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FCC Computer Incident Response Team TABLE OF CONTENTS FCC Computer Security Desk Reference 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................1 1.2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................1 Computer Incident Response 1.3 SCOPE ....................................................................................2 1.4 AUTHORITY ...........................................................................2 Team 1.5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...............................................2 1.5.1 FCC Personnel ............................................................2 1.5.2 FCC Computer Security Officer ..................................3 1.5.3 FCC Computer Resource Center.................................3 1.5.4 FCC CIRT Members....................................................4 2 FCC CIRT TEAMS ...................................................................5 2.1 UNIX/LINUX CIRT ...............................................................5 2.2 NOVELL CIRT .......................................................................5 2.3 AIS CIRT ..............................................................................5 2.4 AUCTIONS CIRT ....................................................................5 Operational Control 2.5 MICROSOFT NT/WINDOWS CIRT ..........................................5 Guide No. OC-291 3 FCC CIRT ROSTER .................................................................5 4 FCC CIRT PROCEDURES ......................................................6 July 2002 4.1 IDENTIFYING THE CUSTOMER ................................................6 4.2 COMPUTER RESOURCE CENTER SUPPORT AND OPERATIONS .6 4.3 SYSTEM AND DATA BACKUP .................................................6 Federal Communications Commission 4.4 FCC CIRT COMMUNICATION AND REPORTING .....................7 Office of the Managing Director Information Technology Center 4.4.1 Reporting Computer Security Incidents.......................7 Computer Security Program 4.4.2 Rapid Customer Communications Capability .............7 4.4.3 Communication with Outside Organizations...............7 ii FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team 4.4.4 Communication with the Office of the Inspector General 8 1 INTRODUCTION 4.4.5 Information Sharing ....................................................8 1.1 Purpose 4.4.6 Periodic CIRT Meetings ..............................................8 The purpose of the FCC's Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) 4.5 FCC CIRT PROCESS SUMMARY ............................................9 is to establish roles, responsibilities, and communications procedures for responding to computer security incidents at the FCC. It 5 PREVENTING FUTURE DAMAGE TO FCC SYSTEMS .10 establishes teams with the technical and procedural means to appropriately handle and report security incidents. This guide is 6 TECHNICAL PLATFORM MEMBER EXPERTISE .........10 designed to be used in conjunction with FCC Computer Security Desk Reference Number OC-290, "Computer Incident Response 7 FCC CIRT EDUCATION AND AWARENESS TRAINING Guide." 10 The primary objective in the formation of the FCC CIRT policy is to 8 FCC CIRT AND THE CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS establish teams within FCC's Information Technology Center (ITC) PLAN.........................................................................................11 to offer quick response to computer security incidents in order to mitigate risks before substantial damage occurs. The CIRT also APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY ..........................................................12 handles incidents that might otherwise interrupt the day-to-day operation of the FCC's Information Technology (IT) systems or APPENDIX B: REFERENCES........................................................1 require the FCC to invoke its Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP). The benefit of such teams is the capability to contain and repair damage from incidents, and prevent future damage. A secondary objective of this effort is to define the Computer Security Officer's (CSO) role in coordinating and reporting computer security incident activities. Other beneficial services from the CIRT capability include the sharing of information within the ITC, enhancing communications with customers, and the ITC's ability to enhance its Computer Security Awareness Training programs for FCC employees and staff. 1.2 Background FCC computer systems are subject to a wide range of mishaps including corrupted data files, to viruses, to natural disasters. Some of these mishaps can be fixed through day-to-day operating procedures. For example, frequently occurring events (e.g., a mistakenly deleted file) can usually be readily repaired (e.g., by restoration from the backup file). More severe mishaps, such as outages caused by natural disasters, will normally be addressed in an ITC COOP. Other damaging events result from deliberate malicious technical activity (e.g., the creation of viruses or system hacking). iii 1 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team Such activity can be initiated from an outsider (non-FCC system user) 1.5.2 FCC Computer Security Officer or an insider (FCC system user.) This policy establishes roles, The CSO performs the following actions to ensure coordination and responsibilities, and communications procedures for handling proper functioning of the FCC's CIRT. computer security incidents. Although the threats that hackers and malicious code pose to systems and networks are well known, the • Receives notification from the FCC's CRC or from occurrence of such harmful events remains unpredictable. outside sources. This document, along with other FCC security policies and • Activates the CIRT. documentation, helps to address the Office of Management and • Briefs the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Deputy Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-130, Appendix III requirements for CIO as necessary throughout the incident. the FCC to "Protect government information commensurate with the • Informs the FCC's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) risk and magnitude of harm that could result from the loss, misuse, or of the incident. unauthorized access to or modification of such information." • Notifies the appropriate Customer Service Representative 1.3 Scope (CSR) of the affected bureau/office. The guidance contained in this document applies to all IT support • Contacts outside law enforcement and government staff, i.e., system administrators, application owners, the Auctions agencies as necessary. Operations Group, and ITC personnel. This guidance is applicable to • Maintains the CIRT policy, procedures, and roster. all FCC information and infrastructure computing resources, at all • Conducts periodic updates and process reviews with the levels of sensitivity, whether owned and operated by the FCC or various CIRTs. operated on behalf of the FCC. 1.5.3 FCC Computer Resource Center 1.4 Authority The FCC's CRC (i.e. help desk) performs the following actions This document is issued pursuant to the Government Information related to computer security incident response. Security Reform Act (Public Law 106-398, Title X, subtitle G) • Receives reports of computer security incidents from requirement for agencies to "develop and implement an agency-wide FCC customers during working hours through the information security program" that includes "procedures for internal Computer Help Desk phone number. detecting, reporting, and responding to security incidents…." • Receives reports of computer security incidents from This document also helps to satisfy FCC Directive FCCINST 1479.2, FCC customers during non-working hours by means of section 6.3.10 that requires the FCC's CSO to "manage the ITC's an emergency cell phone number, which is listed on the Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT)." CIRT roster. 1.5 Roles and Responsibilities • Identifies threat to FCC Systems (malicious internal user or external intruder). 1.5.1 FCC Personnel • Notifies the CSO. Users, administrators, application owners, and managers of FCC • Tracks the incident by opening a trouble ticket. systems are responsible for reporting suspected computer security • Follows up with the CSO to verify effective resolution of incidents to the FCC's Computer Resource Center (CRC). the incident before closing the ticket. 2 3 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team 1.5.4 FCC CIRT Members Each member of the CIRT is responsible for the following actions related to FCC's CIRT program. 2 FCC CIRT TEAMS • Responds to activities that might interrupt the IT services This policy establishes four groups within the FCC CIRT to handle of the area for which the team is responsible during incidents related to systems that support critical FCC operations. working and non-working hours. 2.1 UNIX/Linux CIRT • Investigates incidents, assists with recovery efforts, documents incidents, and provides regular reports to the Responds to all activities that might interrupt the services of the CSO. UNIX/Linux operating systems owned and managed by the FCC. • Maintains awareness of and follows procedures for This includes those systems both inside and outside the FCC firewall effective response to computer security incidents. (e.g., FCC Web Servers, TIS Gauntlet Firewalls, Routers, all regional field office servers.) • Stays current on functional and security operations for the technologies within their area of responsibility. 2.2 Novell CIRT • Follows the direction of the CSO during incident response activities. Responds to all activities that might interrupt the services of the Novell operating systems owned and managed by the FCC. This • Maintains confidentiality of information related to includes all file servers located in the Washington, DC, Columbia, computer security incidents. MD, Gettysburg, PA, and all FCC regional and field offices. • Participates in periodic updates and process reviews conducted by the CSO. 2.3 AIS CIRT Responds to all activities that might interrupt the services of any FCC proprietary applications and databases owned and managed by the FCC and its Bureaus and Offices. 2.4 Auctions CIRT Responds to all activities that might interrupt the services of any FCC, WTB Auctions activity on the Auctions sub-net. This includes all file servers, UNIX-based operating systems, routers and dial-in ports. 2.5 Microsoft NT/Windows CIRT Responds to all activities that might interrupt the services of NT- and Windows-based servers and PCs owned and managed by the FCC and its Bureaus and Offices. 3 FCC CIRT ROSTER The CSO has compiled a roster of names and contact numbers for CIRT members. This roster contains confidential contact information 4 5 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team and is authorized for limited distribution to CIRT members and the manages off-site tape storage for systems managed by the FCC's CRC. Please contact the CSO if you require a copy of the CIRT Information Technology Center (ITC). The NOG can support the roster. In addition, the CRC, the IT Operations Group, and the CIRT by recovering older versions of data and system files to assist Auctions Group will maintain a copy of the CIRT roster. with investigations. The CIRT should work closely with the NOG during efforts to restore systems that may have been damaged or compromised. In some cases, back up and recovery services are 4 FCC CIRT PROCEDURES provided by the local organization. 4.1 Identifying the Customer The CIRT should contact the CRC to request that the NOG (or other personnel, as appropriate) make electronic data backups available. ITC customers include computer users of FCC networks (all FCC The NOG will coordinate efforts to recover backups from onsite employees and contractors), program managers and application storage or from the off-site storage facility, as necessary. owners, and others who use or share our computing resources. As you might expect, the customer is not always the entire Commission. 4.4 FCC CIRT Communication and Reporting For example, an FCC CIRT situation might affect only the Collection System and its users, with no outward affect on others within the 4.4.1 Reporting Computer Security Incidents Commission. Conversely, the impact of a computer virus might affect the entire FCC computer network population. In a third scenario, the Successful incident handling requires that customers be able to report event only may affect FCC field offices. Scenarios also may arise incidents in a convenient, straightforward fashion. FCC personnel where FCC system users are not affected, but persons who access who identify a potential computer security incident should report the information from the FCC Web Sites may be. incident directly to the FCC CRC immediately. The CRC's involvement in the CIRT process provides a central point of In each situation, the CSO must identify and inform the customer of communication and tracking of security incidents. the situation. In doing so, the CSO will have a reasonable assessment of the impact on the system and its users and the expectation for For more information on incident reporting, see FCC Computer resolution. It is through the reporting scheme of such events that the Security Desk Reference Number OC-290, "Computer Incident CSO can help to ensure that accurate information is relayed to the Response Guide." This reference guide may be viewed at: customer and those affected by a system outage. http://intranet.fcc.gov/omd/itc/csg/incident_response_guide/ 4.2 Computer Resource Center Support and 4.4.2 Rapid Customer Communications Capability Operations Rapid communication is essential for quickly communicating with When an FCC customer reports a potential incident, the CRC makes the customer as well as with management officials. Whenever an initial determination regarding the threat to the FCC's systems. feasible, the CSO will issue priority electronic mail messages, Threat generally results from unauthorized intrusion/attack by containing a Computer Security Alert, to those customers affected by outsiders or from unauthorized activities by potentially malicious the incident. As necessary, the CSO will utilize other forms of internal users. The CRC will open a trouble ticket and relay the communication including Commission-wide voice mail, and Bureau incident to the CSO, who will initiate the first response to the or group emergency briefings. incident. Once the incident has been resolved, the CRC will consult with the CSO and close out the ticket. 4.4.3 Communication with Outside Organizations Due to increasing computer connectivity, intruder activity on 4.3 System and Data Backup networks can affect many organizations, inside and outside the FCC. The FCC's Network Operations Group (NOG) provides automated The CSO will determine whether activity at the FCC may present a data protection/backup services, maintains the FCC tape library, and 6 7 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team threat to other government organizations and will contact outside 4.5 FCC CIRT Process Summary authorities as appropriate. At times, the FCC may require support from investigative agencies, such as federal (e.g., the FBI, Department of Justice), state, and local law enforcement authorities. In addition, the General Services Administration's Federal Computer Incident Response Center (FedCIRC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) may be consulted when appropriate. In all instances, the CSO, in consultation with the CIO, will determine when communication with outside organizations is appropriate. The CIRT and other FCC employees must follow the CSO's direction and must not share information regarding an incident outside the FCC without authorization. 4.4.4 Communication with the Office of the Inspector General Office of Management and Budget (OMB) directives require agencies to include the OIG "as an integral part of the reporting process." As a result, incident reporting to the CIO will include the FCC's Office of the OIG in the reporting process. The CSO will brief the FCC's Inspector General and/or his designee(s) within 48 hours after an incident. The CSO will submit a written report to the OIG within 30 days describing the incident and its resolution. 4.4.5 Information Sharing The CSO routinely conducts assessments of key FCC computer systems. Making such information available to FCC CIRT team members should heighten the awareness of the risk associated with those systems. In addition, by offering informational briefings, cross platform briefings can expand the general understanding of the different operating system platform administrators (e.g., the UNIX team hosts an awareness briefing for other team groups on the current status of the UNIX platform and visa-versa). 4.4.6 Periodic CIRT Meetings To ensure an open line of communication, the CSO will conduct periodic meetings of CIRT members. These meetings will provide team members with a general understanding of the responsibilities assigned to each CIRT and the types of response scenarios to expect. While the CSO may call emergency meetings on an as needed basis, periodic meetings will be scheduled weeks in advance to ensure attendance by all team members. 8 9 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team 5 PREVENTING FUTURE DAMAGE TO FCC of system management and related security with their respective SYSTEMS systems. Further, the FCC CIRT can benefit from lessons learned during incident handling. CIRT staff will be able to help assess the Once resolved, an incident can offer an invaluable educational level of user awareness about current threats and vulnerabilities and experience for the FCC CIRT. Such efforts may prevent (or at least provide input for future training efforts. Staff members may be able minimize) damage from future incidents. The CSO, CIRT members, to help train system administrators, system operators, and other users and FCC management can study incidents internally to gain a better and systems personnel. Knowledge of security precautions (resulting understanding of the Commission's threats and vulnerabilities so from such training) helps reduce future incidents. Educational more effective safeguards can be implemented. Additionally, outside Computer Security Notices can increase system users understanding contacts (established by the platform group members) can provide of the importance of reporting an incident. early warnings of threats and vulnerabilities (e.g., a new computer virus traversing the Internet). 8 FCC CIRT AND THE CONTINUITY OF The incident handling capability allows FCC CIRT members to learn OPERATIONS PLAN from the incidents that it has experienced. The CIRT can collect data about past incidents (and the corrective measures taken) and analyze Incident handling, by the FCC CIRT is closely related to COOP the data for patterns. This analysis may include determination of planning as well as support and operations. The FCC CIRT may be which viruses are most prevalent, which corrective actions are most viewed as a component of contingency planning because it provides successful, and which systems and information are being targeted by the ability to react quickly and efficiently to disruptions in normal hackers. processing. The FCC CIRT effort can be the FCC's last effort to avoid the necessity to invoke its COOP. The CIRT can identify vulnerabilities in this process. For example, it may determine whether a new software package or patch introduces a vulnerability into an FCC system. Knowledge about the types of threats that are occurring and the presence of vulnerabilities can aid in identifying security solutions. This information will also prove useful in creating a more effective training and awareness program, and thus help reduce the potential for exposure. 6 TECHNICAL PLATFORM MEMBER EXPERTISE The technical staff members who comprise the platform FCC CIRT teams need specific knowledge, skills, and abilities relevant to their respective operating systems and platforms. Knowledge of their systems is expected through the day-to-day administration and management of their systems. 7 FCC CIRT EDUCATION AND AWARENESS TRAINING The CSO encourages all FCC CIRT members to keep up-to-date with available educational and training opportunities available in the areas 10 11 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team Bureau/Office Manager - Any FCC Bureau/Office representative who APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY acts as the application/database or system focal point for management. Access Control - An entire set of procedures performed by hardware, software, and administrators to monitor access, identify users Certification - Comprehensive evaluation of the technical and non- requesting access, record access attempts, and grant or deny access technical security features of an information system made in support based on pre-established rules. of the accreditation process. Accreditation - A formal declaration by the designated approval Computer Security - Technological and managerial procedures authority that an information system is approved to operate using a applied to computer systems to ensure the availability, integrity, and prescribed set of safeguards at an approved level of risk. confidentiality of information managed by the computer system. Adequate Security - Security commensurate with the risk and Continuity of Operations (COOP) – A predetermined set of magnitude of the harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or instructions or procedures that describe how an organization's unauthorized access to or modification of information. This includes essential functions will be sustained for up to 30 days as a result of a assuring that systems and applications used by the agency operate disaster event before returning to normal operations. effectively and provide appropriate confidentiality, integrity, and Denial / Disruption of Service (DoS) - An attack on an information availability, through the use of cost-effective management, personnel, system that interferes with or disrupts the performance of the targeted operational, and technical controls. information system. Alphanumeric - A contraction of the words alphabetic and numeric Data Integrity - A measure of data quality. Integrity is high when that indicates a combination of any letters, numbers, and special undetected errors in a database are few. Complete data integrity is the characters. assurance that is input to the computer today will be there tomorrow, Application – Software used to provide a set of functionality and unchanged in any way. features to a set of users. Encryption - A security mechanism that renders information Auditing - Auditing is a security mechanism that tracks the actions of unintelligible to unauthorized persons and allows the information to system users, administrators, and processes in order to provide be restored to its plain-text format by authorized persons. traceability and accountability. General Support Systems - Are those interconnected set of Audit Logs - Audit logs (also known as audit trails) are records in information resources under the same direct management control which the output of auditing mechanisms is stored for analysis and which share common functionality. A system can be, for example, a historical reference. local area network or an agency-wide backbone. Availability - That aspect of security that deals with the timely Hacker - Colloquial term used to refer to persons who attempt to delivery of information and services to the user. access information systems and network resources in an unauthorized manner. Backup - Applies to data, equipment or procedures that are available for use in the event of failure or loss of normally used data, Least Privilege - A security control that requires system users and equipment or procedures. The provision of adequate backup computer processes to be granted the minimum level of privilege and capability and facilities is important to the design of data processing access needed to perform their authorized duties and functions. systems in the event of a system failure that may potentially bring the Major Application - An application that requires special attention to operations of the business to a virtual standstill. security due to the risk and magnitude of the harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of the information in the application. Note: All Federal applications require 12 13 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team some level of protection. Certain applications, because of the Computer "hard copy" is considered, for purposes of this directive, a information in them, however, require special management oversight computerized record, and may contain "sensitive" data. and should be treated as major. Adequate security for other System - A collection of hardware, software, operating system, and applications should be provided by security of the systems in which firmware integrated together to perform one or more functions. they operate. Sensitive Information - Is that which requires various degrees of Mission Critical Data - Is any electronic data which supports the protection due to the risk and magnitude of loss or harm, which could collection, transfer, or disbursement of funds, or Commission result from accidental or deliberate disclosure, alteration, or activities mandated by statue or treaty, the interruption of which destruction. This data includes records protected from disclosure by would cause significant economic or social harm to licensees or the the Privacy Act, as well as information that may be withheld under public. the Freedom of Information Act, Non-Public—Highly Network Service - A network service is a logical portion of the Sensitive/Restricted and/or Non-Public—For Internal Use Only. operating system used to communicate specific types of information Computer "hard copy" is considered, for purposes of this directive, a among computers. computerized record, and may contain "sensitive" data. Password is a unique secret word selected by each user that is System Administration - The process of supporting and managing the associated with a particular user ID. The Passwords primary function use, configuration, functionality, and security of production is to protect the userID from unauthorized use. A non-display mode is information systems. used when the password is entered to prevent disclosure to others. UserID - The authorization code used to verify that FCC users are Process - A process is a program in a state of execution, or a program entitled access to FCC computer resources, and to identify the that is running and has not finished. specific resource(s) used. Removable Media - An information storage medium that can be Vulnerability - A condition of security weakness in an information removed from an information creation device such as a computer. system that may be exploited by internal or external adversaries to Examples are diskettes, tapes, cartridges, optical disks, and external cause a negative impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or disk drives. availability of an information system. Risk - A combination of the likelihood that a negative event will occur and the severity of the impact of that event. Segregation of Duties - Segregation of duties refers to the policies, procedures, and organizational structure that help ensure that one individual cannot independently control all key aspects of a process or computer-related operation and thereby conduct unauthorized actions or gain unauthorized access to assets or records without detection. Sensitive Information - Is that which requires various degrees of protection due to the risk and magnitude of loss or harm, which could result from accidental or deliberate disclosure, alteration, or destruction. This data includes records protected from disclosure by the Privacy Act, as well as information that may be withheld under the Freedom of Information Act, Non-Public—Highly Sensitive/Restricted and/or Non-Public—For Internal Use Only. 14 15 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team recertify the adequacy of these safeguards. In addition, it makes APPENDIX B: REFERENCES agency heads responsible for limiting the collection of individually identifiable information and proprietary information to that which is Public Law 99-474, Subject: "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of legally authorized and necessary for the proper performance of 1986." The act provides for unlimited fines and imprisonment of up agency functions, and to develop procedures to periodically review to 20 years if a person "intentionally accesses a computer without the agency's information resources to ensure conformity. authorization or exceeds authorized access and, by means of such conduct, obtains information that has been determined...to require 5 USC 552a, Privacy Act of 1974, As Amended. The basic provisions protection against unauthorized disclosure...." It is also an offense if a of the act are to protect the privacy of individuals. An agency is person intentionally accesses "a Federal interest computer without prohibited from disclosing personal information contained in a authorization and, by means of one or more instances of such conduct system of records to anyone or another agency unless the individual alters, damages, or destroys information...or prevents authorized use (about whom the information pertains) makes a written request or of such computer...or traffics any password or similar information...if gives prior written consent for third party disclosure (to another such computer is used by or for the Government or the United individual or agency). States." 40 United States Code 1452, Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. This Act Public Law 100-235, Subject: "Computer Security Act of 1987." The links security to agency capital planning and budget processes, Act provides for a computer standards program within the National establishes agency Chief Information Officers, and re-codifies the Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide for Computer Security Act of 1987. Government-wide computer security, and to provide for the training NIST Special Publication 800-18, Guide for Developing Security in security matters of persons who are involved in the management, Plans for Information Technology Systems. This publication details operation, and use of Federal computer systems, and for other the specific controls that should be documented in a security plan. purposes. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. This Act linked security to OMB Circular No. A-123, Revised, Subject: "Internal Control agency capital planning and budget processes, established agency Systems." Requires heads of government agencies establish and Chief Information Officers, and re-codified the Computer Security maintain effective systems of internal control within their agencies Act of 1987. that, in part, safeguard its assets against waste, loss, unauthorized use, and misappropriation. Among other things, the circular specifies that Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Pub. 102, Guideline periodic security reviews be conducted to determine if resources are for Computer Security Certification and Accreditation. This being misused. guideline describes how to establish and how to carry out a certification and accreditation program for computer security. OMB Circular No. A-127, Subject: "Financial Management Systems." This Circular prescribes policies and procedures to be P.L.106-398, The FY 2001 Defense Authorization Act including Title followed by executive departments and agencies in developing, X, subtitle G, "Government Information Security Reform Act." The operating, evaluating, and reporting on financial management Act primarily addresses the program management and evaluation systems. aspects of security. It provides a comprehensive framework for establishing and ensuring the effectiveness of controls over OMB Circular No. A-130 "Management of Federal Information information resources that support federal operations. Resources," Appendix III "Security of Federal Automated Information Resources." Requires federal agencies to implement a National Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation computer security program and develop physical, administrative, and Process (NIACAP). This process (NSTISSI 1000) establishes a technical controls to safeguard personal, proprietary, and other standard national process, set of activities, general tasks, and a sensitive data in automated data systems. OMB Circular A-130 also management structure to certify and accredit systems that will requires that periodic audits and reviews be conducted to certify or 1 2 FCC Computer Incident Response Team FCC Computer Incident Response Team maintain the Information Assurance (IA) and security posture of a system or site. Presidential Decision Directive 63, "Protecting America's Critical Infrastructures." This directive specifies agency responsibilities for protecting the nation's infrastructure; assessing vulnerabilities of public and private sectors; and eliminating vulnerabilities. FCC Directive FCCINSTR 1139, "Management of Non-Public Information." The purpose of this directive is to establish policies and procedures for managing and safeguarding non-public information. FCC Directive FCCINSTR 1479.2, "FCC Computer Security Program." This directive establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for assuring that there are adequate levels of protection for all FCC computer systems, Personal Computers (PCs), Local Area Networks (LAN), the FCC Network, applications and databases, and information created, stored or processed, therein. Prepared for: Federal Communications Commission Office of the Managing Director Information Technology Center Computer Security Program 445 12th Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20554 Prepared by: GSA Schedule Contract Number: GS-35F-0040K 3
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Rural Health Care Provider Reimbursement Method Election-FCC Form 498
Download OptionsReleased: August 19, 2013
Federal Communications Commission
News Media Information 202 / 418-0500445 12th St., S.W.
Internet: https://www.fcc.gov
Washington, D.C. 20554
Released: August 19, 2013
WC Docket No. 02-60The Wireline Competition Bureau (Bureau) announces the availability of the revised FCC Form
498, which enables service providers in any of the Commission's Rural Health Care (RHC) universal
service support programs to choose their preferred method of reimbursement for services they provide to
health care providers ("HCPs"). Service providers may now select their preferred method of
reimbursement using the new FCC Form 498.
In December 2012, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) created the newest
RHC program, the Healthcare Connect Fund.1 The Commission also amended reimbursement rules for
service providers participating in any RHC program (including the existing Telecommunications and
Internet Access programs) to allow such providers to elect on the FCC Form 498 whether they want to
receive reimbursement directly or as an offset to their federal universal service fund (USF) contribution
requirement.2 The FCC Form 498 is the form by which service providers obtain a service provider
identification number (SPIN), and by which service providers can now elect their method of
reimbursement in the RHC program. In amending the RHC reimbursement rules, the Commission
acknowledged that Form 498 would have to be revised, and such revision approved by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act, before service providers could
make their reimbursement elections.3
FCC Form 498 has been approved by OMB and is now available on the website of the USF
Administrator, the Universal Service Administrative Company, located at
1 Rural Health Care Support Mechanism, WC Docket No. 02-60, Report and Order, 27 FCC Rcd 16678 (2012)
("Healthcare Connect Fund Order").
2 Id. at 16824-26, paras. 369-74; 47 C.F.R. 54.679 (2013). Prior to this rule amendment, service providers were
required to receive reimbursement for services they provided to HCPs in the RHC program as an offset to their
universal service obligation. See Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service, CC Docket No. 96-45, Report and
Order, 12 FCC Rcd 8776, 9154-55, para. 734 (1997); 47 C.F.R. 54.611 (2012). In amending this RHC program
reimbursement rule, the Commission recognized a few shortcomings of the offset requirement, including its effect
on some small, rural HCPs and their service providers. Healthcare Connect Fund Order, 27 FCC Rcd at 16825-26,
paras. 371-73.
3 Healthcare Connect Fund Order, 27 FCC Rcd at 16826, para. 374.
http://www.usac.org/cont/tools/forms/default.aspx.4 By default, current service providers will
automatically receive reimbursement as an offset to their USF contribution requirement unless they
change their method of reimbursement by unchecking Box 122, Block 14 on the FCC Form 498. Service
providers newly participating in the RHC program can choose their method of reimbursement when they
file their FCC Form 498 for the first time. By default, new service providers will automatically receive
direct reimbursement unless they have elected on the FCC Form 498 to receive reimbursement as an
offset to their USF obligation.
For further information, please contact Christianna Barnhart, Telecommunications Access Policy
Division, Wireline Competition Bureau at (202) 418-1372, TTY (202) 418-0484, or
4 Rural Health Care Support Mechanism, 78 Fed. Reg. 38,606, 38,607 (Jun. 27, 2013).
Note: We are currently transitioning our documents into web compatible formats for easier reading. We have done our best to supply this content to you in a presentable form, but there may be some formatting issues while we improve the technology. The original version of the document is available as a PDF, Word Document, or as plain text.

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La Toya Jackson
La Toya Jackson was born on May 29, 1956 in Gary, Indiana, USA as La Toya Yvonne Jackson. She is a producer, known for Playboy Celebrity Centerfold: La Toya Jackson (1994), The Apprentice (2004) and Michael Jackson and Bubbles: The Untold Story (2010). She has been married to Jeffre Phillips since December 6, 2013. She was previously married to ... See full bio »
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Reply+8#4 - SteyrAUG ONLINE (02/01/2014) [-]
And now those ******* in chicago know what we go through ever single year in Idaho.
Reply+3#5 to #4 - Sexysammich (02/01/2014) [-]
Hey! This snow looks stiff enough to support my weight! Until I'm in the least convenient place to possibly break through to the ground. Yay! Idaho!
Reply+2#7 to #6 - Sexysammich (02/01/2014) [-]
Meh. That's T-shirt weather.


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Book your room at Apartament Cuba
Get an overview of this hotel4-star apartment in Poznan
Located in the heart of Poznan, this apartment is within 2 mi (3 km) of Malta Lake, Parish of St. Stanislaus Kostka, and Old Town Square. Poznan Palm House and Musical Instrument Museum are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Property Features
Free WiFi in public areas and free wired Internet in public areas are available at this apartment.
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All 4 apartments have free wired Internet and feature kitchenettes with refrigerators, stovetops, and microwaves. Balconies, cable TV, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
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Apartament Cuba features complimentary use of a nearby fitness facility. High-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary.
- Total number of rooms - 4
- Number of floors -
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free parking nearby
- Free use of nearby fitness center
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
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Available in all rooms: Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free parking nearby
Room Amenities
- Balcony
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- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Iron/ironing board
- Stovetop
- Cable TV service
- Free wired high-speed Internet
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The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
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To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
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Today marks the release of Long Island veteran R.A. the Rugged Man's second studio album, Legends Never Die. The album sports features from the likes of ...Read More
25 Rap Lyrics About College Basketball
Brother Ali "Nardwuar"
There's nothing like a little inspiration. After his recent interview with Nardwuar, Brother Ali decided to hit the lab and make a song dedicated to ...Read More
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Brother Ali, Mourning in America and Dreaming in Color
It's been three years since Brother Ali delivered his last LP and the Minneapolis rapper has returned just in the nick of time. His politically-driven ...Read More
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The Minneapolis MC's latest album Mourning in America and Dreaming in Color is his most politically driven work to date...Read More
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Doubletree By Hilton Torrance - South Bay
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Universal Studios
... stunt show, well lets say Movie Worlds stunt show is a Hyundai Getz and Universal Studios stunt show is a Lamborghini. Hopefully I can upload some videos (if they turned out ok) It really shows how easily Hollywood movies are made. There were explosions, fire, guns shooting blanks, aeroplane crashes, blood, everything! All in a small space too. They really are the pro's in this profession.
Now ...
Epilogue: The NEW Adventure
... at the calendar I see that it is time to resume having my hair done by my long-time hairdresser, Tomas. During our European/So. African travels, I had printed signs like this in each country I had had my hair done. I experienced salons in the Netherlands, Italy, South Africa, England, France, Ireland and Scotland. The good news is that my hair never got burned off and its color never veered far from brunette with ...
Hollywood to Santa Monica Pier.....the final leg!
... the foot and hand prints of all the stars in tribute to Sid and the legacy that he built. Apparently, the idea started with Sid when he accidentally stepped in wet cement when the theatre was being built in 1927 and to this day, is still a major ceremony when a star is ordained. We couldn't understand why nobody called one of our family forward?! The Hollywood sign in the hills was clearly visible from the back of the theatre and we felt no further need to get any closer ...
More LA, Beverly Hills & Santa Monica
... this is also part of Beverly Hill, please correct me if I'm wrong). Because, "OMG this is the street where Julia Roberts was shopping in Pretty Woman". We laughed, honestly, I took us longer to find a parking spot then to actually walk around there. The street might be... 50 meters long? We walked around a bit in the other streets, but as well known, the shops there are to expensive anyway for the regular tourist. So we hopped in the car again. ...
The Layover
... a seat on the flight to Nadi tonight, but my gluten-free meal request did not transfer. So, probably no food for me. Getting from Fiji to Sydney on stand by will probably be an ordeal, since the flights are pretty much full.
Lesson learned: Virgin all the way.
I'm sorry Mr. Branson, I should have booked this trip on your airline. You have gained a loyal ...


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Fruitbreedomics 2nd Annual Meeting in Lleida (February 2013). Trends in fruit production in Spain and Catalonia by Dr. Ignasi Iglesias, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Teclonogia Agroalimentària), Spain.
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Items tagged revolvers in MV Collections
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Rifle - Colt Revolving, circa 1860
Colt Revolving sporting rifle, cal. .36 in., rifled barrel 489 mm (19 1/4 inch long. Made by Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Co, Hartford, Connecticut. Serial number 1197, circa ...From: Hartford, United States Images: 3
Screwdriver, for Colt percussion revolver. Has 2 different size blades at right angles, & wooden pear shaped handle with brass band. Other half with pricker is missing.From: Melbourne, Australia Images: 1
Negative - St Kilda, Victoria, circa 1919
The Biggest Family Album of Australia, Museum VictoriaFrom: St Kilda, Australia Images: 1
Rifle - Minie P 1851, Percussion, circa 1855
British service rifle, Minie P 1851. cal. .702 in., rifled (4 grooves) barrel 37 3/8 in. (950 mm) long.From: Melbourne, Australia Images: 1


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Metavante's Big Bet on Payments John Stewart The technology subsidiary of Milwaukee's venerable Marshall & Ilsley Bank has shelled out $1 billion to be a major player in EFT and check imaging and exchange. Its potential to control the direction of electronic payments is huge, but its strategy carries substantial risks. When Metavante Corp. laid out $305 million this spring to buy Kirchman Corp. and Advanced Financial Solutions Inc., the two deals raised eyebrows throughout the transaction-processing world. Here was a middling player in core bank processing, ATM driving, and credit card acquiring snapping up a provider of off-the-shelf bank-processing software and the builder of the country's only operating national network for the exchange of check images. But no sooner had analysts and observers digested these deals than Metavante announced it had won the bidding war for NYCE, the nation's second-largest electronic funds network, taking the property off the hands of First Data Corp. and its bank owners for a cool $610 million. Suddenly, it was apparent that executives at the Milwaukee-based technology subsidiary of that city's venerable Marshall & Ilsley Corp. had hatched an audacious strategy to stitch together disparate transaction networks, and were willing to wager $1 billion they can make it work. "That's a sizable bet," says a skeptical Leslie M. Muma, president and chief executive of competitor Fiserv Inc., which, with headquarters in Brookfield, Wis., is practically cheek-by-jowl with Metavante's nerve center on Brown Deer Road. "If all three of those acquisitions work, they made a great bet." National Scope The men responsible for plotting and executing the strategy have no doubt they can make it work. By acquiring Kirchman, they filled a yawning gap in Metavante's offering. The company long has provided core processing—the various back-office accounting, general ledger, and cash-management functions related to bank transactions—on a third-party basis but lacked off-the-shelf software. Similarly, with the AFS deal, the company picks up an array of some 40 software products that support the processing and imaging of checks, including fraud management. And they get CheckClear LLC, which the owners of AFS started a few years ago to operate Endpoint Exchange, a network in which some 2,900 credit unions and community banks are trading check images daily, with another 1,100 or so committed to join. More important, it's the only such exchange with national scope now up and running, with the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (Check 21) taking effect Oct. 28. Check 21 is expected to touch off an ever-growing flow of check images and so-called image replacement documents through these exchanges. "Endpoint is what put it over the top for us," says Paul T. Danola, an executive vice president at Metavante responsible for the AFS deal. "It was up and operating. We saw we could really accelerate the growth of that business." But by pulling off the NYCE deal, beating out a slew of eager bidders including rival Fiserv, Metavante vaulted itself into the front ranks of processing for debit cards secured by personal identification numbers at ATMs and at merchant locations. NYCE's member banks are concentrated in the Northeast, but it links 147,000 ATMs and about 1 million retail locations throughout the country for PIN debit acceptance. By folding NYCE into its offering, Metavante becomes one of the top ATM drivers in the country. And of NYCE's 2,150 members, only about 30% are current Metavante clients, opening an array of cross-selling opportunities for the processor. A Payments Portal But the biggest opportunity of all lies in the growth of the PIN debit market. The chance to buy NYCE came about in the first place because the U.S. Department of Justice, eyeing the hot market for PIN debit, forced First Data to divest its 64% stake in NYCE as a condition of dropping objections to the processor's acquisition of Concord EFS Inc. and its Star Systems network, the largest EFT system in the country. PIN transactions at the point of sale are growing about 20% annually, easily outstripping credit cards and keeping pace with debit card transactions secured by signatures. That has a lot of transactions executives licking their chops thinking of the income possibilities. NYCE alone processes about 1.4 billion PIN transactions yearly and levies a switch fee of up to 9.5 cents on ATM transactions and up to 4 cents each to acquirer and issuer on point-of-sale transactions. "PIN debit is probably going to be the fastest-growing payment mechanism for the next three to five years," says Frank G. D'Angelo, executive vice president in charge of EFT and cards at Metavante. "We bought [NYCE] for the switch." No wonder: NYCE made almost $31 million last year on $143 million in revenue, a margin of nearly 22%. The strategy driving these deals has its roots in planning that began a couple of years ago, when D'Angelo and other top executives decided that Metavante's growth prospects hinged on its ability to satisfy clients' processing needs across the entire spectrum of consumer electronic payment channels. The idea was that banks would be hammering together so-called payment portals embracing checks, debit, and credit cards, and looking to their vendors to have capabilities across all these payment types. "A lot of these large vendors are finding a lot of banks are looking for a single vendor to provide a broad range of products and services," says Christine Barry, an analyst at Celent Communications. "You have vendors trying to be all things to all people." At the same time, the company saw a gradual convergence of payment channels and wanted to be ready, for example, if clients for ATM driving wanted to begin imaging checks at the machines and entering them into an image exchange. Cary M. Serif, who, as executive vice president of Metavante's e- Finance Group, runs the company's electronic bill-payment service, says many institutions are interested in running these transactions across debit networks, where NYCE will fit in nicely. Also, it became obvious that paper-based transactions were rapidly going electronic, bringing along huge improvements in economies of scale. An image exchange would help reduce that last bastion of paper payments—checks— to electronic formats. And, finally, there would be undeniable cross-selling opportunities if the units Metavante acquired to fill out this payments portal did business with financial institutions that were not already Metavante clients. And acquire Metavante did, culminating in the string of deals the company closed this spring and summer. The money—almost $1 billion laid out in a breathtakingly short time—strikes some observers as a risky bet. But with the obvious opportunities in cross-selling and economies of scale in various payments markets the acquisitions make possible for Metavante, other analysts are bullish. "It's where you want to put your chips," says Steve Ledford, president of Global Concepts Inc., an Atlanta-based consultancy. What matters in Milwaukee right now is that, as Danola says, "we're building the rails so as things evolve we're pretty well positioned. We feel that as the world moves we can move with it." The spending binge has certainly put Metavante squarely in the cross-hairs of its competitors. Fiserv, where Danola and Frank R. Martire, Metavante chief executive since March 2003, once worked, also runs an EFT network and an image exchange. It sees Metavante as merely playing catch up. Says Muma: "They're a Fiserv wannabe. That's pretty obvious. Eventually we'll eat [their] lunch." In terms of revenue, Fiserv is four times Metavante's size. While some experts, like Celent's Barry, say capturing Endpoint Exchange has vaulted the smaller company beyond Fiserv in image networking, Fiserv remains the leader in core bank processing. Poaching Perks up But Metavante's larger rival isn't its only potential competitive headache. Of all the company's recent acquisitions, NYCE was the prize, commanding the highest price and offering as it does a nationwide system riding an ever-growing torrent of PIN debit volume. But NYCE's future is intimately bound up with the four major banks that owned more than one-third of the network before Metavante's acquisition and account for the bulk of its cards and volume. Many industry observers see those banks—J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Citigroup Inc., HSBC Holdings PLC, and Bank of America Corp.—as vulnerable to the blandishments of other networks, particularly as they no longer hold any equity in NYCE. Losing even one would deal a staggering blow to Metavante's payments plan. "Metavante has challenges," says Del R. Tonguette, who once ran a regional EFT network and is now debit programs manager for ICBA Bancard Inc., a community-bank organization in Arlington, Va. "Keeping that network intact and then growing it are key to [Metavante's] strategy." Poaching big banks from rival networks has become part of the game. Interlink, Visa's fast-growing network for point-of-sale PIN debit, lured away Wells Fargo & Co. and Wachovia Corp. from Star last year, reportedly offering higher interchange income. Now it may come after NYCE's members. And First Data, now that it owns number-one network Star, won't be shy about approaching the linchpin banks in NYCE. Says Fiserv's Muma: "You can bet Mr. [Charles] Fote [chief executive of First Data] won't leave that customer base alone." Buyers of networks try to prevent defections by locking in members with long-term contracts. In the midst of industry observers' doubts about the Big 4's willingness to stick with NYCE, neither D'Angelo nor Steven A. Rathgaber, a long-time NYCE executive who took over as president of the network Sept. 1, will comment on any member commitments to the network. "Increasingly, there will be competition for the hearts of issuers," says Rathgaber. "I'm confident we'll continue serving the majority of these institutions over time." Busy Engineers In part, he says, this is because Metavante has kept in place a 13-member oversight committee, put in place some time ago to help fend off any unwanted interference from First Data, that has veto power over rules changes. That, he says, has reassured many banks about governance of the network under a single owner. Metavante may face challenges in the check-exchange business as well. Some industry watchers argue a massive archive approach, such as that followed by a bank-owned consortium called Viewpointe Archive Services LLC, may trump image exchange. Archives serve up images only as needed, rather than replacing the transport of paper items with electronic trading of images. And there could be problems making Endpoint Exchange talk to a big-bank system New York-based Small Value Payments Co. (SVPCo.) is putting together, but on a different standard. As SVPCo. is expected to ultimately trade a huge volume of images, interoperability between the networks will become essential to full-scale image exchange. Hank Farrar, president of SVPCo., sees hope for resolving the issue now that Metavante, a bank-owned processor, has taken over Endpoint Exchange from its non-bank creators. Marshall & Ilsley, says Farrar, understands the SVPCo model and its benefits. "We want to work to get [M&I] into the system," says Farrar. "We've been talking to them for about a year." For his part, Gary Nelson, who continues as president of AFS under Metavante, says he's throwing some 30 in-house engineers into the effort to make interoperability happen. "Customers are going to demand the exchanges work together," he says. For all the risks it faces, Metavante still has a lot of assets it didn't have only six months ago, including two major networks in two key payments businesses. A third, a medical banking exchange acquired in the AFS deal, could develop rapidly as hospitals and doctor's offices look for ways to convert paper records to electronic formats, then exchange them with insurers. That means the Milwaukee company is likely to be a player when it comes to deciding how electronic payment channels grow, and how they interact with each other, over time. That alone could justify a $1 billion bet.
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Outlets at the Dells
Buy direct from the manufacturer at over 60 brand name outlet stores including Polo Ralph Lauren Factory Store, Gap Outlet, Old Navy, White House|Black Market, Carter's, Nike, American Eagle, Hollister, Under Armour, Banana Republic Factory Store, OshKosh, and many more. For the best savings on the latest fashions and home furnishings, shop Outlets at the Dells where bargain hunting is always in style! Indoor/Outdoor Mall.
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We reported earlier that Chris Bosh was out celebrating his birthday party last night at Bamboo Nightclub in Miami (photos from the party can be seen here). While he was out, robbers ransacked his house and took approximately $340k in cash, jewelry and handbags. At this time police are investigating, but no arrests have been made. The question begs was this a random robbery or has someone been planning this for a while, knowing that Bosh and his family would be out all night celebrating his birthday. I am not a detective, but it appears this was planned out carefully and might have been an inside job. We will update the story when we have more details. #BREAKING: Miami Beach Police said Chris Bosh's house was robbed and $340K in watches, handbags rings were stolen — NBC 6 South Florida (@nbc6) April 4, 2013
You are probably buying stuff stolen from Chris Bosh's house you fool !!!
I would imagine that along with watches and handbags, that a lot of his drag dresses were stolen..
What a crock. I don't believe it for a minute. First of all, if you have that kind of money in personal property, you have an alarm system. Secondly, 2 adults and however many kids home and burglars somehow got in and somehow cruised around the house and located the stuff they allegedly took and then cruised out of the house and nobody heard or saw them? He's just looking for insurance money.
They are probably selling the stolen property on the website that the first commenter kostaslilley67 blabbed about !!! By the way, are you the inmate Vernon Kostic that is currently incarcerated in the Central Florida Work Camp after being convicted of exploitation of elderly and disabled who also ran a scam on ebay, who I swore I would put in jail and did !!!Google that name before you go to that website while I contact the court system !!!
what they took $340,000 in drugs and crossdressing stuff.
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42 year old woman | Palatine, IL, USA | Seeking men 33-45 within 20 miles
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I never thought I would ever be on a dating site, but yet here I am LOL!! I guess the best way to describe me would be...sweet, thoughtful, athletic ,funny, adventurous, sarcastic,but in a fun loving way. . I do tend to care about peoples feelings more than my own at times, and my friends would say I'm the most considerate loving person they know. I was married 13 years, and have 3 gorgeous kids who I simply adore. I do enjoy the finer things in life, like traveling, fine dining, but can be equally happy sitting at a quant pub, or a relaxing evening at home watching a movie. I love to cook and I'm a big foodie!!!. I think their is something very sensual about cooking a meal together!! ! am very family oriented and cherish times with close friends too.. My time is limited due being a single mom, but I can make time for that special someone.I am a very passionate person and extremely affectionate and looking for the same. I would say I am kind of a hopeless romantic. :) I can adapt in any situation and easily make friends. and have fun wherever I am!!! I am looking for someone who is silly, affectionate,witty,athletic, funny, respectful, caring, enjoys kids and dogs, and most of all has a great personality and loves to cook!!I like someone who can be sarcastic like me, and have a positive outlook on life, and be career driven, and not a heavy drinker!!I
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Cycling, Football, Golf, Hockey, Inline skating, Other types of exercise, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish
I like Horses
I have a black Schnauzer named Romeo, and a Golden doodle named Stanley..
Middle of the Road
I try to travel to one of these places at least one time per year.. Acapulco, Caribbean, or Florida.. I love to water ski, deep sea fish,, snorkeling. I enjoy coffee, so hang at Starbucks, and enjoy a good steak at Wildfire and there yummy martinis.
Illinois State University, Normal, IL
I enjoy being outdoors, watching sporting events! Hawks are my FAV!! Enjoy my friends and drinking a good bottle of wine. My passion is playing softball, and coaching my daughters team.I love taking my dogs on hiking trips and exploring nature
I enjoy the summer, and the outdoors .Beach, rollerblading, tennis, cycling,hiking with my dogs. I go to the gym about 2X a week to weight train,and love softball. I play on a coed team in the summer. I love my hot tub, and having small get togethers
Heaven and back, and I read the Chicago Tribune on Sundays..
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'2" (187cms)
|Body type:
|About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Architecture / Interior design
I am currently working at my families Real Estate Appraisal office part time
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (3)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
I am half Polish/Italian. I was raised mostly in the Italian culture though: )
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic
I was raised catholic,and went to Catholic schools,but I am more spiritual than religious.
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Associates degree, Bachelors degree
I am currently in the process of a divorce, and my ex is not in the picture at all. Drama free!!!


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Nissan Micra: Parking
Micra with parking sensors and MP3 dock as standard.
Advertising Agency: BRUKETA&ŽINIĆ OM, Zagreb, Croatia
Creative Director: Moe Minkara
Art Director: Tomislav Jurica Kačunić
Copywriter: Daniel Vuković
Designer: Igor Miletić
Photographer: Domagoj Kunić
Published: April 2008
13 comments
hartspuelerApr 22, 2008 - 5:04
client: our new car has parking sensors.
client: our new car has parking sensors.
agency: great advantage. let's emphasise on that.
client: fair enough. but make sure you integrate the mp3 dock in the advertisment.
agency: um. what now?
client: you heard me right. and make the logo bigger.
ChuckNorrisApr 22, 2008 - 5:39
I does seem like a case of the "multi-feature stupid clientitis"


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Personal data and GPS devices
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Love to read? We do too! Here's a list of books to read over the summer.
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District 3's NJROTC program earning big accomplishments and awards from the state
Thanks to a Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) grant, the district will now offer PLTW - Project Lead The Way, the nation's leading STEM program. These new courses are available to current 6th grade students, and will be offered to all junior high and high school students next school year.
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Two former Oklahoma lawmakers facing felony bribery charges are due in an Oklahoma County courtroom to be formally bound over for trial.
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The two will be in court two days after a state appeals court upheld Alcorn's decision to dismiss conspiracy charges against the former lawmakers.
Prosecutors allege Terrill and Leftwich schemed to set Leftwich up in a state job so a colleague of Terrill's could run for her open seat in 2010.
Terrill and Leftwich deny the allegations. Bribery is punishable by up to 10 years in prison.
Hearing set in ex-Oklahoma lawmakers' bribery case
Two former Oklahoma lawmakers facing felony bribery charges are due in an Oklahoma County courtroom to be formally bound over for trial.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Posted at 07:08 AM in photowalk | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
Last Sunday, I woke up earlier than usual, got dressed, had a little bit of breakfast and off I went to the Burswood foreshore. There, I was greeted with "good mornings" and "are you ready for your run?". Everyone there was there for a reason, either to run or to provide support and cheers for the runners. It was the morning of the Perth Marathon. You can smell the exitement in the air. I was there to run my leg of my relay team (6km) and also to cheer on my friends who were running the full marathon.
I was there in time just as they were about to start the race, I saw a few familiar faces and yelled out encouragements. The count down and the bang of the start gun and they were off! I was so excited that I nearly pee my pants and I am not the one running the race even.
As the time progressed, I stood at my spot, while waiting for one of the runner in my team (he ran the half marathon leg) and cheered people along. I didn't know who they were but I offered encouragement and told them they were doing an amzing job. Everyone running the marathon had their game face on or were in the "Zone". I get it. Running a marathon is 80% mind games.
This is why I love the running community and the core of why I love running. Everyone is just so encouraging, so supportive and very helpful. I made a lot of new friends and came out of my comfort zone this past year because of these wonderful people. I am even planning to run my first Marathon in 2015 because of the support that I have from these amazing people around me. I don't think that I have had so much positiveness in my life. It is bloody amazing.
So, here I am now, thinking of my next move. My training plan to run a half marathon in October and a marathon next year. I am so scared that I could vomit, but I know what my running buddies would say, "Suck it up and just go out and enjoy your run, you can do this"! And you know what? I will!
Posted at 02:01 PM in Being Fit, Being Me, Running | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
There is no doubt that I love the River Cottage Series. I often day dream that I live in a small sustainable self sufficient farm. I would make everything from scratch. Eat what ever I got from the garden that day and get fresh chicken eggs from my chooks. One day. One day it would come true.
Until that day comes, I will just browse and look through my favourite cook book from him. River Cottage Everyday. One of my favourite recipe from this book is his 10 Minute Chocolate Chip Cookies. Perfect for days when you have cravings for something sweet.
Over the weekend, I had one of those cravings. I was craving cake, but I ran out of milk. So I made these chocolate chip cookies instead. I tweaked it a little because I didn't want it too sweet.
My ever so eager baker's apprentice helped me today. It's such an easy recipe to make with kids. I think her favourite bit was to lick the wooden spoon at the end and of course the end product.
Ten-Minute Chocolate Chip Cookies (Adapted from River Cottage)
Makes 14-16
125 unsalted butter
25g organic stiva (I use Natvia) but if you dont have it, 100g of castor sugar*
70g light brown sugar
1 medium egg
2 teaspoon vanilla extract
155g plain flour
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
pinch of seasalt
100 dark chocolate, chopped up into small chunks (you can use milk chocolate)
Posted at 09:00 AM in Food and Drink, Sponsored Posts | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
I am in a sharing mood today, so let's take a peek of what is in my day to day bag. I don't have an expensive bag, as you can see, I prefer something big enough to carry things around. :)
Bag: Colette Hayman
Now the best bit, Tadahhh.... And I wonder why my shoulder is always aching. :*) So from left to right and clockwise:
small sketch pad for the Lil' Tiger to doodle in; my day planner, very important if you run a small business and a small family; my Kate Spade wallet, gifted by a good friend; small coin pouch; wet wipes; tissues; foldable shopping bag; NYX blusher; MAC blot powder; Ecotools Brush; self inking stamp; NYX Lipstick, Revlon mascara; Lucas Pawpaw cream; small bottle of bubbles; Epipen, for the lil Tiger; Pluto; Noise maker; NYX Shine Killer; small make up pouch; small pencil case I bought from Daiso; medium sized pencil case for the Lil' Tiger's colouring pencils.
So there you have it. As you can clearly see, I share my bag. :*)
What is in your bag?
Posted at 09:42 AM in Being Me, Being Organised, Real Life | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
Lately, it has been so difficult to try to find things to blog about. A lot is happening but I just can't seem to find the words to write. Every time I sit down and write, I delete the post at the end thinking it's not going to make any sense or it's not going to be good enough, hence the silence here. But I am not about to let that stop me from blogging though.
In the future, if you see me rambling about things, just ignore me. :) It's probably me unloading what is on my mind on the blog. HAH! And with that, I leave you with this quote that is my current mantra lin life, I am currently creating and projecting the life I want to live in and I hope you are too. Shine Shine.
Posted at 09:30 AM in Being Me, Just Thinking | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
About 2 weeks ago, M and I had our very first Parent Teacher meeting. I was really looking forward to the meeting as I have not had any real feedback from her class Directress. I was also curious to know how was she progressing and adapting at Montessori "school".
A little bit about the Lil' Tiger. She is turning 4 this year, she goes into full time daycare with Montessori "school" Cycle 1 in it. She loves going to Montessori and is very happy in it. Before going to Montessori, she went to a Reggio Emilia inspired centre.
Her class Directress is amazing. You can see that she is so passionate about what she is "teaching" and really believes in the teachings. Her feedback was amazing and she keeps telling me that she can see the changes in the Lil' Tiger and how fast she is picking up things. I did tell her that I try to do Montessori style jobs at home so it flows from home to Montessori.
There are a few areas that the Directress said that the Lil' Tiger could improve on, one was her "calling" her friends from one side of the class to the other side. Oppps... I think this is partly my fault because at home, we usually "call" each other from one room to come into the other room. I think I need to work on that too. I can't really remember what the other one was but it's something small that I am not too worried about.
The LT could recognise a few letters and numbers now and I am really happy with that. She can count up to 30 without any hesitation, a major milestone for me since she only could count to 10 this time last year. She excels in her math skills, pictured above where she is making geometric paterns from wooden shapes.
I am quite happy with her progress there and I really wish I could send her to a full time Montessori school next year but, that is really out of our budget. So, in the meantime, I will still try to have Montessori jobs/activities at home.
Posted at 08:26 AM in Lil' Tiger, Montessori | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
That right there is my official parkrun Personal Best time. I run 5km in 37 minutes and 49 seconds.
Some people might think that is fast, some people might think that is slow (because they can run it in less than 20 minutes) and to me, it is a time that I need to improve. I know I can go much faster than that and I need to get it down to at least 35 minutes.
That is what I tried to do last Saturday. To run 5km under 35 minutes. Did I do it? Unfortunately, NO. I felt deflated when I got my email results. All that effort and I was off by 2 minutes. Thankfully, the running community that I am in is so supportive. I instantly got messages from my running buddies to never give up and try again the next week, and just like that I was determined again to try again. I will keep trying until one day, I will beat my own personal best. :)
I am not competitive at all, and I think that is why all my life, I have been pretty happy with what I have. I think that has to change. I need to compete with myself from time to time because I know I can do better.
So, I am putting it out there that by the end of this year, my goal is to reduce my personal best by 2 minutes. Wish me luck.
Posted at 10:00 AM in Being Fit, Running | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
I use to suffer in the name of fashion. Pre child, I use to wear really high heels and walk up and down St Georges Terrace while doing my errands. At the end of the day or my rounds, I would take my shoes off and swore never to wear them again, but I never learn. My feet would hurt so bad and I would sometimes have blisters. Ouch.
Now, I go for shoes with comfort. Sure I do not go out and run errands as much anymore but I do have to stand for a period of time for a work function. I remember the last work function I went to, I had to take my shoes off under the table because my most "comfortable" shoes was not really made for standing too long. It was only comfortable if I sit in the office.
Ziera Shoes is made for comfort. founded by podiatrist, Mervyn Adams and David Robertson, they set out to find shoes that you can actually live in and can't live without. They also made them stylish and not nanna like. Their Winter range this year have me swooning over this (pictured) gorgeous riding boots. I can never find comfortable boots and these looks very comfortable. They are quite reasonably priced too. They make other types of shoes that are comfortable too and they are really stylish. I have a few in my wishlist all ready to go. You can check out the whole range on their website.
This is a sponsored post but opinions are my own.
Posted at 09:02 PM in Sponsored Posts | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
So, this is the new me. Got a new haircut and styled it differently. Like I have said in my previous post, things are busy at the moment in my life and unfortunately, this humble blog of mine is getting neglected.
Looking back on the past ten years of blogging, yes, can you believe it it has been TEN YEARS since I have blogged (which means I have known some of my readers for 10 years but have never met), I realised that my blog has changed from me being single, to being married, to being a mom and now, dare I say it, a runner!
I have grown up a lot in the last ten years. Reading back on some of my old posts, I can not believe that I have posted and share some things in my life, but I have no regrets. It's me. Those of you who knows me in real life for a while, know that I wear my heart and emotion on my sleeves.
Which direction is it heading right now? Well, I am still a mum and I am still married, so no changes there. The only thing that might change is that I will talk a lot about positive thinking, being healthy and probably talking a lot about running. I figured if I don't, I might stop doing it and I will lose momentum and motivation. I also hope that along the way, I might even inspire some of you to go out and start running or generally just be healthy.
So posts on the blog will still have bits and pieces from my life. I am still the same person inside, just maybe now a little healthier. :)
Posted at 04:49 PM in Being Me | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)
Well that was a long break! I did not anticipate taking a long break from the blog but things, things just got away. I thought I could get away with just posting photos but that too got away from me really quick.
So what have I been up to? Working 2 jobs. One working for an employer and the other one is a small business that I have aquired. It's progressing on slowly but I like to take things slow. :)
What else? Running. I have been running heaps lately. Entering more races, one half marathon in the works in October eeekks, and training for these races.
I lost my grandma last weekend. She was my last grandparent. She will be sorely missed by some. Despite the situation, I have to say, I am happy that I went to pay my last respect. I caught up with cousins, aunties and uncles, whom I have not seen in a great while.
Life is back to normal now. Hopefully, I will find time to update this blog again. In the meantime, I am active on my instagram and my facebook page, so you can find me there. :)
Posted at 03:04 PM in Happenings | Permalink | 0 Comments | TrackBack (0)