text:
|Print version
Related Links
|A Humanistic Framework for Design
|Review of Designing the User Interface, 5th ed. (Shneiderman et al.)
|Review of Designing Interactions (Moggridge)
|Review of Windows and Mirrors (Bolter & Gromala)
|Review of Press On (Thimbleby)
Background Links
By Gerd Waloszek, SAP AG, SAP User Experience – October 4, 2012
This review takes a personal look at Janet H. Murray's book Inventing the Medium – Principles of Interaction Design as a Cultural Practice.
Janet H. Murray
Inventing the Medium – Principles of Interaction Design as a Cultural Practice
The MIT Press, 2012
H. Murray is Ivan Allen College Dean's Recognition
Professor of Digital Media and Director of the Experimental Television
Lab at Georgia Institute of Technology. She is the author of Hamlet
on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace (MIT Press,
1998). In 2010, Prospect Magazine designated her "one of the
top ten brains of the digital future."
When I read the acknowledgements in Janet Murray's new book Inventing the Medium – Principles of Interaction Design as a Cultural Practice, I felt as if I had entered a "parallel world" of design that I had not been aware of before. The names were largely unfamiliar to me, apart from a few like Jay Bolter and Diane Gromala, whose book, Windows and Mirrors, I had once reviewed. I felt a bit like Alice in Through the Looking-Glass and was curious to learn what design looked like in this parallel world. An initial inkling of why this parallel world exists emerged from the names of the "toy shops" – as Murray calls them – where she has worked during her career: the MIT and Georgia Tech. Her students study computer science and digital media, although at Georgia Tech, there are also some HCI students. Thus, there seems not only to be a divide between interaction and UI designers (as I have learned at several conferences), but also between the digital media and the UI design fields. Long ago, I experienced this divide at first hand, when I characterized computers as "media" or "information machines" and received only a raised-eyebrow reaction from my colleagues. (Just recently, I emphasized this view once again in a UI Design Blink about my iPad use.)
Having entered the "parallel world" by delving into Murray's book, I wanted to find out what its goal and its perspective are and what it is about. I soon realized, however, that this world speaks a somewhat different language from my own. I had to start by translating at least some of the terms into my own language. In the following, I present my efforts for all those readers who are also unfamiliar with this language. In Murray's own words, her book is "about HCI (human-computer interaction) or interaction design" – so far, so good – is "written from a humanistic rather than a social science or industrial design perspective", and offers a new framework for design, which she even calls "innovative" and which she believes "can help to speed the process of useful and lasting design innovation." I will return to the question of how her framework is meant to help and to her humanistic design perspective below.
Murray devotes her book and the framework within to "anyone whose work involves shaping new digital artifacts (artifacts are man-made objects) and the systems of behavior in which they are embedded, not just those with designer in their job title." It aims to "complement expertise in related fields such as graphic design, industrial psychology, or programming by providing lead designers and other team members with a set of common principles and a common design vocabulary (that is, with her new framework for design) to aid in the collective design process". And this is how Murray believes that her book can help speed this process: by focusing on the collective cultural task of inventing the underlying medium. Confronted with this unfamiliar-sounding explanation, I felt obliged to clarify what Murray means by the following two terms: (1) digital artifacts, and (2) the collective cultural task/collective design process.
I started by addressing the easier part, digital artifacts. According to Murray, we can think of these "as part of a common medium, rather than a diffuse collection of multiple 'new media'." She explains that "all things made with electronic bits and computer code belong to a single new medium, the digital medium." For Murray, the computer is the archetype of the new digital medium. Its "ability to represent and execute conditional behavior" sets it apart from traditional media like print or movies, culminating in its "ability to represent any symbolic representation". Think of, for example, complex simulations. "Digital" implies that, unlike in traditional media, the processing power of computers plays a fundamental role in the design and use of artifacts. Digital media such as digital photos and videos are unthinkable without it.
However, digital artifacts present designers with new challenges. Murray points out that digital designers are "more often inventing something for which there is no standard model." She lists "three problems associated with this situation that differentiate digital design from other design practices":
This list helped me understand what Murray means by "inventing the medium": Since the digital medium is still in its infancy and immature, designers are in the midst of advancing or "inventing" it. Thus, the digital medium is like a construction site: Its evolution is in progress and designers are driving it through their innovative work – albeit without much guidance (because, when designers need to explore new terrain, users are of little help).
Secondly, I had to find out what Murray means by the "collective design process" and by the "collective cultural task/practice." This led me to the above-mentioned humanistic design perspective of her book, in which she states that "from a humanities perspective, the design of digital objects is a cultural practice like writing a book or making a film. ... To see any artifact ... as part of culture is to understand how it becomes meaningful through the social activities, thoughts, and actions of people who engage with it." Thus, Murray sees designers confronted with the overall "cultural task of inventing the digital medium", whereas cultural practice comprises the design of individual digital artifacts, that is, the daily practice of designers, which she, on the other hand, regards as a collective effort: "Designing any single artifact within this new medium is part of the broader collective effort of making meaning through the invention and refinement of digital media conventions."
Murray points out that "when we expand the meaning-making conventions that make up human culture, we expand our ability to understand the world and to connect with one another." Thus, designing digital media is part of a joint effort of designers not only to invent new media and media conventions, but also to give meaning to and increase our understanding of the world. Murray emphasizes that all this should not happen just for novelty's sake. She cautions designers about the dangers of seduction by mere novelty and calls on them to act in the service of specific or, as she states elsewhere, core human needs.
From Murray's humanistic design perspective there are two goals (or responsibilities) designers have when they approach design as a cultural practice. I found these in several phrasings in the book:
Note that, for Murray, "advancing the digital medium" and "advancing the design practice" go hand in hand.
Finally, for Murray, humanistic inquiry "accommodates multiple frameworks of interpretation," because the design process "never has a single straight answer". She illustrates this point with the digital telephone, which can be understood as a neutral piece of business equipment, a stylish status symbol, an intrusive disruptor of family rituals, or a lifeline between an isolated individual and a distant community". She therefore introduces the term "interactor" and prefers it to the commonly used term "user", which, in her view, reflects "a model of the computer as a tool that we put to use." The tool model is just one facet of how we can view the computer.
Gaining an understanding of Murray's subject and perspective allowed me to return to the book and its goals. She writes: "This book is an effort to support the creation of an expanded range of meaningful cultural (I would add "digital" here) artifacts by clarifying the task and providing a unifying framework for many disparate but related efforts." The designers' task has now more or less been clarified in this review. The next logical step would therefore be to take a closer look at Murray's new framework for design. She points out that it is meant to "focus designers' work on useful and lasting innovation" – which we can equate with a focus on core human needs. This enables me to answer the question posed at the beginning: Murray's framework helps speed the process of innovation just because of this focus.
Presenting Murray's framework for design would, however, far exceed the scope of this review. For those readers who are interested, I have devoted a separate article to this topic, entitled, A Humanistic Framework for Design. Here, I provide a brief summary of the framework, an overview of the four affordances of the digital medium, and a list of related disciplines.
The framework that Murray offers to designers and that creates the fundamental structure of her book consists of the four affordances of the digital medium – its procedural, participatory, encyclopedic, and spatial properties; see Table 1 below for the definitions of the affordances. The common design vocabulary and conventions are provided by the contributing disciplines (or fields of study) – computer science, visual design (or better, visualization), information science, and human-computer interaction – which have been assigned to the respective affordances in Table 1.
|Most important discipline
|The ability to represent and execute conditional behavior (computer vs. earlier media) / the processing power of the computer that allows us to specify conditional, executable instructions.
|Computer science
|The digital medium is participatory in allowing an interactor to manipulate, contribute to, and have an effect on digital content and computer processing.
|Human-computer interaction (HCI)
|The digital medium is encyclopedic in three ways: its capacity, its extensive range of legacy and computational media formats and genres, its ability to represent any symbolic representation (including simulations of highly complex systems).
|Information science
|Digital environments can represent space using all the strategies of traditional media, such as maps, images, video tracking, and three-dimensional models. Unlike older media, digital media artifacts can be navigated.
|Visual design (information visualization)
Table 1: The four affordances of the digital medium, their definitions (from the glossary), and the most important disciplines to use concepts and convention from
Note: In my accompanying article A Humanistic Framework for Design, I admit that I am unfamiliar with Murray's use of the term "affordance" and that I am more familiar with Don Norman's more general use of the term (however, please note that Norman currently prefers the term "signifier" to "affordance"). I therefore decided to translate the term "affordance" internally to "design dimension," which I think is closer to Murray's alternative use of the term "property."
Finally, arranging the affordances in a grid provides a method for "exploiting and maximizing the affordances of digital artifacts" (Murray also talks of "a framework for innovative thinking based on examining individual projects within a grid of possibilities"). Single artifacts can be entered into the grid to visualize the extent to which they exploit the different affordances; or examples of standard formats or genres can be arranged around the grid to visualize which affordance they primarily exploit (see Table 1 in the appendix for a grid of affordances with examples of standard formats and genres that exploit each of them). Murray proposes using the grid of affordances as an aid in designing and analyzing digital artifacts and presents two ways of applying it to design questions: affordance mapping and brainstorming (see my article for details). Figure 1 below shows two examples of affordance mapping: the early Google search site focusing on the procedural and encyclopedic affordances, and the flickr photo-sharing site focusing on the participatory affordance.
Figure 1: Two examples of affordance mapping using the grid of affordances (after Murray)
This concludes my discussion of the concepts presented in the book. See also my article A Humanistic Framework for Design for more details on the design framework.
In the following, I would like to provide a brief overview of the book. Potential readers should be prepared for a long journey when they approach it.
In her introduction, Murray presents her cultural or humanistic perspective on interaction design, "clears the air" by looking at some common misconceptions ("how (not) to talk about interaction design"), explains her view of the digital medium and the designers' role in designing for it, and finally provides an overview of her book.
Part I of the book describes the basic components of the design process as Murray sees them: (1) The framing and reframing of design questions in terms of the core human needs served by new artifacts, (2) a walkthrough of existing media conventions, (3) and the search for ways to better serve the core (human) needs within and beyond existing conventions.
Parts II-V deal in detail with each of the four affordances that characterize the digital medium. Each part explores "foundational models that provide useful conventions and strategies for the design of digital artifacts." As an exercise, I took the chapter titles as a basis and arranged the content of parts II-V in the grid of affordances, as shown in Figure 2 below:
Figure 2: Content of parts II-V, using the grid of affordances and based on chapter titles
A more extended text version based on the chapter titles can be found in the appendix. Read also the overview that Murray herself provides in her introduction to the book.
A comprehensive glossary explains the terms that Murray uses throughout her book and that I interpret as the common design vocabulary that the book provides. I also found the glossary useful for finding definitions of terms that are not given – or not given clearly enough – in the text.
At the end of each chapter, there are extensive exercises for students and thought experiments for practitioners. The exercises clearly demonstrate that this book is targeted at design students, though HCI students would probably look for chapter-specific references here (such as those provided by, for example, Shneiderman in his UI design textbook). I also doubt that design practitioners will find the necessary time to engage in these certainly useful thought experiments, but I may be completely wrong. I have to admit that I skipped the exercises and thought experiments when preparing this review because of a lack of time.
Finally, having gained an idea of the framework offered in the book (see also my article A Humanistic Framework for Design) and been provided with an overview of it, potential readers can now embark on the epic (more than 400-page) journey that I have already referred to. For me, it was an enlightening – albeit often laborious – journey through a "parallel world" of design. Others may experience the book differently. See you again in the discussion!
And – whoops! – here I am back in my own world, the world of UI design and the design of business software. What did I experience in the parallel design world and how did it feel? I will try to keep my "trip report" brief and only pass on some observations and impressions. Thus, this will be a very subjective discussion based on my own position within the world of design (or should that be "worlds" of design?) In my discussion, I will from time to time compare Murray's book with Shneiderman's seminal textbook Designing the User Interface, which can be regarded as the "standard" in the – for me – familiar field of UI design. I will do so not to judge any of the two books, but to point to differences in perspective and presentation. This difference in perspective also set my own expectations when I started reading Murray's book.
As I outlined above, Murray structures her book along the four specific properties of the digital medium (which we can imagine as a computer or as an artifacts with the processing power of a computer); namely, the procedural, spatial, encyclopedic, and participatory affordances, as she calls them. These are the building blocks of her framework for design, and therefore, in my opinion, the book's most distinct contribution to the design community. The "coupling" of the affordances with "primary fields of study" further informs the book: They definitely leave their mark in the respective parts in terms of subjects, methods, and terminology.
By the way, I did also ask myself whether four is the right number of affordances or properties and whether those proposed by Murray are exactly the right ones. I therefore played around a little with them and tried to combine them as Murray does with the procedural and participatory affordance – you can find my suggestions for combinations in my article A Humanistic Framework for Design. In the end, however, I decided not to engage with this question any further, because I could see that Murray had clearly put a lot of thought, time, and effort into defining her framework. We should also bear in mind that she does not propose a taxonomy of design; her properties define a practice, or a space for design, as she writes. If these properties are useful in the designers' daily practice, and only experience can answer this, then Murray is right.
The affordance perspective results in certain subjects appearing in contexts where I would not have expected them up-front. For example, information visualization appears in the context of spatial strategies (spatial affordance) and, once again, in the context of visualizing large databases (encyclopedic affordance), rather than in a dedicated chapter on information visualization (as, for example, in Shneiderman's textbook). Similarly, information search, also a separate chapter there, is embedded in the discussion of the structured document model (hypertext). These observations indicate that an author's perspective has a major impact on how content is selected and presented.
The affordance perspective also leads Murray to include subjects in her book that are unexpected and new to readers of typical UI design textbooks, while other "expected" topics are missing or only briefly covered. This is particularly true for the parts that deal with the procedural, spatial, and encyclopedic affordances. For example, in books about interaction design, you will rarely find chapters on programming concepts – including object-oriented programming – about libraries and information organization, about data structures such as lists, tables, and databases, and about more technical details of structured (hypertext) documents. Considering that Murray's students are mostly students of computer science, this should not come as a surprise, however. For other readers, though, some new encounters may be surprising, but they can also be enlightening. To name just another "new encounter," Murray devotes considerable space to game design in her book. Note that the term "game" does not even exist in the index of Shneiderman's textbook. But this will very probably change in the near future. Just recently, the term "gamification" has become a buzzword in the world of business software. Murray's book might therefore provide useful insights for UI designers who want to learn more about game design. However, be prepared to find this topic distributed all over the book, with its "center of gravity" at the end of the book, where Murray deals with the game model of the computer.
UI designers will realize that this is not a book that teaches designers user research or UCD methods – these terms aren't even listed in the index ("methods" in the index leads to object-oriented programming). Unlike Shneiderman's textbook, this one does not cover the development process, guidelines and style guides, human cognitive and perceptual abilities, or user groups (disabled, elderly, and so on). But again, this is just an observation, not a criticism. Moreover, I found that the HCI sections – the only sections where I really felt "at home" – are showing their age somewhat... I can only speculate about the other fields of study. Nonetheless, we should remind ourselves that a textbook's goal is to give a coherent account of the field, not to represent the latest state of scientific research.
At the beginning of my discussion, I asked how the book "feels." This is my personal and highly subjective impression. Overall, the book feels to me as if it were written from a computer science perspective. This is in line with Murray's statement that the procedural affordance (or the computer's processing power) is the hallmark of the digital medium – stated most profoundly in Part III, Designing Expressive Procedures. As I have already mentioned, Murray includes computer science topics in her book that do not usually appear in UI design textbooks. But, as we all know, a basic knowledge of programming concepts and a certain ability to code is helpful in our daily work as UI designers (even interaction designers now highlight the importance of being able to code, as I learned at the Interaction 2012 conference): It really helps with being accepted by developers and it also allows us to create working prototypes that can be demonstrated to colleagues and stakeholders.
Secondly, I perceive the book as having been written from a general interaction design perspective. This perspective shows through in many ways such as the exercises provided at the end of each chapter. For example, Murray often addresses designers directly and describes what they should do and what they should and should not be concerned with. She also repeats certain basic "mantras" of her humanistic approach to design throughout the book, a practice that I have seen in many books by and for designers, but not so much in books for UI designers, which are typically written in a more factual style.
So, what about the book's HCI feel? I'd maybe mention this third, but it was not very prominent for me...
Part V of the book deals with the participatory affordance. Here, Murray investigates several models of the computer: the computer as a tool, as a machine, as a companion, and – finally – as a platform for games. UI designers currently adhere primarily to the tool and machine models, but as I have already mentioned, the game model may become more relevant for them in the near future.
One might say that Murray's book deals with UI design in two chapters, namely the chapters on the tool and the machine model. This is definitely an overstatement, but it is perhaps not a bad idea for UI designers to read these two chapters first when they proceed to the "body" of the book (Parts II-V).
One question I asked myself was, "What is the difference between the computer as a tool and as a machine?" For Murray, a tool is a simple device whose effects are immediately visible to us, whereas a machine is a complex device "designed to perform scripted (programmed) actions in exactly the same way." In the end, the point at which the transition from tool to machine happens may be a matter of personal point of view. In her chapter on tools, designers will find aspects of interaction techniques (comparable with Shneiderman's interaction styles) and further aspects of user interfaces like efficiency, learnability, transparency (feedback), and virtuosity (support for experts), while in the machine model chapter, Murray covers questions like the visibility of the machine's operations (which is not so far from transparency) and how interactors can be put in control. All of these aspects are highly relevant for UI designers.
I also thought about other models of the computer – such as the computer as a "mediator" between people, or a "connector" of people – in which the design goal is to connect people and to place the tool in the background. But one might also subsume this aspect, for example, under the tool model or, probably better, under the companion model.
At the end of my discussion, I would like to make one suggestion to the author. At the end of each chapter, there are extensive exercises for students and thought experiments for practitioners, but no chapter-specific references. I have already remarked that there seems to be a difference between designers and research-oriented HCI people (and UI designers) – the first prefer doing exercises, the latter prefer reading. But for the benefit of the latter, I would like to propose that the author also adds chapter-specific references to the end of each chapter. This would make searching for references a lot easier (though, regrettably, the book would be about fifty pages thicker...).
I started my review and my discussion with the notion of a "parallel world" of design that I entered when I read Murray's book Inventing the Medium. In the discussion above, I also contrast her book with Ben Shneiderman's Designing the User Interface, which can be regarded as an archetypical account of what UI design comprises. If I were to draw a Venn diagram of both books' content, I would see clearly that these two worlds are not "parallel" but that there is considerable overlap between them. However, it is not the topics alone that make the two books feel different: It is also their perspective and style of presentation that create the impression of "parallel worlds" for me. In other words, when two people do the same, it is not necessarily the same thing.
So, is this a book for UI designers and designers of business software? If so, how can they profit from it? For me, the journey through Murray's book – and through the "parallel world" of design that it outlines – was an interesting one; often enlightening, but sometimes also laborious. Was it worth the effort? Definitely, because learning new perspectives always broadens your horizons and opens up new fields that may become relevant much sooner than we imagine. I have already mentioned the topic of games and the upcoming trend of gamification in business software. Therefore, I definitely recommend the book to UI designers and designers of business software. However, I would also recommend that this should not be the first book on UI design that they read – they'd be better starting with books like Designing the User Interface. But as soon as they have an understanding of the UI design field, it is important that they broaden their design perspective, leave the "tools" world, and enter "parallel worlds" of design that offer new and surprising insights.


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The Final Inspection
The warrior stood and faced God,
Which will always come to pass,
He hoped his shoes were shining,
Just as brightly as his brass.
"Step forward now, old warrior,
How shall I deal with you?
Have you always turned the other cheek?
To my church have you been true?"
The warrior squared his shoulders and
Said, "No, Lord, I guess I ain't,
'Cause those of us who carry guns
Can't always be saint.
"I've had to work most Sundays,
And at times my talk was tough,
And sometimes I've been violent,
'Cause the world is awfully rough.
"But, I never took a penny
That wasn't mine to keep.
Though I worked a lot of overtime
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"And I never passed a cry for help,
Though at times I shook with fear,
And sometimes, God forgive me,
I've wept unmanly tears.
"I know I don't deserve a place
Among the people here,
They never wanted me around
Except to calm their fears.
"If you've a place for me here, Lord,
It needn't be so grand. In life
I didn't expect nor need too much,
So if you don't, I'll understand."
There was a silence all around the throne,
Where the saints had often trod,
As the warrior stood quietly.
For the judgment of his God.
"Step forward now, my warrior,
You've born your burdens well,
Walk peacefully on Heaven's streets,
You've done your time in Hell."
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After I made my metallic pumpkins, I had another thought for unique pumpkin design. A thought developed, inspired by The Craft in Me blog. A while back, Jalinda designed an awesomely cool Hard Rock Candle! Now, I give you…
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Judy Cook took a second-place ribbon for a machine-made baby quilt in shades of pink.


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Cosmo Recommends:
While giving oral sex: Using the tongue techniques we already covered, bring her almost to the point of no return. Before she goes over the edge, slip your index or middle finger inside her and with a come-hither movement, lightly press against her G-spot.
In girl-on-top position: In this carnal configuration, she'll be able to press her C-spot directly against your pubic bone, and you'll have easy access to the hot zone as well. (Plus, she can control the pace and rhythm of her own movements.) While inside her, use your thumb to stimulate her clitoris, as you would during foreplay.
In spoon position: For maximum G-spot stimulation, lie on your side and have sex while scooted up behind her. Keeping yourself deep inside, use small but persistent thrusts to stimulate the G-spot. Meanwhile, reach around and use your fingers to stimulate her clitoris.
Source: Sex therapist Ian Kerner, Ph.D., author of She Comes First
Sign up for our FREE Daily Dose newsletter for the best fitness, health, sex, and nutrition tips delivered to your inbox daily.


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Hydro Bone Makes Real Simple's Top Pins List
Real Simple Magazine included the Hydro Bone on its list of "40 Most-Pinned Problem Solving Products"…Read more
Real Simple Magazine included the Hydro Bone on its list of "40 Most-Pinned Problem Solving Products"…Read more
The popular pet blog, Dog Milk, shared their favorite products from Hugs Pet Products…Read more
The Silicone Dog Treat pan gets a rave review from The Neater Things in Life blog…Read more
Alissa Wolfe of About.com gave the Hydro Toys a try…Read more
Pet Expert, Charlotte Reed, selected the Hydro Toys amongst her top 9 picks to keep pets cool this summer…Read more
CBS Better Mornings Atlanta included the Hydro Toys in their "Cool Pet Products to Help Beat the Heat."…Read more
Hydro Toys were selected as a top 5 must-have summer product by the Times Square Chronicles…Read more
Real Simple magazine included the Hydro Bone in its Daily Finds' "6 Items to Simplify Your Life"…Read more
Animal rescue advocate and Animal Fair owner, Wendy Diamond, showcased the Hydro Bone on Good Day NY as one of her favorite summertime pet items…Read more
Pugz Shoes for Dogs from Hugs Pet Products were one of 11 pet products featured on CNBC.com's "Cutting-Edge Products for Your Pet."Read more
The Tee Bone from Hugs Pet Products is named #1 in the 2011 Pet Product News International Editor's Choice award…Read more
Dr. Marty Becker featured the Hydro Bone from Hugs Pet Products was on Good Morning America's "Best New Products for your Pet"…Read more
Two new products from Hugs Pet Products, the Silicone Dog Treat Pan and the Better Tether, received awards from the 2011 Pet Product News International (PPNI) Retailers' Top Pick Awards…Read more
The television show, Welcome Home, stopped by Hugs Pet Products' booth at the Global Pet Expo to get a sneak peek at new pet products…Read more
Hugs Pet Products' CEO Katie Brewer and the Cool Cot House are featured in a groundbreaking interview on product innovation…Read more
The Hydro Bone and the Dog Wash were both top winners in the 2010 Dog Fancy Editors' Choice Awards…Read more
For additional information and photos, contact Flying Cork Media at 412-926-1020 ext. 1305 or email Kristie Vossler.


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The Bachelor
Bachelor Sean Lowe Admits He's a Virgin: "Sex Is Special"
Sean Lowe loves getting physical (physical!) with his harem of hotties on The Bachelor, but this hunk is already in a serious relationship with The Man Upstairs, and you know what that means. No sex before marriage!
"I do think sex is something special and should be shared with the one you're going to spend the rest of your life with," Sean tells Life & Style. "The physical stuff will always come later."
That's right, ladies, our boy Sean has revoked his own v-card. Basically, he's a born-again virgin who can drive. In fact, he didn't even do the hanky panky with his ex-girlfriend, Brooke Sorenson Nix! According to Brooke's bestie, former Bachelorette Melissa Rycroft, their relationship was never a "highly physical thing" because Sean was "waiting until marriage." According to a Star Magazine report, Sean has slept with four women but has now declared a born-again virgin until marriage.
So, what will Sean's ladies in waiting think of his rediscovered virginity? "I'm sure some of the girls probably wouldn't want to get engaged to him," a source tells Life & Style. "Knowing that they wouldn't have sex until getting married."
Of course, Sean is an extremely physical guy, so remaining virginal can be hard. Harder than his abs. "Being a man, that can get confusing," Sean says as we nod along. "Your body leads you one way, but your mind leads you another."
OMG, he's a genie in a bottle!
Source: Life & Style


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Things Needed -
1. Duct tape
2. Metal Ring.
3. Scale For measurement.
4. Pointed knife (for the best sharp cut)
Step 1:
Step 2:
HELP - Cut as marked with BLACK LINES
Step 3:
Tip - If you are doing a ROSE, you can choose Brown or Green duct tape.
Step 4:
(SORRY for the snap ... it didn't .. I couldn't take it nicely)
Step 5:
Step 7:
Tip - It will be from your left to the right.
Step 8:
It may not going to look perfect with the very first wrap, but as you proceed doing this with remaining 23 square piece for the petals, you will get a perfect ROSE shape.


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NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING AND AGENDA OFTHE APACHE COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSIONNovember 7, 2013 @ 1:00pm
The Planning and Zoning Commission meeting will be held on Thursday, November 7, 2013 at 1:00pm in the Board of Supervisors Room, located in the County Annex Building, 75 W. Cleveland Street in St. Johns. The working lunch session to discuss the following agenda will be held at 12:00 pm in the Board Room prior to the public meeting. Work session will include those listed under work session and items of business listed below.
Work Session
Item #1 Discussion on the P & Z agenda below.


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Dear Sirs,
I purchased a G25 flashlight approximately 2 years ago at a local Home Depot. It became my favorite go to flashlight for around the house needs, and for business trips and vacations due to its small size. This March of 2013 it came with me on our family sailing vacation in the British Virgin Islands. One evening I was using it to see the BBQ grill after dark and it slipped from my hands and went overboard. I was very upset. It stayed lit for several minutes in 10 to 15 feet of water and I was considering going after it when it went out. The next afternoon while swimming around my son saw it and went down to retrieve the flashlight. I took out the old batteries left it open to dry for the day, put in 2 new AA\'s and it turned on like a champ. It is still my favorite flashlight. Thanks for making a great product. Sincerely, Eric


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2/7 previous photo next photo Pillow Talk: Statement Pillows We Love
Kiss Me Pillow
Muah! So much love for this Kiss Me pillow from Joss and Main. This sweet and sassy pillow makes for the perfect gift for a significant other. We like that this pillow is black and cream, making it a nice balance of masculine and feminine.


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The Youkilis family name has an unusual history from his entry on Wikipedia. His Jewish great-great-great-grandfather, a native of 19th-century Romania, moved to Greece at the age of 16 to avoid conscription at the hands of the notoriously anti-Semitic Cossacks. He became homesick, however, and returned to Romania after a couple of years, although he changed his surname from "Weiner" to the Greek name, "Youkilis", to avoid army and jail. Some researchers make use of distinctive surnames to identify distinct ethnic populations, the Youkilis surename was definitely a curveball for Kevin.
"People have come up to me and starting speaking Greek to me and I don't speak it," Youkilis said. "I feel bad. Ever since I was in Lowell (Class A), people have thought I was Greek. People shout at me, 'I'm Greek, you're Greek.' But I'm not."
Youkilis is the son of a Romanian Jewish jewelry wholesaler, who Youkilis has described as a
"well-known third baseman in the Jewish Community Center fast-pitch softball league."
Youkilis was a kid who grew up in Cincinnati rooting for the Reds, who dutifully went to Hebrew school through Bar Mitzvah ("It was a long Haftorah," he recalls), before his parents allowed him to concentrate on baseball. Later the Red Sox infielder had to make the tough decision about whether to play on Yom Kippur, and he chose to play. This disgusted some Jewish observers but there are Jews of all flavors and this choice doesn't make him any less a self-identifying Jew.
For sure, the children will have the multi-sport potential, but how will they be raised? Will their religion be baseball, football? Is this adequate for a well rounded person. I think that Judaism has a lot to offer, especially if you enjoy the sport you're involved in. Some rabbis have been known to encourage competitive play on the Sabbath on the principle that what give a person pleasure should be done, even more so, on the Sabbath.
I hope that the happy couple will discuss religion and the upbringing of their children. I would love to count them in my upcoming Jewish population surveys. Perhaps they will grow up belonging to a Jewish Community Center like their dad and grandpa have.
Pini Herman, PhD. has served as Asst. Research Professor at the University of Southern California Dept. of Geography, Adjunct Lecturer at the USC School of Social Work, Research Director at the Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles following Bruce Phillips, PhD. in that position (I was recently notified that with 40,000 visitors this year the 15 year old study of the LA Jewish population was third most downloaded study from Berman Jewish Policy Archives in 2011) and is immediate past President of the Movable Minyan a lay-lead independent congregation in the 3rd Street area. Currently he is a principal of Phillips and Herman Demographic Research. To email Pini: firstname.lastname@example.com To follow Pini on Twitter: Follow @pinih
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The first Bishop
of Mongu, Zambia, Bishop Paul DUFFY, died on August 23, 2011, at the Oblates'
Madonna Residence in San Antonio, Texas, where he was receiving treatment for
cancer. He came to the United States just a few days after the ordination of
his successor, Bishop Evans CHENYEMBA, who was ordained on May 28, 2011.
Born in 1932 in
the State of Massachusetts (USA), Bishop Duffy professed his first vows as an
Oblate in 1952. He was ordained a priest in 1962 and a bishop in 1997.
1984 Bishop Duffy was one of the first four Oblates from the former Southern
Province of the United States to serve in Zambia. Fighting for the rights of
the people in the Western Province, Bishop Duffy became a champion of the poor,
and was branded an enemy by politicians and corrupt businessmen.
In his homily delivered during the episcopal
ordination of Bishop Chinyemba, Archbishop Nicola Girasoli, Apostolic Nuncio in
Zambia, advised the new bishop to be the voice of the voiceless: "In Mongu, in this diocese, you succeed a great Bishop.
Try to imitate and continue the apostolic pastoral ministry of Bishop Paul
Duffy. Be faithful to his pastoral legacy. Dear Bishop Evans, try to be close
to the needs of your people, be the voice of the voiceless and the voice of the
Duffy was indeed that "voice of the voiceless." He "left nothing undared" in
speaking up for the poor. When he criticized members of the government for not
fulfilling promises to help the poor in Western Province, Zambia, their
negative reaction was swift. They angrily rebuked
Bishop Duffy's statements. A group affiliated with the ruling party petitioned
the Vatican's representative. In September, 2010, an independent newspaper in
Zambia reported that the information secretary of the ruling party had
threatened to mobilize ruffians to travel to Mongu to manhandle Bishop Duffy if
he continued to speak negatively about the party and the president.
Western Province of Zambia suffers more than any other province from
high poverty levels, low economic production and a neglected infrastructure.
The majority of children are unable to obtain basic nutritional needs. Most
women are highly disadvantaged and live in extreme poverty, vulnerable to
HIV/AIDS as they are forced to engage in risky behaviors for economic survival.
The Diocese of Mongu, established in 1997, covers some 87,000
square kilometres in western Zambia, with a population of over 620,000; of
these, approximately 10% are Catholics.
After a memorial Mass in San Antonio with his brother
Oblates, family and friends, Bishop Duffy's body was returned to Zambia for
burial in the diocese he had founded.


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Bacary Sagna - free to Manchester City
The future of Arsenal full-back Bacary Sagna has appeared uncertain for an awful long time now.
Having still not signed a new deal with the Emirates outfit, it appears that he could join one of Arsenal's rivals in the summer window.
And, if reports are to be believed, he could be heading to Manchester City this summer which wouldn't go down well in north London.
Arsenal fans have seen some of their top stars leave the club for the Etihad in recent years and Sagna could be next.


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The numerous options available for apparel items can make merchandising challenging for ecommerce retailers. With numerous color, size, and other combinations available for given items, it takes... Read more
Customers love a good deal. As the ecommerce landscape evolves, so too do promotional tools that you can use to draw customers to your site and drive sales. Free shipping – as standard pra... Read more
To stay competitive in ecommerce, you have to be able to respond quickly to customer demands. This may mean integrating with new social media platforms, deploying new marketing strategies, takin... Read more
The relationship you create between your company and your customers is crucial to success in ecommerce. Brand identity is what draws customers to you, what keeps customers coming back, what insp... Read more
In today's competitive ecommerce landscape, retailers need to capitalize on every opportunity to capture a sale. Market conditions can change rapidly, and it's important to ensure th... Read more


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Recent Posts
- New @PNASNews research (RCT with N=38) shows nature walks are good for your brain. wapo.st/1R2ahZx http://t.co/yxOTLJHrwK #biophilia 1 week ago
- RT @pomeranian99: The thing about fidgeting and classrooms is most teachers intuit its value. But when you give 'em 32 kids to teach, it's … 1 week ago
- RT @SzonjaIvester: word. twitter.com/TeaPartyCat/st… 1 week ago
- RT @TIME: Read the Supreme Court ruling that recognized gay marriage nationwide ti.me/1QU6Aow 1 week ago
- Via @TIMEIdeas: The simplest marriage advice in 500 pages: banish contempt, see the idealization: ti.me/1fChzT1 1 week ago
To Want "But LIttle": Reflections From a Second Grade Classroom
Tag Archives: female infanticide
The Case of the Missing Girls: Skewed Sex Ratios and Big Problems
Posted on 01/04/2013 by ErikaChristakis
Here is my TIME.com column on the recent rape-murder of an Indian medical student and Asia's "missing girls": (And I'm happy to say that Andrew Sullivan picked me up again here.) The horrific gang rape and murder of a 23-year old … Continue reading →
Posted in Children/Teens/Young Adults, Erika @ TIME.com, Public Policy, Women-related | Tagged andrew sullivan, china, female infanticide, gendercide, girl child, india, indian medical student, missing girls, rape, sex ratios, sex selection, sex selective abortion, violence against women | 6 Comments


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Beyonce asks Oprah to be daughter's godmother, reports say
January 27, 2012 - 07:30 am
Decrease Increase Text size
Megastars Beyonce and Jay-Z's newborn baby daughter may have gotten another famous backer—reports say that Oprah Winfrey was asked to be little Blue Ivy Carter's godmother.
Media Takeout reported that Oprah was chosen to be their daughter's godmother because the couple have been close to the media icon over the past years.
Blue Ivy, who was born Jan. 8, is Beyonce and Jay-Z's first child. Insiders say that Oprah sent over a trunk full of children's books welcoming the baby girl into the world.
Would you like to contribute to this story? Join the discussion.


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Pompeii Smoker
Hi everyone...my first post :)
So after reading and reading for the past 2 years I'm finally in the process of building my oven, and well excited about it. As part of the overall "outdoor kitchen" design process I was planning to build a seperate BBQ/smoker with the same principles of thermal mass (I'm lazy and hate maintaining the fire all day in my currect steel smoker). Well, since I started reading this forum, especially about others experiments in using the oven as their smoker, I've decided I probably won't build a smoker after all. But, I do have a few questions about tweaks that could create slightly more thermal mass for holding temps longer for smoking pork shoulders and other large cuts. Of course I don't want to go to far in the wrong direction limiting the effectiveness of the oven for Pizza? I have already poured my hearth slab so the inset of additional firebrick isn't an option, as explained in the plan itself. I have thought about a couple alternatives and am curious about feedback from the group on the effectivness...
a) What about turning the floor firebrick on their side vs. laying flat?
b) What about closing the mortar gaps in the dome by using tapered firebrick?
c) What about a 1" layer of castable covering the dome?
d) stop overthinking it, build the oven and enjoy?
thanks everyone!
Re: Pompeii Smoker
D) definitely. If you search the forum you will see that there are at least 3 or 4 people using thier unmodified pompei as a smoker. Some are even cold smoking.
Re: Pompeii Smoker
I will be interested to see the responses. I have a fairly large wood-fired BBQ cooker (steel) myself & have a similar interest in a multi-use oven. I run my cooker on coals only (after pre-burning the wood) & go for a temp around 225F. I know the smoke plays it's part but it's more the extended low heat that gives you that great final product. Like you, tending mine is an all day affair & I'll bet that introducing a little smoke in an already warm oven would work great!
As for your questions; the Alan Scott design ovens (Bread Builders book) use the hearth bricks on edge, I would guess, for that very reason.
Tapered bricks seem like they would create a nice tight oven if you took the time to fit everything but I can't see how it would be worth all the extra work. I don't believe there is a source pre-made tapered bricks & the amount of additional cutting would be scary (tapered in both dimensions). I don't think it would work any better than one with mortar joints.
I would think an extra castable layer would work but could be prone to cracking.
I should add as a disclaimer that I have yet to finish my wood-oven but have a good bit of seat time cooking BBQ & also maple sugaring with wood-fired equipment.
Re: Pompeii Smoker
Taper firebricks, with a few exceptions, are MUCH more expensive than ordinary low-duty bricks. It's nice if you can get them, but the thermal advantage is negligible: the mortar has pretty much the same thermal characteristics as the bricks.
You can increase the mass of your oven. It may make it harder to get and keep pizza temperatures, but if smoking/baking is your primary interest, then it may be the way to go.
Re: Pompeii Smoker
Follow the plans and do the standard Pompeii design and you'll be fine. I'm putting the finishing touches on my oven, but have used it quite a bit. Last month we did a large pork shoulder. I put it in at 8:00pm the day after a pizza fire and left it in all night. When I pulled it out, I didn't even need to pull it, it just fell apart on it's own. It was perfect.
I collected some data last week on my oven (standard 42" Pompeii). I discovered that as the oven cooled, it maintained smoking temperature ranges (300-200F) for over 24 hours. Plenty of time to smoke about anything you like.
Here's the thread that shows my temperature graphs.
Good luck!
Re: Pompeii Smoker
Thanks for the input everyone!
Ken, cool information. Can I ask how you insulated? Did you use vermiculite or the ceramic board and blanket?
Re: Pompeii Smoker
One more - I still like the idea of placing the floor bricks on their sides. A bit more mass there would be a bonus for maintaining a nice hot cooking surface for pizza etc.
Re: Pompeii Smoker
Re: Pompeii Smoker
Ken's oven seems well insulated and I'm sure that helps with the curves!
What kind of woods are you using for smoking?
....and welcome!
Re: Pompeii Smoker
I generally use wild cherry to fire the cooker, but have been known to use hickory, oak, and maple as well. My primary hobby is woodworking so the scraps and cutoffs generally find their way into the smoker following a project.
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Spend the summer in the dirt...
You will garden, teach, and study at one of four school-based gardens in North Minneapolis:
• Plymouth Youth Center
• Phyllis Wheatley Community Center
• Hmong International Academy
• CityView Elementary
by taking CI 5540: Service Learning and Urban Science Education
The course is designed for undergraduates and will integrate theories of service learning and urban science education. You will work with elementary students to teach science through the context of gardening. No prerequisites required. Class will meet at University of Minnesota UROC building in North Minneapolis and at School based gardens. For more information email email@example.com.
CI 5540 Service Learning in Urban Science Education Context, 3 credit,
Taught by, Bhaskar Upadhyay
Class Time: 9-12 7/7/2010-8/5/2010
Class Lecture/Discussion: 7/7 - 7/13; 7/22; 8/5 (M, T, W, Th)
Service Learning: 7/14 -7/21; 7/26 - 8/4 (M-Th) [3-4hrs/day]


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Carmen Electra Had to Warm Up to Her Stage Name
Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher Are Married!
Meet the Kutchers! Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher have finally tied the knot.Yahoo Celebrity
Jessica Simpson and Eric Johnson's Most Lovey-Dovey Pics
To mark their first wedding anniversary, we decided to take a look back at the couple's incredibly romantic year.Yahoo Celebrity
#TBT: Hollywood Newcomer Tom Cruise Hits the Red Carpet With Heather Locklear
Remember when Tom Cruise posed with "Dynasty" star Heather Locklear at the premiere of "Taps" in 1981? Yeah, we didn't either until we dug up this pic.Yahoo Celebrity
Channing Tatum: 'I Would've Tapped Out' During Childbirth
The new movie Magic Mike XXL shows star Channing Tatum baring his rock-hard abs, along with some hot dance moves. He showed his softer side while opening up about his wife of nearly six years, Jenna Dewan Tatum, and their 2-year-old daughter, Everly, in a new interview with Vanity Fair.Yahoo Celebrity
Kim Kardashian Admits She's Always Had a Type, Shares Her Dad's Advice About Interracial Dating
Just because she built an empire from a sex tape and taking selfies doesn't mean Kim Kardashian isn't like the rest of us — at least in some ways.Yahoo Celebrity
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23 Rare Photos From History That'll Blow Your Mind
A hidden stash of photographs depicting some of the greatest scenes of the 20th Century has been discovered in a basement flat in London. (Gallery).
Beyoncé Goes Rainbow Carnival in Support of Marriage Equality
In celebration of same-sex marriage legalization, Beyoncé recreated her "7/11" music video.Yahoo Celebrity
Kim Kardashian 'Was Shaking' Learning Caitlyn Jenner's Secret 12 Years Before the Rest of the World
She says she initially feared that Jenner "was going to come after me."Yahoo Celebrity
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner Will Continue Living Together — the Hip Way of Consciously Uncoupling in Hollywood
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner may be divorcing, but they will continue to reside together — for now — to co-parent their three children.Yahoo Celebrity
Jim Carrey Is Not Wild About California's New Mandatory Vaccination Law
The anti-vaxxer comedian unleashed a fiery tirade against a new law that requires all California schoolchildren to be vaccinated.Yahoo Celebrity
- Crow.comSponsored
See The Next Big Thing In SUVs For 2015
Learn about the 2015 SUVs that will change the way you drive. See how they compare in terms of luxury, power, pricing, storage, and practicality
Kendra Wilkinson and Hank Baskett Get Even More Mileage Out of His 'Cheating Scandal'
Kendra Wilkinson and Hank Baskett are finally speaking out about his "cheating scandal" and the story is pretty bizarre.Yahoo Celebrity
Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck's 20 Most Candid Quotes About Marriage
Just one day after marking their 10th wedding anniversary on June 29, Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck announced they were divorcing. But as every couple knows, a successful marriage takes work, which is why we always appreciated the fact that the two weren't afraid to speak out openly and honestly…Yahoo Celebrity
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner Announce Plans to Divorce
The couple confirms they're splitting after 10 years of marriage.Yahoo Celebrity
How Director Kevin Smith Dropped 85 Pounds
Kevin Smith would never be forced to buy two seats on an airplane now.Yahoo Celebrity
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Mariah Carey Makes Emotional Visit to Western Wall With New Boyfriend — Is a Wedding Next?
The songstress and her billionaire boyfriend, James Packer, returned to solid ground to make a pilgrimage to the holy site in the Old City of Jerusalem. They also had dinner with Prime Minister Netanyahu.Yahoo Celebrity
Geez, Who Isn't Selena Gomez 'Dating' This Summer?
According to the Internetz, she's been trying to look "good for" several gents.Yahoo Celebrity
The Rock Opens Up About Longtime Girlfriend Lauren Hashian: 'You Gotta Get the Better Half in There'
Dwayne Johnson says his girlfriend of 8 years and his daughter are the reason for all the "cool s--t and success."Yahoo Celebrity
Apparently, Carrie Underwood Is 'Someone Famous'
The country star had a field day when a local TV station in Nashville reported that her husband, Nashville Predators hockey player Mike Fisher, signed a new two-year, $8.8 million contract and described in him as "married to someone famous."Yahoo Celebrity
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Most Beautiful Celebrities Over 50 Years Old
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Harper Beckham Proves Her Minions Fandom With Dad's New Tattoo
The 3-year-old inked her father, David Beckham.Yahoo Celebrity
Petty Girls? Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea Feud Over Flop
Sometimes famous, talented women get pitted against each other in the media for no reason. Other times, famous, talented women — in this case Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea — pit themselves against each another.Yahoo Celebrity
TMI, John Legend! Singer Makes Wife Chrissy Teigen Blush
Shockingly, Chrissy Teigen doesn't want to share everything.Yahoo Celebrity


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Project 6 of 8
The growBot Garden Symposia taught small-scale agriculturalists about sensing, robotics, and digital technology through design-oriented workshops. The projects aimed to engage this community in a discussion about the failings of industrial agricultural technology, as well as generate speculative participatory design proposals for the future of urban agriculture.
Participants learned basic concepts...
show more »


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Loading Joobili ...
Oh Bej! Oh Bej!
From: 2015.12.05 To: 2015.12.08
Official website:
Mounds of coloured candy, doughnuts with sprinkles and sweet frosting, gooey sweet crepes, and mounds of cotton candy brighten up the stalls of the Milano Christmas Market, called Oh Bej! Oh Bej! The annual market characterized by sweet tastes - and the smell of roasting chestnuts - is no secret to local kids, whose expression of delight became the de facto name of this traditional event. While the market is actually held in honour of the city's patron saint, Saint Ambrose a 4th century bishop, the name comes from children shouting "che belli! che belli," (how pretty! how pretty!) upon arrival at the market. In the Milanese dialect, this sounds more like "oh bej! oh bej!" and hence, the name. Indeed, the market is very pretty. Held near the Basilica di San Ambrogio, it is the largest cultural event of the winter, and the event generally coincides with the opening performances at La Scala, the world's most famous opera house.
Main album


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The latest issue of Scroll Saw Woodworking & Crafts magazine is now available!
Below you'll find direct links to this issue's online bonus material.
Not yet a subscriber? Subscribe today!
The link is broken and within the link the firs link is broken for the puzzling art form link.lol okay, I had to read this more than once.... :icon12:


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Rate and track your favorite beers with Brewski Me
AppsVersusRobots have updated their beer tracking app, Brewski Me, with the ability to give half-star ratings and more awards.
- Check into beers and locations
- Discover and share new beers
- See what your friends are drinking and meet other beer geeks
- Rate and review beers
- Create your beer Wish List
- Stock your Beer Cellar and keep track of your Favorites
- Earn Award Caps
The update includes:
- The number one requested feature: half-star ratings! Dial in your brew reviews!
- Bug fixes, including those with 24-hour format devices.
- New background features to enable more awards!
My husband is a huge beer fan (and snob), so I look forward to using this to keep track of his favorites. Now I won't have to ruin the surprise of bringing beer home by calling to ask him which kind to get!
Brewski Me is free for the iPhone. Screenshots after the break.
Have an app you'd love to see featured on TiPb? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, tell us about your app (include an iTunes link), and we'll take a look.
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Reader comments
Rate and track your favorite beers with Brewski Me
another @Untappd user here - will try this one but hoping Untappd comes out with their native app soon.
get a great price on an apple I pad, All sizes and styles available at the best price online (new and used) just by clicking on or copy and pasting the link here.............http://tinyurl.com/apple-ipad-multiplestyles


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The sum is over all components, including the solvent in the case of a chemical solution. As indicated above, the same ratio is obtained using the number of molecules of , , and the total number of molecules of all kinds, .
where is the Avogadro constant ≈ 6.022 x 1023 mol. By definition, the sum of the mole fractions equals one, a normalization property.
Mole fractions are one way of representing the concentrations of the various chemical species. They are an ideal-mixture approximation to the effect of concentration on the equilbrium or rate of a reaction. In practice (except for very dilute solutions or for gasses at atmospheric pressure), all measures of concentration must be multiplied by correction factors called activity coefficients in order to yield accurate results.
The mole fraction is sometimes denoted by the lower case Greek letter (chi) instead of a Roman .
Mole fractions are dimensionless numbers. Other ways of representing concentrations, e.g., molarity and molality, yield dimensional quantities (per litre, per kilogram, etc.). When chemical formulas seem to be taking the logarithms of dimensional quantities, there is an implied ratio, and such expressions can always be rearranged so that the arguments of the logarithms are dimensionless numbers, as they must be.
As an example, if a mixture is obtained by dissolving 10 moles of NaCl in 90 moles of water, the mole fraction of NaCl in that mixture is 0.1.
For mixtures of molecules of differing sizes, see: volume fraction.


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Re your article, 'Too many bottles break the bank' (18 April). Recycling is not the answer to the current and future crisis in refuse disposal. The way forward is to reduce the amount of rubbish produced. In terms of the domestic refuse scene, this can only be achieved by reversing the trend towards disposability and cutting down on the variety of packaging materials on the market.
The Women's Environmental Network is demanding a return to refill and return systems and that hazardous materials such as PVC are phased out. Also that packaging systems which waste resources and cause problems in recycling into new products are banned.
In its original incarnation the European Commission's Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste embraced these goals. Now, however, it states that there must be no discrimination between packaging materials (so refill systems will not benefit); that countries who go further than the letter of ...
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Jonathan spoke at a special session in honour of the late Yakowa and Azazi before suspending the weekly Federal Executive Council (FEC).
Speaking after the session, Jonathan said the FEC meeting was suspended for the year and "the next meeting is to hold by January 9, 2013." The council also observed a minute silence in honour of the victims.
Speaking during the valedictory session, Jonathan said the victims served the country well. He said Yakowa "was a different class of politician. Most of us who are politicians exploit religious sentiments to divide Nigerians for our own selfish gains. We exploit North South divide to divide Nigerians for our selfish gains. But Yakowa was very different. He was gentleman who believed in the unity of this country."
On Azazi, Jonathan said he first met him in 2004 when "the then Brigadier Azazi was made the Director of Military Intelligence (DMI). I was then the deputy governor of Bayelsa, somebody came to me that one of our own has been made the DMI and that was a prestigious posting in the Army and we had a little party for him.
"The Minister of Niger Delta just told us that Azazi has a 90-year-old mother, can you imagine how a 90-year-old mother will mourn a son who did very well?"
Jonathan condoled with the families of the deceased.
On his part, Vice President Namadi Sambo described Yakowa as a rare breed politician saying he was a bridge builder.
All the ministers that spoke eulogised the virtues of the deceased and prayed for their souls.


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After "The Catcher in the Rye" exploded onto the literary scene in 1951, author J.D. Salinger had what every writer yearns for -- money, fame and critical acclaim. "Catcher" became a touchstone for the teenage culture just emerging in post-World War II America, and has remained one for every generation of youths since.
But instead of basking in celebrity, Salinger walked away and slammed the door.After one brilliant novel, a novella and a couple of dozen short stories, he turned his back on the cult hunger for his writing and after 1965 refused to publish further. He guarded his privacy so fiercely that he sued to keep his words out of print.
Whether a cover-up for writer's block or the ultimate expression of the alienation that defined his most famous protagonist, Holden Caulfield, Salinger's stubborn silence only enlarged the cult. He remained an enigma to his death.
Salinger, 91, died of natural causes Wednesday at his home in Cornish, N.H., according to a statement from his longtime literary agency, Harold Ober Associates, which made the announcement on behalf of Salinger's family.
"Despite having broken his hip in May, his health had been excellent until a rather sudden decline after the new year," the statement said.
Citing the author's "lifelong, uncompromising desire to protect and defend his privacy," the statement said there would be no service and requested "that people's respect for him, his work and his privacy be extended" to his family.
Asked if any new Salinger writing will be published, his agent, Phyllis Westberg, declined to comment.
Perhaps no other writer of so few known works generated as much popular and critical interest as Salinger, whose oeuvre includes "Franny and Zooey" (1961) and the collections "Nine Stories" (1953) and "Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters; and Seymour: An Introduction" (1963). The New Yorker published his last short story -- "Hapworth 16, 1924" -- in 1965.
His silence provoked a range of reactions from literary critics, some characterizing it as a form of cowardice and others as a cunning strategy that, despite its outward intentions, helped preserve his mythical status in American culture. Still others interpreted his withdrawal as the deliberate spiritual stance of a man immersed in Eastern religions, particularly Zen Buddhism and Hindu Vedantic philosophy.
Seeking meaning
Salinger's stories -- heavily autobiographical, humorous and cynical -- focused on highly idiosyncratic urban characters seeking meaning in a world transformed by the horrors of World War II, in which Salinger was a direct participant.
Caulfield, his stellar fictional creation from "Catcher in the Rye," was, like the author, unsuccessful in school and inclined to retreat from a world he perceived as hostile to his needs.
A prototypical misfit, Caulfield became a fixation for the criminally disturbed, including Mark David Chapman, who killed John Lennon, and John Hinckley Jr., who shot President Reagan. But Caulfield's compassion for children and other underdogs resonated with the generation that came of age in the 1960s.
Renowned psychiatrist Robert Coles said that when he lived in the South in the late 1950s and early '60s, "scarcely a day went by that Salinger's name wasn't mentioned" by the young civil rights workers. Tom Hayden, the former '60s radical and California legislator who read "Catcher" as a teenager, called Caulfield one of several "alternative cultural models," along with novelist Jack Kerouac and actor James Dean, whose life crises "spawned not only political activism, but also the cultural revolution of rock 'n' roll."
"Catcher" began to appear on college reading lists in the '60s along with Joseph Heller's "Catch-22" and Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse Five," but critic John Seelye, among other analysts, would later conclude that in "acting as a transcendental Special Prosecutor of Adult Values and making straight the way for the protest movements of the '60s," Salinger led the way. In the ensuing decades "Catcher" became one of the most-taught and most-banned books in the country.
Salinger also created the neurotic Glass family, which first appeared in stories published in the 1940s and '50s. Among the best-known are two long pieces published in the New Yorker in the 1950s and later combined into the book "Franny and Zooey."
An unauthorized collection, "The Complete Uncollected Short Stories of J.D. Salinger," was mysteriously published in 1974 and went out of print after some 25,000 copies were sold. It contained 21 pieces from the 1940s that Salinger never wanted reprinted. The bootlegged edition so outraged the author that he broke two decades of silence when he sued to stop its sale.
In a rare interview, Salinger not only condemned the pirating but also tried to explain his extraordinary reluctance to share his writing with readers.
"There is a marvelous peace in not publishing," he told the New York Times in 1974. "It's peaceful. Still. Publishing is a terrible invasion of my privacy. I like to write. I love to write. But I write just for myself and my own pleasure."
J.D. Salinger dies at 91; reclusive author of 'The Catcher in the Rye'
Salinger, whose 1951 novel created a lasting symbol of teenage discontent, died Wednesday at his remote New Hampshire home. He refused interviews for years and published his last story in 1965.
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American novelist and short-story writer J.D. Salinger. The new documentary "Salinger" looks into the life of the mysterious author. (Evening Standard / Getty Images / July 16, 1951)
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Teen Choice Awards 2012: Why Didn't Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez Walk the Pink Carpet Together?
Among the sea of celebs walking the pink carpet at tonight's 2012 Teen Choice Awards, one couple was noticeably not seen posing for photo ops together!
Singer/heartthrob Justin Bieber showed up at the awards show and was photographed with his musical protege, Carly Rae Jepsen, and will.i.am, while current girlfriend Selena Gomez walked the pink carpet solo. The former Disney star presented the first award of the night for Choice Comedian along with New Girl star Zooey Deschanel.
After finishing her presenting duties, Selena took a seat next to Justin in the front row of the Gibson Amphitheatre to enjoy the rest of the show.
Whew! For a second, we were worried that those pesky breakup rumors were turning out to be true.
Fall in "Like" with us! For the latest from Wetpaint Entertainment, Like us on Facebook or Follow us on Twitter.


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CitationsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Syphilis section of Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR, 59(RR-12): 1–110. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5912a1.htm?s_cid=rr5912a1_w.U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2009). Screening for syphilis infection in pregnancy: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 150(10): 705–709.Other Works ConsultedChernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis:
Saunders.Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009).
Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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Jython: Java-Based Python Interpreter Hits Version 2.2
The Jython project has released version 2.2 of its Java-based interpreter for the Python scripting language.
The first stable release of Jython for six years implements version 2.2 of the Python language. The release also includes new features from the Jython developer version 2.1 including new style classes, new import hooks (based on PEP 302), and the integration of Java lists. Other new features include iterators, generators and SSL support. For a comprehensive list of changes and bugfixes, see the changelog.
Jython is an implementation of the Python language that was written completely in Java, whereas the traditional Python interpreter is a C program. Jython compiles Python classes to build Java byte code which can be run on a Java Virtual Machine. Jython thus builds a bridge between the two languages: Python applications can use Java's class libraries, and Java applications can use Python scripting.
The reworked Jython installer is available for downloading as a typical Java Jar archive; the source code is available from the project's CVS.
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
NoScript Flaw
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.


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The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
On Saturday 19 September 2009, Alex Mandel wrote:
> Bill Kendrick wrote:
> >
> > Considering that one size doesn't necessarily fit all, I thought it'd be
> > fun to learn how people are using software (esp. in ways other than
> > as a repository for their source code). Bill offered to talk about how
> > he uses RCS, CVS, etc., and suggested doing a round-table.
> >
> > Right now I've got it tentatively penciled in for our March 15th meeting,
> > and was wondering who else out here would like to talk about the subject?
> >
> > Thanks!
> I'll help if I'm available to participate. My focus would be on Central
> vs. DVCS and teaching version control to people who have never used it
> and aren't necessarily programmers or from a CS background.
Sounds good to me.
vox mailing list
Hosting provided by:
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Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


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The San Diego Mesa College Classified Senate strives to enhance organizational effectiveness and fluidiity in order to support explemary teaching and learing on campus and throughout the District. The Senate functions to fulfill its mission, work toward its vision, all while encompassing its core values.
The San Diego Mesa College Classified Senate shall represent classified staff in the shared governance process, promote community involvement and encourage professional growth, leadership and responsiblity.
The San Diego Mesa College Classified Senate shall maximize involvement and awareness of classified staff as as driving force within the governance process in order to enrich our community and promote student success.
Leadership Respect Professionalism
Inclusiviity Scholarship Participation
Representation Diversity Communication


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Mount Saint Mary Academy is a private, Catholic, college preparatory school for young women in grades 9 through 12. A Mount education challenges each student to develop her fullest potential in a Christian atmosphere of love and caring. Students grow in confidence and character as they prepare for college and beyond. The Mount remains a place where innovation shapes the learning environment while timeless values serve as the foundation. A wealth of opportunities abounds - challenging College Prep, Honors, and Advanced Placement courses; one-to-one computing; cultural electives in drama, music, and art; 11 varsity sports; and numerous co-curricular activities. One hundred percent of Mount students are accepted into college, and in 2012, 84 seniors earned more than $9.5 million in scholarships and grants. Four years at the Mount truly inspire a lifetime. Join us for Open House on Sunday, October 21 from 1:00-4:30 p.m.
Is this your company? Update or enhance your listings »


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Travelodge Birmingham Bullring
|No clasificado
This hotel is just a few minutes away from the impressive Birmingham Bullring Shopping Centre and offers a variety of wider transport links through the nearby Birmingham New Street and Moor Street train stations and Birmingham Coach station. The ThinkTank Science Museum and International Convention Centre are both within a mile's reach of the hotel. A little further afield, you can find the National SEA LIFE Centre, National Indoor Arena and The Jewellery Quarter.
The hotel has recently been updated with our fresh new look and features Travelodge's new room design complete with Dreamer Bed so you can be sure of a great night's sleep.
Early/Late Check-In/Out Service – if you're looking to make the most of your day we can offer an Early Check-In service from 12:00noon and a Late Check-Out Service until 2pm so you have more time to relax - cost is £10 per service, per room, subject to availability - bookable direct by telephoning the hotel.
For guests wishing to bring domestic pets please contact LateRooms.com for more detail on charges and terms and conditions. Please note that Guide dogs, Hearing dogs, and other animals to aid disability are exempt from charge.


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14th May 2013
Bret Easton Ellis slams GLAAD and says gay basketball player Jason Collins treated like a 'baby panda' 75
1:57 PM — Gay author Bret Easton Ellis has denounced the recent media coverage given to gay basketball player Jason Collins, and slammed LGBT advocacy group GLAAD.
30th January 2013
Paris Hilton auctions off perfume and donate proceeds to GLAAD 2
1:13 PM — Paris Hilton is auctioning off a personalised bottle of her perfume on eBay, and will donate all proceeds to the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation.
16th January 2013
GLAAD nominates Frank Ocean and Adam Lambert for media awards
2:08 PM — Singers Frank Ocean and Adam Lambert have been nominated for GLAAD Media Awards, as well as the NBC series, The New Normal, Tom Hanks film, Cloud Atlas and the Buffy the Vampire Slayer comic book series.
25th December 2012
Feature: The weirdest and most unexpected LGBT stories of 2012 3
7:40 PM — As 2012 draws to a close, PinkNews.co.uk takes a look back at the most important stories of the last twelve months. While we have looked at the top fifteen stories that have changed LGBT life the UK this year, this category is dedicated to the strangest stories of the year: the news in 2012 which took us completely by surprise.
26th September 2012
Adam Lambert says Paris Hilton is 'not worth it' after homophobic remarks 14
11:53 PM — The openly gay former American Idol contestant, Adam Lambert, has said he doesn't care about what Paris Hilton had to say about gay men.
25th September 2012
US: TV station drops Paris Hilton documentary following AIDS remarks 6
9:23 PM — The US cable channel, Logo, has dropped a 2007 documentary about Paris Hiton from its schedule, because of the controversial remarks she made in the back of a cab about gay men and AIDS.
24th September 2012
Comment: We must stop apologising for being like everybody else 40
4:37 PM — Writing for PinkNews.co.uk, Chris Ward takes celebrity heiress Paris Hilton to task over her recent homophobic outburst.
23rd September 2012
Bret Easton Ellis defends Paris Hilton's anti-gay remarks 74
10:55 PM — Bret Easton Ellis, the author of American Psycho, says he agrees with Paris Hilton's recent homophobic comments about gay men.
21st September 2012
Paris Hilton apologies for saying gay men are 'disgusting' 68
11:05 AM — Paris Hilton has issued a lengthy public apology after she was secretly recorded making homophobic comments to a gay friend in a taxi.
20th September 2012
Paris Hilton: Gay men are 'disgusting' and most probably have 'AIDS' 103
5:19 PM — US reality star Paris Hilton has been caught making a series of homophobic remarks to a gay friend in the back of a taxis.


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Too much precipitate. Help out a first timer!
I'm trying to crystalliza a protein inhibitor complex. I added 1 microliter of 100 mm NADP, 1 microliter of 100 mm DUMP, and 1 microliter of 50 mm inhibitor to 50 microliters of protein. of incubated them. In the wells I put a mix of Sodium Phosphate, Potassium, Ethylene Glycol, Phosphate Citrate, and Water. The hanging drop was 2 microliters of the protein, 1 microliter of water, and 1 microliter of what was in the well.
I cant list all the combos of chemicals in the wells, but I'll list a few:
55 microliters sodium phosphate, 55 microliters potassium, 22.5 microliters ethylene glycol, 50 microliters phosphate citrate, and 67.5 microliters of water in the first well. The other wells were pretty similar to that.
I got a lot of precipiate when I did this last time and my PI wants me to figure out what is the problem. Thnaks
Re: Too much precipitate. Help out a first timer!
check the concentration of your protein.
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The first generation to grow up with the Internet is entering the workforce, and they don't want your silly training programs or manuals. If the tools you provide for work aren't intuitive, they won't want to use them - and might not want to work for you at all.
"They expect technology should work without getting trained," said Rowan Trollope, the head of Cisco's Collaboration Technology group. "You should be able to figure it out. That's the art of consumer technology, is taking the complex and making it so anyone can do it." He pointed to his iPhone. "If I can hand this to my five-year-old and he can figure it out, well then, why shouldn't this apply to my desktop phone, or a videoconferencing device?"
Trollope spoke on a panel about millennials in the workforce at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco last night, alongside Todd Carlisle, director of staffing for Google, and Melissa Daimler, head of Organizational effectiveness for Twitter. In a conversation before the panel, Trollope explained how he's applying the principles of consumerization to the products he oversees at Cisco.
"I've told my team, no more manuals. If I can't figure it out, a valid excuse is not 'read the manual.'" When Trollope joined Cisco about a year ago, where he oversees all the company's videoconferencing and collaboration tools (like WebEx), one of the first things he did was test his group's own products.
"We took one of our products called Jabber and I ran through the installation process, which had 11 steps, and one of the first questions was to enter the TFTP server." This violates one of the first tenets of product design, as first expressed by Bill Gates: Never ask the user a question they can't answer. "So we've eliminated all these 11 steps in setting up Jabber and gotten it down to one: your username and your password." Doing this isn't easy, but the vendors and IT departments who don't take the trouble to simplify their products for users will lose valuable younger talent to more nimble competitors.
Trollope also said that younger workers think about status differently than their older peers. The old goal used to be to work your way up to the corner office. Now, the goal is to be able to work from anywhere, any time. "It's flipped. The dream of what it means to be successful in corporate America, the leather chairs and all that, it's gone."
That means that younger workers expect to be connected all the time, using the devices and technologies that they choose -- including their own phones. They also expect to be able to work from home.
[See also: 18 Ways To Make Sure Your Remote Workforce Doesn't End Up Like Yahoo's | The Office Is Dying - Get Ready For Bring Your Own Workplace ]
Cisco's IT department has embraced the BYOD trend and remote work faster than many other companies, but Trollope says that as home bandwidth grows, this style of work will become commonplace. "When I work at home, because I have all this technology at home and a lot of bandwidth, I'm not working alone. I have people around me. I'm constantly on video calls. It's like being at work.With video, and particularly with ambient video, you get to a place where being at home is just as good or better than being in the office."
Cisco recognizes that the millennial generation's expectations may lead to clashes with their managers, so the company has instituted an orientation program for new workers called "Backpacks to Briefcases" that helps them enter the workforce.
One thing to keep in mind: While younger workers don't want to be trained on technology, they do need more reassurance and kudos when they're doing something right.
Google's Carlisle told me that the stereotype of Gen X workers wanting to do things themselves, while millennials need constant pats on the back and approval, is absolutely true. Google collects lots of data about its employees -- in keeping with the company's overall approach -- so this isn't just based on the kinds of subjective impressions that annoying older newspaper columnists like to make about different generations.
Carlisle also told a story on the panel about how Google used to grant big stock awards for spectacular performance. When they asked employees their favorite thing about the awards, they were surprised to find out it wasn't the financial incentive -- rather, employees loved having their parents in attendance when they got the reward. In response, Google has instituted a regular "Take Your Parents to Work Day."
Google is an extreme example of going out of the way to please workers -- that's because Silicon Valley companies are in a crazy-competitive hiring market -- but the simple fact is that millennials will make up a quarter of the workforce in 10 years. That means all companies -- and their IT groups -- are going to have to adapt.