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Tablets, PCs and Office
The whole 'tablets and PCs' discussion today reminds me a great deal of similar conversations we used to have a decade ago about 'laptop or desktop'.
That is, someone would ask a vaguely technical friend whether they should buy a laptop or a desktop. And the answer would be "well, how much money do you have and what do you want to do with it?" Laptops were portable but had smaller screens, less power and were more expensive. Which trade-off depended on how you planned to use it.
Over time that break point shifted: laptops got less expensive and much more powerful - today there are very few tasks that need the power a desktop can give, but the screen size point remains (though of course external screens are cheap). And so laptops grew to roughly half the PC market by volume. The desktop market didn't go away - mostly for screen size or cost reasons (if you're outfitting an office of 10k people, none of whom take their work out of the office, why buy laptops?)
Much the same analysis applies to tablets today - "what are you going to do with it?" Are you going to do sophisticated, complex, multi-app computing? Lots of keyboard work and detailed manipulation that a mouse is better for? Apps that are only ON a PC? Then get one (whether desktop or laptop). Mostly web, email, games, video, social networks and you're walking around all the time? A tablet might suit you very well. You probably have a PC too - there's very little actual substitution right now, but there is an impact on the PC replacement cycle (as well as expanding the pie massively, especially in emerging markets, which is another conversation).
And of course this break point will move as well, just as the laptop/desktop break point did - tablets will get faster and more sophisticated and capable of substituting more tasks. And so we should expect to see tablets taking a growing chunk out of the PC market.
(The other way to slice this is that the PC market is split very roughly half and half between consumer and corporate - corporate boxes will remain longer than consumer PCs, but there'll be erosion in both.)
Another very important lens to look at this through, though, is Microsoft Office. Office is extremely good (tautologically) at the things it's good at - there is no credible alternative to Excel for making large financial models and no credible alternative to Powerpoint for making 150-page pitch books, for example. Free alternatives nibble around the edges, and specialised use cases such as statistics have been carved out long ago, but the real threats come from use cases where you shouldn't really be using Office at all.
This 'shouldn't use' comes from both above and below. Someone said to me on Twitter (I now can't find who) that their consulting business spent half its time telling people to stop using Excel and use a database and the other half telling people to to stop using a database and use Excel. That is, Excel is used as a business information system in a huge number of companies. It's a powerful and flexible IDE on its own terms, and this is sometimes a good use, but it often isn't, and specialized SAAS services will probably carve out an increasing number of these use cases. When I worked at Orange there was a multi-megabyte Excel file on the network drive called, I believe, 'sum_of_x.xls' containing complex macros and every major operating metric for the entire company, there for anyone who needed to analyze high-level data. That should probably not, really, be in Excel today.
The same applies to Powerpoint - it's a very good tool for that 150 slide deck, but what if you're making a 10-slide deck each week that consists entirely of operating metrics pulled out of a back-end system, manipulated in Excel and pasted into slides, plus commentary, that are emailed to 25 people? Shouldn't that change from a 2 hour task to a SAAS dashboard and a 30-second task? And would it still need a mouse and keyboard?
(This point also bears on the future of email itself, but that's another topic.)
This carving out comes from below, too. One of these is the Google Docs story, about there can be much debate, but to me the interesting challenge is embodied by this screenshot - the 'new file' menu in Excel.
How many of these are actually smartphone or tablet apps providing custom lists or databases? Or Mint (another SAAS)? How many presentation templates might also be something like Storehouse?
This is, of course, all about unbundling and specialisation. Office apps (generically) are very broad and deep and general purpose. Critics tend to focus on the depth and talk about how few people need all those features, but miss the breadth - of how many things a general purpose 'table' app or 'make pages' app can be used for (including what look to technical people like misuses - the classic example being the person who pastes a screenshot into a Word document and emails that). I'd suggest that a meaningful proportion of Excel use doesn't involve formulas, for example, just lists and tables and page layout - IDE as DTP. New routes to market and new interaction models provide new ways to challenge that hegemonic interaction model, just as smartphones allow the unbundling of Facebook's interaction models - SAAS changes Office and so do app stores.
This brings us back to the mouse and keyboard that you 'need for real work', as the phrase goes. Yes, you really do need them to make a financial model. And you need them to make an operating metrics summary - in Excel and Powerpoint. But is that, really, what you need to be doing to achieve the underlying business purpose? Very few people's job is literally 'make Excel files'. And what if you spend the other 90% of your time on the road meeting clients and replying to emails? Do you need a laptop, or a tablet? Do you need a tablet as well as a smartphone? Or a laptop, or phablet? Or both?
Well, what do you want do with it? it's all just glass - the only real different is the size and the input mechanism that suits your task.
Apple passing Microsoft
A symbolic moment, this: in Q4 2013 the number of computers* sold by Apple was larger than the number of Windows PC sold globally. If you add Windows Phone to the mix they're more or less exactly equal.
This is a pretty good illustration of the scale of mobile: Apple limits itself only to the high end of the mobile market but still sells more units than the whole PC industry.
(*Macs, iPhones, iPod Touches and iPads)
For even great clarity, this shows just Windows PCs and iOS devices - Microsoft's old business and Apple's new one. Obviously, Apple's business is more seasonal and the iOS number will probably be lower next quarter - hence my opening line: a symbolic moment.
The comments to this post were passionate but not all that productive. It's a pretty simply point: mobile is the next computing platform and it's a lot bigger than PCs in unit sales, so even the smaller player can overtake the total PC business. It really didn't occur to me that anyone would disagree with this. I've closed comments.
Windows Mobile - one more push?
It seems pretty clear from Microsoft's messaging (including the carefully placed 'off the record briefings') that it thinks Windows Phone will work if it's given more time, more effort and more execution.
Merge the Nokia sales and marketing teams. Add enterprise features. Pay more developers to port their apps. Make better tools. Keep pushing, and pushing, and pushing, and eventually things will lift off the ground. The shift to mobile is clearly an existential threat to large parts of Microsoft's business, but unlike, say, Blackberry sales, the Windows/Enterprise nexus isn't going to collapse any time soon, so Microsoft has time to get things right. Just throttle up and head down the runway - you'll get up off the ground eventually.
This strategy reminds me of the video below. It works best with the sound turned up.
Given that Windows Phone 8 is effectively the second version since the post-iPhone reboot, you could even invoke the old rule of thumb that Microsoft takes three attempts before it wins. So just keep pushing and you'll do… OK. The Nokia takeover document proposes a 15% smartphone market share target, which is respectable, though hardly victory and a long way from classic Ballmerian bombast.
The problem with this narrative, though, is that the problems with Windows Phone will not be fixed by product quality, execution, perseverance or capital. Nor can Microsoft count on the market leaders screwing up, which often helped out in the past. Rather, Microsoft is now on the wrong side of precisely the same dynamic that came close to killing Apple 20 years ago: developers are not choosing it.
By the end of the year there will be perhaps 1.1bn Android phones in use, and around 300m iPhones. And perhaps 50m Windows Phones. That's a very quick decision for most developers, and that trajectory is not changing. Can Microsoft brute-force its way through this? Perhaps. But it seems unlikely.
This prompts the question of what else Microsoft might do. In any discussion of fundamental strategy it's helpful to recall an observation by Santayana: 'Fanaticism consists of redoubling your efforts when you have forgotten your aim.' What is Microsoft's aim? Is it to sell lots of Windows Phones? Is it to extend the generation-old strategy of 'Windows Everywhere' to mobile? Or is it to be a vital, important and relevant platform and applications company?
Arguably, Windows Phone is just a tactic, and a failing one at that. Microsoft, like Nokia in 2010, should move from denial to acceptance and work out what comes next.
Marc Andreessen famously declared that the web would reduce Windows to "a poorly debugged set of device drivers" (a good example of climbing out of the Trojan Horse before you're inside the city). But how far down the device stack does Microsoft really need to go? 60% of revenue, after all, comes from enterprise and business services. Does Microsoft need to make the device drivers on a phone? The networking stack? The power management stack? It might like to, but does it need to?
It seems to me that a new Microsoft CEO must at least consider turning Android into a stack of poorly debugged device drivers. After all, Google has stolen Microsoft's natural place in mobile: it is Android that fills the role taken by Windows in the PC world. There is no free slot in the 'poorly debugged device driver' game. But there is a very big one in providing a stable, secure ecosystem, in providing a managed environment for enterprise, in corporate messaging, and in putting corporate documents onto mobile, on whatever platform. And even, perhaps, in providing a polished, safe consumer Android experience. Right now Microsoft is leaving all of that vacant. This screenshot, from a friend at a very big fund management company, is pretty damning. He's organised all his apps by ecosystem - compare Google and Good with Microsoft. Microsoft should not have allowed this to happen.
What if Microsoft were to do what Amazon has done to Android? Make a suite of services for mobile, ranging from sandboxed apps for iOS to a complete ROM for Android, and everything in between. Buy Cyanogen and Good. Make its own launcher, UI and app store? Above all, put Office and Exchange on the iPad.
Once you start down this route the possibilities iterate almost indefinitely. But they all start from Microsoft being on a platform that people will buy and developers code for. Once it arrives there, all the rest of Microsoft's still-remaining strengths might be brought to bear. But if it sticks with wanting to own the kernel then it may end up like the peasant in Molière who dug a ditch around his house and called himself Monsieur de l'Isle.
Further reading:
Microsoft and Nokia
It's been very clear that for some time that Windows Phone was not working. It isn't failing, exactly - sales are drifting slowly upwards and it's ahead of Blackberry in some markets (as though that was an achievement), but it sold 20-25m units in the last 12 months where Android sold 430m or so (and perhaps another 150m in China) and the iPhone 143m. It's irrelevant in the scope of the industry, and for Microsoft that counts as failure. For Nokia, meanwhile, simple finance was an issue: Microsoft's announcement says that operating break-even is 50m units, a long way off at current growth rates. So, something had to change.
There's lots of detail in the transaction structure to pick over. Why is Nokia licensing the brand instead of selling it when it has no consumer-facing business? Why isn't Microsoft buying Here, the location platform? Why are the patents licensed instead of sold? Why did Microsoft take on the featurephone business?
I have thoughts on some of these, but they're not really important. What matters is what happens next.
My initial reaction, like many, was that this changes nothing. Windows Phone is failing because of a classic vicious circle: consumers will not buy it because it has very few apps, and developers will not target it because very few consumers own one. There may be 20-30m Windows Phones in use, but there are 250m iPhones and over 900m Android phones out there. As a developer, any investment you make in Windows Phone is investment you're not making in iOS or Android, and that opportunity cost delta is huge. There are other issues (distribution and sales commissions most obviously) but those are secondary: the ecosystem itself is sub-scale and that is self-perpetuating.
So, the acquisition solves Nokia's problem (running out of cash) and hence is a tactical move by Microsoft: it prevents the only significant Windows Phone OEM from exiting the market. It is possible that Nokia threatened to switch to Android otherwise (the relevant contracts are getting close to renewal), rather as Motorola threatened to sue other Android OEMs before Google bought it.
But ownership by Microsoft will not of itself change the sales of Windows Phones. If anything, it will decrease them, since it prompts other OEMs to give up on it entirely. It will not make more developers make Windows Phone apps or more consumers buy the devices. And it does little or nothing for Windows on tablets. Something else needs to change.
Microsoft IS going through a fundamental strategic change. Steve Ballmer is leaving - possibly pushed out. It is moving from a business line to a functional structure, and reorganising to become a devices and services company. The (misfired) Surface was one step towards devices, but owning a handset manufacturer is a much bigger one.
Suppose, for the sake of argument, that Microsoft does make a significant change in strategy - something that would give it a much better chance to become relevant in mobile. Owning Nokia - both the featurephone and smartphone parts - might well be part of that.
That is, is this a doubling down on the existing, failing strategy, or a foundation for a new one?
PCs and smartphones: the long view
A good chart is worth a thousand words.
Steve Ballmer's failure
There's an old saying in British politics that all political careers end in failure. That applies, I think, to Steve Ballmer. In some ways he did a superb job in the last 30-odd years. But he leaves with Microsoft irrelevant in the new paradigm of the tech industry, mobile.
(I wrote a post looking in more detail at Microsoft's irrelevance here.)
No more Mr Monkey Boy
In memoriam.
The irrelevance of Microsoft
Quarterly numbers are all well and good, but sometimes it takes a really long-term chart to see what's going on. This one shows unit sales and average selling prices of PCs (including Macs, not that it matters) since 1995, the year Microsoft sealed its victory with Windows 95.
This is really a classic illustration of the demand curve; falling prices and rapid growth in unit volumes, mainly driven by the growth of the PC internet. And, of course, the dip downwards in the last few quarters. The contrast with the exploding sales of the new wave of mobile UNIX devices is pretty obvious.
The practical effect of this is that Microsoft's share of connected devices sales (in effect, PCs plus iOS and Android) has collapsed from over 90% in 2009 to under a quarter today.
Just as overnight success can take a lifetime, so overnight collapse can also take a long time. There are founders creating companies today who weren't born when people were still actually scared of big bad 'Micro$oft'. It stopped setting the agenda 18 years ago. Windows 95 was the moment of victory, but was also the peak: it came just at the moment that the Internet started taking off, and Microsoft was never a relevant force on the internet despite investing tens of billions of dollars.
But you needed a PC to use the internet, and for almost everyone that PC ran Windows, so Microsoft's failure to create successful online services didn't seem to matter. Microsoft survived and thrived in the PC internet era, despite appearing to be irrelevant, by milking its victory in the previous phase of the technology industry. PC sales were 59m units in 1995 and rose to over 350m in 2012. Of course, that's now coming to an end.
Though it looks like we've passed the tipping point, this process isn't going to be over quickly. PC sales aren't going to zero this year. But the replacement cycle, already at 5 years, will lengthen further and further, more and more apps will move to mobile or the cloud, and for many people the PC will end up like the printer or fax - vestigial reminders of an older way of doing things. Microsoft may yet manage to turn Windows tablets and phones into products with meaningful market share, but it will never be dominant again.
A few commentators seem to think I'm ignoring (or just don't know about) Microsoft's enterprise and games businesses. That isn't the point. Those are perfectly good businesses, but they don't set the agenda. They don't drive the future of the consumer technology world. No-one's afraid of them.
Apple closing on Microsoft
In Q4, Apple sold 75m iOS devices and 4.1m Macs. Most estimates of total PC (including Mac) sales in the same period were around 90m.
In other words, Apple is now (in peak quarters) selling as many computing devices as Windows. This trend is not going to change.
Almost as interesting as this milestone is how, well, boring and predictable it feels. That war was over a long time ago.


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Creative co-op marketplace is expanding to the Baltimore and Washington D.C. area.
After testing with more than 700 members in the Central Pennsylvania area, the creative co-op marketplace, "The Usic" is ready to expand to the Baltimore and Washington D.C. area. For the last several months The Usic has been helping Creatives and Artists get paid for doing what they love in Central PA area and are planning to do the same for these major metros.
The Usic has been described as an Angie's list-meets-eBay-meets-Living Social for a new generation of traditionally and self-taught artists and creatives. The site spends its marketing dollars to help these creatives find more customers – and then processes the transactions directly on the site. After the service sells, the Usic helps the purchaser and the seller cross-promote each other to their social networks so both parties receive the benefits of a built-in referral based advertising channel.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Armenian Apostolic Church (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, Hayasdaneaytz Arakelagan Yegeghetzi) is the world's oldest national church and one of the most ancient Christian communities.
The official name of the church is the One Holy Universal Apostolic Orthodox Armenian Church . It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Apostolic Church or the Gregorian Church, however the latter name is not preferred by the church, as it views the Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus as the founders, and St. Gregory the Illuminator as merely the first official head of the church.
Various legends tie the origin of the Armenian church to the apostles. Apostolic succession is an important concept for many churches, especially those in the east. The legend of the healing of Abgar V of Edessa by the facecloth of Jesus has been appropriated by the Armenian church by claiming that Abgar was a prince of Armenia. The more common tradition claims that Thaddeus, one of the Seventy Apostles was sent to Armenia from nearby Edessa by Abgar (uncle of King Sanatrook of Armenia) to evangelize. The details of the story vary widely, but in all stories Thaddeus converted Sandookdht the king's daughter. In some versions Sanatrook was also converted, but later apostasized. In other versions, he was never converted, but was always hostile to Christianity. In any case, Sanatrook martyred both Thaddeus and Sandookdht. Some versions have the apostle Bartholomew arriving in Armenia about the same time to also be martyred. Though these stories are considered historically questionable by modern scholars, the church in Armenia had to have begun early as persecutions against Christians in 110, 230, and 287 were recorded by outside writers Eusebius and Tertullian.
The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion when St. Gregory the Illuminator converted King Tiridates III and members of his court, an event traditionally dated to 301 A.D. (after Mikayel Chamchian 1784). Gregory, trained and ordained in Christianity at Caesarea returned to his native land to preach about 287, the same time that Tiridates III took the throne. Tiridates owed his position to the Roman Emperor Diocletian, a noted persecutor of Christianity. In addition, he became aware that Gregory was a son of Anak, the man who assassinated his father. Consequently Tiridates imprisoned Gregory in an underground pit, called Khor Virap, for 13 years. In 301, 37 Christian virgins, fleeing Roman persecution, came to Armenia. Tiridates desired one of them, Rhipsime, to be his wife, but she turned him down. In a rage, he martyred the whole group of them. Soon afterward, according to legend, God struck him with an illness that left him crawling around like a beast. The story is reminiscent of Nebudchadnezzar in Daniel 4. Xosroviduxt, the king's sister, had a dream in which she was told that the persecution of Christians must stop. She related this to Tiridates, who released Gregory from prison. Gregory then healed Tiridates and converted him to Christianity. Tiridates immediately declared Armenia to be a Christian nation, becoming the first official Christian state.
Tiridates declared Gregory to be the first Catholicos of the church and sent him to Caesarea to be consecrated. Upon his return, Gregory tore down idol centers, built churches and monasteries, and ordained hundreds of priests and bishops. While meditating in the old capital city of Vagharshapat, Gregory had a vision of Christ coming down to the earth to strike it with a hammer. From the spot rose a great Christian temple with a huge cross. He was convinced that God wanted him to build the main Armenian church there. With the king's help, he did so, along the lines of what he saw in the vision at the spot he saw the hammer strike. He renamed the city Etchmiadzin which means "the place of the descent of the only-begotten".
Initially the Armenian church participated in the larger church world. Its Catholicos was represented at the First Council of Nicea and the First Council of Constantinople. Although he could not attend the Council of Ephesus, the Catholicos Isaac Parthiev sent a message agreeing with its decisions. The Armenian church began to retreat from the larger church world in 373 when King Pap appointed the Catholicos Yusik without first sending him to Caesarea for commissioning.
Christianity was strengthened in Armenia by the translation of the Bible into the Armenian language by the Armenian theologian, monk and scholar St. Mesrob Mashtots. Until the fifth century, Armenia had its own spoken language, but not written. The Bible and liturgy were in Greek. The Catholicos Sahak commissioned Mesrob to create an Armenian alphabet, which he completed in 406. Subsequently the Bible and liturgy were translated into Armenian and written down in its new script. This began a cultural renaissance with the production of a host of Armenian literature.
Unlike other eastern churches, the Armenian Bible originally had 39 books in the Old Testament. What are commonly called the Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical books were not translated until the 8th century and not read in the churches until the 12th century.
Historically, the Armenian church has been referred to as monophysite by both Catholic and Orthodox theologians because it (as well as the Coptic Orthodox Church) rejected the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, which condemned monophysitism. The Armenian Church officially severed ties with Rome and Constantinople in 554, during the second Council of Dvin where the dyophysite formula of the Council of Chalcedon was rejected.
However, the Armenian Orthodox Church argues that this is an incorrect description of its position, as it considers Monophysitism, as taught by Eutyches and condemned at Chalcedon, a heresy and only disagrees with the formula defined by that council. The Armenian church instead adheres to the doctrine defined by Cyril of Alexandria, considered as a saint by the Chalcedonian churches as well, who described Christ as being of one incarnate nature, where both divine and human nature are united. To distinguish this from Eutychian and other versions of Monophysitism this position is called miaphysitism.
In recent times, both Chalcedonian and anti-Chalcedonian churches have developed a deeper understanding for each other's positions, recognizing their substantial agreement while maintaining their respective theological language. Hence, the Monophysite label is avoided when describing the Armenians' or Copts' belief regarding the Nature of Christ.
It is headed by a Catholicos (the plural is Catholicoi). Although it is traditional in Eastern churches for the supreme head of the church to be named Patriarch, in the Armenian Apostolic Church hierarchy, the position of the Catholicos is higher than that of the Patriarch. The Armenian Apostolic Church presently has two catholicoi (Karekin II and Aram I)and two patriarchs (subordinate to the Catholicos of All Armenians), plus a number of Primates, Archbishops and Bishops, lower clergy and laity serving the church.
The Catholicos of All Armenians represents the centralized authority of the Armenian Church. He is the supreme judge and the head of the legislative body. He is President of the Supreme Spiritual Council as well as the College of Bishops. Ordination of bishops, blessing of Holy Chrism, proclamation of Feasts, invitation and dismissal of National-Ecclesiastical Assemblies, issuing decrees concerning the administration of the Armenian Church and establishing dioceses are part of his responsibilities.
The National-Ecclesiastical Assembly, convened in the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, elects the Catholicos for life. The members of the Assembly are a balance of Clergy and Laity, with set numbers determined on regional population.
The Armenian Apostolic Church is one of a few apostolic churches in the world to have a democratic system; the people decide if they want to keep priests in their churches and may ask for different ones, as do some other ecclesiastical constitutions, such as Baptists and other Congregational churches.
Note that the Armenian Apostolic Church should not be confused, however, with the Armenian Catholic Church whose Patriarch-Catholicos (of the Armenian Catholic Rite) is Nerses Bedros XIX, which is an Eastern Catholic church in communion with the Holy See in Rome.
The Armenian Apostolic Church is divided into two Holy Sees, with the Catholicos of All Armenians residing in Echmiadzin, Armenia, having pre-eminent supremacy in all spiritual matters over the Holy See of Cilicia, located in Antelias, Lebanon, which administers to the Dioceses under their jurisdiction as they see fit. The two Holy Sees are as follows:
The Supreme Spiritual and Administrative leader of the Armenian Church is Karekin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians, who is the worldwide spiritual leader of the Nation, for Armenians both in Armenia and dispersed throughout the world. He is Chief Shepherd and Pontiff to 9,000,000 Armenian faithful. The spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church, the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, located in the city of Vagharshapat, Republic of Armenia, was established in 301 AD
The Armenian Church has changed and developed to meet the needs of the faithful over her 1700 year history. Administratively, great care has been taken to be inclusive of a wide cross-section of the faithful. Both clergy and lay are involved in today's administrative structure of the Church. Led by Karekin II, the spiritual and administrative work of the Armenian Church is carried out in the Republic of Armenia in the areas of Religion, Preparation of Clergy, Christian Education, Construction of new Churches, Social Services, and Ecumenical activities. Underneath this administrative structure are the hierarchal Sees:
The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia located in Antelias, Lebanon, is a regional See with current jurisdiction of the Dioceses of Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus as temporarily granted to her by the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem in 1929, led by Catholicos Aram I.
The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem which has jurisdiction over all of the Holy Lands and the Diocese of Jordan, led by Archbishop Torgom Manoogian.
The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople and All of Turkey, which has jurisdiction in the modern day Republic of Turkey led by Archbishop Mesrob Mutafyan.
The three historic aforementioned hierarchal sees administer to the Dioceses under their jurisdiction as they see fit, however, the supremacy of the Catholicosate of All Armenians in all spiritual matters remains pre-eminent.
The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia located in Antelias, Lebanon, is a regional See with current jurisdiction of the Dioceses of Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus as temporarily granted to her by the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem in 1929, led by Catholicos Aram I; and with Prelacies under its continuing jurisdiction within the United States.
The divisions of the two Catholicossates stem from frequent relocations of the Church headquarters under Ottoman Rule. The schism was further reinforced during the period in which Armenia was part of the Soviet Union when various churches affiliated with one of the two Holy Sees of the church. Despite efforts of reunion, the division continues to date, although significantly, in the nineties, the same individual, Karekin II Catholicos of Cilicia for the period 1983-1994, was elected, upon the death of Vazgen I as new Catholicoss of All Armenians in 1995 becoming Karekin I Catholicoss of All Armenians residing in Echmiadzin and serving as Supreme head of the church until 1999, he was not able to unite the two Catholicossates.
The Armenian Apostolic Church also has two Patriarchates of high authority both under the jurisdiction of Catholicos of All Armenians. They are:
Armenian priests below the rank of bishop are allowed to be married before ordination and their descendants' surnames are prepended with the prefix "Ter" (or "Der" in Western Armenian), meaning "Lord", to indicate their lineage.
The Armenian presence in Israel is primarily to be found in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem and, in particular, in association with the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Also of particular importance are the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in Turkey and the Armenian Apostolic Church of Iran (see also Christians in Iran). These churches represent the largest Christian ethnic minority in both of these predominantly Muslim countries, Turkey and Iran.
Apostolic Churches in Asia


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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
By Matthew Chapman, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Tuesday, 19 June 2012 01:40PM
Walgreens is paying $6.7bn (£4.3bn) in cash and stock in exchange for a 45% stake in Alliance Boots, valuing the whole company at $16.2bn (£10.3bn).
The deal comes six years after the 163 year-old British pharmacy brand agreed a £7bn merger with European wholesale and retail pharmacy business Alliance UniChem to create Alliance Boots.
According to Alliance Boots, the pharmacy-led retail and wholesale businesses of both companies will continue to operate under their current brand names, but when Walgreens is given the option to acquire the remaining 55% in approximately three years the name of the combined entity will be reviewed.
A spokeswoman said the companies "might choose a new name" for a combined entity, but added any new name would aim to "reflect the heritages of both companies".
Walgreens also owns the US-based Duane Reade pharmacy chain. Together it and Alliance Boots operate 11,000 stores in 12 countries and would be the world's largest purchaser of prescription drugs and other health and wellbeing products.
The US-based company will introduce Boots product brands including No7, Botanics and Boots Laboratories to its Walgreens and Duane Reade stores.
Duane Reade own-brand products including moisturisers are set to be introduced into Boots stores.
Both companies will also share best practices, particularly in pharmacy operations, health and wellness services and logistics.
There are no plans for job reductions at either Walgreens and Alliance Boots because of their "complementary geographic footprints", while Walgreens will remain headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois, and Alliance Boots will keep its operational hub in Nottingham.
Stefano Pessina, executive chairman of Alliance Boots, said: "The fit is natural, Walgreens consumer profile in the US is similar to Boots in the UK in many ways: a trusted and much-loved pharmacy brand with a strong heritage.
"Our pharmaceutical wholesale businesses will provide their logistics know-how to Walgreens and are well placed to be one of the growth engines of the new enterprise."
Upon the completion of Walgreens' initial investment in Alliance Boots, which is due for 1 September, the management teams at both companies will sit on each other's boards.
Gregory Wasson, president and chief executive at Walgreens, Wade Miquelon, executive vice president and CFO, Thomas Sabatino, executive vice president and general counsel, and Robert Zimmerman, senior vice president and chief strategy officer, will join the Alliance Boots board of directors.
Pessina and Dominic Murphy, director and member of Alliance Boots private equity investor KKR, will join the Walgreens board of directors.
Follow Matthew Chapman at @mattchapmanUK
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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Agency: Grey London
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Because of the risk of sudden death, it
is important for people who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to avoid too much
strenuous activity and intense exercise. Sudden death in people who have
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can occur during or just after strenuous physical
activity. Talk to your doctor about what level of exercise and what kinds of
activities are safe. Because dehydration can also make symptoms in people
with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy worse, prolonged activity in hot weather is not
The following self-care is also
Follow your doctor's recommendations for regular exams to
monitor your condition.
Because some people who have hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy may be at increased risk for sudden death, it is a good idea for
family members to learn CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
Last Revised:
July 23, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology & George Philippides, MD - Cardiology
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text:
Niklas Hjalmarsson, Sean O'Donnell look to rebound in Game 2Continue reading.
Niklas Hjalmarsson speaks: 'It was pretty scary once it happened. I guess I was pretty lucky'
For Blackhawks defenseman Niklas Hjalmarsson, it was not just another blocked shot.
"It was pretty scary once it happened. It was tough to breathe for a couple minutes," said Hjalmarsson, speaking publicly Monday for the first time since he suffered the injury in Game 2 against the Minnesota Wild on May 4 at the United Center. "I was just glad I recovered quickly. Once I figured out that I'm able to breathe, it was a big relief.
"I guess I was pretty lucky and I'm just glad I'm able to talk again and can't wait to get rid of that neck guard that I'm still wearing."
WATCH: Niklas Hjalmarsson hist in throat with puck
Hjalmarsson, who almost always skates off the various injuries he suffers after blocking shots, did not miss a shift after he was hit in the throat by a shot from the point by Wild defenseman Jonas Brodin. But he was told by doctors not to speak, which was problematic on the ice, especially with defense partner Johnny Oduya.
"The doctor just told me, 'You shouldn't talk for two weeks,' " Hjalmarsson said. "' You should let it rest. Don't talk unless it makes you money.'"
He said he was cleared Monday to talk.
"It was pretty tough in the beginning," he said. "I'm a guy that usually talks a lot on the ice, especially with my [defense] partner — screaming at him and screaming at my teammates sometimes, too. I think for some of the forwards were pretty happy with me not being able to talk for some time.
"As far as Johnny O, I think he's pretty happy that I can communicate again. It was a little challenge, but the playoffs — you've got to play through some injuries every now and then. Hopefully it'll be better from now on."
Hjalmarsson has been hailed as a warrior for his ability to shake off the impact of so many blocked shots without missing a shift. But he doesn't think it's all that heroic.
"I don't think it's a special skill," he said. "A special skill is like Kaner [Patrick Kane], who can score special goals that only he can. And Tazer [Jonathan Toews]. Shot-blocking — every single guy on the team can do that.
"You just have to get in front of the shooting lane. It's just a matter of desperation and trying to do everything you can to prevent the other team from scoring goals. Every guy in the league can block a shot if they want to."


text:
EVU Congress 99 News
|There is great interest and many people have already registered for the EVU Congress in July '99 in Widnau/ Switzerland.
The Congress Site
Speakers update: I am glad to tell you that Dr. Hans Diehl (Enthusiastic lecturer at the IVU congress 94, The Hague) will attend the congress together with his wife. There is also the confirmation of Seargent Sherry Schlueter, vegan, sporty and attractive head of an entire police detective unit in Florida, called the 'animal friendly force'. She will report about her experiences with animal abusers. Dr. Bernd Wirsam, Germany will lecture on optimised food. With modern mathematics (fuzzy logic) and modern technology state institutions work out their recommendations. Dr. Wirsam, vegetarian, is a computer specialist and a software producer.
TEVA (Tutmonda Esperantista Vegetarana Asocio) offers every interested person a free course of basic ESPERANTO during the congress. Why not take advantage of such a generous offer? Maybe the language problems would diminish if all of us could understand and speak some ESPERANTO.
Please have a look at the congress site http://www.euroveg.eu/evu/eurocong99 where you will find all updated information about the EVU Congress Widnau '99 or ask for flyer and registration form at:
EVU secretariat
Bluetschwitzerweg 5
9443 Widnau
Tel/Fax: +41 71 722 64 45
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
The race for the Connecticut Senate seat has turned into a remarkably close contest. The latest PPP poll finds that Democrat Rep. Chris Murphy holds only a four point lead over Republican Linda McMahon. McMahon is best known for being president of World Wrestling Entertainment, where she made her personal fortune.
Connecticut Senate
Chris Murphy 48%
Linda McMahon 44%
Undecided 8%
This is better news for Murphy than the Quinnipiac poll from earlier this week which found McMahon leading with 49 percent to Murphy at 46 percent, but still not good news. The race is far closer than it should be in such a Democratic heavy state during a Presidential election year. In the 2010 Senate race, McMahon lost by 11 points to Richard Blumenthal despite it being a very good year for Republicans. It appears, though, that she learned from the experience and is running a better campaign this second time around.
While Connecticut had once looked like a lock for Democrats, this new poll confirms there is a real race in a state that Democrats could potentially lose. The closeness of the race may force national Democrats to start spending limited resources on behalf of Murphy. National Republicans, on the other hand, can count on McMahon self-funding from her large personal fortune. She has already significantly outspent Murphy thus far.


text:
Book Search
1-1 of 1 results for Author: tsang sing chan (sorted by Publication Date, showing all)
Consumer Behavior in Asia
Issues and Marketing Practice
Understand the Asian consumer's demands and effective marketing strategies! The emergence of China as a viable consumer market has created tremendous opportunities for international or multinational firms looking for market entry or expansion in China. At the same time, the evolution of the Chinese...
Published July 22nd 1999 by Routledge


text:
- Power Transmission
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A British scientist studying heart attack patients says he is finding evidence that suggests that consciousness may continue after the brain has stopped functioning and a patient is clinically dead.
The research, presented to scientists last week at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), resurrects the debate over whether there is life after death and whether there is such a thing as the human soul.
"The studies are very significant in that we have a group of people with no brain function … who have well-structured, lucid thought processes with reasoning and memory formation at a time when their brains are shown not to function," Sam Parnia, one of two doctors from Southampton General Hospital in England who have been studying so-called near-death experiences (NDEs), told Reuters in an interview.
"We need to do much larger-scale studies, but the possibility is certainly there" to suggest that consciousness, or the soul, keeps thinking and reasoning even if a person's heart has stopped, he is not breathing and his brain activity is nil, Parnia said.
Promising Data, Say Researchers
He said he and colleagues conducted an initial yearlong study, the results of which appeared in the February issue of the journal Resuscitation. The study was so promising the doctors formed a foundation to fund further research and continue collecting data.
During the initial study, Parnia said, 63 heart attack patients who were deemed clinically dead but were later revived were interviewed within a week of their experiences.
Of those, 56 said they had no recollection of the time they were unconscious and seven reported having memories. Of those, four were labeled NDEs in that they reported lucid memories of thinking, reasoning, moving about and communicating with others after doctors determined their brains were not functioning.
Among other things, the patients reported remembering feelings of peace, joy and harmony. For some, time sped up, senses heightened and they lost awareness of their bodies.
The patients also reported seeing a bright light, entering another realm and communicating with dead relatives. One, who called himself a lapsed Catholic and Pagan, reported a close encounter with a mystical being.
Near-death experiences have been reported for centuries but in Parnia's study none of the patients were found to have received low oxygen levels, which some skeptics believe may contribute to the phenomenon.
When the brain is deprived of oxygen people become totally confused, thrash around and usually have no memories at all, Parnia said. "Here you have a severe insult to the brain but perfect memory."
Skeptics Give Other Explanations
Skeptics have also suggested that patients' memories occurred in the moments they were leaving or returning to consciousness. But Parnia said when a brain is traumatized by a seizure or car wreck a patient generally does not remember moments just before or after losing consciousness.
Rather, there is usually a memory lapse of hours or days. "Talk to them. They'll tell you something like: 'I just remember seeing the car and the next thing I knew I was in the hospital,"' he said.
"With cardiac arrest, the insult to the brain is so severe it stops the brain completely. Therefore, I would expect profound memory loss before and after the incident," he added.


text: Hi, FC3 Tyan Tiger Dual AMD Adaptec Firewire Controler CoolDrives Dual Master two bay hotswap enclosure with the Initio bridge I've given firewire a fair shake. With my hardware it is unreliable. SBP2 is forever spiting out error messages. Hotswap events hang the SCSI bus and force power cycling. Has anyone used or got opinions on IDE to SCSI convertors? Here's a link to what I'm looking at http://www.addonics.com/news/media/2002/100202cnet.asp I intend to modify the Cooldrives enclosure by removing the firewire bridges and replacing them with the SCSI convertors. I'll run the enclosure off one channel of my ICP Vortex GDT8543RZ four channel RAID controler. I expect grey skies to turn blue, bankers to offer low interest loans and tickets for sporting events. It's to much to expect a social life so I'll reserve some optimism. Am I an idiot? ron ____________________________________________________ Yahoo! Sports Rekindle the Rivalries. Sign up for Fantasy Football http://football.fantasysports.yahoo.com


text:
Documents Reveal Secrets of CIA Rendition Program
Follow @azmatzahraSeptember 1, 2011, 4:00 pm ET
A billing dispute between contractors in an upstate New York courthouse has revealed documents detailing sensitive information about the CIA's controversial rendition program.
The CIA program — in which the agency captures and flies terror suspects for interrogation at covert prison sites in countries like Egypt, Syria and Morocco — has long been shrouded in secrecy.
But now documents from a trial in Columbia County provide rare details about the costs — tens of millions of dollars — and operations of the program, including sensitive material like the plane's logs of air-to-ground phone calls. In one instance, the rendition of a terror suspect cost almost $340,000.
The records offer a new trail for the movements of prominent terror suspects "who vanished into the CIA 'black site' prisons." They also reveal the extent to which private companies — like the contractor DynCorp — have been involved in the program.
Cory Crider, the legal director of the London-based charity Reprieve, which alerted the Washington Post, the Associated Press and the Guardian to the court records, told the Post,
Though the CIA's secret interrogation program has been closed under the Obama administration, rendition continues in certain circumstances. (Related: A former top CIA official tells FRONTLINE in an exclusive interview that very few CIA programs have changed under Obama.) Critics of rendition say torture was routine during the interrogations.
Bonus Video: Extraordinary Rendition: In this 2007 FRONTLINE/World film, correspondent Stephen Grey investigates the CIA's secret rendition program and maps its network of "black sites."
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text:
The original five nuclear powers (the US, UK, France and the former Soviet Union) attempted to control proliferation, but were criticised for increasing their own arsenals at the same time. Following controversy, the US "bunker busting nuke" intended as a first-strike weapon against non-nuclear states, was eventually cancelled.
Now there are nine nuclear powers and there is concern over government secrecy regarding atomic tests and safe transport of warheads. Adding to that worry is the growing threat of "rogue states", like North Korea, and terrorists.
There are also chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. US authorities believe that Gulf war syndrome was caused by low-level exposure to chemicals during the 1991 war, but this remains controversial. Poison gases may also have damaged 30,000 British servicemen they were tested on prior to 1989. They are now banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty.
The threat of biological weapons remains. Although Saddam Hussein may never have possessed them, the US embarked on a programme to produce quantities of anthrax as a countermeasure.
History of war
Warfare is an integral part of human history and has been behind the rise and fall of many civilisations, from the Mayans to the Romans. Archaeologists have found evidence of ancient conflicts everywhere, from Mexico to Mesopotamia. More unusual finds are military propaganda from the days of the Pharaohs and the DNA trail left by marauding Vikings .
Religious disputes have been at the root of many historic conflicts - and some modern ones, in Israel and India, for example.
Chemistry has been tied up with warfare since the creation of gunpowder, and even peaceful chemical processes can be turned to making explosives. Defoliants were intended to harmlessly deprive guerillas of cover, but had longer term effects. Science generally has often been focused on military efforts, with 40% of all research output focused on weapons technology during the cold war.
Technology has often featured in attempts to mitigate the effects of weapons, from the original bullet-proof vest of 1893, to modern plans to protect airlines from surface-to-air missiles with microwaves; from providing electromagnetic armour for tanks to stopping torpedoes with pulses of sound.
More often the aim is to develop an unstoppable super-weapon, from a gigantic raft to carry Napoleon's invasion force, to today's centrifugal gun, which fires silent barrages of ball bearings, to burning bullets.
Expect the unexpected
Better camouflage, and even invisibility, are popular research avenues, and there have also been exotic ideas for radar invisibility. Though these are invariably matched with equally imaginative countermeasures.
Since the 1950s many of the strangest-seeming ideas have been sponsored by DARPA, the US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, who have recently backed remote-controlled sharks and rats as well as the robot world's "wacky races". But DARPA did also lay the foundations for the Internet, which now allows everyone to look at the latest plans for secret weapons.
Even the experts are startled by the ability of weapons technologists to produce results. "The bomb will never go off. I speak as an expert in explosives" US Admiral William Leahy declared before the Trinity test of the first atomic bomb.
Where will the next big breakthrough in military technology be? It might be in more super-explosives, micro-power generators, nanotechnology or quantum computing. But it may equally well be something completely unexpected...
Despite so much conflict, the biological roots of human violence remain elusive.
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.


text:
Coach Tomlin on Mendenhall suspensionDecember 12, 2012 by Teresa Varley
Steelers' running back Rashard Mendenhall was suspended for this week's game against the Dallas Cowboys and on Wednesday Coach Mike Tomlin addressed the suspension. Tomlin spoke about the suspension after practice, stating that Mendenhall did not attend the Steelers-Chargers game at Heinz Field last Sunday, but did not field any questions.
"Last Sunday, he was not at the game," said Tomlin. "I deemed those actions a detriment to our efforts. I stated as such when I met with him that there were going to be repercussions with it. It was a good visit. He accepted it. He looks forward to coming back and rejoining his team on Monday and being a positive contributor to our efforts the rest of the way.
"Obviously there is frustration with his situation, understandably. But we all have a job to do. I require that all guys remain professional regardless of personal circumstances. He didn't meet the standard in that regard, and he accepted the consequences of it. Hopefully this will be a lesson learned, not only for him but for everyone, and we will be able to move on from it. Right now, our focus is on the guys that are here and their preparation in an effort to pursue victory this weekend."
Mendenhall was inactive for Ravens and Chargers games, and will not play for the third straight week because of the suspension.


text:
Did you order it ...
Tue Jan 05 21:57:03 EST 2010
Did you order it from Pyramyd Air? Thank you Pyramyd Air Team
By pyramydairsoft
Can I put a lipo in ...
Wed Jun 23 16:19:43 EDT 2010
Can I put a lipo in this thing?
By Leprechaun79
@xxXfanosXxx ...
Thu Mar 03 13:05:10 EST 2011
@xxXfanosXxx Terrific - glad you like the product! With most orders, if you have your order placed by noon eastern time, we normally will have products shipped out the same day! Thanks for watching, Pyramyd Air Team
By pyramydairsoft
338.3 not 333.3
Mon Oct 11 16:12:50 EDT 2010
338.3 not 333.3
By Wade Davis
@pyramydairsoft no
Wed Jan 06 15:22:01 EST 2010
@pyramydairsoft no
By dofalaooger
I've had this gun ...
Sat Jan 05 17:07:22 EST 2013
I've had this gun since it first came out and it's still going great and it's not heavy at all
By MeKiller45
@pyramydairsoft i ...
Sat Feb 26 07:34:29 EST 2011
@pyramydairsoft i have order it from pyramid air and it came to my country and to my house in 3 days only!!! its awesome!....
By Fanos Charalambous
6:10 "They Donut" ...
Sun Mar 28 23:59:51 EDT 2010
6:10 "They Donut" Lol
By xXPsychoBeaverXx
And this is a ...
Sat Jul 21 07:47:50 EDT 2012
And this is a review show of pyramid.....air... .com lol
By Sperayomiar
is it hard to ...
Sat Jan 14 14:25:22 EST 2012
is it hard to change it to have a ris system?
By airsoftman6481
@airsoft865 ...
Wed Jun 08 14:02:49 EDT 2011
@airsoft865 Currently this rifle is priced at $255 new and $216.75 used. If you click the link within the video description, that will bring you straight to the product page for additional details and zoomed images. Thanks for watching, Pyramyd Air Team
By pyramydairsoft
@SoLGamingPs3 This ...
Fri Jun 03 09:38:41 EDT 2011
@SoLGamingPs3 This gun is about 6.5 pounds (not including any additional accessories you may add). So it is not too bad, but if you're going to be hauling it around for a while, definitely take advantage of the sling option. You would have to purchase the sling separately, but the gun is equipped with sling loops. Thanks for watching! Pyramyd Air Team
By pyramydairsoft
how much does it ...
Wed Jun 08 11:01:30 EDT 2011
how much does it cost from from ur website and does it come with a bipod?
By airsoft865
i ordered the same ...
Mon Jan 04 19:27:33 EST 2010
i ordered the same gun, but my stock is much different... can any one help me with this?
By dofalaooger
The front half of ...
Wed Dec 30 23:13:38 EST 2009
The front half of the outer barrel can be unscrewed and removed. Allowing the gun to be converted to a sort of CQB version. You can see this at 2:05 in the video. The inner barrel remains the same length. Hope that helps. Thanks for watching.
By thelostgm
very nice review? i ...
Mon Dec 21 22:17:26 EST 2009
very nice review? i am just a little confused. at airsoftgi i herd them say it was a "solid, one-piece" barrel. in this it was 2??? 5 out of 5 tho!
By steelwolf816
CheckoutSubtotal (USD):
does not include shipping and tax


text:
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The Open Fileby Life Master Mike Petersen (Zug)
Adjournments, An Outdated Practice
FIDE chess games didn't always play out to a finish in one sitting. There didn't used to be "sudden death" time controls in all FIDE games. They used to have controls that started with 40 moves in two hours but with no added time per move (there were no digital clocks). The second time control was 20 moves per hour for the rest of the game. Again, no added time, and all subsequent time controls were 20 moves per hour.Think about it. Some chess games can last up to 100 moves (maybe more). If all the time available was used during a 100-move game, it could last as long as 10 hours! Egad. Something had to be done to ameliorate the fatigue factor, so FIDE came up with the idea of postponing the game to be completed later after 5 hours of play; in others words, just about at the end of the first time control. The question then arose: how the heck can they do that in a fair way?Here is how it worked. At some point, the arbiter would come up to the players and tell them the next move shall be sealed. Whosever move it was would nod, and keep on thinking. When he decided upon his move, he would NOT play it on the board. He would stop the clock, and call the arbiter over for the "sealed move envelope". He would then write down his intended move on a piece of paper and seal it in the envelope. Then the game would be stopped until a specified time, usually the next morning, but not always. The net effect was that the player who sealed the move knew his next move, but not what his opponent will play against it. The player who did not seal the move has to wait until the next day to find out his opponent's next move. Both players were therefore in the same situation. It was a fair as you could get. There was only one problem. How did they prevent someone from analyzing the game during the adjournment period? Well, they didn't. All Grandmasters at FIDE tournaments had at least one other ranked player with them whose job it was to analyze the adjourned positions and go over them with the player. But that's cheating, you might say. Yes, today it would be considered that, but not back then. There were no reliable chess engines to analyze the game to death, so a GM's "second" was a very valuable commodity. Today we look upon this practice as weird, but it was necessary back then.Once digital clocks were invented, we could alter time controls in chess games so that the whole thing could be completed in, say, six hours at the most, thus eliminating the adjournments, and the outside analysts. But, I'm from the "old school" of chess. You might think I would miss the whole adjournment process, but you'd be wrong. I don't miss it, not even for one "second."
Click here for links to Mike's other work on Chess.com
We still have quad events at a club near Trenton, NJ where "evergreen" time controls are used, and sometimes games will get ajourned. In fact, I've had adjournments on a few occasions. The time controls that we use are 40/80 and then 15/30; 15/30; etc. If games are adjourned it's either on move 55 or 70. At any rate, it is a rite or passage to endure a Rook and Pawn endgame or a difficult Rook and minor piece position under these conditions. You can't play the clock you might in a "hard bottom" time control.
While inconvient the adjournments was a great way to study endgames. I missed the old days. Still wonder how TD's were able to do pairings tabulate results by hand back in the day. Must say that not having descriptive notation is a blessing.At some point I may even upgrade to the Monroi.
Our league was 36 moves ( could be 30 sometimes ). You could be a piece up but find yourself arranging another night to finish the game. Some people never resigned until they could look at the position at home. Imagine having to give up an evening after work, travel 10 or 20 miles just to play a handful of moves. Many times people resigned after seeing the ' seeled move '. " Had you written down something else I was ok ", they say. Adjournments were at knightmare.
Nice article, history for me, memories for others
Nice article. Check out this game between Todd Bardwick and David Gliksman from the Colorado Open in 1995. It's the unofficial longest continuious Master game. No adjournments, and the game lasted 12 hours! 143 moves with a mind numbing K+R+N vs. K+R ending.
by GM Gserper
32 hours ago
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text:
Chlorine can be prepared by reacting HCl with MnO2. The reaction is represented by this equation.
MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → Cl2(g) + MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Assuming the reaction goes to completion what mass of concentrated HCl solution (36.0% HCl by mass) is needed to produce 2.50 g of Cl ?
1 Answer | Add Yours
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
`MnO_2(s) + 4HCl(aq)-> Cl_2(g) + MnCl_2(aq) + 2H_2O(l)`
So, `4*(35.5+1)=146 g` of `HCl` reacts with sufficient amount of `MnO_2` to produce `(35.5*2)=71 g` of chlorine.
In other words,
`71 g` of chlorine is obtained from `146 g` of `HCl` .
So, `2.50 g` of chlorine is obtained from `(146*2.50)/71=5.14 g` of `HCl`
In the conc. HCl solution,
`36 g` pure HCl is contained in `100 g HCl` solution.
So, `5.14 g HCl` is contained in `(100*5.14)/36=14.3 g HCl` solution.
Therefore, 14.3 g of conc. HCl solution is required to produce 2.50 g of chlorine.
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ClimateLine with built in oxygen enrichment valve for the AirSense 10 and AirCurve 10.
PR Sysyem One Heated Tube for 60 Series Philips Respironics CPAP Heated Humidifiers.
The ClimateLine™ heated tube is the key technology in ResMed's Climate Control system, exclusive to the S9™ Series. It maintains the temperature of the air delivered to the patient, allowing the Climate Control system to automatically adjust to changes in ambient conditions. The ClimateLineMAX TM supports higher bilevel pressures and delivers a constant, comfortable temperature at the mask to reduce rainout.
Heated CPAP offers initial comfort by providing humid, heated air. The problem arises when the temperature in the tube drops from the required level down to close to room temperature. This sharp drop can generate condensation in the tube, provoking discomfort, gurgling noises, water on the nose and face or pressure fluctuations.
Hybernite® resolves these unpleasant side effects by providing regular heating all along the tube. This guarantees the required temperature at the mask end and avoids any part of the tube reaching the dewpoint temperature.
Enjoy Superdays with Hybernite® With its independent power supply and compatible cuffs, you can fit Hybernite onto just about any CPAP equipment, even if it is not heated.
Light as a Feather So You Can Sleep Like a Log
Introducing the NEW SleepWeaver Feather Weight Tube from Circadiance.
Building on the success of our revolutionary SleepWeaver soft cloth nasal CPAP mask, Circadiance is proud to introduce a mask tube so lightweight and flexible; you'll hardly know it's there.
Specifically designed to fit CPAP masks with a 22-millimeter connection, the all-new SleepWeaver Feather Weight Tube gives you the full benefit of CPAP therapy so you can enjoy a deep, restorative sleep.
•Benefits include:
•»Super flex at mask connection point
•»Extends hose length by 1.5 feet
•»Use it as a quick release
The CPAP Tube Brush allows you to clean your CPAP hose completely. Anytime you have moisture in a dark, enclosed space, your chance of something growing inside increases. Especially if you use a humidifier!
Give your CPAP tubing a thorough cleaning with this custom-made tube brush.
Soft nylon bristles on a 5' galvanized stem makes it possible to gently clean the otherwise virtually impossible to reach interior.
Working from both ends, you're able to clean a 10' length of tubing.
Fits all universal (22mm bore) tubing as well as the newer 15 mm slim line tube.
The Tube Management Clip is perfect for controlling the position of either your short mask hose or your long hose. Take control of movement of your CPAP hoses and stop those disruptive breaks in the mask seal.
The ResMed Tubing Wrap with micro-fiber filling maximizes heat retention along the air tube, enhancing patient comfort and reducing the effects of rainout. Soft and smooth, the tubing wrap slides easily across the bedding, reducing drag and noise and improving the overall therapy experience. Easy to put on and remove Easy to clean Improved insulation Will not catch on bed sheets. FITS 6 FOOT TUBING (NOT INCLUDED). USE ON ANY CPAP/BiPAP MACHINE.
Also available for ResMed S9 SlimLine and Climate Control tubing.
ResMed S9 Series SlimLineTubing Wrap
Oxygen Enrichment Connector, 22mm O.D. x 22mm I.D.
SnuggleHoses are warm, soft, cozy covers for CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure machines for patients with sleep apnea) hoses and ventilator machines.
Bacterial Filter for use with all CPAP and Bi-Level machines
Non-Swivel 22mm O.D. x 22mm I.D.
Swivel, 22mm O.D. x 22mm O.D.
Pap Swivel, 22mm O.D. x 15mm I.D.
Swivel 22mm O.D. x 15mm I.D.
22MM aerosol adapter (tapered both ends). Connects corrugated tubing.
Non-Swivel 45 degree 22mm O.D. x 22mm I.D.
Whisper Swivel II, 22mm O.D. x 22mm O.D.
The Rainout Guard is the newest and most effective way to reduce the amount of condensation that builds up in your CPAP/BiPAP tubing and mask. It works with all machines, mask and tubing on the market today. Increase your time spent in deep sleep by elimination rainout with this easy to use device. Get started today!
Rainout Guard comes with a 12" tube that connects the device to your humidifier or mask. The 12" tube can be placed on either side of the rainout guard. Connect your tube to the opposite end of the Rainout Guard. Replace Rainout Guard every 3 months for better health.
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©ResMed 2010
Use of the ResMed images, and materials is
made with the permission of ResMed. ResMed owns the copyright in the
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and ResMed reserves all
rights. All services provided by SleepRestfully.com are independent
of ResMed. We only sell ResMed products to end users residing in the
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- Home >
- Custom-Stamped Metal Tags - Wording Only
Custom-Stamped Metal Tags - Wording Only
Use your own wording on our metal tags for a long-lasting message.
- Personalize tags with your specific wording.
- All tags are provided with holes for hanging or mounting.
- Custom-stamped tags feature high-contrast, black-filled characters.
- Choose from multiple sizes and three materials.
$4.79 InStock NewCondition


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Newcastle manager Chris Hughton has revealed he will have to look elsewhere to boost his ailing squad following the news that Marlon Harewood's injury is worse than first feared.
The 30-year-old striker was hurt while training with parent club Aston Villa last week, which has all but ended his hopes of a move to St James' Park. Harewood had an impressive three-month loan spell on Tyneside before Christmas where he made nine appearances and scored five goals.
Hughton told the Newcastle Chronicle: "It's a blow for us and I'm really disappointed for Marlon. He was under consideration but we'll have to look at other options now."
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.


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What is a hearing aid?
A hearing aid is a small device that can be worn behind or in the ear. It has many electronic components which amplify sounds, so that they can be heard more easily by a person with a hearing loss.
How do hearing aids work?
Hearing aids amplify sounds that cannot be heard by the person with a hearing loss. They amplify sounds based on two factors: frequency (pitch) of sound and the loudness of the sound source.
Clarity of speech is improved by increasing the loudness in certain frequency ranges. Just as hearing loss does not affect all frequencies equally, so the hearing aids must not amplify all the frequencies the same. If all sounds of all different pitches were made louder, everything would sound very noisy and distorted. Therefore, the hearing aid is programmed and adjusted for the particular type and degree of hearing loss to ensure you can hear all pitches and sounds as clearly as possible.
The loudness of the source of the sound will also influence how the hearing aid works. Hearing aids are designed to increase the volume of the soft sounds to make them more audible, but not to increase the louder sounds.
How can hearing aids help?
It is important to be aware that hearing aids do not restore hearing back to normal. They are simply an electronic device that will help you to hear better. By giving you the opportunity to hear sounds that you have not heard for a long time, hearing aids will improve your ability to communicate, thus improving your quality of life.
Hearing aids do not make things louder (or at least they should not make things louder) but rather aim to make speech clearer.
With a hearing aid on you might notice some of the following:
People don't sound like they're mumbling as much.
The TV volume can be turned softer.
You can hear the birds singing in the trees again.
You can talk with your friends and family on the telephone easily.
You can hear your partner at the restaurant more clearly.
You can enjoy going to the movies/theater again, knowing you will be able to hear all the scenes clearly.
Am I suitable for a hearing aid?
This will depend on your type and degree of hearing loss, as well as your lifestyle needs.
Having a permanent hearing loss of any degree (ranging from mild to profound) may cause communication difficulties, and therefore you may benefit from a hearing aid. However, the degree of hearing loss is simply not enough to determine whether a hearing aid is appropriate. Hearing aid suitability is also dependent on motivation, lifestyle, other health needs and other factors.
If you notice that you are having some communication difficulty or you can identify a time when you would like to hear better, we recommend you speak with your hearing professional about trying a device.
What are the different types of hearing aids?
There are many different types of hearing aids. Click here to compare the various styles that may be available.
What are the common features of hearing aids?
Hearing aids are very sophisticated devices, and include many high-tech features to help you hear better - with new ones being added constantly. Each manufacturer includes their own features– some of which are now considered standard for every device, whilst others are more specialised. Click here to see what the features are and how they may help you!
What is the best hearing aid for me?
Every person is different. A hearing aid that works for one person may not be the best for everyone. Here are some factors to consider:
How severe is your hearing loss? Certain hearing aids perform better and are better suited to different types and degrees of hearing loss. The needs of a person with a profound hearing loss will be very different to someone with only a mild degree of loss.
How clear does speech sound? For some people, their hearing problem is not just about loudness, but clarity. For these people, no matter how loud the sound is, it will always be distorted. For these hearing aid users, the benefits of the more advanced technology may be limited.
How active are you? Lifestyle is particularly important when deciding on hearing aids. For more socially active people who are in more difficult challenging listening environments, a more sophisticated hearing aid is recommended. The more sophisticate devices will offer more help in noisy environments such as meetings, religious gatherings, restaurants, parties, shops and workplaces. For people who prefer quieter activities at home, such as watching TV and talking to one or two people in quiet, hearing aids that do not include all the high-tech features may be sufficient.
Do you require assistance with a hearing aid? For some people who have limited independence, or who require assistance, there are several factors that need to be considered. Sometimes a volume control may help, whereas other times a fully automatic hearing aid is preferred. Some hearing aid features may need to be switched on/off depending on external factors such as health, independence, manual dexterity and vision.
Is cost a limiting factor? Some of the advanced high-tech features are only available with high end (more expensive) hearing aids.
Are cosmetics important to you? The style of hearing aid that you select is often based on how the hearing aid looks. Often though, the smaller more discreet hearing aids also are more expensive, sometimes are not as technologically advanced and may be more difficult to manipulate. Your hearing professional will be able to demonstrate the different styles to you. Please click here to see different hearing aid styles that are available.


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In the spirit of the holidays, I felt like switching gears a bit and talking about decorating your restaurant with holiday lights to create atmosphere, a sense of warmth and ultimate comfort.
Any restaurant owner will tell you that the atmosphere is one of the main reasons people are drawn to a certain place to eat. Part of the atmosphere revolves around the right restaurant furniture and its proper layout, and the other part around lighting. Lighting is crucial for creating warmth and ambiance for your restaurant, and what a better way to draw people in from the cold then to make it even warmer and cozier with holiday lights.
Lining the interior of your restaurant with warm white holiday lights can create an air of romance, warm and comfort. Decorating your outside foliage, banisters, and foyers with white mini lights gives your restaurant that extra special touch during the holidays.
Do you have trees lining a path leading into your restaurant? Consider lighting your tree with lights and you'll instantly transform the curb appeal of your restaurant. Tree trunks will look bright and inviting when wrapped with lights. It gives customers a sense of welcoming and makes them want to sit down and experience what your restaurant has to offer in complement to the wonderful atmosphere.


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BOISE, Idaho Boise State University director of athletics Gene Bleymaier has announced the addition of UC Davis to its 2009 football schedule, and a two-game series beginning in 2009 with the University of Tulsa. The announcement made today (Aug. 15) brings the number of home games to seven for the 2009 season.
UC Davis will visit Bronco Stadium on Sept. 19 (Saturday), while Boise State will travel to Tulsa on Oct. 3 (Saturday). Tulsa will return the game to Bronco Stadium in 2011 with a tentative date set for Sept. 24 (Saturday).
Boise State is undefeated against UC Davis with an all-time record of 3-0. The last meeting was in 1985 with the Broncos winning 13-9. Bronco head football coach Chris Petersen was the quarterback for the Aggies that season.
A former member of the Western Athletic Conference, the Broncos have won its four previous meetings with the Golden Hurricane. The last game between the two schools was in 2004 with Boise State kicking a field goal in the final seconds for a 45-42 victory.
The Broncos begin the 2009 schedule hosting the University of Oregon on Sept. 5 (Saturday), before traveling to the University of Toledo on Sept. 12 (Saturday). The final non-conference game of the 2009 season is Miami (Ohio) University on Sept. 26 (Saturday) at Bronco Stadium.
In WAC action next season, the Broncos will host San Jose State University, New Mexico State University, the University of Idaho and the University of Nevada. Conference games on the road will be at Louisiana Tech University, the University of Hawai'i, Utah State University and Fresno State. Dates and times for 2009 WAC games will not be announced until early March of 2009.
Boise State opens its 2008 season on August 30 (Saturday) at home against Idaho State University. Kickoff is set for 6:00 p.m.
Following is a tentative schedule for 2009.
Sept. 5 Oregon Boise, Idaho
Sept. 12 at Toledo Toledo, Ohio
Sept. 19 UC Davis Boise, Idaho
Sept. 26 Miami (Ohio) Boise, Idaho
Oct. 3 at Tulsa Tulsa, Oklahoma
WAC Home Games
San Jose State
New Mexico State
WAC Road Games
Louisiana Tech
Utah State
Fresno State


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Goody ColourCollection Wavy Bobby Pin
Out of Stock
Your unique hair color is beautiful and deserves to stand out. That?s why Goody ColourCollection offers a range of hair accessories that blend into your hair so your hairstyle stands out.
Dani W.
United States
Sep 4, 2012
Found 'em!!
I've searched everywhere for bobbies that won't twist or loose the tips & poke me in the scalp!! These are them!! AND they are beautiful- tinted just right & have the ridges along the pin so you can grab them & put them in just so. I got them for my super thick hair & my friend loves them in her very fine hair. They stay put & look pretty if exposed. A package of 10 makes sure you guard them like gold- I have purchased 3 different times now- so I have them in evey vehicle, every bathroom, every bag & some stashed for stocking stuffers for my sisters.
Paula D.
United States
Feb 2, 2012
Bobby Pin Queen
Stylish, great hold, keeps my bangs out of the way at work!
Apr 20, 2011
#1 Bobby Pin For Thick Hair!
My hair is super thick so there are not many bobby pins that will work for me and are not huge. Not only does this pin hold the best but the design is really cute! I would recommended this pin to anyone!
1 out of 1 shoppers thought this review was helpful.
Jan 19, 2011
Great Everyday Hair Tamer!
Love these Bobby pins! They're a great size for my thick, coarse, curly hair and stay in place. I even wear them at night to keep my hair out of my face. The color does wear off over time, but they last forever. It's easy to create a slight "poof" with the help of these pins.
5 out of 5 shoppers thought this review was helpful.


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The NWU has filed comments with the U.S. Copyright Office in response to that office's public inquiry about "how copyright owners have handled small copyright claims and the obstacles they have encountered, as well as potential alternatives to the current legal system that could better accommodate such claims."
The NWU's comments focus on the real-world experience of NWU members whose copyrights have been infringed, and the patterns and trends in infringement-related grievances which have been brought to the attention of the Grievance and Contract Division. Our comments provide a snapshot of the problem copyright infringement poses for working writers, and a blueprint for what needs to be done about it. The NWU's comments were drafted by Book Division Co-Chair Edward Hasbrouck and reviewed and revised by an ad hoc committee made up of GCD members and Book Division co-chairs, as well as First Vice President Ann Hoffmann.
The deadline for submission of comments, originally Jan. 16, has been extended until 5 p.m. Eastern time on Jan. 17 in light of the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday observance. Anyone can submit comments.
We encourage individual members who have had copyright issues to submit their own statements. Please identify yourselves as NWU members; you may wish to mention that you also endorse the NWU's comments. A comment form, along with background on the possibility of a special court or special procedures for small copyright claims, is posted on the Copyright Office website at http://www.copyright.gov/docs/smallclaims. If you are considering filing your own comments and would like to coordinate them with the NWU, please contact Book Division Co-Chair Susan E Davis at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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13,944 subscribers a community for 7 years, 3 monthslast post today [+]
- Please report all spam. Automoderator will remove it automatically
This subreddit is for general discussion of computers. Because the topic is so broad, please consider one of these subreddits to get a faster and better answer to your questions:
If it is technology related, but not necessarily computers OR it is news related, use r/technology.
If it is a question specific to building a computer, use /r/buildapc
Don't want to build? Then check out /r/suggestapc for desktop buying advice.
If you're looking to buy a laptop, try /r/SuggestALaptop or /r/LaptopDeals.
If it is an issue with a virus or malware, use /r/24hoursupport.
If you need help with a computer issue, use /r/techsupport.
Mac users, go to /r/apple or /r/applehelp.
For explanation of concepts, try /r/explainlikeimfive.
For programming help, try /r/learnprogramming or /r/programming.
Check out /r/intel for Intel related news and discussions.
For showing off your vintage computers, head over to /r/VintageComputers.
Looking to sell or buy used hardware check out /r/hardwareswap
For current hardware sales check out /r/buildapcsales
/r/hardware for hardware news, reviews and discussion.
For everything else, Google is your friend! Make sure to check there first!
If your question doesn't quite fit in any of the above, or is not receiving answers elsewhere, feel free to ask it here. This is not a rule specifically forbidding any sort of post, rather it is an attempt to get your questions the maximum amount of attention and exposure.
Recent News| :--: Auto moderator has been added to the subreddit. Please be patient while we configure| The side bar has been updated with links to new subreddits.| The flair system has been revised to be less confusing and easier to use! You can find resolved posts here.| /r/computers now has its very own FAQ! Want to help? Go edit the page!| You can now mark threads as resolved! Click here for more information!| User Flair has been added. Proudly display your Operating System of choice, right next to your name! Click the 'edit flair' link above to set yours now!| /r/computers has a new theme! Thanks to blackstar9000 for the awesome new look! ★|


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Thank you, sunshine, for making Thursday nice enough for David Beckham's trip to the park.
The still-in-demand soccer stud and doting dad took 9-year-old son Romeo and 8-month-old daughter Harper to a Brentwood park for a little playtime.
Beckham brought the stroller, but Harper seemed to prefer the comfort of her pop's right arm while she enjoyed her juice bottle. (Who wouldn't, right?)
So, while the trio were enjoying the unseasonably warm weather, where was mom?
MORE: Red Card! David Beckham Ejected From Kids' Soccer Game
Victoria Beckham was also busy enjoying the great outdoors—she took son Brooklyn, who turned 13 on Sunday, horseback riding in the Hollywood Hills!
"I love L.A.," she tweeted, calling it an "amazing afternoon."
We hope Cruz, however he was spending his day, was having an equally amazing time!


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Modified Mustangs & FordsEvents
Show Of Shows
The ALL-FORD CARLISLE EVENT Is A Must Show To Attend
It's been a few years since I've had the good fortune of attending the Carlisle All-Ford Nationals, and I'm here to tell you it was another great year at the Carlisle fairgrounds. Sure, there was a bit of rain, but as usual it was far from a deterrent for the Ford faithful that attended.
Going to the same show year after year can sometimes get a little old, but when it comes to the All-Ford Carlisle show, it never does. Every year we've attended there's been something new to see or do. Whether it's the interesting and rare vehicles found in Building T, the special invitational guests, the hundreds upon hundreds of Fun Field participants, or the rows and rows of new and used parts deals, you'll always have a great time.
Some people think attending the Carlisle show is only for people that are looking for hard-to-find parts. While it's true there are interesting and rare parts to be found walking the rows of vendors, there's also so much more offered amongst the Carlisle fairgrounds and surrounding communities that you owe it to yourself to attend the Carlisle All-Ford show if you've never been. The Women's Oasis tent has bingo, wine tasting, massages, and manicures for the ladies (and it's air conditioned too!). There are also seminars, drag racing, a beauty contest, children's activities, and more on the fairgrounds. Did we mention there are a lot of display cars and parts to be seen too?
Take a long weekend and spend a few days sightseeing in the area. There's much to offer in the area, such as Gettysburg, which is rich in civil war history. In Gettysburg you can visit the Gettysburg National Military Park, see the sight of the Gettysburg Address, and even General Robert E. Lee's headquarters. There's also Hershey Park in neighboring Hershey, where you can ride roller coasters and tour the Hershey chocolate factory. Maybe you'd like to take a ride on a riverboat cruise down the historic Susquehanna River. There's also plenty of antique districts and outlet shopping. There's truly something for everyone in the family. Check out our photos for a recap of this year's All-Ford show.