text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
E-Print Network [OSTI]
of offshore wind farms, wind power fluctuations may introduce several challenges to reliable power system behaviour due to natural wind fluctuations. The rapid power fluctuations from the large scale wind farms Generation Control (AGC) system which includes large- scale wind farms for long-term stability simulation
Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
Large-Scale Wind Training Program
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Project objective is to develop a credit-bearing wind technician program and a non-credit safety training program, train faculty, and purchase/install large wind training equipment.
Porter, Richard L. [Hudson Valley Community College
Superconductivity for Large Scale Wind Turbines
A conceptual design has been completed for a 10MW superconducting direct drive wind turbine generator employing low temperature superconductors for the field winding. Key technology building blocks from the GE Wind and GE Healthcare businesses have been transferred across to the design of this concept machine. Wherever possible, conventional technology and production techniques have been used in order to support the case for commercialization of such a machine. Appendices A and B provide further details of the layout of the machine and the complete specification table for the concept design. Phase 1 of the program has allowed us to understand the trade-offs between the various sub-systems of such a generator and its integration with a wind turbine. A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) analysis have been completed resulting in the identification of high risk components within the design. The design has been analyzed from a commercial and economic point of view and Cost of Energy (COE) calculations have been carried out with the potential to reduce COE by up to 18% when compared with a permanent magnet direct drive 5MW baseline machine, resulting in a potential COE of 0.075 $/kWh. Finally, a top-level commercialization plan has been proposed to enable this technology to be transitioned to full volume production. The main body of this report will present the design processes employed and the main findings and conclusions.
R. Fair; W. Stautner; M. Douglass; R. Rajput-Ghoshal; M. Moscinski; P. Riley; D. Wagner; J. Kim; S. Hou; F. Lopez; K. Haran; J. Bray; T. Laskaris; J. Rochford; R. Duckworth
Sinomatech Wind Power Blade aka Sinoma Science Technology Wind...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Sinomatech Wind Power Blade aka Sinoma Science Technology Wind Turbine Blade Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name: Sinomatech Wind Power Blade (aka Sinoma Science & Technology...
Generation of large-scale winds in horizontally anisotropic convection
We simulate three-dimensional, horizontally periodic Rayleigh-B\\'enard convection between free-slip horizontal plates, rotating about a horizontal axis. When both the temperature difference between the plates and the rotation rate are sufficiently large, a strong horizontal wind is generated that is perpendicular to both the rotation vector and the gravity vector. The wind is turbulent, large-scale, and vertically sheared. Horizontal anisotropy, engendered here by rotation, appears necessary for such wind generation. Most of the kinetic energy of the flow resides in the wind, and the vertical turbulent heat flux is much lower on average than when there is no wind.
von Hardenberg, J; Provenzale, A; Spiegel, E A
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Fatigue tests of wind turbine blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Fatigue tests of wind turbine blades Flapwise fatigue tests of 3 blades wind load. By turning and oscillating the blade in the horzontal direction, an R-ratio of �1 running at the Spark�r Centre Blade Test Facilities. Fatigue blade tests are performed in order
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Static tests of wind turbine blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Static tests of wind turbine blades Static blade tests are performed-4000 Roskilde Denmark www.risoe.dk Wind Energy Department Spark�r Blade test Centre firstname.lastname@example.com Tel in order to determine the structural properties of a blade including stiffness data and strain distribution
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Modal analysis is the process the modes constitute a complete dynamic description of the wind turbine blade. The modes of vibration represent the inherent dynamic properties of the wind turbine blade. The range of applications for modal
The aim of this article is to describe the particular field of climatology which analyzes air movement characteristics regarding utilization of wind for energy generation. The article describes features of wind energy potential available in Hungary compared to wind conditions in other areas of the northern quarter sphere in order to assist the wind energy use development in Hungary. Information on wind climate gives a solid basis for financial and economic decisions of stakeholders in the field of wind energy utilization.
Andrea Kircsi
SERI advanced wind turbine blades
The primary goal of the Solar Energy Research Institute`s (SERI) advanced wind turbine blades is to convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy in an inexpensive and efficient manner. To accomplish this goal, advanced wind turbine blades have been developed by SERI that utilize unique airfoil technology. Performance characteristics of the advanced blades were verified through atmospheric testing on fixed-pitch, stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Of the various wind turbine configurations, the stall-regulated HAWT dominates the market because of its simplicity and low cost. Results of the atmospheric tests show that the SERI advanced blades produce 10% to 30% more energy than conventional blades. 6 refs.
Tangler, J.; Smith, B.; Jager, D.
The primary goal of the Solar Energy Research Institute's (SERI) advanced wind turbine blades is to convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy in an inexpensive and efficient manner. To accomplish this goal, advanced wind turbine blades have been developed by SERI that utilize unique airfoil technology. Performance characteristics of the advanced blades were verified through atmospheric testing on fixed-pitch, stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Of the various wind turbine configurations, the stall-regulated HAWT dominates the market because of its simplicity and low cost. Results of the atmospheric tests show that the SERI advanced blades produce 10% to 30% more energy than conventional blades. 6 refs.
Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms
Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Peng Hou, Weihao Hu, Zhe email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Abstract--The investment of large scale offshore wind farms is high the operational requirements of the offshore wind farms and the connected power systems. In this paper, a new cost
Hu, Weihao
Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map Report NJ Department of Environmental Protection
Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map Report NJ Department of Environmental Protection September 8 Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's (NJDEP) "Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map Management rules to address the development and permitting of wind turbines in the coastal zone
Holberton, Rebecca L.
Wooden wind turbine blade manufacturing process
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A wooden wind turbine blade is formed by laminating wood veneer in a compression mold having the exact curvature needed for one side of the blade, following which the other side of the blade is ground flat along its length but twisted with respect to the blade axis.
Coleman, Clint (Warren, VT)
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency Pascal Kriesche* and Adam Schlosser* Abstract
Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Very Large-Scale Wind Farms
Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climate change requires large-scale deployment of low or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission technologies such as wind energy. The widespread availability of wind power has ...
Wang, Chien
Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Generators Penetration on the Voltage Stability of Power Systems
development of wind energy tech- nology and the current world-wide status of grid-connected as well as standImpacts of Large-Scale Wind Generators Penetration on the Voltage Stability of Power Systems M. J systems and their dynamic behaviours to identify critical issues that limit the large-scale integration
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Large-scale structure of the fast solar wind
measurements of Solar Wind velocity, in press, Journal of1992), The Ulysses solar wind plasma experiment, AstronomyA. Hewish (1967), The solar wind outside the plane of the
Bisi, M. M.; Fallows, R. A.; Breen, A. R.; Habbal, S. Rifai; Jones, R. A.
Effects of large-scale distribution of wind energy in and around Europe
Effects of large-scale distribution of wind energy in and around Europe Gregor Giebel Niels Gylling energy in Europe? · Distribution of wind energy all over Europe leads to smoothing of the wind power energy can easily supply up to ~20% of the European demand. At this stage, · Less than 13% of the wind
NREL Wind Turbine Blade Structural Testing of the Modular Wind Energy MW45 Blade: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-09-354
This CRADA was a purely funds-in CRADA with Modular Wind Energy (MWE). MWE had a need to perform full-scale testing of a 45-m wind turbine blade. NREL/NWTC provided the capabilities, facilities, and equipment to test this large-scale MWE wind turbine blade. Full-scale testing is required to demonstrate the ability of the wind turbine blade to withstand static design load cases and demonstrate the fatigue durability. Structural testing is also necessary to meet international blade testing certification requirements. Through this CRADA, MWE would obtain test results necessary for product development and certification, and NREL would benefit by working with an industrial partner to better understand the unique test requirements for wind turbine blades with advanced structural designs.
Hughes, S.
Fatigue of Wind Blade Laminates:Fatigue of Wind Blade Laminates: Effects of Resin and Fabric Structure
Fatigue of Wind Blade Laminates:Fatigue of Wind Blade Laminates: Effects of Resin and Fabric University MCARE 2012 #12;Outline · Overview of MSU Fatigue Program on Wind Blade MaterialsWind Blade Wind Blade Component Materials Acknowledgements: Sandia National Laboratories/DOE (Joshua Paquette
Sandia National Laboratories: New Wind Turbine Blade Design
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
ClimateECEnergyNew Wind Turbine Blade Design New Wind Turbine Blade Design More Energy with Less Weight ATLAS II Data Acquisition System New Wind Turbine Blade Design On May 18,...
Prospects for large scale applications of wind energy
generating wind turbine (1885) Historical development #12;20th century: first electricity generation USA: electricity generation DK: Gedser (1975) NL: De Traanroeier (1956) D: Hütter (1959) Historical development #12's share of the World-Wide Generation Generation Electricity gen. Electricity from all Wind Power's share
Load attenuating passively adaptive wind turbine blade
A method and apparatus for improving wind turbine performance by alleviating loads and controlling the rotor. The invention employs the use of a passively adaptive blade that senses the wind velocity or rotational speed, and accordingly modifies its aerodynamic configuration. The invention exploits the load mitigation prospects of a blade that twists toward feather as it bends. The invention includes passively adaptive wind turbine rotors or blades with currently preferred power control features. The apparatus is a composite fiber horizontal axis wind-turbine blade, in which a substantial majority of fibers in the blade skin are inclined at angles of between 15 and 30 degrees to the axis of the blade, to produces passive adaptive aeroelastic tailoring (bend-twist coupling) to alleviate loading without unduly jeopardizing performance.
Veers, Paul S. (Albuquerque, NM); Lobitz, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Veers, Paul S.; Lobitz, Donald W.
Large-scale hierarchical optimization for online advertising and wind farm planning
Large-scale hierarchical optimization for online advertising and wind farm planning Konstantin Konstantin Salomatin #12;Keywords: online advertising, sponsored search, wind energy, layout optimization (particularly, spon- sored search) and wind farm turbine-layout planning. Whereas very different in specifics
Eskenazi, Maxine
2014 Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The U.S. Energy Department's Sandia National Laboratories will host its 2014 Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop at the Marriott Pyramid North in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The workshop provides a unique, blade focused collaborative forum that will bring together wind energy leaders from industry, academia, and government. Stay tuned for updates. Information regarding past Wind Workshops can be found at: http://windworkshops.sandia.gov/.
Variable diameter wind turbine rotor blades
A system and method for changing wind turbine rotor diameters to meet changing wind speeds and control system loads is disclosed. The rotor blades on the wind turbine are able to adjust length by extensions nested within or containing the base blade. The blades can have more than one extension in a variety of configurations. A cable winching system, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, inflatable or elastic extensions, and a spring-loaded jack knife deployment are some of the methods of adjustment. The extension is also protected from lightning by a grounding system.
Jamieson, Peter McKeich; Hornzee-Jones, Chris; Moroz, Emilian M.; Blakemore, Ralph W.
Fourth International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms,
for Offshore Wind Farms, 20-21 October 2003, Billund, Denmark C. S. Nielsen, Hans F. Ravn, Camilla Schaumburg1 Fourth International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and Transmission Networks of Denmark, B. 321, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, firstname.lastname@example.com Two wind power prognosis criteria and regulating
A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Weijun WANG , St´ephane CARO, Fouad email@example.com The aim of designing wind turbine blades is to improve the power capture ability by adjusting the twist of the blade's root and tip. To evaluate the performance of wind turbine blades
Recanati, Catherine
TECHNICALADVANCES IN EPOXY TECHNOLOGY FOR WIND TURBINE BLADE COMPOSITE FABRICATION George C. Jacob reliability in many demanding applications including components for aerospace and wind turbine blades. While in operation, wind turbine blades are subjected to significant stresses from their movement, wind and other
Methods of making wind turbine rotor blades
A method of manufacturing a root portion of a wind turbine blade includes, in an exemplary embodiment, providing an outer layer of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers, providing an inner layer of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers, and positioning at least two bands of reinforcing fibers between the inner and outer layers, with each band of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers. The method further includes positioning a mat of randomly arranged reinforcing fibers between each pair of adjacent bands of reinforcing fibers, introducing a polymeric resin into the root potion of the wind turbine blade, infusing the resin through the outer layer, the inner layer, each band of reinforcing fibers, and each mat of random reinforcing fibers, and curing the resin to form the root portion of the wind turbine blade.
Livingston, Jamie T. (Pensacola, FL); Burke, Arthur H. E. (Gulf Breeze, FL); Bakhuis, Jan Willem (Nijverdal, NL); Van Breugel, Sjef (Enschede, NL); Billen, Andrew (Daarlerveen, NL)
Reduced Order Structural Modeling of Wind Turbine Blades
Conventional three dimensional structural analysis methods prove to be expensive for the preliminary design of wind turbine blades. However, wind turbine blades are large slender members with complex cross sections. They can be accurately modeled...
Jonnalagadda, Yellavenkatasunil
Weekly Wrap-Up: Testing Wind Blades, Converting Carbon Emissions...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Weekly Wrap-Up: Testing Wind Blades, Converting Carbon Emissions, and Eco-Driving Weekly Wrap-Up: Testing Wind Blades, Converting Carbon Emissions, and Eco-Driving July 23, 2010 -...
Evidence of Early Enrichment of the Galactic Disk by Large-Scale Winds
Large-scale homogeneous surveys of Galactic stars may indicate that the elemental abundance gradient evolves with cosmic time, a phenomenon that was not foreseen in existing models of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE). If the phenomenon is confirmed in future studies, we show that this effect, at least in part, is due to large-scale winds that once enriched the disk. These set up the steep abundance gradient in the inner disk (R <14 kpc). At the close of the wind phase, chemical enrichment through accretion of metal-poor material from the halo onto the disk gradually reduced the metallicity of the inner region, whereas a slow increase in the metallicity proceeded beyond the solar circle. Our "wind+infall" model accounts for flattening of the abundance gradient in the inner disk, in good agreement with observations. Accordingly, we propose that enrichment by large-scale winds is a crucial factor for chemical evolution in the disk. We anticipate that rapid flattening of the abundance gradient is the hallmark...
Tsujimoto, T; Freeman, K C
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency
In times of increasing importance of wind power in the world�s energy mix, this study focuses on a better understanding of the influences of large-scale climate variability on wind power resource over Europe. The impact ...
Kriesche, Pascal
Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration
Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration David Luke Oates, and SO2 emissions as well as for the profitability of coal plants, as calculated by our dispatch model
Jaramillo, Paulina
EFFECTS OF FIBER WAVINESS ON COMPOSITES FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES J.F. Mandell D.D. Samborsky and L Composite materials of interest for wind turbine blades use relatively low cost fibers, resins and processes WORDS: Composite Materials, Fiber Waviness, Compressive Strength #12;1. INTRODUCTION Wind turbine blades
AIAA980057 RELATING TURBULENCE TO WIND TURBINE BLADE LOADS: PARAMETRIC STUDY WITH MULTIPLE that is most useful in estimating fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. The histograms of rainflow counted turbulence measures---can be used to estimate fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. We first de scribe
Sweetman, Bert
Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade
Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade Find M�lholt Jensen Ris�-PhD-34(EN) ISBN 978 2008 #12;#12;Author: Find M�lholt Jensen Title: Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade contains a study of the structural static strength of wind turbine blades loaded in flap-wise direction
Method of making a wooden wind turbine blade
A wooden wind turbine blade is formed by laminating wood veneer in a compression mold having the exact curvature needed for one side of the blade, following which the other side of the blade is ground flat along its length but twisted with respect to the blade axis. 8 figs.
Coleman, C.
Wind Technology Testing Center Acquires New Blade Fatigue Test...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Technology Testing Center Acquires New Blade Fatigue Test System Wind Technology Testing Center Acquires New Blade Fatigue Test System August 1, 2013 - 4:33pm Addthis This is an...
Vertical axis wind turbine with continuous blade angle adjustment
The author presents a concept for a vertical axis wind turbine that utilizes each blade's entire rotational cycle for power generation. Each blade has its own vertical axis of rotation and is constrained to rotate at the ...
Weiss, Samuel Bruce
Large scale risk-assessment of wind-farms on population viability of a globally endangered long-lived raptor
through increments in mortality rates. For this purpose, we evaluate potential conse- quences of wind-term impacts of wind-farms rather than focusing on short-term mortality, as is often promoted by powerLarge scale risk-assessment of wind-farms on population viability of a globally endangered long
Carrete, Martina
Dynamic stall on wind turbine blades
Dynamic loads must be predicted accurately in order to estimate the fatigue life of wind turbines operating in turbulent environments. Dynamic stall contributes to increased dynamic loads during normal operation of all types of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWTs). This report illustrates how dynamic stall varies throughout the blade span of a 10 m HAWT during yawed and unyawed operating conditions. Lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients during dynamics stall are discussed. Resulting dynamic loads are presented, and the effects of dynamic stall on yaw loads are demonstrated using a yaw loads dynamic analysis (YAWDYN). 12 refs., 22 figs., 1 tab.
Butterfield, C.P.; Simms, D.; Scott, G. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)] [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Hansen, A.C. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)] [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Dual-Axis Resonance Testing of Wind Turbine Blades
Energy Innovation Portal (Marketing Summaries) [EERE]
Wind turbine blades must undergo strength and fatigue testing in order to be rated and marketed appropriately. Presently, wind turbine blades are fatigue-tested in the flapwise direction and in the edgewise direction independently. This testing involves placing the blades through 1 to 10 million or more load or fatigue cycles, which may take 3 to 12 months or more to complete for each tested direction. There is a need for blade testing techniques that are less expensive to use and require...
Impact of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effects on Power System with Large Scale Wind Power
@et.aau.dk, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Grid connected wind turbines are fluctuating power sources due on the power system small signal stability of wind turbines based on fixed-speed induction generators, doubly two interconnected power systems [9]. The wind power fluctuations produced by grid connected variable
Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades
Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades Mads Døssing Risø-R-1621(EN) Risø Title: Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades Departments: Wind Energy Department turbines can be increased by the use of winglets without increasing the swept area. This makes them
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry Peter Bj�rn Andersen, Mac Loads, Trailing Edge Flaps, PID control, Signal Noise. 1 Introduction Wind turbine blades are subject to 40% when signal noise is added to the control. Keywords: Wind Turbine, Load Alleviation, Fatigue
Selection of Wind Turbine Blade Materials for Fatigue Resistance
Selection of Wind Turbine Blade Materials for Fatigue Resistance John Mandell Montana State center to center26 inch center to center #12;Blade Infusion L Lab InfusionLab Infusion #12;Schematic blade laminates Complex structured coupons with ply drops� Complex structured coupons with ply drops
Probing large-scale wind structures in Vela X-1 using off-states with INTEGRAL
Vela X-1 is the prototype of the class of wind-fed accreting pulsars in high mass X-ray binaries hosting a supergiant donor. We have analyzed in a systematic way ten years of INTEGRAL data of Vela X-1 (22-50 keV) and we found that when outside the X-ray eclipse, the source undergoes several luminosity drops where the hard X-rays luminosity goes below 5x10^34 erg/s, becoming undetected by INTEGRAL. These drops in the X-ray flux are usually referred to as "off-states" in the literature. We have investigated the distribution of these off-states along the Vela X-1 ~8.9 day orbit, finding that their orbital occurrence displays an asymmetric distribution, with a higher probability to observe an off-state near the pre-eclipse than during the post-eclipse. This asymmetry can be explained by scattering of hard X-rays in a region of ionized wind, able to reduce the source hard X-ray brightness preferentially near eclipse ingress. We associate this ionized large-scale wind structure with the photo-ionization wake produc...
Sidoli, L; Fuerst, F; Torrejon, J M; Kretschmar, P; Bozzo, E; Pottschmidt, K
Value Capture in the Global Wind Energy Industry
a large scale wind turbine are the tower, blades, and gearof large wind turbine (REpower MM92) Tower Rotor blades Gearwind turbine. Towers run from 40-100 meters, while blades
Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L.
ARRA-Multi-Level Energy Storage and Controls for Large-Scale Wind Energy Integration
The Project Objective is to design innovative energy storage architecture and associated controls for high wind penetration to increase reliability and market acceptance of wind power. The project goals are to facilitate wind energy integration at different levels by design and control of suitable energy storage systems. The three levels of wind power system are: Balancing Control Center level, Wind Power Plant level, and Wind Power Generator level. Our scopes are to smooth the wind power fluctuation and also ensure adequate battery life. In the new hybrid energy storage system (HESS) design for wind power generation application, the boundary levels of the state of charge of the battery and that of the supercapacitor are used in the control strategy. In the controller, some logic gates are also used to control the operating time durations of the battery. The sizing method is based on the average fluctuation of wind profiles of a specific wind station. The calculated battery size is dependent on the size of the supercapacitor, state of charge of the supercapacitor and battery wear. To accommodate the wind power fluctuation, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of battery energy system (BESS) and super-capacitor is adopted in this project. A probability-based power capacity specification approach for the BESS and super-capacitors is proposed. Through this method the capacities of BESS and super-capacitor are properly designed to combine the characteristics of high energy density of BESS and the characteristics of high power density of super-capacitor. It turns out that the super-capacitor within HESS deals with the high power fluctuations, which contributes to the extension of BESS lifetime, and the super-capacitor can handle the peaks in wind power fluctuations without the severe penalty of round trip losses associated with a BESS. The proposed approach has been verified based on the real wind data from an existing wind power plant in Iowa. An intelligent controller that increases battery life within hybrid energy storage systems for wind application was developed. Comprehensive studies have been conducted and simulation results are analyzed. A permanent magnet synchronous generator, coupled with a variable speed wind turbine, is connected to a power grid (14-bus system). A rectifier, a DC-DC converter and an inverter are used to provide a complete model of the wind system. An Energy Storage System (ESS) is connected to a DC-link through a DC-DC converter. An intelligent controller is applied to the DC-DC converter to help the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) to regulate output power and also to control the operation of the battery and supercapacitor. This ensures a longer life time for the batteries. The detailed model is simulated in PSCAD/EMTP. Additionally, economic analysis has been done for different methods that can reduce the wind power output fluctuation. These methods are, wind power curtailment, dumping loads, battery energy storage system and hybrid energy storage system. From the results, application of single advanced HESS can save more money for wind turbines owners. Generally the income would be the same for most of methods because the wind does not change and maximum power point tracking can be applied to most systems. On the other hand, the cost is the key point. For short term and small wind turbine, the BESS is the cheapest and applicable method while for large scale wind turbines and wind farms the application of advanced HESS would be the best method to reduce the power fluctuation. The key outcomes of this project include a new intelligent controller that can reduce energy exchanged between the battery and DC-link, reduce charging/discharging cycles, reduce depth of discharge and increase time interval between charge/discharge, and lower battery temperature. This improves the overall lifetime of battery energy storages. Additionally, a new design method based on probability help optimize the power capacity specification for BESS and super-capacitors. Recommendations include experimental imp
David Wenzhong Gao
Dynamics of large-scale solar-wind streams obtained by the double superposed epoch analysis
Using the OMNI data for period 1976-2000 we investigate the temporal profiles of 20 plasma and field parameters in the disturbed large-scale types of solar wind (SW): CIR, ICME (both MC and Ejecta) and Sheath as well as the interplanetary shock (IS). To take into account the different durations of SW types, we use the double superposed epoch analysis (DSEA) method: re-scaling the duration of the interval for all types in such a manner that, respectively, beginning and end for all intervals of selected type coincide. As the analyzed SW types can interact with each other and change parameters as a result of such interaction, we investigate separately 8 sequences of SW types: (1) CIR, (2) IS/CIR, (3) Ejecta, (4) Sheath/Ejecta, (5) IS/Sheath/Ejecta, (6) MC, (7) Sheath/MC, and (8) IS/Sheath/MC. The main conclusion is that the behavior of parameters in Sheath and in CIR are very similar both qualitatively and quantitatively. Both the high-speed stream (HSS) and the fast ICME play a role of pistons which push the pl...
Yermolaev, Yu I; Nikolaeva, N S; Yermolaev, M Yu
DAMAGE DETECTION METHODS ON WIND TURBINE BLADE TESTING WITH WIRED AND WIRELESS ACCELEROMETER turbine blade. We compare the data collected from the wireless sensors against wired sensors for nonstationary blade excitations. KEYWORDS : Structural Health Monitoring, Damage Detection, Wind Turbine
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Techno-economic Modeling of the Integration of 20% Wind and Large-scale Energy Storage in ERCOT by 2030
This study�?¢�?�?�?�?s objective is to examine interrelated technical and economic avenues for the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) grid to incorporate up to and over 20% wind generation by 2030. Our specific interests are to look at the factors that will affect the implementation of both high level of wind power penetration (> 20% generation) and installation of large scale storage.
Ross Baldick; Michael Webber; Carey King; Jared Garrison; Stuart Cohen; Duehee Lee
User's Guide to MBC3: Multi-Blade Coordinate Transformation Code for 3-Bladed Wind Turbine
This guide explains how to use MBC3, a MATLAB-based script NREL developed to perform multi-blade coordinate transformation of system matrices for three-bladed wind turbines. In its current form, MBC3 can be applied to system matrices generated by FAST.2.
Bir, G. S.
Passive aeroelastic tailoring of wind turbine blades : a numerical analysis
This research aims to have an impact towards a sustainable energy supply. In wind power generation losses occur at tip speed ratios which the rotor was not designed for. Since the ideal blade shape changes nonlinearly with ...
Deilmann, Christian
Aerodynamic testing of a rotating wind turbine blade
Aerodynamic, load, flow-visualization, and inflow measurements were taken on a downwind horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). A video camera mounted on the rotor recorded video images of tufts attached to the low-pressure side of the blade. Strain gages, mounted every 10% of the blade's span, provided load and pressure measurements. Pressure taps at 32 chordwise positions recorded pressure distributions. Wind inflow was measured via a vertical-plane array of anemometers located 10 m upwind. The objectives of the test were to address whether airfoil pressure distributions measured on a rotating blade differed from those measured in the wind tunnel, if radial flow near or in the boundary layer of the airfoil affected pressure distributions, if dynamic stall could result in increased dynamic loads, and if the location of the separation boundary measured on the rotating blade agreed with that measured in two-dimensional flow in the wind tunnel. 6 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Butterfield, C.P.; Nelsen, E.N.
Small Solar Wind Transients and Their Connection to�the�Large-Scale Coronal Structure
I.G. : 2006, In situ solar wind and magnetic ?eld signaturesPenou, E. : 2008, The IMPACT Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (Heliospheric images of the solar wind at Earth. Astrophys.
ACTIVE CONTROL OF FLOW SEPARATION AND STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS OF WIND TURBINE BLADES Sponsor: Ney actuators embedded inside the wind turbine blade to provide an efficient, rapid and compact means to alter the ability to shed excess wind loads off the blade. 3. Reduce vibration in the turbine blades by selectively
Salama, Khaled
EVALUATION OF HAND LAY-UP AND RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING IN COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE MANUFACTURING..........................................................................................................1 Hand Lay-up in Turbine Blade Fabrication
Wind effects on large-scale buildings and structures : field measurements, wind tunnel tests and numerical prediction.
??Modern large-scale buildings and structures, such as super tall buildings and large roof structures, are usually constructed with innovative structural systems and high strength materials;� (more)
Fu, Jiyang (???)
Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States: Executive Summary
This document provides a summary of a 236-page NREL report that provides a broad understanding of today's offshore wind industry, the offshore wind resource, and the associated technology challenges, economics, permitting procedures, and potential risks and benefits.
Musial, W.; Ram, B.
Influence of large scale oscillations on upwelling-favorable coastal wind off central Chile
Along the central coast of Chile is typically equatorward, upwelling-favorable wind associated with the southeast Pacific anticyclone. A coastal low-level jet often develops, and its wind speed is mostly controlled by the ...
Rahn, David A.
Wind turbine blade testing system using base excitation
An apparatus (500) for fatigue testing elongate test articles (404) including wind turbine blades through forced or resonant excitation of the base (406) of the test articles (404). The apparatus (500) includes a testing platform or foundation (402). A blade support (410) is provided for retaining or supporting a base (406) of an elongate test article (404), and the blade support (410) is pivotally mounted on the testing platform (402) with at least two degrees of freedom of motion relative to the testing platform (402). An excitation input assembly (540) is interconnected with the blade support (410) and includes first and second actuators (444, 446, 541) that act to concurrently apply forces or loads to the blade support (410). The actuator forces are cyclically applied in first and second transverse directions. The test article (404) responds to shaking of its base (406) by oscillating in two, transverse directions (505, 507).
Cotrell, Jason; Thresher, Robert; Lambert, Scott; Hughes, Scott; Johnson, Jay
Aeroelastic tailoring in wind-turbine blade applications
This paper reviews issues related to the use of aeroelastic tailoring as a cost-effective, passive means to shape the power curve and reduce loads. Wind turbine blades bend and twist during operation, effectively altering the angle of attack, which in turn affects loads and energy production. There are blades now in use that have significant aeroelastic couplings, either on purpose or because of flexible and light-weight designs. Since aeroelastic effects are almost unavoidable in flexible blade designs, it may be desirable to tailor these effects to the authors advantage. Efforts have been directed at adding flexible devices to a blade, or blade tip, to passively regulate power (or speed) in high winds. It is also possible to build a small amount of desirable twisting into the load response of a blade with proper asymmetric fiber lay up in the blade skin. (Such coupling is akin to distributed {delta}{sub 3} without mechanical hinges.) The tailored twisting can create an aeroelastic effect that has payoff in either better power production or in vibration alleviation, or both. Several research efforts have addressed different parts of this issue. Research and development in the use of aeroelastic tailoring on helicopter rotors is reviewed. Potential energy gains as a function of twist coupling are reviewed. The effects of such coupling on rotor stability have been studied and are presented here. The ability to design in twist coupling with either stretching or bending loads is examined also.
Veers, P.; Lobitz, D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bir, G. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States). National Wind Technology Center
Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States: Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers
This paper assesses the potential for U.S. offshore wind to meet the energy needs of many coastal and Great Lakes states.
VP 100: New Facility in Boston to Test Large-Scale Wind Blades | Department
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept. ofUSAPotentially SensitiveUsersVOLTTRONof Energy New
energy markets large amounts of fluctuating renewable energy sources for electricity production (RES and the electricity market. In order to cope with the fluctuations in the wind power production, other units in electricity markets Summary (max. 100 words) Within the European Union large amounts of intermittent wind
Wind Technology Testing Center Earns A2LA Accreditation for Blade...
Wind Technology Testing Center Earns A2LA Accreditation for Blade Testing Wind Technology Testing Center Earns A2LA Accreditation for Blade Testing October 1, 2012 - 12:16pm...
FLUID FLOW MODELING OF RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL WIND TURBINE BLADE STRUCTURES.............................................................................................................7 Composite Materials...................................................................................................7 Material Properties
Large-Scale Wind Integration Studies in the United States: Preliminary Results; Preprint
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is managing two large regional wind integration studies on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. These two studies are believed to be the largest ever undertaken in the United States.
Milligan, M.; Lew, D.; Corbus, D.; Piwko, R.; Miller, N.; Clark, K.; Jordan, G.; Freeman, L.; Zavadil, B.; Schuerger, M.
The role of hydroelectric generation in electric power systems with large scale wind generation
An increasing awareness of the operational challenges created by intermittent generation of electricity from policy-mandated renewable resources, such as wind and solar, has led to increased scrutiny of the public policies ...
Hagerty, John Michael
Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farms
The vast availability of wind power has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as a potential near-zero greenhouse gas emission technology for meeting future world energy needs while addressing the ...
Spatial distribution of non-native invasive plants following large-scale wind damage at LaRue Pine Hills - Otter Pond Research Natural Area, Union County, Illinois.
??The objective of this study was to determine if a large-scale wind disturbance facilitated the invasion of forest interiors by non-native invasive plant species. The� (more)
Romano, Anthony John
Simulation of winds as seen by a rotating vertical axis wind turbine blade
The objective of this report is to provide turbulent wind analyses relevant to the design and testing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). A technique was developed for utilizing high-speed turbulence wind data from a line of seven anemometers at a single level to simulate the wind seen by a rotating VAWT blade. Twelve data cases, representing a range of wind speeds and stability classes, were selected from the large volume of data available from the Clayton, New Mexico, Vertical Plane Array (VPA) project. Simulations were run of the rotationally sampled wind speed relative to the earth, as well as the tangential and radial wind speeds, which are relative to the rotating wind turbine blade. Spectral analysis is used to compare and assess wind simulations from the different wind regimes, as well as from alternate wind measurement techniques. The variance in the wind speed at frequencies at or above the blade rotation rate is computed for all cases, and is used to quantitatively compare the VAWT simulations with Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) simulations. Qualitative comparisons are also made with direct wind measurements from a VAWT blade.
George, R.L.
DETECTION OF IMPULSE-LIKE AIRBORNE SOUND FOR DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION IN ROTOR BLADES OF WIND TURBINES burdens of wind turbines. To detect damage of rotor blades, several research projects focus on an acoustic, rotor blade, wind turbine INTRODUCTION There are several publications of non destructive damage
Boyer, Edmond
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ULTRASONIC NDT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED IN- SITU INSPECTION OF WIND TURBINE BLADES Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT It is crucial to maintain wind turbine blades. This work investigates using pulse-echo ultrasound to detect internal damages in wind turbine blades without
Ris-R-Report Improved design for large wind turbine blades
for large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 4) - Summary report Division: 1 Materials Research of wind turbine blade involving geometric and material instabilities 30 5.2 Simulation of crack growthRis�-R-Report Improved design for large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 4) - Summary
Vibration Analysis of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade , S.Tullis 2
Vibration Analysis of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade K. Mc Laren 1 , S.Tullis 2 and S.Ziada 3 1 vibration source of a small-scale vertical axis wind turbine currently undergoing field-testing. The turbine at a blade-tip speed ratio (the ratio of the blade rotational velocity to the ambient wind velocity) of 1
Tullis, Stephen
LOSS OF ROTOR ISOTROPY AS A BLADE DAMAGE INDICATOR FOR WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE HEALTH MONITORING to simulated vibrations of a rotating rotor. KEYWORDS : wind turbine blade, rotor anisotropy, Floquet analysis, OMA INTRODUCTION Blades of modern wind turbines are complex high-tech structures, and their cost
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
A feasibility study of wind turbine blade surface crack detection using an optical inspection method
A feasibility study of wind turbine blade surface crack detection using an optical inspection technique was investigated to assess its ability to detect surface flaws on an on-tower wind turbine blade and investors. Rotor blades are one of the largest mechanical components of a wind turbine and cannot
McCalley, James D.
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Wind turbines with a rotor diameter exceed-
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Wind turbines with a rotor diameter exceed- ing 2 metres must have a type of a wind turbine. Failure of a rotor blade in service often involves damage of the entire turbine operating type cer- tification systems for wind turbines. Reg. no. 427 The Spark�r Blade Test Centre became
How hard can it be to pitch a wind turbine blade? Moment of inertia approximately
How hard can it be to pitch a wind turbine blade? Moment of inertia approximately as a small car (1 a wind turbine blade? Hydraulic pitch actuator for the virtual NREL 5 MW turbine � Motivation � Actuator a wind turbine blade? Motivation � How to model a hydraulic pitch actuator? � Second order system
Numerical Analysis of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades using CFD Jeppe Johansen
Numerical Analysis of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades using CFD Jeppe Johansen and Niels N of adding a winglet to a wind turbine rotor is to decrease the total drag from the blades and thereby increase. The resulting pressure difference on an operating wind turbine blade causes inward spanwise flow
QUANTITATIVE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF HYBRID COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADES BY ENERGY BASED ACOUSTIC in the wind turbine blade. It was tried to apply a new source location method, which has a developed algorithm assessment, source location, wind turbine blade, hybrid composites INTRODUCTION Structural health management
Ris-R-1392(EN) Full scale testing of wind turbine blade
Ris�-R-1392(EN) Full scale testing of wind turbine blade to failure - flapwise loading Erik R F. S�rensen Ris� National Laboratory, Roskilde June 2004 #12;Abstract A 25m wind turbine blade test of a 25m Vestas wind turbine blade. The major results of the entire project can be found
AIAA-98-0057 RELATING TURBULENCE TO WIND TURBINE BLADE LOADS: PARAMETRIC STUDY WITH MULTIPLE that is most useful in estimating fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. The histograms of rain ow counted measures|can be used to estimate fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. We rst de- scribe a general approach
National Wind Tecnology Center Provides Dual Axis Resonant Blade Testing
NREL's Structural Testing Laboratory at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) provides experimental laboratories, computer facilities for analytical work, space for assembling components and turbines for atmospheric testing as well as office space for industry researchers. Fort Felker, center director at the NWTC, discusses NREL's state-of-the-art structural testing capabilities and shows a flapwise and edgewise blade test in progress.
Felker, Fort
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Collegiate Wind Competition Turbines go Blade-to-Blade in Wind...
This wind tunnel constructed by NREL engineers will test the small wind turbines designed by 10 university teams competing in DOE's Collegiate Wind Competition. This wind tunnel...
Methods and apparatus for twist bend coupled (TCB) wind turbine blades
A method for controlling a wind turbine having twist bend coupled rotor blades on a rotor mechanically coupled to a generator includes determining a speed of a rotor blade tip of the wind turbine, measuring a current twist distribution and current blade loading, and adjusting a torque of a generator to change the speed of the rotor blade tip to thereby increase an energy capture power coefficient of the wind turbine.
Moroz, Emilian Mieczyslaw; LeMieux, David Lawrence; Pierce, Kirk Gee
Sandia National Laboratories: Wind Turbine Blade Design
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia, NREL Release Wave EnergyLinks WaterWindSandia WindWind Turbine
7,511,624 Wind Energy Overview: Device for monitoring the balance and integrity of wind turbine blades either in
turbine blades either in service or as a quality control step in the manufacturing process Researchers oscillations (including imbalances and tracking variations) in wind turbine blades. This technology was tested covering the RPM rate of any wind turbine blade. This invention directly targets the operational monitoring
Maxwell, Bruce D.
Dual-axis resonance testing of wind turbine blades
An apparatus (100) for fatigue testing test articles (104) including wind turbine blades. The apparatus (100) includes a test stand (110) that rigidly supports an end (106) of the test article (104). An actuator assembly (120) is attached to the test article (104) and is adapted for substantially concurrently imparting first and second forcing functions in first and second directions on the test article (104), with the first and second directions being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis. A controller (130) transmits first and second sets of displacement signals (160, 164) to the actuator assembly (120) at two resonant frequencies of the test system (104). The displacement signals (160, 164) initiate the actuator assembly (120) to impart the forcing loads to concurrently oscillate the test article (104) in the first and second directions. With turbine blades, the blades (104) are resonant tested concurrently for fatigue in the flapwise and edgewise directions.
Hughes, Scott; Musial, Walter; White, Darris
OPERATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS AND WAVELET TRANSFORMATION FOR DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION IN WIND TURBINE turbine blade. A trail- ing edge debonding was introduced to a SSP 34 m blade mounted on a test rig. Op-frequency modes. KEYWORDS : Wind Turbine Blades, Debonding, Wavelet Transformation, Operational Modal Analysis
Preform spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade
A spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade. The spar cap may include multiple preform components. The multiple preform components may be planar sheets having a swept shape with a first end and a second end. The multiple preform components may be joined by mating the first end of a first preform component to the second end of a next preform component, forming the spar cap.
Livingston, Jamie T. (Simpsonville, SC); Driver, Howard D. (Greer, SC); van Breugel, Sjef (Enschede, NL); Jenkins, Thomas B. (Cantonment, FL); Bakhuis, Jan Willem (Nijverdal, NL); Billen, Andrew J. (Daarlerveen, NL); Riahi, Amir (Pensacola, FL)
Energy harvesting to power sensing hardware onboard wind turbine blade
Wind turbines are becoming a larger source of renewable energy in the United States. However, most of the designs are geared toward the weather conditions seen in Europe. Also, in the United States, manufacturers have been increasing the length of the turbine blades, often made of composite materials, to maximize power output. As a result of the more severe loading conditions in the United States and the material level flaws in composite structures, blade failure has been a more common occurrence in the U.S. than in Europe. Therefore, it is imperative that a structural health monitoring system be incorporated into the design of the wind turbines in order to monitor flaws before they lead to a catastrophic failure. Due to the rotation of the turbine and issues related to lightning strikes, the best way to implement a structural health monitoring system would be to use a network of wireless sensor nodes. In order to provide power to these sensor nodes, piezoelectric, thermoelectric and photovoltaic energy harvesting techniques are examined on a cross section of a CX-100 wind turbine blade in order to determine the feasibility of powering individual nodes that would compose the sensor network.
Carlson, Clinton P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Schichting, Alexander D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Quellette, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Faringolt, Kevin M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Wind Turbine Blade Design | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept.| WEATHERIZATION5 |and Analysis |3 Wind
A simple method of estimating wind turbine blade fatigue at potential wind turbine sites
This paper presents a technique of estimating blade fatigue damage at potential wind turbine sites. The cornerstone of this technique is a simple model for the blade`s root flap bending moment. The model requires as input a simple set of wind measurements which may be obtained as part of a routine site characterization study. By using the model to simulate a time series of the root flap bending moment, fatigue damage rates may be estimated. The technique is evaluated by comparing these estimates with damage estimates derived from actual bending moment data; the agreement between the two is quite good. The simple connection between wind measurements and fatigue provided by the model now allows one to readily discriminate between damaging and more benign wind environments.
Barnard, J.C.; Wendell, L.L.
Wind Turbine Blade Test Definition of the DeWind DW90 Rotor Blade: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-09-326
This CRADA was developed as a funds-in CRADA with DeWind to assess the suitability of facilities and equipment at the NWTC for performing certification blade testing on wind turbine blades made from advanced materials. DeWind produces a wind turbine blade which includes the use of high-strength and stiffness materials. NREL and DeWind had a mutual interest in defining the necessary facilities, equipment, and test methods for testing large wind turbine blades which incorporate advanced materials and adaptive structures, as the demands on test equipment and infrastructure are greater than current capabilities. Work under this CRADA would enable DeWind to verify domestic capability for certification-class static and fatigue testing, while NREL would be able to identify and develop specialized test capabilities based on the test requirements.
Definition of a 5MW/61.5m wind turbine blade reference model.
A basic structural concept of the blade design that is associated with the frequently utilized %E2%80%9CNREL offshore 5-MW baseline wind turbine%E2%80%9D is needed for studies involving blade structural design and blade structural design tools. The blade structural design documented in this report represents a concept that meets basic design criteria set forth by IEC standards for the onshore turbine. The design documented in this report is not a fully vetted blade design which is ready for manufacture. The intent of the structural concept described by this report is to provide a good starting point for more detailed and targeted investigations such as blade design optimization, blade design tool verification, blade materials and structures investigations, and blade design standards evaluation. This report documents the information used to create the current model as well as the analyses used to verify that the blade structural performance meets reasonable blade design criteria.
Resor, Brian Ray
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
- 5:11pm Addthis This wind tunnel constructed by NREL engineers will test the small wind turbines designed by 10 university teams competing in DOE's Collegiate Wind Competition....
Wind Turbine Blade Design | GE Global Research
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched FerromagnetismWaste and MaterialsWenjun DengWISPWind Industry Soars toWind»
FATIGUE RESISTANT FIBERGLASS LAMINATES FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES (published for Wind Energy 1996, ASME, pp. 46-51)
FATIGUE RESISTANT FIBERGLASS LAMINATES FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES (published for Wind Energy 1996/MSU database to lifetime prediction as described in Ref. [1]. INTRODUCTION Most U.S. fiberglass wind turbine of unidirectional (0E) and �45 stranded fabric layers, typical blade materials, vary significantly in tensile
LQG control of horizontal wind turbines for blades and tower loads alleviation
LQG control of horizontal wind turbines for blades and tower loads alleviation A. Pintea*, N of power produced by two bladed horizontal variable speed wind turbines. The proposed controller ensures oscillations and with the tower bending tendency. Keywords: LQG control, Wind turbines, Multi-objective control
Risø-R-Report Improved design for large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 3) - Summary: Improved design for large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 3) - Summary report Division: 1 char.): An overview is given of the activities of the project "Improved design for large wind turbine
Blade Offset and Pitch Effects on a High Solidity Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Blade Offset and Pitch Effects on a High Solidity Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Andrzej J. Fiedler ABSTRACT A high solidity, small scale, 2.5m diameter by 3m high Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT in an open-air wind tunnel facility to investigate the effects of preset toe-in and toe-out turbine blade
A Critical Assessment of Computer Tools for Calculating Composite Wind Turbine Blade Properties
A Critical Assessment of Computer Tools for Calculating Composite Wind Turbine Blade Properties Hui assess several computer tools for calculating the inertial and structural properties of wind turbine, and a realistic composite wind turbine blade are used to evaluate the performance of different tools
Yu, Wenbin
PREDICTION OF DELAM INATION IN WIND TURBINE BLADE STRUCTURAL DETAILS John F. Mandell, Douglas S. Cairns
in Reference 3, available on the Sandia web site www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/Wind_Energy/. DELAMINATION1 PREDICTION OF DELAM INATION IN WIND TURBINE BLADE STRUCTURAL DETAILS John F. Mandell, Douglas S materials structures such as wind turbine blades. Design methodologies to prevent such failures have
Resonances of a Forced Mathieu Equation with Reference to Wind Turbine Blades
Resonances of a Forced Mathieu Equation with Reference to Wind Turbine Blades Venkatanarayanan Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Abstract A horizontal axis wind turbine blade in steady rotation endures cyclic transverse loading due to wind shear, tower shadowing
Feeny, Brian
Manufacturing Defects Common to Composite Wind Turbine Blades: Effects of Defects
uni-directional wind turbine fiber-reinforced composite material with an epoxy resin were utilized of wind turbine blades have essentially dictated the use of low cost fiberglass composite materials. Even1 Manufacturing Defects Common to Composite Wind Turbine Blades: Effects of Defects Jared W. Nelson
Mixed Mode Static and Fatigue Crack Growth in Wind Blade Paste Adhesives
, static GIc and mixed mode fracture, and fatigue crack growth resistance. I. Introduction Wind turbine blades are large composite structures which are typically resin infusion molded in sections
EFFECTS OF TOUGHENED MATRIX RESINS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES by Ricardo Orozco turbine energy project. #12;v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES
a large scale wind turbine are the tower, blades, and gearcost of large wind turbine (REpower MM92) Tower Rotor bladesa utility-scale wind turbine. Towers run from 40-100 meters,
Wind turbine composite blade manufacturing : the need for understanding defect origins, prevalence, implications and reliability.
Renewable energy is an important element in the US strategy for mitigating our dependence on non-domestic oil. Wind energy has emerged as a viable and commercially successful renewable energy source. This is the impetus for the 20% wind energy by 2030 initiative in the US. Furthermore, wind energy is important on to enable a global economy. This is the impetus for such rapid, recent growth. Wind turbine blades are a major structural element of a wind turbine blade. Wind turbine blades have near aerospace quality demands at commodity prices; often two orders of magnitude less cost than a comparable aerospace structure. Blade failures are currently as the second most critical concern for wind turbine reliability. Early blade failures typically occur at manufacturing defects. There is a need to understand how to quantify, disposition, and mitigate manufacturing defects to protect the current wind turbine fleet, and for the future. This report is an overview of the needs, approaches, and strategies for addressing the effect of defects in wind turbine blades. The overall goal is to provide the wind turbine industry with a hierarchical procedure for addressing blade manufacturing defects relative to wind turbine reliability.
Cairns, Douglas S. (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Riddle, Trey (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Nelson, Jared (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT)
Multi-piece wind turbine rotor blades and wind turbines incorporating same
A multisection blade for a wind turbine includes a hub extender having a pitch bearing at one end, a skirt or fairing having a hole therethrough and configured to mount over the hub extender, and an outboard section configured to couple to the pitch bearing.
Moroz; Emilian Mieczyslaw (San Diego, CA) [San Diego, CA
Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Large-Scale Mono-Column Offshore Wind Turbine with a Single Tether Hinged in Seabed
The increased interest in the offshore wind resource in both industry and academic and the extension of the wind field where offshore wind turbine can be deployed has stimulated quite a number of offshore wind turbines concepts. This thesis presents...
Chen, Jieyan
Swept Blade Aero-Elastic Model for a Small Wind Turbine (Presentation)
A preprocessor for analyzing preswept wind turbines using the in-house aero-elastic tool coupled with a multibody dynamic simulator was developed. A baseline 10-kW small wind turbine with straight blades and various configurations that featured bend-torsion coupling via blade-tip sweep were investigated to study their impact on ultimate loads and fatigue damage equivalent loads.
Damiani, R.; Lee, S.; Larwood, S.
CFD Simulation of Dynamic Thrust and Radial Forces on a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade
CFD Simulation of Dynamic Thrust and Radial Forces on a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade K. Mc vibration source of a small scale vertical axis wind turbine. The dynamic loading on the blades of the turbine, as they rotate about the central shaft and travel through a range of relative angles of attack
46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 7-10, 2008, Reno, Nevada A Smart Wind Turbine Blade Using Distributed
46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 7-10, 2008, Reno, Nevada A Smart Wind Turbine Blade Using of "smart" wind turbine blades with integrated sensor-actuator-controller modules to im- prove
Nelson, Robert C.
Proof-of-Concept Manufacturing and Testing of Composite Wind Generator Blades Made by HCBMP (High Compression Bladder Molded Prepreg)
Proof-of-Concept Manufacturing and Testing of Composite Wind Generator Blades Made by HCBMP (High Compression Bladder Molded Prepreg)
William C. Leighty; DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett
Composite Wind Turbine Blade Effects of Defects: Part B--Progressive Damage Modeling of Fiberglass/Epoxy
Composite Wind Turbine Blade Effects of Defects: Part B-- Progressive Damage Modeling of Fiberglass for the reliability of modern composite wind turbine blades. The DOE has sponsored a comprehensive study to a wind turbine blade reliability infrastructure. To support this development of a reliability
Approach to the fatigue analysis of vertical-axis wind-turbine blades
A cursory analysis of the stress history of wind turbine blades indicates that a single stress level at each wind speed does not adequately describe the blade stress history. A statistical description is required. Blade stress data collected from the DOE/ALCOA Low Cost experimental turbines indicate that the Rayleigh probability density function adequately describes the distribution of vibratory stresses at each wind speed. The Rayleigh probability density function allows the distribution of vibratory stresses to be described by the RMS of the stress vs. time signal. With the RMS stress level described for all wind speeds, the complete stress history of the turbine blades is known. Miner's linear cumulative damage rule is used as a basis for summing the fatigue damage over all operating conditions. An analytical expression is derived to predict blade fatigue life.
Veers, P.S.
3-D Time-Accurate CFD Simulations of Wind Turbine Rotor Flow Fields
problems such as helicopter rotors and propellers. In particular, wind turbine blades can experience large from the tower support on downwind, horizontal axis wind turbines. These blade/inflow/tower wake in large scale wind turbines, because the blade passage frequency is well below the audible range
Structural damage identification in wind turbine blades using piezoelectric active sensing with ultrasonic validation
This paper gives a brief overview of a new project at LANL in structural damage identification for wind turbines. This project makes use of modeling capabilities and sensing technology to understand realistic blade loading on large turbine blades, with the goal of developing the technology needed to automatically detect early damage. Several structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques using piezoelectric active materials are being investigated for the development of wireless, low power sensors that interrogate sections of the wind turbine blade using Lamb wave propagation data, frequency response functions (FRFs), and time-series analysis methods. The modeling and sensor research will be compared with extensive experimental testing, including wind tunnel experiments, load and fatigue tests, and ultrasonic scans - on small- to mid-scale turbine blades. Furthermore, this study will investigate the effect of local damage on the global response of the blade by monitoring low-frequency response changes.
Claytor, Thomas N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ammerman, Curtt N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyu Hae [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farinholt, Kevin M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farrar, Charles R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Atterbury, Marie K [Los Alamos National Laboratory
A Predictive Maintenance Policy Based on the Blade of Offshore Wind Wenjin Zhu, Troyes University of Technology
A Predictive Maintenance Policy Based on the Blade of Offshore Wind Turbine Wenjin Zhu, Troyes, Paris-Erdogan law, rotor blade, wind turbine SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS Based on the modeling and the better quality of the wind resource in the sea, the installation of wind turbines is shifting from
DAMAGE DETECTION IN A WIND TURBINE BLADE BASED ON TIME SERIES Simon Hoell, Piotr Omenzetter
DAMAGE DETECTION IN A WIND TURBINE BLADE BASED ON TIME SERIES METHODS Simon Hoell, Piotr Omenzetter, the consequences are growing sizes of wind turbines (WTs) and erections in remote places, such as off in the past years, thus efficient energy harvesting becomes more important. For the sector of wind energy
Stress and Fracture Analysis of a Class of Bonded Joints in Wind Turbine Blades
A simplified model is proposed to investigate the stress fields and the strain energy release rate (SERR) associated with cracks in bonded joints in wind turbine blades. The proposed two-dimensional model consists of nonparallel upper and lower...
Chen, Chang
FATIGUE OF SKIN-STIFFENER INTERSECTIONS IN COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE STRUCTURES by Robert B in the Instron and Composite Laboratories toward the end of the experimental research. Finally, special thanks
BeamDyn: A High-Fidelity Wind Turbine Blade Solver in the FAST...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
BeamDyn: A High-Fidelity Wind Turbine Blade Solver in the FAST Modular Framework: Preprint Re-direct Destination: BeamDyn, a Legendre-spectral-finite-element implementation of...
TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE EFFECTS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES by Mei Li A thesis graduate students in the composite materials group for their help and kindness. Finally, thanks to my dear
FRACTURE OF SKIN-STIFFENER INTERSECTIONS IN COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE STRUCTURES by Darrin John to the other graduate students in the composite materials group for your smiles and friendships over the past Material .........................................................................................10
Large-Scale in the United
Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS, including 10% post consumer waste. #12;Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States ASSESSMENT Energy, Office of Wind and Water Power Technologies for their financial and technical support
The new Wind Technology Test Center is the only facility in the nation capable of testing wind turbine blades up to
turbine blades up to 90 meters in length. A critical factor to wind turbine design and development is the ability to test new designs, components, and materials. In addition, wind turbine blade manufacturers are required to test their blades as part of the turbine certification process. The National Renewable Energy
Abstract--As a common tendency, large-scale wind farms are increasingly connected to the transmission system of modern
stability I. INTRODUCTION arge-scale wind power plants are increasingly integrated into the transmission regulation. For variable-speed wind turbines which are connected to the power system through power electronic convertors, one advantage is that the output active power and reactive power can be controlled separately
Chen, Zhe
Impact of Distribution-Connected Large-Scale Wind Turbines on Transmission System Stability during Large Disturbances: Preprint
This work examines the dynamic impacts of distributed utility-scale wind power during contingency events on both the distribution system and the transmission system. It is the first step toward investigating high penetrations of distribution-connected wind power's impact on both distribution and transmission stability.
Zhang, Y.; Allen, A.; Hodge, B. M.
Modal analysis and SHM investigation of CX-100 wind turbine blade
This paper presents the dynamic characterization of a CX-100 wind turbine blade using modal testing. Obtaining a thorough dynamic characterization of turbine blades is important because they are complex structures, making them very difficult to accurately model without supplementing with experimental data. The results of this dynamic characterization can be used to validate a numerical model and understand the effect of structural damage on the performance of the blades. Also covered is an exploration into Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques employed on the blade surface to detect changes in the blade dynamic properties. SHM design parameters such as traveling distance of the wave were examined . Results obtained during modal and SHM testing will provide a baseline for future work in blade damage detection and mitigation.
Deines, Krystal E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Marinone, Timothy [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Schultz, Ryan A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farinholt, Kevin R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory
ANEMOS: Development of a Next Generation Wind Power Forecasting System for the Large-Scale Integration of Onshore &
-NTUA, Greece. * email@example.com, tel:+33-493957501, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre d'Energetique 6% to 12% by 2010. Under this target, the problem of integration of RES and namely of wind energy
Aerodynamic pressure and flow-visualization measurement from a rotating wind turbine blade
Aerodynamic, load, flow-visualization, and inflow measurements have been made on a 10-m, three-bladed, downwind, horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). A video camera mounted on the rotor was used to record nighttime and daytime video images of tufts attached to the low-pressure side of a constant-chord, zero-twist blade. Load measurements were made using strain gages mounted at every 10% of the blade's span. Pressure measurements were made at 80% of the blade's span. Pressure taps were located at 32 chordwise positions, revealing pressure distributions comparable with wind tunnel data. Inflow was measured using a vertical-plane array of eight propvane and five triaxial (U-V-W) prop-type anemometers located 10 m upwind in the predominant wind direction. One objective of this comprehensive research program was to study the effects of blade rotation on aerodynamic behavior below, near, and beyond stall. To this end, flow patterns are presented here that reveal the dynamic and steady behavior of flow conditions on the blade. Pressure distributions are compared to flow patterns and two-dimensional wind tunnel data. Separation boundary locations are shown that change as a function of spanwise location, pitch angle, and wind speed. 6 refs., 23 figs., 1 tab.
Butterfield, C.P.
Supply Chain and Blade Manufacturing Considerations in the Global Wind Industry (Presentation)
This briefing provides an overview of supply chain developments in the global wind industry and a detailed assessment of blade manufacturing considerations for U.S. end-markets. The report discusses the international trade flows of wind power equipment, blade manufacturing and logistical costs, and qualitative issues that often influence factory location decisions. To help guide policy and research and development strategy decisions, this report offers a comprehensive perspective of both quantitative and qualitative factors that affect selected supply chain developments in the growing wind power industry.
James, T.; Goodrich, A.
Structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades : SE 265 Final Project.
ACME Wind Turbine Corporation has contacted our dynamic analysis firm regarding structural health monitoring of their wind turbine blades. ACME has had several failures in previous years. Examples are shown in Figure 1. These failures have resulted in economic loss for the company due to down time of the turbines (lost revenue) and repair costs. Blade failures can occur in several modes, which may depend on the type of construction and load history. Cracking and delamination are some typical modes of blade failure. ACME warranties its turbines and wishes to decrease the number of blade failures they have to repair and replace. The company wishes to implement a real time structural health monitoring system in order to better understand when blade replacement is necessary. Because of warranty costs incurred to date, ACME is interested in either changing the warranty period for the blades in question or predicting imminent failure before it occurs. ACME's current practice is to increase the number of physical inspections when blades are approaching the end of their fatigue lives. Implementation of an in situ monitoring system would eliminate or greatly reduce the need for such physical inspections. Another benefit of such a monitoring system is that the life of any given component could be extended since real conditions would be monitored. The SHM system designed for ACME must be able to operate while the wind turbine is in service. This means that wireless communication options will likely be implemented. Because blade failures occur due to cyclic stresses in the blade material, the sensing system will focus on monitoring strain at various points.
Barkley, W. C. (Walter C.); Jacobs, Laura D.; Rutherford, A. C. (Amanda C.); Puckett, Anthony
A comparison of predicted wind turbine blade loads to test measurements
The accurate prediction of wind turbine blade loads and response is important in predicting the fatigue life of wind machines. At the SERI Wind Energy Research Center, a rotor code called FLAP (Force and Loads Analysis Program) is currently being validated by comparing predicted results to machine measurements. The FLAP code has been modified to allow the teetering degrees of freedom. This paper describes these modifications and comparisons of predicted blade bending moments to test measurements. Wind tunnel data for a 1/20th scale model will be used to compare FLAP predictions for the cyclic flap-bending moments at the 33% spanwise station for three different wind speeds. The comparisons will be made for both rigid and teetering hubs. Currently, the FLAP code accounts for deterministic excitations such as wind shear, tower shadow, gravity, and prescribed yawing motions. Conclusions will be made regarding the code's accuracy in predicting the cyclic bending moments.
Wright, A.D.; Thresher, R.W.
7th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms Models for HLI analysis of power systems with
for Offshore Wind Farms 1 Models for HLI analysis of power systems with offshore wind farms and distributed power plants, distributed generation and offshore wind farms. Particular attention is paid to the latter]-[4], but there is a lack of models of offshore wind farms, which introduce new issues for their representation, due to some
Application of piezoelectric active-sensors for SHM of wind turbine blades
The goal of this study is to characterize the dynamic response of a CX-100 wind blade and the design parameters of SHM techniques as they apply to wind turbine blades, and to investigate the performance of high-frequency active-sensing SHM techniques, including lamb wave and frequency response functions, as a way to monitor the health of a wind turbine blade. The results of the dynamic characterization will be used to validate a numerical model and understand the effect of structural damage on the performance of the blades. The focus of SHM study is to assess and compare the performance of each method in identifying incipient damage, with a special consideration given to field deployability. For experiments, a 9-m CX-100 blade was used. Overall, the methods yielded sufficient damage detection to warrant further investigation into field deployment. This paper also summarizes the SHM results of a full-scale fatigue test of 9-m CX-100 blade using piezoelectric active-sensors.
Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Taylor, Stuart G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farinholt, Kevin M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farrar, Charles R [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Large-Scale Uncertainty and Error Analysis for Time-dependent Fluid/Structure Interactions in Wind Turbine Applications
The following is the final report covering the entire period of this aforementioned grant, June 1, 2011 - May 31, 2013 for the portion of the effort corresponding to Stanford University (SU). SU has partnered with Sandia National Laboratories (PI: Mike S. Eldred) and Purdue University (PI: Dongbin Xiu) to complete this research project and this final report includes those contributions made by the members of the team at Stanford. Dr. Eldred is continuing his contributions to this project under a no-cost extension and his contributions to the overall effort will be detailed at a later time (once his effort has concluded) on a separate project submitted by Sandia National Laboratories. At Stanford, the team is made up of Profs. Alonso, Iaccarino, and Duraisamy, post-doctoral researcher Vinod Lakshminarayan, and graduate student Santiago Padron. At Sandia National Laboratories, the team includes Michael Eldred, Matt Barone, John Jakeman, and Stefan Domino, and at Purdue University, we have Prof. Dongbin Xiu as our main collaborator. The overall objective of this project was to develop a novel, comprehensive methodology for uncertainty quantification by combining stochastic expansions (nonintrusive polynomial chaos and stochastic collocation), the adjoint approach, and fusion with experimental data to account for aleatory and epistemic uncertainties from random variable, random field, and model form sources. The expected outcomes of this activity were detailed in the proposal and are repeated here to set the stage for the results that we have generated during the time period of execution of this project: 1. The rigorous determination of an error budget comprising numerical errors in physical space and statistical errors in stochastic space and its use for optimal allocation of resources; 2. A considerable increase in efficiency when performing uncertainty quantification with a large number of uncertain variables in complex non-linear multi-physics problems; 3. A solution to the long-time integration problem of spectral chaos approaches; 4. A rigorous methodology to account for aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, to emphasize the most important variables via dimension reduction and dimension-adaptive refinement, and to support fusion with experimental data using Bayesian inference; 5. The application of novel methodologies to time-dependent reliability studies in wind turbine applications including a number of efforts relating to the uncertainty quantification in vertical-axis wind turbine applications. In this report, we summarize all accomplishments in the project (during the time period specified) focusing on advances in UQ algorithms and deployment efforts to the wind turbine application area. Detailed publications in each of these areas have also been completed and are available from the respective conference proceedings and journals as detailed in a later section.
Alonso, Juan J. [Stanford University; Iaccarino, Gianluca [Stanford University
The determination of stochastic loads on horizontal axis wind turbine blades
The FAST Code which is capable of determining structural loads of a flexible, teetering, horizontal axis wind turbine is described and comparisons of calculated loads with test data are given at two wind speeds for the ESI-80. The FAST Code models a two-bladed HAWT with degrees-of-freedom for blade bending, teeter, drive train flexibility, yaw, and windwise and crosswind tower motion. The code allows blade dimensions, stiffnesses, and weights to differ and the code models tower shadow, wind shear, and turbulence. Additionally, dynamic stall is included as are delta-3 and an underslung rotor. Load comparisons are made with ESI-80 test data in the form of power spectral density, rainflow counting occurrence histograms, and azimuth averaged bin plots. It is concluded that agreement between the FAST Code and test results is good.
Freeman, L.N.; Wilson, R.E. [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Fiber-Optic Defect and Damage Locator System for Wind Turbine Blades
IFOS in collaboration with Auburn University demonstrated the feasibility of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) integrated sensor system capable of providing real time in-situ defect detection, localization and quantification of damage. In addition, the system is capable of validating wind turbine blade structural models, using recent advances in non-contact, non-destructive dynamic testing of composite structures. This new generation method makes it possible to analyze wind turbine blades not only non-destructively, but also without physically contacting or implanting intrusive electrical elements and transducers into the structure. Phase I successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the technology with the construction of a 1.5 kHz sensor interrogator and preliminary instrumentation and testing of both composite material coupons and a wind turbine blade.
Dr. Vahid Sotoudeh; Dr. Richard J. Black; Dr. Behzad Moslehi; Mr. Aleks Plavsic
Potential for Reducing Blade-Tip Acoustic Emissions for Small Wind Turbines: June 1, 2007 - July 31, 2008
This report provides results of wind tunnel aroacoustic tests conducted on a small wind turbine blade in the open-jet test section of the Georgia Tech Research Institute Flight Simulation Facility.
Migliore, P.
The objective of the program was to demonstrate and verify Certification-by-Analysis (CBA) capability for wind turbine blades made from advanced lightweight composite materials. The approach integrated durability and damage tolerance analysis with robust design and virtual testing capabilities to deliver superior, durable, low weight, low cost, long life, and reliable wind blade design. The GENOA durability and life prediction software suite was be used as the primary simulation tool. First, a micromechanics-based computational approach was used to assess the durability of composite laminates with ply drop features commonly used in wind turbine applications. Ply drops occur in composite joints and closures of wind turbine blades to reduce skin thicknesses along the blade span. They increase localized stress concentration, which may cause premature delamination failure in composite and reduced fatigue service life. Durability and damage tolerance (D&DT) were evaluated utilizing a multi-scale micro-macro progressive failure analysis (PFA) technique. PFA is finite element based and is capable of detecting all stages of material damage including initiation and propagation of delamination. It assesses multiple failure criteria and includes the effects of manufacturing anomalies (i.e., void, fiber waviness). Two different approaches have been used within PFA. The first approach is Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) PFA while the second one is strength-based. Constituent stiffness and strength properties for glass and carbon based material systems were reverse engineered for use in D&DT evaluation of coupons with ply drops under static loading. Lamina and laminate properties calculated using manufacturing and composite architecture details matched closely published test data. Similarly, resin properties were determined for fatigue life calculation. The simulation not only reproduced static strength and fatigue life as observed in the test, it also showed composite damage and fracture modes that resemble those reported in the tests. The results show that computational simulation can be relied on to enhance the design of tapered composite structures such as the ones used in turbine wind blades. A computational simulation for durability, damage tolerance (D&DT) and reliability of composite wind turbine blade structures in presence of uncertainties in material properties was performed. A composite turbine blade was first assessed with finite element based multi-scale progressive failure analysis to determine failure modes and locations as well as the fracture load. D&DT analyses were then validated with static test performed at Sandia National Laboratories. The work was followed by detailed weight analysis to identify contribution of various materials to the overall weight of the blade. The methodology ensured that certain types of failure modes, such as delamination progression, are contained to reduce risk to the structure. Probabilistic analysis indicated that composite shear strength has a great influence on the blade ultimate load under static loading. Weight was reduced by 12% with robust design without loss in reliability or D&DT. Structural benefits obtained with the use of enhanced matrix properties through nanoparticles infusion were also assessed. Thin unidirectional fiberglass layers enriched with silica nanoparticles were applied to the outer surfaces of a wind blade to improve its overall structural performance and durability. The wind blade was a 9-meter prototype structure manufactured and tested subject to three saddle static loading at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). The blade manufacturing did not include the use of any nano-material. With silica nanoparticles in glass composite applied to the exterior surfaces of the blade, the durability and damage tolerance (D&DT) results from multi-scale PFA showed an increase in ultimate load of the blade by 9.2% as compared to baseline structural performance (without nano). The use of nanoparticles lead to a delay in the onset of delamination. Load-displacement relati
Galib Abumeri; Frank Abdi (PhD)
Static and Fatigue Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Subject to Cold Weather Conditions Using Finite Element Analysis
Static and Fatigue Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Subject to Cold Weather Conditions Using Finite Turbine Blades Subject to Cold Weather Conditions Using Finite Element Analysis by Patricio Andres Lillo experienced in candi- date Canadian wind turbine deployment locations. The thesis then narrows its focus
Victoria, University of
Sandia National Laboratories: investigate wind blade inspection methods
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1developmentturbine blade manufacturing therenewableswind blade inspection methods
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia River Gorge. Photo: C. Bruce Forster
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia with juvenile bypass systems to keep the smolts out of the turbines. But given the gravity of the [salmon
Implementation of a Biaxial Resonant Fatigue Test Method on a Large Wind Turbine Blade
A biaxial resonant test method was utilized to simultaneously fatigue test a wind turbine blade in the flap and edge (lead-lag) direction. Biaxial resonant blade fatigue testing is an accelerated life test method utilizing oscillating masses on the blade; each mass is independently oscillated at the respective flap and edge blade resonant frequency. The flap and edge resonant frequency were not controlled, nor were they constant for this demonstrated test method. This biaxial resonant test method presented surmountable challenges in test setup simulation, control and data processing. Biaxial resonant testing has the potential to complete test projects faster than single-axis testing. The load modulation during a biaxial resonant test may necessitate periodic load application above targets or higher applied test cycles.
Snowberg, D.; Dana, S.; Hughes, S.; Berling, P.
Necessity and Requirements of a Collaborative Effort to Develop a Large Wind Turbine Blade Test Facility in North America
The wind power industry in North America has an immediate need for larger blade test facilities to ensure the survival of the industry. Blade testing is necessary to meet certification and investor requirements and is critical to achieving the reliability and blade life needed for the wind turbine industry to succeed. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Wind Program is exploring options for collaborating with government, private, or academic entities in a partnership to build larger blade test facilities in North America capable of testing blades up to at least 70 m in length. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) prepared this report for DOE to describe the immediate need to pursue larger blade test facilities in North America, categorize the numerous prospective partners for a North American collaboration, and document the requirements for a North American test facility.
Cotrell, J.; Musial, W.; Hughes, S.
Structural and Damage Assessment of Multi-Section Modular Hybrid Composite Wind Turbine Blade
the size of wind turbines to generate higher power output. Typically, the larger/longer blade designs rely on hybrid material systems such as carbon and/or glass fiber (CF/GF) reinforced polymers to improve specific stiffness/strength and damage tolerance...
Nanami, Norimichi
Development and Analysis of a Swept Blade Aeroelastic Model for a Small Wind Turbine (Presentation)
As part of the U.S. Department-of-Energy-funded Competitiveness Improvement Project, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed new capabilities for aeroelastic modeling of precurved and preswept blades for small wind turbines. This presentation covers the quest for optimized rotors, computer-aided engineering tools, a case study, and summary of the results.
Preus, R.; Damiani, R.; Lee, S.; Larwood, S.
Vibration and Structural Response of Hybrid Wind Turbine Blades
sources. Wind energy is capable of providing 72 TW (TW = 10^12 W) of electric power, which is approximately four and half times the world energy consumption of 15.8 TW as reported in 2006. Since power output extracted from wind turbines is proportional...
Survey of techniques for reduction of wind turbine blade trailing edge noise.
Aerodynamic noise from wind turbine rotors leads to constraints in both rotor design and turbine siting. The primary source of aerodynamic noise on wind turbine rotors is the interaction of turbulent boundary layers on the blades with the blade trailing edges. This report surveys concepts that have been proposed for trailing edge noise reduction, with emphasis on concepts that have been tested at either sub-scale or full-scale. These concepts include trailing edge serrations, low-noise airfoil designs, trailing edge brushes, and porous trailing edges. The demonstrated noise reductions of these concepts are cited, along with their impacts on aerodynamic performance. An assessment is made of future research opportunities in trailing edge noise reduction for wind turbine rotors.
Barone, Matthew Franklin
Wind turbine rotor blade with in-plane sweep and devices using same, and methods for making same
A wind turbine includes a rotor having a hub and at least one blade having a torsionally rigid root, an inboard section, and an outboard section. The inboard section has a forward sweep relative to an elastic axis of the blade and the outboard section has an aft sweep.
Wetzel, Kyle Kristopher (Lawrence, KS)
Wind turbine rotor blade with in-plane sweep and devices using the same, and methods for making the same
Wetzel, Kyle Kristopher
Guidelines for reducing dynamic loads in two-bladed teetering-hub downwind wind turbines
A major goal of the federal Wind Energy Program is the rapid development and validation of structural models to determine loads and response for a wide variety of different wind turbine configurations operating under extreme conditions. Such codes are crucial to the successful design of future advanced wind turbines. In previous papers the authors described steps they took to develop a model of a two-bladed teetering-hub downwind wind turbine using ADAMS{reg_sign} (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems), as well as comparison of model predictions to test data. In this paper they show the use of this analytical model to study the influence of various turbine parameters on predicted system loads. They concentrate their study on turbine response in the frequency range of six to ten times the rotor rotational frequency (6P to 10P). Their goal is to identify the most important parameters which influence the response of this type of machine in this frequency range and give turbine designers some general design guidelines for designing two-bladed teetering-hub machines to be less susceptible to vibration. They study the effects of such parameters as blade edgewise and flapwise stiffness, tower top stiffness, blade tip-brake mass, low-speed shaft stiffness, nacelle mass momenta of inertia, and rotor speed. They show which parameters can be varied in order to make the turbine less responsive to such atmospheric inputs as wind shear and tower shadow. They then give designers a set of design guidelines in order to show how these machines can be designed to be less responsive to these inputs.
Wright, A.D.; Bir, G.S.; Butterfield, C.D.
Base excitation testing system using spring elements to pivotally mount wind turbine blades
A system (1100) for fatigue testing wind turbine blades (1102) through forced or resonant excitation of the base (1104) of a blade (1102). The system (1100) includes a test stand (1112) and a restoring spring assembly (1120) mounted on the test stand (1112). The restoring spring assembly (1120) includes a primary spring element (1124) that extends outward from the test stand (1112) to a blade mounting plate (1130) configured to receive a base (1104) of blade (1102). During fatigue testing, a supported base (1104) of a blad (1102) may be pivotally mounted to the test stand (1112) via the restoring spring assembly (1120). The system (1100) may include an excitation input assembly (1140) that is interconnected with the blade mouting plate (1130) to selectively apply flapwise, edgewise, and/or pitch excitation forces. The restoring spring assemply (1120) may include at least one tuning spring member (1127) positioned adjacent to the primary spring element (1124) used to tune the spring constant or stiffness of the primary spring element (1124) in one of the excitation directions.
Cotrell, Jason; Hughes, Scott; Butterfield, Sandy; Lambert, Scott
CFD analysis of rotating two-bladed flatback wind turbine rotor.
The effects of modifying the inboard portion of the NREL Phase VI rotor using a thickened, flatback version of the S809 design airfoil are studied using a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method. A motivation for using such a thicker airfoil design coupled with a blunt trailing edge is to alleviate structural constraints while reducing blade weight and maintaining the power performance of the rotor. The calculated results for the baseline Phase VI rotor are benchmarked against wind tunnel results obtained at 10, 7, and 5 meters per second. The calculated results for the modified rotor are compared against those of the baseline rotor. The results of this study demonstrate that a thick, flatback blade profile is viable as a bridge to connect structural requirements with aerodynamic performance in designing future wind turbine rotors.
van Dam, C.P. (University of California, David, CA); Chao, David D.; Berg, Dale E. (University of California, David, CA)
BeamDyn: A High-Fidelity Wind Turbine Blade Solver in the FAST Modular Framework: Preprint
BeamDyn, a Legendre-spectral-finite-element implementation of geometrically exact beam theory (GEBT), was developed to meet the design challenges associated with highly flexible composite wind turbine blades. In this paper, the governing equations of GEBT are reformulated into a nonlinear state-space form to support its coupling within the modular framework of the FAST wind turbine computer-aided engineering (CAE) tool. Different time integration schemes (implicit and explicit) were implemented and examined for wind turbine analysis. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capability of this new beam solver. An example analysis of a realistic wind turbine blade, the CX-100, is also presented as validation.
Wang, Q.; Sprague, M.; Jonkman, J.; Johnson, N.
Investigation of Dynamic Aerodynamics and Control of Wind Turbine Sections Under Relevant Inflow/Blade Attitude Conditions
The growth of wind turbines has led to highly variable loading on the blades. Coupled with the relative reduced stiffness of longer blades, the need to control loading on the blades has become important. One method of controlling loads and maximizing energy extraction is local control of the flow on the wind turbine blades. The goal of the present work was to better understand the sources of the unsteady loading and then to control them. This is accomplished through an experimental effort to characterize the unsteadiness and the effect of a Gurney flap on the flow, as well as an analytical effort to develop control approaches. It was planned to combine these two efforts to demonstrate control of a wind tunnel test model, but that final piece still remains to be accomplished.
Naughton, Jonathan W. [University of Wyoming
Analysis of SNL/MSU/DOE fatigue database trends for wind turbine blade materials.
This report presents an analysis of trends in fatigue results from the Montana State University program on the fatigue of composite materials for wind turbine blades for the period 2005-2009. Test data can be found in the SNL/MSU/DOE Fatigue of Composite Materials Database which is updated annually. This is the fifth report in this series, which summarizes progress of the overall program since its inception in 1989. The primary thrust of this program has been research and testing of a broad range of structural laminate materials of interest to blade structures. The report is focused on current types of infused and prepreg blade materials, either processed in-house or by industry partners. Trends in static and fatigue performance are analyzed for a range of materials, geometries and loading conditions. Materials include: sixteen resins of three general types, five epoxy based paste adhesives, fifteen reinforcing fabrics including three fiber types, three prepregs, many laminate lay-ups and process variations. Significant differences in static and fatigue performance and delamination resistance are quantified for particular materials and process conditions. When blades do fail, the likely cause is fatigue in the structural detail areas or at major flaws. The program is focused strongly on these issues in addition to standard laminates. Structural detail tests allow evaluation of various blade materials options in the context of more realistic representations of blade structure than do the standard test methods. Types of structural details addressed in this report include ply drops used in thickness tapering, and adhesive joints, each tested over a range of fatigue loading conditions. Ply drop studies were in two areas: (1) a combined experimental and finite element study of basic ply drop delamination parameters for glass and carbon prepreg laminates, and (2) the development of a complex structured resin-infused coupon including ply drops, for comparison studies of various resins, fabrics and pry drop thicknesses. Adhesive joint tests using typical blade adhesives included both generic testing of materials parameters using a notched-lap-shear test geometry developed in this study, and also a series of simulated blade web joint geometries fabricated by an industry partner.
Mandell, John F. (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Ashwill, Thomas D.; Wilson, Timothy J. (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Sears, Aaron T. (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Agastra, Pancasatya (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT); Laird, Daniel L.; Samborsky, Daniel D. (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT)
Nonlinear Legendre Spectral Finite Elements for Wind Turbine Blade Dynamics: Preprint
This paper presents a numerical implementation and examination of new wind turbine blade finite element model based on Geometrically Exact Beam Theory (GEBT) and a high-order spectral finite element method. The displacement-based GEBT is presented, which includes the coupling effects that exist in composite structures and geometric nonlinearity. Legendre spectral finite elements (LSFEs) are high-order finite elements with nodes located at the Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto points. LSFEs can be an order of magnitude more efficient that low-order finite elements for a given accuracy level. Interpolation of the three-dimensional rotation, a major technical barrier in large-deformation simulation, is discussed in the context of LSFEs. It is shown, by numerical example, that the high-order LSFEs, where weak forms are evaluated with nodal quadrature, do not suffer from a drawback that exists in low-order finite elements where the tangent-stiffness matrix is calculated at the Gauss points. Finally, the new LSFE code is implemented in the new FAST Modularization Framework for dynamic simulation of highly flexible composite-material wind turbine blades. The framework allows for fully interactive simulations of turbine blades in operating conditions. Numerical examples showing validation and LSFE performance will be provided in the final paper.
Wang, Q.; Sprague, M. A.; Jonkman, J.; Johnson, N.
Measured and predicted rotor performance for the SERI advanced wind turbine blades
Measured and predicted rotor performance for the SERI advanced wind turbine blades were compared to assess the accuracy of predictions and to identify the sources of error affecting both predictions and measurements. An awareness of these sources of error contributes to improved prediction and measurement methods that will ultimately benefit future rotor design efforts. Propeller/vane anemometers were found to underestimate the wind speed in turbulent environments such as the San Gorgonio Pass wind farm area. Using sonic or cup anemometers, good agreement was achieved between predicted and measured power output for wind speeds up to 8 m/sec. At higher wind speeds an optimistic predicted power output and the occurrence of peak power at wind speeds lower than measurements resulted from the omission of turbulence and yaw error. In addition, accurate two-dimensional (2-D) airfoil data prior to stall and a post stall airfoil data synthesization method that reflects three-dimensional (3-D) effects were found to be essential for accurate performance prediction. 11 refs.
Tangler, J.; Smith, B.; Kelley, N.; Jager, D.
2010 Wind Technologies Market Report
wind turbine components (specifically, generators, bladeschangers. � Wind turbine components such as blades, towers,17%). Wind turbine component exports (towers, blades,
Wiser, Ryan
An Innovative Technique for Evaluating the Integrity and Durability of Wind Turbine Blade Composites
Wind turbine blades are subjected to complex multiaxial stress states during operation. A review of the literature suggests that mixed mode fracture toughness can be significantly less than that of the tensile opening mode (Mode I), implying that fracture failure can occur at a much lower load capacity if the structure is subject to mixed-mode loading. Thus, it will be necessary to identify the mechanisms that might lead to failure in blade materials under mixed-mode loading conditions. Meanwhile, wind turbine blades are typically fabricated from fiber reinforced polymeric materials, e.g. fiber glass composites. Due to the large degree of anisotropy in mechanical properties that is usually associated with laminates, the fracture behavior of these composite materials is likely to be strongly dependent on the loading conditions. This may further strengthen the need to study the effect of mixed-mode loading on the integrity and durability of the wind turbine blade composites. To quantify the fracture behavior of composite structures under mixed mode loading conditions, particularly under combined Mode I (flexural or normal tensile stress) and Mode III (torsional shear stress) loading, a new testing technique is proposed based on the spiral notch torsion test (SNTT). As a 2002 R&D 100 Award winner, SNTT is a novel fracture testing technology. SNTT has many advantages over conventional fracture toughness methods and has been used to determine fracture toughness values on a wide spectrum of materials. The current project is the first attempt to utilize SNTT on polymeric and polymer-based composite materials. It is expected that mixed-mode failure mechanisms of wind turbine blades induced by typical in-service loading conditions, such as delamination, matrix cracking, fiber pull-out and fracture, can be effectively and economically investigated by using this methodology. This project consists of two phases. The Phase I (FY2010) effort includes (1) preparation of testing material and testing equipment set-up, including calibration of associated instruments/sensors, (2) development of design protocols for the proposed SNTT samples for both polymer and composite materials, such as sample geometries and fabrication techniques, (3) manufacture of SNTT samples, and (4) fracture toughness testing using the SNTT method. The major milestone achieved in Phase I is the understanding of fracture behaviors of polymeric matrix materials from testing numerous epoxy SNTT samples. Totals of 30 epoxy SNTT samples were fabricated from two types of epoxy materials provided by our industrial partners Gougeon Brothers, Inc. and Molded Fiber Glass Companies. These samples were tested with SNTT in three groups: (1) fracture due to monotonic loading, (2) fracture due to fatigue cyclic loading, and (3) monotonic loading applied to fatigue-precracked samples. Brittle fractures were observed on all tested samples, implying linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis can be effectively used to estimate the fracture toughness of these materials with confidence. Appropriate fatigue precracking protocols were established to achieve controllable crack growth using the SNTT approach under pure torsion loading. These fatigue protocols provide the significant insights of the mechanical behavior of epoxy polymeric materials and their associated rate-dependent characteristics. Effects of mixed-mode loading on the fracture behavior of epoxy materials was studied. It was found that all epoxy samples failed in brittle tensile failure mode; the fracture surfaces always follow a 45o spiral plane that corresponded to Mode I tensile failure, even when the initial pitch angle of the machined spiral grooves was not at 45o. In addition, general observation from the fatigue experiments implied that loading rate played an important role determining the fracture behavior of epoxy materials, such that a higher loading rate resulted in a shorter fatigue life. A detailed study of loading rate effect will be continued in the Phase II. On the other hand, analytical finite element ana
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL; Ren, Fei [ORNL
Large scale tracking algorithms.
Low signal-to-noise data processing algorithms for improved detection, tracking, discrimination and situational threat assessment are a key research challenge. As sensor technologies progress, the number of pixels will increase signi cantly. This will result in increased resolution, which could improve object discrimination, but unfortunately, will also result in a significant increase in the number of potential targets to track. Many tracking techniques, like multi-hypothesis trackers, suffer from a combinatorial explosion as the number of potential targets increase. As the resolution increases, the phenomenology applied towards detection algorithms also changes. For low resolution sensors, "blob" tracking is the norm. For higher resolution data, additional information may be employed in the detection and classfication steps. The most challenging scenarios are those where the targets cannot be fully resolved, yet must be tracked and distinguished for neighboring closely spaced objects. Tracking vehicles in an urban environment is an example of such a challenging scenario. This report evaluates several potential tracking algorithms for large-scale tracking in an urban environment.
Hansen, Ross L.; Love, Joshua Alan; Melgaard, David Kennett; Karelitz, David B.; Pitts, Todd Alan; Zollweg, Joshua David; Anderson, Dylan Z.; Nandy, Prabal; Whitlow, Gary L.; Bender, Daniel A.; Byrne, Raymond Harry
An Innovative Technique for Evaluating the Integrity and Durability of Wind Turbine Blade Composites - Final Project Report
To build increasingly larger, lightweight, and robust wind turbine blades for improved power output and cost efficiency, durability of the blade, largely resulting from its structural composites selection and aerodynamic shape design, is of paramount concern. The safe/reliable operation of structural components depends critically on the selection of materials that are resistant to damage and failure in the expected service environment. An effective surveillance program is also necessary to monitor the degradation of the materials in the course of service. Composite materials having high specific strength/stiffness are desirable for the construction of wind turbines. However, most high-strength materials tend to exhibit low fracture toughness. That is why the fracture toughness of the composite materials under consideration for the manufacture of the next generation of wind turbines deserves special attention. In order to achieve the above we have proposed to develop an innovative technology, based on spiral notch torsion test (SNTT) methodology, to effectively investigate the material performance of turbine blade composites. SNTT approach was successfully demonstrated and extended to both epoxy and glass fiber composite materials for wind turbine blades during the performance period. In addition to typical Mode I failure mechanism, the mixed-mode failure mechanism induced by the wind turbine service environments and/or the material mismatch of the composite materials was also effectively investigated using SNTT approach. The SNTT results indicate that the proposed protocol not only provides significant advance in understanding the composite failure mechanism, but also can be readily utilized to assist the development of new turbine blade composites.
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL; Ren, Fei [ORNL; Tan, Ting [ORNL; Mandell, John [Montana State University; Agastra, Pancasatya [Montana State University
some wind turbine manufacturers experienced blade andwind turbine manufacturers: Vestas (nacelles, blades, and
Bolinger, Mark
Low-Order Modelling of Blade-Induced Turbulence for RANS Actuator Disk Computations of Wind and Tidal Turbines
Modelling of turbine blade-induced turbulence (BIT) is discussed within the framework of three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) actuator disk computations. We first propose a generic (baseline) BIT model, which is applied only to the actuator disk surface, does not include any model coefficients (other than those used in the original RANS turbulence model) and is expected to be valid in the limiting case where BIT is fully isotropic and in energy equilibrium. The baseline model is then combined with correction functions applied to the region behind the disk to account for the effect of rotor tip vortices causing a mismatch of Reynolds shear stress between short- and long-time averaged flow fields. Results are compared with wake measurements of a two-bladed wind turbine model of Medici and Alfredsson [Wind Energy, Vol. 9, 2006, pp. 219-236] to demonstrate the capability of the new model.
Nishino, Takafumi
Sustainable Energy Solutions Task 4.1 Intelligent Manufacturing of Hybrid Carbon-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Wind Turbine Blades
EXECUTIVE SUMARY In this subtask, the manufacturability of hybrid carbon-glass fiber-reinforced composite wind turbine blades using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) was investigated. The objective of this investigation was to study the VARTM process and its parameters to manufacture cost-effective wind turbine blades with no defects (mainly eliminate dry spots and reduce manufacturing time). A 2.5-dimensional model and a 3-dimensional model were developed to simulate mold filling and part curing under different conditions. These conditions included isothermal and non-isothermal filling, curing of the part during and after filling, and placement of injection gates at different locations. Results from this investigation reveal that the process can be simulated and also that manufacturing parameters can be optimized to eliminate dry spot formation and reduce the manufacturing time. Using computer-based models is a cost-effective way to simulate manufacturing of wind turbine blades. The approach taken herein allows the design of the wind blade manufacturing processes without physically running trial-and-error experiments that are expensive and time-consuming; especially for larger blades needed for more demanding environmental conditions. This will benefit the wind energy industry by reducing initial design and manufacturing costs which can later be passed down to consumers and consequently make the wind energy industry more competitive.
Janet M Twomey, PhD
LIDAR Wind Speed Measurement Analysis and Feed-Forward Blade Pitch Control for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines: January 2010--January 2011
This report examines the accuracy of measurements that rely on Doppler LIDAR systems to determine their applicability to wind turbine feed-forward control systems and discusses feed-forward control system designs that use preview wind measurements. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems are able to measure the speed of incoming wind before it interacts with a wind turbine rotor. These preview wind measurements can be used in feed-forward control systems designed to reduce turbine loads. However, the degree to which such preview-based control techniques can reduce loads by reacting to turbulence depends on how accurately the incoming wind field can be measured. The first half of this report examines the accuracy of different measurement scenarios that rely on coherent continuous-wave or pulsed Doppler LIDAR systems to determine their applicability to feed-forward control. In particular, the impacts of measurement range and angular offset from the wind direction are studied for various wind conditions. A realistic case involving a scanning LIDAR unit mounted in the spinner of a wind turbine is studied in depth with emphasis on choices for scan radius and preview distance. The effects of turbulence parameters on measurement accuracy are studied as well. Continuous-wave and pulsed LIDAR models based on typical commercially available units were used in the studies present in this report. The second half of this report discusses feed-forward control system designs that use preview wind measurements. Combined feedback/feed-forward blade pitch control is compared to industry standard feedback control when simulated in realistic turbulent above-rated winds. The feed-forward controllers are designed to reduce fatigue loads, increasing turbine lifetime and therefore reducing the cost of energy. Three feed-forward designs are studied: non-causal series expansion, Preview Control, and optimized FIR filter. The input to the feed-forward controller is a measurement of incoming wind speeds that could be provided by LIDAR. Non-causal series expansion and Preview Control methods reduce blade root loads but increase tower bending in simulation results. The optimized FIR filter reduces loads overall, keeps pitch rates low, and maintains rotor speed regulation and power capture, while using imperfect wind measurements provided by the spinning continuous-wave LIDAR model.
Dunne, F.; Simley, E.; Pao, L.Y.
Sandia National Laboratories: Radar Friendly Blades
MitigationRadar Friendly Blades Radar Friendly Blades Some wind farms have the potential to cause interference with the normal operation of radar systems used for security, weather...
Wind Turbine Blade Flow Fields and Prospects for Active Aerodynamic Control: Preprint
This paper describes wind turbine flow fields that can cause adverse aerodynamic loading and can impact active aerodynamic control methodologies currently contemplated for wind turbine applications.
Schreck, S.; Robinson, M.
2011 Wind Technologies Market Report
wind turbine components (specifically, generators, bladeschangers. � Wind turbine components such as blades, towers,Canada (8%). Wind turbine component exports (towers, blades,
Visualization of Large-Scale Distributed Data
that are now considered the "lenses" for examining large-scale data. THE LARGE-SCALE DATA VISUALIZATIONVisualization of Large-Scale Distributed Data Jason Leigh1 , Andrew Johnson1 , Luc Renambot1 representation of data and the interactive manipulation and querying of the visualization. Large-scale data
Johnson, Andrew
WP2 IEA Wind Task 26:The Past and Future Cost of Wind Energy
RELATED TO BLADE MATERIALS Wind turbine blades are made of aMaterials and Innovations for Large Blade Structures: Research Opportunities in Wind
Lantz, Eric
A comparison of spanwise aerodynamic loads estimated from measured bending moments versus direct pressure measurements on horizontal axis wind turbine blades
Two methods can be used to determine aerodynamic loads on a rotating wind turbine blade. The first is to make direct pressure measurements on the blade surface. This is a difficult process requiring costly pressure instrumentation. The second method uses measured flap bending moments in conjunction with analytical techniques to estimate airloads. This method, called ALEST, was originally developed for use on helicopter rotors and was modified for use on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. Estimating airloads using flap bending moments in much simpler and less costly because measurements can be made with conventional strain gages and equipment. This paper presents results of airload estimates obtained using both methods under a variety of operating conditions. Insights on the limitations and usefulness of the ALEST bending moment technique are also included. 10 refs., 6 figs.
Simms, D A; Butterfield, C P
Computer subroutine for estimating aerodynamic blade loads on Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines. [FORCE code
An important aspect of structural design of the Darrieus rotor is the determination of aerodynamic blade loads. This report describes a load generator which has been used at Sandia for quasi-static and dynamic rotor analyses. The generator is based on the single streamtube aerodynamic flow model and is constructed as a FORTRAN IV subroutine to facilitate its use in finite element structural models. Input and output characteristics of the subroutine are described and a complete listing is attached as an appendix.
Sullivan, W. N.; Leonard, T. M.
Effect of Blade Torsion on Modeling Results for the Small Wind Research Turbine (SWRT): Preprint
This paper summarizes modeling results from both the FAST and ADAMS aeroelastic simulators characterizing small wind turbine loads and dynamic behavior.
Corbus, D.; Hansen, A. C.; Minnema, J.
Large-Scale Renewable Energy Guide Webinar
Webinar introduces the �Large Scale Renewable Energy Guide." The webinar will provide an overview of this important FEMP guide, which describes FEMP's approach to large-scale renewable energy projects and provides guidance to Federal agencies and the private sector on how to develop a common process for large-scale renewable projects.
Conundrum of the Large Scale Streaming
The etiology of the large scale peculiar velocity (large scale streaming motion) of clusters would increasingly seem more tenuous, within the context of the gravitational instability hypothesis. Are there any alternative testable models possibly accounting for such large scale streaming of clusters?
T. M. Malm
Study on mechanical properties of cork composites in a sandwich panel for wind turbine blade material
Wind energy has become one of the most promising energy sources due to its environmentally friendliness, unlimited amounts. To become competitive energy source among other sustainable and clean energy, such as solar cell, ...
Kim, Sungmin, Mech. E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Blades of Glory: Wind Technology Bringing Us Closer To a Clean...
the length of a football field. In the United States, energy generation from wind turbines has grown by 27 percent over the last year, with production facilities now in more...
Sun Also Rises: Planning for Large-Scale Solar Power
Wind, solar, and other renewable energy are an important part of any present-day energy. The portion of energy they supply will certainly be increasing over the next few years. Arguably, large-scale wind power has reached technological maturity, and with more than 100 GW of capacity, ample experience exists on integrating wind systems. Solar technologies, on the other hand, are emerging, and substantial R&D investments are being made to achieve parity with retail electricity costs in the near future. As this happens, annual capacity additions of solar power will become significant.
Bebic, J.; Walling, R.; O'Brien, K.; Kroposki, B.
Sandia National Laboratories: larger and heavier turbine blades...
larger and heavier turbine blades experience increased edgewise fatigue loading New Material Tests Show Biaxial Laminate Creep Is Important for Large Wind-Turbine Blades On April...
E-Print Network 3.0 - arc blade type Sample Search Results
NASA Langley Research Center Collection: Engineering 8 Sparkr Blade Test Centre Wind turbines with a rotor diameter exceed- Summary: Sparkr Blade Test Centre Wind...
A multi-scale approach to statistical and model-based structural health monitoring with application to embedded sensing for wind energy
in composite wind turbine blades," Journal of IntelligentState estimate of wind turbine blades using geometricallytests of CX-100 wind turbine blades. Part II: analysis," in
Taylor, Stuart Glynn
comparison in a composite wind turbine rotor blade." Thecrack detection in composite wind turbine blades." Thecomparison in a composite wind turbine rotor blade,"
Simplified Models for Wind Turbine Blades," in 53rd AIAA/in composite wind turbine blades," Journal of IntelligentState estimate of wind turbine blades using geometrically
Innovation Pathway LM Glasfiber Blades WindPACT BaselineBlade Data Mass (kg) LM Glasfiber Blades Rotor Radius (m)Innovation Pathway LM Glasfiber Blades TPI Innovative Blade
Innovation Pathway LM Glasfiber Blades WindPACT BaselineBlade Data Mass (kg) LM Glasfiber Blades Rotor Radius (m)Blade Innovation Pathway LM Glasfiber Blades TPI Innovative
Microfluidic Large-Scale Integration: The Evolution
Microfluidic Large-Scale Integration: The Evolution of Design Rules for Biological Automation, polydimethylsiloxane Abstract Microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) refers to the develop- ment of microfluidic, are discussed. Several microfluidic components used as building blocks to create effective, complex, and highly
Quake, Stephen R.
DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications.
DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications DLFM library tools for large scale dynamic applications Large scale Python and other dynamic applications may spend huge...
Analysis and test results for a two-bladed, passive cycle pitch, horizontal-axis wind turbine in free and controlled yaw
This report surveys the analysis and tests performed at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on a horizontal-axis, two-laded wind turbine with teeter hub. The introduction is a brief account of results obtained during the 5-year period ending December 1985. The wind tunnel model and the test turbine (7.6 m [25 ft.] in diameter) at Washington University`s Tyson Research Center had a 67{degree} delta-three angle of the teeter axis. The introduction explains why this configuration was selected and named the passive cycle pitch (PCP) wind turbine. Through the analysis was not limited to the PCP rotor, all tests, including those done from 1986 to 1994, wee conducted with the same teetered wind rotor. The blades are rather stiff and have only a small elastic coning angle and no precone.
Holenemser, K.H. [Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
Wind Technology Testing Center Earns A2LA Accreditation for Blade Testing |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept.| WEATHERIZATION5 |and Analysis |3 Wind Program2Department
Building State-of-the-Art Wind Technology Testing Facilities (Fact Sheet)
The new Wind Technology Test Center is the only facility in the nation capable of testing wind turbine blades up to 90 meters in length. A critical factor to wind turbine design and development is the ability to test new designs, components, and materials. In addition, wind turbine blade manufacturers are required to test their blades as part of the turbine certification process. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Program and the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) to design, construct, and operate the Wind Technology Center (WTTC) in Boston, Massachusetts. The WTTC offers a full suite of certification tests for turbine blades up to 90 meters in length. NREL worked closely with MTS Systems Corporation to develop the novel large-scale test systems needed to conduct the static and fatigue tests required for certification. Static tests pull wind turbine blades horizontally and vertically to measure blade deflection and strains. Fatigue tests cycle the blades millions of times to simulate what a blade goes through in its lifetime on a wind turbine. For static testing, the WTTC is equipped with servo-hydraulic winches and cylinders that are connected to the blade through cables to apply up to an 84-mega Newton meter maximum static bending moment. For fatigue testing, MTS developed a commercial version of NREL's patented resonant excitation system with hydraulic cylinders that actuate linear moving masses on the blade at one or more locations. This system applies up to a 21-meter tip-to-tip fatigue test tip displacement to generate 20-plus years of cyclic field loads in a matter of months. NREL also developed and supplied the WTTC with an advanced data acquisition system capable of measuring and recording hundreds of data channels at very fast sampling rates while communicating with test control systems.
Not Available
Ris-R-1374(EN) Design of a 21 m Blade with Ris-A1
-point Optimization". It describes the full scale testing of a 21 m wind turbine blade specially designed for active designed for operation on wind turbine blades. The new blade was designed to replace the LM 21.0P blade.0P. The measurements showed that the wind turbine with the new blades had the same energy production
The Political Economy of Wind Power in China
by pitching the blades of the turbines out of the wind. 114wind turbine technology converts wind energy into electricity, taking into account factors such as blade
Swanson, Ryan Landon
Program Management for Large Scale Engineering Programs
The goal of this whitepaper is to summarize the LAI research that applies to program management. The context of most of the research discussed in this whitepaper are large-scale engineering programs, particularly in the ...
Oehmen, Josef
structures of the type encountered in wind turbine blades, helicopter rotor blades, and the like such as wind turbine blades lead to a splitting of the problem into a (usually) linear, two-dimensional cross
Ris-R-Report Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades -
reference wind turbine model is used to investigate the influence of different blade sweep curves studies regarding swept wind turbine blades for pitch controlled turbines have indicated that a flapRis�-R-Report Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades - A Case Study of a 5 MW Pitch Controlled Wind
Sandia National Laboratories: Blade Reliability Collaborative
Generator Modeling Radar Friendly Blades Special Programs Techno-Economic Modeling, Analysis, and Support Analysis, Modeling, Cost of Energy, and Policy Impact: Wind Vision 2014...
Sandia National Laboratories: Blade Materials and Substructures...
DOE's New Large Blade Test Facility in Massachusetts Completes...
(WTTC), in Boston, Massachusetts, has come up to full speed testing the long wind turbine blades produced for today's larger wind turbines. Constructed with a combination of...
SciTech Connect: Blade Testing Trends (Presentation)
Org: Other Non-EERE Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 17 WIND ENERGY BLADE TESTING; TRENDS; BIAXIAL TESTING; NATIONAL WIND TECHNOLOGY CENTER; NWTC;...
Large scale structure of the Universe: Introduction
The changes of main paradigms on the structure and evolution of the Universe are reviewed. Two puzzles of the modern cosmology, the mean density of matter and the regularity of the Universe on large scales, as well as the possibility to solve these puzzles by the introduction of more complicated form of inflation, are discussed.
J. Einasto
Dark Matter and Large Scale Structure
A review of the study of dark matter and large scale structure of the Universe at Tartu Observatory is given. Tartu astronomers have participated in this development, starting from Ernst "Opik and Grigori Kuzmin, and continuing with the present generation of astronomers. Our goal was to understand better the structure, origin and evolution of the Universe.
7, 1553315563, 2007 Large-scale
the Pacific, correlations with CO, CO2, CH4, and C2Cl4 were dif- fuse overall, but recognizable on flights out Chemistry and Physics Discussions Factors influencing the large-scale distribution of Hg in the Mexico City the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) cam- paign in spring 2006. Flights were conducted
Large-scale anisotropy in stably stratified rotating flows
We present results from direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations in the presence of rotation and/or stratification, both in the vertical direction. The runs are forced isotropically and randomly at small scales and have spatial resolutions of up to $1024^3$ grid points and Reynolds numbers of $\\approx 1000$. We first show that solutions with negative energy flux and inverse cascades develop in rotating turbulence, whether or not stratification is present. However, the purely stratified case is characterized instead by an early-time, highly anisotropic transfer to large scales with almost zero net isotropic energy flux. This is consistent with previous studies that observed the development of vertically sheared horizontal winds, although only at substantially later times. However, and unlike previous works, when sufficient scale separation is allowed between the forcing scale and the domain size, the total energy displays a perpendicular (horizontal) spectrum with power law behavior compatible with $\\sim k_\\perp^{-5/3}$, including in the absence of rotation. In this latter purely stratified case, such a spectrum is the result of a direct cascade of the energy contained in the large-scale horizontal wind, as is evidenced by a strong positive flux of energy in the parallel direction at all scales including the largest resolved scales.
Marino, Dr. Raffaele [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); Mininni, Dr. Pablo D. [Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rosenberg, Duane L [ORNL; Pouquet, Dr. Annick [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
An experimental and numerical study of wind turbine seismic behavior
Y. (1984). �Response of a wind turbine blade to seismic andM. (2006). �Swept wind turbine blade aeroelastic modelingto fatigue for wind turbine blades than earthquake loads. In
Prowell, I.
Materials Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale Electrochemi...
Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Transportation to Electrical Grid Materials Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale...
Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering at Large Scale at NERSC
Volume Rendering at Large Scale Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering at Large Scale volrend-swes.png We studied the performance and scalability characteristics of hybrid''...
Large-Scale PV Integration Study
This research effort evaluates the impact of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and distributed generation (DG) output on NV Energy�s electric grid system in southern Nevada. It analyzes the ability of NV Energy�s generation to accommodate increasing amounts of utility-scale PV and DG, and the resulting cost of integrating variable renewable resources. The study was jointly funded by the United States Department of Energy and NV Energy, and conducted by a project team comprised of industry experts and research scientists from Navigant Consulting Inc., Sandia National Laboratories, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NV Energy.
Lu, Shuai; Etingov, Pavel V.; Diao, Ruisheng; Ma, Jian; Samaan, Nader A.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Guo, Xinxin; Hafen, Ryan P.; Jin, Chunlian; Kirkham, Harold; Shlatz, Eugene; Frantzis, Lisa; McClive, Timothy; Karlson, Gregory; Acharya, Dhruv; Ellis, Abraham; Stein, Joshua; Hansen, Clifford; Chadliev, Vladimir; Smart, Michael; Salgo, Richard; Sorensen, Rahn; Allen, Barbara; Idelchik, Boris
1 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities the netherlands' roadmap for large-scale research facilities
#12;1 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities the netherlands' roadmap for large-scale research facilities #12;2 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities1 by Roselinde Supheert) #12;3 National Roadmap Committee for Large-Scale Research Facilities The Netherlands
Horn, David
Object-Oriented Modelling of a Wind Power Plant in Modelica and Analysis of Loads on Blade Bearings.
?? Within this thesis work a strongly simplified yet complete, component-based numerical model for load analysis of a horizontal wind turbine is built up. The� (more)
Rickert, Claas
Large-scale Intelligent Transporation Systems simulation
A prototype computer system has been developed which defines a high-level architecture for a large-scale, comprehensive, scalable simulation of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) capable of running on massively parallel computers and distributed (networked) computer systems. The prototype includes the modelling of instrumented ``smart`` vehicles with in-vehicle navigation units capable of optimal route planning and Traffic Management Centers (TMC). The TMC has probe vehicle tracking capabilities (display position and attributes of instrumented vehicles), and can provide 2-way interaction with traffic to provide advisories and link times. Both the in-vehicle navigation module and the TMC feature detailed graphical user interfaces to support human-factors studies. The prototype has been developed on a distributed system of networked UNIX computers but is designed to run on ANL`s IBM SP-X parallel computer system for large scale problems. A novel feature of our design is that vehicles will be represented by autonomus computer processes, each with a behavior model which performs independent route selection and reacts to external traffic events much like real vehicles. With this approach, one will be able to take advantage of emerging massively parallel processor (MPP) systems.
Ewing, T.; Canfield, T.; Hannebutte, U.; Levine, D.; Tentner, A.
Structural health and prognostics management for offshore wind turbines : case studies of rotor fault and blade damage with initial O&M cost modeling.
Operations and maintenance costs for offshore wind plants are significantly higher than the current costs for land-based (onshore) wind plants. One way to reduce these costs would be to implement a structural health and prognostic management (SHPM) system as part of a condition based maintenance paradigm with smart load management and utilize a state-based cost model to assess the economics associated with use of the SHPM system. To facilitate the development of such a system a multi-scale modeling approach developed in prior work is used to identify how the underlying physics of the system are affected by the presence of damage and faults, and how these changes manifest themselves in the operational response of a full turbine. This methodology was used to investigate two case studies: (1) the effects of rotor imbalance due to pitch error (aerodynamic imbalance) and mass imbalance and (2) disbond of the shear web; both on a 5-MW offshore wind turbine in the present report. Based on simulations of damage in the turbine model, the operational measurements that demonstrated the highest sensitivity to the damage/faults were the blade tip accelerations and local pitching moments for both imbalance and shear web disbond. The initial cost model provided a great deal of insight into the estimated savings in operations and maintenance costs due to the implementation of an effective SHPM system. The integration of the health monitoring information and O&M cost versus damage/fault severity information provides the initial steps to identify processes to reduce operations and maintenance costs for an offshore wind farm while increasing turbine availability, revenue, and overall profit.
Myrent, Noah J. [Purdue Center for Systems Integrity, Lafayette, IN; Kusnick, Joshua F. [Purdue Center for Systems Integrity, Lafayette, IN; Barrett, Natalie C. [Purdue Center for Systems Integrity, Lafayette, IN; Adams, Douglas E. [Purdue Center for Systems Integrity, Lafayette, IN; Griffith, Daniel Todd
Large-scale simulations of reionization
We use cosmological simulations to explore the large-scale effects of reionization. Since reionization is a process that involves a large dynamic range--from galaxies to rare bright quasars--we need to be able to cover a significant volume of the universe in our simulation without losing the important small scale effects from galaxies. Here we have taken an approach that uses clumping factors derived from small scale simulations to approximate the radiative transfer on the sub-cell scales. Using this technique, we can cover a simulation size up to 1280h{sup -1} Mpc with 10h{sup -1} Mpc cells. This allows us to construct synthetic spectra of quasars similar to observed spectra of SDSS quasars at high redshifts and compare them to the observational data. These spectra can then be analyzed for HII region sizes, the presence of the Gunn-Peterson trough, and the Lyman-{alpha} forest.
Kohler, Katharina; /JILA, Boulder /Fermilab; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; /Fermilab; Hamilton, Andrew J.S.; /JILA, Boulder
FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy...
Energy Savers [EERE]
FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects FEMP Helps Federal Facilities Develop Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects August 21, 2013 - 12:00am...
Dynamic response analysis of a 900 kW wind turbine subject to ground excitation
geometry of the blades on a wind turbine has, in the past,of the tower and blades of a 900 kW wind turbine (source:per blade). For this portion of the study, the wind turbine
Caudillo, Adrian Felix
Synchronization of coupled large-scale Boolean networks
This paper investigates the complete synchronization and partial synchronization of two large-scale Boolean networks. First, the aggregation algorithm towards large-scale Boolean network is reviewed. Second, the aggregation algorithm is applied to study the complete synchronization and partial synchronization of large-scale Boolean networks. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed results.
Li, Fangfei, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200237 (China)] [Department of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200237 (China)
2009 Wind Technologies Market Report
generating sets. Wind turbine blades, hubs, generators,wind turbine components that include towers (trade category is �towers and lattice masts�), generators (�AC generators from 750 to 10,000 kVA�), blades
Wind turbine
The improvement in a wind turbine comprises providing a tower with a freely liftable mount and adapting a nacelle which is fitted with a propeller windwheel consisting of a plurality of rotor blades and provided therein with means for conversion of wind energy to be shifted onto said mount attached to the tower. In case of a violent wind storm, the nacelle can be lowered down to the ground to protect the rotor blades from breakage due to the force of the wind. Required maintenance and inspection of the nacelle and replacement of rotor blades can be safely carried out on the ground.
Abe, M.
Theoretical Tools for Large Scale Structure
We review the main theoretical aspects of the structure formation paradigm which impinge upon wide angle surveys: the early universe generation of gravitational metric fluctuations from quantum noise in scalar inflaton fields; the well understood and computed linear regime of CMB anisotropy and large scale structure (LSS) generation; the weakly nonlinear regime, where higher order perturbation theory works well, and where the cosmic web picture operates, describing an interconnected LSS of clusters bridged by filaments, with membranes as the intrafilament webbing. Current CMB+LSS data favour the simplest inflation-based $\\Lambda$CDM models, with a primordial spectral index within about 5% of scale invariant and $\\Omega_\\Lambda \\approx 2/3$, similar to that inferred from SNIa observations, and with open CDM models strongly disfavoured. The attack on the nonlinear regime with a variety of N-body and gas codes is described, as are the excursion set and peak-patch semianalytic approaches to object collapse. The ingredients are mixed together in an illustrative gasdynamical simulation of dense supercluster formation.
J. R. Bond; L. Kofman; D. Pogosyan; J. Wadsley
Ris-R-1492(EN) KNOW-BLADE Task-4 report; Navier-
of the aeroelastic stability of wind turbine blades is addressed in this report by advancing the aerodynamic, Navier-Stokes solvers. In this project, structural models for the full wind turbine blade have been
AWEA?s Wind Energy Weekly, DOE/EPRI?s Turbine Verification10% Wind Energy Penetration New large-scale 9 wind turbineswind energy continues to decline as a result of lower wind turbine
AWEA�s Wind Energy Weekly, DOE/EPRI�s Turbine Verification10% Wind Energy Penetration New large-scale 8 wind turbinesTurbine Market Report. Washington, D.C. : American Wind Energy
Effects of Glass Fabric and Laminate Construction on the Fatigue of Resin Infused Blade Materials
Effects of Glass Fabric and Laminate Construction on the Fatigue of Resin Infused Blade Materials. Introduction Wind turbine blades experience very high numbers of fatigue cycles varying between tension and wind conditions. The fatigue of composite laminates appropriate for wind turbine blades has been
wind turbine manufacturers: Vestas (nacelles, blades, and towersWind turbine transactions differ in the services offered (e.g. , whether towers
Reassessing Wind Potential Estimates for India: Economic and Policy Implications
Analysis of Impacts of Wind Integration in the Tamil Nadu2009). Large-Scale Wind Integration Studies in the Unitedon topics such as wind integration, transmission planning,
Phadke, Amol
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Nuclear Physics
Science at NERSC HPC Requirements Reviews Requirements for Science: Target 2014 Nuclear Physics (NP) Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Nuclear Physics:...
Advancing Cellulosic Ethanol for Large Scale Sustainable Transportation
Advancing Cellulosic Ethanol for Large Scale SustainableHydrogen Batteries Nuclear By Lee Lynd, Dartmouth Ethanol �Ethanol, ethyl alcohol, fermentation ethanol, or just �
Wyman, C
Solving large scale polynomial convex problems on \\ell_1/nuclear ...
Oct 24, 2012 ... Solving large scale polynomial convex problems on \\ell_1/nuclear norm balls by randomized first-order algorithms. Aharon Ben-Tal (abental�...
Aharon Ben-Tal
Large Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers
Large Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers Shawn Yunsheng Xu University of Missouri May 18, 2010 This presentation does not contain any proprietary confidential,...
Large Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers Geothermal...
Scale GSHP as Alternative Energy for American Farmers Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title Large Scale GSHP as Alternative...
Optimization Online - Large-Scale Linear Programming Techniques ...
Feb 12, 2002 ... Large-Scale Linear Programming Techniques for the Design of Protein Folding Potentials. Michael Wagner (mwagner ***at*** odu.edu)
Michael Wagner
Ris-R-1486(EN) KNOW-BLADE Task-3.3 report; Rotor
an array of VGs. The wind turbine blade is the LM19.1 blade equipped with one pair of VGs placed at radiusRisø-R-1486(EN) KNOW-BLADE Task-3.3 report; Rotor Blade Computations with 3D Vortex Generators: KNOW-BLADE Task-3.3 report; Rotor Blade Computations with 3D Vortex Generators Risø-R-1486(EN) January
Blade reliability collaborative : collection of defect, damage and repair data.
The Blade Reliability Collaborative (BRC) was started by the Wind Energy Technologies Department of Sandia National Laboratories and DOE in 2010 with the goal of gaining insight into planned and unplanned O&M issues associated with wind turbine blades. A significant part of BRC is the Blade Defect, Damage and Repair Survey task, which will gather data from blade manufacturers, service companies, operators and prior studies to determine details about the largest sources of blade unreliability. This report summarizes the initial findings from this work.
Ashwill, Thomas D.; Ogilvie, Alistair B.; Paquette, Joshua A.
Methods and apparatus for rotor blade ice detection
A method for detecting ice on a wind turbine having a rotor and one or more rotor blades each having blade roots includes monitoring meteorological conditions relating to icing conditions and monitoring one or more physical characteristics of the wind turbine in operation that vary in accordance with at least one of the mass of the one or more rotor blades or a mass imbalance between the rotor blades. The method also includes using the one or more monitored physical characteristics to determine whether a blade mass anomaly exists, determining whether the monitored meteorological conditions are consistent with blade icing; and signaling an icing-related blade mass anomaly when a blade mass anomaly is determined to exist and the monitored meteorological conditions are determined to be consistent with icing.
LeMieux, David Lawrence
Large-Scale Eucalyptus Energy Farms and Power Cogeneration1
Large-Scale Eucalyptus Energy Farms and Power Cogeneration1 Robert C. Noronla2 The initiation of a large-scale cogeneration project, especially one that combines construction of the power generation supplemental fuel source must be sought if the cogeneration facility will consume more fuel than
Standiford, Richard B.
Large Scale Parameter Sweep Studies Using Distributed Matlab
1 Large Scale Parameter Sweep Studies Using Distributed Matlab Vikas Argod Graduate Assistant 225. The implementation is done in Matlab. The discussion extends to large scale problems of similar type using distributed matlab. Use of distributed matlab reduced computation time significantly
Bjørnstad, Ottar Nordal
Attack Containment Framework for Large-Scale Critical Infrastructures
Attack Containment Framework for Large-Scale Critical Infrastructures Hoang Nguyen Department-- We present an attack containment framework against value-changing attacks in large-scale critical structure, called attack container, which captures the trust behavior of a group of nodes and assists
Nahrstedt, Klara
Designing Micro Wind Turbines for Portable Power Generation Francois Hogan
to the design of a wind turbine rotor. Number of blades The number of blades does not have a significant impact on the efficiency of a wind turbine. We have chosen a two blade design because of ease of fabrication in order) (2) � This two blade micro wind turbine meets the optimal specifications to ensure good efficiency
Barthelat, Francois
AWEA�s Wind Energy Weekly, DOE/EPRI�s Turbine Verification10% Wind Energy Penetration New large-scale 10 wind turbineswind energy became more challenging, orders for new turbines
AWEA). 2010b. AWEA Small Wind Turbine Global Market Survey,html David, A. 2009. Wind Turbines: Industry and Tradewhich new large-scale wind turbines were installed in 2009 (
Stabilization of Large Scale Structure by Adhesive Gravitational Clustering
The interplay between gravitational and dispersive forces in a multi-streamed medium leads to an effect which is exposed in the present note as the genuine driving force of stabilization of large-scale structure. The conception of `adhesive gravitational clustering' is advanced to interlock the fairly well-understood epoch of formation of large-scale structure and the onset of virialization into objects that are dynamically in equilibrium with their large-scale structure environment. The classical `adhesion model' is opposed to a class of more general models traced from the physical origin of adhesion in kinetic theory.
Thomas Buchert
How Three Retail Buyers Source Large-Scale Solar Electricity
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Large-scale, non-utility solar power purchase agreements (PPAs) are still a rarity despite the growing popularity of PPAs across the country. In this webinar, participants will learn more about how...
Platforms and real options in large-scale engineering systems
This thesis introduces a framework and two methodologies that enable engineering management teams to assess the value of real options in programs of large-scale, partially standardized systems implemented a few times over ...
Kalligeros, Konstantinos C., 1976-
Retroreflective shadowgraph technique for large-scale flow visualization
for large-scale flow visualization, the simple shadow- graph can often provide the most robust solution photographed the shadowgram of a blasting-cap ex- plosion outdoors in daylight (see Fig. 6.14a of [1]). One
Settles, Gary S.
Surrogate modeling for large-scale black-box systems
This research introduces a systematic method to reduce the complexity of large-scale blackbox systems for which the governing equations are unavailable. For such systems, surrogate models are critical for many applications, ...
Liem, Rhea Patricia
Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical,
, Biochemical, Environmental, Petroleum Engineering and Nantoechnology. CHEMICAL&MATERIALSSCIENCE CHE OVERVIEW of Science 131 units · Chemical Engineering (Petroleum) Bachelor of Science 136 units · Chemical Engineering38 Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical, physicochemical
Rohs, Remo
Exploration of large scale manufacturing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices
Discussion of the current manufacturing process of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) parts and the emergence of PDMS use in biomedical microfluidic devices addresses the need to develop large scale manufacturing processes for ...
Hum, Philip W. (Philip Wing-Jung)
Infrastructure for large-scale tests in marine autonomy
This thesis focuses on the development of infrastructure for research with large-scale autonomous marine vehicle fleets and the design of sampling trajectories for compressive sensing (CS). The newly developed infrastructure ...
Hummel, Robert A. (Robert Andrew)
Data mining techniques for large-scale gene expression analysis
Modern computational biology is awash in large-scale data mining problems. Several high-throughput technologies have been developed that enable us, with relative ease and little expense, to evaluate the coordinated expression ...
Palmer, Nathan Patrick
Streamflow forecasting for large-scale hydrologic systems
STREAMFLOW FORECASTING FOR LARGE-SCALE HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS A Thesis by HAITHAM MUNIR AWWAD Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas AkM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May... 1991 Major Subject: Civil Engineering STREAMFLOW FORECASTING FOR LARGE-SCALE HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS A Thesis by HAITHAM MUNIR AWWAD Approved as to style and content by: uan B. Valdes (Chair of Committee) alph A. Wurbs (Member) Marshall J. Mc...
Awwad, Haitham Munir
Holographic principle and large scale structure in the universe
A reasonable representation of large scale structure, in a closed universe so large it's nearly flat, can be developed by extending the holographic principle and assuming the bits of information describing the distribution of matter density in the universe remain in thermal equilibrium with the cosmic microwave background radiation. The analysis identifies three levels of self-similar large scale structure, corresponding to superclusters, galaxies, and star clusters, between today's observable universe and stellar systems. The self-similarity arises because, according to the virial theorem, the average gravitational potential energy per unit volume in each structural level is the same and depends only on the gravitational constant. The analysis indicates stellar systems first formed at z\\approx62, consistent with the findings of Naoz et al, and self-similar large scale structures began to appear at redshift z\\approx4. It outlines general features of development of self-similar large scale structures at redshift z<4. The analysis is consistent with observations for angular momentum of large scale structures as a function of mass, and average speed of substructures within large scale structures. The analysis also indicates relaxation times for star clusters are generally less than the age of the universe and relaxation times for more massive structures are greater than the age of the universe.
T. R. Mongan
Gone with the Wind - The Potential Tragedy of the Common Wind
interaction of the turbine blades with the wind). GONE WITHwind turbine includes a set of three feather-shaped bladesturbine blades creating a shifting sunlight-shadow (as op- posed to the shadow effect discussed above which refers to wind
Lifshitz-Goldberg, Yaei
Prediction of stochastic blade loads for three-bladed, rigid-hub rotors
Accurately predicting wind turbine blade loads and response is important for the design of future wind turbines. The need to include turbulent wind inputs in structural dynamics models is widely recognized. In this paper, the Force and Loads Analysis Program (FLAP) code will be used to predict turbulence-induced bending moments for the SERI Combined Experiment rotor blade and the Howden 330-kW blade. FLAP code predictions will be compared to the power spectra of measured blade-bending moments. Two methods will be used to generate turbulent wind inputs to FLAP: a theoretical simulation: the Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) simulation theory; and measured wind-speed data taken from an array of anemometers upwind of the turbine. Turbulent wind-speed time series are input to FLAP for both methods outlined above. Power spectra of predicted flap-bending moments are compared to measured results for different wind conditions. Conclusions are also drawn as to the ability of the turbulence simulation models to provide accurate wind input to FLAP and to FLAP's ability to accurately simulate blade response to turbulence. Finally, suggestions are made as to needed improvements in the theoretical model. 11 refs., 8 figs.
Wright, A.D.; Weber, T.L.; Thresher, R.W.; Butterfield, C.P.
Ceramic blade attachment system
A retainer ring is arranged to mount turbine blades to a turbine disk so that aerodynamic forces produced by a gas turbine engine are transferred from the turbine blades to the turbine disk to cause the turbine blades and turbine disk to rotate, but so that centrifugal forces of the turbine blades resulting from the rotation of the turbine blades and turbine disk are not transferred from the turbine blades to the turbine disk.
Boyd, Gary L. (Alpine, CA)
A retainer ring is arranged to mount turbine blades to a turbine disk so that aerodynamic forces produced by a gas turbine engine are transferred from the turbine blades to the turbine disk to cause the turbine blades and turbine disk to rotate, but so that centrifugal forces of the turbine blades resulting from the rotation of the turbine blades and turbine disk are not transferred from the turbine blades to the turbine disk. 6 figures.
Boyd, G.L.
A wind turbine of the type having an airfoil blade (15) mounted on a flexible beam (20) and a pitch governor (55) which selectively, torsionally twists the flexible beam in response to wind turbine speed thereby setting blade pitch, is provided with a limiter (85) which restricts unwanted pitch change at operating speeds due to torsional creep of the flexible beam. The limiter allows twisting of the beam by the governor under excessive wind velocity conditions to orient the blades in stall pitch positions, thereby preventing overspeed operation of the turbine. In the preferred embodiment, the pitch governor comprises a pendulum (65,70) which responds to changing rotor speed by pivotal movement, the limiter comprising a resilient member (90) which engages an end of the pendulum to restrict further movement thereof, and in turn restrict beam creep and unwanted blade pitch misadjustment.
Cheney, Jr., Marvin C. (Glastonbury, CT)
Lightning protection system for a wind turbine
In a wind turbine (104, 500, 704) having a plurality of blades (132, 404, 516, 744) and a blade rotor hub (120, 712), a lightning protection system (100, 504, 700) for conducting lightning strikes to any one of the blades and the region surrounding the blade hub along a path around the blade hub and critical components of the wind turbine, such as the generator (112, 716), gearbox (708) and main turbine bearings (176, 724).
Costin, Daniel P. (Chelsea, VT); Petter, Jeffrey K. (Williston, VT)
Airfoils for wind turbine
Airfoils are disclosed for the blade of a wind turbine wherein each airfoil is characterized by a thickness in a range from 16%-24% and a maximum lift coefficient designed to be largely insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoils include a family of airfoils for a blade 15 to 25 meters in length, a family of airfoils for a blade 1 to 5 meters in length, and a family of airfoils for a blade 5 to 10 meters in length. 10 figs.
Tangler, J.L.; Somers, D.M.
Airfoils for the blade of a wind turbine wherein each airfoil is characterized by a thickness in a range from 16%-24% and a maximum lift coefficient designed to be largely insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoils include a family of airfoils for a blade 15 to 25 meters in length, a family of airfoils for a blade 1 to 5 meters in length, and a family of airfoils for a blade 5 to 10 meters in length.
Tangler, James L. (Boulder, CO); Somers, Dan M. (State College, PA)
Advanced Blade Manufacturing Project - Final Report
The original scope of the project was to research improvements to the processes and materials used in the manufacture of wood-epoxy blades, conduct tests to qualify any new material or processes for use in blade design and subsequently build and test six blades using the improved processes and materials. In particular, ABM was interested in reducing blade cost and improving quality. In addition, ABM needed to find a replacement material for the mature Douglas fir used in the manufacturing process. The use of mature Douglas fir is commercially unacceptable because of its limited supply and environmental concerns associated with the use of mature timber. Unfortunately, the bankruptcy of FloWind in June 1997 and a dramatic reduction in AWT sales made it impossible for ABM to complete the full scope of work. However, sufficient research and testing were completed to identify several promising changes in the blade manufacturing process and develop a preliminary design incorporating these changes.
Large-scale simulations of complex physical systems
Scientific computing has become a tool as vital as experimentation and theory for dealing with scientific challenges of the twenty-first century. Large scale simulations and modelling serve as heuristic tools in a broad problem-solving process. High-performance computing facilities make possible the first step in this process - a view of new and previously inaccessible domains in science and the building up of intuition regarding the new phenomenology. The final goal of this process is to translate this newly found intuition into better algorithms and new analytical results.In this presentation we give an outline of the research themes pursued at the Scientific Computing Laboratory of the Institute of Physics in Belgrade regarding large-scale simulations of complex classical and quantum physical systems, and present recent results obtained in the large-scale simulations of granular materials and path integrals.
Belic, A. [Scientific Computing Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro)
On Local and Global Centrality in Large Scale Networks
Estimating influential nodes in large scale networks including but not limited to social networks, biological networks, communication networks, emerging smart grids etc. is a topic of fundamental interest. To understand influences of nodes in a network, a classical metric is centrality within which there are multiple specific instances including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and more. As of today, existing algorithms to identify nodes with high centrality measures operate upon the entire (or rather global) network, resulting in high computational complexity. In this paper, we design efficient algorithms for determining the betweenness centrality in large scale networks by taking advantage of the modular topology exhibited by most of these large scale networks. Very briefly, modular topologies are those wherein the entire network appears partitioned into distinct modules (or clusters or communities), wherein nodes within the module (that likely share highly similar profiles) h...
Das, Sima
Toward Improved Support for Loosely Coupled Large Scale Simulation Workflows
High-performance computing (HPC) workloads are increasingly leveraging loosely coupled large scale simula- tions. Unfortunately, most large-scale HPC platforms, including Cray/ALPS environments, are designed for the execution of long-running jobs based on coarse-grained launch capabilities (e.g., one MPI rank per core on all allocated compute nodes). This assumption limits capability-class workload campaigns that require large numbers of discrete or loosely coupled simulations, and where time-to-solution is an untenable pacing issue. This paper describes the challenges related to the support of fine-grained launch capabilities that are necessary for the execution of loosely coupled large scale simulations on Cray/ALPS platforms. More precisely, we present the details of an enhanced runtime system to support this use case, and report on initial results from early testing on systems at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Boehm, Swen [ORNL] [ORNL; Elwasif, Wael R [ORNL] [ORNL; Naughton, III, Thomas J [ORNL; Vallee, Geoffroy R [ORNL] [ORNL
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy in the United States: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies.
ZLWK:LQG3RZHU�&RQIHUHQFHRQ Wind Power for the 21 st Century,Large-scale baseload wind power in China. Natural Resourceseconomics of large-scale wind power in a carbon constrained
3X-100 blade field test.
In support of a Work-For-Other (WFO) agreement between the Wind Energy Technology Department at Sandia National Laboratories and 3TEX, one of the three Micon 65/13M wind turbines at the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS) center in Bushland, Texas, has been used to test a set of 9 meter wind turbine blades, manufactured by TPI composites using the 3TEX carbon material for the spar cap. Data collected from the test has been analyzed to evaluate both the aerodynamic performance and the structural response from the blades. The blades aerodynamic and structural performance, the meteorological inflow and the wind turbine structural response has been monitored with an array of 57 instruments: 15 to characterize the blades, 13 to characterize inflow, and 15 to characterize the time-varying state of the turbine. For the test, data was sampled at a rate of 40 Hz using the ATLAS II (Accurate GPS Time-Linked Data Acquisition System) data acquisition system. The system features a time-synchronized continuous data stream and telemetered data from the turbine rotor. This paper documents the instruments and infrastructure that have been developed to monitor these blades, turbines and inflow, as well as both modeling and field testing results.
Zayas, Jose R.; Johnson, Wesley D.
Evolving Large Scale UAV Communication System Adrian Agogino
Evolving Large Scale UAV Communication System Adrian Agogino UCSC at NASA Ames Mail Stop 269 Corvallis, OR 97331 Kagan.Tumer@ oregonstate.edu ABSTRACT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have traditionally powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fly long term missions at high altitudes. This will revo
Tumer, Kagan
Modeling emergent large-scale structures of barchan dune fields
that cannot be readily explained by examining the dynamics at the scale of single dunes, or by appealingModeling emergent large-scale structures of barchan dune fields S. Worman , A.B. Murray , R for a range of field-scale phenomena including isolated patches of dunes and heterogeneous arrangements
Claudin, Philippe
Spatial Energy Balancing in Large-scale Wireless Multihop Networks
Spatial Energy Balancing in Large-scale Wireless Multihop Networks Seung Jun Baek and Gustavo de is on optimizing trade-offs between the energy cost of spreading traffic and the improved spatial balance of energy. We propose a parameterized family of energy balancing strategies for grids and approximate
de Veciana, Gustavo
Parallel Stochastic Gradient Algorithms for Large-Scale Matrix ...
On large-scale matrix completion tasks, Jellyfish is orders of magnitude more efficient than ...... NNLS was written in Matlab, and some of the functions are available .... Figure 6: Low-Rank Factorization Graph on (A) Movielens1M and (B)
Lessons from Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration Studies: Preprint
In general, large-scale integration studies in Europe and the United States find that high penetrations of renewable generation are technically feasible with operational changes and increased access to transmission. This paper describes other key findings such as the need for fast markets, large balancing areas, system flexibility, and the use of advanced forecasting.
Bird, L.; Milligan, M.
Large Scale Mining of Molecular Fragments with Wildcards
Large Scale Mining of Molecular Fragments with Wildcards Heiko Hofer1 , Christian Borgelt2 a novel molecule will be active or inactive, so that future chemical tests can be focused on the most molecular fragments to discriminate between active and inactive molecules. In this paper we present two
Borgelt, Christian
Computer Science Colloquium Designing a Large-Scale Quantum Architecture
Computer Science Colloquium Designing a Large-Scale Quantum Architecture Speaker: Tzvetan Metodi of traditional architectures, to develop a model for a computationally relevant quantum system that provides on the development of balanced architectural models of organization and specialization for emerging quantum computing
ORNL 2013-G00021/tcc Large Scale Graphene Production
ORNL 2013-G00021/tcc 02.2013 Large Scale Graphene Production UT-B ID 201102606 Technology Summary Graphene is an emerging one-atom-thick carbon material which has the potential for a wide range research, graphene has quickly attained the status of a wonder nanomaterial and continued to draw
Materialized community ground models for large-scale earthquake simulation
Materialized community ground models for large-scale earthquake simulation Steven W. Schlosser to ground motion sim- ulations, in which ground model datasets are fully materi- alized into octress stored as a service techniques in which scientific computation and storage services become more tightly intertwined. 1
Shewchuk, Jonathan
Developing A Grid Portal For Large-scale Reservoir Studies
Developing A Grid Portal For Large-scale Reservoir Studies 1 Center for Computation & Technology 2 uncertainty. · Advantages of grid technology · Proposed Solution of the UCoMS Team · What is a Portal? · UCo of reservoir uncertainty... Petroleum drilling consist of many uncertainties. Main objective is to optimize
Allen, Gabrielle
Large Scale Simulation of Tor: Modelling a Global Passive Adversary
. Implementing global passive adversary attacks on currently deployed low latency anonymous networks designs have been developed which attempt to apply mixes to low latency traffic. The most widelyLarge Scale Simulation of Tor: Modelling a Global Passive Adversary Gavin O' Gorman and Stephen
Blott, Stephen
Large Scale Energy Storage: From Nanomaterials to Large Systems
Large Scale Energy Storage: From Nanomaterials to Large Systems Wednesday October 26, 2011, Babbio energy storage devices. Specifically, this talk discusses 1) the challenges for grid scale of emergent technologies with ultralow costs on new energy storage materials and mechanisms. Dr. Jun Liu
Fisher, Frank
Seamlessly Integrating Software & Hardware Modelling for Large-Scale Systems
Engineering, with the math- ematical modelling approach, Modelica, to address the software/hardware integration problem. The environment and hardware components are modelled in Modelica and integrated software-hardware codesign, large-scale sys- tems, Behavior Engineering, Modelica. 1. Introduction
Zhao, Yuxiao
Emphasis in Nanotechnology · ChemicalEngineering Emphasis in Petroleum Engineering · ChemicalEngineering38 Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical, physicochemical and electronics fields. Chemical Engineers are employed in areas as diverse as the chemical, materials, energy
· ChemicalEngineering (Nanotechnology) Bachelor of Science 131 units · ChemicalEngineering(Petroleum38 Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical, physicochemical and electronics fields. Chemical Engineers are employed in areas as diverse as the chemical, pharmaceutical
in Nanotechnology · ChemicalEngineering Emphasis in Petroleum Engineering · ChemicalEngineering Emphasis in Polymers38 Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical, physicochemical and electronics fields. Chemical Engineers are employed in areas as diverse as the chemical, pharmaceutical
Sandia National Laboratories: Senator Bingaman Tells Sandia Wind...
ClimateECEnergySenator Bingaman Tells Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop That Renewable Energy Is Important to U.S. Policy Senator Bingaman Tells Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop...
Wind Speed Forecasting for Power System Operation
In order to support large-scale integration of wind power into current electric energy system, accurate wind speed forecasting is essential, because the high variation and limited predictability of wind pose profound challenges to the power system...
Zhu, Xinxin
Henan Mingdu Wind Power Co Ltd aka He Nan Ming Du Feng Dian Limited...
Company) Place: Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China Sector: Wind energy Product: Wind turbine blades provider. References: Henan Mingdu Wind Power Co Ltd (aka He Nan Ming Du Feng...
Wake Turbulence of Two NREL 5-MW Wind Turbines Immersed in a Neutral Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Flow
The fluid dynamics video considers an array of two NREL 5-MW turbines separated by seven rotor diameters in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The neutral atmospheric boundary-layer flow data were obtained from a precursor ABL simulation using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) framework within OpenFOAM. The mean wind speed at hub height is 8m/s, and the surface roughness is 0.2m. The actuator line method (ALM) is used to model the wind turbine blades by means of body forces added to the momentum equation. The fluid dynamics video shows the root and tip vortices emanating from the blades from various viewpoints. The vortices become unstable and break down into large-scale turbulent structures. As the wakes of the wind turbines advect further downstream, smaller-scale turbulence is generated. It is apparent that vortices generated by the blades of the downstream wind turbine break down faster due to increased turbulence levels generated by the wake of the upstream wind turbine.
Bashioum, Jessica L; Schmitz, Sven; Duque, Earl P N
Rotationally Augmented Flow Structures and Time Varying Loads on Turbine Blades: Preprint
To better understand wind turbine flow physics, time dependent blade surface pressure data were acquired from the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment.
Schreck, S. J.
SciTech Connect: Development and Validation of a New Blade Element...
Technologies Office Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 17 WIND ENERGY BLADE ELEMENT MOMENTUM; SKEWED WAKE; FAST; AERODYN; UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS...
Quantum noise in large-scale coherent nonlinear photonic circuits
A semiclassical simulation approach is presented for studying quantum noise in large-scale photonic circuits incorporating an ideal Kerr nonlinearity. A circuit solver is used to generate matrices defining a set of stochastic differential equations, in which the resonator field variables represent random samplings of the Wigner quasi-probability distributions. Although the semiclassical approach involves making a large-photon-number approximation, tests on one- and two-resonator circuits indicate satisfactory agreement between the semiclassical and full-quantum simulation results in the parameter regime of interest. The semiclassical model is used to simulate random errors in a large-scale circuit that contains 88 resonators and hundreds of components in total, and functions as a 4-bit ripple counter. The error rate as a function of on-state photon number is examined, and it is observed that the quantum fluctuation amplitudes do not increase as signals propagate through the circuit, an important property for scalability.
Charles Santori; Jason S. Pelc; Raymond G. Beausoleil; Nikolas Tezak; Ryan Hamerly; Hideo Mabuchi
Performance Health Monitoring of Large-Scale Systems
This report details the progress made on the ASCR funded project Performance Health Monitoring for Large Scale Systems. A large-�?scale application may not achieve its full performance potential due to degraded performance of even a single subsystem. Detecting performance faults, isolating them, and taking remedial action is critical for the scale of systems on the horizon. PHM aims to develop techniques and tools that can be used to identify and mitigate such performance problems. We accomplish this through two main aspects. The PHM framework encompasses diagnostics, system monitoring, fault isolation, and performance evaluation capabilities that indicates when a performance fault has been detected, either due to an anomaly present in the system itself or due to contention for shared resources between concurrently executing jobs. Software components called the PHM Control system then build upon the capabilities provided by the PHM framework to mitigate degradation caused by performance problems.
Rajamony, Ram
Prototype Vector Machine for Large Scale Semi-Supervised Learning
Practicaldataminingrarelyfalls exactlyinto the supervisedlearning scenario. Rather, the growing amount of unlabeled data poses a big challenge to large-scale semi-supervised learning (SSL). We note that the computationalintensivenessofgraph-based SSLarises largely from the manifold or graph regularization, which in turn lead to large models that are dificult to handle. To alleviate this, we proposed the prototype vector machine (PVM), a highlyscalable,graph-based algorithm for large-scale SSL. Our key innovation is the use of"prototypes vectors" for effcient approximation on both the graph-based regularizer and model representation. The choice of prototypes are grounded upon two important criteria: they not only perform effective low-rank approximation of the kernel matrix, but also span a model suffering the minimum information loss compared with the complete model. We demonstrate encouraging performance and appealing scaling properties of the PVM on a number of machine learning benchmark data sets.
Zhang, Kai; Kwok, James T.; Parvin, Bahram
Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission from Large Scale Structures
For more than a decade now the complete origin of the diffuse gamma-ray emission background (EGRB) has been unknown. Major components like unresolved star-forming galaxies (making 10GeV. Moreover, we show that, even though the gamma-ray emission arising from structure formation shocks at galaxy clusters is below previous estimates, these large scale shocks can still give an important, and even dominant at high energies, contribution to the EGRB. Future detections of cluster gamma-ray emission would make our upper limit of the extragalactic gamma-ray emission from structure-formation process, a firm prediction, and give us deeper insight in evolution of these large scale shock.
Dobardzic, Aleksandra
Suppression of large-scale perturbations by stiff solid
Evolution of large-scale scalar perturbations in the presence of stiff solid (solid with pressure to energy density ratio > 1/3) is studied. If the solid dominated the dynamics of the universe long enough, the perturbations could end up suppressed by as much as several orders of magnitude. To avoid too steep large-angle power spectrum of CMB, radiation must have prevailed over the solid long enough before recombination.
Vladim�r Balek; Matej �kovran
Balek, Vladim�r
The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.
The increasing demand for natural gas could increase the number and frequency of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanker deliveries to ports across the United States. Because of the increasing number of shipments and the number of possible new facilities, concerns about the potential safety of the public and property from an accidental, and even more importantly intentional spills, have increased. While improvements have been made over the past decade in assessing hazards from LNG spills, the existing experimental data is much smaller in size and scale than many postulated large accidental and intentional spills. Since the physics and hazards from a fire change with fire size, there are concerns about the adequacy of current hazard prediction techniques for large LNG spills and fires. To address these concerns, Congress funded the Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 to conduct a series of laboratory and large-scale LNG pool fire experiments at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This report presents the test data and results of both sets of fire experiments. A series of five reduced-scale (gas burner) tests (yielding 27 sets of data) were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Sandia's Thermal Test Complex (TTC) to assess flame height to fire diameter ratios as a function of nondimensional heat release rates for extrapolation to large-scale LNG fires. The large-scale LNG pool fire experiments were conducted in a 120 m diameter pond specially designed and constructed in Sandia's Area III large-scale test complex. Two fire tests of LNG spills of 21 and 81 m in diameter were conducted in 2009 to improve the understanding of flame height, smoke production, and burn rate and therefore the physics and hazards of large LNG spills and fires.
Simpson, Richard B.; Jensen, Richard Pearson; Demosthenous, Byron; Luketa, Anay Josephine; Ricks, Allen Joseph; Hightower, Marion Michael; Blanchat, Thomas K.; Helmick, Paul H.; Tieszen, Sheldon Robert; Deola, Regina Anne; Mercier, Jeffrey Alan; Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie; Miller, Timothy J.
Large-Scale Optimization for Bayesian Inference in Complex Systems
The SAGUARO (Scalable Algorithms for Groundwater Uncertainty Analysis and Robust Optimization) Project focused on the development of scalable numerical algorithms for large-scale Bayesian inversion in complex systems that capitalize on advances in large-scale simulation-based optimization and inversion methods. The project was a collaborative effort among MIT, the University of Texas at Austin, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Sandia National Laboratories. The research was directed in three complementary areas: efficient approximations of the Hessian operator, reductions in complexity of forward simulations via stochastic spectral approximations and model reduction, and employing large-scale optimization concepts to accelerate sampling. The MIT--Sandia component of the SAGUARO Project addressed the intractability of conventional sampling methods for large-scale statistical inverse problems by devising reduced-order models that are faithful to the full-order model over a wide range of parameter values; sampling then employs the reduced model rather than the full model, resulting in very large computational savings. Results indicate little effect on the computed posterior distribution. On the other hand, in the Texas--Georgia Tech component of the project, we retain the full-order model, but exploit inverse problem structure (adjoint-based gradients and partial Hessian information of the parameter-to-observation map) to implicitly extract lower dimensional information on the posterior distribution; this greatly speeds up sampling methods, so that fewer sampling points are needed. We can think of these two approaches as ``reduce then sample'' and ``sample then reduce.'' In fact, these two approaches are complementary, and can be used in conjunction with each other. Moreover, they both exploit deterministic inverse problem structure, in the form of adjoint-based gradient and Hessian information of the underlying parameter-to-observation map, to achieve their speedups.
Willcox, Karen [MIT] [MIT; Marzouk, Youssef [MIT] [MIT
Large Scale Deployment of Renewables for Electricity Generation
).38 The small scale of renewable energy projects multiplies the relative costs incurred through multiple administrative processes. For example, biogas plants in Germany require several parallel permit processes designed to address issues such as EU... -cellulose material. Anaerobic digestion or gasification of biomass produces gas that can be used in similar applications to natural gas. Small-scale biogas production is now a well-established technology and large-scale application is in the advanced stages...
Neuhoff, Karsten
Ris-R-1388(EN) Applied Modal Analysis of Wind
Ris�-R-1388(EN) Applied Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Henrik Broen Pedersen, Ole Jesper for wind turbine blades. Different methods to measure the position and adjust the direction of the meas measurement on the same wind turbine blade. Furthermore the flexibility of the test set-up is investigated
Ris-R-1334(EN) Identification of Damage to Wind
Ris�-R-1334(EN) Identification of Damage to Wind Turbine Blades by Modal Parameter Estimation April 2002 #12;Ris�-R-1334(EN) Identification of Damage to Wind Turbine Blades by Modal Parameter condition monitoring of wind turbine blades (Phase I)". The goal of Phase I is to make a pre
Geospatial Optimization of Siting Large-Scale Solar Projects
Recent policy and economic conditions have encouraged a renewed interest in developing large-scale solar projects in the U.S. Southwest. However, siting large-scale solar projects is complex. In addition to the quality of the solar resource, solar developers must take into consideration many environmental, social, and economic factors when evaluating a potential site. This report describes a proof-of-concept, Web-based Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tool that evaluates multiple user-defined criteria in an optimization algorithm to inform discussions and decisions regarding the locations of utility-scale solar projects. Existing siting recommendations for large-scale solar projects from governmental and non-governmental organizations are not consistent with each other, are often not transparent in methods, and do not take into consideration the differing priorities of stakeholders. The siting assistance GIS tool we have developed improves upon the existing siting guidelines by being user-driven, transparent, interactive, capable of incorporating multiple criteria, and flexible. This work provides the foundation for a dynamic siting assistance tool that can greatly facilitate siting decisions among multiple stakeholders.
Macknick, J.; Quinby, T.; Caulfield, E.; Gerritsen, M.; Diffendorfer, J.; Haines, S.
Primordial quantum nonequilibrium and large-scale cosmic anomalies
We study incomplete relaxation to quantum equilibrium at long wavelengths, during a pre-inflationary phase, as a possible explanation for the reported large-scale anomalies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Our scenario makes use of the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave formulation of quantum theory, in which the Born probability rule has a dynamical origin. The large-scale power deficit could arise from incomplete relaxation for the amplitudes of the primordial perturbations. We show, by numerical simulations for a spectator scalar field, that if the pre-inflationary era is radiation dominated then the deficit in the emerging power spectrum will have a characteristic shape (an inverse-tangent dependence on wavenumber k, with oscillations). It is found that our scenario is able to produce a power deficit in the observed region and of the observed (approximate) magnitude for an appropriate choice of cosmological parameters. We also discuss the large-scale anisotropy, which could arise from incomplete relaxation for the phases of the primordial perturbations. We present numerical simulations for phase relaxation, and we show how to define characteristic scales for amplitude and phase nonequilibrium. The extent to which the data might support our scenario is left as a question for future work. Our results suggest that we have a potentially viable model that might explain two apparently independent cosmic anomalies by means of a single mechanism.
Samuel Colin; Antony Valentini
Microwave backgropund anisotropies, large-scale structure and cosmological parameters
We review how the various large-scale data constrain cosmological parameters and, consequently, theories for the origin of large-scale structure in the Universe. We discuss the form of the power spectrum implied by the correlation data of galaxies and argue by comparing the velocity field implied by the distribution of light with the observed velocity flows that the bias parameter, $b$, is likely to be constant in the linear regime. This then allows one to estimate the density parameter, $\\Omega$, and $b$ directly from the \\underline{data} on $\\xi(r)$ and the velocity fields. We show that it is consistent with low values of $\\Omega^{0.6}/b$. We discuss the ways to normalise the optical data at $z\\sim0$ directly to the COBE (or other microwave background) data. The data on high-$z$ \\underline{galaxies} allows one to further constrain the shape of the \\underline{primordial} power spectrum at scales which are non-linear today ($< 8h^{-1}$Mpc) and we discuss the consistency of the data with inflationary models normalised to the large-scale structure observations.
A. Kashlinsky
University of Michigan Gets Offshore Wind Ready for Winter on...
Project Overview Positive Impact Understanding the impact of ice on offshore wind turbines. Modeling tool to analyze the ice buildup on wind turbine blades. Locations...
NREL: Wind Research - NREL Assesses National Design Standards...
Assesses National Design Standards for Offshore Wind Energy Projects This photo shows a row of offshore wind turbines from a vertical perspective. The blades from each turbine are...
FY results for the Los Alamos large scale demonstration and deployment project
The Los Alamos Large Scale Demonstration and Deployment Project (LSDDP) in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area (DDFA) is identifying and demonstrating technologies to reduce the cost and risk of management of transuranic element contaminated large metal objects, i.e. gloveboxes. DOE must dispose of hundreds of gloveboxes from Rocky Flats, Los Alamos and other DOE sites. Current practices for removal, decontamination and size reduction of large metal objects translates to a DOE system-wide cost in excess of $800 million, without disposal costs. In FY99 and FY00 the Los Alamos LSDDP performed several demonstrations on cost/risk savings technologies. Commercial air pallets were demonstrated for movement and positioning of the oversized crates in neutron counting equipment. The air pallets are able to cost effectively address the complete waste management inventory, whereas the baseline wheeled carts could address only 25% of the inventory with higher manpower costs. A gamma interrogation radiography technology was demonstrated to support characterization of the crates. The technology was developed for radiography of trucks for identification of contraband. The radiographs were extremely useful in guiding the selection and method for opening very large crated metal objects. The cost of the radiography was small and the operating benefit is high. Another demonstration compared a Blade Cutting Plunger and reciprocating saw for removal of glovebox legs and appurtenances. The cost comparison showed that the Blade Cutting Plunger costs were comparable, and a significant safety advantage was reported. A second radiography demonstration was conducted evaluation of a technology based on WIPP-type x-ray characterization of large boxes. This technology provides considerable detail of the contents of the crates. The technology identified details as small as the fasteners in the crates, an unpunctured aerosol can, and a vessel containing liquids. The cost of this technology is higher than the gamma interrogation technique, but the detail provided is much greater.
Stallings, E.; McFee, J. [and others
2009 ASME WIND ENERGY SYMPOSIUM Static and Fatigue Testing of Thick Adhesive Joints for
1 2009 ASME WIND ENERGY SYMPOSIUM Static and Fatigue Testing of Thick Adhesive Joints for Wind as wind blade size has increased. Typical blade joints use paste adhesives several millimeters thick aircraft, which are also of relevance to wind blades in many instances. The strengths of lap-shear and many
Stability Design for the Crane Columns of the Wind Technology Testing Center E. M. Hines1
to test wind turbine blades up to 90 m in length. The laboratory is enclosed by eleven steel trussed generation of wind turbine blades for off-shore wind farm development. Whereas the largest blades for land of power per turbine, offshore wind turbines are expected to reach power outputs as high as 10 MW
Hines, Eric
Solar cycle variations of large scale flows in the Sun
Using data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we study the large-scale velocity fields in the outer part of the solar convection zone using the ring diagram technique. We use observations from four different times to study possible temporal variations in flow velocity. We find definite changes in both the zonal and meridional components of the flows. The amplitude of the zonal flow appears to increase with solar activity and the flow pattern also shifts towards lower latitude with time.
Sarbani Basu; H. M. Antia
Large scale EPR correlations and cosmic gravitational waves
We study how quantum correlations survive at large scales in spite of their exposition to stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves. We consider Einstein-Podolski-Rosen (EPR) correlations built up on the polarizations of photon pairs and evaluate how they are affected by the cosmic gravitational wave background (CGWB). We evaluate the quantum decoherence of the EPR correlations in terms of a reduction of the violation of the Bell inequality as written by Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH). We show that this decoherence remains small and that EPR correlations can in principle survive up to the largest cosmic scales.
B. Lamine; R. Herv�; M. -T. Jaekel; A. Lambrecht; S. Reynaud
Large-Scale Anisotropy of EGRET Gamma Ray Sources
In the course of its operation, the EGRET experiment detected high-energy gamma ray sources at energies above 100 MeV over the whole sky. In this communication, we search for large-scale anisotropy patterns among the catalogued EGRET sources using an expansion in spherical harmonics, accounting for EGRET's highly non-uniform exposure. We find significant excess in the quadrupole and octopole moments. This is consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to the galactic plane, a second mid-latitude (5^{\\circ} < |b| < 30^{\\circ}) population, perhaps associated with the Gould belt, contributes to the gamma ray flux above 100 MeV.
Luis Anchordoqui; Thomas McCauley; Thomas Paul; Olaf Reimer; Diego F. Torres
Robust Morphological Measures for Large-Scale Structure
A complete family of statistical descriptors for the morphology of large--scale structure based on Minkowski--Functionals is presented. These robust and significant measures can be used to characterize the local and global morphology of spatial patterns formed by a coverage of point sets which represent galaxy samples. Basic properties of these measures are highlighted and their relation to the `genus statistics' is discussed. Test models like a Poissonian point process and samples generated from a Voronoi--model are put into perspective.
T. Buchert
Statistical analysis of large-scale structure in the Universe
Methods for the statistical characterization of the large-scale structure in the Universe will be the main topic of the present text. The focus is on geometrical methods, mainly Minkowski functionals and the J-function. Their relations to standard methods used in cosmology and spatial statistics and their application to cosmological datasets will be discussed. This work is not only meant as a short review for comologist, but also attempts to illustrate these morphological methods and to make them accessible to scientists from other fields. Consequently, a short introduction to the standard picture of cosmology is given.
Martin Kerscher
Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticle-Based Lubrication Additives
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeatMulti-Dimensionalthe10 DOEWashington,LM-04-XXXX OfficeLandLarge-Scale Manufacturing
Large-Scale Renewable Energy Guide | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeatMulti-Dimensionalthe10 DOEWashington,LM-04-XXXX OfficeLandLarge-Scale
Skewness and Kurtosis in Large-Scale Cosmic Fields
In this paper, I present the calculation of the third and fourth moments of both the distribution function of the large--scale density and the large--scale divergence of the velocity field, $\\theta$. These calculations are made by the mean of perturbative calculations assuming Gaussian initial conditions and are expected to be valid in the linear or quasi linear regime. The moments are derived for a top--hat window function and for any cosmological parameters $\\Omega$ and $\\Lambda$. It turns out that the dependence with $\\Lambda$ is always very weak whereas the moments of the distribution function of the divergence are strongly dependent on $\\Omega$. A method to measure $\\Omega$ using the skewness of this field has already been presented by Bernardeau et al. (1993). I show here that the simultaneous measurement of the skewness and the kurtosis allows to test the validity of the gravitational instability scenario hypothesis. Indeed there is a combination of the first three moments of $\\theta$ that is almost independent of the cosmological parameters $\\Omega$ and $\\Lambda$, $${(-3^2) \\over ^2}\\approx 1.5,$$ (the value quoted is valid when the index of the power spectrum at the filtering scale is close to -1) so that any cosmic velocity field created by gravitational instabilities should verify such a property.
F. Bernardeau
Large Scale Structure in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The primary observational goals of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are to obtain CCD imaging of 10,000 deg^2 of the north Galactic cap in five passbands, with a limiting magnitude in the r-band of 22.5, to obtain spectroscopic redshifts of 10^6 galaxies and 10^5 quasars, and to obtain similar data for three ~ 200 deg^2 stripes in the south Galactic cap, with repeated imaging to allow co-addition and variability studies in at least one of these stripes. The resulting photometric and spectroscopic galaxy datasets allow one to map the large scale structure traced by optical galaxies over a wide range of scales to unprecedented precision. Results relevant to the large scale structure of our Universe include: a flat model with a cosmological constant Omega_Lambda=0.7 provides a good description of the data; the galaxy-galaxy correlation function shows departures from a power law which are statistically significant; and galaxy clustering is a strong function of galaxy type.
M. Bernardi
Blade Testing Equipment Development and Commercialization: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-09-346
Blade testing is required to meet wind turbine design standards, reduce machine cost, and reduce the technical and financial risk of deploying mass-produced wind turbine models. NREL?s National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Colorado is the only blade test facility in the U.S. capable of performing full-scale static and fatigue testing of multi-megawatt-scale wind turbine blades. Rapid growth in wind turbine size over the past two decades has outstripped the size capacity of the NWTC blade test facility leaving the U.S. wind industry without a suitable means of testing blades for large land-based and offshore turbines. This CRADA will develop and commercialize testing technologies and test equipment, including scaling up, value engineering, and testing of equipment to be used at blade testing facilities in the U.S. and around the world.
Snowberg, D.; Hughes, S.
Vertical axis wind turbine
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (Horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with a starting and braking control system. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the axis and being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the vertical rotary axis.
Kato, Y.; Seki, K.; Shimizu, Y.
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (Horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with rotational speed control systems. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotating shaft by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the shaft and being provided with aerodynamic control elements operating manually or automatically to control the rotational speed of the turbine.
Combining Droop Curve Concepts with Control Systems for Wind Turbine Active Power Control: Preprint
Wind energy is becoming a larger portion of the global energy portfolio and wind penetration has increased dramatically in certain regions of the world. This increasing wind penetration has driven the need for wind turbines to provide active power control (APC) services to the local utility grid, as wind turbines do not intrinsically provide frequency regulation services that are common with traditional generators. It is common for large scale wind turbines to be decoupled from the utility grid via power electronics, which allows the turbine to synthesize APC commands via control of the generator torque and blade pitch commands. Consequently, the APC services provided by a wind turbine can be more flexible than those provided by conventional generators. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of both static and dynamic droop curves to measure grid frequency and output delta power reference signals to a novel power set point tracking control system. The combined droop curve and power tracking controller is simulated and comparisons are made between simulations using various droop curve parameters and stochastic wind conditions. The tradeoffs involved with aggressive response to frequency events are analyzed. At the turbine level, simulations are performed to analyze induced structural loads. At the grid level, simulations test a wind plant's response to a dip in grid frequency.
Buckspan, A.; Aho, J.; Pao, L.; Fleming, P.; Jeong, Y.
Determining effects of turbine blades on fluid motion
Disclosed is a technique for simulating wind interaction with wind turbines. A turbine blade is divided into radial sections. The effect that each of these radial sections has on the velocities in Eulerian computational cells they overlap is determined. The effect is determined using Lagrangian techniques such that the calculations need not include wind components in the radial direction. A force on each radial section of turbine blade is determined. This force depends on the axial and azimuthal components of the fluid flow in the computational cell and the geometric properties of the turbine blade. The force on the turbine blade is fed back to effect the fluid flow in the computational cell for the next time step.
Linn, Rodman Ray (Los Alamos, NM); Koo, Eunmo (Los Alamos, NM)
CX-100 and TX-100 blade field tests.
In support of the DOE Low Wind Speed Turbine (LWST) program two of the three Micon 65/13M wind turbines at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) center in Bushland, Texas will be used to test two sets of experimental blades, the CX-100 and TX-100. The blade aerodynamic and structural characterization, meteorological inflow and wind turbine structural response will be monitored with an array of 75 instruments: 33 to characterize the blades, 15 to characterize the inflow, and 27 to characterize the time-varying state of the turbine. For both tests, data will be sampled at a rate of 30 Hz using the ATLAS II (Accurate GPS Time-Linked Data Acquisition System) data acquisition system. The system features a time-synchronized continuous data stream and telemetered data from the turbine rotor. This paper documents the instruments and infrastructure that have been developed to monitor these blades, turbines and inflow.
Holman, Adam (USDA-Agriculture Research Service, Bushland, TX); Jones, Perry L.; Zayas, Jose R.
, performance coefficient, unsteady simulation, VAWT, vertical axis, wind energy, pitch controlled bladesNUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW STREAM IN A MINI VAWT WITH RELATIVE ROTATING BLADES Bayeul-Lainé Annie.dockter- email@example.com,email@example.com Abstract Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate
157 (noting that noise cause by wind turbines can be causedby the visual and noise impacts of the proposed wind turbinenoise caused by interaction of the turbine blades with the wind).
Rotationally sampled wind characteristics and correlations with MOD-OA wind turbine response
This report presents results of a comprehensive wind and wind turbine measurement program: the Clayton, New Mexico, vertical plane array/MOD-OA project. In this experiment, the turbulent wind was measured for a large array of fixed anemometers located two blade diameters upwind of a 200-kW horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). Simultaneously, key wind turbine response parameters were also measured. The first of two major objectives of this experiment was to determine the turbulent wind, rotationally sampled to emulate the motion of the wind turbine blade, for the range of different wind speeds and stability classes actually experienced by the wind turbine. The second major objective was to correlate this rotationally sampled wind with the wind turbine blade stress and power, in order to assess the usefulness of the wind measurements for wind turbine loads testing a prediction. Time series of rotationally sampled winds and wind turbine blade bending moments and power were converted to frequency spectra using Fourier transform techniques. These spectra were used as the basis for both qualitative and quantitative comparisons among the various cases. A quantitative comparison between the rotationally sampled wind input and blade bending response was made, using the Fourier spectra to estimate the blade transfer function. These transfer functions were then used to calculate an approximate damping coefficient for the MOD-OA fiberglass blade.
George, R.L.; Connell, J.R.
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine disc having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade and forms a turbine assembly. The turbine blade has a root portion defining a pair of sides having a pair of grooves therein. The turbine assembly includes a pair of flanges between which the turbine blades are positioned. Each of the pair of flanges has a plurality of grooves defined therein. The grooves within the pair of flanges are aligned with the grooves in the blades and have a space formed therebetween. A plurality of spherical balls are positioned within the space. The plurality of spherical balls has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being equal to the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade.
Shaffer, James E. (Maitland, FL)
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine disc having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade and forms a turbine assembly. The turbine blade has a root portion defining a pair of sides having a pair of grooves therein. The turbine assembly includes a pair of flanges between which the turbine blades are positioned. Each of the pair of flanges has a plurality of grooves defined therein. The grooves within the pair of flanges are aligned with the grooves in the blades and have a space formed therebetween. A plurality of spherical balls are positioned within the space. The plurality of spherical balls has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being equal to the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. 4 figs.
Shaffer, J.E.
Transition from Large-Scale to Small-Scale Dynamo
The dynamo equations are solved numerically with a helical forcing corresponding to the Roberts flow. In the fully turbulent regime the flow behaves as a Roberts flow on long time scales, plus turbulent fluctuations at short time scales. The dynamo onset is controlled by the long time scales of the flow, in agreement with the former Karlsruhe experimental results. The is governed by a generalized {alpha} effect, which includes both the usual {alpha} effect and turbulent diffusion, plus all higher order effects. Beyond the onset we find that this generalized {alpha} effect scales as O(Rm{sup -1}), suggesting the takeover of small-scale dynamo action. This is confirmed by simulations in which dynamo occurs even if the large-scale field is artificially suppressed.
Ponty, Y. [Universite de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, B.P. 4229, Nice cedex 04 (France); Plunian, F. [Institut des Sciences de la Terre, CNRS, Universite Joseph Fourier, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09 (France)
Large scale anisotropic bias from primordial non-Gaussianity
In this work we study the large scale structure bias in models of anisotropic inflation. We use the Peak Background Splitting method in Excursion Set Theory to find the scale-dependent bias. We show that the amplitude of the bias is modified by a direction-dependent factor. In the specific anisotropic inflation model which we study, the scale-dependent bias vanishes at leading order when the long wavelength mode in squeezed limit is aligned with the anisotropic direction in the sky. We also extend the scale-dependent bias formulation to the general situations with primordial anisotropy. We find some selection rules indicating that some specific parts of a generic anisotropic bispectrum is picked up by the bias parameter. We argue that the anisotropic bias is mainly sourced by the angle between the anisotropic direction and the long wavelength mode in the squeezed limit.
Baghram, Shant; Firouzjahi, Hassan [School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Namjoo, Mohammad Hossein, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Atypical Behavior Identification in Large Scale Network Traffic
Cyber analysts are faced with the daunting challenge of identifying exploits and threats within potentially billions of daily records of network traffic. Enterprise-wide cyber traffic involves hundreds of millions of distinct IP addresses and results in data sets ranging from terabytes to petabytes of raw data. Creating behavioral models and identifying trends based on those models requires data intensive architectures and techniques that can scale as data volume increases. Analysts need scalable visualization methods that foster interactive exploration of data and enable identification of behavioral anomalies. Developers must carefully consider application design, storage, processing, and display to provide usability and interactivity with large-scale data. We present an application that highlights atypical behavior in enterprise network flow records. This is accomplished by utilizing data intensive architectures to store the data, aggregation techniques to optimize data access, statistical techniques to characterize behavior, and a visual analytic environment to render the behavioral trends, highlight atypical activity, and allow for exploration.
Best, Daniel M.; Hafen, Ryan P.; Olsen, Bryan K.; Pike, William A.
The XMM/Megacam-VST/VIRMOS Large Scale Structure Survey
The objective of the XMM-LSS Survey is to map the large scale structure of the universe, as highlighted by clusters and groups of galaxies, out to a redshift of about 1, over a single 8x8 sq.deg. area. For the first time, this will reveal the topology of the distribution of the deep potential wells and provide statistical measurements at truly cosmological distances. In addition, clusters identified via their X-ray properties will form the basis for the first uniformly-selected, multi-wavelength survey of the evolution of clusters and individual cluster galaxies as a function of redshift. The survey will also address the very important question of the QSO distribution within the cosmic web.
M. Pierre
High Metallicity, Photoionised Gas in Intergalactic Large-Scale Filaments
We present high-resolution UV spectra of absorption-line systems toward the low-z QSO HS0624+6907 (z=0.3700). Coupled with spectroscopic galaxy redshifts, we find that many of these absorbers are integalactic gas clouds distributed within large-scale structures. The gas is cool (T0.9). STIS data reveal a cluster of 13 HI Lyman alpha lines within a 1000 km/s interval at z=0.0635. We find 10 galaxies at this redshift with impact parameters ranging from 135 h^-1 kpc to 1.37 h^-1 Mpc. We attribute the HI Lya absorptions to intragroup medium gas, possibly from a large-scale filament viewed along its long axis. Remarkably, the metallicity is near-solar, [M/H] = -0.05 +/- 0.4 (2 sigma uncertainty), yet the nearest galaxy which might pollute the IGM is at least 135 h_70^-1 kpc away. Tidal stripping from nearby galaxies appears to be the most likely origin of this highly enriched, cool gas. More than six Abell galaxy clusters are found within 4 degree of the sight line suggesting that the QSO line of sight passes near a node in the cosmic web. At z~0.077, we find absorption systems as well as galaxies at the redshift of the nearby clusters Abell 564 and Abell 559. We conclude that the sight line pierces a filament of gas and galaxies feeding into these clusters. The absorber at z_abs = 0.07573 associated with Abell 564/559 also has a high metallicity with [C/H] > -0.6, but again the closest galaxy is relatively far from the sight line (293 h^-1 kpc).
Bastien Aracil; Todd M. Tripp; David V. Bowen; Jason X. Proschaska; Hsiao-Wen Chen; Brenda L. Frye
Training a Large Scale Classifier with the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm
In a previous publication we proposed discrete global optimization as a method to train a strong binary classifier constructed as a thresholded sum over weak classifiers. Our motivation was to cast the training of a classifier into a format amenable to solution by the quantum adiabatic algorithm. Applying adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) promises to yield solutions that are superior to those which can be achieved with classical heuristic solvers. Interestingly we found that by using heuristic solvers to obtain approximate solutions we could already gain an advantage over the standard method AdaBoost. In this communication we generalize the baseline method to large scale classifier training. By large scale we mean that either the cardinality of the dictionary of candidate weak classifiers or the number of weak learners used in the strong classifier exceed the number of variables that can be handled effectively in a single global optimization. For such situations we propose an iterative and piecewise approach in which a subset of weak classifiers is selected in each iteration via global optimization. The strong classifier is then constructed by concatenating the subsets of weak classifiers. We show in numerical studies that the generalized method again successfully competes with AdaBoost. We also provide theoretical arguments as to why the proposed optimization method, which does not only minimize the empirical loss but also adds L0-norm regularization, is superior to versions of boosting that only minimize the empirical loss. By conducting a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation we gather evidence that the quantum adiabatic algorithm is able to handle a generic training problem efficiently.
Hartmut Neven; Vasil S. Denchev; Geordie Rose; William G. Macready
Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development
This report describes a three-bladed, upwind, variable-speed, variable blade-pitch-to-feather-controlled multimegawatt wind turbine model developed by NREL to support concept studies aimed at assessing offshore wind technology.
Jonkman, J.; Butterfield, S.; Musial, W.; Scott, G.
he defining element of modern wind farms is the pro-peller-like structure known as a horizontal-axis wind
-axis wind turbine.Amarvel of engineering, the HAWT typically comprises more than 8000 parts, and its blades by the wind turbine's rotor blades. The second term (with the leading factor of 1 /2 in- cluded turbines (VAWTs), whose airfoil blades rotate about a vertical axis. In schooling fish and wind
Dabiri, John O.
Wind Power: How Much, How Soon, and At What Cost?
Evaluation of Global Wind Power." Journal of Geophysical2008. "The Economics of Wind Power with Energy Storage."Economics of Large-Scale Wind Power in a Carbon Constrained
Wiser, Ryan H
Fully coupled dynamic analysis of a floating wind turbine system
The use of wind power is in a period of rapid growth worldwide and wind energy systems have emerged as a promising technology for utilizing offshore wind resources for the large scale generation of electricity. Drawing ...
Withee, Jon E
Large-scale fabrication and assembly of carbon nanotubes via nanopelleting
Widespread use of carbon nanotubes is predicated on the development of robust large-scale manufacturing techniques. There remain, however, few feasible methods for the large-scale handling of aligned and geometrically ...
El Aguizy, Tarek A., 1977-
Architectural Design and Complexity Analysis of Large-Scale Cortical Simulation on a Hybrid Computing Platform
- performance computing platform for large-scale mathematical models. Traditional computing architecture cannot hybrid computing architecture for the simulation and evaluation of large-scale associative neural memory models. The proposed architecture achieves very high computing and communication performances
Qiu, Qinru
Workshop on Scalable Cyber-Security Challenges in Large-Scale Networks: Deployment Obstacles
Workshop on Scalable Cyber-Security Challenges in Large-Scale Networks: Deployment Obstacles Large, and Definitions of Cybersecurity.... 8 Conventional Wisdom is Inadequate....................................... 9 Directions in Scalable Cyber-Security in Large-Scale Networks: Deployment Obstacles." The workshop
Feigenbaum, Joan
Energy Department Awards $66.7 Million for Large-Scale Carbon...
66.7 Million for Large-Scale Carbon Sequestration Project Energy Department Awards 66.7 Million for Large-Scale Carbon Sequestration Project December 18, 2007 - 4:58pm Addthis...
DOE Awards $126.6 Million for Two More Large-Scale Carbon Sequestratio...
126.6 Million for Two More Large-Scale Carbon Sequestration Projects DOE Awards 126.6 Million for Two More Large-Scale Carbon Sequestration Projects May 6, 2008 - 11:30am Addthis...
Supporting Large-scale Continuous Stream Datacenters via Pub/Sub Middleware and Adaptive Transport Protocols
Supporting Large-scale Continuous Stream Datacenters via Pub/Sub Middleware and Adaptive Transport {mahesh, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Large-scale datacenters that handle continuous data streams require constitutes a promising area of research to address the challenges of these types of large-scale datacenters
Schmidt, Douglas C.
Influence of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on Their Large-Scale Environment
water vapor, and sea surface tem- perature (SST)] on an index of TC activity [accumulated cyclone energyInfluence of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on Their Large-Scale Environment ADAM H. SOBEL) tropical cyclones (TCs) on their large-scale environment by lag regressing various large-scale climate
Sobel, Adam
Ferroelectric opening switches for large-scale pulsed power drivers.
Fast electrical energy storage or Voltage-Driven Technology (VDT) has dominated fast, high-voltage pulsed power systems for the past six decades. Fast magnetic energy storage or Current-Driven Technology (CDT) is characterized by 10,000 X higher energy density than VDT and has a great number of other substantial advantages, but it has all but been neglected for all of these decades. The uniform explanation for neglect of CDT technology is invariably that the industry has never been able to make an effective opening switch, which is essential for the use of CDT. Most approaches to opening switches have involved plasma of one sort or another. On a large scale, gaseous plasmas have been used as a conductor to bridge the switch electrodes that provides an opening function when the current wave front propagates through to the output end of the plasma and fully magnetizes the plasma - this is called a Plasma Opening Switch (POS). Opening can be triggered in a POS using a magnetic field to push the plasma out of the A-K gap - this is called a Magnetically Controlled Plasma Opening Switch (MCPOS). On a small scale, depletion of electron plasmas in semiconductor devices is used to affect opening switch behavior, but these devices are relatively low voltage and low current compared to the hundreds of kilo-volts and tens of kilo-amperes of interest to pulsed power. This work is an investigation into an entirely new approach to opening switch technology that utilizes new materials in new ways. The new materials are Ferroelectrics and using them as an opening switch is a stark contrast to their traditional applications in optics and transducer applications. Emphasis is on use of high performance ferroelectrics with the objective of developing an opening switch that would be suitable for large scale pulsed power applications. Over the course of exploring this new ground, we have discovered new behaviors and properties of these materials that were here to fore unknown. Some of these unexpected discoveries have lead to new research directions to address challenges.
Brennecka, Geoffrey L.; Rudys, Joseph Matthew; Reed, Kim Warren; Pena, Gary Edward; Tuttle, Bruce Andrew; Glover, Steven Frank
Large-Scale Spray Releases: Additional Aerosol Test Results
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis for the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak event involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids that behave as a Newtonian fluid. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and in processing facilities across the DOE complex. To expand the data set upon which the WTP accident and safety analyses were based, an aerosol spray leak testing program was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL�s test program addressed two key technical areas to improve the WTP methodology (Larson and Allen 2010). The first technical area was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where slurry particles may plug the hole and prevent high-pressure sprays. The results from an effort to address this first technical area can be found in Mahoney et al. (2012a). The second technical area was to determine aerosol droplet size distribution and total droplet volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, including sprays from larger breaches and sprays of slurries for which literature data are mostly absent. To address the second technical area, the testing program collected aerosol generation data at two scales, commonly referred to as small-scale and large-scale testing. The small-scale testing and resultant data are described in Mahoney et al. (2012b), and the large-scale testing and resultant data are presented in Schonewill et al. (2012). In tests at both scales, simulants were used to mimic the relevant physical properties projected for actual WTP process streams.
Daniel, Richard C.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Fountain, Matthew S.; Shimskey, Rick W.; Billing, Justin M.; Bontha, Jagannadha R.; Kurath, Dean E.; Jenks, Jeromy WJ; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Mahoney, Lenna A.
Composite turbine blade design options for Claude (open) cycle OTEC power systems
Small-scale turbine rotors made from composites offer several technical advantages for a Claude (open) cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system. Westinghouse Electric Corporation has designed a composite turbine rotor/disk using state-of-the-art analysis methods for large-scale (100-MW/sub e/) open cycle OTEC applications. Near-term demonstrations using conventional low-pressure turbine blade shapes with composite material would achieve feasibility and modern credibility of the open cycle OTEC power system. Application of composite blades for low-pressure turbo-machinery potentially improves the reliability of conventional metal blades affected by stress corrosion.
Penney, T.R.
Turbine blade platform seal
A rotating blade group 90 for a turbo-machine having an improved device for sealing the gap 110 between the edges 112,114 of adjacent blade platforms 96,104. The gap 110 between adjacent blades 92,100 is sealed by a seal pin 20 its central portion 110 and by a seal plate 58,60 at each of the front 54 and rear 56 portions. The seal plates 58,60 are inserted into corresponding grooves 62,64 formed in the adjacent edges 112,114 of adjoining blades 92,100 and held in place by end plates 40,42. The end of the seal plates 58,60 may be chamfered 78,80 to improve the seal against the end plate 40,42. The seal pin 20 provides the required damping between the blades 92,100 and the seal plates 58,60 provide improved sealing effectiveness.
Zagar, Thomas W. (Winter Springs, FL); Schiavo, Anthony L. (Oviedo, FL)
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine wheel having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine blade has a root portion having a first groove and a second groove therein. The turbine wheel includes a plurality of openings in which the turbine blade is positioned. Each of the openings has a first groove and a second groove therein. The space or void formed between the first grooves and the second grooves has a plurality of spherical balls positioned therein. The plurality of spherical balls has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being equal to the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade.
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine wheel having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine blade has a root portion having a first groove and a second groove therein. The turbine wheel includes a plurality of openings in which the turbine blade is positioned. Each of the openings has a first groove and a second groove therein. The space or void formed between the first grooves and the second grooves has a plurality of spherical balls positioned therein. The plurality of spherical balls has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being equal to the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. 4 figures.
Giant radio galaxies - II. Tracers of large-scale structure
We have carried out optical spectroscopy with the Anglo-Australian Telescope for 24,726 objects surrounding a sample of 19 Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) selected to have redshifts in the range 0.05 to 0.15 and projected linear sizes from 0.8 to 3.2 Mpc. Such radio galaxies are ideal candidates to study the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) because their radio lobes extend beyond the ISM and halos of their host galaxies, and into the tenuous IGM. We were able to measure redshifts for 9,076 galaxies. Radio imaging of each GRG, including high-sensitivity, wideband radio observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array for 12 GRGs and host optical spectra (presented in a previous paper, Malarecki et al. 2013), is used in conjunction with the surrounding galaxy redshifts to trace large-scale structure. We find that the mean galaxy number overdensity in volumes of ~700 Mpc$^3$ near the GRG host galaxies is ~70 indicating an overdense but non-virialized environment. A Fourier component analysis is used to qu...
Malarecki, J M; Saripalli, L; Staveley-Smith, L; Subrahmanyan, R
Parallel Index and Query for Large Scale Data Analysis
Modern scientific datasets present numerous data management and analysis challenges. State-of-the-art index and query technologies are critical for facilitating interactive exploration of large datasets, but numerous challenges remain in terms of designing a system for process- ing general scientific datasets. The system needs to be able to run on distributed multi-core platforms, efficiently utilize underlying I/O infrastructure, and scale to massive datasets. We present FastQuery, a novel software framework that address these challenges. FastQuery utilizes a state-of-the-art index and query technology (FastBit) and is designed to process mas- sive datasets on modern supercomputing platforms. We apply FastQuery to processing of a massive 50TB dataset generated by a large scale accelerator modeling code. We demonstrate the scalability of the tool to 11,520 cores. Motivated by the scientific need to search for inter- esting particles in this dataset, we use our framework to reduce search time from hours to tens of seconds.
Chou, Jerry; Wu, Kesheng; Ruebel, Oliver; Howison, Mark; Qiang, Ji; Prabhat,; Austin, Brian; Bethel, E. Wes; Ryne, Rob D.; Shoshani, Arie
Classical Control of Large-Scale Quantum Computers
The accelerated development of quantum technology has reached a pivotal point. Early in 2014, several results were published demonstrating that several experimental technologies are now accurate enough to satisfy the requirements of fault-tolerant, error corrected quantum computation. While there are many technological and experimental issues that still need to be solved, the ability of experimental systems to now have error rates low enough to satisfy the fault-tolerant threshold for several error correction models is a tremendous milestone. Consequently, it is now a good time for the computer science and classical engineering community to examine the {\\em classical} problems associated with compiling quantum algorithms and implementing them on future quantum hardware. In this paper, we will review the basic operational rules of a topological quantum computing architecture and outline one of the most important classical problems that need to be solved; the decoding of error correction data for a large-scale quantum computer. We will endeavour to present these problems independently from the underlying physics as much of this work can be effectively solved by non-experts in quantum information or quantum mechanics.
Simon J. Devitt
Testing Inflation with Large Scale Structure: Connecting Hopes with Reality
The statistics of primordial curvature fluctuations are our window into the period of inflation, where these fluctuations were generated. To date, the cosmic microwave background has been the dominant source of information about these perturbations. Large scale structure is however from where drastic improvements should originate. In this paper, we explain the theoretical motivations for pursuing such measurements and the challenges that lie ahead. In particular, we discuss and identify theoretical targets regarding the measurement of primordial non-Gaussianity. We argue that when quantified in terms of the local (equilateral) template amplitude $f_{\\rm NL}^{\\rm loc}$ ($f_{\\rm NL}^{\\rm eq}$), natural target levels of sensitivity are $\\Delta f_{\\rm NL}^{\\rm loc, eq.} \\simeq 1$. We highlight that such levels are within reach of future surveys by measuring 2-, 3- and 4-point statistics of the galaxy spatial distribution. This paper summarizes a workshop held at CITA (University of Toronto) on October 23-24, 2014.
Marcelo Alvarez; Tobias Baldauf; J. Richard Bond; Neal Dalal; Roland de Putter; Olivier Dor�; Daniel Green; Chris Hirata; Zhiqi Huang; Dragan Huterer; Donghui Jeong; Matthew C. Johnson; Elisabeth Krause; Marilena Loverde; Joel Meyers; P. Daniel Meerburg; Leonardo Senatore; Sarah Shandera; Eva Silverstein; An�e Slosar; Kendrick Smith; Matias Zaldarriaga; Valentin Assassi; Jonathan Braden; Amir Hajian; Takeshi Kobayashi; George Stein; Alexander van Engelen
Fractal Approach to Large-Scale Galaxy Distribution
We present a review of the history and the present state of the fractal approach to the large-scale distribution of galaxies. Angular correlation function was used as a general instrument for the structure analysis. It was realized later that a normalization condition for the reduced correlation function estimator results in distorted values for both R_{hom} and fractal dimension D. Moreover, according to a theorem on projections of fractals, galaxy angular catalogues can not be used for detecting a structure with the fractal dimension D>2. For this 3-d maps are required, and indeed modern extensive redshift-based 3-d maps have revealed the ``hidden'' fractal dimension of about 2, and have confirmed superclustering at scales even up to 500 Mpc (e.g. the Sloan Great Wall). On scales, where the fractal analysis is possible in completely embedded spheres, a power--law density field has been found. The fractal dimension D =2.2 +- 0.2 was directly obtained from 3-d maps and R_{hom} has expanded from 10 Mpc to scales approaching 100 Mpc. In concordance with the 3-d map results, modern all sky galaxy counts in the interval 10^m - 15^m give a 0.44m-law which corresponds to D=2.2 within a radius of 100h^{-1}_{100} Mpc. We emphasize that the fractal mass--radius law of galaxy clustering has become a key phenomenon in observational cosmology.
Yurij Baryshev; Pekka Teerikorpi
AIAA-2003-0694 QUANTIFICATION OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES Douglas Cairns, John of processing techniques and can be useful to wind turbine blade manufacturers to prepare processing conditions-3]. This is a consequence of the typical material architectures that are used in wind turbine blades. Figure 1
Ris-R-1526(EN) Improved design of large wind turbine
Ris�-R-1526(EN) Improved design of large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 2. Halling+ Title: Improved design of large wind turbine blades of fibre composites (Phase 2) - Summary in a wind turbine blade 7 2.1 Experimental investigations 7 2.2 Finite element models 7 2.3 Synthesis 8 2
Proposed Contribution, 15th ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Houston, Texas, Jan. 28--Feb. 2, 1996
FATIGUE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE BLADES: LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTORS FROM LIMITED DATA Clifford H. LangeAbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract Abstract This paper considers the design of wind turbine blades to resist fatigue failures. It shows newIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Introduction This paper considers the design of wind turbine blades to resist fatigue failures. In particular
Session: Poster Session + Poster Award + Scientific Award + Excellent young wind doctor award (PO.180) Track: Technical
.180) Track: Technical STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR STRENGTH OF WIND TURBINE BLADES USING TESTS (abstract Dalsgaard S�rensen, Denmark (1) (1) Ris� DTU Structural cost of wind turbine blades is dependent and fatigue strength of wind turbine blades especially considering the influence of prior knowledge and tests
Ris National Laboratory Technical University of Denmark CONDITION MONITORING OF WIND
Introduction This poster deals with condition monitoring of wind turbine blades based on a system stiffness and damping of an operating wind turbine blade and subsequently use changes in these parameters This poster deals with condition monitoring of wind turbine blades based on a system identification approach
The high-cadence, comprehensive view of the solar corona by SDO/AIA shows many events that are widely separated in space while occurring close together in time. In some cases, sets of coronal events are evidently causally related, while in many other instances indirect evidence can be found. We present case studies to highlight a variety of coupling processes involved in coronal events. We find that physical linkages between events do occur, but concur with earlier studies that these couplings appear to be crucial to understanding the initiation of major eruptive or explosive phenomena relatively infrequently. We note that the post-eruption reconfiguration timescale of the large-scale corona, estimated from the extreme-ultraviolet afterglow, is on average longer than the mean time between coronal mass ejections (CMEs), so that many CMEs originate from a corona that is still adjusting from a previous event. We argue that the coronal field is intrinsically global: current systems build up over days to months, the relaxation after eruptions continues over many hours, and evolving connections easily span much of a hemisphere. This needs to be reflected in our modeling of the connections from the solar surface into the heliosphere to properly model the solar wind, its perturbations, and the generation and propagation of solar energetic particles. However, the large-scale field cannot be constructed reliably by currently available observational resources. We assess the potential of high-quality observations from beyond Earth's perspective and advanced global modeling to understand the couplings between coronal events in the context of CMEs and solar energetic particle events.
Schrijver, Carolus J.; Title, Alan M.; DeRosa, Marc L. [Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States); Yeates, Anthony R. [Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom)
Energy Dept. Reports: U.S. Wind Energy Production and Manufacturing...
Technologies Market Report, technical and design innovation allowing for larger wind turbines with longer, lighter blades has steadily improved wind turbine performance and has...
Method and apparatus for reducing rotor blade deflections, loads, and/or peak rotational speed
A method for reducing at least one of loads, deflections of rotor blades, or peak rotational speed of a wind turbine includes storing recent historical pitch related data, wind related data, or both. The stored recent historical data is analyzed to determine at least one of whether rapid pitching is occurring or whether wind speed decreases are occurring. A minimum pitch, a pitch rate limit, or both are imposed on pitch angle controls of the rotor blades conditioned upon results of the analysis.
Moroz, Emilian Mieczyslaw; Pierce, Kirk Gee
Large-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex. Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty due to extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are scarce. To address these technical areas, small- and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine aerosol release fractions and generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. The round holes ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.46 mm. The slots ranged from (width � length) 0.3 � 5 to 2.74 � 76.2 mm. Most slots were oriented longitudinally along the pipe, but some were oriented circumferentially. In addition, a limited number of multi-hole test pieces were tested in an attempt to assess the impact of a more complex breach. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the large size of some of the WTP equipment. The purpose of this report is to present the experimental results and analyses for the aerosol measurements obtained in the large-scale test stand. The report includes a description of the simulants used and their properties, equipment and operations, data analysis methodology, and test results. The results of tests investigating the role of slurry particles in plugging of small breaches are reported in Mahoney et al. 2012a. The results of the aerosol measurements in the small-scale test stand are reported in Mahoney et al. (2012b).
Schonewill, Philip P.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Bontha, Jagannadha R.; Daniel, Richard C.; Kurath, Dean E.; Adkins, Harold E.; Billing, Justin M.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Davis, James M.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fischer, Christopher M.; Jenks, Jeromy WJ; Lukins, Craig D.; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Shutthanandan, Janani I.; Smith, Dennese M.
Cosmological Implications of the CMB Large-scale Structure
WMAP and Planck may have uncovered several anomalies in the full CMB sky that could indicate possible new physics driving the growth of density fluctuations in the early Universe. These include an unusually low power at the largest scales and an apparent alignment of the quadrupole and octopole moments. In LCDM, the quadrupole and octopole moments should be statistically independent. These low probability features may simply be due to posterior selections from many such possible effects. If this is not the case, however, their combined statistical significance would be equal to the product of their individual significances. Ignoring the biasing due to posterior selection, the missing large-angle correlations would have a probability as low as ~0.1% and the low-l multipole alignment would be unlikely at the ~4.9% level; under the least favourable conditions, their simultaneous observation in the context of the standard model could then be likely at only the ~0.005% level. In this paper, we explore the possibility that these features are indeed anomalous, and show that the corresponding probability of CMB multipole alignment in the R_h=ct Universe would then be ~7-10%, depending on the number of large-scale Sachs-Wolfe induced fluctuations. Since the low power at the largest spatial scales is reproduced in this cosmology without the need to invoke cosmic variance, the overall likelihood of observing both of these features in the CMB is > 7%, much more likely than in LCDM. The key physical ingredient responsible for this difference is the existence in the former of a maximum fluctuation size at the time of recombination, which is absent in the latter because of inflation.
Fulvio Melia
Inflationary tensor fossils in large-scale structure
Inflation models make specific predictions for a tensor-scalar-scalar three-point correlation, or bispectrum, between one gravitational-wave (tensor) mode and two density-perturbation (scalar) modes. This tensor-scalar-scalar correlation leads to a local power quadrupole, an apparent departure from statistical isotropy in our Universe, as well as characteristic four-point correlations in the current mass distribution in the Universe. So far, the predictions for these observables have been worked out only for single-clock models in which certain consistency conditions between the tensor-scalar-scalar correlation and tensor and scalar power spectra are satisfied. Here we review the requirements on inflation models for these consistency conditions to be satisfied. We then consider several examples of inflation models, such as non-attractor and solid inflation models, in which these conditions are put to the test. In solid inflation the simplest consistency conditions are already violated whilst in the non-attractor model we find that, contrary to the standard scenario, the tensor-scalar-scalar correlator probes directly relevant model-dependent information. We work out the predictions for observables in these models. For non-attractor inflation we find an apparent local quadrupolar departure from statistical isotropy in large-scale structure but that this power quadrupole decreases very rapidly at smaller scales. The consistency of the CMB quadrupole with statistical isotropy then constrains the distance scale that corresponds to the transition from the non-attractor to attractor phase of inflation to be larger than the currently observable horizon. Solid inflation predicts clustering fossils signatures in the current galaxy distribution that may be large enough to be detectable with forthcoming, and possibly even current, galaxy surveys.
Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni; Matteo Fasiello; Donghui Jeong; Marc Kamionkowski
Lateral solids dispersion coefficient in large-scale fluidized beds
The design of fuel feed ports in a large-scale fluidized bed combustor depends on the fuel characteristics and lateral solids mixing. However, the reported values of the effective lateral solids dispersion coefficient (D{sub sr}) are scattered in the broad range of 0.0001-0.1 m{sup 2}/s. With the aim of predicting D{sub sr} in wider fluidized beds which is difficult to measure directly or deduce from experimental results in lab-scale facilities, a computational method is proposed. It combines the Eulerian-Granular simulation and fictitious particle tracing technique. The value of D{sub sr} is calculated based on the movement of the tracers. The effect on D{sub sr} of bed width (W) ranging from 0.4 m up to 12.8 m at different levels of superficial gas velocity (U{sub 0}) is investigated. It is found that increasing W whilst maintaining U{sub 0}, D{sub sr} initially increases markedly, then its increase rate declines, and finally it stays around a constant value. The computed values of D{sub sr} are examined quantitatively and compared with a thorough list of the measured D{sub sr} in the literature since 1980s. Agreed with the measurements performed in the pilot-scale fluidized beds, the value of D{sub sr} in wider facilities at higher fluidizing velocities is predicted to be around the order of magnitude of 0.1 m{sup 2}/s, much higher than that in lab-scale beds. Finally, the effect of D{sub sr} on the distribution of fuel particles over the cross section in fluidized beds with the specified layout of feed ports is discussed. (author)
Liu, Daoyin; Chen, Xiaoping [School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096 (China)
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for Nuclear Physics Research
IThe National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the primary computing center for the DOE Office of Science, serving approximately 4,000 users and hosting some 550 projects that involve nearly 700 codes for a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In addition to large-scale computing resources NERSC provides critical staff support and expertise to help scientists make the most efficient use of these resources to advance the scientific mission of the Office of Science. In May 2011, NERSC, DOE�s Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) and DOE�s Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) held a workshop to characterize HPC requirements for NP research over the next three to five years. The effort is part of NERSC�s continuing involvement in anticipating future user needs and deploying necessary resources to meet these demands. The workshop revealed several key requirements, in addition to achieving its goal of characterizing NP computing. The key requirements include: 1. Larger allocations of computational resources at NERSC; 2. Visualization and analytics support; and 3. Support at NERSC for the unique needs of experimental nuclear physicists. This report expands upon these key points and adds others. The results are based upon representative samples, called �case studies,� of the needs of science teams within NP. The case studies were prepared by NP workshop participants and contain a summary of science goals, methods of solution, current and future computing requirements, and special software and support needs. Participants were also asked to describe their strategy for computing in the highly parallel, �multi-core� environment that is expected to dominate HPC architectures over the next few years. The report also includes a section with NERSC responses to the workshop findings. NERSC has many initiatives already underway that address key workshop findings and all of the action items are aligned with NERSC strategic plans.
Gerber, Richard A.; Wasserman, Harvey J.
Large-Scale Data Challenges in Future Power Grids
This paper describes technical challenges in supporting large-scale real-time data analysis for future power grid systems and discusses various design options to address these challenges. Even though the existing U.S. power grid has served the nation remarkably well over the last 120 years, big changes are in the horizon. The widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and new conducting materials will require fundamental changes in the operational concepts and principal components. The whole system becomes highly dynamic and needs constant adjustments based on real time data. Even though millions of sensors such as phase measurement units (PMUs) and smart meters are being widely deployed, a data layer that can support this amount of data in real time is needed. Unlike the data fabric in cloud services, the data layer for smart grids must address some unique challenges. This layer must be scalable to support millions of sensors and a large number of diverse applications and still provide real time guarantees. Moreover, the system needs to be highly reliable and highly secure because the power grid is a critical piece of infrastructure. No existing systems can satisfy all the requirements at the same time. We examine various design options. In particular, we explore the special characteristics of power grid data to meet both scalability and quality of service requirements. Our initial prototype can improve performance by orders of magnitude over existing general-purpose systems. The prototype was demonstrated with several use cases from PNNL�s FPGI and was shown to be able to integrate huge amount of data from a large number of sensors and a diverse set of applications.
Yin, Jian; Sharma, Poorva; Gorton, Ian; Akyol, Bora A.
This introduction to wind power technology is meant to help communities begin considering or
call both liquids and gases "fluids" i.e. things that flow). A wind turbine's blades use aerodynamic of a typical wind turbine are: - Rotor: a wind turbine's blades and the hub to which they attach form the rotor or planning wind power. It focuses on commercial and medium-scale wind turbine technology available
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
New Report Evaluates Impacts of DOE's Wind Powering America Initiative...
address current and emerging barriers that could affect large-scale growth in wind energy capacity. Another recommendation was to continue utilizing the initiative's ability to...
Building the Basic PVC Wind Turbine
Energy Smart CD- Building PVC Turbine 8 Some Blade Building Tips KidWind model wind turbines are designed for use in science classes, or as a hobby or science fair project....
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?
Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to...
NREL: Wind Research - Systems Engineering Home Page
Illustration of a wind farm with a town in the background and a crane lifting the turbine blades onto the last turbine. A complete wind energy system includes the plant's...
A first large-scale flood inundation forecasting model
At present continental to global scale flood forecasting focusses on predicting at a point discharge, with little attention to the detail and accuracy of local scale inundation predictions. Yet, inundation is actually the variable of interest and all flood impacts are inherently local in nature. This paper proposes a first large scale flood inundation ensemble forecasting model that uses best available data and modeling approaches in data scarce areas and at continental scales. The model was built for the Lower Zambezi River in southeast Africa to demonstrate current flood inundation forecasting capabilities in large data-scarce regions. The inundation model domain has a surface area of approximately 170k km2. ECMWF meteorological data were used to force the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) macro-scale hydrological model which simulated and routed daily flows to the input boundary locations of the 2-D hydrodynamic model. Efficient hydrodynamic modeling over large areas still requires model grid resolutions that are typically larger than the width of many river channels that play a key a role in flood wave propagation. We therefore employed a novel sub-grid channel scheme to describe the river network in detail whilst at the same time representing the floodplain at an appropriate and efficient scale. The modeling system was first calibrated using water levels on the main channel from the ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) laser altimeter and then applied to predict the February 2007 Mozambique floods. Model evaluation showed that simulated flood edge cells were within a distance of about 1 km (one model resolution) compared to an observed flood edge of the event. Our study highlights that physically plausible parameter values and satisfactory performance can be achieved at spatial scales ranging from tens to several hundreds of thousands of km2 and at model grid resolutions up to several km2. However, initial model test runs in forecast mode revealed that it is crucial to account for basin-wide hydrological response time when assessing lead time performances notwithstanding structural limitations in the hydrological model and possibly large inaccuracies in precipitation data.
Schumann, Guy J-P; Neal, Jeffrey C.; Voisin, Nathalie; Andreadis, Konstantinos M.; Pappenberger, Florian; Phanthuwongpakdee, Kay; Hall, Amanda C.; Bates, Paul D.
Large Scale Computing and Storage Requirements for High Energy Physics
The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the leading scientific computing facility for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, providing high-performance computing (HPC) resources to more than 3,000 researchers working on about 400 projects. NERSC provides large-scale computing resources and, crucially, the support and expertise needed for scientists to make effective use of them. In November 2009, NERSC, DOE's Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), and DOE's Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) held a workshop to characterize the HPC resources needed at NERSC to support HEP research through the next three to five years. The effort is part of NERSC's legacy of anticipating users needs and deploying resources to meet those demands. The workshop revealed several key points, in addition to achieving its goal of collecting and characterizing computing requirements. The chief findings: (1) Science teams need access to a significant increase in computational resources to meet their research goals; (2) Research teams need to be able to read, write, transfer, store online, archive, analyze, and share huge volumes of data; (3) Science teams need guidance and support to implement their codes on future architectures; and (4) Projects need predictable, rapid turnaround of their computational jobs to meet mission-critical time constraints. This report expands upon these key points and includes others. It also presents a number of case studies as representative of the research conducted within HEP. Workshop participants were asked to codify their requirements in this case study format, summarizing their science goals, methods of solution, current and three-to-five year computing requirements, and software and support needs. Participants were also asked to describe their strategy for computing in the highly parallel, multi-core environment that is expected to dominate HPC architectures over the next few years. The report includes a section that describes efforts already underway or planned at NERSC that address requirements collected at the workshop. NERSC has many initiatives in progress that address key workshop findings and are aligned with NERSC's strategic plans.
Gerber, Richard A.; Wasserman, Harvey
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine wheel having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine blade has a root portion having a pair of recessed portions thereon. The turbine wheel includes a plurality of openings in which the turbine blade is positioned. Each of the openings have a pair of grooves therein in which are positioned a pair of pins having a generally rectangular cross-section and a reaction surface thereon. A pair of cylindrical rollers interposed respective ones of the pair of reaction surfaces and the pair of recessed portions. The attachment system or turbine assembly provides an economical, reliable and effective attachment of a component having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion to a component having a greater preestablished rate of thermal expansion.
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine wheel having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine blade has a root portion having a pair of recessed portions thereon. The turbine wheel includes a plurality of openings in which the turbine blade is positioned. Each of the openings have a pair of grooves therein in which are positioned a pair of pins having a generally rectangular cross-section and a reaction surface thereon. A pair of cylindrical rollers interposed respective ones of the pair of reaction surfaces and the pair of recessed portions. The attachment system or turbine assembly provides an economical, reliable and effective attachment of a component having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion to a component having a greater preestablished rate of thermal expansion. 3 figures.
Large Scale Integrated Testing (LSIT) is being planned by Bechtel National, Inc. to address uncertainties in the full scale mixing performance of the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Testing will use simulated waste rather than actual Hanford waste. Therefore, the use of suitable simulants is critical to achieving the goals of the test program. External review boards have raised questions regarding the overall representativeness of simulants used in previous mixing tests. Accordingly, WTP requested the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to assist with development of simulants for use in LSIT. Among the first tasks assigned to SRNL was to develop a list of waste properties that matter to pulse-jet mixer (PJM) mixing of WTP tanks. This report satisfies Commitment 220.127.116.11 of the Department of Energy Implementation Plan for Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Recommendation 2010-2: physical properties important to mixing and scaling. In support of waste simulant development, the following two objectives are the focus of this report: (1) Assess physical and chemical properties important to the testing and development of mixing scaling relationships; (2) Identify the governing properties and associated ranges for LSIT to achieve the Newtonian and non-Newtonian test objectives. This includes the properties to support testing of sampling and heel management systems. The test objectives for LSIT relate to transfer and pump out of solid particles, prototypic integrated operations, sparger operation, PJM controllability, vessel level/density measurement accuracy, sampling, heel management, PJM restart, design and safety margin, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Verification and Validation (V and V) and comparison, performance testing and scaling, and high temperature operation. The slurry properties that are most important to Performance Testing and Scaling depend on the test objective and rheological classification of the slurry (i.e., Newtonian or non-Newtonian). The most important properties for testing with Newtonian slurries are the Archimedes number distribution and the particle concentration. For some test objectives, the shear strength is important. In the testing to collect data for CFD V and V and CFD comparison, the liquid density and liquid viscosity are important. In the high temperature testing, the liquid density and liquid viscosity are important. The Archimedes number distribution combines effects of particle size distribution, solid-liquid density difference, and kinematic viscosity. The most important properties for testing with non-Newtonian slurries are the slurry yield stress, the slurry consistency, and the shear strength. The solid-liquid density difference and the particle size are also important. It is also important to match multiple properties within the same simulant to achieve behavior representative of the waste. Other properties such as particle shape, concentration, surface charge, and size distribution breadth, as well as slurry cohesiveness and adhesiveness, liquid pH and ionic strength also influence the simulant properties either directly or through other physical properties such as yield stress.
Koopman, D.; Martino, C.; Poirier, M.
Offshore Wind Geoff Sharples
Offshore Wind Geoff Sharples firstname.lastname@example.com #12;Frequently Unanswered Ques?ons · Why don't "they" build more offshore wind? · Why not make the blades bigger? · How big will turbines get? #12;Offshore Resource is Good #12
Kammen, Daniel M.
Parallel I/O Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems
Parallel IO Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems | Tags: Math & Computer Science Choudhary.png An illustration of how MPI---IO file domain alignment works to...
A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion
comparison of terascale combustion simulation data. Mathe-premixed hydrogen ?ames. Combustion and Flame, [7] J. L.of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion Peer-Timo Bremer 1 ,
Bremer, Peer-Timo
Performance Engineering: Understanding and Improving the Performance of Large-Scale Codes
An API for Runtime Code Patching,� Journal of Highof the Conference on Code Generation and Optimization,Performance of Large-Scale Codes David H. Bailey 1 , Robert
innovati nWind Turbine Design Innovations Drive Industry Transformation
innovati nWind Turbine Design Innovations Drive Industry Transformation For more than 20 years. Tackling Turbine Blade Inefficiencies In 1984, NREL researchers began investigating problems with wind turbine blade designs. Inefficiency was a significant barrier to lowering the cost of wind energy
Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis on Blade Response of Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine Under Operational Condition
Tidal power as a large-scale renewable source of energy has been receiving significant attention recently because of its advantages over the wind and other renewal energy sources. The technology used to harvest energy from tidal current is called a tidal current turbine. Though some of the principles of wind turbine design are applicable to tidal current turbines, the design of latter ones need additional considerations like cavitation damage, corrosion etc. for the long-term reliability of such turbines. Depending up on the orientation of axis, tidal current turbines can be classified as vertical axis turbines or horizontal axis turbines. Existing studies on the vertical axis tidal current turbine focus more on the hydrodynamic aspects of the turbine rather than the structural aspects. This paper summarizes our recent efforts to study the integrated hydrodynamic and structural aspects of the vertical axis tidal current turbines. After reviewing existing methods in modeling tidal current turbines, we developed a hybrid approach that combines discrete vortex method -finite element method that can simulate the integrated hydrodynamic and structural response of a vertical axis turbine. This hybrid method was initially employed to analyze a typical three-blade vertical axis turbine. The power coefficient was used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance, and critical deflection was considered to evaluate the structural reliability. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted with various turbine height-to-radius ratios. The results indicate that both the power output and failure probability increase with the turbine height, suggesting a necessity for optimal design. An attempt to optimize a 3-blade vertical axis turbine design with hybrid method yielded a ratio of turbine height to radius (H/R) about 3.0 for reliable maximum power output.
Li, Ye; Karri, Naveen K.; Wang, Qi
Ris-R-Report Full Scale Test of SSP 34m blade,
nutidens og fremtidens store vinger under kombineret last" where a 34m wind turbine blade from SSP application and the solution for the load application is described in this report as well. The blade has been have been measured, and also 378 strain gauge measurements have been performed. Furthermore Acoustic
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine flange having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine flange includes a first upstanding flange and a second upstanding flange having a groove formed therebetween. The turbine flange further includes a recess. Each of the first and second upstanding flanges have a plurality of bores therein. A turbine blade has a first member and a second member positioned in one of the groove and the recess. Each of the first member and the second member have a plurality of bores therein. And, a pin is positioned in respective ones of the plurality of bores in the first and second upstanding members and the first and second members and attach the blade to the turbine flange. The pin has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being substantially equal to the rate of thermal expansion of the blade.
Frey, deceased, Gary A. (late of Poway, CA); Jimenez, Oscar D. (Escondia, CA)
A turbine blade having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion is attached to a turbine flange having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being greater than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the turbine blade. The turbine flange includes a first upstanding flange and a second upstanding flange having a groove formed between them. The turbine flange further includes a recess. Each of the first and second upstanding flanges have a plurality of bores therein. A turbine blade has a first member and a second member positioned in one of the groove and the recess. Each of the first member and the second member have a plurality of bores therein. A pin is positioned in respective ones of the plurality of bores in the first and second upstanding members and the first and second members and attach the blade to the turbine flange. The pin has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being substantially equal to the rate of thermal expansion of the blade. 4 figs.
Frey, G.A.; Jimenez, O.D.
A surface definition code for turbine blade surfaces
A numerical interpolation scheme has been developed for generating the three-dimensional geometry of wind turbine blades. The numerical scheme consists of (1) creating the frame of the blade through the input of two or more airfoils at some specific spanwise stations and then scaling and twisting them according to the prescribed distributions of chord, thickness, and twist along the span of the blade; (2) transforming the physical coordinates of the blade frame into a computational domain that complies with the interpolation requirements; and finally (3) applying the bi-tension spline interpolation method, in the computational domain, to determine the coordinates of any point on the blade surface. Detailed descriptions of the overall approach to and philosophy of the code development are given along with the operation of the code. To show the usefulness of the bi-tension spline interpolation code developed, two examples are given, namely CARTER and MICON blade surface generation. Numerical results are presented in both graphic data forms. The solutions obtained in this work show that the computer code developed can be a powerful tool for generating the surface coordinates for any three-dimensional blade.
Yang, S.L. (Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)); Oryang, D.; Ho, M.J. (Tuskegee Univ., AL (United States))
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, VOL. 2, NO. 1, JANUARY 2011 87 A Data-Driven Approach for Monitoring Blade Pitch
wind energy competitive, it is vital to reduce O&M costs of wind turbines [1]�[5]. For O&M costs years have resulted in growth of wind energy activities, ranging from the development of large-scale wind farms to wind energy cooperatives. The lack of stability in oil prices has triggered additional
Kusiak, Andrew
Large-Scale Malaria Treatment in the Private Sector: A Case Study of the Cambodian Experience
in 1993 to address child survival (safe water and diarrhea treatment), HIV/AIDS, ma- lariaLarge-Scale Malaria Treatment in the Private Sector: A Case Study of the Cambodian Experience #12;#12;Large-Scale Malaria Treatment in the Private Sector: A Case Study of the Cambodian Experience #12
Klein, Ophir
ORNL/TM-2011/455 Large Scale Duty Cycle (LSDC) Project
ORNL/TM-2011/455 Large Scale Duty Cycle (LSDC) Project: Tractive Energy Analysis Methodology and Results from Long-Haul Truck Drive Cycle Evaluations May 2011 Prepared by Tim LaClair #12;#12;ORNL/TM-2011/455 Energy and Transportation Science Division LARGE SCALE DUTY CYCLE (LSDC) PROJECT: TRACTIVE ENERGY
Autonomous and Energy-Aware Management of Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructures
Autonomous and Energy-Aware Management of Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructures Eugen Feller Advisor.e. self-organization and healing); (3) energy-awareness. However, existing open-source cloud management, and energy-aware resource management frameworks for large-scale cloud infrastructures. Particularly, a novel
LARGE-SCALE MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF MALE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) IN SHARK BAY Management Title of Thesis: Large-Scale Movement Patterns of Male Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia Report No. 524 Examining Committee: Chair: Christine Gruman Master of Resource
SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES Microdroplet-based PCR enrichment for large-scale
SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES Microdroplet-based PCR enrichment for large-scale targeted sequencing.1126/science.1181498) Genome sequencing for large-scale population-based studies requires technologies generated in this study is expected to be a useful resource for examining the molecular characteristics
Rosenberg, Noah
Harvesting Clean Energy How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable
Harvesting Clean Energy How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects Harvesting Clean Energy: How California Can Deploy Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects on Appropriate acres of impaired lands in the Westlands Water District in the Central Valley may soon have
Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage
energy and utility applications, such as pump hydro, compressed air, y-wheel and electrochemicalRoom-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage Huilin Pan attention particularly in large- scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart
Wang, Wei Hua
An Energy-Efficient Framework for Large-Scale Parallel Storage Systems
An Energy-Efficient Framework for Large-Scale Parallel Storage Systems Ziliang Zong, Matt Briggs-scale and energy-efficient parallel storage systems. To validate the efficiency of the proposed framework, a buffer that this new framework can significantly improves the energy efficiency of large-scale parallel storage systems
Qin, Xiao
Evaluating the Potential for Large-Scale Biodiesel Deployments in a Global Context
Evaluating the Potential for Large-Scale Biodiesel Deployments in a Global Context by Matthew Johnston. All rights reserved. #12;#12;Evaluating the Potential for Large-Scale Biodiesel Deployments on the subject of biodiesel, but I can only hope she takes comfort knowing now much I appreciate everything she
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
U.S. Energy Infrastructure Investment: Large-Scale Integrated Smart Grid
U.S. Energy Infrastructure Investment: Large-Scale Integrated Smart Grid Solutions with High: LargeScale Integrated Smart Grid Solutions with High Penetration of Renewable Resources, Dispersed- ing electricity grid. Much attention is being given to smart grid development in the U.S. and around
A Study of the Coverage of Large-scale Sensor Benyuan Liu
networks. I. INTRODUCTION Advances in micro-sensor and communication technologies have made it possibleA Study of the Coverage of Large-scale Sensor Networks Benyuan Liu Department of Computer Science study the coverage properties of large-scale sensor networks. Three coverage measures are defined
Liu, Benyuan
A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion Peer a new topological framework for the analysis of large scale, time-varying, turbulent combustion consumption thresh- olds for an entire time-dependent combustion simulation. By computing augmented merge
Knowles, David William
Evaluation of Segmentation Techniques for Inventory Management in Large Scale Multi-Item Inventory Systems1
1 Evaluation of Segmentation Techniques for Inventory Management in Large Scale Multi-Item Inventory Systems1 Manuel D. Rossetti2 , Ph. D., P. E. Department of Industrial Engineering University of their inventory policies in a large-scale multi-item inventory system. Conventional inventory segmentation
Rossetti, Manuel D.
Towards Automatic Incorporation of Search engines into a Large-Scale Metasearch Engine
Towards Automatic Incorporation of Search engines into a Large-Scale Metasearch Engine Zonghuan Wu. of Computer Science Univ. of Illinois at Chicago firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract A metasearch engine supports unified access to multiple component search engines. To build a very large-scale metasearch engine that can
Meng, Weiyi
Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable Demand and Renewable Energy Sources
1 Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable Demand and Renewable Energy Sources Anthony Papavasiliou. In order to accurately assess the impacts of renewable energy integration and demand response integration model for assessing the impacts of the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources
Oren, Shmuel S.
Introduction Large-scale circulation Clouds Conclusions European temperature extremes in CMIP5
Introduction Large-scale circulation Clouds Conclusions European temperature extremes in CMIP5 extremes in CMIP5 EUCLIPSE May 2012 Paris #12;Introduction Large-scale circulation Clouds Conclusions Introduction Objectives European temperature extremes: understand model biases & uncertainties under future
Ribes, Aurélien
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large-Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large-Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web James the QA-Pagelet as a fundamental data preparation technique for large-scale data analysis of the Deep Web-Pagelets from the Deep Web. Two unique features of the Thor framework are 1) the novel page clustering
Caverlee, James
QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web
1 QA-Pagelet: Data Preparation Techniques for Large Scale Data Analysis of the Deep Web James data preparation technique for large scale data analysis of the Deep Web. To support QA the Deep Web. Two unique features of the Thor framework are (1) the novel page clustering for grouping
Liu, Ling
Large-scale well aligned carbon nitride nanotube films: Low temperature growth and electron field emission
Large-scale well aligned carbon nitride nanotube films: Low temperature growth and electron field emission Dingyong Zhong, Shuang Liu, Guangyu Zhang, and E. G. Wanga) State Key Laboratory for Surface Received 2 January 2001; accepted for publication 13 March 2001 Large-scale well aligned carbon nitride
Zhang, Guangyu
Fluid blade disablement tool
A fluid blade disablement (FBD) tool that forms both a focused fluid projectile that resembles a blade, which can provide precision penetration of a barrier wall, and a broad fluid projectile that functions substantially like a hammer, which can produce general disruption of structures behind the barrier wall. Embodiments of the FBD tool comprise a container capable of holding fluid, an explosive assembly which is positioned within the container and which comprises an explosive holder and explosive, and a means for detonating. The container has a concavity on the side adjacent to the exposed surface of the explosive. The position of the concavity relative to the explosive and its construction of materials with thicknesses that facilitate inversion and/or rupture of the concavity wall enable the formation of a sharp and coherent blade of fluid advancing ahead of the detonation gases.
Jakaboski, Juan-Carlos (Albuquerque, NM); Hughs, Chance G. (Albuquerque, NM); Todd, Steven N. (Rio Rancho, NM)
blades have much practical importance, such as helicopter aerodynamics, in fans, propellers, wind turbines, food mixers, hover mowers and so on (14). Many body interactions are also important
Purvis, Richard
Interactive planar multi-blade flows with a global angle of S.P. Kirbya,
) Preprint submitted to Elsevier November 16, 2010 #12;as helicopter rotor blades, propellers and turbines. There are many other applications, for example the flow around wind turbines, in domestic fans, food mixers
Sandia National Laboratories: Wind and Water Materials and Structures...
Innovative company brings wind jobs to South Dakota | Department...
to producing wind turbine blades. | Photo courtesy of Energetx Composites. Energetx Composites: Retooling Manufacturing, Creating Michigan Jobs Idahoans Saving Green by Going Green...
Experimental study of blade thickness effects on the overall and local performances of a Controlled Vortex Designed axial-flow fan
of thick blades could lead to a good compromise between aerodynamic and acoustic performances, on a wider af- fect both their overall and acoustical performances. An example of one parameter for actuators then implies thicker blades. The rotomoulding process -- previously tested for wind turbine blades
Surpassing Expectations: State of the U.S. Wind Power Market
States, new large-scale wind turbines were installed in 18The average size of wind turbines installed in the Uniteddominant manufacturer of wind turbines supplying the U.S.
Bolinger, Mark A
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies
pdf/0554(2008).pdf European Wind Energy Association (EWEA).Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy in the European PowerPrepared by the European Wind Energy Association. http://
Mills, Andrew D.
Non-Stationary Random Process for Large-Scale Failure and Recovery of Power Distributions
A key objective of the smart grid is to improve reliability of utility services to end users. This requires strengthening resilience of distribution networks that lie at the edge of the grid. However, distribution networks are exposed to external disturbances such as hurricanes and snow storms where electricity service to customers is disrupted repeatedly. External disturbances cause large-scale power failures that are neither well-understood, nor formulated rigorously, nor studied systematically. This work studies resilience of power distribution networks to large-scale disturbances in three aspects. First, a non-stationary random process is derived to characterize an entire life cycle of large-scale failure and recovery. Second, resilience is defined based on the non-stationary random process. Close form analytical expressions are derived under specific large-scale failure scenarios. Third, the non-stationary model and the resilience metric are applied to a real life example of large-scale disruptions due t...
Wei, Yun; Galvan, Floyd; Couvillon, Stephen; Orellana, George; Momoh, James
66 APRIL | 2010 The FuTure oF Wind Turbine
66 APRIL | 2010 The FuTure oF Wind Turbine diagnosTics Wind energy is undergoing expansion in the form of large-scale wind farms, wind energy cooperatives, wind turbines owned by indi- vidual investors of wind turbines, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs remain high due to failures of wind turbine
Cooled snubber structure for turbine blades
A turbine blade assembly in a turbine engine. The turbine blade assembly includes a turbine blade and a first snubber structure. The turbine blade includes an internal cooling passage containing cooling air. The first snubber structure extends outwardly from a sidewall of the turbine blade and includes a hollow interior portion that receives cooling air from the internal cooling passage of the turbine blade.
Mayer, Clinton A; Campbell, Christian X; Whalley, Andrew; Marra, John J
Quantifying the sensitivity of wind farm performance to array layout options using large-eddy simulation
and is coupled with an actuator line model to simulate the effects of the rotating wind turbine blades. A control that is capable of resolving wind turbine blades as rotat- ing actuator lines (not fixed disks) and does not rely by the spacing between wind turbines (along and across the prevailing wind direction) and by their alignment
EFFECT OF A DAMAGE TO MODAL PARAMETERS OFA WIND TURBINE Gunner Chr. Larsen1
conditions (cf. Figure 1). The blade was positioned horizontally with the suction side pointing towardsEFFECT OF A DAMAGE TO MODAL PARAMETERS OFA WIND TURBINE BLADE Gunner Chr. Larsen1 , Peter Berring1 testing campaign on a 34m long wind turbine blade mounted on a test-rig under laboratory conditions
Extended tension leg platform design for offshore wind turbine systems
The rise of reliable wind energy application has become a primary alternative to conventional fossil fuel power plants in the United States and around the world. The feasibility of building large scale wind farms has become ...
Parker, Nicholas W. (Nicholas William)
Sandia National Laboratories: wind turbine blade materials
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administrationcontroller systems controller systems Scaled Windwhite LED
Sandia National Laboratories: wind turbine blade reliability
Wind shear climatology for large wind turbine generators
Climatological wind shear analyses relevant to the design and operation of multimegawatt wind turbines are provided. Insight is provided for relating the wind experienced by a rotating blade in a shear flow to the analysis results. A simple analysis of the wind experienced by a rotating blade for three types of wind shear profiles under steady-state conditions is presented in graphical form. Comparisons of the magnitude and frequency of the variations in 1) the wind sensed by a single blade element, 2) the sum, and 3) the difference of the winds sensed by opposite blade elements show strong sensitivity to profile shape. These three items represent forcing functions that can be related to 1) flatwise bending moment, 2) torque on the shaft, and 3) teeter angle. A computer model was constructed to simulate rotational sampling of 10-s sampled winds from a tall tower for three different types of large wind turbines. Time series produced by the model indicated that the forcing functions on a rotating blade vary according to the shear profile encountered during each revolution as opposed to a profile derived from average wind conditions, e.g., hourly average winds. An analysis scheme was developed to establish a climatology of wind shear profiles derived from 10-s sampled winds and hourly average winds measured over a one-year period at several levels on a tall tower. Because of the sensitivity of the forcing function variability to profile shape, the analyses performed and presented are in the form of joint frequency distributions of velocity differences of the the top-to-hub versus the hub-to-bottom portion of disks of rotation for the three turbine configurations.
Elliott, D.L.; Wendell, L.L.; Heflick, S.K.
Wootz Damascus steel blades
Wootz Damascus steel blades contain surface patterns produced by bands of cementite particles which are generated in situ as the blades are forged from small ingots. A process for making these blades has recently been developed which involves making ingots in a gas-fired furnace followed by forging to blade shapes. This study presents a series of additional experiments which provide strong evidence that the mechanism responsible for the formation of the aligned cementite bands is similar to the mechanism that produces banded hypoeutectoid steels. That mechanism attributes the selective formation of ferrite bands to microsegregated alloying elements. The results of this study show that the cementite bands will form in ultraclean hypereutectoid steels (P and S levels <0.003 wt. %) by the addition of small amounts of carbide-forming elements V, Cr, and Ti at a combined level of <0.02 wt. %. The results present strong evidence that the cementite bands are formed by a selective coarsening of cementite particles during the thermal cycling of the forging process. The particle coarsening is induced to occur preferentially in the interdendritic regions of the alloys by the very small additions of the carbide-forming elements.
Verhoeven, J.D.; Gibson, E.D. [Ames Lab., IA (United States)] [Ames Lab., IA (United States); Pendray, A.H. [ABS Master Bladesmith, Williston, FL (United States)] [ABS Master Bladesmith, Williston, FL (United States)
Ris-R-1065(EN) Airfoil Characteristics for Wind Turbines
as input 3D CFD computations and wind tunnel measurements on a 41-m full-scale rotor with LM 19.1 blades rotor with LM 19.1 and LM 19.0 blades, respectively. The method requires measurements or CFD for use in the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method are derived by use of systematic methods
Community small scale wind farms for New Zealand: a comparative study of Austrian development, with consideration for New Zealand's future wind energy development.
??In New Zealand, the development of wind energy is occurring predominantly at a large scale level with very little opportunity for local people to become� (more)
Thomson, Grant
Census: Location-Aware Membership Management for Large-Scale Distributed Systems
We present Census, a platform for building large-scale distributed applications. Census provides a membership service and a multicast mechanism. The membership service provides every node with a consistent view of the ...
Cowling, James Alexander
Modeling and Analysis of Large-Scale On-Chip Interconnects
in computer aided design areas. This dissertation presents new methodologies for addressing the above two important challenging issues for large scale on-chip interconnect modeling and analysis: In the past, the standard statistical circuit modeling techniques...
Feng, Zhuo
E-Print Network 3.0 - air reveals large-scale Sample Search Results
Reduce PS,1,1,0,Pa, surface... 12;LargeScale Data Analytics beyond MapReduce Text Mining in the Biosciences Cleansing ... Source: Swedish Institute of Computer Science,...
Large-Scale Identification of Single-Feature Polymorphisms in Complex Genomes
Large-Scale Identification of Single-Feature Polymorphisms in Complex Genomes Justin O. Borevitz,1 hybridization can be combined with bulk segregant analysis to quickly map mutations. The extension
Kihara, Daisuke
Programmable window : a large-scale transparent electronic display using SPD film
This research demonstrates that Suspended Particle Device (SPD) film is a viable option for the development of large-scale transparent display systems. The thesis analyzes the SPD film from an architectural display application ...
Ramos, Martin (Ramos Rizo-Patron)
No.2 LARGE SCALE PERMEABILITY TEST OF THE GRANITE' IN THEMINE AND, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST Lars Lundstrom and HakanSUMMARY REPORT Background TEST SITE Layout of test places
Lundstrom, L.
Probing the imprint of interacting dark energy on very large scales
The observed galaxy power spectrum acquires relativistic corrections from lightcone effects, and these corrections grow on very large scales. Future galaxy surveys in optical, infrared and radio bands will probe increasingly large wavelength modes and reach higher redshifts. In order to exploit the new data on large scales, an accurate analysis requires inclusion of the relativistic effects. This is especially the case for primordial non-Gaussianity and for extending tests of dark energy models to horizon scales. Here we investigate the latter, focusing on models where the dark energy interacts non-gravitationally with dark matter. Interaction in the dark sector can also lead to large-scale deviations in the power spectrum. If the relativistic effects are ignored, the imprint of interacting dark energy will be incorrectly identified and thus lead to a bias in constraints on interacting dark energy on very large scales.
Duniya, Didam; Maartens, Roy
Chemical engineers design, control and optimize large-scale chemical, physicochemical and
Large scale oceanic circulation and fluxes of freshwater, heat, nutrients and oxygen
A new, global inversion is used to estimate the large scale oceanic circulation based on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment and Java Australia Dynamic Experiment hydrographic data. A linear inverse "box" model is used ...
Ganachaud, Alexandre Similien, 1970-
A Warm-Start Approach for Large-Scale Stochastic Linear Programs
Aug 29, 2006 ... A Warm-Start Approach for Large-Scale Stochastic Linear Programs ... so that it can be seen as a structure-exploiting initial point generator.
Marco Colombo
Membraneless hydrogen bromine laminar flow battery for large-scale energy storage
Electrochemical energy storage systems have been considered for a range of potential large-scale energy storage applications. These applications vary widely, both in the order of magnitude of energy storage that is required ...
Braff, William Allan
The role of large-scale, extratropical dynamics in climate change
The climate modeling community has focused recently on improving our understanding of certain processes, such as cloud feedbacks and ocean circulation, that are deemed critical to climate-change prediction. Although attention to such processes is warranted, emphasis on these areas has diminished a general appreciation of the role played by the large-scale dynamics of the extratropical atmosphere. Lack of interest in extratropical dynamics may reflect the assumption that these dynamical processes are a non-problem as far as climate modeling is concerned, since general circulation models (GCMs) calculate motions on this scale from first principles. Nevertheless, serious shortcomings in our ability to understand and simulate large-scale dynamics exist. Partly due to a paucity of standard GCM diagnostic calculations of large-scale motions and their transports of heat, momentum, potential vorticity, and moisture, a comprehensive understanding of the role of large-scale dynamics in GCM climate simulations has not been developed. Uncertainties remain in our understanding and simulation of large-scale extratropical dynamics and their interaction with other climatic processes, such as cloud feedbacks, large-scale ocean circulation, moist convection, air-sea interaction and land-surface processes. To address some of these issues, the 17th Stanstead Seminar was convened at Bishop`s University in Lennoxville, Quebec. The purpose of the Seminar was to promote discussion of the role of large-scale extratropical dynamics in global climate change. Abstracts of the talks are included in this volume. On the basis of these talks, several key issues emerged concerning large-scale extratropical dynamics and their climatic role. Individual records are indexed separately for the database.
Shepherd, T.G. [ed.
Modelling of an integrated gas and electricity network with significant wind capacity.
??The large scale integration of wind generation capacity into an electricity network poses technical as well as economic challenges. In this research, three major challenges� (more)
Qadrdan, Meysam
Matter & Energy Wind Energy
See Also: Matter & Energy Wind Energy Energy Technology Physics Nuclear Energy Petroleum 27, 2012) -- Energy flowing from large-scale to small-scale places may be prevented from flowing, indicating that there are energy flows from large to small scale in confined space. Indeed, under a specific
Shepelyansky, Dima
Effect of Surface Roughness on Wind Turbine Performance
Wind farm operators observe production deficits as machines age. Quantifying deterioration on individual components is difficult, but one potential explanation is accumulation of blade surface roughness. Historically, wind turbine airfoils were...
Ehrmann, Robert Schaefer
Energy Report: U.S. Wind Energy Production and Manufacturing...
seventy percent of the equipment installed at U.S. wind farms last year - including wind turbines and components like towers, blades, gears, and generators - is now from domestic...
Snubber assembly for turbine blades
A snubber associated with a rotatable turbine blade in a turbine engine, the turbine blade including a pressure sidewall and a suction sidewall opposed from the pressure wall. The snubber assembly includes a first snubber structure associated with the pressure sidewall of the turbine blade, a second snubber structure associated with the suction sidewall of the turbine blade, and a support structure. The support structure extends through the blade and is rigidly coupled at a first end portion thereof to the first snubber structure and at a second end portion thereof to the second snubber structure. Centrifugal loads exerted by the first and second snubber structures caused by rotation thereof during operation of the engine are at least partially transferred to the support structure, such that centrifugal loads exerted on the pressure and suctions sidewalls of the turbine blade by the first and second snubber structures are reduced.
Marra, John J
Toward Controlled Wind Farm Output: Adjustable Power Filtering
wind energy is extracted by the turbine blades. CP depends on the tip-speed ratio, , defined as = Rh structure for a fully-rated converter interfaced wind turbine. A singular perturbations decomposition the static curve that describes the aerodynamic conversion of energy by the bladed turbine rotor
Lehn, Peter W.
Ceramic blade with tip seal
The present gas turbine engine includes a disc assembly defining a disc having a plurality of blades attached thereto. The disc has a preestablished rate of thermal expansion and the plurality of blades have a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being less than the preestablished rate of thermal expansion of the disc. A shroud assembly is attached to the gas turbine engine and is spaced from the plurality of blades a preestablished distance forming an interface there between. Positioned in the interface is a seal having a preestablished rate of thermal expansion being generally equal to the rate of thermal expansion of the plurality of blades. 4 figs.
Glezer, B.; Bhardwaj, N.K.; Jones, R.B.
A Systematic Approach to the Design of a Large Scale Detritiation System for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments
A Systematic Approach to the Design of a Large Scale Detritiation System for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments
Wind shear for large wind turbine generators at selected tall tower sites
The objective of the study described in this report is to examine the nature of wind shear profiles and their variability over the height of large horizontal-axis wind turbines and to provide information on wind shear relevant to the design and opertion of large wind turbines. Wind turbine fatigue life and power quality are related through the forcing functions on the blade to the shapes of the wind shear profiles and their fluctuations over the disk of rotation.
Elliott, D.L.
Review of structural health and cure monitoring techniques for large wind turbine P.J. Schubel*, R.J. Crossley, E.K.G. Boateng, J.R. Hutchinson
Review Review of structural health and cure monitoring techniques for large wind turbine blades P October 2012 Keywords: SHM Structural health monitoring Wind turbine blade Composite materials Acoustic monitoring is presented for the wind turbine blade industry. A comparison is presented for dielectric
This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. COMPOSITE MATERIALS FATIGUE ISSUES IN WIND
in the United States. COMPOSITE MATERIALS FATIGUE ISSUES IN WIND TURBINE BLADE CONSTRUCTION John F. Mandell requirements of stiffness, strength, and ease of processing, wind blade materials must withstand severe fatigue studies of composite laminates of interest for wind turbine blade construction. In addition to the primary
A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage
A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage Yuan Yang,a Guangyuan Zhengb and Yi Cui*ac Large-scale energy storage represents a key challenge for renewable energy develop a new lithium/ polysulfide (Li/PS) semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage
Cui, Yi
MMR: A Platform for Large-Scale Forensic Computing Vassil Roussev, Liqiang Wang, Golden G. Richard III, Lodovico Marziale
ii MMR: A Platform for Large-Scale Forensic Computing Vassil Roussev, Liqiang Wang, Golden G-SCALE FORENSIC COMPUTING Middleware Support for MapReduce Processing Abstract The timely processing of large-scale digital forensic targets demands the empoyment of large-scale distributed resources, as well
Richard III, Golden G.
Wind turbine spoiler
An aerodynamic spoiler system for a vertical axis wind turbine includes spoilers on the blades initially stored near the rotor axis to minimize drag. A solenoid latch adjacent the central support tower releases the spoilers and centrifugal force causes the spoilers to move up the turbine blades away from the rotor axis, thereby producing a braking effect and actual slowing of the associated wind turbine, if desired. The spoiler system can also be used as an infinitely variable power control by regulated movement of the spoilers on the blades over the range between the undeployed and fully deployed positions. This is done by the use of a suitable powered reel and cable located at the rotor tower to move the spoilers.
Sullivan, William N. (Albuquerque, NM)
Redesign of a wind turbine hub
The current designs of wind turbine hubs contain many faults. The slew ring bearing that connects the blade to the hub takes on a large bending moment that in many cases causes the joints to fail and the blade to break ...
Hunter-Jones, Bridget I
Wind Farm Power Maximization Based On A Cooperative Static Game Approach
Wind Farm Power Maximization Based On A Cooperative Static Game Approach Jinkyoo Parka, Soonduck efficiency of wind farms using cooperative control. The key factors in determining the power production and the loading for a wind turbine are the nacelle yaw and blade pitch angles. However, the nacelle and blade
Stanford University
Sinomatech Wind Power Blade aka Sinoma Science Technology Wind Turbine
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende New EnergyAnatoliaSciraShenhua GuohuaInformation
Wind Turbine Generator System Acoustic Noise Test Report for the Gaia Wind 11-kW Wind Turbine
This report details the acoustic noise test conducted on the Gaia-Wind 11-kW wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center. The test turbine is a two- bladed, downwind wind turbine with a rated power of 11 kW. The test turbine was tested in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission standard, IEC 61400-11 Ed 2.1 2006-11 Wind Turbine Generator Systems -- Part 11 Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques.
Huskey, A.
European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition EWEC 2003, Madrid, Spain. Forecasting of Regional Wind Generation by a Dynamic
European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition EWEC 2003, Madrid, Spain. Forecasting of Regional Wind. Abstract-Short-term wind power forecasting is recognized nowadays as a major requirement for a secure and economic integration of wind power in a power system. In the case of large-scale integration, end users
What Will the Neighbors Think? Building Large-Scale Science Projects Around the World
Public participation is an essential ingredient for turning the International Linear Collider into a reality. Wherever the proposed particle accelerator is sited in the world, its neighbors -- in any country -- will have something to say about hosting a 35-kilometer-long collider in their backyards. When it comes to building large-scale physics projects, almost every laboratory has a story to tell. Three case studies from Japan, Germany and the US will be presented to examine how community relations are handled in different parts of the world. How do particle physics laboratories interact with their local communities? How do neighbors react to building large-scale projects in each region? How can the lessons learned from past experiences help in building the next big project? These and other questions will be discussed to engage the audience in an active dialogue about how a large-scale project like the ILC can be a good neighbor.
Craig Jones, Christian Mrotzek, Nobu Toge and Doug Sarno
Wind Energy Department Annual Progress Report 2003
Wind Energy Department Annual Progress Report 2003 Edited by Birgitte D. Johansen and Ulla Riis 2003 p. 6 Projects of the Department Meteorology (MET) p. 11 Aeroelastic Design (AED) p. 30 Wind Turbines (VIM) p. 36 Wind Energy Systems (VES) p. 41 Test and Measurements (TEM) p. 53 Sparkær Blade Test
Advanced Manufacturing Initiative Improves Turbine Blade Productivity...
Advanced Manufacturing Initiative Improves Turbine Blade Productivity Advanced Manufacturing Initiative Improves Turbine Blade Productivity May 20, 2011 - 2:56pm Addthis This is an...
Theory of large-scale turbulent transport of chemically active pollutants
This paper shows that ordered Turing structures may be produced in the large-scale turbulent mixing of chemically active pollutants as a result of statistical instability of the spatially homogeneous state. Threshold values are obtained for the variance of a random non-Gaussian velocity field, beyond which this statistical instability is realized even in two-component systems with quadratically nonlinear kinetics. The possibility for the formation of large-scale spatially non-homogeneous concentration distributions of chemically active pollutants by this mechanism is examined.
Chefranov, S.G.
Observation of femtosecond laser-induced nanostructure-covered large scale waves on metals
Following femtosecond (fs) laser pulse irradiation, we produce a type of periodic surface structure with a period tens of times greater than the laser wavelength and densely covered by an iterating pattern that consists of stripes of nanostructures and microscale cellular structures. The morphology of this large scale wave pattern crucially depends on laser fluence and the number of laser pulses, but not on the laser wavelength. Our study suggests that this large scale wave is initiated by fs laser induced surface unevenness followed by periodically distributed nonuniform surface heating from fs pulse irradiation.
Hwang, Taek Yong; Guo Chunlei [Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627 (United States)
Diffuse Pionic Gamma-Ray Emission from Large Scale Structures in the FERMI Era
For more than a decade now the complete origin of the diffuse gamma-ray emission background (EGRB) has been unknown. Major components like unresolved star-forming galaxies (making SFCR gamma-ray emission are weak (above the observed EGRB) in some case, in others, some of our models can provide a good fit to the observed EGRB. More importantly, we show that these large-scale shocks could still give an important contribution to the EGRB, especially at high energies. Future detections of cluster gamma-ray emission would help place tighter constraints on our models and give us a better insight into large-scale shocks forming around them.
Aleksandra Dobardzic; Tijana Prodanovic
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics An Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Wind Loads Acting on a
of the wind turbine blades = air density I. Introduction he mechanical design of a wind turbine structure Loads Acting on a Wind Turbine Model in Atomspheric Boundary Layer Winds Wei Tian1 , Ahmet Ozbay2 An experimental study was conducted to investigate the dynamic wind loads acting on a wind turbine model sited
Hu, Hui
Study of the Reliability Enhancement of Wind Turbines Employing Direct-drive Technology.
??In traditional wind turbines employing gearboxes, the blades spin a shaft that is connected through a gearbox to the generator. The multiple wheels and bearings� (more)
Sara George, Reeba
U.S. Wind Energy Manufacturing and Supply Chain: A Competitiveness...
plant assets and focusing manpower resources in the process to eliminate lag times in infusion, molding and downstream processes. The wind turbine blade industry should continue...
wind turbine and component manufacturing facilities opened or announced in 2007 are three owned by major international turbine manufacturers: Vestas (blades
Ris-R-1465(EN) CFD Computations of
Ris�-R-1465(EN) CFD Computations of Wind Turbine Blade Loads During Standstill Operation KNOW-BLADE on parked wind turbine blades. Investigation of loads during parked conditions, was done by other authors] investigated parking loads on a 2.4 meter wind turbine blade in a wind tunnel, and the recent large scale
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 1 Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable
. In order to accurately assess the impacts of renewable energy integration and demand response integration--We present a stochastic unit commitment model for assessing the impacts of the large-scale integration to accu- rately assess the impact of demand response integration on re- Manuscript received May 15, 2012
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Joost B. Beltman a
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Europe Joost B. Beltman a , Carlijn Hendriks a , Markus Tum b , Martijn Schaap a,* a TNO, Department of Climate, Air by up to 25% and 40%. Air pollution mitigation strategies should consider land use management. a r t i
Utrecht, Universiteit
Interaction of Turbomachinery Components in Large-scale Unsteady Computations of Jet Engines
Interaction of Turbomachinery Components in Large-scale Unsteady Computations of Jet Engines Georgi on the turbomachinery compu- tation and, in particular, on the physics of interaction of different turbomachinery will be discussed for these multi-component turbomachinery simulations. The compressor and turbine of a modern
Alonso, Juan J.
Identification of Market Power in Large-Scale Electric Energy Markets Bernard C. Lesieutre
Identification of Market Power in Large-Scale Electric Energy Markets Bernard C. Lesieutre Hyung and competitive operation of centrally- dispatched electricity markets. Traditional measures for market power demand and reserve requirements, a centrally-dispatched electricity market provides a transparent
Polymeric Electro-optic Modulators: From Chromophore Design to Integration with Semiconductor Very Large Scale Integration
Polymeric Electro-optic Modulators: From Chromophore Design to Integration with Semiconductor Very Large Scale Integration Electronics and Silica Fiber Optics L. Dalton, A. Harper, A. Ren, F. Wang, G California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661 Chromophores with optimized second-order optical nonlinearity
Analysis and Management of Heterogeneous User Mobility in Large-scale Downlink Systems
Analysis and Management of Heterogeneous User Mobility in Large-scale Downlink Systems Axel M�uller�, Emil Bj�ornson�, Romain Couillet, and M�erouane Debbah� Intel Mobile Communications, Sophia Antipolis, France ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, Signal Processing Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Development and Deployment of a Large-Scale Flower Recognition Mobile App
engine and re- lies on computer vision recognition technology. The mobile phone app is available freeDevelopment and Deployment of a Large-Scale Flower Recognition Mobile App Anelia Angelova NEC Labs- eration of user generated content, especially from mobile de- vices, there is a need to develop
A Programming Model for Context-Aware Applications in Large-Scale Pervasive Systems
.g. pervasive health-care, city traffic monitoring, environmental monitoring, smart grids). These large- scale, and smart grids. These systems differ significantly from conventional context-aware systems, which focus. Examples of such trends are pervasive health-care, city traffic scheduling, environmental monitoring
Dustdar, Schahram
Domain Controlled Architecture A New Approach for Large Scale Software Integrated Automotive Systems
Domain Controlled Architecture A New Approach for Large Scale Software Integrated Automotive Scale Software Integration, LSSI, Automotive Real Time, Multi-core, Many-core, Embedded Automo- tive mobility domain. The automotive in- dustry is confronted with a rising system complexity and several
Kühnhauser, Winfried
THE PREV AIR SYSTEM, AN OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE AIR QUALITY FORECASTS OVER EUROPE Author ABSTRACT Since Summer 2003, the PREV'AIR system has been delivering through the Internet1 daily air quality forecasts over Europe. This is the visible part of a wider collaborative project
Seven League Boots: A New Metaphor for Augmented Locomotion through Moderately Large Scale Immersive Virtual Environments
Seven League Boots: A New Metaphor for Augmented Locomotion through Moderately Large Scale boots. The key characteristic of this method is that it involves determining a user's intended direction virtual hallway, participants overwhelmingly preferred the seven league boots method to the other methods
Interrante, Victoria
Realistic Large Scale ad hoc Animal Monitoring Bartosz Wietrzyk, Milena Radenkovic
Realistic Large Scale ad hoc Animal Monitoring Bartosz Wietrzyk, Milena Radenkovic School for profitability of animal production as well as welfare of animals and farmers. In this paper we define requirements for such monitoring on the basis of questionnaires distributed to potential users and processing
Aickelin, Uwe
Large-Scale Analysis of Individual and Task Differences in Search Result Page Examination Strategies
Large-Scale Analysis of Individual and Task Differences in Search Result Page Examination users examine results which are similar to those observed in small-scale studies. Our findings have differences on search result page examination strategies is important in develop- ing improved search engines
Dumais, Susan
Distinct large-scale turbulent-laminar states in transitional pipe flow
Distinct large-scale turbulent-laminar states in transitional pipe flow David Moxey1 and Dwight) When fluid flows through a channel, pipe, or duct, there are two basic forms of motion: smooth laminar numerical computations in pipes of variable lengths up to 125 diameters to investigate the nature of transi
Barkley, Dwight
China's changing landscape during the 1990s: Large-scale land transformations estimated with satellite data
China's changing landscape during the 1990s: Large-scale land transformations estimated January 2005. [1] Land-cover changes in China are being powered by demand for food for its growing increased by 2.99 million hectares and urban areas increased by 0.82 million hectares. In northern China
A Scalable Model for Energy Load Balancing in Large-scale Sensor Networks
A Scalable Model for Energy Load Balancing in Large-scale Sensor Networks Seung Jun Baek we consider how one might achieve more balanced energy burdens across the network by spreading sinks change their locations to balance the energy burdens incurred accross the network nodes [1
Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Website Policies and Important Links
Search capabilities provided by DOE/OSTI