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Thank you very much, John. This conference is impressive, and it's filling an important need. And certainly we congratulate you and thank you for your foresight and your leadership.
Ministers, distinguished officials, military and civilian.
It is certainly a pleasure for me to be back in this vibrant and historic city. I want to thank the government and the people of Singapore for their very gracious hospitality and the excellent dinner last evening. I commend Prime Minister Lee for his thoughtful remarks. Certainly they provided an excellent foundation for the discussions that we'll be having in the days ahead.
Singapore's emergence as a key contributor to security in the region is both significant and welcome. The Strategic Framework Agreement signed last summer between our two nations is increasing the depth and the texture of our partnership.
I want to express my deepest sympathies for the people of the United States to Minister Sudarsono and the people of Indonesia in the wake of the earthquake last week. At President Bush's direction, the U.S. Pacific Command under Admiral Fallon is working with other nations to support the Indonesian government in its efforts to bring relief to the survivors and the injured.
Since the inaugural session in 2002, this Shangri-La conference has become the premier forum for exchanging views on security and progress in the Asia-Pacific region.
One of the reasons that the Shangri-La Dialogue has been so successful is because it strives to be inclusive. I believe John said that we have representatives here from more than 20 nations today -- including nations that over the years have at times been adversaries. These gatherings are an important reminder of just how far many nations have come, not only in economic and political development, but in achieving a good measure of reconciliation after the conflicts of the past century.
Today we face a situation in the Pacific, and indeed globally, where, paradoxically, more nations are freer then ever before, yet freedom is increasingly under assault -- by the designs of violent extremists and rogue regimes.
In the present security environment, cooperation among free nations is not simply desirable, it's critical. It's instructive, it seems to me, to reflect on some of the historic shifts in this area -- in America's approach to long-standing allies, as well as new multinational partnerships -- and to consider some of the challenges that we'll be facing in the period ahead.
First, it's useful to note that in the past five years, in terms of defense and security cooperation, the United States has done more things, with more nations, in more constructive ways, than at any time in our history. Many of our partnerships date back to the early years of the Cold War, some as far back as World War II. These relationships have been updated and modernized in recent years, in keeping with the new circumstances of the 21st Century. And other relationships barely existed, if at all, merely a few years ago, yet are growing in importance today. Consider our ties with formerly communist Mongolia, which has deployed troops to Iraq and to Afghanistan, and is starting a regional peacekeeping center; and with
Vietnam, which I look forward to visiting after this conference, and which will see the 4th visit by a U.S. Navy ship in as many years later this summer, our first such visit since 1975. Similarly, we're working with the Philippines -- one of our oldest allies -- in the transformation of their armed forces. We must also consider the emergence of Indonesia, one of the world's largest and youngest democracies. In the aftermath of our close cooperation following the tragic Tsunami, we've normalized our defense relationship, after many years of being estranged -- a new partnership that provides potential for both of our countries. Then there's our relationship with India, which has grown from an uneasy co-existence during the Cold War to a true partnership, based on our common values and common interests today; And with Pakistan, also represented here today at a very high level, a key ally in the war against violent extremists. Indeed, Pakistan exemplifies the importance of developing and maintaining mutually beneficial military to military relationships.
One indication of how far things have progressed with Pakistan, in a relatively short period of time, is that just over a month ago a Pakistani admiral took command of a combined naval task force that has included ships from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, Spain, Canada, Italy, Turkey, and Portugal. The task force patrols the waterways of the Middle East from the Gulf of Oman to the Southern Border of Kenya in the Indian Ocean, as part of a campaign against piracy and terrorism.
This joint training and security cooperation has proven increasingly valuable and indeed necessary in recent years.
Consider that one of the reasons the United States and Thailand were able to respond so quickly, and work together so seamlessly, after the catastrophic Tsunami, was that we have had upwards of two decades of joint training and collaboration at the annual Cobra Gold exercises. These exercises have expanded to include several other Asian nations, with a new focus on peacekeeping and on humanitarian disaster response -- a focus that has been validated by more recent events in this part of the world.
The breadth and depth of these activities reflect an important and constructive trend: for much of my adult lifetime, security and stability in the Pacific was maintained essentially by a network of bilateral defense relationships between the United States and our allies and partners. This was notably unlike the situation in Europe, where we had a relatively large and more formal alliance -- the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. But now we see an expanding network of security cooperation in this region, both bilaterally between nations and multilaterally among nations -- with the United States as a partner. We see this as a welcome shift.
We see this at work in the Straits of Malacca, where Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia are coordinating patrols to combat the ancient scourge of piracy on the high seas.
This type of maritime security cooperation is critical to the success of the Proliferation Security Initiative put forward by President Bush, an initiative that now has the support of more than 70 nations in its efforts to try to stop dangerous weapons and material from being transported to or from terrorists and rogue regimes.
Inclusive, multinational institutions and activities such as this conference, as well as the ASEAN Regional Forum, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), are leading the way. Of course, these institutions are not formal military alliances, like NATO, or treaties, like the World Trade Organization, that have binding commitments. But they do provide arenas for dialogue where diverse nations, with shared interests, can engage each other in different and flexible ways and fashion constructive approaches to common problems.
The United States, for our part, has also looked to modernize our traditional alliances and relationships.
Consider that South Korea is no longer the devastated, impoverished nation it was at the end of the Korean War. It has a large, capable military. It is properly seeking greater responsibility for its own defense. So while we have upgraded our overall deterrent capabilities on the Korean Peninsula and in North Asia generally, we are able to reduce and adjust the U.S. military footprint in South Korea.
So too our relationship with Japan. A month ago, Secretary Rice and I met with our counterparts -- Minister Nukaga is here today -- to sign an historic agreement representing probably the most significant realignment of U.S. forces there in many decades.
The changes that have taken place in Japan, just within the span of my lifetime, have been truly remarkable.
At the end of World War II -- when most of Europe and much of Asia lay in ruins -- no one really could have imagined what course the world would take in the following 60 years. So, too, today, it's difficult to imagine what the world might look like in even 20 or 30 or 40 years from now, and what types of challenges we may face.
We do know that what Asia will look like 50 years from now will depend importantly on the choices that are made by the countries represented in this room. And we do have choices.
The emergence of Japan, South Korea, and Australia as important players in global, as well as regional security, has been one of the welcome international developments of recent years, and the extent of their contributions in the years to come can have a significant impact on the stability and prosperity of the Pacific in future decades.
Consider as well the growing threat of ballistic missiles in the hands of rogue regimes, by which some nations seek to intimidate neighbors. The U.S. and Japan are working closely together to field a missile defense system to ensure that this kind of blackmail will not succeed.
The way ahead for other nations will be something that our country will watch closely. Consider Russia -- a nation with vast natural resources, an educated people, and a rich heritage of scientific and cultural achievements. Like our people, they are threatened by violent extremists. They are a partner in some security issues, and, on the whole our relationship is better than it has been in decades. But in other ways Russia has been less helpful, as when they seek to constrain the independence and freedom of action of some of their neighboring countries.
And consider China, also represented here at this conference. The Chinese people are of course educated, talented, and live in a nation with great potential. China has a strong economic growth rate today and an industrious workforce. But there are aspects of China's actions that can complicate their relationships with other nations. As we discussed last year, a lack of transparency with respect to their military investments understandably causes concerns for some of their neighbors.
Consider North Korea. The future of the Pacific Rim will depend also on the path North Korea takes. Will it continue to starve and repress its people, threaten its neighbors, and pursue nuclear weapons? Or will it, at some point, do what other nations have done, such as Libya, have done and choose a path which leads back to membership in the community of nations?
With regard to violent extremists in the region, our friends and partners face a complicated set of challenges: whether to openly combat the messages of hate, intolerance, and incitement -- that can in some cases gain traction -- or to try to placate and accommodate those whose vision of the future means that it is acceptable, even desirable to kill innocent men, women, and children if they don't agree. Only by opposing the small minority of violent extremists at every level will free people be successful.
And of course, in addition to the choices made by other countries, there are the choices to be made by the United States. From time to time, in past decades, some of the people in the United States have questioned whether America should be engaged in the world. We've had strains of isolationism in our country which we are all aware of.
But the United States is, and always will be, a Pacific nation. We must, and we will, lean forward and stay fully engaged in this part of the world.
When you think about it, the transformation of much of the Asia Pacific region within the span of my professional life this past half-Century -- from war to reconstruction to reconciliation, from poverty to prosperity and growth, from dictatorships to representative political systems -- it has been nothing short of remarkable.
And by continuing to work together in constructive ways, while mindful and respectful of different perspectives and the different histories and the different interests and the different circumstances of each country, we can ensure that the coming decades in this Hemisphere it will be freer, more peaceful, and more prosperous for all of our citizens, and indeed for generations to come.
I thank you very much and would be happy to respond to some questions.
Question and Answer Session
U.S. Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld
Shangri-La Dialogue
Singapore, June 3, 2006
MODERATOR: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much for detailing the expanding network of bilateral and multilateral ties in the Asia-Pacific. You mentioned many countries, many of whom are represented here tonight -- this morning, rather -- and the floor is open to you all. Who would like to take the floor first, ask the first question? Ralph Cossa.
COSSA: Thank you. Mr. Secretary, you expressed U.S. very strong support for multilateral organizations that the U.S. participates in, such as the ARF and APEC. There's a lot of confusion in the region as to what the U.S. views are toward multilateral organizations that do not include the U.S., specifically ASEAN+3, the East Asia Summit, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization which apparently was issuing the U.S. an eviction notice from Central Asia last year. I wonder if you could explain a little bit what U.S. thinking is on these multi-lateral organizations that the U.S. is not a part of. Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well needless to say, individual countries or groups of countries can arrange themselves any way that they see appropriate. I think a test ought to be what's going to be the most beneficial to the goals that most free countries have -- namely of a peaceful, stable world with prosperous and economic opportunities for their people. The kinds of problems we face today, it strikes me, are in many instances not the kinds of problems that can be successfully dealt with by one country -- any country -- or even with relatively small numbers of countries. The problems we face today are in large measure global. Certainly the problem of terrorism is a global problem; the problem of counter-proliferation is a global problem; the problem of narcotics-flow, piracy, there are any number of problems that simply do not lend themselves to single-country solutions or even small-numbers-of-countries solutions, and therefore our personal preference is for organizations that are inclusive and that thereby have a better chance of being successful in addressing some of the critical and, indeed, dangerous problems that face the world. If you think of the global war on terror, there's something like seventy or eighty nations now involved in assisting in that and putting pressure on terrorist networks across the globe. The counter-proliferation initiative that President Bush instituted is now I believe up, as I said, to sixty nations participating. Small exclusive groups tend not to be able to effectively do the job.
MODERATOR: Thank you very much. Next question was from Mr. Kim Byungki. Thank you.
KIM: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much for your extremely eloquent depiction of the global view. Could you just kindly tell us a little about Africa and Latin America if there is any strategic value to the United States? Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well, clearly, each of those continents is important. They're important to the people that live there, but they're also increasingly important to the rest of the world because of the nature of the global society we live in. Taking Latin America in the first instance, it is an area that we've seen go from dictatorships to, in some cases, democracies of various styles. And more recently, we've seen some countries kind of migrate back to more authoritarian systems. The trend towards freer countries, for example in Latin America, has been very encouraging. I think one of the problems has been that corruption is so corrosive of democracy that it can have the effect of dissuading people from continuing to support democratic systems. And it creates opportunities for more authoritarian leaders, which is an unfortunate thing because in the last analysis, if anyone could look down from Mars on the globe we know of certain knowledge that the countries that do well for their people are the ones that have free economic systems and free political systems. All one has to do is look at the Korean peninsula, and take a satellite picture at night. And above the de-militarized zone it's black -- pitch black -- and below it, it's filled with electricity and energy. The same people north and south, the same resources north and south. The only difference really is that the south has a free political system and a free economic system, and as a result it's the twelfth largest economy on the face of the earth. And in North Korea, the people are starving and repressed. And it's a tragedy. So to see that swing back start in Latin America is discouraging. The situation in Africa is of considerable importance to all of us in this room. From a humanitarian standpoint, the difficulties there of AIDS, the difficulties of lack of food, tribal conflicts, difficulties, and it is something that the world has to be attentive to. And certainly our European Command, General Jones and his team, spend a good deal of time in Africa assisting in various ways, just as our Southern Command from the Department of Defense does in Latin America.
MODERATOR: Mr. Tewari from India.
TEWARI: Mr. Secretary, during your very eloquent address, you referred to violent extremism a couple of times. What I wanted to ask you is does the U.S. contemplate any partnerships to combat the ideological basis of violent extremism, whether it is religious or it is ideological in terms of left-wing or it is separatist? And do you think that combating the ideological basis of violent extremism would really help in the war against terror?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: The struggle that is taking place in that religion is a struggle, in my view, between a relatively small minority of violent extremists against the overwhelming majority of the Muslim people. How is it going to end? It is going to end over a long period of time with the majority prevailing in my view, and what we need to do -- those of us in the world who believe in free systems and don't believe that it's desirable for people to go out and kill innocent men, women, and children as they've done in dozens of nations now -- we need to be supportive of those people who are in fact taking a moderate course, who are in fact providing leadership in their countries. And there are, increasingly, a number of leaders who are doing exactly that. And certainly in Pakistan, we see leadership that is opposing the violent extremists; we see that same kind of leadership in Afghanistan. I am confident the government in Iraq will be of that type, and certainly in Indonesia and other nations. I do think we have to do it. I would say this: I don't think that the most successful people are going to be the people who are not Muslims. I think the most successful people are going to be Muslims and they're going to be people who're going to confront that strain -- that ideology -- directly, and prevail over time because of the opportunities that accrue to people in free systems and because of the fact that the overwhelming majority of the people do not want to be subjected to an extremist ideology by a handful of people.
MODERATOR: The next question was from Mr. Jia, please go ahead
JIA: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much for your eloquent speech.
MODERATOR: If you could just remind us where you come from.
JIA: My name is Jia Qing Guo; I'm from Peking University, from China. There has been much talk in Washington, in Beijing, and in other cities about China as an important stakeholder. I noticed that the Pentagon has not used the concept often. I'm wondering: what's your view and position on the concept? And now it is reported that Mr. Zoellick, the initiator of the concept, is going to leave office, so my question is: will the concept go with him? Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: [chuckles] The answer is no, it will not go with him. He was speaking for the Administration. You may not be aware of it, but I have -- on repeated occasions -- used that phrase, that the People's Republic of China is an important stakeholder in the world system, and as such they have an obligation to see that that system is successful because they benefit so enormously from its success. And I did that when I was in China last year, and I have done it since, and I can assure you that that is the perspective of the United States government.
MODERATOR: Mr. Yan, yes please.
YAN: Thank you, Minister, for your excellent speech. And I just want to hear more about your opinion about military transparency. And currently military transparency becomes a kind of belief that it will help for international security. And also in your speech, you expressed concern that China's lack of military transparency may cause others concern. But actually we find that those countries who want to have a public nuclear weapon program are not more secure or not less of a threat to the world than if they have a secret nuclear weapon program. And also at the same time, we find that the American's military transparency is better than China's, but Americans have been involved in more wars since the end of the Cold War than China. And so can you give us more explanation why military transparency can help for world security?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Which country are you from?
YAN: From China.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Oh. [Laughter] Let me say this about that. Any country clearly has the right to make decisions as to how it wants to invest its resources. That's fair. The question of transparency is simply this: that if a country decides they do want to make various types of investments, the rest of the world has every right -- just as they have a right to make those investments -- the rest of the world has the right, indeed on occasion the need, to try to develop a good understanding of exactly why they're doing that. For what purpose are they making those investments? And to the extent there is reasonable transparency and reasonable public dialogue and reasonable interaction and exchange with neighboring countries and countries of interest, then there is no issue of transparency. It's when there is not a free and open dialogue or discussion, where there are not those kinds of exchanges, where there is a lack of transparency, that people then say "I wonder why there is a lack of transparency. Why is it that we have less understanding of what that country is doing, than, for example, six or eight or ten other countries that are much more open about what it is they are doing?" That's the only issue. It isn't that China ought not to be able to invest in whatever it wants to invest in; the only issue on transparency is China would benefit by demystifying to some extent the reasons why they are investing in what they are investing, in my view. On the other hand, they have a free choice to not do that, and of course, there is a consequence to that just as there is a consequence to almost every choice nations make.
MODERATOR: The next question is Mr. François Heisbourg.
HEISBOURG: Thank you very much. Yesterday evening, Prime Minister Lee raised the issue of Iran's candidacy to join the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which amongst other things, is dedicated to the fight against terror, which is also one of the things the U.S. Department of Defense is involved in. Given Iran's nuclear ambitions, do you believe that it would be wise for China and Russia, as permanent members of the Security Council, to go ahead and admit Iran into the SCO?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well it's not for me to opine as to what they ought to do with respect to the SCO. They'll do whatever it is they decide they think is in their interest. However, it strikes me as passing strange that one would want to bring into an organization that says it's against terrorism one of the nations that's the leading terrorist nation in the world: Iran. On the other hand, there are other organizations that do that. The United Nations has committees where we put nations in charge of committees against things even though the people that we put on there are some of the leading proponents of doing exactly the things that the U.N. committee is supposedly against. These kinds of anomalies exist in our world. But I just can't imagine -- here you have Iran that, by everyone's testimony, is the leading terrorist nation in the world; it's supporting Hamas, it's supporting Hezbollah, it has a long record of being engaged in terrorist activities. And to think that they should be brought into an organization with the hope that it would contribute to an anti-terrorist activity strikes me as unusual.
MODERATOR: Mr. Lee. Thank you very much.
LEE: My name is Chung Min Lee from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. I moved to Singapore last year from South Korea. Mr. Secretary, never in the history of Asia, have two great powers arisen at the same time: China and Japan. How does this affect...
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Wait a minute, excuse me, never have two great powers done what?
LEE: Arisen in Asia at the same time as simultaneous great powers: China and Japan. And so as the Chinese have more robust military capabilities across the board, how does this affect U.S. strategic grand design in Asia over the long term, and have you been able to convince your allies that the Chinese should be of concern strategically in the next ten, twenty, thirty years? Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: [pause] It's interesting that India wasn't mentioned.
LEE: I meant Northeast Asia.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I see. [pause] You mentioned a grand design. You spoke so rapidly I may have lost some of your question but you mentioned grand design by the United States. Our grand design is transparent, to coin a phrase. It is to contribute to peace and stability and prosperity in this region. And it's to work with all the countries of the region and to encourage them in those directions. I don't know that I've found the kernel of your question to address.
LEE: Well, sir, my main point was, as you have China and Japan who are both becoming great powers, not only in economic terms but in strategic terms as well, how does that affect U.S. strategic choices, I guess, in Asia? And have you been able to convince your Asian partners of, quote unquote, the Chinese or the rise of China and what it implies for the region? Do you share, do you believe, the same threat perceptions between yourselves and your key allies in the region?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well certainly our views are very clear. There should be no ambiguity about our views. I think to some extent where you stand depends on where you sit, so it's not surprising that some of our friends and allies that sit in different locations than we do have somewhat different perspectives about what the world looks like to them. And that's understandable. But there should be no ambiguity at all on the part of either China or Japan what our interest in the Pacific is, as I've stated. You say, have we been able to convince our friends and allies. You know, you have marginal success on one thing and marginal lack of success on something else when you're working with sovereign nations; they have their own views and you work with them over time, and no one expects that every one of your friends and allies or countries that you work closely with are necessarily going to agree with everyone else all the time. It's something that evolves over time.
MODERATOR: David Shambaugh, from the United States.
SHAMBAUGH: Mr. Secretary, you mentioned briefly a moment ago your first visit to the People's Republic of China last autumn as Secretary of Defense -- I know you've been there previously -- and subsequent to that Admiral Fallon has made a number of visits. This summer, I believe the Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army is going to visit the United States. Recently at the summit meeting between President Bush and President Hu it was agreed that a nuclear dialogue would be commenced between our two establishments. Clearly, your visits catalyzed some activity in this sphere, or this component of the U.S.-China relationship. I wonder if I could ask you what your vision is for the military-to-military dimension of the U.S.-China relationship. What potential does it have? What inhibiting factors do you see? And more broadly, could you speak to your vision for the strategic cooperation between the United States and China?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well, as you suggested, I've visited China a number of times over the years. My first was in 1974 when Henry Kissinger and I went in to China. And I've gone back periodically since and their progress has been impressive. Our goal from a military to military standpoint is to try to demystify what's taking place, demystify us to them and have them demystify them to us. And we believe that port visits and military exchanges, educational exchanges, particularly at the younger levels, some possibly cooperation in humanitarian assistance so people develop some better understanding of who we are and who they are and the kinds of things we can cooperate on -- we clearly have areas of common interest and in disaster relief and the like. So my hope is that what we'll see over the years will be a multi-faceted relationship between our two countries that will be political and economic, as well as military to military, and that it will evolve in a constructive way as China engages the world more fully as it seems to be doing every year. I'm encouraged that that's the path we're on, I think it's a sensible path and a constructive path, and I think it's a path that's healthy for the region and the world.
MODERATOR: Now from the Brookings Institution, Phil Gordon.
GORDON: Mr. Secretary, in your prepared remarks and in response to at least one of the questions, you referred to Pakistan and its leader as a stalwart ally in the war on terror. Next door in Afghanistan, we have been increasingly hearing from senior leaders, including President Karzai himself, that Pakistan is part of the problem rather than the solution, either indifferent to the reemergence of the Taliban and violence in Afghanistan, or even complicit in it. I wonder if you can comment on how you square the view you expressed on Pakistan and the view one is hearing from Afghanistan.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I think I am right. [Laughter.] There's a lot of history there and they live next to each other. And they are working to sort through some of the historical differences and some of the current perspectives that differ. But, President Karzai has a tough job. He's got a poor country, he has a border where people who are against his government exist and are located, that periodically attack him and his government. And it's not an easy task for President Karzai, and he's doing, in my view, a darn good job. President Musharraf has a tough job. He has one of the toughest jobs in the world, in my view. He has shown terrific leadership, courageous leadership. Terrorists have tried to kill him on several occasions. He understands the dangers of terrorism. And his people have been highly successful in urban areas in rooting out extremists and addressing the problem of violent extremism. They have been less successful in the tribal areas, areas that they historically have not had control over and even access over to any great extent. And it's in the tribal areas, along that Afghan border, where the large portion of the problem has been. He is increasing his capabilities to deal with that set of problems. They are nowhere near at the level that they are with respect to his ability to deal with a similar problem in urban areas, but they are getting better, continuously. I can certainly understand President Karzai's concerns about the fact that terrorists come across that Pakistan-Afghan border, and engage in activities in his country which kill people. He ought to be concerned about it, and he understandably is, but I can also say what I said, that President Musharraf is a courageous man who has done an excellent job in a difficult country in a difficult environment and is clearly dedicated to defeating terrorists, in my view.
MODERATOR: The next question is from Indonesia, Dewi Fortuna Anwar.
ANWAR: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Secretary, you're such an accomplished politician, sometimes we can't pin you down. I'd like to revisit Ralph Cossa's first question.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I'm not a politician. I haven't been in politics since 1968, that's the last time I ran for office.
ANWAR: Okay, but we'd like to pin you down. [Laughter.]
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I'd like to see you try. [Laughter.]
ANWAR: Alright, I'll see if we can wriggle it out. So I'll phrase my question in a way that you'll have to answer. As you see the burgeoning regional community development in East Asia, will Washington remain neutral? Will it try to apply for membership, like Russia is already applying to attend, for example, the East Asia Summit? Or, will the United States think that is a non-starter anyway, so it doesn't have to worry about it? Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I don't know. [Laughter.] I'm the Secretary of Defense of the United States. The question you posed is a question that generally falls in the White House and the Department of State. What steps we'll take going forward, I can't predict because there are so many factors involved. All I do know is that the President is determined. He recognizes that the United States is a Pacific nation. He is determined to see that our country stays engaged in the Pacific region and in South Asia. He believes very strongly that by engaging important countries and the countries of this region on a continuing basis, it is constructive and he recognizes that relationships are not single-faceted, they're multi-faceted. They're economic and political and military. And we need to see that all three of those are linked in appropriate ways with appropriate countries in a manner that contributes to a more prosperous world. How'd I do? [Laughter.] What do you give me, a 'B' or an 'A'? Give me an 'E' for effort, at least.
MODERATOR: The next question is from Ross Babbage. Thank you.
BABBAGE: Thank you, Mr. Secretary, for your presentation. You spoke most eloquently about the broader network of security relations developing in this part of the world and the opportunities that they provide. I'd like really just to draw you out a little, if I may, on the sustainability of this and how we might be able to optimize progress in this field. Because while there are these opportunities and as we are seeing these networks of cooperation develop, at the same time the United States is of course pursuing a very strong modernization program, introducing a wide-range of very advanced technologies and new generation systems. And so, my question really comes to the point of how you perceive the challenges of effectively conducting these combined operations and these combined activities when the gulf between the technological and operational level of the United States and most members of this region is widening. And in particular, how do you think the U.S. needs to prepare its people best for this broader range of cooperative activities? Are there new initiatives that within the U.S. system and within the U.S. military may make sense to strengthen the opportunities for true cooperative partnership development in this part of the world?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Let me take the first part of that. It is true that in this 21st century, we and other countries have found it necessary to recognize that simply being capable of deterring conflict between large armies, navies, and air forces isn't good enough, that there are asymmetric threats and irregular threats that are real and can be deadly, particularly in view of the increasing lethality of weapons that very likely -- in the coming decade -- will be increasingly available, both to nation-states, but also to non-state entities. Therefore, we have to adjust our military capabilities so that we can address and deter and dissuade not simply the conventional, but also the irregular, or the asymmetric, kinds of threats. The contention is made, as your question slightly suggested, that therefore there is a gap between the United States and other countries, or will be a gap. My view is that that's not necessarily the case, that there is no need for every country in the world to have aircraft carriers, for example. There are so many things that need to be done, that in many instances lend themselves to being done by smaller countries. Human intelligence is an example. There are so many things that are needed -- niche capabilities -- special operations, chemical and biological warfare capabilities. There are many, many things that a nation can do without being a large nation with an enormous defense budget.
The second question had to do with new initiatives or institutions. I do worry about that. If one goes back to the Truman presidency in the United States -- I look at it from my country's perspective -- it was a juncture between the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. And the steps that were taken in that period of seven or eight years fit into several categories. One category was new organizations within the United States government: a National Security Council, a Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, dozens of things. Also new institutions for the world's community: banking for example, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and multi-national organizations like the United Nations. There were a whole series of institutions that were developed during that period that have survived almost to this day and were the construct within which nations functioned. And I look at those and I say to myself, "That was impressive." We are now at the juncture at the end of the Cold War and into the 21st Century. A quite different era with different challenges, with problems of ungoverned areas in the world, with problems of countries that are friendly, that you're not at war with, but are -- against their own will -- housing people that you do have to be at war with. I mean, we were not at war with Afghanistan when Osama bin Laden killed 3,000 Americans, launching September 11th. But it was from Afghanistan. I submit that people like the people gathered in this room ought to be thinking about the 21st century, what adjustments might need to be made, or what new institutions might need to be formed. The Department of Defense has been going through a massive set of adjustments and transformation as to how we do things. We've had to. And my hope is that the brilliant people of the world who care about the success of this globe of ours, will think about what Truman did back then, and what we might be doing during this period to either initiate new institutions or fashion new institutions or make adjustments in new institutions, rather than thinking that those that existed from that long ago, fifty years ago -- fifty plus years ago -- are necessarily properly arranged for today. I don't think they are.
Just take one example. I've got nothing against the World Bank or the IMF or the international organizations that assist countries with funding, but I'm enormously attracted to micro-loans for people, that bypass governments. Where governments don't get their bureaucracies' hands on them, and where funds go directly into the hands of people who are able to take that money, invest in whatever it is, a sewing machine or a shop or an activity of some sort, and produce for themselves. There are people doing this. Hernando de Soto has done a great deal of this. Percy Barnevik, the former head of ABB, is doing it in India right now, he's got -- I don't know -- something like I think 100,000 women on micro-loans and the payback, the loss rate I think is 0.5 to 1%, so the funding is all bankable. And the joy of it is the government's not involved. There have to be things we can be doing like that that will help real people, rather than simply sustaining large bureaucracies. And I wish I were wiser, but I throw that out because I think in the security area, we need more peacekeepers in this world. We know we need more peacekeepers. We need more capability on the part of countries who would like to participate in peacekeeping, for other countries that are financially capable to help them train, and to help them equip, and to help them with lift to get in some place, and to have them ready to do it. It's a painfully slow process when the United Nations gets involved in peacekeeping -- it takes time, they get paid six months late, for a lot of reasons, probably partly because the United States pays late. I think we can do an awful lot better job in a number of these areas than we're doing.
MODERATOR: The next question is from Shekhar Gupta, the editor-in-chief of the Indian Express.
GUPTA: Mr. Secretary, a large number of your allies in Asia in the war against terror are democracies of one kind or another. Many of these also have large Muslim populations. How concerned are you of the growing disconnect between their government policies and their respective public opinion on U.S. policies on Iraq and Iran? While, as you say, the majority of Muslims are anti-terrorism and anti-Al Qaeda, we have to accept that today the majority of them are also not friendly toward America, particularly as more bad news comes out from Iraq. This has become to show in our domestic politics in many of our countries. In India, we've had protests against small India-U.S. military exercises. But it's also showing in election results in many of these countries. So, are you now looking at fine-tuning your policies to make adjustments for this, or to improve comfort levels for your allies, or to pare down your expectations from them?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Oh, I think we always have to have realistic expectations. Democratic leaderships have to not only recognize the attitudes of their publics, but also provide leadership with respect to their publics. To the extent one simply follows their publics, it can't be a very satisfying experience. To the extent that leaders provide leadership for their respective publics and does what they believe is right, it seems to me that the world benefits. You said, "How concerned are you?" The answer is, I'm concerned. Needless to say, every country would prefer to be loved and to be respected and to have people agree. I also look at the facts, and the facts are that the United States has been helpful to any number of Muslim countries, in Bosnia and Kosovo. And there are 25 million Afghan people who are free of the Taliban, and they're using their soccer stadiums today for soccer instead of cutting peoples' heads off and that's an improvement.
In Iraq, I don't know, some people like the good old days that never were. But Saddam Hussein was no sweetheart. He put hundreds of thousands of people into mass graves,
and into prisons, and he was giving $25,000 to the families of suicide bombers that screwed up their courage and went out and killed innocent men, women, and children. It seems to me the opportunity that the 26 million people in Iraq have is an important one. Now, do I believe that ultimately truth wins out? Yes, I do. Do I recognize that the United States is closely identified with Israel and that the bulk of that region tends to be anti-Israel and to blame the plight of the Palestinians on the Israelis and by implication on the United States? I do recognize that. And it's a subject that comes up frequently. But it strikes me that over time, if you believe in democracy -- and I do -- we recognize that the essence of it is that the people stake everything on the theory that if the public is given sufficient information, that over time, they'll find their way to right decisions. That's not to say that the press can't go out and spread misinformation. It's not to say that the terrorists aren't enormously successful in manipulating the free press. They have media committees. They lie. They're perfectly willing to do it. They plan how they can attack in a way that will weaken the will of the West, that will weaken the will of people who oppose terrorism. And they're good at it. They're very clever in manipulating the press.
Does that mean we should toss in the towel? I think not. I think the United States clearly has to be sensitive to world opinion. We also have to clearly recognize that we had a minimum of high regard for having 3,000 people killed on September 11th in our country. And we don't intend for it to happen again. We intend to do what we can to put pressure on the terrorists and to work with the other nations of the world to achieve that goal so that fewer innocent men, women, and children are killed. And my guess is, my hope is, my prayer is, that over time the world opinion will see that that is in fact our motive. I read every day that the reason the United States is in the Middle East is for oil. It's not. I can say it's not, but it is not why we're there. We don't intend to stay there and take the Iraqi oil, which is what the argument is. We don't intend to occupy that country for any period of time. Our troops would like to go home. And they will go home. And they'll go home at a pace when we're able, along with our friends and allies in the coalition, to pass off responsibility to the Iraqi security forces so that they can pull up their socks and take responsibility for their own country, which is what they're going to have to do. It will be the Iraqi people that will suppress that insurgency, not the coalition forces, and not foreign forces. But the short answer is yes, I am concerned. When there's broad support, everything is easy; when there's broad opposition, everything is hard. And simply because things are hard doesn't mean that you need to toss in the towel, however, I would add.
MODERATOR: We've got a few more questions. I won't get everybody in because I do want to end on time. But there's been a lot of talk about the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russia-China, so the next question comes from Mikhail Margelov, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Russian Duma.
MR. MARGELOV: Thank you chair. Mr. Secretary, you were right in saying the Russian bear is too big sometimes to be gentle with all its neighbors. But Russia has managed to solve a major dispute with its biggest neighbor, with China, signing and ratifying a border agreement, so there is no basis for any territorial dispute between Russia and China anymore. The question is, how do you see the Russian-Chinese, the Chinese-Russian, relations from an American perspective, meaning what do these relations mean for the U.S.? Thanks.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: You bet. You know, to me it's logical. They're neighbors. They're each a large, important country and it is a healthy thing that they do not have border disputes and that they do not live in a tense relationship. So I'm very positive about the fact that Russia and China have been working together on various aspects of their relationship and seem to have moved away from border difficulties which from time to time have flared up.
MODERATOR: Jonathan Pollack.
POLLACK: Thank you, Mr. Secretary. You've just alluded -- in your speech and in your comments -- to a number of very positive developments in the Asia-Pacific region, and I think we're all heartened by it. But there is one very dissonant and worrisome development that is increasingly evident, and that is a very troubled relationship between China and Japan. We don't have the time to go into all the reasons why, but the U.S., it seems to me, and maybe even DOD, faces a paradox that on the one hand, Japan is a very important ally with the United States, and we're moving ahead, at the same time we're trying to find ways, to identify ways, to move ahead with China. But we face two very powerful states in proximity that seem to have a devil of a time finding a way to get to some kind of a tolerably normal, mutually reinforcing relationship. How concerned should we be about this? By we I mean the United States. And how do, collectively, the United States, China and Japan move toward a shared, or at least a complimentary, approach to Asia-Pacific security in the longer term? I'd appreciate your comments.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: It's a good question. Let me walk around it rather than confronting it. There's a lot of history there. And sometimes it takes time to put pieces of history behind us. There's obviously a lot of history between the United States and Japan. And we've managed to put that behind us. And it is in nobody's interest, in my view, for those two countries to have a relationship on any basis other than a civil, constructive, mutually beneficial relationship. I think it's probably helpful that the United States has relationships with both countries. And I think it's helpful that many other countries in this room have relationships with both Japan and China. And I think it's in all of our interests to try to see that over time, that the countries are able to put behind them the kinds of history that they've shared and move into the 21st century because there are things that we are facing as free people that are challenging and difficult and we can only benefit if we have the kind of cooperation between important states that I've characterized. I was criticized at one point for using a phrase -- I said the mission determines the coalition, rather than the coalition determining the mission. And if one looks at the truth of that today, it's just so obvious that we shouldn't expect every country in the world to agree on everything and if there are serious problems that need to be addressed, we need to fashion coalitions of countries that share that common concern or that common perspective and go at it. And there are so many things out there that Japan and China share. They're both big stakeholders, to go back to the phrase that I use -- although apparently not loudly enough. [Laughter.] They're both enormous stakeholders in the success of this system.
MODERATOR: Kishore Mahbubani, Dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore.
KISHORE: Thank you, Mr. Secretary. In response to one of the questions, you pointed out, Mr. Secretary, how old many of the international organizations are. They were created in Truman's time. And of course, this whole multilateral architecture was created under American leadership, under what I call rather benign American leadership that tried to create a global order that benefited everybody in the world. But the world has changed so much since then, this multilateral architecture is beginning to look a little bit like an antique. Is it conceivable that, at this point in time, the United States would provide the same kind of leadership that Truman provided in 1945 and ask the world what kind of new multilateral architecture the world needs today? And how will the United States help to fashion it?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I think it is possible, but it's not possible for the United States to do it alone. The United States is ready and eager to be a willing and thoughtful and persistent participant in that effort. If one goes and takes a look at the remarks that President Bush made at West Point within the last week, he talks a bit about that construct. I was struck when I went to the Truman Library to give a speech some months back about the similarity of the juncture that he faced and the juncture that we face today. I would cite, for example, the work that we're doing in NATO: the development of a NATO Response Force for the first time, the engagement of NATO outside the NATO treaty area -- in Afghanistan -- for the first time, as an example of an alliance that is adjusting to the 21st century. Clearly the Proliferation Security Initiative that President Bush put forward and has 60 nations participating in now is a potential new institutional structure, construct, that the countries in this room, if they're not participating, I would urge them to participate because it is important that we have that capability to at least have a fighting chance at reducing the flow of these terrible weapons into the hands of non-state entities and rogue nations. The proposals to reform the United Nations are being put forward by various people. So I do think the United States is interested in this. I think it would take people leaning forward and asking those questions: What in the political, in the economic, and in the security area can we do to be better able to contribute to the kind of a world we want? And I see a number of initiatives that have started. I've seen some older institutions that are being adjusted and calibrated to fit the 21st century, and frankly I see some gaps that need attention, and need fresh thinking. And maybe, who knows, maybe John will decide that ought to be a subject of next year's conference.
MODERATOR: Thank you very much for the advice. And in the interests of transparency -- a word often used this morning -- let me just say that there are two more questions, and then we'll close. One from Mr. Kato, and the next from Barry Desker. So Mr. Kato first, from Japan, the Asahi Shimbun newspaper.
KATO: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much for a very extensive presentation. I would like to ask about the recent DOD report on the military power of China. That report points out that China's military buildup suggests a capability beyond preparation for a Taiwan Strait crisis, and the Chinese leadership has not explained the purpose yet. And my questions are, first, could you perhaps go one step beyond that report and share your views and insights into what their strategic intensions and purposes are?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Who's they?
KATO: The Chinese.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: The PRC?
KATO: Yes. And the second question is, do you expect that China will explain their strategic interests by demanding transparency this way? Thank you sir.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Say the second question again.
KATO: Yes. Do you expect that China will explain their strategic intentions by demanding transparency this way?
MODERATIOR: In other words, if the United States demands transparency will the result be that China explains its strategic intentions?
KATO: Yes, that's right.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Well, I guess, with respect to the first question, I think we should take them at their word. The People's Republic of China has said that they see a world where Taiwan and China are one on a peaceful basis. And I didn't use all the little code words that people use, but that's the essence of it. That's their first choice. They've said it. They've said it repeatedly over many, many years. So I take them at their word, that they do not want conflict in that regard. And certainly, one would think that if one were in Taiwan they would not want conflict, either. So my guess is that over time that issue, which can be tense from time to time in varying degrees, will continue to be unresolved and of increasingly tense nature sometimes, and decreasingly less tense at other times, and that over time it will be resolved in a peaceful way. The second question was you wanted me to explain China's strategic intentions?
KATO: No, sir, do you expect that China will eventually explain their kind of strategic intentions by demanding transparency?
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: I do. Why do I say that? It's in their interest. Over time, it will be in their interest to be reasonably transparent. Why? Because the rest of the world will be interested in their being transparent and the more they become a part of the global scene, the bigger they see themselves as a stakeholder in the global scene, the more likely the interests of the rest of the world to have their military investments demystified somewhat will have an effect on their behavior. You know, in life you can't have it both ways. You can't be successful economically and engage the rest of the world and have people milling around your country and selling things and buying things and engaging in exchanges and have them at the same time worried or wondering about some mystery that they see as to a behavior pattern that is unsettling. It dissuades investment, for example. To the extent that the world looks at China and sees a behavior pattern that is mysterious and potentially threatening it tends to affect the willingness to invest. Money is a coward. Money isn't attracted to places where it looks like it's dangerous. And so, my guess is over time they'll get more comfortable being part of the world and they will begin to -- in one way or another -- develop a comfort level that's different than today and the world will gain more and more knowledge about them and what they're doing and why they're doing what they're doing, and that will then have an effect on what they do in fact do. Because to the extent that people do things that the rest of the world frowns on, there ends up being a penalty for that, in one way or another. And to the extent that countries do things that people nod and say, "Well, I understand that; that makes sense; that's not threatening; that's not going to hurt me politically, economically, or militarily," then they seem to prefer that type of thing.
MODERATOR: And the final question from Barry Desker from the Institute for Defence and Strategic Studies here in Singapore. Barry.
DESKER: Mr. Secretary, given that China participates actively in regional security networks where it plays a leadership role, such as the Shanghai Cooperative Organization, ASEAN+3, the East Asian Summit, and since this dialogue has assumed a significance at the defense ministers' level, how could we encourage China to participate at the same level as other countries in this dialogue? Thank you.
SECRETARY RUMSFELD: Thank you. I tried and failed. When I was in China, I visited with them at all levels. I praised this organization, and this activity, and this conference. And I suggested to them that we would all benefit if they would participate at a senior level. And I guess I've thus far been unsuccessful. I think that over time we'll find that they will participate here, to their benefit and to our benefit. That alone will contribute to demystifying some of the things that take place.
MODERATOR: Mr. Secretary, thank you very much. I don't think we could end on a more interesting and invigorating note. And on behalf of all the delegates here can I thank you please for your splendid presentation and your rich and varied response to questions. Thank you, sir.


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Polska / dolnośląskie
|Synagogues, prayer houses and others
|Sites of martyrdom
|Judaica in museums
|dolnośląskie / inne (before 1939)
|wrocławski / Breslau (before 1939)
|Wrocław / Hauptstadt Breslau [miasto stołeczne Wrocław] (before 1939)
|Other names:
|Vratislavia lub Budorgis [łac.]
Vroclav [j.czeski]
Breslau [j.niemiecki]
ורוצלב [j.hebrajski]
Вроцлав [j. rosyjski]
Adam Marczewski /
Wrocław – a city in southwestern Poland, capital of Lower Silesia Province. It lies by the Odra River and its four tributaries, 355 km southwest of Warsaw.
Tamara Włodarczyk
Wroclaw was a town with one of the largest concentrations of Jews in Central Europe during the Middle Ages. We know for certain that there was already a kehilla here in the first half of the 12th century. The founders of the community were possibly Jewish refugees from Prague, according to the Czech chronicler Kosmas.
The oldest tangible evidence of the Jewish presence in Wroclaw is the tombstone of the cantor Dawid, son of Sar Szalom, who died on the 4th of August1203. This is undoubtedly proof that the cemetery already existed at the turn of the 12th and the 13th centuries.
Originally, the legal status of the Jews from Wroclaw was very favorable, as they were under the specific protection of a Duke. This changed in 1267 when the new regulations of the synod of the Provincial Archdiocese of Gniezno in Wrocław were introduced. Jewish liberties were restricted and special settlement zones (ghettos) were created for them. Each town had to have only one such zone. Moreover, it could have only one ghetto and the Jews were allowed just one synagogue for their religious gatherings.
Between 1273 and 1290 dukes issued many documents and privileges in order to protect the Jewish community. A document of this kind was issued by Duke Henry IV Probus (Henryk IV Prawy) after 1273 which guaranteed the Jews from Wroclaw personal safety and security of their property and also the sanctity of cemeteries. These privileges were approved by Duke Henry V (Henryk V Gruby).
Jews were traders, money lenders (they would give loans) and some were craftsmen. There were butchers, bakers and cooks. There were as many as 12 Jewish slaughterhouses in Wroclaw at the beginning of the 14th century.
The position of Jews worsened considerably in the 14th century. In 1349 and 1360 there were pogroms in the city, and the Jews were driven out of Wroclaw. There had been 70 Jewish families living in the city before the pogrom in 1349, whereas afterwards only five or six remained. However, Jews settled again in Wroclaw soon after.
Jan Kapistrano, a Franciscan and an inquisitor, came to the city in 1453. During his sermons he accused Jews of various sacrileges, (desecrating the Host or kidnapping and killing Christian children). The outcome of these sermons was a trial with terrible consequences – 41 Jews were burnt to death at what is now Plac Solny
With your financial contribution towards the development of a town description, a photo documentation or other activities, you will be awarded a donation certificate.
Genealogical Indexes
5,000,000 Jewish Records Available Online!
Resources for Jewish Family History

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jeremy Piergallini
What about the poor black athlete making millions or even hundreds of thousands playing overseas. They were given a free ride. I don't believe going to a black college would make any difference whether they get educated or not. The professor's job is to teach and mold when they can. YOu can't mold someone who doesn't care. The other side must care and must want to learn. Huggins also had white players there, though not very many. I don't like when the race issue is brought up. Jason Whitlock is a black man and I believe a very good sports journalist, but I do remember whenever there is something between white and black people, it, no matter what, becomes an issue of race with him. He, though, is no where near as bad as Wilbon.


text: its a good card, not that loud tbh but ya dont really notice it/get used to it. ive got the xfx black edition for like nearly 2 years now plays everything except GTA 4 at max (not enough ram on it). Goign wait for 8000 series come out next year and pick up a 7950 when the prices drop more


text:
As the season gets underway this week the Port St. Joe Jr./Sr. High School cross country team is raising funds.
As a non-revenue sport cross country must support itself and this Friday, from 3-6 p.m. ET, enjoy a low country boil at Frank Pate Park courtesy of the cross country program.
For $10 a person will receive a half-pound of shrimp, corn and potatoes.
"We have almost 30 kids out this year which is great," said Derek Kurnitsky, who coaches the boys' team while Sandy Quinn coaches the girls.
"We have 24 state titles in sports here because we all coach together," Kurnitsky said. "We promote two-sport athletes."
A promotion borne out in cross country where athletes from soccer, boys' and girls' basketball and baseball are competing.
"It's a great way for the athletes to stay in shape," Kurnitsky said. "They are running to help cross country and also helping other sports as well."
The first meet of the season was Wednesday at Cottondale.


text:
I'm sure not in illegal activity and I have pray to malverde.. I have faith in him and the favors he gives me are very greatly appreciated!
Its like you read my mind! You appear to know a lot about this, like you wrote the
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that, this is excellent blog. A fantastic read. I'll definitely
be back.
Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular article!
It is the little changes which will make the most significant changes.
Thanks for sharing!
Hi there this is kinda of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML.
I'm starting a blog soon but have no coding experience so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
Generally I don't read post on blogs, however I wish to say
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text:
Podiatry Care Partners, Inc. filed as a Domestic for Profit Corporation in the State of Florida on Tuesday, December 27, 2011 and is approximately four years old, as recorded in documents filed with Florida Department of State. The filing is currently active as of the last data refresh which occured on Sunday, June 7, 2015.
Francisco Perez-Clavijo serves as the President Francisco's past corporate affiliations include Francisco M. Perez-Clavijo, Dpm, P.A.
The registered agent for the company is Rick Marcos. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Podiatry Care Partners, Inc.
Francisco M. Perez-Clavijo
|Filing Type:
|Domestic for Profit Corporation
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Tuesday, December 27, 2011
|Registered Agent
|Rick Marcos
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
|Learn More
|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Podiatry Care Partners, Inc. combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
|Learn More
|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Podiatry Care Partners, Inc..


text:
Teacher-authored curriculum overview samples
Fall 2012, over 500 Colorado educators, representing 61 school districts, participated in curriculum design workshops that resulted in the creation of more than 700 curriculum overview samples based on the Colorado Academic Standards (CAS). Utilizing a Colorado-designed and refined template, the overviews provide organizing structures for addressing the grade level expectations (GLEs), evidence outcomes (EOs) and 21st century skills that build students' mastery of the standards at each grade level. As voluntary resources for districts, the samples:
- Represent the translation of the CAS into unit overviews for all (10) content areas, grades k-12
- Illuminate possibilities for sequencing grade-level and content-specific standards across courses/years
- Offer one possible foundation for exploring standards-based curriculum and unit development
The Colorado Curriculum Overview Samples were written by and for Colorado educators as a way to understand and translate the state standards into curriculum. Users of the samples should feel free to copy, distribute and transmit the samples and to adapt them to fit their needs. Please honor the work of the Colorado educators that created these samples by providing them attribution. These samples were not intended for commercial purposes.
NEW RESOURCES! Instructional Unit Samples are now available for select overviews.
Questions related to Colorado's District Sample Curriculum Project should be directed to Brian Sevier.
- All Curriculum Overview Samples Organized by Content Area
- All Curriculum Overview Samples Organized by Grade Level
Click here to access resources that provide overviews of Colorado's District Sample Curriculum Project and the template utilized in the creation of these curriculum overview samples.
Click here for information on the creation of curriculum overview samples based on the preschool standards of the Colorado Academic Standards.


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Freehold Cartage Inc.
Freehold Cartage was set up as a specialized carrier for hazardous and special waste transportation needs throughout the US and across the boarder to Canada and has been operating for the last 43 years. They also provide transportation of solid waste and recycling for customers based in New Jersey. Freehold Cartage Inc are a growth oriented family company and is still owned and operated by the family that founded it through their corporate headquarters in Monmouth County, New Jersey.
Freehold Cartage employees over 375 people, of which 240 are drivers. By remaining a family oriented company and providing employees with the best equipment and work environment, the turnover rate consistantly remains low. Their philosophy is to provide the very best quality of service to customers and opportunities to employees alike.
Freehold Cartage, Inc. operates through 48 state common carrier and contract carrier authority licensed to transport all types of wastes throughout the US and Canada with $21 million in insurance coverage. They operate primarily to the east of the Mississippi River. Their fleet consists of the latest models such as the Peterbilt conventional, air ride suspension and cab, the van division has 48 102 dry vans and the tanker division has mostly six thousand gallon s/s vacuum tanks. Their Roll Off division mostly consists of tri-axel trailers. Their vehicles are all fitted with Qualcomm Satellite communication systems to ensure real time reports of the cargo or freight to the customer. Each vehicle has a driver assigned to it on a permanent basis, this ensures a very low down time as the driver gets to know his vehicle and has the maintenance carried out regularly by the highly skilled in-house maintenance professionals.
The employees are all taken good care of and they pass this satisfaction on to the customers by way of excellent service. Among other things some of the perks that the employees enjoy are Starting mileage: 30.0 to 35.0 cpm depending on experience, review after 6 months, starting hourly: $10.00 per hour, review annually, daily Allowance: 4 cpm ($20.00 per 24 hour period), safety/Performance bonus: .02 cpm, load/unload: $25 per stop. Hourly rate after two hours, layover pay: 8 hours of the hourly rate per day after first 24 hours, holiday pay: hourly rate and most of the drivers are home at least 35 weekends per year.


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Selena Gomez's Cape-otard: Hot or Not?
Disney Songbird Selena Gomez had three outfit changes during her concert in Puerto Rico (she's like a mini-Celine Dion!) on January 22, 2012 — and one of the looks included this... cape-otard?
Actually, we're not quite sure what this is. It's sort of like Marilyn Monroe meets Wonder Woman meets Prince... or Elvis meets Evel Knievel?
Selena is known for her fun stage costumes — and she's definitely flaunting those assets. But is this look sizzling or just plain silly?
For the latest from Wetpaint Entertainment, Like us on Facebook or Follow us on Twitter.


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Sold Out $89.00
2012 vintage is available for $79.99
Leeuwin Estate Art Series Chardonnay 2007
Chardonnay from Margaret River, Australia
Winemaker's Notes
The fresh nose has lifted aromas of ripe yellow pear skins, the petals of citrus blossom, nectarine and ripe peach accompanied by hints of fig, cashews and roasted pine nuts from barrel maturation on yeast lees with integrated and stylish French oak. The rich, full bodied palate displays the mouth filling and intense flavors of fresh ripe pears intermingling with delicious stone fruit flavors, nectarine and pineapple tart. The middle palate shows richness before turning to an elegance only found in the rarest of years that focus the flavors to a long land persistent finish which is both crisp and appealing.
Critical Acclaim
Australian Wine Companion - "Pale, bright straw-green; fragrant grapefruit, melon and white peach aromas, the oak subtle and integrated, are followed by an exceptionally intense and long palate, the alcohol lost in the sea of flavor."
The Wine Advocate - "Around 3000 cases of the flagship Art Series Chardonnay are produced with Leeuwin Estate blocks 20, 22, 96 and 97 contributing to the blend (all Gin-Gin / Mendoza clone). It is all barrel fermented in 100% new French oak where it usually remains for around 12 months. The 2007 Art Series Chardonnay was still youthfully mute revealing a moderate intensity of peaches, oatmeal, chalk, lemon zest, ginger, anise and jasmine with the oak barely perceptible in the background. Rich, ripe, full bodied yet wonderfully structured with crisp acidity and a real minerality, this beauty has a very long finish with the oak integration already nearly seamless. Consider drinking it from 2013 to 2020+. "
Wine Spectator - "Polished, focused, fresh and vibrant, with a subtle interplay of pear, hazelnut, tropical fruit and tobacco aromas and flavors mingling effectively and gaining in intensity as the finish persists. Seamless and inviting, this should age beautifully. Drink now through 2020."
Wine Enthusiast - "One of Australia's benchmark Chardonnays continues its roll, offering up opulent scents of vanilla, peach and mango. Tropical fruit and toasty oak flavors are easily carried by a lush, full-bodied delivery system that seems to unfold kaleidoscopically on the palate, finishing long and multilayered. On the conservative side, drink now–2015."
International Wine Cellar - "Light, hazy yellow. Expressive, high-pitched aromas of lemon zest, orange, dried fig and talc, plus a hint of white pepper; picks up notes of allspice and mace with air. Taut and sharply focused, offering fresh citrus flavors and deeper notes of bitter apple skin and marzipan. A dusty mineral quality carries through the long, chewy, faintly sweet finish. Offers an impressive interplay of liveliness and depth."
- View All
Leeuwin Estate Winery
After an extensive search in 1972 to identify the most suitable Australian area for the production of premium varietal wines, Robert Mondavi singled out a small plot of land in the Margaret River region. At the time a cattle farm, Leeuwin Esate evolved under the direction of owners Denis and Tricia Horgan, with Mondavi acting as a consultant and mentor. The initial vineyards were planted by hand over a five year period from 1975, with the state-of-the-art winery opened in 1978. In 1979, Leeuwin Estate had their first commercial vintage. Today, Leeuwin Estate maintains a team of highly-skilled and dedicated winemakers, under the direction of two generations of the founding family, exporting to over 30 countries. View all Leeuwin Estate Wines
About Margaret RiverView a map of Margaret River wineries Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot. Other varieties that have found results are Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay & Riesling.
About AustraliaLike the United States, which is about the same size, Australia's winemaking regions are huddled into one or two pockets of the country. The state of South Australia, which produces about 60% of the country's wine, also has the most wineries and sub-regions, including McLaren Vale, Clare Valley, Coonawarra and Barossa Valley. New South Wales is home to the Hunter Valley, while the smaller, southern state of Victoria is best known for theYarra Valley. Head way west to the very large state of Western Australia and you'll find the tiny region of Margaret River at the southern tip.
Customer ReviewsSign In to Add Your Review5 }div>5 out of 5 stars
- 5 Stars: 1
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- 1 Stars: 0
Alcohol By Volume GuideMost wine ranges from 10-16% alcohol by volume. Some varietals tend to have higher (for example Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon) or lower alcohol levels (Pinot Noir and many white varietals), but there is always some variation from producer to producer. Some wine falls outside of this range, for instance Port weighs in closer to 20%, while Muscat and Riesling are usually a bit below 10%.
Wine Style Guide
Light & Crisp
- Light to medium bodied wines that are high in acid and light to medium fruit. Typically no oak.
Fruity & Smooth
- Light to medium bodied wines with lots of juicy fruit, typically medium acid and medium oak.
Rich & Creamy
- Full bodied wines that have typically undergone malo-lactic fermentation and/or spent time in oak.
- 5 Stars:


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All-in-one child data center launches Aug. 16 in Palm Beach County
All-In-One Child Data Center Launches Aug. 16 in Palm Beach County
For the first time in Palm Beach County, residents now have one place to go for vital, unbiased data related to child health and well-being. Join us Aug. 16 for the unveiling of The State of the Child Data Center, part of Palm Beach County Counts website, which allows agencies, policymakers, the media and the public to see in real time how our children are faring.
WHAT: The official launch of the State of the Child Data Center on Palm Beach County Counts, http://www.pbccounts.org. This easy-to-use online data center allows us to pinpoint the challenges facing Palm Beach County's children so our community can better target its resources. In addition, the data center reduces redundancy while saving time and money. And because it's a Healthy Communities site, its data points and measurements are standardized, which means we can more easily see how Palm Beach County's children are doing in comparison to those across Florida and the nation.
WHO: Tana Ebbole, CEO of Children's Services Council of Palm Beach County, and Greta von Unruh, Executive Director of the Economic Development Research Institute, will present the new State of the Child Data Center on Palm Beach County Counts website (http://www.pbccounts.org).


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|Monday, July 6, 2015
|Search Our Site
New Generation Part 2
Date: 7/24/2002
by Pamela Rust
Northeastern Minnesota isn't perceived as a prime location for start-up companies. And it's often said that young people leave for the Twin Cities and other areas where they can pull higher wages.
Here's part two of our stories on young, savvy entrepreneurs who have made their own jobs, are creating jobs and contributing to their communities.
They're dreaming big and working hard — and we wish them luck!
Bill Forsberg - Timbertrail Outfitters LLC
Ely— When Bill Forsberg and his family purchased the TimberTrail Lodge and campground nine years ago, he was inspired to start his own business to help others enjoy recreation in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.
Forsberg, 30, launched a natural companion to the lodge, Timbertrail Outfitters. The company arranges canoe and motorboat trips, comprehensive packages for the novice navigator and customized packages for experienced canoeists. The full-service firm supplies or leases equipment and services, including flying customers in and out.
"The typical number of customers between June and August is about 500," says Forsberg. And in spite of competition with 25 other outfitting companies for customers, business is steady and growing, he says.
Combined annual revenues for all the Timbertrail holdings run around $100,000. Forsberg owns 50 percent of the Timbertail Lodge, and the lodge and Outfitters have a website at www.timbertrail.com.
Two employees work mainly for Outfitters, but several workers are shared with the lodge. Forsberg's parents and brother also work at the resort, originally built in 1939.
Forsberg spends 70 percent of his time running Outfitters, and 30 percent overseeing the resort. But he still finds time to be involved in his community. He's chairman of the board for Ely's Chamber of Commerce, is an Ely Tourism Board member and works with the Ely Jaycees.
Carmen Zezulka - Carmen's Restaurant
Cloquet— Fulfilling a lifelong career goal, five years ago Carmen Zezulka bought a bar/restaurant and started her own place, Carmen's Restaurant.
It serves a full menu of American and Mexican cuisine, offering a family atmosphere for lunch and dinner, catering to smoking and non-smoking customers.
"The first year was hell," says Zezulka, now 34. Finding good help was difficult, and at times she did the cooking herself. She now bartends and manages weekdays, doing cleaning and payroll on weekends. A single parent of two sons, Zezulka is glad to finally have some time at home.
The restaurant employs around 18 workers, and her brother manages the bar.
Working in bars and restaurants since age 18, Zezulka eventually became a manager at Duluth's Dry Dock restaurant. When a Cloquet restaurant went up for sale, Dry Dock owner Mike Van provided the financing for her to pursue her dream.
"We're holding our own," Zezulka says. The bar/restaurant was affected by the recently enacted no smoking ordinance in Cloquet, which has reduced lunchtime clientele. Many regulars no longer lunch there because they can't smoke until 1:30 p.m., when they can smoke at the bar but can't eat.
Zezulka likens herself to her mom, who retired from her job at the age of 80. "That's me," she says, "I love my job, I have the best job in the world."
Derek Vekich - Colonial Castings, Peterson Tackle
Bovey— For six years, Derek Vekich worked as a teacher, dean and coach at Greenway High School in Coleraine.
"I liked working with kids," he says, "but I decided I'd rather work for myself."
Vekich, 32, still coaches Grenway bantam youth hockey. But with a family starting, he and his wife decided it was "now or never." Teaming with his younger brother, Vekich founded Colonial Castings in the fall of 1999. The wholesale firm sells paddling accessories such as seats, motors, anchors and motor mounts.
"We took a big gamble— the first two years were not pleasant," he says. He struggled for funding and backing. It took nearly eight months for his first sale. During that period the office space he had leased burned to the ground, and he lost $60,000 worth of goods. Insurance covered the losses, but it took Vekich two months to reorganize, setting up shop in his own garage in Bovey. He's still operating out of the garage, which he has since expanded.
After a year and a half in business, Colonial Castings' customer base included R.E.I. and L.L. Bean. Looking to expand and finally able to get financial backing, Vekich purchased Peterson Tackle, a 16-year old company with an established list of customers.
He merged the two companies for a "nice mix of products."
The Peterson Tackle line is sold through distributors such as Gander Mountain, Galyans, Mills Fleet Farm and L.L. Bean, but Vekich says items can also be purchased by the general public through its website at www.petersontackle.com.
Vekich recently set up a deal to distribute tackle items at Wal-Mart. He's also sponsoring "Simply Fishing," a Fox Sports TV show for some national exposure.
Vekich says sales were $50,000 in 2000 and will pass the $200,000 mark this year. "We consider ourselves extremely small but growing. I've got huge plans for expansion."
John Tonce - Tonce Contracting
Cloquet— Contracting is in John Tonce's blood. He says he inherited it from his father, a general contractor in Colorado.
Tonce, 29, and wife Stacy, 30, operate Tonce Contracting out of their Cloquet home. They both enjoy hands-on hard work.
The two started the company in April of this year after John tired of spreading his wings at a number of jobs and locations. They specialize in masonry work including driveways, sidewalks, fireplaces, rebuilding chimneys, as well as landscaping and general contracting.
Tonce started the business with $2,000 of his own money, purchasing hand tools and setting up shop. He got his first customer after leasing a booth at a home show in Cloquet, thanks to Stacy's involvement in the Cloquet Chamber of Commerce.
She works closely with Tonce, even helped him with a recent roofing job. Tonce prefers to advertise through personal referrals. His confidence has panned out, as he's had seven jobs since the business began.
Next year's plan includes securing a loan to buy more tools. "The company likely also will move to an office — providing storage space for all that new equipment."
"As I get more business, I'll keep buying more tools," Tonce says. "Business has been good."
Zak Wehr - Eclipse Paint and Supply
Cloquet— At the age of 18, already tired of working for his dad, Zak Wehr began his first business. With a partner, he started Unlimited Finishes, Inc., a pre-finishing shop that stains and paints wood windows, doors and trim.
Building on this first company, Wehr, 29, has expanded into three successful, intertwined businesses, all in Cloquet.
In 1992 he bought a building for the business. Wehr started Apollo Properties, Inc. in 1998 as a leasing business to oversee his building tenants (one in the paint store building and two in the pre-finish shop).
At the start of this year, Wehr and his partner agreed to dissolve Unlimited Finishes, Inc. In April Wehr started a new pre-finishing company, UF, Inc., at the same location. UF, Inc. specializes in interior and exterior finishing of sheet rock, drywall and trim. At the UF shop, three or four workers finish windows, doors and trim. Several others work out in the field.
Wehr is pleased with how business is going so far, and says "We've earned $250,000 in revenue this year." A major contract includes finishing 1,400 windows for Fond Du Lac Construction Co.
Currently, he's adding a showroom for sales. "The showroom eliminates headaches for the contractor, so he doesn't need to carry around samples," he says.
He and partner Michele Filipczak, 23, each still spend 15 to 20 hours per week doing interior and exterior painting.
He's knows being a small business owner doesn't mean sitting behind a desk.
"Planned growth is really important," says Wehr. After Unlimited Finishes grew too fast, he had to scale back. "But once you have a set base and guideline, that's how to keep things consistent," he says.
Eric Fransen - NewMoon Media
Two Harbors — Eric Fransen's home-based website development business, NewMoon Media, is prospering. After starting out four years ago, he says revenue has increased 50 to 100 percent each year. Fransen, 28, has just moved into office space in the North Shore Business Enterprise Center.
Cashing in on the need for small, local businesses to advertise on the Internet, NewMoon designs graphics and layouts for websites, offering options such as animation, e-commerce and interactive user forms. The firm also provides website hosting at rates Fransen says are competitive with larger companies.
NewMoon is a one-man operation, but a steady stream of customers allows Fransen to use other area businesses and students as subcontractors. He foresees hiring another fulltime employee.
Fransen originally intended to become a social studies teacher. After a term at student teaching he decided to change professions. Self-taught, he studied the market and technology and ventured forward.
NewMoon's website is newmoonmedia.net, and customers include the Two Harbors Chamber of Commerce, Charleston (NC) B&B Association, Breezy Point Resort, Halcyon Harbor Cabins, and others.
After suffering a slump related to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Fransen says business is back to normal. "I see very few competitors that are willing to focus on the smaller businesses I tend to serve," he says.
Kyle Allen - Norex Photo
Ely— After working in photography for seven years, Kyle Allen, at age 22, was ready to call it quits. He had moved to Ely after working in Colorado Springs, CO as a photo lab manager for three years and was tired of the business.
Originally from Minnesota, Allen says he returned because he missed the lakes. But then he noticed there were no one-hour photo development labs in Ely.
After he spent a year researching how to start his business, two financier friends helped Allen open Norex Photo in downtown Ely in June 1995.
The firm has a one-hour photo lab and a portrait studio. Norex also offers film developing and equipment sales and rental.
Allen, now 30, leases a 2,800 square-foot two-story building for his business. "I'm exploring options to buy it," he says.
Most of Allen's business occurs in the summer, when the population and customer volume doubles. "But we have a good local base," he says. "They're the bread, and the visitors are the butter."
Allen cites steady annual sales growth averaging 7 to 10 per cent, with current sales at about $204,000.
The closest competition for the one-hour photo and studio is an hour away in Virginia. Local competition for slower, drop-off photo development is Pamida and local drug stores.
Norex employs about four full-time equivalent employees. All are cross-trained in photo processing as well as sales and photo-taking.
Through its website, www.norexphoto.com, Norex provides mail order film development using prepaid mailers. It's been offering this service for four years, and processes an average of four to five orders each week from customers across the country.
The shop is also a dealer for Cellular One, offering cell phone sales and service.
While Norex provides some in-store printing of digital photos, Allen's thinking about adding digital workstations for customer use in Internet downloading, printing digital pictures or scanning negatives. "I try to offer something new each year," he says.
BusinessNorth - The business news source for Northeastern Minnesota and Northwestern Wisconsin.
P.O. Box 16223, Duluth, MN 55816
Phone: 218-720-3060 Fax: 218-720-3068 email@example.com


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Specializing in Exterior work, Consistent in Our Quality, Friendly and Approachable; Rainbow Exteriors is dedicated to ensuring your Satisfaction, from the start of your project to it's completion.
A local company based in and servicing the Saskatoon area, since 1985, Rainbow's owner has been doing exterior work since 1973. Written references are available upon request.
Call Bill today at (306) 242-9124 or E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com for your Free Estimate.click for Photos
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Pretty Little Liars
Meet Ezra's Brother on Pretty Little Liars
It's official! We can finally put a (gorgeous) face to the name of Wesley Fitz, Ezra's (Ian Harding) brother on Pretty Little Liars. British actor Gregg Sulkin has stepped in to play the part, and we have to applaud the PLL casting department — Gregg and Ian actually look alike!
As we reported yesterday, we will meet Ezra's brother in Season 3, Episode 9: "The Kahn Game", after meeting Ezra's mother in Season 3, Episode 8: "Stolen Kisses". Gregg recently tweeted about his table read on the PLL set, and fans may recognize him from Wizards of Waverly Place.
We still don't know why exactly we'll be meeting Ezra's immediate family, but we've noticed that Ezra has been a particularly great guy and boyfriend so far on Season 3. Could it be as simple as Ezra just wanting to introduce Aria (Lucy Hale) to his mom and bro?
Also, Zap2It reports that Wesley is Ezra's little brother, so with a Fitz closer to the Liars in age, could Wesley wind up being one of the girls' love interests? Just a few more weeks until we find out!
Catch an all-new episode of PLL on Tuesday, June 26 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on ABC Family.
Sources: Zap2It, Twitter
Molly Friedman is an editor at Wetpaint Entertainment. Follow her on Twitter @MollyFriedman.
Get your Pretty Little Liars fix: Like us on Facebook and Follow us on Twitter and Tumblr!


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Double V-Neck Bandage Midi Dress
Style # 225204
AVAILABILITY: Unavailable for immediate shipment.
Stop traffic in this bebe bandage dress, featuring a sexy double V-neck, exposed back zipper, and a midi cut. Pair with strappy sandals and an embellished minaudiere for a style that smoulders.
- 80% rayon, 20% spandex
- Center back to hem: 38" (97 cm)
- Dry clean
- Imported
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Rated 0 out of 5
0-0 of 0


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Arctic fox
The most Northern of all mammals
The Arctic fox is an incredibly hardy animal that can survive frigid Arctic temperatures as low as -50°C in the treeless lands where it makes its home. It lives further north than any other mammal and is well adapted for the cold harsh weather of the Arctic.
With the exception of the nose, its entire body is covered with thick fur, even the paws. This, together with its short ears and short muzzle makes it ideally adapted to the chilly climate. Arctic foxes live in burrows, and in a blizzard they may tunnel into the snow to create shelter. They have beautiful white (sometimes blue-gray) coats that act as very effective winter camouflage. The natural hues allow the animal to blend into the tundra's ubiquitous snow and ice. When the seasons change, the fox's coat turns as well. The animals adopt a brown or gray colour appearance that provides cover among the summer tundra's rocks and plants.
Arctic fox feed primarily on small mammals, including lemmings, tundra voles, squirrels, birds, eggs, berries, fish and carrion. They are scavengers, and will eat almost anything. Some even follow polar bears around to finish what is left behind when they have feasted. When food is plentiful they will bury it for later by creating a store of food over the summer months and freezing it in the permafrost. The male fox brings food for the family and guards the den.
The Arctic fox has the warmest fur of any mammal, even warmer than the polar bear and arctic wolf. Arctic fox walk along on top of the snow listening for the small creatures under the snow. When they hear prey, they jump up and down to break through the snow with their front paws. Once the snow is broken they can claim their prize.
Your chances of seeing one in the wild
The Arctic fox has a circumpolar range, meaning that it is found throughout the entire Arctic. The conservation status of the species is good, except for the Scandinavian mainland population. It is acutely endangered there, despite decades of legal protection from hunting and persecution. The total population estimate in all of Norway, Sweden and Finland is a mere 120 adult individuals. The world population is thus not endangered, but 2 arctic fox subpopulations are.


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DUBUQUE, IADylan Gambrell tied the game with under a minute to play in the third period, and Keegan Ford scored with 3:57 in overtime to give the Dubuque Fighting Saints a dramatic 5-4 comeback victory over the Muskegon Lumberjacks Friday night at the Mystique Community Ice Center. Trailing 3-2 heading into the third period, Muskegon scored two goals to take a 4-3 lead, but a goalmouth scramble with the extra attacker on the ice saw Gambrell punch in a loose puck from the right wing to send the game to overtime where the Ford played hero.
A back and forth game saw Dubuque dominate the first period. The Fighting Saints outshot Muskegon 20-4 and led 2-0 after one period. Joe Llaurado scored his first USHL goal at the 12:09 mark of the first period. Alexx Privitera took a shot from the right point the puck bounced around in front of the goal. Llaurado pounced on the loose puck and slid it through the five-hole of Lumberjacks' netminder Jordan Uhelski to make it 1-0.
Dubuque would double its lead four minutes later. Keegan Ford made a beautiful cross-ice pass to his older brother Jason with Dubuque on a powerplay. Jason fired a one-timer from the right side past a diving Uhelski to make it 2-0 Dubuque at 12:06.
The Muskegon netminder stood on his head all night long making numerous fantastic saves. He kicked aside 33 shots in the losing effort.
In the second period, the Lumberjacks would turn the tide. Muskegon cut Dubuque's lead in half on a goal by Matt Iacopelli at the 4:22 mark. Dubuque's Ryan Chiasson crashed into his own goaltender Christian Frey, knocking him to the ice and allowing Iacopelli to score an easy goal.
Three minutes later Matt Mendelson scored his first of two goals for Muskegon on a breakaway. Llaurado turned the puck over and Mendelson skated in alone on Frey, deking around the netminder to tie the game at two.
Dubuque would retake the lead late in the second period. Robby Darrar put Dubuque back on top with a powerplay goal at 16:17. Jarrid Privitera put a bouncing puck towards the net and Darrar collected it on the backhand, lifting a shot over Uhleski to give Dubuque a 3-2 lead.
For the third straight game the Fighting Saints led 3-2 heading into the game's final frame, but Muskegon found a way to not only tie the game, but take the lead. The Lumberjacks scored to tie the game 4:02 into the period on a Robby DeMontis goal. At the 6:45 mark with a penalty to Dubuque just expiring, Mendelson added his second goal of the game to give Muskegon a 4-3 lead.
Dubuque, with their backs against the wall, pulled Frey late for an extra attacker. The Fighting Saints peppered pucks towards Uhelski, and finally struck with only 38 seconds to play. Jason Ford put a bouncing puck towards the goal and it popped free to Gambrell on the right wing where he tucked it into the open goal to tie the game.
In overtime, Dubuque only fired one shot on Uhelski, but it was all they needed. Max McHugh found a wide-open Keegan Ford coming off the bench. The blueliner skated in alone on Uhelski and snapped a shot low-blocker side to give the Fighting Saints the win and send the crowd into frenzy. The goal was Keegan's first goal of the season and gave Dubuque its first overtime regular season win since April 14, 2012 when they beat Muskegon 7-6 in Dubuque.
Dubuque went 2-for-4 on the powerplay while Muskegon was 0-for-4. The Fighting Saints outshot Muskegon 38-25. Frey stopped 21 shots to earn the win in goal.
Tomorrow Dubuque travels to Waterloo for a Prairie Farms Cowbell Cup game with the Waterloo Black Hawks. Puck drop is slated for 7:05 p.m. at the Young Arena. Dubuque then travels to Muskegon for two games next weekend before returning home for Military Appreciation Night, presented by Kwik Stop and Dairy Queen on Friday, November 15 versus Tri-City at 7:35 p.m.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Ford's OT Goal Gives Fighting Saints Win Over Muskegon
By The Dubuque Fighting Saints
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