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Talk:Leonard Bernstein
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- 1 Dates of collaboration with the Vienna Philharmonic
- 2 Ode to Joy and the Berlin Wall
- 3 Not 'chicester' but 'chichester'
- 4 POV material
- 5 Sbpat21's edit
- 6 Bernstein's homosexuality is well documented
- 7 Koussevitzky
- 8 Composer section
- 9 Radical chic
- 10 Conductors he influenced?
- 11 Infobox
- 12 Smear
- 13 Award Section Incorrect
- 14 West Side Story
- 15 50th Birthday Disaster
- 16 "Mass" all caps or not?
- 17 Split Career Section
- 18 What's up with this hidden, non-functioning "Media" section?
- 19 Composer project review
- 20 Beethoven's Symphony no. 7
- 21 "Formidable Piano Technique?"
- 22 Why is the Table of Contents not showing up on this Talk page?
- 23 Fundraiser event given unreasonable prominence
- 24 Politics
- 25 Legendary Pianist
- 26 Influence
- 27 Some changes
- 28 Twelve-tone elements: actually many (or most) of his compositions contain twelve-tone elements
- 29 crude?
- 30 Infobox
- 31 Value of Other Compositions
- 32 Lonely Town
- 33 'Listen' button = Bud-stein/Bum-stein
Dates of collaboration with the Vienna Philharmonic[edit]
Bernstein's recording of Mahler's Song of the Earth with the Vienna Philharmonic was made in 1966 so the assertion that he began conducting them in 1970 is mistaken. Maybe this refers to concerts as opposed to studio work but if such is the case then it should be made unambiguous. Does anyone have more information? --S.Camus (talk) 16:30, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
Ode to Joy and the Berlin Wall[edit]
Helga, I'm very happy you found that item about Ode to Joy and the Berlin Wall. I've always loved that tune, from when I was a little boy. --Ed Poor
Not 'chicester' but 'chichester'[edit]
Cheers, Marco Lazzeri
POV material[edit]
Comments such as these are blatant POV and cannot be included:
- As an interpreter, Bernstein was like "the little girl with the little curl": When he was good, he was untouchable - too many of his recordings to name are still considered the definitive interpretations of the works in question. When he was bad - most commonly in works he had to conduct as any world-famous conductor with a recording contract must - he could be dreadful in his interpretations, if he personally disliked the piece. This pattern showed up in many aspects of his life.
It is not the job of Wikipedia to say when Bernstein is "good" or "bad". Such judgments can only be reported if made my repected critics or other third parties. See WP:NPOV
Grover cleveland 02:58, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
I think that section has already been removed. I couldn't find it. AlbertSM 00:37, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
Sbpat21's edit[edit]
- "It is noted that Samuel Byck, would-be assassin of Richard Milhous Nixon sent several recorded audio tapes to him detailing various events and monologues."
Does anyone have a reference for this? Even if they do, I'm not sure it's that important to the article. I'll remove the sentence if not cited in the next few days. David Underdown 08:17, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
- There are about 13,000 refs you can find by googling "Leonard Bernstein" "Samuel Byck". You could also cite Assassins (musical). - Nunh-huh 09:44, 21 May 2006 (UTC)
One good reference is the 2004 film The Assassination of Richard Nixon, starring Sean Penn. AlbertSM 00:38, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
- Even referenced, this is something notable about Samuel Byck, not about Bernstein. I'm going to remove it. It might be more appropriate with some description of Bernstein's reaction to the tapes - if he just threw them out without listening, then it is completely irrelevant.
It's trivia, it's irrelevant and unencyclopedic. Also, references should be given by whoever added the info (in this case Sbpat21). Remember that any info not sourced can be challenged and removed by any editor.--Karljoos (talk) 18:00, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
Bernstein's homosexuality is well documented[edit]
Is no one going to write about his most notorious aspect? - Ahmad Azrai
- Hopefully someone who recognizes it's not "his most notorious aspect"". - Outerlimits 07:52, 21 May 2006 (UTC)
- I have inserted a brief account of his family life, with references to his homosexuality. His sexual life was "notorious" only in the sense of being a frequent subject of gossip at the time. Unfortunately, many today still consider same-sex relationships shameful (see many of Wiki's articles on other contemporary figures in Classical music, esp. the Talk Page on Vladimir Horowitz). 22.214.171.124 19:54, 28 May 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth
Accept that this musical genius was gay. What's with the removing of any and all trace of his homosexuality? As a proud gay person, I'm sad to know that there are Wikipedia users out there that are uncomfortable with the truth: that he was gay. C'mon people, his bio is part of the WikiProject GLBT Studies for a reason. It's well documented that he was gay and that it was a major part of who he was; as well as the fact that he ALSO adored his wife and kids. This is NOT disputed.
If you have a POV that being gay is somehow wrong, that's your right, but it's not your right to obscure the facts. If this fact is not left in, I will petition for editing protection. ---Kaihoku 06:37, 21 July 2007 (UTC)
His homosexuality has nothing to do with his greatness as a conductor or composer. I don't think this aspect should be overly emphasized, though, or it might make the article seem voyeuristic.AlbertSM 01:41, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
- I quite agree with this position. WP is a general-interest encyclopedia, and Bernstein is known to the public at large as a great musician, not as a great gay guy. Sure, it's a part of who he was, but it is not the reason for his celebrity. --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 14:05, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
When I was in New York, I recall hearing that Bernstein preferred young black boys, and it was getting around that that is what he was doing, and that the board of the New York Philharmonic told him he had to do something, change his behaviour - whatever - because it was going to affect the orchestra's reputation and that if the situation did not change, that they would not be able to keep him. Is there any documentation of this? Is this why Bernstein left the New York Philharmonic? This story was well-known in New York. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 09:08, 28 February 2008 (UTC)
- I believe you're confusing Bernstein with another eminent conductor based in New York, about whom this exact same story has circulated for years. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 02:11, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
I have removed the reference to Thomas Hampson being one of his rumored lovers because I thought it much too gossipy. This is an encyclopedia biography, not a page out of the National Enquirer. AlbertSM (talk) 18:58, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
Here's an interesting quote, the veracity of which I cannot vouch for: "Most people do think of me as just another pinko faggot, a bleeding heart, a do-gooder ... but that's what I am". -- JackofOz (talk) 07:13, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
- All right, maybe it is well documented but is it relevant enough to be in an article? Cheers --Karljoos (talk) 15:37, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
Well said. When I was growing up, Leonard Bernstein was the most famous conductor in the world, and nobody ever referred to his sexual orientation or seemed to care about it one way or the other. He became famous, not because of his bisexuality, but because of his incredible ability to explain music to people and for his greatness as a conductor. I may get raked over the coals for saying this, but those who want to emphasize his sexual orientation, are, IMHO, pushing their own agenda of making homosexuality more visible to the public (hey, isn't it great; even somebody as accepted and admired as Bernstein was gay!). They are not interested in exploring what makes a musician outstanding. AlbertSM (talk) 01:10, 29 May 2009 (UTC)
Well he was certainly less of a closet queen than you suggest. He would have been much more out, but he didn't want to hurt Felicia. Here's another oft-cited quote, but I can't find a reliable source: "To be a success as a Broadway composer, you must be Jewish or gay. I'm both."--126.96.36.199 (talk) 15:36, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
- @ AlbertSM: Certain things were simply not talked about, back in the good old days. Doesn't mean they didn't happen. Nobody's suggesting we make his sexuality the main thing about him. It is only one aspect of his personality, but an important one. It is certainly as important for an understanding of the man as the fact that his family spent their summers at their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts, or that his father's bookshop is standing today on the corners of Amesbury and Essex Streets. -- Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 10:29, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
Good show, Jack. I think a person's sexual orientation, particularly that of an artist, may at times provide a keen insight into what he/she stood for, what his/her works meant and the circumstances and difficulties they had to cope with. That's certainly the case with Bernstein, as it is with Robert Mapplethorpe, Sviatoslav Richter or Montgomery Clift, for example. Wikipedia is the only encyclopedia which mentions and discusses these issues, and I think it is all the better for it. By the way, I'm hetero, so I'm not pushing any agenda here. MUSIKVEREIN (talk) 13:43, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
It would also be nice to see some mention of LB's connection with Koussevitzky; I will add this if I have time and nobody else does so. Wspencer11 13:48, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
Composer section[edit]
Is Mitropoulos really that well-known as a composer? Plenty of conductors have written music but very rarely nowadays are they known as both conductors and composers; John Adams is a notable exception. I find it hard to believe that Lorin Maazel or Wilhelm Furtwängler or any of the others will be remembered for their compositions in any way. Though I didn't remove DM the first time I don't think he should have been reinstated. --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 15:22, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
Where is it??
There isn't any section about Bernstein as a composer. In the classical world, his works are held in high esteem, especially for the way they combine contemporary writing with popular music (such as twelve-tone techniques in "West Side Story"), similar to Gershwin. His symphonies and other works are still widely performed today. (Chichester Psalms, Divertimento, as well as musicals and stage works) He IS one of the rare composer-conductors who still are famous for both. Could somebody write such a paragraph? -- megA 12:39, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Radical chic[edit]
I do not believe that the external link to a site concerning the Tom Wolfe book is, in and of itself, a sufficient reference to this aspect of Mr. Bernstein's significance in the cultural history of the U.S. He was an absolute icon of "radical chic." I believe that this matter deserves a mention in the body of the article. 18.104.22.168 17:11, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
Bernstein hated identification with "radical chic". In a "60 Minutes" interview, Mike Wallace again brought up the subject of that infamous "Black Panther" party, and Bernstein showed exasperation. I'd just as soon they left it alone; it demeans him.AlbertSM 20:54, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
Lives are messy and they are what they are. The fact that Bernstein's cultural significance as the defining icon of "radical chic" might be seen as "demeaning" does not justify its exclusion here, however much he is admired for his music. In fact, it is his musical brilliance that elevates him to such a position of cultural significance that peripheral aspects of his life are of broad interest. The fact that Bernstein, himself, may have hated -- and perhaps wished to erase -- this piece of his story is no reason for honest biography to cooperate. 220.127.116.11 (talk) 17:46, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
Bernstein and the Black Panthers[edit]
ASME's Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years (October 17, 2005) lists one cover that hits Bernstein's involvement --and particularly its social significance-- right on the head (see #35). I think it should have some inclusion beyond a link at the very bottom. --Bobak (talk) 19:26, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
- The whole section is too long, and should be edited down to a couple of sentences and put in some sort of perspective. Right now it just sounds like an advertisement for Tom Wolfe and his book, in my opinion, and has little connection or relevance to the rest of the article. Softlavender (talk) 08:15, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
Although it may seem to have unfairly become characteristic of Bernstein's political influence and activism, the essay "Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's" is inexorably linked to him and should not be omitted from a thorough discussion of his life. I have reintroduced a single paragraph detailing the episode, with citations, in the "1970-79" section. The Carnegie Hall history[1] and also this from the Library of Congress[2] show two unimpeachable sources which consider it to be an important, if not necessarily happy, part of his life. The added information is historically accurate and is not meant to either promote Tom Wolfe or demean Leonard Bernstein. Sswonk (talk) 02:50, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
Conductors he influenced?[edit]
I am not sure that the latest addition to the article is really useful. He has undoubtedly influenced many conductors, great and small. Is it helpful to note only three of them at the expense of all the others? --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 02:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
Just a note to say that I have taken the musical artist's infobox away and these are no longer being used for composers. Regards. --Kleinzach 14:25, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
Wikipedia Gay Lobby has a long, detailed entry about sexual orientation. You would think that such innuendo is of major importance. Of course, it is important to those immature, juvenile, adolescent people who think that such behavior is praiseworthy in an adult. Even if Bernstein had passed through the immature phase of homosexuality, he eventually matured into a life of being husband and father to several decent children. It would be praiseworthy if those children would sue for defamation. Lestrade 16:32, 25 October 2007 (UTC)Lestrade
- You've got the chronology wrong. First he was a husband and family father, then he enventually matured to living openly gay from the 70s onward to his very end. AFAIK his children never had problems with that. But you got a point: the article should really mainly focus on LB the musician, as that is what he is remembered for. --FordPrefect42 22:01, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
- I have no problem with Bernstein's actual and verifiable sexual orientation, whether straight, bi, or gay; however for the record I remember when the tell-all unauthorized biography came out, Bernstein (or the press) said his children wouldn't let him read it because of the gay allegations, and the implication was that they were trumped-up falsehoods. That's what was reported in the press (NY Times, if I recall correctly) at that time, in any case. For what it's worth. I'm assuming that in the 2000s, whatever his real sexual orientation was can be more openly discussed, however — as long as it is verifiable. Softlavender (talk) 13:13, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
Award Section Incorrect[edit]
Actually, Bernstein did not win a Tony Award for Best Musical. West Side Story lost the Tony Award that year to The Music Man. Shame. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 05:24, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
West Side Story[edit]
Bizarre that the entry doesn't talk about West Side Story except in passing. It might not be "serious" music, but I suggest it's what Bernstein will be remembered for. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 15:54, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
Not only is the mention of West Side Story only a passing reference, there is no substantial section on Bernstein as a composer. I think he would have been horrified. He took his sabbatical from the New York Philharmonic to return to composition, and his contributions to the American symphony are substantial and varied (in the three symphonies). West Side Story and Candide are crucial to the history of musical theater, and the article doesn't even mention his substantial contribution to film scores (i.e. On the Waterfront). Further, the article should say something about the difficult of bridging these fields - as in taking the helm of the New York Philharmonic after his stint on Broadway with West Side Story. Musicsignifica (talk) 13:11, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
- Those of you who feel strongly thus should be the ones adding to the article to that effect. Softlavender (talk) 00:28, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
50th Birthday Disaster[edit]
Bernstein will certainly qualify for a special category: celebrities who experienced a horrible fiftieth birthday. To introduce this topic one might mention two predecessors:
1. Charlie Chaplin was the first modern celebrity to groom his mustache in such a way that his face resembled an automobile. This and many other factors resulted in the historic fact that at one time Chaplin was arguably the most famous man in the world. But by the time of his fiftieth birthday, April 16, 1939, another man with a face like an automobile, the famous and beloved A. Hitler, was having an even more famous 50th birthday than Chaplin's. Whether this stung Chaplin or not is an interesting speculation, but he responded with one of the most famous of his works, the feature film "The Great Dictator". (To see a car which seems to have designed with Hitler's face in mind, try driving on the Autobahn with an old fashioned VW beetle ahead of you-- two little windows for eyes, the round VW emblem for nose, and the two-line postage-stamp license plate for guess what. But I digress.)
2. Benjamin Britten conceivably had the most gruesome fiftieth birthday of all-- November 22, 1963. Maybe worth looking up any accounts of how he and his friends responded when the news began arriving-- around 1800 hours GMT? Not to ignore the fact that Britten, like his friend Dmitri D. Shostakovitch, loved Mussorgsky and Mahler and was obsessed with death. (Even in the St. Nicholas cantata boys are turned into pickles. Not to mention Peter Grimes and Death in Venice...)
In l968 Bernstein entered politics to an unprecedented degree, conducted the Adagietto in memory of Robert F. Kennedy, and supported a Presidential candidate, Eugene McCarthy. It would be interesting to know of any key quotes or accounts of Bernstein's personal reactions to events in August 1968. I have seen a fifty-page booklet which was printed up for his 50th birthday. Interestingly it shows him several times with a cigaret in hand, even in the presence of small children (I'm sure today he'd act differently; it's emblematic of the era involved). See article for ideas about his eventual fate -- emphysema.Tokerdesigner (talk) 00:19, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
"Mass" all caps or not?[edit]
Minor point, but should his Mass be listed as MASS? The Wiki article on it has it in all caps, as does the official literature on it (see External Links on that article's page). Softlavender (talk) 00:26, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
Split Career Section[edit]
The Career section is too large. Could it be split into subsections? DavidRF (talk) 18:58, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
- Yeah, it was an interminable rambly mess. It's still a rambly mess, but I put date brackets in the appropriate places to break it up a little. Someone could probably put sub-subheadings in the longer sections of it, or on events that were truly noteworthy. Softlavender (talk) 08:13, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
I removed it, since it was cloaked anyway, and doesn't work even when uncloaked. Here it is: Bernstein media. Do with it what you will. Softlavender (talk) 04:07, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
Composer project review[edit]
I've reviewed this article as part of the Composers project review of its B-class articles. The article is clearly B-class, but is weak on content related to his composing. My full comments are on the comments page; questions and comments can be left here or on my talk page. Magic♪piano 17:29, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
- Agreed completely. A main section called "Compositions" should be added under the section called "Influence as a conductor," and this should contain rudimentary information about the various genres he composed in, plus mentions or descriptions of (some of) the major works in each, as well as a little bit about his development as a composer. If the section is simply started, I'm sure it can grow to include all the elements you have noted are needed. Since I myself am not well-versed on Bernstein's compositions, I'll let someone else do the honors of starting the section. Even if it's only a paragraph or two, that's better than nothing. Thanks in advance. Softlavender (talk) 09:12, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
Beethoven's Symphony no. 7[edit]
I seem to recall that this was not only his last piece conducted, but also his first. Can anyone confirm? Whitereflection (talk) 08:32, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
It was, publicly anyways. it was mentioned in two documentaries. I'll try and order both articles and scan them. I will keep you posted. Arvindan T. (talk) 17:10, 21 February 2011 (UTC)
"Formidable Piano Technique?"[edit]
Was he actually considered to be that hot on the ivories? Had a habit of writing absolutely unplayable runs, and getting in a strop when more technically gifted pianists pointed out they were unplayable, then he would refuse to show them how it should be done(as he couldn't play them himself), and pass his lack of dexterity off as a hissy fit a la 'I am a musical genius surrounded by incompetents' mode. Any anecdotes from former orchestral players out there who recall the 'Act'?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 17:41, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
- I've posted a [citation needed], although I'd prefer the claim actually be deleted. He wasn't exactly Barenboim; never performed; and so even if it is by chance true, it's very much a "So what?" (thousands of conductors and composers can play the piano well), and does NOT belong in the lead paragraph. Softlavender (talk) 19:09, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
- Update: verified and cited. Softlavender (talk) 07:56, 13 January 2009 (UTC)
Ok, verified. Now: is it relevant? --Karljoos (talk) 18:05, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
I'm not a pianist, but I can assure you, he did perform. Do your research before you make a claim like that. For the Beethoven Bicentennial in 1970, he played and conducted Beethoven's 1st Piano Concerto in Vienna, and this performance has been released on DVD on a program entitled "Bernstein on Beethoven: A Celebration in Vienna". He also performed and conducted the "Rhapsody in Blue" for the U.S. Bicentennial.AlbertSM (talk) 18:53, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
Why is the Table of Contents not showing up on this Talk page?[edit]
There's no Table of Contents showing up on the top of this Talk page. Can someone fix this bug? Thanks. Softlavender (talk) 17:05, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
Fundraiser event given unreasonable prominence[edit]
As the last sentence in the section says, "Bernstein was reportedly exasperated by the interest in this event." This event is written as an anecdote of a single event and is given unjustified prominence with a major (inflated) head and subhead. If any facts from this single event are used, they should be inserted into a section already mentioning some related "personal life" facts. As it was, the section surrounded by his professional life's details, looked somewhat ridiculous.
- ==Sociopolitical involvement==
- ===Black Panther fundraiser===
In Tom Wolfe's book Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers, the first piece is set in Bernstein's duplex on Park Avenue in Manhattan. Bernstein assembled many of his wealthy socialite friends to meet with representatives of the controversial Black Panthers and discuss ways to help their cause.[1] The party was a typical affair for Bernstein, a longtime Democrat, who was known for hosting civil rights leaders at such parties.[2]
The Bernsteins could not be seen with their usual black butler and maid, so they hired white South Americans to serve the party.[3] Bernstein's elite friends and guests (including Oscar-nominated director Otto Preminger and television reporter Barbara Walters) are labeled the "radical chic", as Wolfe characterizes them as pursuing radical ends for social reasons, partially because organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People had become too mainstream.[4] Wolfe's criticism is implicitly of the general phenomenon of white guilt and armchair agitation becoming facets of high fashion.[5]
New York magazine featured the incident, in an issue subsequently deemed by the ASME's one of the "Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years."[6] In a 60 Minutes interview with Mike Wallace, Bernstein was reportedly exasperated by the interest in this event.
(unsigned comment above by User:Wikiwatcher1)
- I have to agree -- the whole section was silly and irrelevant and overly prominent. I'm personally glad it's gone. Softlavender (talk) 13:02, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
This article should include LB's political views. He had an extensive file in the FBI, i believe.Lerdna (talk) 23:50, 4 September 2009 (UTC)LerdnaLerdna (talk) 23:50, 4 September 2009 (UTC)
- I believe there's a new book coming out about his politics, actually. Here is some discussion by the author, although, of course, it would be better to reference the book itself. A small section about his politics might be a good idea, anyway. His interaction with the blacklist and Hoover seem worth at least some mention. --Aquillion (talk) 10:45, 17 October 2009 (UTC)
Legendary Pianist[edit]
I removed the "Legendary" attribute given towards Glenn Gould. He is a legendary Pianist in my opinion I just thought it was too subjective for Wikipedia, and secondly... rather pointless to mention. Gould is not a legend, yet anyways. Arvindan T. (talk) 17:13, 21 February 2011 (UTC)
He had a gift for rehearsing an entire Mahler symphony by acting out every phrase for the orchestra to convey the precise meaning and by emitting a vocal manifestation of the effect required.
Bernstein had a notably exuberant conducting style. He strayed far from classic conducting techniques, using his whole body to coax the best out of his orchestra, and had evident fun doing so. "Leonard Bernstein" is famously one of the only lines of the verses of R.E.M.'s single It's The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) which can easily be heard''
These lines have absolutely nothing to do with influence, nor are they sourced. 2 are simply describing a habit in his conducting style and state nothing further. The other is a pop culture reference to one lyric, I would not consider that influence but a Pop culture reference". Either way, I am removing the references. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dondoolee (talk • contribs) 07:32, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
Some changes[edit]
I've added as some people requested a section on him as a composer and tried to make the conductor section similar to this covering both his characteristic style and influence, giving perspective on his achievements while remaining neutral. I agree with the action of Dondoolee in deleting the above text about his conducting style which was too subjective, but I think it is important to include something objective about this as it was a major thing that people remember him for. I tidied up the introduction (taking into account some comments above), corrected many minor factual errors, bits of poor English and added many other key things to the Early Life, 1940s and 1950s sections. There seemed to me to be many key things missing like his meeting Copland, Mitropoulos, Blitzstein and his leading the New York City Symphony in the 40s. I have tried to bring out the importance of West Side Story more. I deleted a section called "Early Career" as it seemed redundant given that there are sections for each decade. So I moved the items from it to the relevant decade sections later on. Perhaps I haven't added enough citations which I am working on.
The remaining sections 1960s, 1970s and 80s seem to me that they could do with an overhaul as well. The 1960s section is dominated by the lengthy speech he made before the performance with Glenn Gould, which I think shouldn't be reproduced in full here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 19:21, 22 January 2011 (UTC)
Following the above, I've now edited the 1960s, 70s and 80s sections. I added some more key events and corrected some minor factual and English errors. I have added at least one paragraph indentifying a few of Bernstein key compositions in each decade. I cut the full speech about about Gould and just left parts of it to give the flavour. I think it is worth keeping a mention of the incident because it ties in with the critisism of Bernstein from Harold Schonberg.
I edited some of the lengthy descriptions of the transmission history and availability of some of Bernstein's TV programmes. I don't think this would necessarily mean much to people in different countries. I think it is probably good enough these days to just state things are on DVD without too much detail.
Some references still need to be added.
There are obviously a lot of anecdotes, events, performances, recordings and incidents that could be added. But I think at the moment there is a good mixture of different things and that to lengthen the article with too much further minute detail would be a bad thing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 01:55, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
Twelve-tone elements: actually many (or most) of his compositions contain twelve-tone elements[edit]
"His music was rooted in tonality but in some works like his Kaddish Symphony and the opera A Quiet Place he mixed in 12-tone elements."
We might add (from the top of my head) Halil, West Side Story (!) ("Cool" Fugue), Meditations for Cello and Orchestra, Songfest (The Penny-Candy Store, Music I Heard With You, What Lips My Lips have Kissed), Trouble in Tahiti (Beginning, and a six-note motif at the end that is completed in A Quiet Place with the missing six notes to form a twelve-tone-row)), Symphony No. 2 "The Age of Anxiety" (particularly "the Dirge"), Arias and Barcarolles... Actually, I wouldn't be surprised if you could find rows and related techniques in most of his compositions – I think it should at least be changed to "many", or even "most"... -- megA (talk) 12:30, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
- Probably best to find sources that state these works have them. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 13:45, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
- The only thing I have here right now are liner notes from CD recordings:
Halil: "It is a kind of night-music which, from its opening 12-tone row to its ambiguously diatonic final cadence..." (L. B., quoted in liner notes)
Divertimento: [The] "Sphinxes" [movement] consists of a five-bar ascending twelve-tone melody based on the fanfare theme"... - "Blues", (...) the B-C motiv again creating a twelve-tone melody...
Symphony No. 2: "The Dirge" (...) This section employs, in a harmonic way, a twelve-tone row out of which the main them evolves... (quoted from 1949 original BSO program notes by L. B.)
Songfest: "The Pennycandystore beyond the El": "...this is a hushed, jazzy scherzo employing strict 12-tone technique." - "Music I heard with you" "The unusual factor here is that both diatonic and 12-tone sections coexist and interlock" (Liner notes by Jack Gottlieb), all liner notes from Deutsche Grammophon recordings.
- No mention in the liner notes of 12T-techniques in "What lips my lips have kissed" and "Meditations", however, and I have no material here about "Trouble in Tahiti" and "West Side Story"... I don't know how to quantify "some", "many", or "most", and we surely don't need to list every single twelve-tone containing work, but the frequency with which L. B. uses twelve-tone rows and techniques and their distribution across his career is interesting and definitely more than the two works mentioned... -- megA (talk) 18:58, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
- Well, liner notes are fine to use to as sources. But there's no need to list every piece he used it in unless one IS listing every piece. Saying 'some' and giving a pair of examples is just fine. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 19:57, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
- I'd advocate changing it to "many". (and maybe adding a footnote with some more examples, so they won't clutter the text.) The ones I listed are just those I had access to right now. In fact, personally I've always had the impression that twelve-tone elements were not ony something he used as sporadically as it looks right now, but rather something defining and permeating his eclectic musical style. -- megA (talk) 13:48, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
- Well, liner notes are fine to use to as sources. But there's no need to list every piece he used it in unless one IS listing every piece. Saying 'some' and giving a pair of examples is just fine. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 19:57, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
- The only thing I have here right now are liner notes from CD recordings:
"Most biographies of Bernstein describe that his lifestyle became more excessive and his personal behaviour sometimes cruder after her death"
---which biographies? ---excessive? What does that mean? ---crude? That really needs explaining, or otherwise delete it. It's certainly not objective, possibly bigoted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 00:22, 17 April 2011 (UTC)
Well as an example see Burton's biography p 458 "During the fall of 1980 Bernstein gave disturbing signals that he was struggling with a compulsion to step outside the bounds of conventional good behaviour. Without Felicia to keep him in check he seemed to no longer care what he said or whom he shocked." This is followed by some examples of the various remarks he made in public which fit the word "cruder". And on p 472 quoting daughter Jamie "[by the mid 80s] he was getting much harder to be around: he was doing much more scotch and relying on his Dexedrine..........he would have a personality change... he would get vituperative and irritable and snap at people and say awful things...." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 21:32, 21 April 2011 (UTC)
This article could really use an infobox. OlYeller21Talktome 15:25, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
Value of Other Compositions[edit]
"but the tremendous success of West Side Story remained unequaled by his other compositions." I myself love West Side Story to death of course, but I personally do not think that "unequalled" is the right term here. It is simply his most commercially successful work, due to various sources other than just the classical concert hall. I would assume the more convincing way to put this is "but the success of West Side Story remains his most popular work to the widest of international audiences" Similarly with Ravel's Bolero, which is by far his most "well-known" piece yet probably the least valued, foremost by the composer himself. Opinions? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 03:07, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
Perhaps it would be simpler to just add the word "popular" before "success"? However that entire sentence could do with a rewrite - the word "prolific" suggests he wrote a vast amount of music rather than in many styles, and there are too many "ands" and "others" in list.
Lonely Town[edit]
Why does the song "Lonely Town" redirect to this page? A check for the term reveals that there is no reference to the song at all on this page. A much better redirect should be to the 'On the Town (musical)' page (which Bernstein wrote with Betty Comden and Adolph Green). There are THREE references to the song on that page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 15:37, 28 August 2012 (UTC)
There's a listen button next to Bernstein's name. The pronunciation seems to have a /d/ in the middle of 'Bernstein'. Is this right? TehGrauniad (talk) 17:30, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
- ^ "Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers". Tomwolfe.com. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
- ^ Donal Henahan (1990-10-15). "Leonard Bernstein, 72, Music's Monarch, Dies". The New York Times.
- ^ Lasch-Quinn, Elisabeth (1999). "How to Behave Sensitively: Prescriptions for Interracial Conduct from the 1960s to the 1990s". Journal of Social History 33 (2): 409. doi:10.1353/jsh.1999.0064.
- ^ Timothy Foote (1970-12-21). "Fish in the Brandy Snifter". Time.
- ^ "Cry Wolfe; The Purple Decades by Tom Wolfe.". Financial Times. 1983-04-09.
- ^ Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years – ASME (#35)
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Warren Keating has connections to Sussex and Essex
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A drug dealer is on the run after skipping bail.
Warren Keating is originally from Liverpool but has Sussex and Essex connections.
The 24-year-old was sentenced to 48 months imprisonment at Liverpool Crown Court in 2009 for affray, possession of an offensive weapon, possession with intent to supply Class A drugs, and two offences of possession of cannabis.
Keating was released on licence to a family address in Coast Road, Pevensey in June 2011, and in January this year he was subject to a recall to prison by the Probation Service for failing to comply with his release conditions but left Sussex.
He is described as white, of medium build, 5'10", with short blond hair and blue eyes, and speaks with a Merseyside accent.
Detective Sergeant Anita Turner of Sussex Police said; "There is no current reason to believe that Keating poses a direct physical to the general public, but anyone who knows where is is asked not to approach him but to contact police via 101 quoting Sussex Police reference 0356 of 3/1. You can also call independent charity Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111."
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Headlines March 02, 2005 Full Show | First Story >
Supreme Court Bars Execution of Child Offenders
In a landmark decision on the death penalty, the Supreme Court has ruled the execution of child offenders is unconstitutional because it amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. The decision throws out the death sentences of 72 juvenile murderers and bars states from seeking to execute minors for future crimes.
The United States had been one of a handful of countries in the world that still execute criminals for crimes committed before they turned 18. According to Amnesty International, half of the world's 39 known executions of child offenders since 1990 have occurred here in the United States. Other nations still execute child offenders include China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. For years, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has prohibited the execution of child offenders but the United States has not signed the global treaty.
The Supreme Court ruling came in a split 5-4 decision. The ruling was hailed by opponents of the death penalty including Diann Rust-Tierney of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. "We're pleased that the Supreme Court said that if we're going to have a death penalty, it has to be reserved for the 'worst of the worst' — the crimes that are the most serious, and the people that are most culpable, and to date, juveniles have been found not to fall into that category," said Rust-Tierney. "Everybody knows kids are different and while they should be held accountable for their crimes, the death penalty just isn't appropriate."
Judge in Saddam Hussein Trial Assassinated
In Iraq, a judge anonymously working on the trial of Saddam Hussein has been assassinated along with his son. The pair were shot dead by gunmen outside their home on Tuesday. Parwiz Muhammad Mahmoud al-Merani, is the first judge serving on the tribunal to be assassinated. Merani's son is an attorney who was also anonymously working on the tribunal.
13 Die in Baghdad Car Bombings
Meanwhile in Baghdad at least 13 people have died in a pair of suicide car bombings earlier today.
Zarqawi Claims Credit for Bombing in Hilla That Killed 125
In other news from Iraq, Jordanian militant Abu Musab al-Zarqawi has claimed credit for carrying out Monday's massive car bombing in Hilla that killed 125 people. In was the deadliest attack since the start of the Iraq invasion. The Muslim Scholars Association, an influential Sunni group, denounced the attack.
Report: Marines Set Up Private Iraqi Security Force
Meanwhile the Israeli newspaper Haaretz is reporting the U.S. Marines have set up a private Iraqi security force called the Iraqi Freedom Guard to fight the Iraqi insurgency. The U.S. is insisting the force is not a private militia though it is operated separately from the regular Iraqi military.
State Dept. Accuses Iraq of Human Rights Abuses
A new State Department report on human rights has accused U.S-backed Iraqi government of carrying out serious human rights abuses including torture, illegal detention by police and forced confessions. Overall the report criticized other nations for using methods of interrogation that were similar to ones approved by the Bush administration in Iraq and Guantanamo Bay. This includes sleep deprivation for detainees, confining prisoners in contorted positions, stripping and blindfolding them and threatening them with dogs.
GOP Rejects Formal Inquiry Into CIA Abuse Overseas
In related news, the Republican chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Pat Roberts, is opposing a request to hold a formal inquiry into detainee abuse carried out overseas by the CIA. Democratic Senator John Rockefeller of West Virginia called for an investigation that would reveal "the full facts about the detention, interrogation and rendition authority and practices" used by the government.
U.S. Blames Syria for Bombing In Israel
In news on Syria, the Bush administration for the first time blamed Syria for last week's suicide bombing in Israel that killed five. The accusation came as Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice joined with France in calling for the "immediate withdrawal" of Syrian's 15,000 troops inside Lebanon. Rice said "Syrians have a lot to answer for."
Syrian Presidents Says Troops Will Withdraw From Lebanon
Meanwhile Syria's President Bashar al-Assad told Time Magazine that his country will withdraw its troops from neighboring Lebanon in "the next few months."
Uruguay Swears in Nation's First Leftist Leader
In Uruguay, Tabare Vazquez was sworn in on Tuesday becoming the country's first ever leftist president. Vazquez heads a coalition of socialists, communists, social democrats and ex-guerrilla leaders. Speaking before the country's Congress, Vazquez said he promised changes and that he will make changes. Vazquez also vowed to help the country's poor. In one of his first moves he signed a $100 million anti-poverty program. He also restored diplomatic ties to Cuba and vowed to investigate the widespread "disappearances" of political opponents during the country's military dictatorship between 1973 and 1985. He said "May the horrors of other eras never be repeated." Vazquez was sworn in surrounded by political allies including Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, and Argentine President Nestor Kirchner. Cuban President Fidel Castro announced he could not attend because he was still recovering from a recent injury.
Afghanistan Taps Warlord Dostum To Top Army Post
In news from Afghanistan, BBC is reporting Afghan President Hamid Karzai has named controversial warlord Abdul Rashid Dostum to become the chief-of-staff to the commander of the armed forces. Dostum is a former leader of the Northern Alliance who has been repeatedly accused of carrying out human rights abuses.
Rice Calls Off Canadian Trip Due to Missile Defense Dispute
In other news Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice has postponed a planned visit to Canada. The decision comes just days after Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin announced his government would not help the U.S. in its missile defense program.
Russia Says Its Developing New Nuclear Weapons
Meanwhile Russia's Defense Minister said Tuesday that Moscow was creating a new nuclear weapon that is being designed to be able to thwart any defense system in the world. Sergei Ivanov said, "There is no defense from these missiles."
Justice Dept Investigates Halliburton For Rigging Bids
The Wall Street Journal is reporting the Justice Department is investigating whether former employees at Halliburton conspired with other companies to rig bids for large overseas construction projects beginning in the early 1980s. In addition federal investigators are trying to determine if Halliburton and other companies had broken antitrust laws. Halliburton recently revealed the investigations in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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The massacre of nine African-American worshippers at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, S.C., has sent shock waves through the nation and could well blow the roof off the Confederacy.
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LGBTQ Weddings, Pride Celebrations Follow Historic Supreme Court Ruling on Marriage Equality
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Tel: (610)687-3400
At Main Line Montessori School, we allow our children to learn through their own experiences in an exciting and educational environment.
School Overview
|School Type
|Montessori School
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|Other Montessori association(s)
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - Kindergarten
Student Body
|Total Students
|27 students
|Student Body Type
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|5 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
School Notes:
In the Montessori Classroom, children work as individuals or in small groups. Within the prepared environment, children have the freedom to choose lessons and activities according to their needs, tendencies and special interests. Through this method children acquire self-discipline, a practical independence, and a gradual increase in knowledge. The teacher, as guide and facilitator, prepares the environment to accomodate the ever-changing developmental needs of the children.
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560 Sproul Rd
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275 S Ithan Ave
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
(610)525-84000.9 mi | 693 students | Gr. PK-12
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737 S Ithan Ave
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
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Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
(610)519-1682Special Education School1.3 mi | 30 students | Gr. 6-12
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Wayne, PA 19087
(610)688-5451(Roman Catholic)1.4 mi | 398 students | Gr. K-9
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Applications are available from January 12, 2015 to March 6, 2015.
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Learn more about Kenneth Cole Reaction Men's Black Wool Peacoat Jacket Size:
Manufacturer: Kenneth Cole
Mfg Part#: KC-101-BLACK-Small
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text:
Apparatus and method provides dynamic load balancing of network bandwidth between access points in an 802.11 wireless LAN. The access point generates and monitors average bandwidth utilization of client devices connected to said access point. The average bandwidth utilization for each client device is aggregated and selected clients are forced to roam to other access points if the aggregate bandwidth is equal or exceeds a threshold.
1. A method to load balance traffic in a communications network including the acts of:
dynamically generating and maintaining, in an Access Point, a table which lists, among other things, average bandwidth used by each client device associated with said Access Point, identification for each client device, IP address assigned to each client device, signal strength for each client device, a sub-field in which aggregate bandwidth usage is recorded, and a flag which is activated if aggregate bandwidth usage at said Access Point exceeds a predetermined threshold;
monitoring in said table bandwidth usage of each of the client devices; and
forcing at least one client to disconnect from said Access Point if aggregate bandwidth usage at said Access Point exceeds the predetermined threshold.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. A device including:
a controller comprising a programmable processor, a memory operatively coupled to said processor, a program storage containing firmware with instructions allowing the processor to execute programs to support wired and wireless LANs, and an interface flow controller coupling said processor to first bus and a second bus; said memory comprising a table partitioned into a first sub-field in which identities of client devices communicating with said device are recorded, a second sub-field to record IP addresses of said client devices, a third sub-field to record signal strength information for said client devices, a fourth sub-field to record average bandwidth utilization for each of the client devices, and fifth sub-field to record aggregate bandwidth utilization;
a first adapter providing an interface to a wireless LAN; and
a second adapter providing an interface to a wired LAN;
wherein the first bus interconnects the first adapter to the controller; and
wherein the second bus interconnects the controller to the second adapter, wherein said controller executes at least one program that forces a client device to roam if the bandwidth utilization in said device exceeds a predetermined threshold.
14. The device of
15. The device of
a first FIFO operatively coupled to said RF transducer;
a second FIFO operatively coupled to said RF transducer; and
a controller operating in accordance with IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN specification operatively coupled to the TX FIFO and RX FIFO.
16. The device of
a TX FIFO operatively coupled to the physical layer;
an RX FIFO operatively couple to the physical layer; and
a Medium Access Controller (MAC) operating in accordance with a protocol specification for a wired LAN operatively coupled to the RX FIFO and TX FIFO.
17. The device of
Patent application Ser. No. 10/141,148, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and fully incorporated herein, describes an invention that ensures "fairness" by limiting access to users as is necessary under the circumstance.
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to data communications, and in particular to data communications in a Local Area Network (LAN). Specifically, the invention is directed to managing wireless access to a LAN.
2. Description of the Related Art
The need for personal wireless communications is expanding rapidly with the advances in digital communications and personal communications systems. The progress in wireless radio technology and the growth rate of the wireless telephone systems over the last several years is indicative of tremendous market demand for location independent communication via wireless access. Many of the current wireless networks architectures are primarily designed and optimized for voice communications and wide area coverage. With the proliferation of personal and portable computers, and local area networks, it is envisioned that data services and applications such as file server access, client-server execution, and electronic mail will require wireless access to the LAN environment supporting distributed computing. The use of wireless communication systems to transmit data traffic utilizing mobile devices which communicate with a hardwired network, such as a LAN or a wide area network (WAN), has become widespread. Mobile worker, connected everywhere on campus, increased productivity. Retail stores and warehouses, for example, may use wireless communications systems with mobile data terminals to track inventory and replenish stock. The transportation industry may use such systems at large outdoor storage facilities to keep an accurate account of incoming and outgoing shipments. In manufacturing facilities, such systems are useful for tracking parts, completed products and defects. Since the characteristics and profile of data traffic are very different from those of voice traffic, the wireless access protocol must efficiently accommodate the very dynamic and bursty nature of data traffic.
A typical wireless communications system includes a number of fixed access points (also known as base stations) interconnected by a cable medium often referred to as a system backbone.
Associated with each access point is a geographic cell. The cell is a geographic area in which an access point has sufficient signal strength to transmit data and receive data from a mobile device such as a data terminal or telephone with an acceptable error rate. Typically, access points will be positioned along the backbones such that the combined cell area coverage from each access point provides full coverage of a building or site. In the case of WLAN, frequently there is significant overlaps in cells to increase data capacity. So a user typically has access to several different access point in any given location. The reason for this is that the capacity of the network is a function on number of access points. For 802.11 b, an access point provides 11 Mbps, which is shared by number of users.
Mobile devices such as telephones, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDA's), data terminals etc. are designed to be carried throughout the system from cell to cell. Each mobile device is capable of communicating with the system backbone via wireless communication between the mobile device and an access point to which the mobile device is registered. As the mobile device roams from one cell to another, the mobile device will typically deregister with the access point of the previous cell and register with the access point associated with the new cell.
Recently a standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) known as the IEEE 802.11 standard has been adopted and has gained acceptance among the industrial, scientific and medical communities. The IEEE 802.11 standard for WLANs is a standard for systems that operate in the 2,400–2,483.5 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The ISM band is available worldwide and allows unlicenced operation of spread spectrum systems. The IEEE 802.11 RF transmissions use multiple signaling schemes (modulations) at different data rates to deliver a single data packet between wireless systems. The latest IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN uses a band of frequencies near 2.4 Ghz for direct sequence spread spectrum transmissions. Another recently adopted short-range standard has evolved known as the Bluetooth standard (see www.bluetooth.com). The Bluetooth standard is a low-cost short range wireless connection which uses much of the same range of frequencies for its frequency-hopping spread spectrum transmissions as the IEEE 802.11 standard. In some applications, it is appropriate to use systems employing IEEE 802.11 concurrently with other systems using the Bluetooth standard.
In IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN technology, there is a shared transmission medium between the access point and client devices. Since an access point can only be receiving data from one client at a time, a given client can monopolize that channel, effectively reducing throughput available to other clients. So, for example, clients that request bandwidth often, may be granted a disproportionate amount of bandwidth. Accordingly, there is a strong need in the art for a system and method that prevents a single client on the wireless LAN from monopolizing the network bandwidth.
A client device will register with the most convenient Access Point available even though the Access Point may be crowded and there may be equally available uncrowded Access Points to which the client device could easily attach. This in part is due to the fact that the client device registers with an Access Point based upon the Access Point position in the list of Access Points usually preloaded in the client device or signal quality or both. It is desired to have client devices attach to the Access Point that is most likely to afford the best quality of service to attached client devices. This is most likely to happen when client devices are evenly distributed among available Access Points rather than having too many attach to one Access Point and too few to an equally available Access Point. As a consequence there is a need to provide a load balancing mechanism in the Access Point.
In the case of Wireless LAN (WLAN) to which this invention relates there is significant overlap in cells to increase data capacity. Stated another way, the capacity of a WLAN may be viewed as a function of the number of Access Points available to client. As a consequence a user typically has access to several different Access Points in any given location.
This characteristic of WLANs is used by an Access Point that is congested to transfer servicing of clients to other Access Points equally accessible to the clients. In other words the client is forced to attach to an Access Point different from the one selected by the client pursuant to 802.11 protocols for WLAN. The transfer of clients from one Access Point to another is termed "Forced Roaming".
In particular, connection between a client and Access Point is established in accordance with 802.11 protocols for WLAN. Once connected (either by selecting an Access Point from a table of available Access Points, preference, or strongest quality signal) the Access Point determines if the bandwidth of a client is less than the max bandwidth. The access point starts negotiating, via an algorithm, with other access points to redistribute the client load. This is done by providing a list of MAC address for each client, signal quality, and available bandwidth. If another AP can improve quality of service, the connection is transferred to an alternate access point; the transfer is referred to as forced roaming. This algorithm will be triggered anytime the bandwidth drops below the maximum. The algorithm will also try a reconnect at predetermined time intervals if the bandwidth is still below the maximum. By forcing a client to roam the Access Point ensures there is available bandwidth to service the clients. This is significantly different than typical roaming, which Access Point initiates a switch based on changes in signal quality instead of bandwidth.
Forced roaming increases the efficiency of the WLAN network by dynamically executing load balancing. The dynamic load balancing increases the effective bandwidth of the network in a given geographic area without requiring change to higher bandwidth protocols which are more expensive. The benefit to the user is better network performance with improves productivity.
The invention as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects and advantages thereof will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Still referring to
The LAN adapter 212 provides the LAN interface to ethernet LAN 118. Wired LAN adapter 212 includes Controller 214, TX FIFO 220, RX FIFO 216 and Physical Layer 218. Controller 214 provides MAC (medium access control) function to the LAN adapter. Controller 214 is connected to TX FIFO 220 and RX FIFO 216. The TX FIFO 220 holds data to be transmitted onto the ethernet LAN whereas the RX FIFO 216 receives data from ethernet LAN 118. TX FIFO 220 and RX FIFO 216 are connected to Physical Layer 218. The Physical Layer 218 provides physical function to the adapter which includes conversion of digital to analog signals compliant with ethernet specification provides physical connection to network 118, etc.
Still referring to
Still referring to
Having described the physical structure of the Access Point and the client device, the programs that are executed in each one to allow forced roaming will now be described.
The device driver on the client device is modified such that it reports signal strength to the access point that it's associated with. The device driver reads the signal strength information from wireless LAN interface subsystems and then provides that information to the access points in a control packet. The format of the control packet is a datagram which is a broadcast to access points and contains client device IP address, packet type identification, and signal strength. The device driver sends this information periodically to access point—which set to range from 1–60 minutes. Although not shown in
The program then descends into block 606 whereat the access point stores a calculated average bandwidth for each client device that is listed in the table. The access point determines the average bandwidth by determining number of bytes of information sent and received over an interval of time. Specifically, the access point runs a background program where it dynamically determines this information for each client. The average bandwidth is stored in Table 500 at location 508. The program then descends into 608 whereat the access point determines aggregate bandwidth, consumed in the access point by summing the average bandwidth for each client which is also stored in Table 500 at location 512. The program then descends into 610 whereat the aggregate bandwidth is compared against a threshold value. If the aggregate bandwidth is equal or above the threshold the program enters block 612 where it sets the redistribution flag at location 510 in Table 500. If in 610 the total bandwidth is less than the threshold the program loops back to 602. It should be noted that the threshold value used in 610 is determined by a network administrator and should be set to allow for extra capacity on the network to handle burst in client's activity.
From 704 the program descends into 706 whereat a Request to Redistribute message is sent to adjacent access points. The message contains, among other things, the contents of Table 500 for the identified clients or client. The program then descends into 708 where it waits for a response. The program then descends into 710 where it checks the response. If the response is positive the program exits along the Y path into block 712 whereat the access point sends the client network assigned access point information including MAC address for the new access point. The information is stored in the Forced Roam Table 331 (
After determining which clients the Access Point can accept a response message listing the name of the client that the Access Point can accept 812 is sent to the requesting Access Point.
If force roaming is not activated the program loops. If force roaming is activated the program exits along the Yes path into 904 whereat the client device first scans to determine the available access points in range. It then compares the available access points to the specific access point assigned in network 906.
If the access point is not available the program loops. If the access point is available the program exits 908 along the Yes path into 910 whereat the client establishes a link with the access point to which it is forced.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art would readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teaching and advanced use of this invention. Accordingly, all modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims.
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This is a plate full of love, comfort and goodness. —Debbie Fabre, Ft Myers, FloridaView Stuffing & Turkey Casserole Recipe


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Alief Apartments for Rent
Search Apartments in Alief
With MyNewPlace, I found an apartment within walking distance to my office. Now I don't have to bother with the horrors of commuting. - Houston,TX
Popular Rentals in the Alief area
Lakeland Estates/Brand Lane
Stafford, Texas, 77477
1 Bedroom$1,043 - $1,690
2 Bedrooms$1,339 - $1,686
3 Bedrooms$1,549 - $2,290
Houston, Texas, 77099
1 Bedroom$830 - $1,315
2 Bedrooms$1,140 - $1,860
3 Bedrooms$1,400 - $1,855
Aberdeen Apartments
Houston, Texas, 77042
1 Bedroom$630 - $1,055
2 Bedrooms$835 - $1,225
3 Bedrooms$1,030 - $1,190
Brisa At Shadowlake
Houston, Texas, 77082
1 Bedroom$960 - $1,410
2 Bedrooms$1,170 - $1,645
3 Bedrooms$1,550 - $2,035
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Apartment Living in Alief
Finding an apartment in AliefTry Houston's Alief neighborhood for several of the city's prettiest apartment rentals, regardless of whether you want a beautiful entryway or a laundry room. The MyNewPlace apartment search can help you find the perfect apartment rental that meets your budget constraints. Our apartment blog can also help you learn more about the in's and out's of apartment living. Alief is a beautiful neighborhood in which to find your new Houston apartment. Want to learn more before deciding if Alief is the neighborhood for you? Get started now. Want to start searching right away? Check out floor plans, photos, maps and videos on MyNewPlace! Best of luck in your search!
Want the inside scoop on Alief? Check out our Alief Local Talk for local tips and information about Alief. You can also get answers to your Alief questions from our local experts by using the "Ask a Question" feature.
Neighborhoods Near Alief
There are many great communities and cities nearby Alief to also consider:
- Fondren Gardens Apartments
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Cities Near Houston, TX
There are many great communities and cities nearby Houston, TX to also consider:
- Baytown Apartments
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Zip Codes Near Alief
There are many great communities and cities nearby Alief to also consider:
Featured Apartment Rentals Near Alief.
- Woodtrail 9900 Richmond Avenue Houston, TX 77042 Phone Number: (855) 534-1849
- Park Village 14100 Rio Bonito Rd Houston, TX 77083 Phone Number: (281) 853-9126
- SunBlossom at Woodlake 2200 South Gessner Houston, TX 77063 Phone Number: (832) 460-1657
- SunBlossom Gardens 5900 Ranchester Houston, TX 77036 Phone Number: (713) 999-4039
- Walden of Westchase 2828 Rogerdale Rd Houston, TX 77042 Phone Number: (832) 460-1330
- SunBlossom Cottages 10300 Harwin Dr Houston, TX 77036 Phone Number: (713) 999-4132
- SunBlossom Woods Apartments 4545 Cook Road Houston, TX 77072 Phone Number: (832) 532-9897
- SunBlossom Mountain 5909 Ranchester Dr Houston, TX 77036 Phone Number: (832) 769-4884
- SunBlossom Louisville 9201 Clarewood Dr Houston, TX 77036 Phone Number: (713) 999-4133
- Williamstown Apartments 9200 Bissonnet St Houston, TX 77074 Phone Number: (713) 774-8875
Universities Near Alief
- Court Reporting Institute of Houston Off Campus Apartments
- Houston Baptist University Off Campus Apartments
- Lone Star College North Harris Off Campus Apartments
- The Art Institute of Houston Off Campus Apartments
- The Art Institute of Houston- North Off Campus Apartments
- University of Houston Off Campus Apartments
- University of Houston - Clear Lake Off Campus Apartments
- University of Houston - Victoria Off Campus Apartments
- University of Houston System Off Campus Apartments
- University of St. Thomas (Texas) Off Campus Apartments
Map & Local Information
Local Talk
Get answers about Alief from local experts or tell us what you love about it.
How busy is Alief at nighttime?
Alief is fairly busy at nighttime. Alief has many great, inexpensive ethnic restaurants that bring people in from all over Houston. There is also a good nightlife scene in Alief, heavy on karaoke and billiards.
What's the best bar near Alief?
The best bar around Alief is up by the Westpark Tollway. Big John's is a sports bar where the drinks are cheap but the service is super. You get a real mixture here of all sorts of sports fans. It's really a fun place.
apartments near Hobbi Airport, low crime areas
There are a few low crime neighborhoods near Hobby Airport, including Friendswood, La Porte Missouri City, League City and Sugar Land. Friendswood is the closest to Houston's Hobby Airport.
I am looking for short term, apartment as I am a pt at MD Anderson. Thanks
Simply click on the Search by Amenities button and select the "short term lease" in the expanded box. There are 135 apartments in Houston that offer short term apartments.


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Please refer to the Details at the foot of the page for size and measurement information.
Tell your story with a customized locket necklace by Live Laugh Love. This box chain necklace features a 1 in. treasure locket with magnetic closure and display window to showcase your favorite locket charms.
Web Id: P000307012


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Our home is located on Lieutenant Island. Once your vehicle has crossed the bridge the waves of your vacation begin.
Visit historic lighthouses, enjoy a day or evening walk through the Wellfleet Bay Audobon Sanctuary, or sip a cup of coffee on the very large and private deck overlooking Cape Cod bay. Pack up the car for a day of surfing, beaching, swimming, & boogie boarding. Choose an ocean beach by day and a later afternoon swim at one of the ponds as the sun starts to set. Enjoy a short drive to Chatham for a day downtown or seal and whale watching. Provincetown is a short drive to the north and a 'must do' during your stay. A day in downtown Wellfleet will bring you into the second greatest population of art galleries on the Cape as well as shops, restaurants and markets. Be sure to set aside a great night to take in the Wellfleet Drive-In Movie experience.


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Man pulled over for illegal U-turn ends up arrested for exposing himself in Martin
STUART - A 47-year-old man was charged with exposure of sexual organs after he was pulled over for making an illegal U-turn Tuesday, according to a Martin County Sheriff's Office report.
Michael Stone was at U.S. 1 and Southeast Indian Street when he was pulled over by a deputy about 1 a.m.
The deputy said in his report that as he walked up to the car, he noticed Stone was trying to put a shirt on. He also noticed he had no pants on and was "exposed to the general public." Stone attempted to cover himself by putting his pants in his lap, according to the report.
He told the deputy that he had been swimming and was changing into dry clothes, but no wet clothes were found in the car, according to the report.
Stone told the deputy that he spends a lot of time alone and did nothing wrong, and that he did not hurt anyone, according to the report.
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All Answers (10)
- Dr Jay Redan has taken on many hernia repair pain syndrome patients. He is located in Celebration Florida.
- Thank you, I cant believe it either. Every Dr that he has seen in Reno NV. has said that nothing goes wrong with these surgery's. He has been to UCSF med center and everyone knows whats wrong.But we are having so much trouble with workers comp to get him back to see a surgeon there . We will see if we can contact Dr. Jay Redan. Thank you G. Fitzgerald.
- Dr. Jay Redan is the only physician I've found that is brave enough to tackle these tough hernia cases. Many times stitches do not hold. The mesh that is used fails as well. Oftentimes this is impossible to detect via testing and can only be seen under laporoscopic surgery. Dr. Redan looks at each case independently, and can repair or replace mesh with a more patient friendly bioabsorbed mesh. I believe he had a couple of longterm studies regarding this topic. Don't give up. Best of luck to your patient/friend.
- I have not been able to see the entire initial entry, but it sounds like you had an inguinal hernia repaired, and now some years later have pain and possibly a recurrence ?
With inguinal hernias there is usually a congenital weakness allowing intra-abdominal contents to bulge through. If someone is overweight or smokes then the risks of a repair failing are higher. With hernia recurrence - optimise your general health first, then think about further 'procedures'.
When a hernia repair is done cutaneous nerves are injured ( any cut in the skin damages small nerves). Even if there is no recurrence of the hernia - these damaged nerves can lead to pain - this is usually managed by someone with an interest in 'pain management' and does not necessarily need any additional procedure. With best wishes.
- It is very interesting to know the hernia repair procedure adopted and how long time from operation started pain.
- The Lichtenstein repair was done 6 years ago the 52 year old male is in chronic pain after only 1 month out of surgery. All mentions of this were ignored by both the surgeon and pain management Dr's in Reno NV. We are finally getting help outside of the region and going to the Lichtenstein Amid Institute in southern California at UCLA. A triple neurectomy of the Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves look to be promising. Please if anyone is preforming this Operation in the future please be very aware of these nerves, as it can become a very debilitating problem. There are many reports on the subject matter on line.
- How is his abdomen? Does he have an 'inflated' belly? Some people put pressure on their abominal wall in order to get some control over their trunk. This pressure may load the inguinal region leading to pain. In this case relearning correct use of abdominal pressure may give some relief.
- His pain could be neurogenic from entrapment .A course of lyrica(Pregabelin) is worth trying to relieve his pain.
- Hello,
You may want to considered some manual therapy techniques to work on breaking up the scar tissue and then balancing the pelvis. This may assist in preventing any "matting" down of tissue which may eventually lead to a neurological entrapment.
- Hi Kristy . To late,nerve Entrapment already there. Mr Fitzgerald is going to UCLA for a triple neurectomy of the Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves. This seems as the best treatment for him as he has had this issue for almost 6 years. He has had numerous alternative treatments with no success. Thank you so much for your response.
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- Answers 10


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Chelsea Clinton's Summer Wedding Will Be Gore-Free
The news broke on Thursday that former First Daughter Chelsea Clinton will tie the knot with fiance Marc Mezvinsky in upstate New York on July 31. The guest list will likely be massive and include dignitaries and celebrities, but you can count two ol' friends out: Al and Tipper Gore.
"The Gores are not attending the wedding," family spokeswoman Kalee Kreider told the New York Daily News. "They both wish Chelsea well, believe she is a wonderful young woman, and they share in the family's excitement."
As the Gores recently split up after 40 years of marriage, their absence isn't a huge surprise. And with the former vice president now dealing with allegations he sexually assaulted a massage therapist in Oregon, staying away from the Clinton wedding only seems like the prudent thing to do.
But were they even invited? Kreider declined to divulge that information to the News, but in an interview with The Daily Beast back in December, Gore said he had just told his old boss, Bill Clinton, that he was "looking forward to Chelsea's wedding."
The AP reported on Thursday that Clinton and Mezvinsky, an investment banker, will wed at a private mansion just outside Rhinebeck, NY, about two hours north of New York City.
PopScene: Weeks Hottest Pics
- Filed under:
- Famous Couples -
- Politics -
- Highbrow
- Friday 02 JulyBy JockoHigh Rank Vote downVote upReport this
How sad. I won't be attending either. I think the "Nathan's Hotdog Eating Contest" falls on the same day? I never miss watching that. Will John Edwards, his new love, and baby be attending?
- Friday 02 JulyBy CutieHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
I wish Chelsea well having been the only child in a home with two high level politicians and security around all her life.
- Friday 02 JulyBy SeaJay
What a farce. Is she a freaking princess or something? Who cares about this buck tooth spoiled spotlight hogger. I don't feel sorry for her being from a home with two "high level politicians and security". She loved it and got very rich from it. And as for Al Gore, he's as much of a pervert as Bill Clinton is. What a pair to draw to.
- Monday 05 JulyBy Ellie
How sad you must be. She is a creature of God's and he doesn't make mistakes. Chelsea has been through Hell and highwater all her teen and young adult life because of narrow minded people. One does not have to be beautiful (and she is not) to have a good heart and help others. Next time you post a response please remember what my third grade teacher taught us NON... that means Nice or Nothing. We can do without your sad statements. For me I with Miss Clinton and her husband to be only the best. Good luck to them.
Jennifer Aniston
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Paris Hilton
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geophysical services Companies in Greece
Hager GeoScience, Inc.
based in Woburn, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
Hager GeoScience, Inc. (HGI) is a small woman-owned business (certified D/WBE in all six New England States, Delaware, and Pennsylvania) that since 1993 has been providing exceptional consulting services in geology and geophysics to metro Boston, New England, the United States, and Internationally. The company provides innovative solutions to unusual subsurface problems ...
EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. - a Tetra Tech Company
based in Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
EBA is a values-based consulting and engineering and sciences company. Our vision is to be a world-class team in everything we do, delivering innovative solutions anywhere in the world. EBA, A Tetra Tech Company (EBA), has progressively expanded since its inception in 1966 and, today, clients are served by more than 650 engineers, scientists, technologists, and support ...
GF Instruments, s.r.o.
based in Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC
GF Instruments is a private owned geophysical company settled in The Czech Republic (EU). Development, manufacturing, sale and rental of measuring instruments for geophysical, geological, environmental and laboratory use including gamma-ray spectrometers and dose rate meters, DC resistivity systems, electromagnetic conductivity meters, magnetic susceptibility meters, ...
BHF Environmental Ltd
based in Southsea, UNITED KINGDOM
BHF environmental was formed in 1994. With offices in Bratislava (Slovakia) and Portsmouth (United Kingdom) the company provides services worldwide. The company has mostly specialised in applied geophysics and geographical information systems.
Earth Measurement Corp.
based in Cypress, TEXAS (USA)
EMC is a near-surface geophysical survey firm that specializes in subsurface investigations and utility clearances. We are professionals in imaging the top 100 feet of the earth to delineate either naturally occurring or manmade anomalies. We utilize Ground Penetrating Radar/Electromagnetics/Magnetics/Conductivity/High Resolution Seismic/Downhole Geophysics.
Geofizyka Toruń S.A.
based in Toruń, POLAND
Geofizyka Toruń (GT) provides an extensive range of geophysical services to the worldwide oil and gas exploration industry in a manner that promotes safety and protects the health and well being of individuals and environment. The services are focused on the prospecting of conventional oil and gas, shale gas, geothermal deposits, and underground storages. The Company ...
Geophex, Ltd.
based in Raleigh, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
Geophex, Ltd. is a geophysical research and instrumentation company. Geophex develops, manufactures, and sells geophysical instruments. Geophex also conducts special and customized geophysical investigations including airborne magnetic and electromagnetic surveys.
Rosengarten, Smith & Associates, Inc. (RSA)
based in Austin, TEXAS (USA)
RSA`s philosophy is to provide quality work in an efficient manner. RSA has maintained a rate structure that is among the lowest in our industry for experienced personnel with both technical and business expertise. RSA is dedicated to providing cost-effective service to clients by avoiding unnecessary costs while minimizing long-term liabilities. RSA emphasizes prudent ...
Subsurface Geotechnical
based in Worcester, UNITED KINGDOM
Subsurface Geotechnical are a leading firm of independent geophysical consultants based in the heart of the historic city of Worcester. Our geophysical surveys are carried out using a variety of geophysics methods for practical applications in site investigation, geoenvironmental surveys, electrical earthing and non-destructive testing. Established in 1985, our company ...
based in Krakow, POLAND
GeoSpectrum provides services in engineering geophysics, geology & geotechnics. The company offers following geophysical surveys: GPR georadar method , shallow seismic engineering (refraction, active MASW 1D/2D, passive MAM/ReMi 1D, refraction tomography, uphole , downhole, cross-hole), electromagnetic induction, resistivity (SGE geoelectric soundings, profiling, ...


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Why you might be about to see a lot more round glasses in pubs
A study published in PLoS ONE has found that people tend to drink 60% faster when they are drinking out of a round glass than when they drink out of a glass with straight edges. Participants also misjudged the halfway point of curved glasses to be lower than on straight glasses. This is something that hasn't been researched before but that the drinks industry seems to have known for quite some time. Interestingly, the effect was only present in the alcohol condition (and not in the soft drink condition).
Somewhat amusingly, the researchers conclude:
"Glass shape appears to influence the rate of drinking of alcoholic beverages. This may represent a modifiable target for public health interventions."
I'm fairly sure it will be the drink industry and not public health that will benefit from these findings, but we shall have to wait and see.
Attwood AS, Scott-Samuel NE, Stothart G, & Munafò MR (2012). Glass shape influences consumption rate for alcoholic beverages. PloS one, 7 (8) PMID: 22912776
via Owen Phillips
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the sensible alternative path would be to straight glasses as a licensing condition
In what way are the glasses the subject drinkng out of 'round'? This article implies that the glass shape used was wine glass shaped (like the evolved stella glass pictured), when in fact it studied a very different shape – a glass that flares out towards the top – like a peroni glass.
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Grounds open at 6:00 p.m.
Concert at 8:30 p.m.
Salute to America
Michelle Merrill, conductor
The United States Army Field Band Concert Band and Soldiers' Chorus
Ft. The Rolling Stones touring members
Bernard Fowler, vocals
Darryl Jones, bass
Tim Ries, saxophone and piano
The Rolling Stones touring members take center stag…
Celebrate summer with a magical evening of music on the lakeside lawn of the enchanting estate featuring your Detroit Symphony Orchestra.
Grounds open at 6:00 p.m.
Michelle Merrill, conductor
The DSO takes you to a galaxy far, far away with a special performance of The Music of Star Wars at Meadow Brook Music Festival!
From St…
A string quartet from the Detroit Symphony Youth Orchestra will perform "Purple Haze" by Jimi Hendrix in Orchestra Hall on behalf of the Don Was Detroit All-Star Revue at Concert of Colors.
Andrés Cárdenes, conductor and violin
ROSSINI Overture to La scala di seta
VIVALDI Violin Concertos from La Stravaganza
MOZART Symphony No. 41
First United Methodist Church, 1589 W. Maple Rd, Birmingham MI
General Admission $20, Preferred Seating: $50. Tickets are available in advance at avantisummermusicfest.org or may be purchased at the door or reserved by calling 313-530-5118.
JOHN WILLIAMS Air and Simple Gifts
PIAZZOLA Oblivion
BARBER Summer Music
DOHNANYI Sextet in C Major


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Gunmetal Black Ep 01
episode 14.24 / 5.00 4,681 Views
Lucina's First Day
A look at the first day of Lucina in Super Smash4.24 / 5.00 14,910 Views
BATMAN v SUPERMAN final showdown
SPOILERS!!4.17 / 5.00 13,731 Views
kind of strange, but oddly entertaining
I thought it was very interesting. It was sorta creative with the fact that enderman turn you into creepers. Moral of the story? Black is the new green. 5 STARS!
good but if i were u i would of lil more details
The story is great: Pathen did a great job on that
The animation is great: I really enjoyed the way camera and props intersect.
And the drawing is great: Pathen did most of the job on "Worse than creepers" but you converted it to an animation with no problems.
I alsoliked the music and the way Endermen's eyes glow when staring. 4.5 stars.
creepy! but kill the creepers before they kill you!


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B-Keeny Model
Alex TroyModel Male Toronto, Ontario, Canada
My Website: Alex TroyMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/alextroy
Mayhem # 3305584
About MeMy name is Alex Troy and I am 26 years old. I just move to Toronto. I got into modeling a year ago as a hobby and got lucky to work with some talented photographers. I'd really like to work with great people with interesting points of view who think outside the box. I also have lot of great ideas so working with people who like to collaborate creatively would be great.
I am looking to build up my portfolio.
And please don't forget to Like me on Facebook ( www.facebook.com/alextroy02 ) and Follow me on Twitter ( www.twitter.com/alextroy02 ) and Follow me on Instagram ( www.instagram.com/alextroy02 )
Please do not hesitate to contact me
CreditsShaun Simpson
B-Keeny Model
Digger Dunn Model
Emmanuel Albert Photographer
Robt W Hall Photography Photographer
San-der Model
Chris Martinson Model
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A community of people with Type 2 Diabetes to guide and support your health journey. Ask a question, join a conversation, share experiences: nutrition, wellness, symptoms, and treatments.
Why is Exercise Important?
Why is it important for people with diabetes to be physically active?
Physical activity can help you control your blood glucose, weight, and blood pressure, as well as raise your "good" cholesterol and lower your "bad" cholesterol. It can also help prevent heart and blood flow problems, reducing your risk of heart disease and nerve damage, which are often problems for people with diabetes.
How much and how often should people with diabetes exercise?
Experts recommend moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more days of the week. Some examples of moderate-intensity physical activity are walking briskly, mowing the lawn, dancing, swimming, or bicycling.
If you are not accustomed to physical activity, you may want to start with a little exercise, and work your way up. As you become stronger, you can add a few extra minutes to your physical activity. Do some physical activity every day. It's better to walk 10 or 20 minutes each day than one hour once a week.
Talk to your health care provider about a safe exercise plan. He or she may check your heart and your feet to be sure you have no special problems. If you have high blood pressure, eye, or foot problems, you may need to avoid some kinds of exercise.