, workplace exposures and history of previous respiratory diseases with special consideration given to never smokers.
445 cases (35% of which were never smokers oversampled by design) between the ages of 20-84 were identified through four major tertiary care hospitals in metropolitan Toronto between 1997 and 2002 and were frequency matched on sex and ethnicity with 425 population controls and 523 hospital controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between exposures and lung cancer risk.
Any previous exposure to occupational exposures (OR total population 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.1, OR never smokers 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), a previous diagnosis of emphysema in the total population (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.0-11.1) or a first degree family member with a previous cancer diagnosis before age 50 among never smokers (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2) were associated with increased lung cancer risk.
Occupational exposures and family history of cancer with young onset were important risk factors among never smokers.
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in Canada with approximately 23,400 new cases (14.3 percent of all new cancers among males, 13.1 percent among females) and 20,500 deaths annually [1]. Although active tobacco smoking has been well established as the major cause of lung cancer [2-5], the etiology among never smokers beyond ETS exposure [6] remains to be elucidated and is of great public health importance [7,8]. The influences of indoor air pollution, workplace exposures and previous history of respiratory disease on lung cancer development among never smokers require additional investigation.
To further understand the etiology of lung cancer, with special consideration given to never smokers, we conducted a case-control study in the greater Toronto area with oversampling among never smokers. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential lung cancer risk factors including ETS exposure, family history of cancer, indoor air pollution, workplace exposures and history of previous respiratory diseases.
Study population and data collection
The case series consisted of incident cases of cancer of the trachea, bronchus or lung diagnosed among men and women between the ages of 20 and 84. Cases were identified between 1997 and 2002 through four major tertiary care hospitals in metropolitan Toronto that have the largest lung cancer services for surgical and medical oncology, including the two centres that see all patients who require radiotherapy. Diagnoses were histologically confirmed by a pulmonary pathologist following classification according to the ICD for oncology-3 [9]. As one of the main objectives of the study was to study lung cancer etiology other than from tobacco exposure, among never smokers, we therefore over sampled never smoking lung cancer patients, leading to 35% of the total cases being never smokers. A total of 445 eligible cases and 948 controls were recruited into the study for whom consent was obtained. Controls were residents of metropolitan Toronto who did not have cancer at the time of recruitment. Population-based controls were randomly sampled from property tax assessment files (n = 425). Hospital-based controls were sampled from patients seen in the Mount Sinai Hospital Family Medicine Clinic (n = 523), which is a non-specialty, family medicine practice situated within the hospital where recruitment into the study was conducted independent of reason for visit to the clinic. Controls were frequency matched with cases on sex and ethnicity. Participation rates were similar between cases (62%, 445 of 716 total eligible, 116 refused participation, whereas the remaining patients died before study entry and/or complete data collection was possible) and population controls, (60%, 425 of total 718 eligible) and slightly higher among hospital controls (84%, 523 of 621 total eligible). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and approvals were obtained from the Research Ethics Board.
Exposure Information
Participants' lifetime information concerning tobacco consumption, exposure to ETS exposure, air pollution from heating, workplace exposures to potential lung carcinogens, family history of cancer and health history were collected through a detailed questionnaire administered via interview either in person or over the telephone. 'Never smokers' were defined as those who had not smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. 'Former smokers' were smokers who had stopped smoking for at least two years at the date of the interview. Cumulative tobacco exposure was estimated in pack-years, where a pack is 20 cigarette equivalents.
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was categorized as having been exposed to second hand smoke either during childhood, as an adult or at work, with duration in years categorized to examine dose-response relationships. Indoor air pollution from heating was collected for oil, gas, coal & wood sources, with the duration of each exposure recorded. A measure of solid fuels for heating (coal and wood) was also created to examine the potential for differential effects of heating sources with particulate matter emission. Workplace exposures to potential lung carcinogens including asbestos, paints and/or solvents, welding equipment, pesticides, grain elevator dust, wood dust and smoke, soot or exhaust (not from tobacco) were dichotomized as exposed or unexposed. Family history was classified as the number of first degree relatives with any cancer, lung cancer, or aerodigestive tract cancers with distinction by relative types.
Statistical Analysis
Differences in demographics between cases and controls as well as between control types were evaluated using χ2 tests and t-tests. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between exposures and lung cancer risk, adjusted for cumulative tobacco exposures (pack-years), age (years), gender, education and ethnicity. Given that cases were sampled based on smoking status, all analyses were adjusted for smoking and the focus of this investigation is on factors other than tobacco. Indicator variables were created for all categorical variables in analyses. We stratified analyses by years of exposure and age of onset when applicable in an attempt to determine the temporality of potential exposure-disease associations. Analyses were conducted using SAS Version 9.1 (SAS V9.1; SAS Institute Inc, Cary NC, USA).
We also applied the Spitz (2007) [10] and Liverpool Lung Project (2008) [11] lung cancer risk models to evaluate the predictive ability of their models within our population. We stratified our population by smoking status to examine the area under the curve and Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics [12] within the subgroups. Previous history of hay fever and dust exposure were not available in our study and were thus not included as part of the Spitz model.
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of demographic variables and smoking for cases and controls. Controls were younger and more educated. There was a higher percentage of never smokers among controls than cases. Among cases, adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype with a higher proportion of adenocarcinomas among never smoking cases. Never smoking cases also consisted of a higher proportion of females and Asians and were on average younger at diagnosis (p < .0001). When examining demographic differences between population and hospital based controls, controls varied across gender, education, age groups and smoking groups. However, when examining age and pack-years smoking as included in regression models, we observed no significant differences across control types.
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of lung cancer patients and controls in a population based case-control study, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997- 2002
Cases and controls did not vary significantly in the total hours exposed to ETS during childhood or adulthood at home (data not shown). Among never smokers in our population, we observed no association between either exposure to ETS at home or at the workplace and lung cancer risk (Table 2). In general, the effect estimates for ETS exposure were similar between the total population and only among never smokers. In terms of indoor air pollution, we did not observe a significant association between heating source (coal and/or wood) and lung cancer risk among never smokers (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.1-2.8).
Table 2. The association between ETS and risk of lung cancer among never smokers in a population based case-control study, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997-2002
The association between occupational exposures to asbestos, solvents, paints or thinners, welding equipment, pesticides, grain elevator dust, wood dust and smoke, soot or exhaust (from sources other than tobacco) and lung cancer risk is shown in Table 3. Occupational exposure to any of the putative lung carcinogens was associated with lung cancer risk in the total population (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.1). Among never smokers, the odds ratio for exposure to any of the putative carcinogens was 2.1 (95% CI 1.3- 3.3). Specifically among never smokers, exposure to solvents, paints or thinners conferred an OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.6-5.0), while exposure to welding equipment conferred an OR of 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.4) and exposure to smoke, soot or exhaust (other than tobacco) conferred an OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.4-5.3). We did not observe significant associations for exposures to asbestos, pesticides, grain elevator dust, and wood dust among never smokers in our study.
Table 3. The association between workplace exposures and risk of lung cancer in a population based case-control study, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997-2002
With regard to previous medical history of respiratory conditions, we observed a significant increase in lung cancer risk associated with a previous diagnosis of emphysema among the total population (OR 4.8, 95 % CI 2.0-11.1) (Table 4). When stratified by age at onset, those with age of onset of emphysema greater than 50 years old had a significant increase in lung cancer risk (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.0-10.9), whereas among those less than 50 years of age, the risk was not significant (OR 4.0, 95% CI 0.6-27.5) (Data not shown). None of the other previous conditions we investigated (asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia or tuberculosis) were associated with increased risk. In a model including all previous lung disease, the effects of emphysema maintained significance.
Table 4. The association between previous medical history and risk of lung cancer in a population based case-control study, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997-2002
We did not observe a significant association between family history of cancer and lung cancer risk, except among those with affected relatives with young onset (< 50 years of age) cases (Table 5). Among never smokers having a relative with young onset cancer was associated with a significant increase in risk (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2, (p = 0.04)). An increasing number of first degree relatives with a previous history of any cancer suggested an increase in risk for having 2 or more family members. Trend statistics for increasing number of first degree relatives with cancer were, however, not significant (p-trend = 0.2). No association was detected when data were analyzed by the type of affected relatives (data not shown).
Table 5. The association between family history of previous cancer and risk of lung cancer in a population based case-control study, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997-2002
Applying the Spitz risk model indicated that there was only modest predictive ability among never smokers in our population (Area under the Curve (AUC) 0.525). Among smokers (current and former), however, the Spitz model was shown to have better predictive power, (AUC former smokers = 0.716, current smokers = 0.780), despite our study not possessing data for hay fever or dust exposure. The Liverpool Lung Project risk model provided similar outcomes in prediction, identifying cases in the total population well (AUC 0.788) with lower statistics when applied to only never smokers in the population (AUC 0.721).
In this study we investigated the impact of several factors on lung cancer risk overall as well as specifically among never smokers. The most important risk factors we observed among never smokers were exposure to potential occupational carcinogens, family history of cancer with young onset and previous history of respiratory diseases among the total population.
In our examination of the effects of several occupational exposures among never smokers in the greater Toronto area we found several significant potential sources of increased risk including exposure to solvents, paints or thinners, welding equipment and smoke, soot or exhaust (from sources other than tobacco). This information is important as data concerning occupational exposures and lung cancer among never smokers are still lacking in the literature [13].
Our results support the concept that exposure to exhaust fumes and or soot/smoke (from non-tobacco sources) is a source of carcinogenic exposure. A previous meta-analysis suggested that when adjusted for smoking, heavy diesel exhaust exposure was associated with an increased risk (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6) [14], and a recent study examining the effects in a similar Canadian population, was also suggestive of increased risk (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.8) [15]. With regards to soot and exhaust exposure, these substances contain benzo[a]pyrene, a known carcinogen, and has been consistently shown to increase risk [16,17]. We observed an increased risk associated with exposure to paints, thinners and solvents, which was in agreement with previous studies [18-22]. When ingested, these substances can affect the pleural membranes, causing scarring and or mutations, thus increasing the potential for carcinogenesis [23]. Similarly, exposure to welding equipment was associated with increased risk as observed in a meta-analysis of welding and lung cancer [24]. Wood dust is a known carcinogen associated with the development of cancers of the respiratory tract [25-27]. In this study the estimate for wood dust exposure was suggestive of increased risk among never smokers. While these observations require replication, they are consistent with the overall patterns seen for wood dust, with the potential implication that workplace exposures should be controlled and monitored. Asbestos exposure has been previously shown to have an effect on lung cancer risk [28,29]; however, no association between lung cancer and asbestos was seen here among never smokers, contrary to previously published results [30]. The discrepancies with the previous studies may be due to an attenuation of the risk estimate as a result of the simple dichotomy used to indicate asbestos exposure which may not distinguish between actual or potential exposure among the small number of individuals reporting exposure in this non-occupational cohort. Overall, these observations provide support for efforts to control, monitor and reduce exposures to potentially hazardous workplace exposures, which in this study are shown to be associated with lung cancer, even among never smokers.
Our findings are consistent with the evidence suggesting that a previous history of acquired respiratory conditions is a risk factor for lung cancer [31-41]. Chronic inflammation and airway obstruction may predispose individuals to various types of cancer as the damage created by acquired pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be involved in cancer development [42-47]. Proposed biological mechanisms include enhanced effects of carcinogenic exposures in the presence of chronic inflammation or a compromised immune response [48,49], as well as the possibility of lung cancer evolving directly from the scar lesions created by non-malignant conditions [50,51]. Although the analyses performed here accounted for active smoking, it is still possible that the relationship between acquired respiratory disease and lung cancer is partially explained by residual confounding from tobacco [52]. In addition, due to the relatively small numbers further investigations among never smokers is still warranted. Further elucidation and characterization of the genetic variants associated with inflammation of the lungs may also help to clarify the role of acquired respiratory conditions in the etiology of lung cancer.
ETS exposure was not found to significantly increase risk among never smokers in this study, however, several potential explanations are possible. ETS exposure either as a child or an adult in the home or the workplace has been evaluated in numerous studies [53]. The results, however, have been inconsistent as to the significance and magnitude of the effects among never smokers. When estimates were pooled in a meta-analysis of 34 case-control studies of non-smokers, a pooled relative risk of 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) was observed, although only seven out of 34 studies reporting significantly elevated risk [6]. It was suggested that the inconsistency in the significance of findings across studies could be due to issues of sample size, measurement error, recall bias and confounding [54]. Despite our efforts to minimize misclassification bias by collecting data on involuntary tobacco smoke exposure data for home, work and other exposure locations during both childhood and adulthood, the possibility of these issues cannot be excluded. The main limitation in our study is the lack of power to detect a modest effect. Non-differential misclassification of the dichotomous exposures may also lead to a bias toward to null. We combined hospital and population based controls in an attempt to increase our sample size and in turn the ability to detect significant associations. In order to address any issues created by this pooling we investigated effect estimates among only population based controls. Effect estimates were of a similar magnitude and no significant associations were observed among population based controls that were not observed among the total population.
Another limitation of this study is its dependence on self-reported exposures. Previous history of respiratory disease was self-reported as access to patient medical records was not available for validation, and similarly, validation of occupation was not possible due to a lack of occupational records. Even so, this study provides risk estimates for a relatively large group of never smoking lung cancer cases in a population-based study, and thus yields findings that are of increasing relevance given recent changes in tobacco use in the population. The detailed risk factor information concerning indoor air pollution and family history collected from patients following diagnosis, as well as similar participation rates among cases and controls are additional strengths of the study.
When applying previously specified risk prediction models to our population, both models were able to adequately predict outcomes among smokers, however, both models had substantially less predictive ability among never smokers. This indicates that previously identified risk prediction models have little utility among never smokers and that additional determinants of increased risk or susceptibility must still be identified among this group. Identification of these new factors among never smokers has been difficult due to the small numbers of never smoking cases in studies to date. With the development of large-scale collaborations and consortia [55], it will become possible for much more detailed risk models to be evaluated among larger populations of never smokers, leading ultimately to improved risk prediction and understanding of lung cancer etiology among never smokers.
This study mainly assessed environmental risk factors for the development of lung cancer in never smokers. It is now clear that the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers is different, with a higher proportion of adenocarincoma observed among never smoking cases. Recent studies have demonstrated that activating mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain occur much more frequently in lung cancers in non and never smoking patients. Furthermore, these mutations are found significantly more often in adenocarcinomas, women, and individuals of Asian origin where the mutation rate can reach 60% in patients with these characteristics [56]. These characteristics were all significantly higher in our never smoking subset. Unfortunately, we do not have adequate tissue samples to assess mutation status in our cases, but studies of the interaction between EGFR mutations and environmental factors deserve further investigation.
In conclusion, occupational exposures displayed the strongest associations with increased lung cancer risk among never smokers in this study. Further understanding of the role of these factors in lung cancer etiology may ultimately lead to improved lung cancer prevention strategies for the whole population.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
DB carried out the analysis and drafted the manuscript. RH assisted in drafting of the manuscript and provided critical revision. MT aided in the design of the study and data collection. FS aided in the design of the study and data collection and provided critical revision of the manuscript. MJ aided in the design of the study and data collection. SN aided in the design of the study and data collection. WR aided in the design of the study and data collection. JM led the study design and data collection and coordinated the drafting of the manuscript while providing critical revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the collaboration of Drs. A. Bezjak, R. Burke, G. Darling, R. Feld, A. Gordon, D. Jones, D. Payne, J. Ringash, T. Rohan, E. Spratt, R. Tyndale, D. Vespirini, Y. Ung; the support of Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, the University Health Network, and the Yee Hong Medical Centre; and the assistance of T. Chan, I. Fan, M. Kebabdjian, G. Manca, C. Neglia, T. Oh, S. Farooq, K. Scott, N. Sheikh, A. Vasilopoulos, E. Weinroth, H. White and K. Yoong. This work was funded through a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Canadian Cancer Society (NCIC # 8046); JRM was supported as an Investigator of the Canadian Institute for Health Research.
The study was also supported by a Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute grant (no. 020214). DB holds a CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship.
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Pre-publication history
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text:
|AIDS mortality decrease
Jun 25, 2001
Do you have any figures on AIDS mortality rates since the onset of HAART? Ive seen figures for 1995 -1997, but what about 1999-2000?
| Response from Dr. Young
There has been well publicized figures on the decrease in mortality in the US among persons with HIV infection and AIDS from the CDC's HOPS (HIV outpatient study) cohort. The most recent presenation of this data was at this years Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, by Palella.
Their analysis shows that the death rate continues to fall among US patients with CD4 counts below 100.
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Narrow your search
By landing safely in Hawaii after a five-day leg, the Swiss plane -- on an around-the-world trip -- also sets the record for longest solo flight by time.
Check out CNET's coverage of the New York International Auto Show 2015.
DC Comics has added a new range of comics to its monthly lineup, and the spate of Issue Ones makes this an ideal time for new readers to jump on-board, or for fans to pick up a new series.
The venerable comic book maker has inspired movies, television shows and video games. Now, for the first time, the trend is working in reverse.
The 2016 iA sedan is one of the best cars to ever wear the Scion badge, which is interesting because it's actually a Mazda.
Comic "Modern Polaxis" has some nifty AR features for readers, but its creator decided to take it a step further and tattoo a scene straight from the book onto his forearm. If you're wondering if AR still works via tattoo, it does -- and it looks epic.
On today's show, we geek out over a comic book tattoo animated with the help of AR, discuss the HoloLens demos at Microsoft Build 2015, and admire the special new elevators at the One World Observatory in New York City. #TDTat
Ride-hailing company agrees to settle with local lawmakers after it was accused of illegally operating in the state.
The new Marvel "Star Wars" comics are now considered canon by Disney and Lucasfilm, which means the latest revelation about Han Solo's love life will shock fans who thought they knew the smooth-talking space smuggler.
From Archie to the Avengers, "Peanuts" to "Fight Club", head to your local comic shop on 2 May to pick up a whole bunch of comics totally gratis.
The folks behind the 2015 Comic-Con International announce new rules for this year's show, and several popular items have been banned.


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|Hot Stove: Josh Hamilton reportedly offered 3-year deal from Phillies
|12.12.12 at 9:27 am ET
Rangers free agent outfielder Josh Hamilton was offered a three-year deal from the Phillies, according to a report from Philadelphia radio station WIP.
Dallas Morning News writer Gerry Fraley speculated that a three-year deal worth more than $25 million per season might be enough for Hamilton, assuming no team is willing to take a risk on a longer-team contract with the 31-year-old who has a history of substance-abuse issues.
Hamilton hit .285/.354/.577 with 43 home runs and 128 RBIs last season. In six major league seasons (one with the Reds and five All-Star seasons with the Rangers), he's hitting .304/.363/.549 with 161 home runs and 553 RBIs. He was named American League MVP in 2010 after hitting .359/.411/.633 with 32 home runs and 100 RBIs.
Latest from Bleacher Report
- Cup of Coffee: Benintendi blasts first professional home run
- Cup of Coffee: Benintendi debuts, Stankiewicz shines for Salem
- Red Sox purchase contract of pitcher Noe Ramirez
- Johnson named to International League All-Star Team
- Cup of Coffee: Kopech goes six strong, Nava returns to Pawtucket
- Red Sox sign two as international signing period opens
- Cup of Coffee: Devers hits clutch homer, GCL Sox remain unbeaten
- Podcast Ep. 79: Promotions, Signings, Rankings, Fireworks?
- Five Sea Dogs chosen for Eastern League All-Star team
- Cup of Coffee: Espinoza and Owens pitch well, Basabe leads Lowell


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Excellent Mexican food in a pleasant atmosphere. Quite crowded, and for good reason - good food at an excellent value. Service was quick and friendly. A fine place for a casual meal.
Went with some collegues to lunch, and the dishes were OK, they took many time with the check and pick up our credit card. they forgot some tortillas to use with the fajitas an camarones mexicali. the portions was OK. Try yo no go in a hurry. If I ´be back there? yes, but with more time.
While the location and decor isn't impressive (in a mini-strip mall), the food and service were very good. The variety of Mexican dishes were plenty - our party each ordered something different and we had the opportunity to sample each other's. Each were prepared very well, great portion size, seasoned to perfection and reasonably priced. This is a great place for family and/or friends to have a nice casual dinner.
We stumbled upon this place while walking around our hotel and were very pleasantly surprised. The strip mall location isn't very confidence inspiring but looks can indeed be deceiving. The food was authentic (no shredded cheese here, obviously handmade corn tortillas, authentic seasonings). The atmosphere was conducive to many different types of diners: we saw couples, families, friends, business associates. Margaritas are delicious. Staff is friendly and helpful and just the right amount of attentive. Definitely give this place a try if you like authentic Mexican-style food and drinks.
We love this Mexican restaurant. The food is outstanding and they have the best margaritas in town. They need to move to larger spaces because the atmosphere is lacking and tight.
If you own or manage Guajillo, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Sometimes, it feels as if we are eavesdropping on day-to-day conversations rather than just hearing the usual litany of platitudes and regrets.
Sometimes, it feels as if we are eavesdropping on day-to-day conversations rather than just hearing the usual litany of platitudes and regrets.
"Stray Dog" largely succeeds because Granik's technique complements her subject. Both he and the film are modest in their goals and cherish the value of…
"The Ballad of Narayama" is a Japanese film of great beauty and elegant artifice, telling a story of startling cruelty. What a space it opens…
Patrice Leconte's "Monsieur Hire" is a tragedy about loneliness and erotomania, told about two solitary people who have nothing else in common. It involves a…
Nick Allen picks one of his favorite Roger reviews.
An excerpt of Tony Fitzpatrick's column, "Dime Stories," which has its first published compilation in stores this month.
Nick Allen picks one of his favorite Roger reviews.
An excerpt of Tony Fitzpatrick's column, "Dime Stories," which has its first published compilation in stores this month.
A review of Han Gong-ju from a Far Flung Correspondent.
An FFC responds to Kyle Smith's assertion that women can't enjoy GoodFellas.
America takes on Trump; "St. Elmo's Fire" turns 30; Music in Sofia Coppola's films; Chat with "Vampire Diaries" DP Darren Ganet; R.I.P. Brian Clark.
The table of contents for RogerEbert.com's complete coverage of AFI Docs 2015.
There's something endearingly human about our ability to take the most astonishing ideas and treat them in trivial stories. Take, as today's example, the idea of black holes in outer space and the story of Walt Disney's "The Black Hole."
The concept of black holes has trickled down by now from the ivory towers of Cambridge to the middle ground of Scientific American and finally to the funny pages: There may be special places in the universe where collapsing stars have set up gravity fields so dense that not even light can escape from them. So we have a "hole" in space which by definition we cannot see. Since light (which cannot help moving at the speed of light) cannot climb out of the hole. . . would an object falling into it be accelerated beyond the speed of light? And what would happen then?
The possibilities are mind-boggling. One of them, much favored by science-fiction writers, is that black holes are tunnels in space, and that if we fell into one we might emerge (a bit scorched, perhaps) from a "white hole" some. where else in the universe. Because black holes are "singularities" that do not correspond to models of the universe constructed by Einstein or anybody else, they've also inspired wonderfully apocalyptic notions. My favorite is that they're intergalactic bathtub drains, and that we'll all whirl down them some day and turn up in the sewer system of the universe next door.
That would be preferable to what happens in Disney's "The Black Hole," which takes us all the way to the rim of space only to bog us down in a talky melodrama whipped up out of mad scientists and haunted houses. A space mission to a black hole finds that another ship has arrived earlier: The Cygnus, which disappeared 20 years earlier. The explorers go on board and discover that the entire crew of the Cygnus has disappeared, except for a Dr. Reinhardt (Maximilian Schell), who explains that he's about to try a daring plunge into the hole. The visitors are not enchanted. But one of them (Anthony Perkins) gets caught up in Reinhart's mad vision, and a journalist (Ernest Borgnine) wanders about the gigantic Cygnus and discovers a great deal more than meets the eye. And then Reinhardt turns mean.
"The Black Hole," meanwhile, revolves in outer space and is glimpsed from time to time through portholes. Physics is not my best subject, but I somehow doubt that we could see a black hole actually revolving, and my objection comes in two parts: I don't think we could see the hole at all, and it would certainly not be revolving at the approximate rate of a ferris wheel.
No matter. The movie stays mostly inside the Cygnus, which resembles the spaceships in "Alien" and 'Star Trek' in one key feature: Although the cost of launching and maintaining a space vehicle is incredibly expensive and every square foot counts, the Cygnus is as spacious as a country manor, with long hallways, high ceilings and vast command decks.
Why all the extra, empty interior space? Perhaps to give the special effects artists their opportunity to go berserk on the visuals. "The Black Hole" was designed by the veteran effects artist Peter Ellenshaw, who avoids the look of most earlier movie spaceships (wall-to-wall computer display screens re- laying meaningless information to non-existent monitors). Instead, his interiors consist of orderly patterns of basic colors, arrayed on control panels.
And then there is a vast porthole looking out into space, much as Capt. Nemo's giant porthole surveyed the ocean in Ellenshaw's designs for "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea." The Cygnus, indeed, looks more like a fanciful space vehicle for a Nemo than like the fashionable High Tech so beloved in most movie spaceships. It's inhabited by a crew that's borrowed from gothic thrillers and "Star Wars." There are strange, hooded, zombie-like figures that mope about all over the place. And then there are robots.
The friendly robot looks like C3PO, from "Star Wars," and chirps out plucky little sayings while revolving its beady little eyes. The taller robots are ripped off from Darth Vader. And when everybody gets in a shootout, we're left for the umpteenth time with the reflection that gunfights would surely be obsolete in outer space. (Can you imagine a technology that could venture to the edge of a black hole, and yet equip its voyagers with sidearms that inflict only flesh wounds?)
The basic problem with "The Black Hole" is that it doesn't really confront the challenge of being a fiction about a black hole. The black hole is there, all right; and the characters gaze into it and make solemn statements, and Maximilian Schell seems properly obsessed with it, but we don't feel a sense of wonder. There's no awe. The hole's a gimmick that the movie can cut away to, in between onboard plotting and scheming, and at the movie's end there is a sensational visual payoff. But somehow it comes too late: The events leading up to it have been so trivial and cliche-ridden that the movie doesn't earn its climax. And so whaddaya know? Black holes retain their reputations: Nothing can escape from them, not even this movie.
A rebuttal to Joni Edelman's piece on "Inside Out."
MTV's Scream and CBS's Zoo premiere tonight. One is worth your time. Which one?
Three films starring Gina Lollobrigida have been released on Blu-ray; Glenn Kenny looks at them and her entire career.
An essay on the underrated scores of late composer James Horner.


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Mega Man 10 Gets Another Playable Character - Bass
Written Thursday, March 04, 2010 By Richard WalkerView author's profile
Attention all Mega Man fans! Capcom has confirmed that Bass will be available as a playable character for Mega Man 10.
For those shrugging their shoulders right now, Bass was designed by Dr. Wily and is Mega Man's bitter rival, although he'll help Mega Man out in the game if there's an opportunity for him to get something out of it. Still with us? Good.
Bass uses a weapon called the Bass Buster, which fires in seven directions and is faster than Mega Man's Mega Buster. Bass can also shoot down enemy attacks, perform an evasive dash move and copy boss weapons after defeating them (as can Mega Man).
He also has a canine companion called Treble who he can combine with for the ability to fly and fire more powerful Bass Buster projectiles. Kablammo!
Bass will be on the Xbox Live Marketplace for download on April 5th priced at 160 Microsoft Points.


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Monday, 6 July 2015
Last updated 2 hours ago
Jan 5 2012 | 12:48pm ET
California's public pensions are among the pioneers and leaders in hedge fund investing. But one Northern California system is only getting into the asset class now.
The Alameda County Employees' Retirement Association has made its first hedge fund hire, handing Permal Asset Management a $100 million mandate, HFMWeek reports. The money will go into a fixed-income holdings fund of hedge fund and is the first part of the $5 billion pension's $250 million alternative investments plan; the remaining money will go into private equity.
Permal beat out BlackRock Alternative Advisors and Magnitude Capital for the pension's business.
Jun 26 2015 | 6:47am ET
If you want to set up an offshore hedge fund, like any great team, you're only...
Jun 8 2015 | 12:37am ET
The Wall Street Decathlon — a 10-event physical challenge that will crown "Wall...
Jun 26 2015 | 10:07am ET
In this article, financial expert Greg Silberman explores how to hedge a private...
May 27 2015 | 2:15pm ET
Support Hedge Funds Care, also known as Help For Children (HFC), by participating in this year's raffle. All proceeds go to support HFC's mission of preventing and treating child abuse. Read more…


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Welcome to the Balljar discussion group. This is for people who collect Ball fruit jars and related items. If you collect such items then by all means join my group. Post messages, share files and feel free to post pictures or ask questions. All are welcome. Please refrain from posting non Ball related topics as they will be deleted at once. Ball made jars such as product jars or anything Ball related is acceptable to post in this group. Any non Ball related item can be discussed in the other fruit jar group for all types of jars.
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Songs-Islamic - download at 4shared. Songs-Islamic is hosted at free file sharing service 4shared.
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Islam And Terrorism - What the Quran really teaches about Christianity, violence and the goals of the Islamic jihad..pdf
by: Clementine D.
In God s Path - The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire (Ancient Warfare and Civilization).pdf


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Helpful (1)
"Good people and a good place to get a paycheck. "
- Work/Life Balance
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
I have been working at Gap full-time (More than 5 years)
Very stable, great people, nice building, good benefits.
Very little movement, job advances seem to follow life advances, i.e. need a promotion? have a child or get married. Nobody is fired ever, even for gross incompetence. Working there you have no control over whether or not the khakis sell, but your bonus is based on it. Let's just say it's frustrating when you see a bunch of ugly holiday clothes and know you're going to miss bonus no matter how hard you work.
Advice to Management
Fire people sometimes. Change the bonus structure to penalize self-indulgent designers not the hard-working people everywhere else.
- Any Location
- Any Job Title
- Any Status
I worked at Gap
great work environment. everyone at my store worked together and there was no drama
the customers were messy and rude.
"Great company to gain store-level experience with "
- Work/Life Balance
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
I worked at Gap part-time (More than a year)RecommendsNeutral OutlookApproves of CEORecommendsNeutral OutlookApproves of CEO
Worked here for 2.5 years in college. Progressed into a Visual Lead on the sales team, which was my goal coming into it. Great values as far as diversity and giving back to the community. Management was pretty good, flexible.
Performance was strongly based on ability to open Gap Cards, which for some people is a big con.


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A Malgudi Omnibus: "Swami and Friends", "Bachelor of Arts", "English Teacher"Paperback
List price $17.14
You save $3.35 19% off
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 1 business day
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: VINTAGE
- Format: Paperback | 480 pages
- Dimensions: 130mm x 196mm x 30mm | 422g
- Publication date: 4 August 1997
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 363,086
Product description
Here are three of R. K. Narayan's most famous and best loved novels, all set in the imaginary Indian town of Malgudi. These irresistable worksprovide the perfect introduction to a universal world of humour, sadness, wisdom and joy.
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Author information
R. K. Narayan's writing spans the greatest period of change in modern Indian history, from the days of the Raj with Swami and Friends (1935), The Bachelor of Arts (1937) and The English Teacher (1945), to recent years of political unrest - The Painter of Signs (1976), A Tiger for Malgudi (1983), and Talkative Man (1987). He has published numerous collections of short stories, including Malgudi Days (1982) and Under the Banyan Tree (1985), and several works of non-fiction. His final work was The Grandmother's Tale: Three Novellas (1993). R. K. Narayan died in 2001.
Review quote
"Narayan's humour and compassion come from a deep universal well, with the result that he has transformed his imagery township of Malgudi into a bubbling parish of the world" Observer "The hardest of all things for a novelist to communicate is the extraordinary ordinariness of human happiness. Jane Austen, Soskei, Chekhov; a few bring it off. Narayan is one of them" Spectator "No writer is more deceptively casual, or less fussed about the Eternal Verities, or more unerring in arriving by delightful detours at his destination - which is seldom a terminus because life keeps bobbing on" Guardian "R K Narayan's Malgudi novels are humorous gems and it is a great pity that they are not better known. He wrote beautifully and with great compassion." -- Alexander McCall Smith Guardian "Few writers since Dickens can match the effect of the colourful teeming that Narayan's fictional city of Malgudi conveys" -- John Updike


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Billy Joel
Turntable Tuesday Video: 'The Longest Time' By Billy Joel
It's Turntable Tuesday, so I decided to play one of my favorite Billy Joel songs!
Billy Joel Will Play New York's Nassau Coliseum's Final Show
Joel will play the coliseum on Aug. 4 for its final show.
Turntable Tuesday Video: 'We Didn't Start The Fire' By Billy Joel
Turning 40 can sometimes put things into perspective and, if this song is any indication, it did for Billy Joel.
Watch Jimmy Fallon Lead a Drunken Singalong of 'Piano Man'
Because why not?
Billy Joel's Coming Back To Chicago!
August 27, 2015 will mark Billy's FOURTH show at Clark and Addison. According to Cubs chairman Tom Ricketts, that sets a new record!
VIDEO: Kevin Spacey & Friends Salute (And Sing) Billy Joel
Enjoy this brand new rendition of "Piano Man," featuring Kevin Spacey, Boyz II Men, Gavin DeGraw, Natalie Maines, Josh Groban, LeAnn Rimes, Tony Bennett…oh, and even Billy Joel, himself!
Stream 'The Art of McCartney,' Featuring Covers by Bob Dylan, Billy Joel & More
Fans can get an early listen of the impressive compilation today via a YouTube stream.
Listen to Billy Joel Cover Paul McCartney's 'Maybe I'm Amazed'
Joel stays true to the McCartney composition, leaning towards the live version from 'Wings Over America' for his fiery take on the tune.
Bob Dylan, Billy Joel & KISS Celebrate Paul McCartney on New Covers Album
Paul McCartney is getting the royal treatment from his fellow musicians in a new covers compilation that spans the former Beatle's time with the Fab Four and Wings, along with his solo career.
Watch: Barbra Streisand and Billy Joel Talk 'New York State of Mind' [Premiere]
One of the most enduring songs of Billy Joel's incredible songbook is about to get a very New York update via a duet with Barbra Streisand.


text: http://www.talkandroid.com – Charging technology has developed a lot over the past few years, especially wireless charging technology. In fact, new wireless charging technology developed at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology that can charge a whopping 40 phones at once from up to 5 meters away. The system is called the Dipole Coil Resonant System, and while it's still in prototype phase, it could make charging cables a thing of the past. It essentially uses 2 long magnetic coils to power devices through inductive charging. Not only could it charge your mobile devices, but it could also power t (IT news)


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Latest Event Updates
Ever Changed the Way You View Life?
Something happened on Thursday the 19th March 2015, that changed my perspective on life in a big way.
It has opened my mind so much that I want to share it, even though I would normally have kept such things very private. So here goes…
A part of me believes my family should always be happy and healthy. After all, I clearly believe that I have the ability to help others become healthier and happier. I have helped enough people, to know that there is some truth in that belief. So a part of me, feels we should always be leading from the front, always full of health and happy. I know that Debbie often thinks the same, as she has also mentioned feeling the same way.
We were both experiencing our versions of the natural feelings of grief, sadness and loss wrapped up with those of fear. I feel that we did the best we could, but it is also my belief that Honey had learned that life was scary and distressing even before she was born and so maybe that was why she woke up each morning sounding distressed.
Now over the past three years there have been a sequence of events that has pushed me towards believing in our bodies subtle energy systems. Possibly being more open to that concept, I also came across EFT Founder Gwyneth Moss's talks on surrogate tapping. This is where you use Emotional Freedom Technique or tapping for someone else, by imagining you are them! I've discarded this idea in the past without any real thought, but Gwyneth's background is in science, she graduated from Cambridge in physics and worked worldwide as an oil exploration geophysicist and project management consultant before retraining as a therapist. Her thoughts mirrored mine when she explained her initial reaction to surrogate tapping which was "that's too weird, that's for Reiki people, not me". So if someone with a proven record as both a physicist and a therapist can observe the benefits, would I be able to? After yet another morning of being woken early to the sound of Honey crying and distressed, I very strongly suggested to Debbie that we should try surrogate tapping for her.
How We Did It
As I said before, surrogate EFT involves tapping on yourself on behalf of someone else, so we decided I would 'pretend' to be Honey and Debbie would be the therapist. EFT works best when you are not attached to the outcome though, so we spent some time clearing our own issues and emotional responses over Honey's behaviour. Then I pretended to be Honey and Debbie acted as practitioner. We ended with the choices method around feeling safe and happy in her room. I just imagined myself as Honey and said what came into my mind, in the kind of words she would use. Our session probably lasted for around an hour and half, with around 1/3rd of it being the surrogate tapping.
The Following Morning
Around eight hours later at about 6:45 I almost cried as I lay in bed listening to Honey chat away to herself contentedly. I finally got up and popped my head around her door to be met with a cheery "Morning Dad".
This blew me away. It was a like a dream. I had expected a change, committed myself fully to the process and believing in it, but such a profound difference, so quickly, was beyond my expectations.
Friday she woke with a cold and feeling ill, but still wanted to stay in her own room…
To date, each morning (to date around six weeks later), she has woken with a much more contented state of mind.
How Could This Work?
Some of you reading this will believe it a mysterious consequence, or wishful thinking. Personally I believe now more than ever, that we are all energetically linked in some way and this is why it has worked.
For now I'm avidly reading postings and books by those who understand what might be happening better than I do.
But I wonder, have you experienced anything like it?
Three Things to Help You Survive Cancer
There can be few things scarier than being diagnosed with Cancer, I still remember when my mum was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and given a few years at best to live. As a family we functioned, but in shock and with an almost paralysing sense of fear dragging me down everytime I awoke in the morning. I have regrets over that time because I did wrong, but it was a long a time ago and I lacked the knowledge I have now.
So if I could turn back time what would I do differently? In truth I believe there are many things that contribute towards self healing and being healthy, but I would start with these:
Firstly I believe hope is the most important thing to foster. So watch this now.
Doctors seem paranoid about this and and scared of giving false hope, personally I would be more scared of living without hope because studies have shown that when it comes to beating cancer even 'denial' is better than the stoic acceptance that some people think you should have. Hope is crucial because without hope what is the point of doing anything?
I would recommend reading books like: Radical Remission, How Your Mind Can Heal Your Body, You Are the Placebo: Making Your Mind Matter etc to read about stories of how other people have survived against the odds and the theories behind how it maybe possible. Once you become open to the possibility that you can survive and thrive in spite of a prognosis to the contrary, you may be surprised at how many others have done so too and maybe you can be one of them. Here is the story on Youtube of one chap who did not consciously do anything, but still survived against the odds.
When you open your mind there is so much out there, and some it from forward thinking Doctors, like that talk from Doctor Lissa Rankin which I find amazingly inspirational.
Secondly it is vital to get into the right state of mind to heal by acknowledging and reducing any fears, stresses or negative beliefs, while promoting positive thoughts and emotions. This is an area that I now specialise in because I know how important it is to regaining health. In simple terms every thought you have, conscious or subconscious starts as an electrical impulse, then creates chemical messengers that flood every cell in your body. Telling your cells which genes to switch on and off, which immune cells to create etc. There are now plenty of studies linking emotions like anger, and fear with various illness and it is well understood that stress or the fight or flight response drastically changes our biological systems which long term have a negative effect on our bodies. So it is vital that you get help to let these go. Find someone with a good reputation, who resonates with you, that can offer techniques such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) that really do help you let to go of unhelpful thoughts.
As every thought you have does result in chemical messengers that flood every cell in your body, so replacing your fears with more positive thoughts is also important. Starting a gratitude diary may seem tough after a diagnosis of cancer, but blogger Gabi MacEwan credits the practice to her survival and it is a good way to foster positive emotions. Read more in my post: Three Strategies for Gratitude If Your Life is Tough.
Practising a daily meditation/self hypnosis to encourage your body to heal is also vital and there are many such tracks available commercially. Email me if you would like one of mine to listen to.
Thirdly, start eating the right foods! This will probably involve you forgetting everything you have previously been told from 'authority' figures, but the evidence is there for doing so. Many people attribute changes to nutrition, often drastic changes, as being responsible for beating cancer. One of those I stumbled across recently is Fred Hatfield, who was given three months to live when he came across the idea that adopting a 'ketogenic' (high fat) diet would help him. The story I came across was written a year after he adopted that way of eating and he was still free of cancer. Others like Kriss Carr have found a diet of plant based nutrition has helped them. So here is the dilemma, how should you eat to beat cancer?
Now although initially these may look like drastically different approaches, which they are, if you look at the detail there are many similarities. So while one approach predominately involves starving the cancer sells of their primary energy source and the other predominately involves increasing anti-cancer vegetables, they both have similarities in what is avoided (and I have posted about that before).
In 1931, the Nobel Prize was awarded to Dr. Otto Warburg, who discovered that cancer cells and malignant tumours tend to feed on sugar (glucose and fructose). This theory has been expanded upon by others such as Dr Seyfried and Dr. Dominic D'Agostino and is the basis of using a diet that is high in fat, causing the body to use fat derived ketones for energy. As cancer cells cannot use ketones they die, while the rest of the body functions well, if not better on ketones than glucose.
So while diets like Kris Carr's Crazy Sexy Diet do not aim at ketone generation, many of the meals involve only sugar derived from carbohydrates, which when combined with increasing the intake of vegetables known to be beneficial in fighting cancer, may be enough for you to beat the cancer.
However, after doing a lot of research into healthy eating I would say that the ketogenic approach seems to make more sense and that is what I now recommend. Here are lots of resources you may find useful.
I would also recommend this FaceBook Group and Patricia Daly's website comes highly recommended.
To Round Up:
Other people have survived and thrived and you could be one of them. Nurture your hope and do what ever it takes to believe that you can survive and thrive too. Your thoughts and emotions are vital to your bodies ability to heal and fight cancer, get the help you need to let go of fears and develop a rock solid vision of a healthy happy you. Ditch the standard western diet and follow a ketogenic diet.
If you would like to know more please see my website.
Can't get Pregnant? Have you considered this?
Are you struggling to get pregnant? We live in an age where more and more couples struggle to conceive a baby; so, although it may offer you little consolation, you are not alone.
When I first started my practice, the first person to contact me was a lady who was struggling to get pregnant. She asked for my help because she blamed the negative emotions she was experiencing for her inability to conceive. Her belief, and mine, was that moving past her negative emotions would help her conceive and have the baby she so wanted so desperately.
After three sessions she was much happier, more relaxed and positive. Several months later, I heard from her to say she was pregnant, and over a year later I bumped into her with her new little girl at a post-natal baby weigh-in (where I was taking my daughter, I hasten to add)!
What is this About?
Since the 1980s the link between negative mental and emotional states of mind and infertility has become more understood. Our states of mind can have a real impact on our ability to conceive. This is something that believe so strongly that I was rather surprised and taken aback today when a gentleman questioned "how on earth could I help with fertility and pregnancy?"
Research supports the fact that your state of mind affects your ability to conceive
How indeed? Well although when one normally thinks about fertility, test tubes and medical interventions spring to mind, we need to also take a real consideration for how our state of mind and emotions can have an affect on our body. An eminent researcher in the field or fertility, Dr. Alice Domar has proven the benefits of improving your state of mind in regards to improving your chances of conception. An assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and the author of numerous books, Dr Domar has been involved in various research projects proving the benefits of mind/body practices for overcoming infertility and helping couples conceive. In 2000 she published the results of one study in The Journal of Fertility and Sterility. The study involved 184 women who had been trying to conceive for between one and two years. Her article explained that the women who underwent her mind/body programme were almost three times more likely to conceive and get pregnant than those who didn't. Her programme involved the women learning emotional release, nutrition advice and relaxation training. After her programme 55% of the women conceived, as opposed to 20% of the control group.
I often work with people to change their limiting beliefs, because they can sabotage you at a subconscious level. Limiting beliefs are negative thoughts, such as 'I am not good enough', 'That will never happen' etc. It was inspiring to see Dr Domar also working to change limiting beliefs such as "I will never have a baby" into more positive ones such as "I'm doing everything I can to get pregnant".
For those of us interested in the mind/body connection Dr Domar's reserach should not come as any big surprise. But if you are just starting to understand the amazing link between our bodies and our mind, it may come as a revelation. The mind/ body link enables us to see how our mindset may be affecting our body's ability to conceive. In order to have the best chance of conceiving your hormones need to be in balance. Hormones are chemical messengers often created as a result of our thoughts. So, if our conscious or subconscious thoughts are negative, these chemical messengers will adversely affect the body's hormone balance.
Stress causes a decrease in your progesterone levels
An example of this mind/body hormonal link can be seen in the realm of stress. Constant stress causes a decrease in your progesterone levels. The hormone progesterone is needed if you want be become pregnant and stay pregnant because it nourishes the lining of the uterus in preparation of the implanted fertilized egg and feeds and nourishes the uterus during pregnancy. So if you are stressed, this may be having an adverse affect on your progesterone levels which may be reducing your chances of conception.
Why is this Important?
Assuming you have seen your GP and ruled out all the physical reasons that might be preventing you from becoming pregnant, you may be confused and lost for a reason as to why this seemingly natural process is eluding you. If you can identify with that description, this post is important for you because it may be your state of mind that is causing the struggle.
Ironically, unless you understand the importance of this knowledge, the delayed ability to conceive can often lead to a downward spiral of unhelpful emotions and thoughts such as failure, guilt, jealousy, anger, etc that all add up to more stress, which impacts on your ability to conceive.
How do I use This?
Now you know how stress and negative thoughts and emotions may be impacting on your ability to conceive, you have the choice to act on that knowledge. You have the ability to change your thinking patterns and trigger your relaxation response. It can be difficult to change on your own, but help is available and I will give you a link to some free downloads to help you in a minute.
Often the stresses of daily life simply rob us of the motivation and energy to change. I wonder if I asked you to scale your motivation between 1 and 10 where you would honestly say it was? Once you have decided on a figure ask yourself why it is not less? You may be surprised at just how motivated you are to change once you think about it in this way.
Often all that you really need is the motivation to change because once you have that motivation then things like the belief you can change and the knowledge of how to begin that change begin to slot into place.
Free Help for a Better Mind, a Better Body and a Better life!
Sign up for a Newsletter and get news later this month of a Deep Relaxation download to help you relax.
Other pages you might find useful:
Gratitude can be a great way to stay positive and avoid stress these posts explain how.
Impact of group psychological interventions on pregnancy rates in infertile women
Conquering Infertility: Dr. Alice Domar's Mind/Body Guide to Enhancing Fertility and Coping with Infertility
The Stress-Infertility Connection
Impact of group psychological interventions on pregnancy rates in infertile women
Restore Hormonal Balance for Improved Fertility
3 Strategies for Gratitude When Life is Tough!
These days I often introduce the idea of a Gratitude Journal by telling the story of Gabi MacEwan. An inspirational lady who decided to start practising gratitude after being diagnosed with terminal cancer. As she says:
"I don't live in a constant state of bliss. Sometimes I'm frustrated, disillusioned and sad, but I heartily recommend the cumulative effect of noticing and noting the moments of delight, relief or humour each day."
So with that recommendation I want to give you some strategies for keeping the gratitude alive when life sucks, because being told to keep a Gratitude Journal when you feel your life is going down the pan, things look bleak and your feeling low can be a big 'ask'. It's times like this that doing a gratitude journal can be really tough. I've had clients say there was just nothing in their day that they felt grateful for, some have said they were writing the same old things and grew tired of the 'chore'. Ironically of course when life is unfairly hard is exactly when you benefit from the practice the most.
What is this About?
I recently posted on the benefits of keeping a gratitude journal, but as with many good habits you may find yourself too busy to do it when you are feeling good, and too tough when your not. So if you are like some of my original clients, you will keep a journal for a few days and then the practice of being grateful will begin to slide.
The answer is to make it habit and for that happen you need to commit to doing the practice until it becomes a subconscious reaction to think of things you are grateful for. Some people say it takes 21 days to make a habit stick, others 66, whoever is right, you will probably benefit from a strategy and support to really embed this new behaviour and way of thinking.
So having some strategies and support will help you make this positive activity a habit and today I want to focus on one of those strategies that makes keeping a gratefulness journal easy.
Why is this Important?
Because lets face it, there are times when life sucks! Whatever the reason for the 'suckyness', the simple act of writing down (or saying out-loud) the things for which we're grateful gives benefits including better sleep, fewer symptoms of illness, and more happiness among adults and kids alike. Brilliant medicine when life feels like it is going down the pan and things looks bleak.
How do I Use This?
Personally I find that buying a nice journal helped me to keep me committed to the task and you may want to do the same thing. Make a conscious choice now and commit to experiencing more gratitude in your life. Then try these strategies:
- Set aside some time so you can allow yourself the opportunity to really notice the depth of your gratitude. Take time to relish and savour the feelings.
- Pick one person you know and just take time to allow all of the good reasons for having them in your life surface into your consciousness. Whenever possible focus on people and dogs in your life. Apparently whether we think of our pet dogs or children the same area of our brains are activated. So being grateful for your dog is ok!
- Go into depth – Elaborating in detail about a particular thing for which you're grateful carries more benefits than a superficial list of many things.
If you can think of these things in terms of gifts so much the better, according to Robert Emmons, one of the world's leading experts on the science of gratitude. His advice is:
"Be aware of your feelings and how you "relish" and "savor" this gift in your imagination. Take the time to be especially aware of the depth of your gratitude."
I wonder if you maybe surprised at what you have been grateful for today?
The power of gratitude
Gabi MacEwan Blog: Losing the Will To Die
10 Reasons Why Gratitude is Good for You
It Takes 66 days to make a Habbit
Kids, dogs touch same soft spots in the brain: study
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Can you get a better nights sleep and improve your health and happiness?
Is your mind busy when it's time to rest and sleep? Do you have problems switching off at bedtime? Mind active and won't slow down? Do you toss and turn because your thoughts won't let you rest?
If that image of being too restless to sleep looks like you, you have a lot in common with many of the people I help and there is a good chance your flight or fight response is active.
So lets talk about one way to switch off the fight or flight response and quieten the mind down at bedtime. There are many ways to achieve this, and one I really like is to keep a gratitude journal.
Spending a few minutes each night to think about things you are really grateful for is a great way to calm the mind and body and trigger the relaxation response. Focusing on the things you have been grateful for during the day will help you to let go of the things that were worrying you and help you get a good nights sleep.
But you do need to do it properly; robotically going through things you think you should be grateful for is not the same! If you are aware of the work of Candace Pert, you will know that your thoughts trigger the release of chemicals that flood the body, but that does not really happen if you think the thoughts in a detached fashion. You need to think the thoughts with your heart too.
Why is this Important?
It is really important that the fight or flight response is turned off and the relaxation response is triggered for sleep. Normally during sleep our bodies and minds should go through cycles of healing and repair, but these cycles are associated with being in a relaxed state. When we are stressed they are put on hold and your body does not heal and repair as it should.
So if you want to be healthy and happy triggering the relaxation response just before sleep will help.
It seems odd to think we can be stressed while sleeping, but studies have shown that some people, like those with CFS/ME, do actually stay stressed during their sleep. So spending a few minutes contemplating what you are grateful for or what has gone well during the day is one way to switch off the fight or flight response.
Gratitude is great because it focuses you on what you have, not what you want or what you would like. I buy a nice little note pad for those that take part in my workshops, so they can use it as a journal and I urge you to buy something special too. Having a nice book to write in and maybe a nice pen will make the activity special and keep you motivated.
How do I Use This?
Personally I would prefer a paper based journal as modern technology like phones tend to keep us stimulated, alert and possibly stressed. Much better to create your own paper based journal which can become a treasure trove of positivity for you, as it fills with things that you have been grateful for. Something like this is ideal.
Spend a little bit of time composing your thoughts and then write down what you have been grateful for today. Feel the feelings as deeply as possible with your heart.
One lady I was talking too, said how truly grateful she felt for the home she lived in, even though it was nowhere near as nice as she would like. This was something she had moaned about and criticised until hearing of a tragedy the other side of the world where people had lost their homes and were spending night outside. Another lady spent ages trying to think of something only to realise she was grateful for the comfortable warm bed she was laying in.
Another chap said he thought of a different person he knew each night, spending time remembering how they have or had positively contributed to his life. It's a good thing to vary what you write to keep it fresh and relevant.
Sometimes when times are tough, or we are busy and tired it is easy to answer with our head only. You know what I mean, when you say something but it does not have that emotional resonance, that physical sensation that lets you know you have felt something with your heart. Notice the difference between thinking what you are grateful for and feeling it with your heart. It can help to place your hand on your heart and allow the thoughts of gratitude to flow from there.
I wonder if you maybe surprised at what you have been grateful for today?
The power of gratitude
10 Reasons Why Gratitude is Good for You
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Is this the 1st Step to Health and Happiness?
Do you believe other people are more interesting and loveable than you are? Do you feel your opinions do not matter? Do you lack the love and attention you need? Do you feel out of control of your life, finances and relationships? Do you believe nothing will ever change?
If you answered 'yes' to those questions take a breath, pause, let it go and read on, because as the airplane safety video says,
"Put your own oxygen mask on first. You can't take care of others if you're running out of air yourself."
What is this About?
This is about having a good relationship with yourself and your life because it takes a strong caring and nurturing relationship with yourself to do what is necessary to improve your health, well-being and happiness.
So the first step to improving your health, well-being and happiness is to improve the relationship you have with yourself.
Sadly, many people are stuck believing that taking more care of themselves will mean others suffer, or they will be seen as selfish. Women in particular are often taught by example that they should always put other people's needs first and may feel guilty about taking time for themselves. In many ways this is ironic because to care and help other people we really need to full of energy and enthusiasm and for that to happen we need to take care of ourselves first.
Why is this Important?
Improving your relationship with yourself is vital to taking the next step and seeking help or making changes to your life. Believing that you do matter, that you are loveable, important and in control will help to you to embark and sustain your healing journey.
This is important not just for you, but for those you love, because you will be able to help them so much by being healthy and happy.
How do I Improve?
Make a conscious decision to change and you may be surprised how you gently and slowly you begin to be kinder, more loving, more permissive and more responsible to yourself.
Take the first step and print this worksheet: Improving My Relationship with Myself. Working through it and creating some personal positive affirmations to help you become your own best friend is great way to start.
Improving My Relationship with Myself.
David R Hamiliton's top 10 Affirmations.
In Answer to Your Questions!
I have been grateful for those who have pointed out that my Crowdfunding Video does not really explain why Dr Daniel's Health Creation Mentor and Consultant training is better than the alternatives, and a few people have admitted not really knowing who Dr Rosy Daniel is. Now I was hoping to have a nice short video answering these questions, but logistical problems have prevented me from finding a quiet, well lit location so I thought I give you the answers here first!
Who Is Dr Rosy Daniel? Three Facts You Might like to Know:
- Dr Rosy Daniel is a GP who specialised in holistic health care back in 1985.
- She was the Medical Director of the world famous Bristol Cancer (now Penny Brohn Cancer Care) for 15 years (now Penny Brohn Cancer Care) from 1985 to 1999.
- She is now the Medical Director of Health Creation, an organisation set up to help you create better health using the knowledge that she gained during those years.
So Dr Daniel is one of the pioneers of holistic health care in the uk today and is one of the UKs best known Integrated Medical Consultants specialising in the care and treatment of people with cancer and their carers. That means she helps you get the best of conventional medicine, Complementary therapies and self help.
Why is the Health Creation Mentor and Consultancy training Unique?
Completing this training will help me, to empower you, to take a truly holistic approach to health.
The Health Creation Mentoring and Consultancy Training she offers in conjunction with Bath Spa University is unique because it shows understanding of the link between our mind, body, spirit and the environment in which we live and work and encourages a truly healthy lifestyle. This is something that no other course that I have come across offers.
So it focuses on improving issues such as your state of fulfillment, and purpose in life as well as the more common issues around nutrition, exercise and mental well being etc. This is obviously vitally important to healing and it is also important because as we grow older many people expect to get diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease etc
However, this is so sad and often unnecessary because many of the common diseases we suffer from are related to lifestyle. In particular cancer is 81% related to lifestyle, heart disease – 75%, T2 diabetes – 100%, Obesity-95%,
Most of us are aware on some level of the research that lifestyle has a relationship with our health, but there is little help out there for you to make effective changes to your lifestyle in order to reduce your risk of those conditions, or improve your health if you already have them.
I'm sure we can all make a list of things we would like to change about our lifestyles, but do we change? Well most people do not unless they have support and that is where the role of the Health Creation Mentor comes in
Being a health creation mentor is not just about setting goals about nutrition and exercise it is about connecting you with your life and soul purpose and that is why it is so important to me. Because being connected to that purpose is so important to health and happiness and that is why this training stands out above the rest
So just to sumarise:
The Health Creation Programme takes a truly holistic approach to health, by understanding the link between our mind, body, spirit and the environment in which we live and work, which is something that no other course that I have come across offers.
For me, the programme is so vital because it has the potential to help improve energy levels, peace of mind and quality of life. This in turn can decrease the symptoms of illness, improve treatment outcomes and may ultimately enable clients to become independent of medical treatment as their health improves and they achieve sustainable good health and well-being.
This is the crux of the matter – ultimately the potential for better health for my clients through my better ability to help them through training with Dr Daniel.
My CrowdFunding page
You may also like to hear Dr Daniel talk about her work and life here:


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The Leader in Engineering & Design Solutions
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Act quickly, these offers end July 24, 2015.
Purchase 5 seats of Vault Professional and receive a rebate equal to the standard retail price of one seat. In other words, you can purchase 5 seats for the price of 4 until midnight on July 24th.
Discover why Lynn Allen thinks Inventor is the best choice for AutoCAD users.


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Summer Workshop
We are accepting applications for the Summer Animal Shelter Program for Tuesday, July 7th, 2015 to Saturday, July 11, 2015.
Here is a wonderful learning opportunity for young animal lovers who are able to commit to five days at the Pasadena Humane Society & SPCA! Explore the inner workings of a shelter including adoptions, animal control, training, medical care, and more! Students will have an opportunity for hands-on work with cats, dogs, and even some wildlife. Sessions end with students participating in a filmed TV show, as well as a community outreach event. Click here for the brochure.
|Tuesday, July 7, 2015 – Saturday, July 11, 2015.
11 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. each day
|Students ages 12 to 15 only
|Class includes:
|Certificate of Completion
|$150 (Scholarships are available)
|Pasadena Humane Society & SPCA
361 S. Raymond Ave Pasadena, CA 91105
|Summer Animal Shelter Program Application
Class size is very limited. Applications must be submitted no later than May 15, 2015.
Send applications to:
ATTN: Summer Student Program
Pasadena Humane Society & SPCA
361 S. Raymond Ave
Pasadena, CA 91105
Or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Or fax to 626.792.3810 with attention to Summer Student Program


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If you need to pay by purchase order, you may download a registration form by clicking here.
Cancellation policy: Registrations for Tech Forum are non-refundable after February 2, 2012. Any refunds before that date are subject to a $50 processing fee. Cancellations prior to February 2, 2012 must be in writing. Please email your cancellation to firstname.lastname@example.com or fax to 201-722-9221. Substitutions can be made at any time in lieu of cancellation.
Note: If you are vendor wanting to participate in this event, please contact Allison Knapp for more information. Non-sponsoring vendors are not allowed to attend the event.
October 23, 2015
November 6, 2015
Telepresence Robots Attend Campus Tours, Classes and More at Oral Roberts U
Dropbox Hops to School With New Education Team
Institution first to offer live, interactive campus tours with Georama
Keep up with ISTE thru the T&L Live Social Media Hub
Getting to Scale
Ideas for Summer PD
Central Presentations Animates Massive Mechanical Spider
XL Video Lights Up Red Rocks Amphitheater
E4 Expo Registration Closing Soon


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Despite lackluster reviews, Nicole Kidman managed to score a supporting actress nomination for her role in the provocative film, "The Paperboy." Here's a tip for all of you aspiring actresses: If you want to get a nomination, always say yes when a director asks you to pee on Zac Efron.
She's ready for the summer!
Work it, girl.
Mariah Carey, her boobs and her new beau James Packer, aka the fourth richest man in Australia, took their love to Ibiza, Spain where they gallivanted on a yacht with her kids.
Bad Girl RiRi? More like Braless RiRi.


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And too few insights gleaned from them
RNA Chases Its Tail
February 2, 2012|
New research suggests that circular RNA transcripts are not as rare as previously thought.
Covering the life sciences inside and out
February 2, 2012|
New research suggests that circular RNA transcripts are not as rare as previously thought.
January 23, 2012|
Brain scans reveal the surprising secret of magic mushrooms' hallucinogenic effect.
January 18, 2012|
A nanoscale device measures electrical signals inside cells without causing damage.
January 13, 2012|
Proteins that appear before patients show symptoms of the disease could offer clues to the disease process.
January 13, 2012|
Should research that makes pathogens more deadly or infectious—or other dangerous research—be conducted in the first place?
January 4, 2012|
An adenovirus isolated from chimpanzee feces proves more effective than human adenoviruses as a vaccine vector for hepatitis C.
January 4, 2012|
A new study shows that breast cancers that become resistant to hormone therapy have different patterns of estrogen receptor binding.
December 21, 2011|
The Scientist recounts the year's top science prize winners and top-notch scientists that passed away.
December 21, 2011|
Scientists have found a way to reactivate a gene in mice that is silenced in a neurodevelopmental disorder called Angelman syndrome.
December 19, 2011|
A list of this year's most high-profile retractions and controversies in science