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—By Tom Philpott
Nearly 80 percent of antibiotics consumed in the United States go to livestock farms. Meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant pathogens affecting people are on the rise. Is there a connection here? No need for alarm, insists the National Pork Producers Council. Existing regulations "provide adequate safeguards against antibiotic resistance," the group insists on its site. It even enlists the Centers for Disease Control in its effort to show that "animal antibiotic use is safe for everyone," claiming that the CDC has found "no proven link to antibiotic treatment failure in humans due to antibiotic use in animals."
So move along, nothing to see here, right? Not so fast. On Monday, the CDC came out with a new report called "Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013," available here. And far from exonerating the meat industry and its voracious appetite for drugs, the report spotlights it as a driver of resistance. Check out the left side of this infographic drawn from the report:
Note the text on the bottom: "These drugs should be only used to treat infections." Compare that to the National Pork Producers Council's much more expansive conception of proper uses of antibiotics in livestock facilities: "treatment of illness, prevention of disease, control of disease, and nutritional efficiency of animals." Dosing animals with daily hits of antibiotics to prevent disease only makes sense, of course, if you're keeping animals on an industrial scale.
The CDC report lays out a couple of specific pathogens whose spread among people is driven by farm practices. Drug-resistant campylobacter causes 310,000 infections per year, resulting in 28 deaths, the report states. The agency's recommendations for reducing those numbers is blunt:
• Avoiding inappropriate antibiotic use in food animals.
• Tracking antibiotic use in different types of food animals.
• Stopping spread of Campylobacter among animals on farms.
• Improving food production and processing to reduce contamination.
• Educating consumers and food workers about safe food handling
• Avoiding inappropriate antibiotic use in food animals.
• Tracking antibiotic use in different types of food animals.
• Stopping spread of Campylobacter among animals on farms.
• Improving food production and processing to reduce contamination.
• Educating consumers and food workers about safe food handling
Then there's drug-resistant salmonella, which infects 100,000 people each year and kills 38, CDC reports. The agency lists a similar set of regulations—including "Avoiding inappropriate antibiotic use in food animals"—for reversing the rising trend of resistance in salmonella.
Finally, there's Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, which racks up 80,461 "severe" cases per year and kills a mind-numbing 11,285 people annually. The CDC report doesn't link MRSA to livestock production, but it does note that the number of cases of MRSA caught during hospital stays has plunged in recent years, while "rates of MRSA infections have increased rapidly among the general population (people who have not recently received care in a healthcare setting)."
Why are so many people coming down with MRSA who have not had recent contact with hospitals? Increasing evidence points to factory-scale hog facilities as a source. In a recent study, a team of researchers led by University of Iowa's Tara Smith found MRSA in 8.5 percent of pigs on conventional farms and no pigs on antibiotic-free farms. Meanwhile, a study just released by the journal JAMA Internal Medicine found that people who live near hog farms or places where hog manure is applied as fertilizer have a much greater risk of contracting MRSA. Former Mother Jones writer Sarah Zhang summed up the study like this for Nature:
The team analyzed cases of two different types of MRSA — community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), which affected 1,539 patients, and health-care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), which affected 1,335 patients. (The two categories refer to where patients acquire the infection as well as the bacteria's genetic lineages, but the distinction has grown fuzzier as more patients bring MRSA in and out of the hospital.) Then the researchers examined whether infected people lived near pig farms or agricultural land where pig manure was spread. They found that people who had the highest exposure to manure—calculated on the basis of how close they lived to farms, how large the farms were and how much manure was used—were 38% more likely to get CA-MRSA and 30% more likely to get HA-MRSA.
The team analyzed cases of two different types of MRSA — community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), which affected 1,539 patients, and health-care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), which affected 1,335 patients. (The two categories refer to where patients acquire the infection as well as the bacteria's genetic lineages, but the distinction has grown fuzzier as more patients bring MRSA in and out of the hospital.) Then the researchers examined whether infected people lived near pig farms or agricultural land where pig manure was spread. They found that people who had the highest exposure to manure—calculated on the basis of how close they lived to farms, how large the farms were and how much manure was used—were 38% more likely to get CA-MRSA and 30% more likely to get HA-MRSA.
In short, the meat industry's protestations aside, livestock production is emerging as a vital engine for the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Perhaps the scariest chart in the whole report is this one—showing that once we generate pathogens that can withstand all the antibiotics currently on the market, there are very few new antibiotics on the horizon that can fill the breach—the pharma industry just isn't investing in R&D for new ones.
Last year, the Food and Drug Administration rolled out proposed new rules for antibiotic uses on farms. At the time I found them wanting, because they include a massive loophole: They would phase out growth promotion as a legitimate use for antibiotics, but still accept disease prevention as a worthy reason for feeding them to animals. As I wrote at the time, "The industry can simply claim it's using antibiotics preventively and go on about its business—continuing to reap the benefits of growth promotion and continuing to menace public health by breeding resistance." To repeat the CDC's phrase from its new report, "These drugs should be only used to treat infections." Worse, the FDA's new rules would be purely voluntary, relying on the pharma and meat industries to self-regulate.
Nearly a year and a half later, the FDA still hasn't moved to initiate even that timid step in the right direction. Perhaps the CDC's blunt reckoning will provide sufficient motivation.
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Evisceration of turkey carcasses at slaughterhouse
Last week, amid chaos over Syria and the ongoing budget fight in Washington, the General Accountability Office released a report about a project dear to the US Department of Agriculture: proposed new rules that would slash the number of federal inspectors that oversee poultry kill lines, and allow those lines to speed up.
The report didn't make many waves in a stuffed-to-bursting news week—though the Washington Post's excellent Kimberly Kindy did her best to get the word out. But I hope the GAO's critique breaks the Obama administration's apparent zeal to push through the new inspection.
The fewer inspectors/faster line approach is the result of a long-running USDA pilot program called HACCP-based Inspection Models Project, or HIMP—one that, in a few select poultry plants, relies on antimicrobial sprays and company-paid inspections to maintain food safety, and deemphasizes the role of federal inspectors. The Bush Administration flirted with rolling out HIMP industry-wide in 2002, but pulled back. Evidently, Obama and his deregulatory-minded advisers couldn't resist it. They claim it would save the poultry industry—dominated by Tyson, Pilgrim's Pride (now mostly owned by JBS), Perdue, and Sanderson—more than $256 million per year by letting plants speed up production, and save the federal budget a piddling $30 million per year.
The USDA has insisted that the novel inspection regime would improve the safety of the chicken and turkey cranked out by industrial-scale slaughterhouses, but it has never made a convincing case on this score, nor answered disturbing questions raised by Food and Water Watch's analysis of documents it obtained under the Freedom of Information Act on the pilot plants. (I summarized FWW's findings here. Spoiler: "Company employees miss many defects in poultry carcasses. The inspection category that had the highest error rate was 'Other Consumer Protection 4' for dressing defects such as feathers, lungs, oil glands, trachea and bile still on the carcass.")
So what does the GAO report make of the USDA's justification for the new rules? The USDA has not "thoroughly evaluated the performance of each of its pilot projects over time, even though the agency stated it would do so when it announced the pilot projects," GAO complained. To justify its rollout, it used patchy and sometimes wildly outdated data. The USDA's analysis of the program relied on "snapshots of data for two 2-year periods instead of data for the duration of the pilot project, which has been ongoing for more than a decade." And in its 2012 cost-benefit analysis, the USDA relied on data from a 2001 survey of pilot poultry plants—and 20-plus-year-old data about economic conditions in the industry, the GAO states.
On the key question of whether the new system would actually improve food safety, as the USDA insists, the GAO says the department hasn't been transparent on how it came to that conclusion. "We were unable to determine if the results of [the USDA's] risk assessment accurately stated the public health benefits in the proposed rule because the risk assessment did not include sufficient detail about its methodology," the report states.
The GAO also chastises the USDA for applying its flawed assessment of the chicken pilot plants to turkey plants, even though "there is no report evaluating the pilot project at young turkey plants."
As for the workers who would have to conduct constant repetitive motions involving sharp knives and copious antimicrobial sprays, all under sped-up conditions, the GAO auditors weren't charged with assessing that aspect of the new plan. The report does state that faster line speeds raise "concerns" about worker safety. But as the Southern Poverty Law Center showed in a damning recent report, neither the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) nor the USDA has an explicit mandate to protect poultry workers from faster kill lines. This, even though at current speeds, poultry line workers "endure debilitating pain in their hands, gnarled fingers, chemical burns, and respiratory problems." For a 2013 report, inspectors from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health visited a South Carolina poultry plant to check out worker safety conditions at current lines speeds. They found that "most employees reported multiple musculoskeletal symptoms."
In short, the Obama administration has been pushing a deregulatory sop to a powerful industry based on a shoddy analysis—and one that largely omits the impact on workers of higher lines speeds. Indeed, of all the Obama administration's disappointing moves on agriculture policy—the appointment of agrichemical industry types to key policy positions, the approval of dodgy GMO crops, the failed attempts to stand up to the meat and seed industries—the most craven of all may be the aggressive push to make these changes.
And while the USDA, which is tasked with ensuring the safety of meat products, is spearheading the effort, there's never been any doubt about its origin: the White House. In January 2012, when the USDA first floated the proposal, the department noted in the Federal Register that "[t]his proposed rule is a result of the Agency's 2011 regulatory review efforts conducted under Executive Order 13563 on Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review." Executive Order 13563, issued by President Obama in January 2011, "orders government-wide review of the rules already on the books to remove outdated regulations that stifle job creation and make our economy less competitive," as the president himself put it in a Wall Street Journal op-ed at the time.
Not surprisingly, Big Chicken vigorously supports the proposed changes. Meanwhile, last week, a coalition of 15 worker-justice groups presented the USDA with a petition demanding that the agency move in the opposite direction with regard to line speeds at poultry plants: to slow them down to protect workers, not speed them up to please industry. That seems doubtful, though—in a blog post last week, Al Almanza, administrator of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, doubled down. "If finalized and implemented broadly, this new inspection system would enable FSIS to better fulfill our food safety mission," he insisted.
This article has been revised.
Newsflash, from a recent Public Radio International report: China's teeming factory meat farms have a drug problem. To make animals grow quickly under cramped, feces-ridden conditions, animals there get fed small, doses of antibiotics—creating ideal breeding grounds for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens that threaten people.
A research team led by scientists from China and Michigan State University recently found "diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms," as the title of the paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, put it. According to a recent analysis by a Beijing-based agribusiness consulting firm, more than half of total Chinese antibiotic consumption goes to livestock.
The trouble, of course, is that by scaling up and concentrating meat production and fueling the process with antibiotics, China's emerging meat industrialists are merely following the US model. It is shocking that half of China's antibiotic use takes places on farms—but here in the United States, livestock operations suck in a staggering 77 percent of total antibiotic use. It's worth reprinting this Pew Charitable Trust chart I dropped into a post on this topic in February:
Now, it's hard to compare the US and China numbers precisely. The ratio of farm-to-human use of antibiotics obviously tell us as much about trends in human antibiotic use as they do about farm use. As the chart above shows, US antibiotic consumption for medicinal purposes has held steady for a decade. Meanwhile, Time reported last year, per capita human antibiotic use is 10 times higher in China than in the United States, and "70 percent of inpatients at Chinese hospitals received antibiotics; the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum of 30 percent." So one reason a lower percentage of antibiotics go to farms in China is because so damned much is being used for human medicine there.
But there's no doubt that both nations are shoveling massive amounts of antibiotics into livestock farms—a trend that coincides with the industrialization and scaling up of those farms.
Take poultry. The following chart gives a good indication how the US poultry industry has been dramatically concentrated into fewer and fewer large operations. Note that as recently as 1950, 80 percent of US farms kept chickens—farms at that time tended to be diversified operations that mixed crops and livestock. Thereafter, the percentage of farms keeping a flock began to decline dramatically, and by 1992, less than 6 percent did. Meanwhile, of course, US chicken production was expanding dramatically, meaning those remaining chicken farms tended to be massive operations.
And here's one from the Pew Environment Group's blockbuster 2011 report "Big Chicken: Pollution and Industrial Poultry Production in America." Note that between 1950 and 2007, the number of US farms keeping chickens dropped by 98 percent, even as the total number of chickens produced increased by a factor of 15. (A a "brolier" is a chicken grown for meat rather than eggs.)
What caused the shift in 1950? One major factor was the introduction of routine antibiotics. As USDA researchers put it in this report, scientists in the 1940s and '50s discovered that small doses of antibiotics made animals grow faster. "Not only did antibiotics serve as growth stimulants, they had great value in disease control," the USDA report states. "This enabled flocks to be grown in confinement."
And this development, of course, helped give rise to the vertically integrated chicken industry we know today, dominated at the top by giant processing firms Tyson, Pilgrim's Pride (owned by the Brazilian meat giant JBS), and Perdue. These companies tightly concentrate what was once the nationally dispersed activity of chicken production—and the pollution it gives rise to—into a few Southeastern and mid-Atlantic states.
And Chinese environmental activists should read it closely, because something similar is afoot in China today. The nation still has lots and lots of small chicken producers—as in the mid-century United States, diversified operations featuring a mix of crops and livestock. But as the USDA recently reported, China is shifting toward "larger-sized and more standardized commercial [poultry] production," adding the following chart to illustrate. Note the slow erosion of small operations, and the explosive growth of ones featuring 100,000 or more birds.
So China appears to be where the United States was in the 1960s—early in the process of wiping out small poultry farms in favor of massive ones. Interestingly, the same US meat giant giant that spearheaded that process here, Tyson, is helping the process along in China, too. (See this classic 1994 New York Times piece on "How Tyson Became the Chicken King.")
According to its website, Tyson operates four large-scale poultry operations in the country, including a "fully integrated poultry complex with live production operations and processing capacity." Here's more:
The company operates the entire live production chain, including breeder production, hatchery, broiler and feed production. At Tyson Nantong, we've built modern farm and processing facilities according to our rigorous global food production standards.
The company operates the entire live production chain, including breeder production, hatchery, broiler and feed production. At Tyson Nantong, we've built modern farm and processing facilities according to our rigorous global food production standards.
According to a May article in the US trade publication WattAgNet, Tyson hopes to leverage recent avian-flu scares in China to increase its market share there:
Tyson Foods has implemented strong biosecurity measures to help quell these [avian flu] concerns. Tyson is continuing plans to develop its own growout houses in China, rather than buying birds from outside sources…
"We believe our modern methods and processes will make our chicken the preferred product and we'll be in a position to benefit in the long-term," said [Tyson Foods Chief Operating Officer Jim] Lochner.
Tyson Foods has implemented strong biosecurity measures to help quell these [avian flu] concerns. Tyson is continuing plans to develop its own growout houses in China, rather than buying birds from outside sources…
"We believe our modern methods and processes will make our chicken the preferred product and we'll be in a position to benefit in the long-term," said [Tyson Foods Chief Operating Officer Jim] Lochner.
Similar trends hold in pork—the US pork industry scaled up and industrialized hog production, driven in part by antibiotic-laced feed. US-grown retail pork routinely tests positive for antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
And now China is following suit. The recently proposed, still-pending sale of US pork giant Smithfield to the Chinese conglomerate Shuanghui has generated plenty of attention (including from me). But China has been steadily scaling up its own pork industry for a decade. Long before its proposed sellout to Shuanghui, Smithfield had a relationship with another sprawling Chinese food-processing company, Cofco. Back in 2008, Cofco bought 5 percent of Smithfield's shares, with the explicit goal goal of bringing US-style hog production techniques to China. "We hope we will learn from Smithfield its technology and management advantages in the production chain from livestock breeding to quarantine to consumer table," a Cofco spokesperson told Reuters at the time.
Meanwhile, Chinese pork farming is changing rapidly. As recently as 2001, an analysis by the Dutch bank Rabobank found about three-quarters of China's hogs came from small backyard operations. By 2010, that figure had fallen by half—and the percentage of its hog supply emerging from factory-like facilities tripled, reaching 15 percent.
All of which brings us back to that study by Chinese and Michigan State University researchers—the one that found "diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms." Can that be any surprise, given that China is transforming its meat production after the US model?
How to make an arid region bloom: irrigated farm plots (between 0.5 and 1 mile in diameter) over the High Plains Aquifer in western Kansas.
Like dot-com moguls in the '90s and real estate gurus in the 2000s, farmers in western Kansas are enjoying the fruits of a bubble: Their crop yields have been boosted by a gusher of soon-to-vanish irrigation water. That's the message of a new study by Kansas State University researchers. Drawing down their region's groundwater at more than six times the natural rate of recharge, farmers there have managed to become so productive that the area boasts "the highest total market value of agriculture products" of any congressional district in the nation, the authors note. Those products are mainly beef fattened on large feedlots; and the corn used to fatten those beef cows.
But they're on the verge of essentially sucking dry a large swath of the High Plains Aquifer, one of the United States' greatest water resources. The researchers found that 30 percent of the region's groundwater has been tapped out, and if present trends continue, another 39 percent will be gone within 50 years. As the water stock dwindles, of course, pumping what's left gets more and more expensive—and farming becomes less profitable and ultimately uneconomical. But all isn't necessarily lost. The authors calculate that if the region's farmers can act collectively and cut their water use 20 percent now, their farms would produce less and generate lower profits in the short term, but could sustain corn and beef farming in the area into the next century.
[Read more]
Meatpacking giant Tyson recently grabbed headlines when it announced it would no longer buy and slaughter cows treated with a growth-enhancing drug called Zilmax, made by pharma behemoth Merck. Tyson made the move based on "animal well-being" concerns, it told its cattle suppliers in a letter, adding that "there have been recent instances of cattle delivered for processing that have difficulty walking or are unable to move." According to the Wall Street journal, Zilmax (active ingredient: zilpaterol hydrochloride) and similar growth promotors are banned in the European Union, China, and Russia.
The news sent shock waves through the beef industry. Merck denied any problems with its drug but announced it would temporarily suspend sales of Zilmax in the United States and Canada pending a "scientific audit" of the product, which generated $159 million in US and Canadian sales in 2012, Merck added. Soon after, Tyson rivals JBS, Cargill, and National Beefpacking announced that they, too, would stop accepting Zilmax-treated cattle for slaughter, pending Merck's review.
Together, Tyson, JBS, Cargill, and National slaughter and pack more than 80 percent of the beef cows raised in the United States, according to University of Missouri researcher Mary Hendrickson (PDF). If they stick to their refusal to buy cows treated with the drug, it's hard to see how Zilmax has a future on America's teeming cattle feedlots. Is the US beef industry turning away from the practice of turning to drugs to fatten its cattle?
Not so fast. Rather than wean themselves from growth promoters, the companies that produce cows to supply the likes of Tyson and JBS are instead shifting rapidly to a rival beta-agonist, this one from pharma giant Eli Lilly, called Optaflexx. The suspension of Zilmax sales has caused such a "surge in demand" for rival Optaflexx that "Lilly is telling some new customers it cannot immediately supply them," Reuters reported.
Ever since May, when a Chinese company agreed to buy US pork giant Smithfield, reportedly with an eye toward ramping up US pork imports to China, I've been looking into the simultaneously impressive and vexed state of China's food production system. In short, I've found that in the process of emerging as the globe's manufacturing center—the place that provides us with everything from the simplest of brooms to the smartest of phones—China has severely damaged its land and water resources, compromising its ability to increase food production even as its economy thunders along (though it's been a bit less thunderous lately), its population grows (albeit slowly), and its people gain wealth, move up the food chain, and demand ever-more meat.
Now, none of that should detract from the food miracle that China has enacted since it began its transformation into an industrial powerhouse in the late 1970s. This 2013 report from the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) brims with data on this feat. The nation slashed its hunger rate—from 20 percent of its population in 1990 to 12 percent today —by quietly turbocharging its farms. China's total farm output, a broad measure of food churned out, has tripled since 1978. The ramp-up in livestock production in particular is even more dizzying—it rose by a factor of five. Overall, China's food system represents a magnificent achievement: It feeds nearly a quarter of the globe's people on just 7 percent of its arable land.
Darnell lives deep in the basement of a life sciences building at the University of California-Berkeley, in a plastic tub on a row of stainless steel shelves. He is an African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, sometimes called the lab rat of amphibians. Like most of his species, he's hardy and long-lived, an adept swimmer, a poor crawler, and a voracious eater. He's a good breeder, too, having produced both children and grandchildren. There is, however, one unusual thing about Darnell.
He's female.
Darnell lives deep in the basement of a life sciences building at the University of California-Berkeley, in a plastic tub on a row of stainless steel shelves. He is an African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, sometimes called the lab rat of amphibians. Like most of his species, he's hardy and long-lived, an adept swimmer, a poor crawler, and a voracious eater. He's a good breeder, too, having produced both children and grandchildren. There is, however, one unusual thing about Darnell.
He's female.
Thus began Dashka Slater's feature in the Jan./Feb. 2012 Mother Jones on Tyrone Hayes, the University of California/Berkeley biologist who has done groundbreaking research suggesting that atrazine, a widely used herbicide, can literally change frogs' gender, even at at tiny exposure levels—a finding atrazine's maker, Swiss agrichemical giant Syngenta, vigorously denies. This week, Darnell and other frogs under Hayes' care have suffered another indignity, according to Hayes: he reportedly told The Chronicle of Higher Education (paywall-protected) that the university has cut off funding for his Berkeley lab. "We're dead in the water," Hayes told the Chronicle. He is now without funds "needed to pay for basic functional operations, such as the care of test animals," the magazine reports. The university denies it has taken any action to defund Hayes—a spokesperson "suggested the possibility that he simply ran out of money," the Chronicle reports.
Dead Sea scrolls: In the red part, "habitats that would normally be teeming with life become, essentially, biological deserts," NOAA says.
First, the good news: The annual "dead zone" that smothers much of the northern Gulf of Mexico—caused by an oxygen-sucking algae bloom mostly fed by Midwestern farm runoff—is smaller this year than scientists had expected. In the wake of heavy spring rains, researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had been projecting 2013's fish-free region of the Gulf to be at least 7,286 square miles and as large as 8,561 square miles—somewhere between the size of New Jersey on the low end to New Hampshire on the high end. Instead, NOAA announced, it has clocked in at 5,840 square miles—a bit bigger than Connecticut. It's depicted in the above graphic.
Now, for the bad news: This year's "biological desert" (NOAA's phrase) is much bigger than last year's, below, which was relatively tiny because Midwestern droughts limited the amount of runoff that made it into the Gulf. At about 2,900 square miles, the 2012 edition measured up to be about a third as large as Delaware.
Smaller than expected though it may be, this year's model is still more than twice as large as NOAA's targeted limit of less than 2,000 square miles. Here's how recent dead zones stack up—note that the NOAA target has been met only once since 1990. Low years, like 2012 and 2009, tend to marked by high levels of drought, and high years, like 2008, by heavy rains and flooding.
Why such massive annual dead zones? It's a matter of geography and concentration and intensification of fertilizer-dependent agriculture. Note that an enormous swath of the US landmass—41 percent of it—drains into the Mississippi River basin, as shown below. It's true that even under natural conditions, a river that captures as much drainage as the Mississippi is going to deliver some level of nutrients to the sea, which in turn will generate at least some algae. But when US Geological Survey researchers looked at the fossil record in 2006, they found that major hypoxia events (the technical name for dead zones) were relatively rare until around 1950—and have been increasingly common ever since. The mid-20th century is also when farmers turned to large-scale use of synthetic fertilizers. Now as much a part of Mississippi Delta life as crawfish boils, the Gulf dead zone wasn't even documented as a phenomenon until 1972, according to NOAA.
The very same land mass that drains into the Gulf is also the site of an enormous amount of agriculture. The vast majority of US corn production—which uses titanic amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, the two main nutrients behind the dead zone—occurs there.
The region is also where we shunt much of our factory-scale meat farms. This Food and Water Watch map depicts concentration of beef cow, dairy, hog, chicken, and egg farms—the redder, the more concentrated.
Big Ag interests like to deflect blame for the annual dead zone, claiming that other factors, like runoff from lawns and municipal sewage, drive it. But the US Geological Service has traced flows of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Gulf, and there's no denying the link to farming. "In total, agricultural sources contribute more than 70 percent of the nitrogen and phosphorus delivered to the Gulf, versus only 9 to 12% from urban sources," the USGS reports.
The Gulf of Mexico isn't the only water body that bears the brunt of our concentrated ag production. Much of the eastern edge of the Midwest drains into the Great Lakes, not the Gulf. And they, too, are experiencing fertilizer-fed algae blooms—particularly Lake Erie. The below satellite image depicts the record-setting, oxygen-depleting bloom that smothered much of Lake Erie in 2011, which peaked at 2,000 square miles (about Delaware-size). "That's more than three times larger than any previously observed Lake Erie algae bloom, including blooms that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, when the lake was famously declared dead," a University of Michigan report found. The culprit: severe storms in the spring, plus "agricultural practices that provide the key nutrients that fuel large-scale blooms."
Then there's the Chesapeake Bay region, site of a stunning concentration of factory-scale chicken facilities (Food and Water Watch map)…
…and a massive annual dead zone. "Livestock manure and poultry litter account for about half of the nutrients entering the Chesapeake Bay," the Chesapeake Bay Program reports:
All of which raises the question: Are dead zones inevitable, a sacrifice necessary to feeding a nation of 300 million people? Turns out, not so much. A 2012 Iowa State University study found that by simply adding one or two crops to the Midwest's typical corn-soy crop rotation, farmers would reduce their synthetic nitrogen fertilizer needs by 80 percent, while staying just as productive. And instead of leaving fields bare over winter, they could plant them with cover crops—a practice that, according to the US Department of Agriculture, "greatly reduces soil erosion and runoff" (among many other ecological benefits)—meaning cleaner streams, rivers, and ultimately, lakes, bays, and gulfs. Moreover, when animals are rotated briskly through pastures—and not crammed into factorylike structures where their manure accumulates into a dramatic waste problem—they, too, can contribute to healthy soil that traps nutrients, protecting waterways from runoff.
Farro gear
I fell in love with farro, an ancient relative of wheat, more than 10 years ago at the venerable Brooklyn restaurant Al di La. The puffed little kernels formed the basis of a chilled salad, tossed with arugula and tomatoes. The farro was light yet nutty, substantial yet melt-in-your-mouth tender, and it merged beautifully with the other ingredients, like some kind of Platonic ideal of pasta. Then I encountered it in similar form several times in a trip across Italy working on organic farms, mostly in the northern states of Umbria and Tuscany.
I returned to the United States in the throes of a full-blown farro obsession, determined to make it part of my repertoire. By then I had moved out of New York City and was living on a small farm in rural North Carolina, far from any fancy-food emporia. Online research seemed to suggest that what we call spelt in the United States is identical to Italy's farro. So I embraced spelt berries, which I could find at the local health food store. Results were more or less dismal. Even after long soaking and hours of cooking, something almost always seemed off: The kernels would be either way too chewy, deplorably mushy, or, paradoxically, both. In time, I learned that true farro (also called emmer) and spelt are indeed distinct, but by then I had ceased to care. I had moved on to other obsessions. (Somewhat childishly, I exacted my revenge against spelt in this 2011 April Fool's piece. I should note that spelt flour is an excellent thing, especially for nonyeasted baked goods like biscuits and cookies).
Remember that proposed US Department of Agriculture plan to speed up kill lines at factory-scale poultry slaughterhouses, and cut way back on the number of USDA inspectors to oversee them?
Part of the proposed plan involves allowing the poultry companies to ramp up the antimicrobial sprays they aim at bird carcasses as they zoom along the kill line—a chemical fix to the problem of the various pathogens, often antibiotic-resistant, that are commonly found on chicken, including salmonella and campylobacter. A recent Washington Post story by Kimberly Kindy delivers an ominous taste of what this chemical deluge could mean for both the safety of the chicken you eat and that of the workers who prep it for you.
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text: The hotel is located near a highway exit, however of the quality of sleep is good. Friendly staff especially the front desk person when I arrived. The rooms are definitely not new, but still offer enough in terms of cleanliness and space. The breakfast area a bit simple also open to non-hotel guests. The restaurant is not bad and the... More

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1909 25C PR65+ Cameo PCGS. CAC....
2013 June 5 - 9 US Coin Signature Auction - Long Beach #1186
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1909 Quarter, Cameo PR65+1909 25C PR65+ Cameo PCGS. CAC. Frosty motifs rise in nearly full definition above the glassy fields. This Gem is virtually brilliant but has a few minute flecks of aqua-blue patina on the lower right obverse quadrant. One tiny flan imperfection is beneath OF. Just 650 proofs were coined. Population: 12 in 65 (1 in 65+) Cameo, 17 finer (4/13).(Registry values: N2998) (PCGS# 85695)
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URO Performs… Jesus Christ Superstar
BUY TICKETS to the Rock Opera That Changed the World NOW!!
Friday & Saturday, Nov 6th & 7th and 13th & 14th at 8pm; Sunday Nov 8th at 2pm
Back By Popular Demand for 2 Weekends Only!
All Seats Will Be Reserved
MID-ORCHESTRA FRONT or BACK: $27.50 - $32.50
This Regent Events logo means savings for Regent Members.
Seat Price Without Membership:
$37.50 ALL SECTIONS of Preferred Orchestra First Level Seating ( Rows A - E )
$32.50 ALL SECTIONS Mid-Orchestra FRONT Seating ( Rows H & I )
$27.50 ALL SECTIONS Mid-Orchestra REAR Seating ( Rows K & L )
$22.50 ALL SECTIONS REAR Orchestra Seating ( Rows N & O )
$32.50 FRONT ROW BALCONY ( Row AA )
$25.00 ALL SECTIONS of the REAR BALCONY ( Rows BB - FF )
Discounts are available for Seniors and Students (under-18 years)
Call the Box Office (781.646.4849) for Group Rates
Friday, November 6th at 8pm CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS NOW
Saturday, November 7th at 8pm CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS NOW
Sunday, November 8th at 2pm CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS NOW
Friday, November 13th at 8pm CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS NOW
Saturday, November 14th at 8pm CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS NOW
Dinner and a Show is NOW AVAILABLE
The Regent Theatre's Exclusive Dinner and a Show Package is now available for this performance
With one purchase you'll get a fabulous 3-course dinner at one of four local restaurants and a ticket to the show:
Flora Restaurant ( 190 Massachusetts Ave., Arlington, MA TEL: 781.641.1664)
Tango Restaurant ( 464 Massachusetts Ave., Arlington, MA TEL: 781.443.9000 )
Menotomy Grill & Tavern ( 25 Massachusetts Ave, Arlington, MA TEL: 781.648.1775 )
Acitron Restaurant ( 473 Massachusetts Ave, Arlington, MA TEL: 781.777.2839 )
*All seats (Preferred Orchestra, Center Orchestra, Left & Right Orchestra and Balcony) are available for this fabulous Dinner and a Show offer!
Please call the box office at 781-646-4849 to order your Dinner and a Show tickets and for Pricing.
*Generally this valued offer is $50.00 but preferred seating and premier performances such as Jesus Christ Superstar will be at a higher price than $50.00.
Call the Regent Theatre Box Office at: 781.646.4849 for information and tickets today!
Sunday show is a Benefit for Peer Servants.
$5.00 from every ticket to Sunday's performance will be donated to Peer Servants.
SEE AND HEAR A TASTE OF URO'S "Jesus Christ Superstar"!
Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Jesus Christ Superstar" changed the face of musical theater when it debuted on Broadway in 1971 with Chart-topping songs such as "Superstar," "Everything's Alright" and "I Don't Know How to Love Him.". Now the Ultrasonic Rock Orchestra (URO)—a huge,10-vocalist rock band—brings its version of the rock opera that changed the world to the Regent stage. It's a full-on contemporary rock 'n' roll spectacle, complete with epic lighting, thunderous sound—and not a robe or sandal in sight.
This live performance is the natural offshoot of the Ultrasonic Rock Orchestra's first studio recording, "Jesus Christ Superstar—A 21st Century Tribute to the Brown Album" recorded a decade ago, born out of the URO co-founder's mutual admiration of this classic rock opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice — first recorded in 1970 with Ian Gillan of Deep Purple singing "Jesus" (the fabled "Brown Album.")
Now, by popular demand, for the second time on the Regent stage, the URO will perform the 26-song hit epic in its entirety as you've never heard nor seen it before.
About Peer Servants
Peer Servants' vision is to enable tens of thousands of the materially poor and non-poor to experience economic, social, and spiritual transformation. We are a group of primarily volunteers who partner with indigenous, autonomous micro-finance institutions in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean. These institutions empower the materially poor through micro-enterprise development wherein small businesses are established that can provide for individuals, families, churches, and communities. Our micro-finance partners and the micro-entrepreneurs they serve are used by God to add meaning and fulfillment to our own lives. The transformation we seek is not only for them, but for us as well.


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HTML5 in the browser: Canvas, video, audio, and graphics
Where Chrome, Firefox, IE, Opera, and Safari stand on HTML5 Canvas, HTML5 video, SVG, and WebGL
The five characters HTML5 are now an established buzzword, found everywhere on the Web and often given top billing in slides, feature lists, and other places where terms du jour congregate. Nonprogrammers who must either manage or work with programmers are even beginning to pick up the term. Just two days ago, someone who can't manage a TV remote explained that he was sure his company's Web presence would be much better because they were using HTML5.
The five characters are in reality just the name of a document that isn't even finished. The W3C, whose job it is to build standard-setting descriptions of Web technology, has been contemplating the fifth version of the HTML standard for almost seven years. The latest HTML5 draft may finally become official in 2022, at least according to Ian Hickson, one of the authors who works for Google.
[ HTML5 will spawn richer, more sophisticated websites while also easing development. See InfoWorld's "How HTML5 will change the Web" and "How to use HTML5 on your website today." ]
That is clearly too far in the future for many bosses and potential clients, who've put the HTML5 buzzword on their checklist. The good news is that most modern browsers have implemented a solid collection of the features, and it's quite possible to put HTML5 to work on your site for users are equipped with the latest browsers.
The biggest questions center on the newest technologies entering the standard. Many of these have been around for several years in various forms in various browsers, but now that the standard is coalescing, the major browsers are all lining up in support.
The new features can roughly be split into four major areas:
- Flashy new presentation tools. The pun is intended, as the new layers will make it easier for designers to create slicker graphical extravaganzas with a collection of tags. The
<canvas>tags go a long way to replacing Adobe's Flash.
- Data layer. Web pages once required a connection to the Web. The new tools for handling data are turning Web pages from display mechanisms for distant servers into stand-alone software applications that store data without a Web connection.
- Other tidbits. A surprisingly large number of little ideas are bunching under the umbrella of HTML5, even if they're not in the official specification. New tools for using geolocation information and better organizing the presentation of data are all included.
- Little fixes to old approaches. The browsers have never handled every detail in uniform ways. The HTML5 standard cleans up some of the differences.
This article is the first of a series exploring how the browsers and developers are working toward HTML5, beginning with the new opportunities in the presentation layer.
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- Publisher: 505 Games
- Release Date: Mar 26, 2009
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ALDI Cashier Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at ALDI
- District Manager (116)
- Cashier (75)
- District Manager Trainee (54)
- Store Manager (31)
- Store Manager Trainee (26)
- Manager Trainee (20)
- Aldi District Manager (20)
- District Manager Intern (17)
- Area Manager (15)
- Shift Manager (11)
- Store Associate (10)
- District Manager Inter (8)
- Shift Manager/Cashier (8)
- Store Assistant (6)
- Assistant Manager (4)
- Retail Assistant (4)
- Cashier/Associate (4)
- Graduate Area Manager (3)
- Manager (3)
- Cashier/Shift Manager (3)
- Industrial Placement (3)
- Sales Associate/Cashier (3)
- Warehouse Selector (3)
- Order Selector (3)
- Shop Assistant (2)
- Store Manager In Training (2)
- Manager In Training (2)
- Associate (2)
- Internship (2)
75 Candidate Interview Reviews Back to all InterviewsSort: Popular Date Difficulty
Helpful (47)
Cashier Interview
I applied in-person. The process took a week – interviewed at ALDI (Atlanta, GA) in April 2015.
Very fast signed the application talked to an interviewer ask me my experience my current job and what location I would like to work for got a second interview within a week
Interview Questions
- How well do you know about the position you applied for Answer Question
Other Interview Reviews for ALDI
Helpful (3)
Cashier InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 2 weeks – interviewed at ALDI.
The beginning process was at a job fair where you fill out the application and then turn it in once you are finished. They interview you on the spot in front of everyone asking basic questions I guess to get a feel for your demeanor and whether you will be called back in a few days for real interview.
Interview Questions
- There wasn't any difficult questions Answer Question
Helpful (5)
Cashier InterviewNo OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied through other source. The process took 1 day – interviewed at ALDI (Patchogue, NY) in March 2015.
Interviewer watched from the store, as I walked up. Greeted me and asked for my completed application. If I did not download one he would have me fill it out there.
Interview Questions
- This is a fast paced job can you lift 45 pounds? 1 Answer
Helpful (18)
Cashier InterviewNo OfferNeutral ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person – interviewed at ALDI in July 2014.
Open Interview, showed up 15 minutes early, resume and application in hand, dressed in a suit. Interviewer was in a full suit. Of the 8 or so that were early, I was the only one that was prepared, and not dressed in shorts/jeans and tank top/tshirt and flip flops. Ad specifically asked for application to be filled out prior. "Interview" lasted less than two minutes. Introduction, Can you work 40 hours?, Did you graduate high school? Do you have transportation? and can you lift over 40lbs? Answer yes, to all. "Great well it looks like you are qualified, We will be calling for interviews this evening" and that was it. Next guy after me was out the door before i was able to get to my car.
Helpful (11)
Cashier InterviewAccepted OfferEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 3+ months – interviewed at ALDI in July 2014.
Three interviews total which I thought was a little bit overkill. I submitted an in person written application with my own printed one attached. I got a call, came in and talked with the DM. Then another in person with the manager, and a final with the DM. Three months it took for the entire process!! I was shocked when they initially called me because it had been so long. Drug test and background checked followed.
Interview Questions
- The questions were very simple but they want to know everything about your history professionally, from your first ever job to present. Answer Question
Helpful (8)
Cashier InterviewNo OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 3 weeks – interviewed at ALDI (Philadelphia, PA) in July 2014.
Applied in June 2014 in person, I printed out an application and brought it in with my resume. I walked around the supermarket for a while and observed the workers for a bit just to get a sense of the environment and where I could possibly be working. I talked to the supervisor about the job and responsibilities as well as another employee about the hours and if my application looks good to turn in. I got called in for an interview about 3 week later which was held in the supermarket. It was a 2:1 interview with the district manager and an intern from a college.
The interview process went better then expected it didn't feel like an interview more like a conversation every time I got the chance I threw some questions in there or gave little comments about things that were said to me to let them know I am paying attention. They started off the interview by saying they are not looking for the perfect person just a perfect fit in the store. I brought a little notebook and pencil that I had on my lap during the interview. The day before I researched some of their interview questions and wrote them down with the answers in the back of the book just in case and I also listed about 10 questions I wanted to ask which was good because during the interview some of them were answered but I still had something to work with. While they where looking at my resume I gave them an updated version including work and academic programs I participated in. In total it took about 30 minutes and they showed some interest in my School and major/minor and what I want to do with it, I would say interaction is really important they should not be the only ones talking and every answer should have an explanation so they can continue to see who you really are.
They said to give them a week to call back and if I get called for another interview they would have scenarios for me and a general run down of what they would want me to do and how they expect to act.
Interview Questions
- Explain a situation where you had to deal with a difficult person? 1 Answer
- With your major, what do you see yourself doing or what do you want to do with it? 1 Answer
- Why should we hire you? 1 Answer
- If we were to call your last employer what would they say about you? What would they rate your performance? 1 Answer
Helpful (11)
Cashier InterviewNo OfferNegative ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 2 weeks – interviewed at ALDI (Memphis, TN) in June 2014.
Background: I'm a 25 year-old single woman with years of work experience in physical jobs, and administrative support roles. I relocated to Memphis to finish school, and I just wanted a part-time job for spending money.
I went to an Aldi Hiring event at one of the locations. Be sure to fill out an application in advance, and get there early because the line was out of the door when I left. One of the hiring managers just asked a few basic questions about our abilities and availability before taking our applications and advising that she would call.
I received a call that afternoon to come in for an interview the following week. The interview consisted of routine questions, and it placed a lot of emphasis on the amount of physical work associated with the position. I explained that I had UPS experience, so it wouldn't be an issue, but they kept harping on the physical demands. She actually said "Picture the hardest, most physically demanding job you have ever had, and multiply it by 10." That is NOT how you should sell a job. It was almost like they were purposely trying to turn me away from it.
A day after that interview, I was called in to meet with the regional manager at a store on the opposite side of town. He was very rushed and distracted during the interview, and asked if I thought I could handle the physical requirements. They were the exact same questions that I answered in the previous interview. I felt like I wasted my time and my gas mileage by going there, and I left the interview not caring if I received an offer or not.
I didn't receive an offer, and I think it may be due to the fact that I look over-qualified on paper. I wouldn't know since they didn't have the decency to call.
Interview Questions
- "Assume that I asked you to set up a display, and you did it wrong. I tell you that you have done it wrong, so you will have to do it over. I come back, and its still wrong. What would you do?" 1 Answer
Helpful (12)
Cashier InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 1 day – interviewed at ALDI.
Went to a hiring event at one of the stores. They asked if I have any experience working with money. They asked me to come back in 2 hrs for the 2nd interview. Got hired that same day.
Interview Questions
- What are your weaknesses? 1 Answer
no negotiation
Cashier InterviewAccepted OfferNegative ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 3 weeks – interviewed at ALDI (Akron, OH) in June 2014.
Took two interviews
one with the district nut. And one with store manager
very casual at interview
they ask you about your previous work history
they interview you at the aldi store in the break room
the interviewers were very polite and honest they let me ask a lot of questions
Interview Questions
- Why do you want to work for aldi Answer Question
Helpful (8)
Cashier InterviewNo OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 6 days – interviewed at ALDI (Danville, KY) in April 2014.
Saw an ad for a hiring event at a local ALDI so I went out, brought my resume and ALDI app. Started 11:30 AM there were about 20 people there by the time it started (with more coming in). Just handed the resume and app to the store manager since the actual hiring manager wasn't there yet, everyone went in a line and took about 3 minutes to answer her questions whether they'd be available, able to lift 50 pds etc. Got a call the next afternoon asking to come in for an interview several days later at 8:30 AM. Showed up, there were only 10-12 people there this time. We all got a tour with the general manager around the store, in the freezer/backroom. Then when back up front and all got 2:1 interviews with the hiring manager and the GM. Asked basic questions, got reminded a lot that there's only two people in the store at a shift, and that you'd basically be doing everything.
Interview Questions
- How would you handle a difficult situation? 1 Answer
Is this helpful? The community relies on everyone sharing – Add Anonymous Interview Review


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1866 G$1 PR64 Ultra Cameo NGC....
2013 July 11 - 14 US Coins Signature Auction - Orlando #1187
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Orange County Convention Center
9800 International Drive
Orlando, FL 32819
|Printable auction results for all items in the 2013 July 11 - 14 US Coins Signature Auction - Orlando.
1866 Gold Dollar, PR64 Ultra Cameo1866 G$1 PR64 Ultra Cameo NGC. Fewer than 20 proof gold dollars of 1866 are thought to still exist from a reported mintage of 30 pieces. NGC and PCGS have certified about 40 specimens, meaning that many represent resubmissions or more than 20 were in fact struck. In any event, the present near-Gem Ultra Cameo displays stunning gold-on black contrast and exquisitely struck design features. Both sides have been very well cared for. Census: 1 in 64 Ultra Cameo, 8 finer (6/13).(Registry values: P5) (PCGS# 97616)
Stunning Field-Motif Contrast
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Labour MPs revolt over 42 day detention
Guardian survey finds strong resistance to bill extending terror custody powers
After the tears and the triumphs, Hillary's last stand
Front page
Rules change for soldier princes
The story is part of the shifting relationship between monarchy, media, armed forces, public and political class. By Antony Beevor
A right royal coup - how the MoD won over the media
From hooray to hero
UK news p4
Supermarket alcohol price 'fix' to curb binge drinkers
Agency scraps use of plastic bags for Whitehall promotions
Winehouse will not face charges
Police have cleared Grammy winner Amy Winehouse of any involvement in a case for which her husband Blake Fielder-Civil has been on remand in jail since November
UK news p6
Roundabout reinvention from Chanel
After 25 years at the label, Karl Lagerfeld has become dazzlingly good at endlessly reinventing
Anger over peer's 'sex and booze' nurses slur
A Tory peer who branded nurses 'grubby, drunken and promiscuous' during a Lords debate faces a backlash
UK news p7
Labour security no great advert for politics
Michael White: Security for Labour's spring gathering put a damper on Birmingham's otherwise thriving city centre
Families issue appeal to Iraqi kidnappers
Move follows the release of video which apparently showed one of the hostages pleading for his life
UK news p9
Plague Over England
The notorious arrest of John Gielgud in a public toilet is sensitively used to examine hypocrisy over homosexuality, says Michael Billington
Judgment day for BBC's premiere of the Passion
Leading clerics attend screening of Christ story to be screened on BBC1 this Easter. By Riazat Butt
Thou shalt not offend anyone: BBC's Jesus is nice but dull
Vicar of Putney Giles Fraser on The Passion, the BBC's Easter primetime offering
UK news p10
Ministers fret over detention vote as loyalists grapple with conscience
Backbenchers ready to defeat Brown over plans to detain terror suspects without charge for up to 42 days
Scourge of the MP's tea break
UK news p12
New wave protesters target airport expansion
University educated campaigners are learning lessons from Swampy and the 1990s road protests
UK news p13
FAQ: Jersey child abuse inquiry
UK news p15
Don't laugh, sugar pills are the future
Bad Science: Do cultural factors, like our collective faith in a treatment, have a measurable effect on the benefits?
UK news p16
Ex-Islamists start moderate thinktank
Two former Islamists launch Muslim thinktank to improve relations with the west
Crane smashes through roof of luxury home
Construction crane smashed through the roof of a newly-built luxury home in Broadstairs, Kent
UK news p17
Targeting the young
Simon Hoggart: The target culture continues to destroy our tradition of public service
UK news p18
Carter, Clarkson and Booth are among guests making Hay
Former US president Jimmy Carter, Top Gear presenter Jeremy Clarkson, and Cherie Booth QC among first time guests at this year's Hay Festival
Airport's terminal tenants with no plane to catch
Up to 30 of the UK's hidden homeless seek refuge in Gatwick every night
UK news p19
Kremlin accused of fixing presidential poll
International p20
Malaria drug off market over side-effect fears
Drug once lauded as offering new hope for Africa withdrawn by the British manufacturer
US prisons hit new high: 1 in 100 adults jailed
Incarcerations pushing the budgets of several states to breaking point, a report warns
International p21
India pledges £7.6bn to combat rural suicides
Speculation over imminent election as government plans to write off small farmers' debts
Ayia Napa bans British soldiers over bar brawls
Mayor is to ban squaddies setting foot in the town - though officers will still be welcome
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Pioneering model found dead in Seine
Drowning suspected after month-long disappearance of 47-year-old who campaigned to end female circumcision
International p27
Chemical Ali to be executed within 30 days, Iraq confirms
Notorious orchestrator of the mass murder of Kurdish civilians in the 1980s, to be hanged
Turkey pulls out troops but says more raids possible
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Cheap and efficient: capital's new subway route
Subway route and airport part of construction projects to impress visitors to the Beijing 2008 Olympic games
Provinces pay price for green Olympics
Millions of gallons of water are being diverted to Beijing from areas hit by drought
International p29
Israeli minister warns of Holocaust for Gaza if violence continues
International p30
The great quake of '08
Saturday p31
Land of ordinary bricks, heaps of dust and ancient clay
The closure of the last brickworks in Bedfordshire has attracted little cultural attention
Saturday section p32
James Lovelock: 'enjoy life while you can: in 20 years global warming will hit the fan'
Saturday section p33
It's no slur to be called a Muslim
Naomi Klein: The turban photos affair was a missed chance for Obama. If he really is to repair the world, he must tackle this Islamophobia
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Intimations of mortality
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Derek Niemann: Bedfordshire
Royal retreat
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Free to vote for the right man
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Editorials & reply p36
Cycle of violence
Letter: When 64% of Israelis are calling for their government to negotiate with Hamas ... where is the conscience of British Jewry?
Attacks on GM crops are indefensible
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Threats will backfire at the ballot box
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Hands-on Italians
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Perfectly formed
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Letters: It was a bad deal for the media and the prince, who seems only to want to be an ordinary soldier
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Editorials & reply p37
Rank takeover 'inevitable' after it sells off pension plan
Transfer of pension scheme makes company a more attractive target for potential buyers
HSBC in talks to sell French branches
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New data fuels house price fears
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Beauty fairs boom
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'We are in uncharted waters'
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Tavener's Requiem
Metropolitan Cathedral, Liverpool
Mixed Bill
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Alicia Keys
National Indoor Arena, Birmingham
Reviews p42
Anthony Blond
Obituary: A maverick publisher, he took a rollercoaster ride through the late 20th century
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Questions, questions
Should I be paid for working yesterday? | Do record labels need A&R people? | Why are more women over 40 having babies?


text:
Offered is a 1971 Buick "boattail" Riviera. Buick only made this style for three years with 1971 being the first year the style was... More
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Own this beautiful Vintage car at an affordable price that will cruise every day, all day long on the highways at modern speed limits... More
This is a very clean, very original European specification "early" 1985 model 944 (mfg Oct 1984). Beautiful body. No rust. Not driven... More
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when your fucking a girl for the first time and her vagina bleeds, so you gather up the blood and put it on sandwhich meat and cut it then eat it.
andy- she was a virgin so i decided to do a good old fashion butcher
by fARtbucket February 04, 2012
Very heavy period, menstruation
I'd love to go swimming, but the butcher is visiting.
by Alpha's Wife January 30, 2008
A woman who puts out early and often- one who handles a lot of meat.
"Dude, that girl is totally checking me out"
"Naw, she's a butcher- she's handled more meat than Jack the Ripper"
"Naw, she's a butcher- she's handled more meat than Jack the Ripper"
by FireCrotch5 July 07, 2009
A gay male, due to the fact that he takes meat in the back door.
That Adam lad's a right butcher, i heard he takes sausages in the back door all the time.
Yeah he's a quare bufty-bum-basher alright!
Yeah he's a quare bufty-bum-basher alright!
by Daniel Shipley February 11, 2009
a place where they chop up dead animals
i'm going to get some beef from the butchers
by Jonathan November 20, 2003
a scrub that loves men, i mean its like CRAZY. You cannot be cool with butchers...
dude that kis is a butcher
by Butassssaa August 26, 2006


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News & Events
November 18, 2014
To celebrate the rediscovery of Carmenere 20 years ago, Wines of Chile will launch #CarmenereDay on November 24th. Wines of Chile #CarmenereDay includes a Twitter Chat from 9-10PM EST, that includes a sweepstakes with Riedel and Coravin to drive engagement. In addition to the participation of Master Sommelier Fred Dexheimer, several wine and lifestyle bloggers will […]
Decanter highlights Chilean Syrah
November 5, 2014
The renowned British wine publication, Decanter, dedicated an 8 page special to Chilean Syrah in their October edition, highlighting the increasing quality and new styles of Chilean Syrah emerging. Syrah has been one of the most exciting varieties to be working with in Chile over the last decade, in particular in the cooler climate zones. […]
12th AWOCA
October 6, 2014
Influential personalities from the wine sector will be invited to participate in this event, which has been a success in terms of disseminating information about Chilean wines abroad. This year the contest will be held in Sao Paulo, Brasil, where experts from this market will be responsible for determining, by stock category and price, the best exponents of the […]
October 6, 2014
Wines of Chile will invite 20 of the most important Canadian and North american journalists to explore Patagonia onboard a private ship, where they will navigate the world's southernmost fjords and discover Chile through its wine, gastronomy, magical landscapes and millon-year-old glaciers. When: Nov 7th – 10th


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Hong Kong
Restaurants in Hong Kong
This city has experienced a culinary explosion and today the glut of excellent restaurants in Hong Kong can feel overwhelming. There are sleek top-floor spots with stunning city views to noisy, hole-in-the-wall noodle joints, and everything in between. One of the best restaurants in Hong Kong is the Chairman, but be sure to make reservations at least three weeks in advance. Thanks to discreet vibe, outstanding food, and reasonable prices, tables book quickly. More casual restaurants are now preparing dishes to rival those of their fancier peers. One of the best is On Lot 10, a small, unassuming French restaurant whose chef has worked alongside Alain Ducasse and prefers to shop at local markets for the seasonal ingredients he uses to prepare his dishes. But there are enough Hong Kong restaurants that everyone can find something they love to eat, whether it's Korean, Thai, Vietnamese, or Indian. Our recommendation? Stick with classic Chinese.
Even if you arrive well before the 10 a.m. opening, the line will already stretch out the door. Persevere: it leads to the city's lightest barbecued-pork buns and most supple rice-flour rolls.
This convention center–size favorite is still everything you want: bustle, extended families, and a never-ending parade of steaming carts proferring crisp taro puffs, steamed king prawns, and chicken feet braised to a dark, burnished tan.
Sichuan fare is known to start a party (or a fire, with the proper seasoning) in your mouth, so have a glass of water at the ready before digging in at this Hung Hom neighborhood restaurant in the Whampoa Garden development.
Located on the first floor of the Peninsula Hong Kong hotel, this upscale Cantonese restaurant is designed to reflect the history of the Peninsula, which first opened in 1928.
Order the steak tartare and a side of chef Gray Kunz's signature house-made ketchup or sea bass in ginger bouillon while taking in the amazing harbor views at the ultra-glam dining room atop the Upper House hotel. The $37 lunch prix fixe, which changes seasonally, is a stellar value.
This Sichuan restaurant is well hidden on the sixth floor of a central district business building. It's no secret though, since it received a Michelin Bib Gourmand in 2011. This small space has only a handful tables and minimal decor, making it clear that it's all about food, not ambience.
Similar to an American speakeasy, this gourmet Chinese restaurant is part of a local culinary tradition known as a "private kitchen," a secretive, largely unadvertised restaurant hidden away in a nondescript location.
Money, food, and gossip fuel Hong Kong, and you can find a nice combination of the three at the Golden Valley restaurant at the Emperor Hotel, in Happy Valley.
In Vietnamese, Song means "to live," and this central district restaurant gives life to Indochinese and Vietnamese fare. The interior is casual but intimate with comfortable chairs and soft light.
Soup noodles with braised brisket, sweet spices, and tangerine peel is a steal at just $2.
This extensive salad buffet is ideal for scoring healthy pre-flight nibbles. There's plenty of self-seating for those with time to spare, while travelers on the run can grab soups and noodles, and desserts such as a Japanese-style cheesecake.


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Origins of Food with Julie Iler
- 585 North Main Street, #5, Cedar City, UT, 84721
Kid Chef @ the Iron County 4-H Office
Iron County 4-H
Tuesday, June 25, 2013 at 4:30 PM - Wednesday, June 26, 2013 at 7:30 PM (MDT)
4-H Kid Chef
June 25 & 26
4:30 pm – 7:30 pm
Extension Office
Ages 8 and in 3rd grade or older as of January 1
Cost: $5 per person
Leaders: Danielle Wenn & Heidi Baxley
Come learn the basics of baking! Learn how to make a great foundation recipe for any meal. We will be cooking a delicious dinner, making smoothies and baking a dessert.
Please let us know before the event if you have any allergies.
Iron County 4-H
585 North Main Street, Suite 5
Cedar City, Utah 84721
(435) 586-8132
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported this morning that 223k nonfarm payrolls were added during the month of June. This follows revised payrolls gains of 254k in May and 187k in April.
The Professional Services industry added the most jobs in June.
The Education and Health Services industry, the Leisure and Hospitality industry, and the Professional Services industry have contributed the most to job gains over the last 8 years. The Construction and Manufacturing sectors have had the most difficulty recovering from the economic downturn.
The household survey shows that 349k full-time jobs were lost in June, while part-time employment increased by 161k. Since November 2007, when the household survey showed peak employment, full-time jobs have decreased by 822k and part-time jobs have increased by 2,909k.
Part-time employees made up 18.60% of the workforce in June, up from 18.47% in May.
Those part-time for economic reasons, workers who would prefer to be full-time but are involuntarily part-time, as a share of those part-time for noneconomic reasons was 31.9%, down from 33.4%.
The unemployment rate (U-3) was 5.3% in June, a decrease from 5.5% in May. The broader unemployment rate (U-6) decreased to 10.5% from 10.8%.
The spread between the U-6 and U-3, or underemployment spread, decreased to 5.2%.
Youth unemployment continues to be volatile.
Unemployment for those with less than a high school diploma decreased to 8.2%.
Blacks continue to experience the highest unemployment rate at 9.5%.
The labor force participation rate decreased to 62.6% from 62.9%, while the employment-to-population ratio fell to 59.3% from 59.4%.
Participation among men decreased to 69.0% from 69.4% and participation among women decreased to 56.7% from 56.8%.
The participation rate for prime age workers (25-54) decreased to 80.8% from 81.0%.
Average weekly hours worked by production and supervisory employees was unchanged at 33.6, while average hourly earnings increased to $20.99 from $20.97. Average hourly earnings have increased 1.94% from a year ago.
Average duration of unemployment in June was 28.1 weeks, down from 30.7. This metric reached a high of 40.7 in 2011, and is still elevated by historical standards.
Of those unemployed, 42.7% have been so for 15 weeks or longer.
Annual employment growth against real GDP growth:


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Marc A. Compton is a seasoned Private Banking Executive dedicated to expanding and leading U.S. Trust's market presence in Silicon Valley and the East Bay. His Bank of America career spans nearly a decade and includes several leadership roles, including Regional Executive for the Premier Banking and Investments group and Director for Merrill Lynch.
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The scope of this page is hearing screening for children ages 0-6 months of age. Newborn screening is but one part of a comprehensive Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) program of service.
Newborn hearing screening is the standard of care in hospitals nationwide. In 2011, 97.9% of babies born in the United States had their hearing screened in the first few weeks of life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). The primary purpose of newborn hearing screening is to identify newborns who are likely to have hearing loss and who require further evaluation. A secondary objective is to identify newborns with medical conditions that can cause late-onset hearing loss and to establish a plan for ongoing monitoring of their hearing status (Joint Committee on Infant Hearing [JCIH], 2007). Infants who do not pass the newborn hearing screening (and/or rescreening) are referred immediately for a comprehensive audiologic evaluation, with a goal of having hearing loss confirmed by 3 months of age.
Screening programs target permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL) irrespective of type. However, various protocols are more effective at identifying different types and degrees of hearing loss within different populations (i.e., well-infant nursery [WIN] or neonatal intensive care unit [NICU)].
Passing a screening does not mean that a child has normal hearing across the frequency range. Because minimal and frequency-specific hearing losses are not targeted by newborn hearing screening programs, newborns with these losses may pass a hearing screen. Because these losses have the potential to interfere with the speech and psychoeducational development of children (Yoshinaga-Itano, DeConde Johnson, Carpenter, Stredler Brown, 2008), hearing, speech, and language milestones should receive ongoing surveillance and monitoring throughout childhood.
The content of this Portal page is based on ASHA's Expert Panel Recommendations on Newborn Hearing Screening.
We need your feedback to help us improve.
Learn how this content was created.
Content Disclaimer: The Practice Portal, ASHA policy documents, and guidelines contain information for use in all settings; however, members must consider all applicable local, state and federal requirements when applying the information in their specific work setting.


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Aurigny Air Services
- About
- Outlook
- News
- Fleet
- Schedules
- Schedule Analysis
- Route Maps
- Contacts
- Traffic
- Financial
- Fast Fact Report
- IATA Code
- ICAO Code
- Corporate Address
- States Airport
La Planque Lane
- Website
- http://www.aurigny.com
- Main hub
- Guernsey Airport
- Country
- United Kingdom
- Business model
- Regional/Commuter
- Network
- Domestic | International
- Association Membership
Aurigny Air Services is a regional airline serving the island of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency. The carrier offers scheduled and chartered passenger, cargo and mail services to destinations in the UK and France. Their headquarters is situated at Guernsey Airport, Forest, Guernsey, Channel Islands.
Location of Aurigny Air Services main hub (Guernsey Airport)
100 total articles
Guernsey Treasurer: Aurigny Air Services 'must stay in public hands'
10-Jun-2015 8:06 AM
Aurigny Air Services takes delivery of second Dornier 228, completes purchase of first aircraft
4-May-2015 10:35 AM
Aurigny Air Services looking to develop interline and codeshare capabilities
23-Apr-2015 12:40 PM
GIBA: Guernsey business losing out to Jersey due to air connectivity
23-Apr-2015 12:39 PM
Aurigny Air Services takes delivery of ATR 42-500
23-Apr-2015 9:59 AM
Aurigny Air Services confirms 4% increase in London traffic for 1Q2015
23-Apr-2015 9:57 AM
Aurigny Air Services reports 4% increase in London traffic
20-Apr-2015 1:09 PM
States of Alderney invites Citywing to tender for Alderney-Guernsey service
17-Apr-2015 9:38 AM
Citywing nearing agreement for Guernsey and Southampton services from Alderney
25-Mar-2015 2:28 PM
Aurigny Air Services to take delivery of ATR 42-500 on 15-Mar-2015
20-Feb-2015 10:43 AM
Blue Islands appoints Swissport as new ground handler at Jersey Airport
29-Jan-2015 10:36 AM
Blue Islands rejected claims made by Aurigny that it is 'substantially down-sizing'
9-Dec-2014 3:46 PM
Aurigny Air Service to make 30 staff redundant at Jersey Airport following Blue Islands' suspension
8-Dec-2014 2:05 PM
Aurigny Air Services takes delivery of first Dornier 228
2-Dec-2014 12:04 PM
VLM Airlines to maintain ACMI contracts following change of ownership: COO
28-Oct-2014 4:14 PM
Aurigny Air Services' Guernsey-Alderney service level 'has plummeted'
17-Oct-2014 11:17 AM


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A Guy's Guide To Chicken Avo Pie
Are you a guy who feels intimidated in the kitchen? Get over the fear of cooking with this chicken avo pie recipe from Dan Churchill, author of "DudeFood."
"Marry Me" Roast Beef Tenderloin Recipe Perfect For Valentine's Day
There is no better way to celebrate Valentine's Day then with a cozy home cooked dinner for two.
Chef Bill Fuller: Casbah Pork Chop With Prosciutto Risotto & Garlic Cream
Big Burrito Restaurant Group Executive Chef Bill Fuller stops by the Pittsburgh Today Live kitchen with one of the most popular items on the menu at Casbah, located in the city's East End!
PTL Links: Jan. 14, 2015
Some of today's topics include:
Cooking With Rania: Roasted Red Pepper Bisque With Basil Cream
This week, Rania Harris stops by the Pittsburgh Today Live kitchen with a tasty recipe for Roasted Red Pepper Bisque with Basil Cream!
Cooking Corner: Thai Peanut Noodle Salad With Shrimp
There's a good reason to add nuts to your food – they taste good, they add a great texture and they're healthy.
Late Night Tailgating: Ultimate Grilled Cheese
Impress your friends with this great recipe from Chef Anthony Marino at your next tailgating party!
Late Night Tailgating: Kansas City Burnt Ends
Steelers fans, gear up for the game against the Chiefs with this delicious recipe from Chef Anthony Marino!
Dominique DeVito's Chocolate Mousse Holiday Recipe
Dominique DeVito shares her holiday simple recipe for chocolate mousse. DeVito is the author of Christmas Slow-Cooking, available now wherever books are sold.
Dominique DeVito's Bacon-Wrapped Meatloaf Recipe
Dominique DeVito shares her recipe for bacon-wrapped meatloaf from her book "Low-Card Slow Cooking," out now from Cider Press Mill.
Late Night Tailgating: Cincinnati Chili
This great recipe from Chef Anthony Marino will be a delicious treat for your friends at your next tailgate party!
Chef Bill Fuller Recipes: Soba Snacks
Chef Bill Fuller, of the Big Burrito Group, stops by the Pittsburgh Today Live kitchen with some easy, yet elegant hors d'oeuvres recipes, perfect to try at your holiday party.
PTL Links: Dec. 3, 2014
Some of today's topics include:
Fabulous Homemade Cookies Recipe: Macaroons
Inspired by the Christmas markets in Germany, the Peoples Gas Holiday Market in Market Square offers handmade creations from around the world, including something handmade and edible!
Late Night Tailgating: Jambalaya And Mini Muffaleta
Spice up your next tailgating party with this delicious recipe from Chef Anthony Marino!


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Center for Food Safety wants to
Oppose the DARK act denying your right to know
Don't let Congress deny your right to know: Oppose the DARK act
Writer interviews star magazine National Enquirer motivational speaker red carpet interviews oscars spike , radio co host . Media priscilla.reporter
Don't let Congress deny your right to know: Oppose the DARK act
Now they are categorized as civilians in military shelters and non-profits must get them adopted & bear the costs
To save lives of present and future domestic violence victims
POUR LA LIBERTÉ DES FEMMES Sahraouis dans les territoires occupés du Sahara Occidental. Les pratiques actuelles de
Consider this: At the time of his tragic death in 2004, Dimebag Darrell was rated by "Rolling Stone" magazine as #92 in
We believe that Facebook needs to remove their animal hate pages and needs to stop their animal cruelty pages.


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The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
8:31 demons. The Greek word translated "demons" is a broad term for "divinities" (Acts 17:18), and supernatural beings. "Unclean spirits" (10:1) caused havoc with men, sometimes by possession. They are in league with Satan, the prince of demons (9:34; 12:24–28). Jesus throws out Satan's servants as a sign of the arrival of God's kingdom (12:28).