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Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.
Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as kettles, cauldrons, pots or coppers. These vessels heat a batch of water but do not produce a continual supply. Appliances for providing a more-or-less constant supply of hot water are variously known as water heaters, boilers, heat exchangers, calorifiers or geysers depending on whether they are heating Potable or non-potable water, in domestic or industrial use, their energy source, and in which part of the world they are found. In domestic installations, potable water heated for uses other than space heating is sometimes known as Domestic Hot Water (DHW).
In many countries the most common energy sources for heating water are fossil fuels: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil or sometimes solid fuels. These fuels may be consumed directly or by the use of electricity (which may derive from any of the above fuels or from nuclear or renewable sources). Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and sometimes geothermal heating, may also be used as available, usually in combination with backup systems supplied by gas, oil or electricity.
In some countries district heating is a major source of water heating. This is especially the case in Scandinavia. District heating systems make it possible to supply all of the energy for water heating as well as space heating from waste heat from industries, power plants, incinerators, geothermal heating and central solar heating. The actual heating of the tap water is performed in heat exchangers at the consumers premises. Generally the consumer needs no backup system due to the very high availability of district heating systems.
Water for space heating can be heated by fossil fuels in a boiler. Potable water may be heated in a separate appliance: this is common practice in the USA where warm-air space heating is usually employed.
Where a space-heating water boiler is employed the traditional arrangement in the UK is to use boiler-heated ("primary") water to heat ("secondary") water in a cylindrical vessel (usually made of copper) containing potable water supplied from a cold water storage tank, usually in the roof space of the building. This produces a fairly steady supply of DHW at low static pressure head but usually with a good flow. Water heating appliances in most other parts of the world do not use cold water storage tanks but heat water at pressures close to that of the incoming mains water supply.
Stand-alone appliances for instantaneously heating water for DHW (Domestic Hot Water) are known in North America as tankless heaters, elsewhere as multipoint heaters, geysers or Ascots. In Australia and New Zealand there was a similar wood fired appliance known as the chip heater.
A common arrangement where hot-water space heating is employed is for the boiler to also heat potable water giving a continuous supply of DHW without any extra equipment required. Appliances capable of supplying both space-heating and DHW are known as combination (or "combi") boilers.
Although instantaneous heaters can give a continuous supply of DHW the rate at which they can produce it is limited by the thermodynamics of heating water from the available fuel supplies.
Another popular arrangement where higher flow rates are required (although for limited periods) is to heat water in a pressure vessel capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure close to that of the incoming mains supply. (A pressure reducing valve is usually employed to limit the pressure to a safe level for the vessel.)
In North America these vessels are known as tanks and may incorporate a gas or oil burner heating the water directly.
Where hot-water space heating boilers are used DHW cylinders are usually heated indirectly by primary water from the boiler, or by an electric immersion heater (often as backup to the boiler). In the UK these vessels are known as unvented cylinders (or commonly as Megaflos after the brand name of a widely-used model). In the US, when connected to a boiler they are known as indirect-fired water heaters.
Water enters residences in the US at about 10 °C (50 °F) (varies with latitude and season). Adults generally prefer shower temperatures of 40–49 °C (105–120 °F), requiring the water temperature to be raised about 30 °C (55 °F) or more, if the hot water is later mixed with cold water. The Uniform Plumbing Code reference shower flow rate is 2.5 gpm (gallons per minute); sink and dishwasher usages range from 1–3 gpm.
Natural gas in the U.S. is measured in CCF (100 cubic feet), which is converted to a standardized heat content unit called the therm, equal to 100,000 British thermal units. A BTU is the energy required to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. A U.S. gallon of water weighs 8.3 pounds. So, to raise a 40-gallon tank of 55 °F water up to 105 °F would require 40 x 8.3 x (105 − 55) / 100,000 BTU, or approximately 0.17 CCF, at 100% efficiency. A 40,000 BTU (per hour) heater would take 25 minutes to do this, at 100% efficiency. At $1 per therm, the cost of the gas would be about 17 cents.
In comparison, a typical electric water heater has a 4500 watt heating element, which if 100% efficient results in a heating time of about 1.1 hours. Since 16,600 BTU is roughly 4.9 kWh, at 10 cents/kWh the electricity would cost $0.49. Operating a shower at 2.5 gpm and 104 degrees Fahrenheit is equivalent to operating a 13.2 kW appliance . In the UK, domestic electric immersion heaters are usually rated at 3 kilowatts .
Energy efficiencies of tank water heaters in residential use can vary greatly, particularly based on manufacturer and model. However, electric heaters tend to be slightly more efficient with recovery efficiency (how efficient energy is transferred to the water) reaching about 98%. Gas fired heaters have maximum recovery efficiencies of only about 86% (the remaining heat is lost with the flue gasses). Overall energy factors can be as low as 80% for electric and 50% for gas systems.
A tankless water heater operating at those same power levels (at 100% efficiency) would be able to supply 1.6 gpm continuously, raising the temperature by 50 °F. The same unit could supply 1.3 gpm while raising the temperature by 60 °F. To be able to handle a full house load of multiple uses (at least 5 gpm) with a centralized tankless water heater would require three to four times this power level — somewhat difficult to achieve with natural gas, and very difficult to achieve with electricity. Many tankless water heaters can use over 100,000 BTU/h during high flow, and so require especially large power supplies.
Unfortunately, it takes a great deal of energy to heat water, as one may experience when attempting to boil a gallon of water on a stove. For this reason, tankless on-demand water heaters need to have a very large energy source to be usable. A wall outlet, by comparison, can only source enough energy to warm a disappointingly small amount of water: about 0.17 gpm at 40 °C temperature elevation.
In household and commercial usage, most water heaters in North America are of the tank type. Also called storage water heaters, these consist of a cylindrical tank in which water is kept continuously hot and ready for use. Typical sizes for household use range from 75 to 400 litres (20 to 100 U.S. gallons). These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources. Natural gas heaters are most popular in the United States and most European countries, since the gas is often conveniently piped throughout cities and towns and currently is the cheapest to use. Compared to tankless heaters, storage water heaters have the advantage of using energy (gas or electricity) at a relatively slow rate, storing the heat for later use. Larger tanks tend to provide hot water with less temperature fluctuation at moderate flow rates.
Storage water heaters in the United States and New Zealand are typically vertical, cylindrical tanks, usually standing on the floor or on a platform raised a short distance above the floor. Storage water heater tanks in Spain are typically horizontal. In India, they are mainly vertical. In apartments they can be mounted in the ceiling space over laundry-utility rooms.
In western countries, where ambient temperature is colder, tiny point-of-use electric storage water heaters with capacities ranging from 8 to 32 litres (2 to 6 gallons) are made for installation in kitchen and bath cabinets or on the wall above a sink. They typically use low power heating elements, about 1 kW to 1.5 kW, and can provide hot water long enough for hand washing, or, if plumbed into an existing hot water line, until hot water arrives from a remote high capacity water heater. They are sometimes used when retrofitting a pump and recirculating plumbing in a building is too costly or impractical. Since they maintain water temperature thermostatically, they will supply hot water at extremely low flow rates, unlike tankless heaters.
In tropical countries, like Singapore, India: An ideal storage water heater may vary from 10 L to 35 L Usage of 6 L tanks is not uncommon. Smaller tanks are sufficient as ambient weather and water temperature are moderate.
The inner tank of the Water heater is the single most important feature of a water heater. The best heaters have a copper container. The second most important feature may be the type of heating element. The cartridge elements score over tubular elements.
Modern water heaters have PUF (Polyurethane Foam) insulation. In countries where serviceability is very important, PUF capsules are kept between the inner tank and the outer body. Depending upon the insulation efficiency, star rating is given in India.
Other improvements include check valve devices at their inlet and outlet, cycle timers, electronic ignition in the case of fuel-using models, sealed air intake systems in the case of fuel-using models, and pipe insulation. The sealed air-intake system types are sometimes called "band-joist" intake units. "High efficiency" condensing units can convert up to 98% of the energy in the fuel to heating the water. The exhaust gases of combustion are cooled and are mechanically ventilated either through the roof or through an exterior wall. At high combustion efficiencies a drain must be supplied to handle the water condensed out of the combustion products which are primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor.
In traditional plumbing in the United Kingdom the space-heating boiler is set up to heat a separate hot water cylinder or hot water tank for potable hot water. Such tanks are often fitted with an auxiliary electrical immersion heater for a quick temperature boost. Heat from the space-heating boiler is transferred to the potable water tank by means of a heat exchanger, and the boiler operates at a higher temperature than the potable hot water supply. Most potable water heaters in the United States are completely separate from the space heating units.
Residential combustion water heaters manufactured since 2003 in the United States have been redesigned to resist ignition of flammable vapors and incorporate a thermal cutoff switch, per ANSI Z21.10.1. The first feature attempts to prevent vapors from flammable liquids and gasses in the vicinity of the heater from being ignited and thus causing a house fire or explosion. The second feature prevents tank overheating due to unusual combustion conditions. These safety requirements were made based on homeowners placing, and sometimes spilling, gasoline and other flammable gases near their water heaters and causing fires. Since most of the new designs incorporate some type of flame arrestor screen, they require monitoring to make sure they don't become clogged with lint or dust, reducing the availability of air for combustion. If the flame arrestor becomes clogged, the thermal cutoff may act to shut down the heater.
A wetback stove or wetback heater is the name (used in New Zealand at least) for a simple household secondary water-heater using incidental heat. It typically consists of a hot water pipe running behind a fireplace or stove (rather than hot water storage), and has no facility to limit the heating. In the UK, this is called a back boiler. Modern wetbacks may run the pipe in a more sophisticated design to assist heat-exchange.
In the past, tanks were made out of copper and were very corrosion resistant; they could last for decades. Now tanks are made out of steel lined with glass or porcelain. A steel tank can rust and leak. To prevent this, sacrificial anode rods of magnesium or aluminum alloy themselves undergo galvanic corrosion to reduce corrosion of the steel tank. Tanks with longer guarantees have increased anode material — when the anode is used up, the tank will rust. It may be possible to check the anode condition, and replace it if it is wearing out. Modern US water heater tanks last about ten years. The tank should have a tray underneath to contain leaks and channel them into a drain. Simple, battery-powered alarms are available for $10-$30 that alert the homeowner to leaks. All water heaters might eventually leak, so it is important to know where the water supply shutoff valve is located.
Electric water heaters made with plastic tanks (e.g, polybutylene) are available. Designed with corrosion-free and corrosion-resistant materials, they can conceivably last the life of a dwelling. The only maintenance requirement would be to periodically clean sediments from the bottom of the tank and clean mineral scale off the heating elements.
Because tank-type water heaters store heat, electrical water heaters can be a good match for an intelligent electrical power distribution system, heating when the electrical grid load is low and turning off when the load is high. This could be implemented by allowing the power supplier to send load-shedding requests, or by the use of real-time energy pricing. See Economy 7.
Tankless heaters can ideally be somewhat more efficient than storage water heaters. In both kinds of installation (centralized and POU) the absence of a tank saves energy as conventional water heaters have to reheat the water in the tank as it cools off, called standby loss. However, if the tank water heater is located inside the building, the heat lost through standby merely heats the building, thus reducing energy consumed by the building's furnace so actual energy savings due to standby loss elimination only happens if the building's central heating is off. With a central water heater of any type, water is wasted waiting for water to heat up because of the cold water in the pipes between the faucet and the water heater.
Tankless water heaters can be divided into two categories: "full on/full off" and "modulated". Full on/full off units do not have a variable power output level; the unit is either on or off. Modulated tankless water heaters base the heat output on the flow of water running through the unit. This is usually done through the use of a 'flow sensor', modulating gas valve, inlet water temperature sensor and an outlet water temperature sensor-choke valve and means that the occupants should receive the same output temperature of water at differing velocities, usually within a close range of ±2 °C.
The high efficiency condensing combination boiler provides both space heating and water heating, an increasingly popular choice in UK houses. In fact, combination boilers now account for over half of all the new domestic boilers installed in Britain.
In certain parts of South America as well as Costa Rica and Puerto Rico, a point of use style water heater commonly referred to as the "Electric Shower Head" is used in many residential and some commercial installations. As the name implies, an electric heating element is incorporated into such shower heads to heat the water. However, many of these units are often poorly installed, often with exposed wiring in wet locations.
Under current North American conditions, the most cost effective configuration from an operating viewpoint is usually to use a central tankless water heater for most of the house, and install a point of use tankless water heater at any distant faucets or bathrooms. However, this may vary according to how much electricity, gas and water costs in the area, the layout of the house, and how much hot water is used. Only electric tankless water heaters were available at first and they are still used for almost all point of use heaters, but natural gas and propane heaters are now common. When consumers are considering a whole house gas tankless unit, they are advised to look at how the unit functions when raising the water temperature by about 42 °C (75–77 °F). Thus, if they live in a cold weather climate, they are advised to look at the unit's capacity with 3-10 °C (38–50 °F) inlet water temperatures, and find a size that produces approximately 15 litres/minute (4 gpm) even in winter if they have a typical-sized house and desire what is called a 2-appliance heater. This same unit may produce 25-30 litres/minute (6.3–6.9 gpm) in summer with higher inlet temperatures, but there is greater interest in year round production and usability.
In some locales, solar powered water heaters are used. Their solar collectors are installed outside dwellings, typically on the roof or nearby. Nearly all models are the direct-gain type, consisting of flat panels in which water circulates. Other types may use dish or trough mirrors to concentrate sunlight on a collector tube filled with water, brine or other heat transfer fluid. A storage tank is placed indoors or out. Circulation is caused by natural convection or by a small electric pump. At night, or when insufficient sunlight is present, circulation through the panel can be stopped by closing a valve and/or stopping the circulating pump, to keep hot water in the storage tank from cooling. Depending on the local climate, freeze protection, as well as prevention of overheating, must be addressed in their design, installation, and operation.
Another type of solar water heater is the evacuated tube collector. It is usually mounted on a roof, and has a row of glass tubes containing heat conducting rods, typically copper. The rods act as heating elements in a circulating loop of antifreeze. The captured heat is transferred into the domestic hot water system by a heat exchanger. This design is smaller and more efficient than traditional flat plate collectors, and works well in very cold climates. The evacuated description refers to air having been removed from the glass tubes to create a vacuum. This results in very low heat loss, once the inside coating has absorbed solar radiation.
If a water heater is installed in a garage, it is recommended, and many codes require, that it be elevated at least 18 inches (0.46 m) above the floor to reduce the potential for fire or explosion due to spillage or leakage of combustible liquids in the garage. Furthermore, some local codes mandate that tank-type heaters in new and retrofit installations be braced to an adjacent wall with a strap to prevent them from tipping over and breaking the water and gas pipes in the event of an earthquake.
For older houses where the water heater is part of the space heating boiler, and plumbing codes allow, some plumbers will install a "Watts 210" device in place of a TPR valve. When the device senses that the temperature reaches 99 °C (210 °F), it will shut off the gas supply and prevent further heating. In addition, an expansion tank or exterior pressure relief valve must be installed to prevent pressure buildup in the plumbing from rupturing pipes, valves, or the water heater.
Scalding is a serious concern with any water heater. Human skin burns quickly at high temperature, e.g., only 60 °C (140 °F), but also at lower temperatures, e.g., 50 °C (120 °F), if the exposure times are sufficient. Older people and children often receive the most serious scalds due to disabilities or slow reaction times. In Australia and elsewhere it is common practice to put a tempering valve on the outlet of the water heater. A tempering valve mixes enough cold water with the hot from the heater to keep the outgoing water temperature fixed, often set to 50 °C. Without a tempering valve, reduction of the water heater's setpoint temperature is the most direct way to reduce scalding. However, for sanitation, hot water is needed. Most residential dishwashing machines, for example, include an electric heating element for increasing the water temperature above that provided by water heaters.
There are two seemingly conflicting safety issues around water heater temperature — the risk of scalding from excessively hot water, and the risk of incubating bacteria colonies, particularly Legionella, in water that is not hot enough to kill them. Both risks are potentially life threatening and are balanced by setting the water heater's thermostat to at least 50 °C (120 °F). The European Guidelines for Control and Prevention of Travel Associated Legionnaires' Disease recommend that hot water should be stored at 60°C (140 °F) and distributed such that a temperature of at least 50°C and preferably 55°C is achieved within one minute at outlets. If there is a dishwasher without a booster heater, it may require a water temperature within a range of 57 °C (130 °F) to 60 °C (140 °F) for optimum cleaning, in which case tempering valves set to no more than 55°C can be applied to faucets to avoid scalding. (Note: Tank temperatures above 60°C may produce calcium deposits, which could later harbor bacteria, in the water tank. Temperatures above 60°C may also cause gradual erosion of glassware in a dishwasher.)


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Lighthouse Lighthouse is a Junior Badge from the Girl Scouts of Central and Southern New Jersey Council.
The purpose of this Junior Proficiency Badge is to educate Girl Scouts about lighthouse history and the restoration and preservation efforts to maintain them.
Do six activities to earn this Junior Proficiency Badge.
What is a lighthouse and where are they located? Why are they located there?
Look at pictures of lighthouses near you or you would like to visit, then do one of the following: Make a model of it out of clay, paper, paper cups, or paint, color or draw it. More – design your own lighthouse.
Read stories about haunted lighthouses and lighthouse lore. Examples: http://seadrift.tripod.com/lighthouse7.html or http://www.jacksjoint.com/seatales.htm
Learn about at least one female Lighthouse Keeper.
Find out about the history of lighthouses and lightships.
Do a service project of your choice that would help preserve a lighthouse, or spread the information of lighthouse preservation efforts.
Learn the lighthouse terminology.
Visit a lighthouse, either online or in person.
Find out interesting facts about lighthouses and share with others.
See also
List of Council's Own Junior Badges
Aquaculture Badge
Coast Guard Pride Badge
Oceanography Badge
Navy Pride Badge
Saltwater Badge
External Links
Earned Awards: Council's Own Earned Awards - Juliette's Closet, Girl Scouts of Central and Southern New Jersey
Lighthouse Badge

subset: commoncrawl


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One firefighter injured in blaze at local artist's home
Date posted: April 28, 2014
SHERIDAN — One firefighter from Sheridan Fire-Rescue was injured in the course of fighting a fire at the residence of local artist and philanthropist Neltje on Sunday night.
SFR Chief Terry Lenhart said crews were called to the structure fire at 11 Lower Piney Creek Road near Banner at 7:41 p.m. and confronted an active fire on the second story in one of the wings of the house.
Lenhart said the firefighter's injury was minor. However, he was examined at Sheridan Memorial Hospital and released shortly afterward.
Lenhart said most of the fire damage to the structure, which he classified as extensive, occurred in a bedroom and bathroom.
He said when occupants of the house became aware of the fire, they attempted to put it out with an extinguisher, but when those efforts were unsuccessful, the occupants closed the doors to the rooms containing the blaze and exited the building.
"We were able to put it out quickly once we were on the scene," Lenhart said, indicating his crews left the scene at 10:37 p.m.
The residence falls within the jurisdiction of the Clearmont Fire District. CFD Chief Fritz Bates indicated the cause of the blaze is still under investigation by the Wyoming State Fire Marshal's Office.
In addition to SFR and CFD, the Goose Valley Volunteer Fire Department, Sheridan County Sheriff's Office and Rocky Mountain Ambulance also contributed to the emergency response efforts.
Neltje is the founder of the Jentel Artist Residency Program and has promised her ranch, home and art collection to the University of Wyoming upon her death. The Sheridan Press was unable to reach her or a spokesperson to determine what, if any, items were damaged in Sunday's fire.
Copyright © 2015 The Sheridan Press or Sheridan Newspapers, Inc.
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The Catalyst
Letter from MSW Program Director
We are completing another Academic Year in the MSW Program. The major task (beside educating students) has been writing the Reaffirmation document for our accreditation. Volume I ended up being 207 pages long; the other 2 documents contain syllabi and various Manuals. The documents were mailed to D.C., at the end of March, and our Site Visitors will be here October 30 & 31, 2014.
We had many applications for next year and have quite long Waiting Lists for both the Foundation and Concentration Program. We are also seeing an increase in the number of students choosing the Part-Time Option.
For the first time we will be offering an elective class through Continuing Studies for those students and alumni who are in need of Clinical Hours. Plans are underway for the Program to begin offering other electives for our MSW students, both during the summer and during the semesters. Those courses will also be available to alumni (based on enrollment).
Thank you for having chosen SCSU for your education, and we all look forward to meeting you at various events in the years ahead.
Gary S. Whitford Holey


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Stunning Images of Moore Oklahoma Tornado Aftermath (0)
1/28/15 •
A devastating tornado struck Moore, OK on May 20, 2013 – a date which will be etched in the memories of residents for years to come. The damage is still being assessed and the death toll is still rising. Photographs are emerging of the damage, reminding many of the damage following the May 3, 1999 […]
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A gallery of enduring images captured over 24 hours before, during, and following Hurricane Sandy's landfall on the evening of October 29, 2012.
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10/29/12 •
Before Hurricane Sandy even makes landfall, fake photographs are already spreading like wildfire across the internet. These are just a few of the photos that are sure to spread in the coming days.
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7/30/12 •
On Saturday, the Storm Prediction Center recorded just a single report of a tornado. That tornado, it turns out, is one for the record books.
Tremendous Hail Storm Buries Texas Highway (2)
4/12/12 •
A slow-moving supercell buried a Texas highway in several feet of hail on Wednesday, bringing traffic to a halt and requiring the department of transportation to call out the snow plows to clear the roadway.
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4/03/12 •
Several devastating tornadoes swept through the Dallas Fort Worth area today, bringing about a rare "tornado emergency" designation from the local National Weather Service office. The storms went on to cause millions of dollars in property damage that will take weeks to fully assess.
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3/07/12 •
A spectacular, though fleeting, display of low-level cloud streets were visible over the Kansas City metro area Wednesday morning as strong low- and mid-level southerly flow usured in moisture from the south. Cloud streets generally orient themselves parallel to the low-level flow, with a slight slant of 10-20 degrees to the left. This orientation was […]
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I often switch between pampers and luvs diapers, but I always buy luvs wipes. Luvs wipes are inexpensive, smell amazing and get the job done right! =)
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It is our pleasure to announce James Bertwistle as the winner of the 2015 CD-adapco Calendar Contest. This year again, contestants from all around the world submitted images of exceptional quality. James's entry, which represents the Wind Effects around Tall London Buildings, scooped the first prize owing to its beautiful and accurate representation of urban wind flow, as used in environmental impact assessments for new building developments during the planning application process.
James is an expert user of STAR-CCM+®, having started working at WSP nearly 10 years ago as a graduate from the University of Leeds CFD Masters course. He is now the Associate Director of WSP's Computational Fluid Dynamics group in the UK, leading a team of CFD modeling engineers specializing in performance-based design for the built environment.
I met up with James to find out exactly how he applies simulation to real-world engineering problems.
Spend time in the boardrooms or around the water coolers of Houston, and the subject will soon turn to the day's oil price. Due to a combination of anemic global economic growth and, among other things, the supply side revolution of North American Shale, the oil price has plummeted by almost 30% in the past 3 months. As I write this blog WTI* is trading at a 5 year low, leaving the industry contemplating the considerable challenge of operating at $50 per barrel.
While each company's view on how to tackle this new paradigm will differ, for many it will be to continue the day job (deliver quality, innovative products and solutions), but at reduced time and cost, without compromising safety.
It's my belief that first principles approach, based engineering simulation tools such as those we (CD-adapco) deliver, will be a key enabler, as companies will increasingly rely on simulation based design exploration. The initial driver will be to reduce engineering cost and time, but they'll also benefit from simulation as an innovation enabler.
As an engineering educator, do you wonder how to meet the needs of industry today while researching and developing technology for future generations? As a professional, do you stay awake at night wondering if tomorrow's engineers will be prepared for engineering success on your real-world applications? Countries around the world are forecasting a shortage of engineers in the coming years and there is speculation today's engineering graduates are lacking the necessary skills and abilities needed to be successful in current and future engineering environments.
How do we meet the needs of industry in the 21st century while researching and developing technology for future generations? How do we prepare tomorrow's engineers for engineering success on real-world applications? The answer is simple: we must all work together. By "we," I mean academia, industry and (for the purposes of this Blog) CD-adapco as an engineering tool provider.
Academia and industry have been successfully collaborating together for over 100 years. When industry and academia work together to push the boundaries, they form a powerful team capable of driving innovation and economic growth. Moving forward, there needs to be more open communication and collaboration between industry and academia to understand and address the qualities and skills engineering graduates should possess when transitioning from academia to industry. This means collaboration needs to expand from research labs and into the classroom.
The other day, my designing skills were put to the test. A tad too far. I was using the 3D-CAD modeler in STAR-CCM+. I mean my final design objective was nothing compared to what some of the STAR-CCM+ users are able to build: did you ever see this STAR-Bike built in 3D-CAD?!
It's been said that education and competition are two of the most important ingredients in life. There is no doubt that education (whether it be formal or informal) is a primary key to success, and the roots of education reside in competition. Throughout your educational career, you will continuously compete and I can guarantee - it won't stop when you graduate! Whether you are in a contest to be the fastest runner on the playground, the National Spelling Champion or up against a number of other MBAs for a plum job at a Fortune 500 company, competition will always play a part in your life.
To recognize and encourage the innovative use of our software, the CD-adapco Global Academic Program is announcing the first ever STAR-CCM+ SIMULATION APP CONTEST! Using the Simulation Assistant in STAR-CCM+, we challenge you to develop an App which captures best practices.
2D simulation is a great way to test out designs and boundary conditions, personally I use it all the time when I am setting up a complex case for the first time or just playing with a new feature.
Historically in STAR-CCM+ there wasn't a pipelined way to build and run 2D meshes, but now with version 9.06 there are two new features that will put that problem to rest.
Being able to plot solution quality metrics while your simulation is running, that is, live-processing as opposed to post-processing, is one of the most distinctive functional aspects of STAR-CCM+. This lets you critically interrogate your results and make changes on-the-fly, thereby increasing your productivity. There are many very capable 3rd party plotting tools available. However working with them requires exporting and importing data, adding several steps to your workflow and making it difficult to automate. Still, there's an argument to be made that plotted results need to be legible and, to a degree, customizable. With this release, we have targeted visual plot quality as an area for improvement.
When we initially consider the analysis of unsteady phenomena in turbomachinery, aeroelasticity and aeroacoustics, we're quickly confronted by the simulation cost – transient analyses by their very nature will simply take longer to run compared to steady ones. And for these types of problems, where the simulation objectives (understanding of flutter and limit cycle oscillations for example) demand a time-dependent treatment, the time steps need to be small and the physical time required can be long. Not that this isn't challenging enough, usually, the entire machine needs to be modeled at a high level of spatial fidelity, thereby driving up the size and cost of the analysis even further. But, all is not lost– enter the Harmonic Balance method, first introduced with STAR-CCM+ 4.04 in 2009, capable of delivering at least a 10-fold reduction in your time to a solution. And, that's not the only benefit to be had with this approach – it's possible to mesh just a single blade passage through all the blade rows in your machine and obtain a solution which varies from blade-to-blade, capturing critical blade row interactions.
Overset Mesh is one of the coolest technologies in STAR-CCM+ as it allows objects to move around your computational domain freely without tying your mesh in knots, be that an overtaking car, an excavator arm, or the complex multiple motions involved in a production line. The motion does not even have to be prescribed, the Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction (DFBI) model allows you to solve for motion, in six degrees of freedom or less, based on the forces and moments acting on a body, such as a boat on a free surface, or a ball in a ball valve. To date, however, there has been one major constraint when using Overset Mesh, namely that all gaps had to be resolved with at least 2-4 cells, however small the gap, for Overset Mesh to work correctly. This limitation meant that for some cases with very small gaps, users had to choose between excessive cell counts or increasing the gap size in an unphysical manner.
The upcoming release of STAR-CCM+ v9.06 removes that constraint with the introduction of gap handling for Overset Mesh via the new "Zero Gap" Interface type.
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Will twin tunnels water project float?
Gov. Jerry Brown's ambitious tunnels designed to ship water partly underground to Southern California would be tall enough to comfortably fit an adult giraffe, wide enough for three freeway lanes and have ample room to carry enough water to serve 35,000 homes on a typical day.
But the barriers to Brown's project may be even more immense. There is the $14 billion price tag. Powerful state and federal environmental regulators have to be convinced. History has not been an ally. And those whose lives could be upended are defiant.
"Yes, this is big. But so is the problem," Brown said.
The two 35-mile-long tunnels would be laid out side-by-side, 150-feet under the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta before connecting to an existing southbound aqueduct.
Construction and operational costs would be billed to those who stand to benefit the most: big users like the Metropolitan Water District, some cities near San Francisco and Central Valley irrigation districts that serve farmers.
Metropolitan has estimated ratepayers in San Diego County could see their bills go up by about $6 monthly and farmers, particularly avocado growers in North County, will also pay more.
The Brown administration has been methodically moving ahead with the "twin tunnels" project for some time, but a final design and environmental approvals are months away. A cost analysis is due April 22.
The forecast calls for a 2016 groundbreaking and 2026 ribbon-cutting.
Currently, powerful pumps push southbound water through the delta, a 1,100 maze of waterways and crop-rich islands. About two-thirds of the state's drinking water flow through the region.
Supporters say the tunnels would not draw any more water from the north than what has been made available historically. The project proposes a more efficient and environmentally friendly way by transporting supplies to farms, homes and businesses south of the delta and in San Diego, they say.
Court orders to protect fish have interrupted water deliveries, forcing farmers to leave land unplanted and heightened uncertainly in industries that count on large volumes of water, such as Silicon Valley computer chip-makers and biotech companies in San Diego.
To overcome those problems, the project includes new diversion points with better screens that would be located in a safer position so that massive fish kills would become a thing of the past. The older pumps would still be used, but not nearly as much, Brown's team says.
The new diversion also would be less at risk of earthquakes and flooding than many of the older levees scattered throughout the delta, they contend.
Critics say a new canal threatens to rob the delta of fresh water essential to the environment, farming and fishing. The project is also too expensive, they say, and offers no guarantees of surviving a catastrophic earthquake or other disasters.
The tunnels, along with accompanying habitat restoration initiatives, could also take farms out of production, slice through orchards and fields, and close access roads, they say.
The state should first conduct a thorough analysis of how much water can be safely exported, suggested Doug Hemly, sitting in his packing house office just a few yards away from the proposed project.


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Book Search
Creativity and Writing
Developing Voice and Verve in the Classroom
This clear yet authoritative book affirms the vital role of creativity in writing and considers and encourages flexible, innovative practices in teaching. Importantly, the book reflects upon teachers' imaginative and artistic involvement in the writing process as role models, collaborators, artists...
Published May 5th 2005 by Routledge
The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Language and Literacy
Series: RoutledgeFalmer Readers in Education
In this essential collection of readings, Teresa Grainger provides carefully chosen journal articles and chapters that offer significant and serious insights into the changing face of literacy. The twenty-five contributors all adopt a broad conception of literacy and contemporary literacy practices...
Published December 11th 2003 by Routledge
Inclusive Educational Practice
First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company....
Published November 17th 2000 by David Fulton Publishers


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- WWE has added a Smackdown live event from the Linco Stadium in Taipei, Taiwan to their schedule for Sunday, August 12, 2012.
- The following is from the official Twitter account of Joey Styles:
I'm happy to announce that I can now be booked for personal appearances EXCLUSIVELY through wrestlingmarx.com at email@example.com.
— Joey Styles (@JoeyStyles) May 30, 2012


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THE moon landing celebrations are all very well, but now it's time for a trip to Mars. So say Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.
"Sometimes I think I flew to the wrong place," said Collins at an event at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the moon landing. "The moon is not a particularly interesting place," he added. "Mars is the closest thing to Earth's sister that we've found so far."
Buzz Aldrin called for NASA to send astronauts to Mars by 2035. "I don't think there's any point in sending human beings to the surface of the moon and having them spend the rest of their career there," he said at a briefing on 20 July. "There may be life on Mars. If there is it's damn sure that we ought to go there and look ...
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How mad would Eddie Chiles be now?
Click here to listen to the broadcast of You Tell Me, Friday, May 16, 2008 on Newstalk 600 KTBB.
(A quick closed circuit to Michael Carter. Your comment on last week's piece is one of the best we have ever received. Thanks for listening and thanks for the response, Mr. Carter. It's greatly appreciated. Click here to read Mr. Carter's comment.)
Back in the late 1970s, Eddie Chiles, the CEO of the Western Company of North America, an oil services firm, collaborated with adman William Finn from right here in Tyler. Together, they produced and ran radio commercials all over the southwestern and midwestern United States. You might remember the copy. The announcer would start off, "Are you mad today, Eddie Chiles? 'Yes I'm mad,'" he would say and off he would go on how poorly we were being represented by a too-liberal, big-government Congress.
The effort became something of a cultural phenomenon. All over this part of the world you would see cars with bumper stickers that said, 'I'm mad, too, Eddie.'
(Click here to read about Eddie Chiles's 'I'm Mad' campaign.)
Chiles's radio campaign ran for nearly a year leading up to the 1980 election. And although it did not materially impact the Democrat dominance of Congress, it did serve to remind many in Congress that they do, in fact, serve at the pleasure of the voters. There were some unpleasant moments for many congressmen and some outright defeats for some, all of whom otherwise believed that they had little to fear with respect to re-election.
I'm reminded of all of this because I, like Eddie Chiles, am mad. Like William Holden in the movie Network, (the reputed inspiration for Eddie Chiles's radio campaign) I'm mad as hell and I'm not going to take it any more.
(Editor's note: It was actually Peter Finch who said, "I'm mad as hell…" not William Holden as we said on the air. We stand corrected and we thank the listener for pointing out our error.)
This piece today is little different from what we discussed last Friday and the Friday before that. But what's happening with respect to energy is the big story. Our way of life and our prosperity are being threatened in ways we haven't seen in over 30 years.
Gasoline prices are killing us. The high price of gas is rippling all through the economy. It's raising the price of food. It's killing business for auto dealers, boat dealers, RV dealers, marinas, restaurants and retailers. Money that is being diverted into filling up cars is being withheld from home improvement, dining out, buying clothes, going on vacation and so much more.
High gasoline prices are quite literally making us poorer.
And yet, much of this pain is completely unnecessary. Yes, demand is up. And it will continue to go up because even if we curtail our driving and our usage of energy, the burgeoning economies in China and India will not.
Increasing demand for fossil fuel is a fact of life.
So if demand is going to increase, the only mechanism for lowering the price is to increase supply. Which would be happening if free markets were allowed to work but isn't because of the churlishness of the leadership in Congress.
Every person currently occupying the political spotlight is part of the problem. Every one. Republican John McCain is on record as being against drilling for oil in the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge, (ANWR). I so far can't seem to find where he stands regarding the Outer Continental Shelf and the shale deposits in the Midwest.
Presidential candidates Obama and Clinton, together with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, good Democrats all, are just plain against drilling anywhere. They apparently don't want the U.S. to drill a single additional oil or gas well, no matter how much energy could be produced and no matter how desperately we need it.
Obama, Clinton, Reid and Pelosi would all have you believe that they are the stalwart advocates for the poor and the disadvantaged and those who are victims of oil company greed and unfeeling Republicans. Answer me a question, Madame Speaker. Who is more damaged by $4.00 gasoline, one of your rich San Francisco liberal buddies or someone trying to get by on minimum wage?
I said it last week. A simple announcement from Reid and Pelosi that they are reversing their positions regarding drilling in ANWR and on the Outer Continental Shelf and on other federal lands, and the price of oil will plummet immediately.
The fact that they, together with nearly every Democrat and way too many Republicans, won't do this, is simply outrageous.
Yes, I'm mad, Eddie. I'm mad as hell.
It was Peter Finch who was "mad as hell" in NETWORK, not William Holden…
I'm mad as hell also!
Your words of the past two weeks ring true like the gospel. The needs of the many are being overridden by the interest of a few. I seriously doubt that very many Average Americans would object to drilling anywhere if it would bring down the price of gas.
It is absolutely sickening to think that we as a country could be energy independent if our own government would let it happen.
The million dollar question is what can we as Average Americans do about it before it's to late
Does anyone get out and look around in Texas. Right now there is drilling going on all over East Texas and the Ft. worth area. The biggest Natural gas field in the U.S. has been discovered. Estimated between 300 to 400 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. So don't tell me the Democrats are not letting any drilling happen. If you don't believe it just drive East of Tyler.
my uncle is eddie chiles and i agree 100% with this article. i am mad too uncle eddie.
Sure do miss the good ole days when it was fun to work 24 hrs a day & actually enjoyed it. Good Company good people w/ good attitudes. Unfortunate to see a really good outfit dissolve. Still miss it.
Feb 7, 2010 @ 8:08 am
Eddie Chiles is or should be an inspiration to all americans and people with work ethic for the good of mankind and a drive to achive perfection in every aspect of his life both public and private .
I have been saddened to see his efforts undermined and destroyed by lazy unethical individuals that are driven by greed rather than patriotism to their country and ours who held public office and legislative authority .
I had the prevladge of working for Eddie at The Western Company from 1980 to 86 possible the best job I ever had. I KNOW that Eddie is turning over in his grave now.
The oil well drilling began years ago. I am still holding my land in Honeygrove, waiting for them to discover oil there. It is strange how all this never came to light when GW Bush was in office. The problem started when they were allowed to drill without an emergency plan in place. Starting in time, beats fast running?
I was just a boy then, but I still remember the Mad as Hell spots. The parallels between then and now are startling. I bet you could replay those messages and they'd still be just as relevant today.
I have a I'M MAD TOO, EDDIE! bumber sticker that Eddie himself signed and gave to me in NOV of 1980. This was right before the general election in which Ronald Reagan was elected. Eddie was traveling with Senator Tower and a few others in Odessa,TX.
I am one of the few people that remember being at the grand opening in Seagraves,TX of Western Company of North America.
I worked 11 years in the West Tx Oilfield in Snyder Tx for The Western Company Of North America, and I too miss those days.
I got to meet Uncle Eddie and he was one hell of a fine man. God fearing and hard working. YES! he's got to be turning in his grave with all that is going on in our country.
God Bless'em.


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Erkis U.S.A., Inc. filed as a Domestic for Profit Corporation in the State of Florida and is no longer active. This corporate entity was filed approximately thirty-three years ago on Tuesday, September 28, 1982 as recorded in documents filed with Florida Department of State.
Georges Starckmann served as the President
The registered agent for the company is Georges Starckmann. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Erkis U.S.A., Inc.
Georges Starckmann
President, Treasurer, Secretary, Director
|Filing Type:
|Domestic for Profit Corporation
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Tuesday, September 28, 1982
|Registered Agent
|Georges Starckmann
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
|Learn More
|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Erkis U.S.A., Inc. combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
|Learn More
|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Erkis U.S.A., Inc..


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Revenge Spoiler! How Fans Killed a Potential Storyline: Creator Mike Kelley Tells All
Revenge fans are a vocal bunch. We know what we like (TyleNol!), don't (Fauxmanda), and what would cause us to turn off our screens for good.
In the case of the latter, creator Mike Kelley admits that fan outrage over a particular theory — that David Clarke could still be alive — caused him to delete it from his potential storyline list. Forever.
"I try to limit my exposure to the fans, because it can become such a compelling force for choosing the stories I want to tell," he says.
But fan response still trickles back to him via friends and family, and it does affect Kelley's plotting.
"There's a thread on a particular website where basically they say if we reveal that Emily's father is not dead we have ruined the show and that was an option for me," he explains.
"At this point, I'm no longer considering that option. So, I try not to let what fans want decide what the show is going to be. But, I also want to respect what people are responding too. It's complicated."
Complicated for him, sure, but as Revenge fans, we can't say we're unhappy that our voices are heard!
Source: The Hollywood Reporter
Wanna share theories with fellow Revenge fans? Join the discussion on our Revenge Facebook page!
Follow @RevengeWetpaint on Twitter
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March 6, 2006 9:00 PM PST
Cingular launches mobile-TV service
- Related Stories
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Cell phones channel TV broadcastsJanuary 25, 2005
The service--called Cingular Video--allows viewers to select short three- to five-minute clips from 18 different channels, including selections from shows airing on the Cartoon Network, NBC and ESPN.
Cingular has also partnered with media companies to offer exclusive content from sources such as Fox News, which will offer short clips of news, and HBO, which will offer clips of "The Sopranos," "Sex and the City," "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and "Entourage."
Cingular Video will be available free of charge to Cingular customers purchasing an unlimited 3G data package, which costs $19.99 per month. The data package also allows for unlimited text messaging, e-mailing and picture sharing over the network. To receive clips from HBO, customers will have to subscribe to a premium channel, which costs $4.99 per month.
Cingular's competitors also offer video clips. Verizon Wireless offers a service called V Cast over its 3G wireless network for $15 per month. The subscription includes 300 channels of packaged video clips between one and four minutes long. Sprint Nextel charges $9.99 for its on-demand video service, but users must also subscribe to a data package, which can cost an additional $10 to $20 per month.
Cingular currently offers a live TV service over its 2.5G network through MobiTV. That service costs $9.99 per month. In addition to the MobiTV subscription, customers must sign up for a data package, which ranges from $4.99 per month for 1MB of data usage to a $19.99 package for unlimited data usage.
Mobile operators, such as Cingular, are hoping mobile TV is a big hit with consumers, generating additional revenue that will help offset the billions of dollars operators have already spent to build new 3G high-speed wireless networks.
But some studies suggest that Americans may not be interested watching TV on their cell phones. About 75 percent of roughly 1,000 people polled said they had no interest in watching TV on their cells, according to a survey conducted by RBC Capital Markets.
Cingular's 3G network is currently available in 16 markets. And it offers 3G service on the LG CU320 or Samsung SGH-ZX10 handsets and will add the Nokia 6282 and LG CU500 to its 3G product line later this spring. Prices for Cingular 3G handsets start at $99 after a $50 mail-in rebate for a two-year service plan commitment.
See more CNET content tagged:
Cingular Wireless, 3G, MobiTV, on-demand, mobile TV
12 commentsJoin the conversation! Add your comment
- TV? How about customer service and coverage?
- Cingular doesn't need TV, they need a network that doesn't bog down at multiple times during the day, customer service reps that have a clue, a new management team, and coverage that makes it so my phone actually rings more than one in four times.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- I really want to know
- Who decided that Tv to GO was the next big thing, all the companies seem to think its gonna be big, but almost everyone ive seen has no intrest in it.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Coverage
- Why yes, didn't you know that Cingular has nationwide coverage? There are cell sites in New York and in San Francisco, so they can call it "nationwide" coverage, just lite Verizon, T-Mobile, U.S. Cellular, Sprint/Nextel, etc etc etc. Never mind the 90% of the country that doesn't have analog, digital, CDMA, EVDO, or GSM coverage. Watching TV on my iPod is bearable but I have NO interest in watching on a cell phone screen!
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Re: Coverage
- Try knowing something about the wireless carriers and their networks before spouting incorrect information.
Sprint and Verizon use CDMA which covers the country, with the exception of Verizons' service in OK state which is almost non-existant.
Digital aka TDMA is being phased out by Cingular, who are trying their best to get rid of the former ATT side aka "blue".
GSM is nationally deployed, as is EVDO.
(Verizon has something close to 3 times as many locations rolled out for EVDO versus Sprint)
CDMA is a technology that needs to be got rid of. It isn't global. It is a relic.
- Like Link Flag
- Coverage
- Why yes, didn't you know that Cingular has nationwide coverage? There are cell sites in New York and in San Francisco, so they can call it "nationwide" coverage, just lite Verizon, T-Mobile, U.S. Cellular, Sprint/Nextel, etc etc etc. Never mind the 90% of the country that doesn't have analog, digital, CDMA, EVDO, or GSM coverage. Watching TV on my iPod is bearable but I have NO interest in watching on a cell phone screen!
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Who wants lilliputian videos?
- What is it with all this rush to lilliputian video? I've got a decent
sized color screen on my Nokia but watching video on it is a
I tried watching the "Conviction" pilot episode (free download
from iTunes) on my iPod just to check out the quality but gave
up after 5 minutes.
As far as I'm concerned, by the time you make a device with a
big enough screen to watch mobile video, the box is too big to
carry around.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Small minds want to know....
- .... The very same small minds who are trying to push this
microcephalic concept.
- Like Link Flag
- pointless
- who wants to watch clips of anything? i dont, i want the full movie streaming, cingular doesnt even have full mp3z to download, lame
- Like Reply Link Flag


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July 22, 2013
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By day, Arthur Poppington directs traffic around road construction sites, but at night he dons a pair of black tights, a black jersey with a crude "D" duct-taped to his chest, and trawls the streets as his alter ego. As Defendor, Poppington engages in what he believes is a super heroic fight against crime in an attempt to fulfill his unrealized dream of capturing his archrival, Captain Industry -- a gun trafficking crime lord who Poppington mistakenly believes is responsible for the death of his mother. When coming to the aid of an underage prostitute, Defendor tangles with her pimp, a crooked undercover cop. By doing so, Defendor bumbles his way into a criminal underworld, and the stage is set for a showdown with Captain Industry.
Rated R for drug use and language throughout, violence and sexual content.
Visit the official site
Cast: Sandra Oh, Woody Harrelson, Lisa Ray, Elias Koteas, Kat Dennings
Produced by:
Directed by: Peter Stebbings
Written by: Peter Stebbings
Running time: 1hr 35min
Opens: Feb 26, 2010 LA


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Petr KnothResearch Fellow
I am a researcher interested in topics including Computational Linguistics, Information Retrieval and Digital Libraries. I am also an Open Access enthusiast - believing in free access to knowledge for everybody. I acknowledge the necessity of migrating towards better research practices and criticise narrow-minded methods for evaluating research excellence.
I have been involved as a researcher and as a PI in a number of European Commission, national and international funded research projects. I am the founder of the CORE system and have worked as the lead architect, developer and manager for the CORE family of projects.
Keys: Text Mining, Information Retrieval, Automatic Link Discovery, Aggregations, Big Data and Cloud Computing, Open Science, Open Access
Team: Lucas Anastasiou, Matteo Cancellieri, Drahomira Herrmannova, Dominika Koroncziova, Samuel Pearce
CORE - COnnecting REpositories
26 Aug 2014
19 Aug 2014
11 Jul 2014
11 Jul 2014
01 Apr 2014
Knoth, P. and Herrmannova, D. (2014) Towards Semantometrics: A New Semantic Similarity Based Measure for Assessing a Research Publication's Contribution, D-Lib Magazine, 20, 11/12, Corporation for National Research Initiatives
Kats, P., Knoth, P., Mamakis, G., Mielnicki, M., Muhr, M. and Werla, M. (2014) Design of Europeana Cloud Technical Infrastructure, Poster at Digital Libraries (DL 2014), London, United Kingdom
Knoth, P., Anastasiou, L. and Pearce, S. (2014) My repository is being aggregated: a blessig or a curse?, Open Repositories 2014 (OR 2014), Helsinki, Finland
Knoth, P. (2013) CORE: Aggregation Use Cases for Open Access, Demo at Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2013), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Knoth, P. (2013) From Open Access Metadata to Open Access Content: Two Principles for Increased Visibility of Open Access Content, Open Repositories 2013, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada


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(PRWEB) May 01, 2013
Discuss the latest in kitchen & bathroom design, current retail trends and their impact locally on businesses, products and trends with Reico Kitchen & Bath and Sarah Reep, Director of Designer Relations & Education for Masco Cabinetry during a luncheon May 8 in Richmond, Va. and May 9 in Springfield, Va. This informal, open conversation is designed to share observations, ideas and trends among professionals in the kitchen and bath industry.
"It is important to us that we be a valuable resource for our customers," says Jim Grace, director of marketing and training at Reico Kitchen & Bath. "We bring in experts from the kitchen and bath industry 3-4 times a year to provide training for our customers that can aid them in various aspects of their business, from design and trends to digital marketing and social media. We are excited to be able to bring back Sarah for this new training after the success we had previously with her Universal Design and The Gen Y Buyer classes."
During the luncheon where food will be provided, Sarah Reep will be covering 3 great topics affecting the kitchen and bath industry today. These topics include:
"Understanding emerging trends provides us with insights that allow us to engage in productive ways within the market and with our business for consumers," says Reep. "Sharing and gaining viewpoints on best practices increases our opportunities for your personal approach and for your business overall."
Sarah Reep is a kitchen and bath expert, an award-winning designer, and an experienced educator in the U.S. and abroad. Sarah has been a regular columnist for Kitchen and Bath Design News and her project design work and expert opinion has been published in a wide number of other trade and consumer publications, including Better Homes & Gardens, Woman's Day, This Old House and Renovation Style. She often works with Home & Garden Television (HGTV) and is a regular consultant on ABC television's Extreme Makeover: Home Edition.
Wednesday, May 8th from 9-12 p.m. EST at Reico Kitchen & Bath, 2132 Tomlynn Street, Richmond, VA 23230
Thursday, May 9th from 9-12 p.m. EST at Reico Kitchen & Bath, 6790 Commercial Drive, Springfield, VA 22151.
Space is limited, so sign up today! To RSVP contact Kim Dill at 703-245-8917 or kdill(at)Reico(dot)com
About Reico Kitchen & Bath
For over 60 years, Reico Kitchen & Bath has been the premier distributor of kitchens and bathrooms in the mid-Atlantic region with 17 stores covering VA, MD, DE and PA. While they are the largest kitchen and bath distributor in the country, the success of their company has been structured around earning the business and appreciation of their clients. It is their goal to have every customer recommend them. They offer full turnkey service, providing cabinets, countertops, appliances, installation and everything else for a kitchen or bathroom project. Come to where the professionals have trusted their own businesses since 1952, and watch Reico bring your dream of a new kitchen or bathroom to life. For more information visit http://www.reico.com/


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Biological Treatment, Bioremediation, and Natural Attenuation
Biological treatment, bioremediation and natural attenuation has been a rapidly growing area of science over the past decade. The acceptance of natural attenuation as a solution for cleaning up contaminated sites and DOEs recognition that they will have long-term stewardship issues that they must address at the most contaminated sites has greatly increased the urgency for basic and applied research related to microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. This type of research is truly enabling for natural attenuation since characterization, predictions, and verification monitoring require a strong scientific basis. Natural attenuation is viewed as the best solution for cleaning up many waste sites and will save billions of dollars in cleanup costs. Bioremediation, both in situ and ex situ have also enjoyed strong scientific growth, in part due to the increased use of natural attenuation, since most natural attenuation is due to biodegradation. Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation are also seen as a solution for emerging contaminant problems, e.g. MTBE, endocrine disrupters, landfill stabilization, mixed waste biotreatment, and biological carbon sequestration.The Center for Environmental Biotechnology is a recognized leader in the field of biological treatment, bioremediation, and natural attenuation. The Center includes a world-class bioengineering laboratory and CEB investigators have extensive experience in both water treatment and bioremediation, especially co-metabolic biodegradation and the treatment of inhibitory compounds. In addition to basic research, CEB investigators have been involved in various aspects of more than 60 field demonstrations and deployments, and have 5 patents in this area that are licensed to more than 30 companies. The types of contaminants that CEB investigators have expertise with include chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, MTBE, TNT, inorganic nitrogen (NO3, NH4), tritium, Pu, Np, Cr, and U. The Biotreatment, Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation area has both basic research and field application foci for the CEB. The basic research foci are co-metabolism, biotreatability, biotransformation kinetics, and modeling of biogeochemical processes. The field application foci are co-metabolic techniques, biogeochemical assessment techniques, and modeling of attenuation and environmental fate.
Co-Metabolism. CEB scientists are recognized leaders in the field of co-metabolic pollutant transformation. Research conducted by scientists at CEB has demonstrated that co-metabolism is a dominant process for the degradation of PAHs, chlorinated solvents, and fuel oxygenates. Co-metabolic processes are difficult to study and require novel experimental approaches. One approach under development is the use of genetic probes to identify the presence of metabolic pathways implicated in co-metabolic processes. In this research, physiological responses are being linked to gene probe signatures to develop methods for identifying co-metabolic potential in environmental samples. The second approach uses a kinetic evaluation of partial transformation reactions to compare and characterize bacterial enzyme systems implicated in co-metabolism. Co-metabolic processes are competitive enzyme reactions and can be tested and modeled as such. Both these approaches are yielding unique and valuable advances in our understanding and application of co-metabolic and partial transformations.Biotreatability. CEB does a number of types of treatability tests for contaminants in soil and water, using soil columns, respirometers, bioreactors, and field respiration tests. Real-time direct biogeochemical techniques are being developed to provide the most direct possible methods to measure the rates of biodegradation and the effect stimulants and environmental conditions have on both the functional microbial components and the biogeochemistry of the environment being studied. For example, mixed waste biotreatment includes both the engineering of bioreactors for the treatment of high strength waste streams and understanding how natural attenuation or active bioremediation can be applied to mitigate the impact of the DOE weapons legacy. Past projects have examined how bacterial blooms on solvents may effect the environmental fate of actinides in the subsurface. Current studies are examining the biotreatment of tritiated solvent wastes and the transformation of uranium on bacteria surfaces. Biological processes are increasingly being recognized by DOE as important factors effecting the fate of radionuclides in the environment and are more often being considered as useful tools in the clean-up of mixed wastes and waste sites. Biotransformation Kinetics. CEB is linking engineering and microbiology in an integrated program to examine biotransformation kinetic for pollutant clean-up and microbial product formation. The kinetic program examines microbial response and activity as a function of substrate concentrations and time. The results of kinetic studies are being used in reactor design and operations analysis. Future research will focus on the application of kinetic approaches to predicting microbial population response to pollutant inputs.
Modeling. CEB currently does not have a modeling program, but is developing collaboration with a modeling groups within ESD. Modeling is targeted as an area for increased collaboration in the next three years. In particular, there is an need to link biodegradation kinetic information with subsurface fate and transport of pollutants. Modeling is also needed to further understand the control and operation of co-metabolizing biological reactors.
Field Applications
Co-Metabolic Techniques. Increasingly we are finding that contaminants can be deleterious at extremely low concentrations, eg. endocrine disrupters at parts per trillion concentrations. These concentrations of contaminants are too low to allow the contaminant to be a carbon or energy source for the microflora. Thus, a secondary carbon and energy source is needed to stimulate the microbes that are capable of degrading the contaminants of concern, since the excess enzymes produced will degrade the contaminants co-metabolically or fortuitously. CEB scientists have demonstrated the ability of methane to be injected with air into soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents and petroleum compounds and shown how this stimulation of methanotrophs can cleanup sites to non-detect levels of these contaminants. They have also shown how various other gases can be added to supplement nutrient deficiencies in both nitrogen and phosphorus, thus allowing the microbes to achieve higher biomass levels and higher rates of biodegradation of the contaminants. Current studies are focusing on chlorinated solvent contaminants at DOD and DOE sites, MTBE at commercial sites, PAHs at DOD sites and municipal solid water landfills. CEB is also focusing other nutrients and surfactants that might stimulate bioremediation of more recalcitrant and strongly sorbed contaminants.Electrokinetic treatment of soil, ground water and ex-situ treatment systems. This technology being studied in collaboration with EETD is particularly applicable to metal ion contamination, which may be removed without damage to the indigenous microorganisms. The electrokinetic treatment also provides gentle heat to soil, which is also biocompatible, and the current can also supply nutrients and even transport organisms themselves.Biogeochemical Assessment Techniques. Our ability to determine the rates of bioremediation or biodegradation in the field is quite often hampered by the need to collect samples and transport them back to the laboratory for analysis. This obviously introduces bottle effect, collection contamination, and changes the in situ conditions so that the final measurements may not reflect accurately what is going on in that environment. In order to get a truer understanding of conditions as they occur we have been studying techniques that allow direct assessment, eg. helium tracer tests, soil gas measurements, isotopic analysis of contaminants and daughter products, and immediate lipid and nucleic acid extraction from sediment and groundwater. These techniques are being applied at a number of field sites to determine their efficiency over conventional baseline laboratory analyses.
Modeling of Attenuation & Environmental Fate. Using the powerful codes developed for fate and transport by the Yucca Mt. Program (TOUGH & ITOUGH) CEB is applying kinetic information relevant to biodegradation but especially aerobic processes that have received little attention. Using the computing facilities at LBNL (NERSC) and collaborations with the Nuclear Waste Program, we are currently developing contaminant fate and transport codes that will be used to model aerobic injection into municipal solid waste landfills. These models may allow us to better control the composting type processes that are occurring and discover better parameters to monitor and characterize the process.
LBNL (EETD, ALS, CSD, LSD), UC Berkeley, Washington State University, Geokinetics, Earth Tech, North Carolina State, Utah State University, USGS, NSF, Yolo County, INEEL, ORNL, PNNL, SRTC, IconGenetics, Maxygen, Physical Optics Systems, American Home Products, DuPont Agrobusiness, UMBI, VECTOR (Russia)) International Institute for Applied Microbiology (Ukraine); Utah Water Research Laboratory at Utah State University, Sandia National Lab, Department of Genetics at Cambridge University in the Great Britain, Institute of Physics at Georgian Academy of Sciences, Brain Tumor Research Center UCSF, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology UC Davis, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering UC Irvine,; Department of Pathology at Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Physics and School of Medicine at Boston University. EETD/CEB collaborates closely with Geokinetic/EDA in Berkeley for electrochemical/electrokinetic technology. EETD also has several close collaborations with UCB Chemistry, Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Departments with CEB associated investigators.FacilitiesLab Space: 2321 ft2. Office Space: 2553 ft2.EquipmentSterilGARD II 4-foot vertical laminar-flow, biological safety cabinet (Baker)Avanti J-25 high performance centrifuge (Beckman)GS-6R tabletop centrifuge (Beckman)DU 640 UV/VIS scanning spectrophotometer (Beckman)Ultra-low temperature freezer (Revco)Axioskop RLF for DIC, phase contrast, and epifluorescence with microphotography (Carl Zeiss)Stereo microscope with microphotography (Carl Zeiss)Integrated environmental SpeedVac (Savant)MilliQ PF water purification systems (Millipore)GeneAmp PCR system 9600 (Perkin-Elmer)GeneAmp PCR system 9700 (Perkin-Elmer)RoboCycler Gradient Temperature Cycler 96 (Stratagene)Expedite 8909 DNA synthesizer (PerSeptive Biosystems)Vision Workstation BioCAD (PerSeptive Biosystems)Model 377 ABI Prism automated DNA sequencer (Perkin Elmer)TriCarb Liquid Scintillation Counter (Packard Instruments)TopCount microplate counter (Packard Instruments)CHEF DRII pulsed field electrophoresis equipment (Bio-Rad)MIDI identification system (Hewlett Packard)High sensitivity MSD mainframe for the HP 6890 GC (Hewlett Packard)Accelerated solvent extractor, model ASE 200 (DIONEX)BIOLOG microbial identification system (BIOLOG)Innova 4230 environmental shaker (New Brunswick)Innova 4900 Multi Shaker Environmental Chamber (New Brunswick)2 Landtec landfill gas analyzers2 20-liter US Filter fluidized bed bioreactorssoil gas sampling kitrespirometer3 55-gal landfill bioreactorsMark 4 Helium detector5-liter New Brunswick fermentorOther necessary support equipment and installations such as autoclaves, DI-water, refrigerators, freezers for low temperature storage of temperature sensitive materials, balances, ice-maker, shakers, incubators, magnetic stirrer, hotplates, microcentrifuges, computers, different electrophoresis boxes and power supplies, chemical fume hoods are also available.
Note: EETD investigators collaborating with CEB have several labs in the 70 area that can be utilized for CEB purposes plus labs in 62, which contain polymer synthesis and characterization activities for fuel cells, batteries, polymer LEDs and electrochromic windows. The laboratories are well equipped with chemical, thermal, rheological and electrochemical analytical equipment. CEB also possesses up to six electrokinetic lab cell systems and all appropriate power supplies and monitoring equipment. These facilities may also be applied to bioprocessing.
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Almond butter is the new peanut butter. That's a strong statement coming from a lifelong peanut butter fan, but hear me out on this one:
It's creamy, it's nutty and it's the perfect nutritious spread for fruit, bread, pretzels and more.
If you're not a fan of peanut butter, or if you're just looking for something different to spread on your sandwiches, I suggest you give almond butter a try. Why?
- Nutrition: Almond butter offers several important nutrients, such as vitamin E, potassium, iron, calcium and fiber; although nutrient content does vary by product. If you're concerned about calories, 2 tablespoons of almond butter will set you back approximately 180 calories – very similar to peanut butter.
- Taste: Do you enjoy the taste of almonds? Then you'll likely enjoy the taste of almond butter, which is simply made by grounding the nuts into a paste. (It's so incredibly easy, you can even make your own almond butter at home!)
- Ingredients: Many high-quality, natural almond butters are made with one ingredient: almonds! Others include a bit of sea salt or honey – but generally speaking, it's easy to find a healthy almond butter product made without added sweeteners and preservatives.
My favorite almond butters:
MaraNatha Creamy Almond Butter: Smooth texture, perfectly nutty taste and no stirring required! This is my go-to almond butter for sandwiches and crackers.
Justin's Natural Almond Butter – Maple: With a subtle hint of maple sugar, Justin's will really satisfy your sweet tooth. It makes the perfect addition to your morning smoothie, but you may prefer to eat it directly off the spoon. (We won't judge.)
What's your favorite spread?
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- Almased Diet Pumpkin Smoothie - July 2, 2015
- 4 Quick Energizing Beauty Tips - April 17, 2015
- Six Tips to Keep You from Getting Sick - February 13, 2015


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This gave the new ABC five months to come on air in the Midlands, the service launching on 18 February 1956. Soon afterwards, they were also up and running in the North - they went on air there for the first time on 5 May 1956. They were aided in part by the failure of the original contractor; Kelmsley-Winnick had ordered over £1 million (2008 equivelent:£18.8m) of production equipment from manufacturer Pye which they sold onto ABC at a much discounted price .
ABC's original presentation style was criticised by the ITA for being bland and too much attached to the existing ABC Cinemas brand. Taking this criticism to heart, ABC Television developed a strong corporate identity, effectively becoming the first British TV station to recognise the importance of corporate branding. Its new animated logo showed three triangles joining up to form a bigger triangle (in geometry the points of a triangle are often labelled 'A', 'B' and 'C'), accompanied by a xylophone playing 'la-te-doh' (or 'A-B-C' on the tonic scale).
Networked programmes from ABC included the drama series Police Surgeon,The Human Jungle, Redcap, The Avengers, the series of one-off plays in ABC's Armchair Theatre, the pop shows Thank Your Lucky Stars and Oh Boy!, plus the gritty dramas Callan and Public Eye (both of which continued as Thames productions after 1968).
Weekend franchises were scrapped - except in the London area - in the 1967 round of franchise renewals. ABC then looked further afield, pinning its hopes on the London weekend franchise, although they also picked the new Midlands seven-day contract as a second choice.
Within their constituency ABC operated a northern studio centre, converted from a former Capitol cinema in Didsbury, Manchester. They also had a sales office based in Television House in the centre of the city. Following the merger the site was leased to Yorkshire Television in 1969 for recording pre-launch programming whilst their own studios were being constructed and in 1970 was sold to Manchester Polytechic. The site was demolished in 1996.
In the Midlands they formed a joint venture with Midlands weekday licensee ATV to oversee the running of a production and transmission facility to be used by both. Alpha Television Limited purchased a former cinema in Aston, near Birmingham and extended it by the construction of additional studios and office space; the site was known as the Alpha Studios.
In 1968 ABC vacated the premises as a result of its move to London. Faced with high costs for converting the studios to colour production ATV opted to build new studios in the heart of Birmingham, subsequently named Alpha Tower. In 1970 they also left the site and Alpha Television went into voluntary liquidation and the site sold. In 1974 the commercial Independent Local Radio station BRMB bought the centre and converted it into a radio station, remaining there until the late 1990s. The original cinema has since been demolished but the additional office space still remains.
Thames Television in turn lost its franchise in the 1991-2 round of franchise renewals, although the company continues to exist as an independent programme producer, now a part of the FremantleMedia Group and known as talkbackTHAMES.
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The Gardens and Landscape
The park sits atop nearly five acres of landfill, creating a truly urban feel to the waterfront landscape. Over 90 varieties of trees and plant life blanket the park, from birch trees to weeping willows, from daffodils to roses.
Plant Specialists
Plant Specialists has been a major supporter of the park for over two decades, offering landscaping and horticultural expertise, as well as as generously donating a seasonal horticulturalist. Many of the trees, plant life, and gardens you'll find throughout the park have been given to the park by Plant Specialists and, in 2006, the company's owner, Grahame Hubbard, furthered its commitment to the park by helping to enhance the landscape, as well as to redefine and expand the park's Community Works Initiative Program.
Community Works Initiative Program
The CWIP offers employment and job training to local residents, primarily engaging our neighbors from nearby Astoria Houses. Participants learn basic landscaping and horticultural skills while performing grounds keeping duties and tending to the park's gardens. The program builds appreciation for the natural landscape, provides marketable skills and future employment options, and offers exposure to the park's various cultural resources that are available to them and their friends, families and neighbors. The CWIP employees gain technical skills and expertise from special workshops with Plant Specialists' staff and through the guidance of a Plant Specialists gardener.


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You are here:
You can search for current opportunities and apply on-line. If you don't find a suitable position you can register for email alerts about future positions. If you see a position which you are interested in, please apply on-line. The on-line application process will require a response to at least one application question and you will need to upload a copy of your CV.
We look forward to hearing from you.


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Youth Performing Arts School presents
Book by CHAD BEGUELIN and TIM HERLIHY
Music by MATTHEW SKLAR
Lyrics by CHAD BEGUELIN
Based on the New Line Cinema film written by TIM HERLIHY
Directed by GEORGETTE KLEIER
Entire contents are copyright © 2011 Cory Vaughn. All rights reserved.
(Ed. note: This show must be great - we have had two reviews submitted independently -- see Alonzo Richmond's "blurb" for his point of view!)
DuPont Manual High School's musical theatre program, along with those of Floyd Central and New Albany High Schools, is one of the main reasons I was inspired fairly early in my life to pursue theatre. All three programs made a huge impression on me during countless elementary and middle school field trips to student matinees. Although I think I've done pretty well by myself in my relatively young career, I sometimes regret not attending any of these schools. These young performers are off to a giant head start. I am not allowed to review productions at Floyd Central, where my sister Angela is choral director and musical director for their theatre productions, or at New Albany, where I am an occasional substitute teacher, but for the first time Friday night, I had the pleasure of reviewing a production of Manual's Youth Performing Arts School.
Let me say first of all that The Wedding Singer, which they have chosen to open their 35th season, is not a great piece of musical theatre (and given the source material, how could it possibly be?), and it seems an odd choice for the school whose acclaimed theatre program gave us the first local productions of Les Miserables and Jason Robert Brown's Thirteen, but it is a good showcase piece for the talents of director Georgette Kleier and her students, who have given it 150% and put on an occasionally funny, often cute, sometimes lagging, and consistently entertaining and high-energy production of an average show. I know instinctively that these students are working their butts off and being graded on it, and yet, it doesn't show. They genuinely seem to be having a great time, and it's their commitment and spunk that makes the show better than it probably should be.
Unless you spent the 1990s living under a rock, you undoubtedly know that The Wedding Singer, like far too many musicals on Broadway these days, is based on a movie, and that that movie starred Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore. Sandler was title character Robbie Hart, a failed rock singer whose sole livelihood comes from singing at wedding receptions, all of which seem to take place at the same multi-purpose banquet hall in a kinder-gentler New Jersey circa a 1985 that, for all I know, never really existed except as a garrulous parody of itself. When Robbie's own wedding goes down in flames (his bitchy fiancée leaves the poor schmuck stranded at the altar via a particularly charming Dear John letter), he loses his mojo, and very nearly his mind. But gradually he is coaxed out of the (at one point literal) dumps by his burgeoning friendship with sweet young caterer Julia (Barrymore) who waitresses at the same weddings where he sings, and who is engaged to a womanizing corporate shark for whom terms like "douche bag" and "yuppie scum" are too flattering. You can pretty much see where this is going.
If you've read some of my previous reviews, you know that I am not a fan of the way today's generation of Broadway producers seem determined to put every movie ever made onstage and make them sing and dance for a quick buck, but I suppose I've learned by now to live with it, and as long as this thoroughly derivative method of theatremaking contributes a few enjoyable songs and characters worth spending two hours with, then why the heck not?
The book, adapted from Tim Herlihy's screenplay by Herlihy and lyricist Chad Beguelin, does a nice job of smoothing out some of the rough edges of the characters. Robbie is much more sympathetic, sweeter, less cloying, more of an everyman, and less of a nebbish. The show requires immensely appealing leads to carry its predictable plot, and with seniors Sean Sullivan and Bailey Rose at the helm, we're in capable hands. They're adorable together, and they are backed up by a constantly moving chorus and supporting actors who manage to be engaging and funny despite their one-note (or in the case of Tyler Johnson-Campion as flamboyant backup singer George, one-joke) characters and total lack of any decent songs to sing. Kendrick Thielmeier at least has some zippy one-liners as Julia's much-more-promiscuous cousin and confidante; she also gets the lion's share of Gail Benedict's choreography, including a well-played Flashdance homage against the neon backdrop of Lamont Cowden's ubiquitous star-drop, here lit up in bright purples and greens. The vibrant 80s color palette also inspires some pretty wacky costume and wig designs by Amy Berry.
The tone for the evening was set immediately, with Manual principal Larry Wooldridge taking the stage in his absurd mullet wig to declare that opening night (November 11, 2011) as "Heavy Metal Day," and stage manager Max Abner reading a particularly witty and snarky variation on the obligatory cell-phone warning. Wooldridge was not the only faculty member to join in the onstage fun; Manual and YPAS students will recognize assistant principals Daryl Farmer and Greg Kuhn and teachers Katie Blackerby, Nichole Finley, Alexis Rich and Jason Seber in gag cameos toward the end. Now if only several of them, most notably Kuhn, were not victimized by defective body mics. But then, even the leads at times sounded overwhelmed by the seventeen-piece pit band; they sound great, but they could stand to lower the volume by a couple decibels.
The Wedding Singer's somewhat lackluster 80's-pastiche score, by lyricist Beguelin and composer Matthew Sklar, produces little hit parade material, which is ironic, considering the mid-80s soundtrack was the best thing about the film! Unlike many of my peers, however, I base my judgment of a musical theatre score not on whether I leave humming the tunes, but whether I want to hear them again. I can recall at least four original songs that fell pleasantly enough on my ear to warrant a second listen, and in the age of Mamma Mia! and countless other utterly unimaginative jukebox shows, four ain't bad. The first two songs, Robbie's "It's Your Wedding Day" and Julia's wistful "Someday," are so infectious, so giddy, that it's a little disappointing how nothing that follows really comes close. True, "Not That Kind of Thing" has a great and memorable hook, and there is also a sweet Act Two duet for our two leads entitled "If I Told You", but those who lived through the 1980s will without question recognize in those songs the influence of Van Halen's "Jump" and Journey's "Faithfully," respectively. Homage or outright plagiarism? You decide, but I can't deny I enjoyed listening to them the first, and second, and third time. And of course there are two Sandler-penned holdovers from the movie, but they were slight then and slighter now.
I say it again, it is the surprisingly professional performances of the teenage stars that make this show worthwhile. In particular, I could not be prouder to see young Sean Sullivan, who has frequently danced in the choruses of shows I have done at CenterStage, so totally nail his long-overdue star turn as Robbie, and if he achieves his goal of studying music education at Eastern Kentucky University (noted in his bio), I hope he inspires his future students to perform with the same joy and gusto that has always served him so well.
Reviewing YPAS shows is always tricky, because they are usually double-cast, and that is the case here. My review is based on the cast I was able to see, and that doesn't seem fair to those equally hard-working students who alternate in the principal roles. Perhaps, when I return to Louisville from California this weekend, I shall have to become the first critic in town to review the same show twice. Till then, both casts will be listed in the credits at the end of this article.
For you in the general public, the coming Friday and Saturday evenings are your last chance to catch The Wedding Singer, but it is my understanding that several student matinees are also planned. For you teachers and administrators concerned about the language in the movie, fear not: Kleier and company have cleaned it up nicely, and perhaps like me, one of your students will find inspiration in the accomplishments of YPAS's performing arts.
The Wedding SingerYouth Performing Arts School
1517 South Second Street
Louisville KY 40208
Website: www.ypas.org
Remaining Public Performances: November 18 and 19, 7:30pm
Tickets:General Admission: $12.00
Students (with ID): $9.00
Taylor Dant takes over the role of Robbie Hart for this weekend.
November 18th will feature Bailey Rose (Julia), Jordan Adams (Sammy), Kendrick Thielmeier (Holly), Tyler Johnson-Campion (George), Grace Theobald (Rosie), Alex Kapp (Glenn), and Ashleed Soldo (Linda)
November 19th will feature Rachel Hafell (Julia), Jordan Adams (Sammy), Kathleen Niemann (Holly), David Watkins (George), Courtney Doyle (Rosie), Tayler Lynch (Glenn), and Audrey Adams (Linda)