text:
Evaluation of the rise of big business: "Robber Barons" or "Captains of Industry"?
the crest of the wave of industrialization were men
have asked: were the early business leaders unscrupulous thieves who ruthlessly
exploited their laborers and ruined their competitors while making obscene
Or were they instead bold, innovative leaders who led the entire country to a new prosperity?
perhaps they are both. Let's look at how historians have evaluated the
activities of business elites, considering the
pros and cons of the businessmen of the Industrial Revolution.
Questionable business practices
America faced new problems and challenges with the advent of industrialization
& big business. Monopolies and
trusts were simply the business leaders' ways of dealing with business on a large
Thus were many of their activities simply based on ignorance of how this new order was working and were not intentionally deceptive
or malicious.
Even pro-business historians do not discount the facts of chicanery by early
business leaders- they are too well
documented beginning with Henry Demarest Lloyd's book Wealth
against Commonwealth (1894), a history of the Standard Oil company.
provided concrete examples of industrial espionage and dirty tricks to undercut
documented bribery of politicians for special favors
disclosed poor treatment of workers--low wages, union busting, and poor working conditions--while the corporate leaders made staggering wealth
2. Contributions to the American quality of
Pro: Despite
low wages and a managerial class violently opposed Unions, wages and standard
of living were higher in American than anywhere else at that time.
incomes rose--this is what attracted immigrants
American productivity did indeed produce a remarkable standard of living, but there was
increasing inequality between incomes and classes
The rich were prospering at a far faster rate than were the poor, which meant that the relative incomes of the lower classes (not their absolute income) was less than in other industrializing nations.
Moreover, the standard of living was much higher in many other industrializing nations.
3. Monopolies led to more efficient production, which lowered prices.
Pro: Consumer
prices consistently fell because of monopolies.
This was true to a certain extent, prices of some goods fell from 25% to 50%.
Still, this happened
across the board regardless of whether the industry monopolized or not.
A direct
connection between rise of monopolies & lowering of prices is hard to prove.
Profit margins did improve between the costs of raw materials & finished goods as well.
4. The ends justify the means - whatever brought us to the top of the economic order was acceptable
Pro: US
saw rapid economic growth with real administrative and financial genius and
the growth rate of US industry was good but was not spectacular relative
to other countries at the time (Sweden, Denmark, Canada) or
relative to other 20th century capitalist countries
The capitalists take the big risks & bring innovation to industry so they
deserve whatever they get.
These men risked a lot and should therefore reap the biggest rewards
In a
study of 43 Gilded Age capitalists only 3 invented anything connected with their
industry. Further,
monopolies reduced capital risks & many industrialists were protected by government
subsidies - i.e. like the RR's
Finally, the pace of technological development in many key industries indicates caution not risk. Old methods of productions continued on a larger scale long after they were obsolete
Example: The textile industry: more efficient ring spindles invented in 1845 but less effectual mule spindles continued on a large scale until 1900
Example: In iron & steel, the number of inefficient forges & bloomeries kept expanding after introduction of more efficient pudding & rolling methods
6. If everyone likes it, it must be ok
pro-business Republican party was well-received and popular, and most
people were content with the times because there was prosperity
Con: It was definitely true that pro- business politics were very popular with politicians and the public. Nonetheless, this was not monolithic--there was a rising tide of discontent.
The late 19th century was an era of popular protest songs that many people sang at work and around the piano at night in the parlor
There were very high levels of strike activity: 1896 - 1900 were 390 workers stoppages due to labor discontent
Whatever the
merits or problems w/ big business, Americans were ambivalent about big business
Monopolies in oil, steel tobacco, sugar, transportation, and other industries seemed to violate laws of fair competition.
Many were concerned less about consumers--i.e. a fear that monopolies led to high prices--as about limiting opportunities for other entrepreneurs
So, an anti-trust movement appeared in the 1880s & managed to get several laws passed at the state level
But most trusts operated across state lines, so federal laws were needed. This led to the:
Sherman Anti-trust Act: "Every
contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in
restraint of trade or commerce among the several states or with foreign nations
is hereby declared illegal ."
Violations were a misdemeanor
Persons found guilty could be fined or imprisoned
Corporations could be considered "persons" and trusts could be ordered dissolved
of Sherman was difficult as long as politicians were tied to business leaders
of 8 cases against corporations brought from 1890-1893, government prosecutors lost 7
Supreme Court dealt the death blow to this act in U.S.
V. Knight, 1895
The American Sugar refining company bought up 98% of the sugar refining industry
The Supreme Court declared this corporation was not doing trade or commerce; rather they were manufacturing, so the law did not apply
was not applied to another corporation until Teddy Roosevelt took on the trusts
at the turn of the 20th century
It was, however, applied to labor unions
Several court cases ruled that strikes were restraint of trade and declared them illegal
One case made it to the Supreme Court: in 1905 the Supremes ruled that the Danbury Hatters union was in violation of Sherman and ordered them disbanded.
In the end, the main reason for problems enforcing Sherman was the ideology of Laissez Faire, which we will discuss next week.


text:
EXE Password Lock can protect any executable file from non-authorized execution. It supports all PE format executable files.
EXE Password Protector is a powerful yet easy to use system utility that allows you to password-protect any Windows executable file in a few steps. This incredible program is intended for those people who share the same computer with others and want to protect sensitive applications from an unauthorized usage.
Exe Password allows you to protect any EXE-file (also in the network) with its own password. In doing so, this password is stored directly in the EXE-file.
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Kruptos 2 3.0 is a 256 bit file encryption utility to secure any sensitive file.
Kruptos 2 includes a file shredding utility, and the ability to generate self decrypting files.
Kruptos 2 integrates into Windows Explorer´s contextual menu.
Once you have selected every component of your project, you can build a self-extracting .EXE file.
CybSecureTS is an Internet Filtering, Application Blocking and Email Filtering Tool. CybSecureTS can help organizations to safeguard employee internet misuse by blocking internet access to browsers, instant messengers etc. It also works for all Win.
Akala EXE Lock can protect any executable file from non-authorized execution. It asks each time the program is loaded the password you have set.
Ashampoo Magical Security 2 is a simple but powerful data encrypter that enhances the security of your computer. Using a password provided by the user, it encodes a file or a number of files safely, saving them in your computer or allowing you to burn them to CD or DVD for backup and distribution purposes. It also includes a removal utility that completely wipes any file from your computer.
ALZip offers you a very simple and easy way to manage archive files, such as ZIP files. While the program can create archives in 8 formats – including ZIP, TAR and JAR – it can open archives in more than 40 popular formats, including RAR, 7Z, ACE, CAB, ISO, and many more. That's why ALZip can perfectly replace any major archive file manager, like WinZIP or WinRAR.
WinUtilities EXE Protector lets you protect EXE files with a security password on your own PC, and even when you copy it to a CD/DVD or another portable device, EXE files stay password-protected from others.
MiX Telematics has taken all necessary SARS requirements into consideration to make use of our Logbook easy and effective.Your are required to enter the local user name, which can be your name or anything, the password of your choice, the password hint and the Matrix Web account details
Batch file converter hides the codes of your batch files by compiling it into an EXE file. This way, no one will be able to view the code or modify it. We can set the properties of the program such as selecting the EXE Icon, "product version" and "company info", etc. There is option to password protect EXE file.
File Secret is a Unique Collection of File Base utility for Hiding, Protecting, Locking and safely destroying a File
This program can recover passwords of MS Office documents. It supports most of the Office file versions and formats including MS Access documents and VBA projects. It makes use of the computing power of the 'password server' from the developer, which improves the speed of password recovery.
Folder Password Protect is a software program that lets you set a password on folders of your choice. Folder Password Protect is ideal for notebooks. If your notebook is lost or stolen, your sensitive data will not end up in the wrong hands.
Convert BATch files to EXE format with encryption. Select EXE Icon and Version properties. Run Invisible. Use mouse input. Embed additional files. Run any program Invisible. 45+ Extended commands. Print centered text. Option to Password Protect EXE.
RAR Password Recovery Professional is a simple-to-use application developed to help you recover the lost or forgotten passwords that you've previously assigned in order to protect your RAR archive files. It's meant to help you in those situations when you can no longer access or extract the content of RAR files because you've forgotten the passwords.
Password Discovery is a tool to recover lost or forgotten passwords on almost every windows program and web site (Internet Explorer Only).Works on every windows system.When you need your password back, you need Password Discovery!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DYNO-mite engine dynamometer examples: high
horsepower docking station dyno test systems, precision research engine
dynamometers, diesel dynos, and other dynometers. For your test-cell's engine dynometer – click
dyno-mite engine
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dyno-mite bike dynamometer,
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request FREE DYNO-mite Dynamometer catalog.


text:
HHS Girls Soccer Defeats Garden City
The Hays High girls soccer team improved their record to 11-2 and 7-0 in the Western Athletic Conference with a 2-0 win at Garden City.
Alexa Brull and April Johnson both scored a goal for the Indians and Johnson also added an assist.
The Indians host McPherson on Thursday.


text:
NOVALAC ALLERNOVA is a specially designed extensively hydrolyzed formula suitable to secure an optimal growth of newborns and infants diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy.
- Allernova is an extensive casein hydrolyzed formula.
- Allernova is lactose free
- In case of CMA, the intestinal barrier may be more deteriorated leading to possible decrease of disaccharidase activity. Therefore, to avoid secondary intolerance to lactose, Novalac Allernova is lactose free.
- Lactose in infant formulae may be a source of protein contaminant to avoid this possible contamination, no lactose is used in Allernova.
- Allernova has an adapted fat content (MCT)
Allernova – Clinical proven efficiency
Safety of a new extensively hydrolysed formula in children with cow's milk protein allergy: a double blind crossover study
Suzanne WJ Terheggen-Lagro, Ilse MSL Khouw, Anne Schaafsma and Erik AK Wauters
Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands RIP 2005, Tome XXXVI ; n° 336 : 13-17
- Aim of the study:
- Double-blind cross over randomized trial to evaluate the safety of an extensively hydrolyzed casein based product for children suffering of Ig-E mediated cow's milk allergy in comparison with a widely used product, considered as safe.
- Materials&Methods:
- 1-Patients:
- 30 Children having a proven cow's milk protein allergy and presently fed with different hydrolyzed cow's milk protein based formulae.
- 2-Products:
- The tested formula was NOVALAC ALLERNOVA(ALL);Nutramigen (NUT) has been chosen as the control group in order to avoid possible distinction of the formula through organoleptic characteristics, each of the formula were mixed to amino-acid based formula, with same ratios.
- Results
- None of the 27 children completing the study showed any exacerbation of the allergic symptoms nor adverse reaction to the test formula.
- Conclusions:
- Children with persistent and proven cow's milk protein allergy did not show any adverse reaction after consumption of Allernova
- Allernova is as efficient as Nutramigen for management of CMPA
Novalac Allernova
- Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula (97% molecular weight<2000 Da)
- A clinically proven efficiency.
- Adapted fatty acid profile: Medium Chain Triglycerides (easier and faster absorbed) and Essential Fatty Acids content.
- Complies with European Union regulations.
- Suitable for continuous feeding: vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
- Better taste


text:
Updating my Yamaha DTXplorer
View Single Post
Junior Member
Join Date: Sep 2013
Posts: 3
Updating my Yamaha DTXplorer
Hello, before I start about i'd like to share some backgroud story about me and my "drumming". About 6 years ago I got Yamaha dtxplorer set from my brother because he didn't need it anymore. In these six years I have played them like 1 hour per week. I wasn't interested about them, just played when I felt like it . But in these recent 3 months I have got REALLY interested about starting playing drums more serious. I know basics and know how to play, I just wasn't never really passionated about playing drums but now I have this "I must need to go home and try to play this thing, and I want to improve". Last week I went to local music shop just to see have electronic drum changed much in these six years, I played many of those new sets and find out that they felt much better to play.
So to the real problem: I want to upgrade my yamaha set, to make it more better to play, I don't have thousands to spend on them but what I would like to improve:
-Get more cymbals, like 2 crashes and ride, now i have just 2 cymbal spots in my module.
So seems like I need to buy new module, what you recommend guys?
-New snare, I have looked
this one
what you think about this?
-Also double pedal,
this one
I know all of these are the cheapest ones, but I don't have so much money to put on drums at this moment. So tell me your opinions about what I should by and why.
English is not my native language so hopefully you understand what I mean. Thanks everyone!:)
View Public Profile
Send a private message to Lankkii
Find all posts by Lankkii


text:
Redeem Google Offers
You can see all of your saved offers in your Google Wallet.
Some offers can be redeemed using the Google Wallet app or website. Grocery store offers need to be redeemed in person using your loyalty card.
Google Wallet website
- Go to www.google.com/wallet.
- Click Offers on the left side of the page.
- To redeem the offer, follow the instructions on the offer page.
Google Wallet app
- Download the Google Wallet app on your phone or tablet:
- Open the app.
- In the top left, touch menu > Offers.
- Select the offer you want to redeem.
- To redeem the offer, follow the instructions on the offer page.
Redeem an offer linked to loyalty card
If an offer is linked to your loyalty card, the discount will automatically be applied when you use your card at checkout.
If you run into issues when trying to use a loyalty card, contact the merchant that issued the card.


text:
YIELD: Makes 4 servings
Place potatoes in a saucepan with salted water to cover. Bring to a boil and cook until tender, about 20 to 30 minutes. Drain and cool potatoes, then peel and cut into thin wedges. Meanwhile, cook green beans in a small saucepan of boiling salted water until tender but crisp, about 5 to 7 minutes. Pour into a strainer, run under cold water and then pat dry. For the salad dressing, combine garlic, mustard, basil and lemon juice in a small bowl. Whisk in oil a little at a time until well mixed, and season with salt and pepper. In a large bowl, combine chicken, potatoes, green beans, carrots, red pepper, onion, olives, capers and fresh herbs. Toss with dressing. Garnish with egg and tomato wedges. If desired, serve on lettuce-lined plates.
Nutritional analysis per serving: 309 calories, 13 g fat, 208% vitamin A, 109% vitamin C, 19% iron, 6% calcium
Nutritional analysis provided by Self


text:
Originally written on BlackSportsOnline | Last updated 1/16/13
If you look at the scoreboard for the two times the Houston Texans and New England Patriots played this season, the Patriots destroyed the Texans 83-42 combined. Handily defeating the Texans in both match-ups, I'm sure everyone has come to the conclusion that the Patriots are just better. I know I have. But, it appears not everyone feels that way. If you ask Texans corner Johnathan Joesph, the Texans are still the better team despite the results. Per CSNHouston.com: "Obviously we had the right guys in here to win 13 ballgames to get up to that point," Joseph said. "For whatever reason, we didn't advance. I still can't put that over because I think we were a better team. I think we just didn't make the plays at the right time." Asked if the lopsided margin indicates the Patriots are better, Joesph was quick to respond. "Not at all," Joseph said. "Just four or five plays. You take a few of those plays that they made and go the other way, it's a different ballgame." I have to respect a player always believing his team is the best, I feel you need that mentality to play at the highest level. But, sometimes the numbers don't lie. The Patriots dominated the Texans in every aspect.
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text:
The Nets have offered Brook Lopez a fully guaranteed maximum deal of $58 million.
Brooklyn and Lopez are discussing the fifth years.
The Nets have made this offer to prevent Lopez from seeking an offer sheet with a rival team as they are keeping hope of trading for Dwight Howard.
Marc Stein reports that both the Blazers and Bobcats are prepared to sign Lopez to a four-year maximum offer sheet.


text:
NewEnglandville | The Town of Our Dreams
Hoist a Pint with Dickens: The White Horse Country Pub & Restaurant
Our favorite pub plunks us down in Merry Olde England, courtesy of owner/renovator John Harris, a Brit who's steeped in history like an Earl Grey teabag. With 16th-century artifacts scattered about–and a bill of sale signed by Charles Dickens for 160 bottles of 1834 port mounted by the bar–this pub-slash-museum mixes memorabilia with traditional and less-likely pub fare (lobster pot pie!). The huge, welcoming hearth would make "Boz" feel right at home. 258 New Milford Turnpike (Route 202), Marble Dale, CT. 860-868-1496; whitehorsecountrypub.com
Evening Comfort
A Place to Roost: Hen of the Wood
If you think that eating (mostly) local in New England in January means turnips baked and boiled, chef Eric Warnstedt will coax you out of your stupor with duck sausage over creamy polenta, salads of shaved Brussels sprouts with apples, and a Vermont cheese plate worthy of hosannas. 92 Stowe St., Waterbury, VT. 802-244-7300; henofthewood.com
Casual Elegance: L. A. Burdick
Don't get us started: If lounging is a profession, then this is where we want to do it. Brilliant Sunday brunches that encourage you to linger with the New York Times; bowls of piping-hot chocolate, thick enough to spread; dinners where herb-crusted cod rubs elbows with a Gruyere omelet. It's so casually elegant you might think you've drifted off and woken up in Brooklyn's Williamsburg neighborhood. But no, you're right here where you belong, in the heart of a country village, with snow falling softly on the nearby town green. 47 Main St., Walpole, NH. 603-756-9058; burdickchocolate.com
Gracious Living: Inn at Weathersfield
Eating and sleeping, two of our favorite occupations–and this elegant 1792 white-clapboard inn elevates both. It regularly makes Bon Appetit's "Hot 10 Culinary Inns" list, with locally inspired cuisine such as boiled cider pie, and its 12 fresh rooms include a renovated hayloft. It's frequently named one of New England's best historic inns–or most romantic. 1342 Route 106, Perkinsville, VT. 802-263-9217; weathersfieldinn.com
Shopping Scene
A Real Super Market: Roy's Market
When the 2008 ice storm slammed through New England, Roy's weathered the conditions and the lack of electricity by keeping its doors open. For a good week, as tired customers streamed through the market, employees greeted them with flashlights and a guiding hand to help shoppers navigate the store's six aisles. Those same employees packed customers' carts and bagged their goods. They set up charge accounts for those who couldn't pay in cash, and then, as is customary here, the Roy's crew walked shoppers back out to their cars, grocery bags in hand. Unusual perhaps, but not unexpected for a small-town market that has specialized in big-time service ever since opening its doors in 1956. 20 Main St., Peterborough, NH. 603-924-3101
Treasure Hunt: Wilbur's Antiques
As far as we're concerned, the best antiques stores remind us of old locked trunks: mysterious, slightly musty, with the possibility of forgotten treasure inside. A healthy dose of clutter helps, too, and a knowledgeable guide–like Rena Wilbur, who leads you through her jam-packed kingdom of clawfoot tubs, fire hydrants, and vintage bottles with the cheerful enthusiasm of an expert tour director. Prices are reasonable; the marital advice is free. 11 Key Hill Road, Greene, ME. 207-946-5711
Anything You Need: The Willey's Store
In this age of over-specialization, it's just about impossible to find a proud generalist–which is why NewEnglandville requires a solid, family-run general store that isn't all tarted up to merely look New Englandy. With a traditional meat counter plus bread, cheese, local produce, rugged clothing, cast-iron bakeware, an epic candy aisle, lawnmowers, wine, hunting and fishing supplies, gas pumps, bulletin boards, and more … In other words, it's the heart of a small town, the place where folks meet up over a bucket of washer nuts, and reason enough to keep Walmart at bay. 7 Breezy Ave., Greensboro, VT. 802-533-2621 (grocery), 802-533-2554 (hardware); ww3.truevalue.com/willeys/Home.aspx
Come Together: The Alternative Food Co-op
Whoosh, there goes Brendan, the roller-skating cashier, right at home in a co-op that's been around since 1970, when even Bob Dylan was fresh. Friendly manager Rosemary sets the welcoming tone in this little brick storefront, one of New England's oldest co-ops, and a fine example of how we all come together over food. 357 Main St., Wakefield, RI. 401-789-2240; alternativefoodcoop.com


text:
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We invite you to create a password-protected account that will allow you to quickly reference and manage your information/preferences. We respect your right to privacy and consider it our responsibility to safeguard any information you provide. Your information will not be shared. Creating an account is easy. Simply click the button below and complete the form.
Dimensions and weights listed are approximate. Please refer to the price list for specific information. Also, colors, textures and repeats (if applicable) shown may not be a true representation due to monitor calibration differences and space limitations. Please order a fabric/finish sample for a representation of the finished piece.
Versatile ValueLite folding tables let you respond to shifting needs. You can set up for the science fair one evening and a committee meeting the next. All the features you want and the ease of handling you need. ValueLite folding tables make set up and tear down a breeze for school events, meetings and more. ValueLite tops have UV inhibitors to prevent fading. Its lightweight construction makes these folding tables easy to carry. Rounded edges make them easier to handle. And, ValueLite folding tables stack easily and store flat, because the seam-welded tubular steel legs fold within the frame. Designed to withstand years of rugged use, ValueLite folding tables offer blowmolded construction with high-impact polyethylene tops, impact resistant corners and heavy-duty steel frames. Tables are backed with a 10-year warranty. Rectangular tables are offered in a range of sizes and come as standard or bi-fold. Bi-fold tables are sturdy while in use and collapse efficiently for easy moving and carrying. Smaller rectangular tables satisfy a wide range of applications, and square tables are a sturdy solution for a multitude of tasks. Round tables are offered in three standard sizes and are perfectly suited for cafeterias, cafés or small group assembly. ValueLite folding chairs offer a perfect visual complement to the ValueLite table collection.


text:
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Cobra Commander Review
Cobra Commander
G.I. Joe - Rise of Cobra (Hasbro) - Collection 1 - Wave 2
Gijoe is something I managed to get into when a few years ago at my local toys r us I saw some gijoe figures.The first 2 figures I bought were dr mindbender and beachhead.I got a lot of the two packs that year 2004 or 2003.Then they stopped selling them.Soon after I saw the 25th ann line on the innternet I wanted some of them ut didn't get any.We (me and my familly went on hliday to america there I got some 25th figures)We went again in 2008 and I got even more I felt happy with my collection.But now they have brought brand new figures out for the movie in the uk oh and the movie is great its something new and original anyway I'm going to review the big bad boss snake cobra commander!!!
Now this figure isnt really the original cc we all know and love but so what I really liked this version he seemed so evil yet so tragic.He looks very differnt he has a clearish mask with a red (scared burnt)face I mean you can't really tell what he looks like but I really like this look it works well.He has silver body amour with ver good details and a blue and black coat he looks nothing like the original but soo what???? he looks bloody cool.He comes with a syringe which I'm not sure if he uses it but its ovisouly the nanomites in it he comes with a scanner which he does use but as rex yes they are the same prson if you didn't know by now.He also comes with a cobra which appears in a tank has his little pet the classic hair drier gun but silver and a massive missile launcher which is a liile like his syringe but a lot bigger.And no just cos he comes with a syringe doesn't make him a drug addict.Overall this a great figure and they didn't f**k him up at all they gave the character a new moderized egde.So give the new film a chance and the characters and go see the film trust me it is brilliant.So give this a chance and buy it now!!!
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text:
Check out more
AIR camera imagesand video clips
A Utah Corporation
founded in 1999 to provide advanced, cost effective infrared
and visible sensor systems.
Contact & Purchasing Information
Updated: 05/11/2010
- Affordable Infrared - In
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and designed for radiation environment. [more
Configurable modular uncooled
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designed to support DRS U3000, U4000, U6000 and U7000
detectors. [more info]


text:
Mid-Valley Campus
400 N. Border
Weslaco, TX 78596
STC's Mid-Valley Campus opened its doors in fall 2000 to bring higher education opportunities closer to home for the citizens of the area. The 46.5 acre campus has several state-of-the art facilities, including two large academic buildings, a library, Student Success Center, Student Services Building, Workforce Center and event pavilion.
The campus is located in Weslaco, which is the heart of the Rio Grande Valley.
It is home to more than 3,400 students.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
Mark replied to the vox-announce most from a few days back, but apparently
his e-mail address isn't subscribed to 'vox', so I'm fwd'ing it here for him.
Date: Fri, 29 Oct 2004 15:41:57 -0700
From: "Mark Liechty" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Subject: [vox-announce] LUGOD in search of sponsorship
To: "'LUGOD's general discussion mailing list'" <email@example.com>
> We have composed a letter which we'll soon be sending to local
> businesses, and have created a web page with similar content here:
> http://www.lugod.org/help/
I know it may be considered "counter productive" but there have been several
presentations that could easily be turned into fund-raisers.
For starters the TiVo and Wireless talks come to mind. I'm not sure how
this would work out and since I am the "customer" side of the equation you
still need to find someone to provide the "service" but in both of these
cases I (and probably a few others) would much rather do business with the
user group and it's members than go elsewhere.
I don't think it goes against the mission of the User group since the
discussion is still based on doing it yourself. We would simply be offering
an option for those who either don't have the time (me) or have other
I know that we did this kind of thing with training at user groups in the
city and it worked out well. We also had presenters pay for the right to
speak to the group but since most of the meetings I attend are with other
members who are presenting that is not going to work. This is why I'm
pressing for some level of "services for sale" option.
Disclaimer: If this is a bad idea then it is my first mistake of the year.
Was hoping to save it up in case my wife did not like her Christmas present
but if I need to spend it now then so be it...
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I have always been fascinated with the period of history that focuses around the Second World War. Thus, it seemed only fitting that I chose the Soviet Union's role in World War II. I have divided this paper into several sections to help complete this task. The first section will deal with the fundamental, underlying causes of the war and how they relate to or involve the Soviet Union. The next section will deal with the immediate causes of World War II and the Soviet Union's role in them. The third section will deal with the battles the Soviet Union was involved in during the war, excluding the Battle of Stalingrad. That will be covered in the fourth section of the paper. The fifth section will deal with the Soviet Union's role in ending the war in Europe and its brief role in the war with Japan. The final section will discuss the Soviet Union's role in the peace talks at the end of the war. I will conclude with my paper with facts such as the total amount of casualties in the Soviet Union and a few concluding remarks.
Underlying Causes of WWII
This first section is going to deal with the fundamental, underlying causes of the Second World War and the Soviet Union's role in them. There are four of these of fundamental, underlying causes of the War and they are similar to those of the First World War. These causes are nationalism, imperialism, the formation of alliance systems, and the arms, naval, and air races. I will deal with each of these causes individually.
The first underlying cause of World War II is nationalism. Although not as much a factor as in the First World War, it is still very important to understanding why the war occurred. First, there is the case of Hitler and Nazi Germany. Hitler used nationalism as his rational for Germany's annexation of Austria and for demanding the return of the Sudetenland to Germany from Czechoslovakia and, finally, for invading the Polish corridor. Nationalism was also thriving within the Soviet Union at this time. Nationalism was especially strong in the Ukraine. The Ukrainians were especially hateful of Stalinism. In fact, they welcomed the German invasion in 1940. If only they knew about the horrors the Germans would bring to the Jewish population of the Ukraine.
The second underlying cause of the Second World War is imperialism. This is very closely related to nationalism as it is extreme nationalism that causes nations to develop imperialistic attitudes. Let us begin with Germany once again. Hitler not only had a vision of uniting all of the German peoples under one government, but he also had a vision of total domination of Europe and possibly, the whole world. These views are very good examples of extreme nationalism and imperialism. Japan also had imperialistic views during this time period. The Japanese wanted to be masters of Eastern Asia and the Pacific and they also wanted the Europeans to leave the region, which can be seen as a nationalistic view. The Japanese began their imperialistic march and the war when they invaded Manchuria in 1931. So how does the Soviet Union fit into all of this? The imperialistic views of Germany and Japan were a great threat to the Soviet Union. Germany's desire for more land to the east was of great concern to the Soviet Union as well as Japan's invasion of Manchuria, since that put the Japanese in direct contact with the Soviets.
The third underlying cause of World War II was the formation of alliance systems. Alliance systems were very crucial to the coming of the First World War; however, they played a much lesser role in the coming of the Second World War. In 1936, Germany and Italy signed the Anti-Comintern Pact and they were joined by Japan in 1937. This was a pact against a communism and the nations that signed it later became known as the Axis Powers. This pact was obviously a direct attack on the Soviet Union and gave the Soviets good reason for concern as they were caught in between the Germans and the Japanese. However, the Soviet Union was not sitting idly by during this time. On May 2, 1935, the Soviet Union signed an agreement with France. This was a big risk on the part of the Soviet Union as there was a strong proto-fascist group in France at the time. The Soviet Union also made a similar arrangement with Czechoslovakia. France already had a treaty with Czechoslovakia, which meant that the Soviet Union would only come to the aid of Czechoslovakia if France did so first. This agreement with France became irrelevant when Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact in August 1939. In addition to the policy of non-aggression the two nations secretly agreed to divide up Poland and the Baltic nations. The Secret Protocol stated that the Soviet Union would get Estonia, Latvia, and Besurabia. According to the protocol Germany would get Lithuania. It is quite obvious that Hitler and Stalin were buying time with this pact, especially when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. The Soviet then joined the war on the side of the Allies which consisted of Britain, France, and later the United States.
The fourth and final underlying cause of the Second World War were the arms, naval, and air races. Together these races played a key role in the coming of World War II, as they did with the First World War(minus the air race). Obviously Germany held either the first or second place in all three of these races, Germany especially had the upper hand in the air race with its great Luftwaffe.
Immediate Causes of WWII
Once the underlying causes were in place, they only needed a few small "sparks" to "get the fire burning." These "sparks" were the immediate causes of the Second World War. These causes include(but are not limited to) the Spanish Civil War, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the German remilitarization of the Rhine, the anschluss of Austria, the invasion and annexation of Czechoslovakia, and the one "officially" that started the war, the invasion of Poland. I would now like to look at these events more closely. Although the Soviet Union was not directly involved with any of the causes(except the Spanish Civil War), most of the causes still had an impact on them.
The first immediate cause of World War II was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Some historians consider this as the official start of the war. Japan wanted the rich mineral resources found in Manchuria to help support their booming industrialized economy. This was of great concern to the Soviets because this put the Japanese right at their "back door." Although for a while, nothing happened between these two nations. When the Japanese invaded Manchuria, they also took Korea.
The second immediate cause of the Second World War was the Spanish Civil War. This was a war of the extremes, fascism versus communism. Although no nation "officially" entered the war, several nations threw their support to one side or the other. Italy and Germany supported the fascists. Their air forces used the war for target practice. They bombed and leveled several Spanish towns and villages. France, England, and the United States supported the communists, who they considered the "good guys" in this case. Stalin saw the war as an opportunity to enhance his power. He sent a token army to Spain and gave limited assistance to the loyalists. However, in the end Franco and the fascists won out in Spain.
The final causes all have to do with Germany, so I will look at them as a group. These four causes are known as the four gauntlets thrown down by Hitler for England and France. He wanted to see what they would do and/or how they would react. The first gauntlet was the remilitarization of the Rhineland. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 had declared that the area known as the Rhineland to be a military-free zone, but in 1936, Hitler moved his armies into the Rhineland. France and England did nothing, as they are pursuing a policy of appeasement. This means that they tried to appease Hitler by giving him what he wanted and hoped that he would stop there. Hitler always said that if France and England had tried to stop him, they probably would have succeeded. The second gauntlet concerned Czechoslovakia. Hitler wanted the area known as the Sudetenland, which was populated mostly by Germans. Again, France and England tried to appease Hitler and in the Munich Pact, Hitler got what he wanted. Hitler then took the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and France and England did nothing. Also, because France did not come to the aid of Czechoslovakia, neither did the Soviet Union. The third gauntlet thrown down by Hitler was the anschluss of Austria. Can you guess what France and England did? If you said nothing, you're absolutely right. However, when Hitler threw down his fourth gauntlet, invading the Polish corridor in 1939, France and England did do something. Hitler used his blitzkrieg, or lightning warfare, for the first time in Poland. The blitzkrieg consisted of three parts or stages. The first stage consisted of saturation bombing carried out by the Luftwaffe. This was intended to demoralize the enemy. The second stage consisted of armor plated tanks rolling across the countryside, crushing any further resistance. The third stage consisted of the Germany infantry involved in "mopping up" actions. Although Poland held out longer than anyone thought she would, she eventually fell to the Germans. World War II officially began in September 1939 when France and England declared war on Germany.
The Early Stages of WWII, 1939-1943
This section will deal with the early stages of the war, from 1939 to 1943. The battles covered in this section include the Finnish War, the initial invasion by Germany in 1941, the Battle of Kiev, the siege of Leningrad and Moscow, and the Battle at Kursk. With the exceptions of the Finnish War and the Battle at Kursk, all were Soviet losses(excluding the sieges). I am going to start out by discussing some of the diplomatic action going at this time.
On September 17, 1939, the Soviet Union enters Poland from the east. It is at this point that the pact from August is revised. In the revised pact Germany received additional territory in Poland and the Soviet Union got Lithuania. The Soviet Union also agree to provide Germany with resources and supplies for their war effort. In November 1940, Molotov went to Berlin to meet with Hitler. Hitler suggested that the Soviets should begin to move towards the Indian Ocean. It was obvious that Hitler was trying to get the Red Army out of Russia. When Molotov asked Hitler what his true intentions were, he got no response. This was clearly the beginning of the end of the German-Soviet relations. However, it seemed that relations with Japan were improving. In April 1941, a non-aggression pact was signed between Japan and the Soviet Union. This pact gave the Japanese some leeway as well as Stalin. However, he chose to keep several divisions of the Red Army in the Far East, this would come back to haunt the Soviets in the upcoming months.
Now, I am going start discussing some of the battles during the early stages of World War II. The first real action the Red Army saw in the war was during the Finnish War, which lasted from November 1939 until March 1940. This proved to be a very costly war for the Soviets. The Finns put up a pretty good fight, while the Red Army was decimated from the purges of the late 1930's. However, in March of 1940, the Soviet Union was triumphant and the Finland was defeated. Despite having an advantage in terms of sheer numbers, casualties were high. "Soviet soldiers fought stubbornly but took exceptional casualties, a total of 126,875 dead in four months. Their frozen corpses lay in grotesque heaps were they fell" (Overy, p. 56). The Finnish War showed the world how offensively incapable the Red Army was.
The next key event in the war was the German invasion of the Soviet Union. On the morning of June 22, 1941, 150 German divisions invaded along a front that stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Winston Churchill claims in one of his books to have warned Stalin on three occasions when the invasion was going to occur, although only one time has been proven. The Germans drove in virtually non-stop and the Soviets suffered incredible losses. By the end of the year they had lost more than a quarter of their fighting forces. "Between June and December the Red Army lost 2,663,000 killed in action, 3,350,000 taken prisoner. For every German soldier killed, twenty Soviet soldiers died" (Overy, p. 117). There are four reasons why the Soviets took such heavy losses. The first reason is because Stalin had not allowed any defenses to be set up to counter the German offensive. The theory is that Stalin believed that extensive defenses would antagonize Hitler. The second reason that the Soviet Union suffered such heavy losses is because the Red Army performed poorly because of the purges. The purges had deprived the Red Army of its leadership. Fourteen out of sixteen army commanders, sixty out of sixty-seven core commanders, one hundred and thirty-six out of a hundred and ninety-nine division commanders and all eleven commissaires of defense were purged from 1936 to 1938. The third reason that the Soviet Union suffered such heavy losses during the initial German invasion was because Stalin had demanded a reorganization of the Red Army after the Finnish War. The Red Army had not had a chance to adjust to these changes before the invasion. The fourth and final reason is because Stalin demanded that territory should be held at all costs. It is estimated that in September of 1941, 800,000 Red Army troops were encircled and captured at Kiev.
The next key battles for the Soviet Union in the early stages of World War II were the sieges at Leningrad and Moscow. The siege of Leningrad lasted for over a thousand days from September 1941 until mid-1944. The siege of Moscow did not last quite as long and the people of Moscow did not suffer as much as the people of Leningrad. They could still get food and supplies from the east in Moscow, Leningrad could not. As a result, there were some reported instances of cannibalism in Leningrad. It is quite obvious that Stalin could have lifted the siege on Leningrad but chose not to, why? One reason could be that Stalin did not like Leningrad that much, both because that was where Sergei Kirov was from and because of the name. Another reason could be that Stalin wasn't in Leningrad, he was in Moscow and thus didn't feel the need to lift the siege.
The final key battle of the early stages of the Second World War occurred shortly after the turning point at the Battle of Stalingrad. This key battle was the Battle at Kursk and it resulted in a major victory for the Soviet Union. The battle took place in July 1943 and coincided with the Allied invasion of Sicily. The Battle at Kursk was the greatest tank engagement the history of the world. The German tanks were inferior to the Russian tanks and German morale was lower than that of the Soviets, who had just experienced a great victory at Stalingrad in the spring of 1943. This was the first battle in the major push to remove the Germans from the Soviet Union. Another big victory for the Red Army occurred in November when they recaptured Kiev. Even better the victory at Kursk only cost 70,000 Soviet soldiers their lives.
The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-43
During World War II there were three major turning point battles. The first was the Battle of Britain, which was an air battle that occurred during the summer of 1940. The second turning point battle was the Battle of Midway, which was a naval battle between the Americans and the Japanese and took place in 1942. The third turning point battle was a land battle, the Battle of Stalingrad from 1942 to 1943. All three can be considered great Allied victories, but I am only concerned with the Battle of Stalingrad, as that is the only one of the three the Soviets were involved in.
The Battle of Stalingrad is an interesting battle indeed. In addition, to being one of the three major turning points in the war, the battle is also important because the armies were directed by Hitler and Stalin. Both commanders told their armies that there was to be no surrender. Stalingrad (name later changed to Volgograd in 1953) was an important target because it was the third largest city in the Soviet Union and the second most important communications center.
Things happened at the Battle of Stalingrad that did not happen anywhere else. After the battle was over, there was not a single intact building left in the city of Stalingrad. This was also the first battle where a German officer surrendered. The Soviets agreed to the terms of the surrender with his staff, because Paulus was to weak and sick to do so himself. Paulus's surrender enraged Hitler because he had just promoted Paulus to Field Marshall the day before. After the terrible loss at Stalingrad, the Germans began the slow, painful retreat back to Germany.
The Battle of Stalingrad can be broken down into two phases. The first phase, which lasted from September until November 1942, consisted of the German blitzkrieg, which had been fairly successful up to this point. While the saturation bombing by the Luftwaffe was still fairly effective, the Germans could not use their tanks at Stalingrad. The streets of Stalingrad were too narrow for their tanks and they could not use them. The second phase, which lasted from November 1942 until February 1943, consisted of hand-to-hand combat. The Germans did not fair very well at this either because the Red Army was more experienced in hand-to-hand combat. By the spring of 1943, Stalingrad had fallen to the Red Army. This victory was very costly for the Soviets, with half a million lives lost (not to mention that the city itself was completely destroyed). However, as Overy writes "for the first time German losses were also catastrophic: 147,000 dead and 91,000 taken prisoner" (Overy, p. 185).
Ending the War, 1943-1945
After the Battle of Stalingrad and several other battles in 1943, it was quite clear that the tide of victory was turning towards the Allies. However, there was still a long way to go with almost two full years left of war before the Germans actually surrendered. This section of the paper is going to deal with the Soviet Union's role in ending the war in Europe. The topics covered in this section will include the opening of a second front, the Partisan movement, the invasion of Berlin, the war in the Far East, and the treason of Andrei Vaslov.
It was quite obvious that a second front needed to be opened in Europe to alleviate some of the pressure on the Soviet Union. Churchill insisted that the second front should be opened in southern Europe. There are two reasons why he might have wanted to do this. The first reason was that he might have been trying to redeem himself for an incident during World War I in the Crimea. A second reason for opening a front in southern Europe would be that it would cut off the Soviet Union and the advancing Red Army. However, Franklin D. Roosevelt had a different idea, he wanted to open the second front in the west, in France. Stalin claimed that Churchill and Roosevelt were dragging their heels, resulting in greater destruction in the Soviet Union. Roosevelt finally won out, and a second front was opened in France on June 6, 1944.
With the opening of a second front, the complete turnaround in the tide of victory was concluded. The Allies began to experience many victories beginning in 1943. The Soviets were equally successful during this period. The siege of Leningrad was lifted in January 1944, the Crimea is retaken in May 1944, and finally, Soviet troops entered Poland in January 1944. Once in Poland, the Red Army had to deal with the Partisan movement. The Partisans were a group of civilians who formed their own underground army which was headquartered in Warsaw. They gave the Red Army quite a hard time during the Battle of Warsaw. The Partisans became more numerous at the end of the war. The Ukraine was another area where the Partisans played a major part. The Partisans there were divided between pro-Hitler and pro-Stalin.
By the end of April 1945, the Allies had reached Berlin. The Red Army got there first and had the city encircled by April 25, 1945. The Americans and Soviets met for the first time on the Elbe River. There they tried to decide who should be the first to enter Berlin. It was decided that the Soviets should go first because they had suffered the most during the war. Later, the other Allies would begin to reconsider this decision. Regardless, on May 2, 1945, the Red Army marched into the city of Berlin. By this time Hitler is gone, believed to have committed suicide on April 30.
As I mentioned at the beginning of the paper, the Soviets did not play much of a role in the Far East. However, I also mentioned that there were several divisions of the Red Army stationed near Vladivostok. Two days after the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. They then began moving their troops into Manchuria and began confiscating machinery (mostly agricultural) and other resources to help their own economy. However, the Soviet Union never really played an active role in the war with Japan.
The final topic I want to deal with in this section is the treason of Andrei Vaslov. Vaslov was a commander in the Red Army who was captured in 1942 by the Germans. It is clear that he then gave evidence that he might be willing to form an army of Russians to fight on the side of the Germans. Hitler ultimately gave Vlasov permission to form such an army, but delayed for two years. When Vlasov finally formed his army in November 1942, it consisted of two divisons. He was then captured by the Americans and after much discussion was finally turned over to the Soviets. Vlasov was then tried and executed in 1946(?).
Peace Talks
There were several meetings during the war to discuss the terms of peace at the end of the war. One example of such a meeting, is the meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill in the winter of 1940-41. There they discussed several things, one of which was the formation of a United Nations after the war ended. However, there are only three conferences I am going to discuss in this paper. These meetings were held at Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam and were meetings between the Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) with the exception of Potsdam, which only Stalin attended.
The meeting at Teheran happened in 1943 and it was the first meeting between the Big Three. At Teheran, the Allies agreed upon the opening of a second front and they agreed to let the Soviet Union keep all the Polish territory it could acquire. The most important of the three meetings occurred at Yalta in February 1945. Here it was insisted that the Soviet Union would take part in the invasion of Japan in exchange for several concessions made to the Soviets. It was also agreed that the Allies would only accept unconditional. Potsdam was much different than the others, as Roosevelt was replaced by Truman and Churchill was replaced by Atley. Stalin used this change in leadership to get more concessions for the Soviet. The meeting at Potsdam in June 1945 played a large part in starting the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Second World War had many ramifications for the Soviet Union as well as the rest of the world. During the war, Stalinism was put on hold and the Soviet people could lead somewhat normal lives. However, the Soviet people suffered terribly during the war. Overy writes "Stalin's empire was won with reservoirs of Soviet blood. Soviet forces alone had casualties of over 29 million" (Overy, p. 287). There is no precise figure for the number of civilian deaths, only estimates which number in tens of thousands. Regardless the numbers, it is quite obvious that the Soviets suffered terribly during the war and the rest of the world would find out the consequences in the years to come.
Bialer, Seweryn. Stalin and His Generals: Soviet Military Memoirs of World War II. Western Publishing Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1969.
Ehrenburg, Ilya. The War: 1941-1945. The World Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1964.
Emmens, Robert G. Guests of the Kremlin. The MacMillan Company, New York, New York, 1949.
Fugate, Bryan I. Operation Barbarossa: Strategy and Tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941. Presidio Press, Novato, California, 1984.
Kozhevnikov, M. N. The Command and Staff of the Soviet Army Air Force in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. All-Union Copyright Agency of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, 1977.
Overy, Richard. Russia's War. Penguin Books Ltd, New York, New York, 1997.
Staff of Strategy and Tactics Magazine. War in the East: The Russo-German Conflict, 1941-45. Simulations and Publications, Inc., New York, New York, 1977.
Stalin, Joseph. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. Greenwood Press, New York, New York, 1945.


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Saint Waltram
Brother of Saint Lantfrid and Saint Elilantus. With them he founded the monastery of Benediktbeuren in Bavaria, Germany, and served as its abbot.
- c.770
- Book of Saints, by the Monks of Ramsgate
- Heiligen 3s
- Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints
- "Saint Waltram". CatholicSaints.Info. 3 July 2009. Web. 8 July 2015. <>


text:
Strawberry Pork Chops
¼ cup strawberry preserves
1-½ Tbsp. minced garlic
1 Tbsp. Tamari sauce (gluten free)
1 Tbsp. horseradish
4 Blue Ribbon Foods Pork Chops 6 oz.
¼ Tbsp. olive oil
1 pinch cayenne pepper
1. In a small saucepan, combine the strawberry preserves, minced garlic, Tamari sauce and horseradish. Cook over low heat, stirring frequently until heated through.
2. Coat a medium skillet with olive oil. Lightly sprinkle both sides of each pork chop with cayenne pepper. Cook the chops until browned on each side, and then continue to cook over medium heat until no longer pink.
3. Serve chops with sauce poured over the top.
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Originally written on Fox Soccer | Last updated 4/22/13
Sir Alex Ferguson hopes that Mexican striker Javier Hernandez is feeling like he is contributing at Manchester United . The 24-year-old has started just seven league games this season, scoring eight goals - although he has started a further 13 matches in other competitions which have resulted in another eight goals. And Ferguson is hopeful that Hernandez is happy at the club - despite his lack of league action. "I hope he [Hernandez] feels he has made a contribution because we all feel he has done that," Ferguson is quoted by the Daily Telegraph. "He has scored me 16 goals this season, his enthusiasm is always there and there is no reason to think that this isn't the place for him."
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Glory Science Co.,Ltd. have lab facilities in China, Hongkong, and have office in USA specialized in developing food safety, drug of abuse ,infectiouse abuse,fertility, saliva hiv test, saliva alcohol test,tumor marker test immuno-colloidal gold chromatographic test strips, Aflatoxin AFB1 Elisa kit, Human B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma2(BCL2)ELISA Kit, concentrated on researching of monoclonal antibodies, antigens synthesis and immunoassay. It has extended the products to more than 20 countries world wide, and has established business relationship with overseas enterprises, as well as established mutual benefit relationship with the partners.
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TWUs School of Management offers both graduate and undergraduate programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs. The programs are designed to benefit graduates in the following ways:
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Teplice moved top of the Gambrinus Liga with a 3-0 win over Pribram.
Jakub Mares scored either side of half-time and Pavel Verbir completed the scoring on 83 minutes for the visitors.
Elsewhere, Banik Ostrava sit third in the table after a 1-0 home win over Liberec, Tomas Micola grabbing the only goal after 55 minutes.
Sparta Prague were held to a 1-1 draw at home to Ceske Budejovice, Bony Wilfried's early strike cancelled out by Hudson's 79th-minute equaliser.


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THE next time a Katrina-like hurricane strikes, it could be the Big Apple, not the Big Easy, that finds itself underwater. The New York area hasn't experienced a hurricane since 1985, and Manhattan a direct hit since the 1800s. Yet forecasters say because we're midway through a roughly 25-year cycle of warm waters in the Atlantic Ocean, conditions are ripe for a major hurricane to hit the north-east coast of the US within the next few years.
"The east coast, and the north-east in particular, is overdue for a hurricane statistically," says Michael Wyllie, meteorologist in charge at the National Weather Service in Upton, New York. "Since we haven't had [a hurricane in New York] for a while, [the population] has become complacent. They don't believe that something like that can happen here."
When hurricanes strike, the low pressure and high winds drive a dome of water, called a storm ...
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Linari: The musicians choice. This room has a magical light with a fabulous view of the antique castle of Linari from one window and the woods that surround Il Paretaio from the other.
Maneggio (Arena): It is a small single room but very practical. Our guests that travel alone often request this room as there is no single supplement to pay. It is called the arena because from the window you could see all that happened in the arena before the trees grew so tall that they blocked the view. However they offer a wonderful sense of nature.
Pozzo (Well): A room with an ancient rigour. It is very popular in the summer as it is one of the coolest rooms in the house, and from one of the windows you can pick figs! The terracotta tiles are the original flooring from the beginning of the 1800's.


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The Ohio Department Education approved three new e-schools for the 2013-14 school year.
The three schools are Mosaica Online Academy of Ohio, Provost Academy of Ohio and Insight School of Ohio.
Prior to the new additions, there were 23 e-schools serving approximately 40,000 students.
A total of seven schools applied and went through the e-School application process designed to determine an applicant's eligibility and capacity to develop and operate a high quality e-school. The Superintendent of Public Instruction may approve up to five applications for new e-schools to open for the 2013-14 school-year.
Decisions regarding approval and disapproval are based on an applicant's scores on measures of experience and quality per Section 3314.013 of the Ohio Revised Code. Each applicant was rated based on the experience of the applicant's sponsor and operator as well as the academic performance of the sponsors' and operators' other schools. In addition to their rating, information pertaining to the sponsors' and the operators' experience in terms of statutory compliance was considered by the Superintendent of Public Instruction in making final decisions.


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That prompted me to look back to my old postings on market cap, and this:
Monday, March 27, 2006
Stock Market Capitalisation - A Reality Show
Finding Your Space In The World
Sometimes when we talk about financial markets, we miss the bigger picture of how things are. One could be the minister of finance or a big hedge fund trader or a big shot analyst... in various countries in Asia or Australia for that matter, we tend to get lost and self absorbed in our own world, exaggerating our importance. Many Asian investors and management often wonder why foreign investing institutions or foreign investors do not buy more shares of Asian companies. Some government authorities try their darndest to drum up interest among the foreigners. Maybe if we look at comparative market capitalsations, we will get a better picture.
Market capitalisation is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding common shares of the firm and the current price of those shares. The term capitalisation is sometimes used as a synonym of market capitalisation; more often, it denotes the total amount of funds used to finance a firm's balance sheet and is calculated as market capitalisation plus debt (book or market value) plus preferred stock. Below are the approximate total market cap of the "domestic listed companies only" on the respective exchanges as at end-2005 (or figures as close to end-2005):
NYSE US$13.3 trillion
Nasdaq US$3.6 trillion
Tokyo Stock Exchange US$4.6 trillion
London Stock Exchange US$3.1 trillion
Euronext US$2.7 trillion
Deutsche Bourse US$1.2 trillion
In Asia-Pacific, the HKSE's figure was US$1.05 trillion. The Jakarta Stock Exchange has a paltry figure of US$50 billion. The Singapore Exchange at US$203 billion. The Taiwan Stock Exchange at US$480 billion. The Bombay SE comes in at US$592 billion. The KLSE at US$190 billion. The Thailand SE at US$142 billion.
The 10 largest US companies listed on NYSE according to market cap:
1) Exxon Mobil US$365 billion
2) General Electric US$347 billion
3) Citigroup US$230 billion
4) Bank of America US$212 billion
5) Procter & Gamble US$197 billion
6) Pfizer US$193 billion
7) Wal-Mart US$188 billion
8) Johnson & Johnson US$179 billion
9) AIG US$170 billion
10) Altria US$150 billion
Bearing in mind, I didn't even venture to include some of the big companies on other exchanges such as Microsoft US$279 billion, BP Plc US$236 billion, Royal Dutch Shell US$206 billion, HSBC US$190 billion, Petro China US$182 billion, Toyota US$174 billion, etc..
Just looking at the exchanges value and market cap of some of the biggest companies, theoretically speaking the ENTIRE KLSE is only as big as HSBC!!! Which means HSBC can basically own all the one thousand over companies listed on KLSE in exchange of their shares!
Either Citigroup or Bank of America could do the same for all the domestic companies listed on Singapore Stock Exchange. When just ONE company can account for your entire country's exchange market capitalisation - that's a reality check. That should give us a better sense of where we are in the economic world. I mean the CEO would almost be able to proclaim himself/herself as KING/QUEEN of the country - if I "control" all the companies on the Singapore Stock Exchange, that is a pretty powerful position, even PAP would have to give way man!!!
This game is quite fun, say Exxon mobil could just borrow a little bit more and then it could take over all the companies listed on Taiwan Exchange. General Electric should do this, it could buy out all the companies on KLSE and Thailand Stock Exchange in exchange for GE shares. instead of running GE from a tiny building, you could run companies over two decent sized countries, with lots of island resorts to boot.
That posting was way back in 2006. You can play around with market caps as many single stocks are larger than the entire market cap of a single exchange. That wasn't my main point, the funny thing was the list of ten biggest US companies in 2006:
1) Exxon Mobil US$365 billion
2) General Electric US$347 billion (US$165bn now or 47% of what it was in 2006)
3) Citigroup US$230 billion (US$79.34bn now or 34% of what it was in 2006)
4) Bank of America US$212 billion (US$130bn or 61% of what it was, not too bad considering all that has transpired)
5) Procter & Gamble US$197 billion
6) Pfizer US$193 billion
7) Wal-Mart US$188 billion
8) Johnson & Johnson US$179 billion
9) AIG US$170 billion (gulp, its US$4bn now, meaning it has lost 97.7% of its value)
10) Altria US$150 billion
Have a look at the biggest companies now (in USDbn):
|Exxon Mobil
|Wal-Mart Stores
|Google Inc.
|Procter & Gamble
|Johnson & Johnson
|Apple Inc.
|Int'l Business Mach.
|General Electric
|JPMorgan Chase
|AT&T Inc.
|Berkshire Hathaway
|Pfizer Inc.
|Bank of America
|Cisco Systems
|Wells Fargo
|Oracle Corp.
Its tongue in cheek of course, but think about it, what else can whack off so much market cap from very big companies... financial bubbles bursting, now, how often do that happen... way too often, too often for investors to buy and hold financial stocks as a significant portion of asset allocation, in particular for conservative investors.
It used to be very safe to buy and hold blue chip banks. Now its different with all the big ones being international, having the same toes and fingers in every instrument, leveraging up when others are doing likewise so as to not be left out. The big ones are making sure they will be in everything, and when crises hit, they are also inadvertently making sure they have the likewise exposure. A caveat, I think regional and local banks are different animals.
Yes, there will be other kinds of crises - inflation, deflation, tech bubbles, country debt defaults, wars, major currency realignment, etc... - how well do your so called BLUE CHIPS stack up when they come face to face with these kind of crises? We got very close to going into a depression, yes other big caps would have tumbled as well, but you would not have a large part of your capital being wiped out. Because when your capital gets wiped out, you need to raise funds, which dilutes everything - that is capital destruction. Companies that suffer dips in revenue and profits in a downturn but NOT capital destruction, will always bounce back when things recover. We must really rethink the way we regard finance stocks as the next financial bubble is just around the corner..., there is always one just around the corner.
p/s photos: Sayuri Anzu


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Community volunteers are needed for Texas Folklife Festival June 11-13
(May 13, 2010)--Preparations are underway for the 2010 Texas Folklife Festival, which will be June 11-13 at the Institute of Texan Cultures in downtown San Antonio. Volunteers from San Antonio and surrounding communities are needed.
"It is the volunteers who make the Texas Folklife Festival a successful event," said festival director JoAnn Andera. "From students needing service hours, to businesses giving time and effort back to the community, to everyday people who just want to celebrate our state's diversity and heritage, Folklife Festival volunteers are as important as our musicians, dancers, food preparers and craftsmen."
Festival volunteers assist at gate admissions, provide information to attendees throughout the festival grounds, serve as stagehands and elevator and dressing room monitors, and in a variety of other roles.
This year, the festival will use an online Volunteer Information Center system, allowing volunteers to view job descriptions, sign up for shifts and stay in contact with the festival volunteer office.
To volunteer, follow the instructions in the "Volunteer" section at the Texas Folklife Festival website. Groups and businesses can sign up by calling 210-458-2275. First-aid volunteers including RNs, LVNs and EMTs can register by phone at 210-458-2216, or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Volunteers must attend an orientation session. Dates and times will be e-mailed to registered volunteers. For more information, contact the Texas Folklife Festival volunteer office at 210-458-2216 or email@example.com.


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Leak Confirms BBM Video Chat For BlackBerry 10
Revised task manager also detailed.
A leaked image has confirmed that BlackBerry Messenger video chat will be included in RIM's upcoming BlackBerry 10 platform.
RIM CEO Thorsten Heins implied that video chat would be added to BBM when BlackBerry 10 was announced, with the above image confirming its inclusion. Users will also be able to screen share during video calls.
As well as video chat functionality, a revised task manager was detailed through another leaked image. Called BlackBerry Remember, tasks and goals can be set from within the device and then grouped for later use. The service, which will be able to sync with Outlook and Evernote, also allows users to capture and organize content in other methods.
"We understand that there is a lot of excitement for BlackBerry 10," RIM said in response to the leak. "We will launch the platform on January 30th and until then we won't comment on speculation."
RIM recently sent out invites for the BlackBerry 10 launch event on January 30, where it'll reveal the first smartphones powered by the platform such as the Z10.
Create a new thread in the Streaming Video & TVs forum about this subject
1halcyon , December 29, 2012 4:56 AMThis does sound interesting indeed. ...hope it's more than just mere speculation.
-4Anonymous , December 29, 2012 6:11 AMPeople still use blackberries?
1iceman1992 , December 29, 2012 6:33 AMUnfortunately where I live it's hard to get a good connection so this better be available on wifi.
1halcyon , December 29, 2012 8:05 AMjoe15310People still use blackberries?
Oh...about 80,000,000 people.
0acadia11 , December 29, 2012 2:48 PMBoys, by your RIM stock, I've played with BB10 on the L-Series, #1 the L-Series phone is gorgeous it's the best looking phone next to the iphone, in some regards better looking, has the right screen size, and the BB10 software is awesome, if RIM had done this a year ago or earlier they'd be just as strong as they've always been. Only thing is that sometimes the software isn't as snappy as you want but it's a huge huge huge upgrade, it's in many ways better than iOS. And seems to blend the best of iOS and Android.
-1acadia11 , December 29, 2012 2:49 PMPurchasing new L-Series phone, asap!
0cinergy , December 29, 2012 2:55 PMhalcyonOh...about 80,000,000 people.
They are stuck in the 90s
0halcyon , December 29, 2012 6:17 PMcinergyThey are stuck in the 90s
Yeah? Well their money isn't.
1Anonymous , December 29, 2012 9:57 PMPeople still use blackberries?
Not just people you silly man;but productive people.


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Articles by Elisa Wouk Almino
PEN World Voices Festival Dispatch: The Translation Slam
May 6, 2013
The Translation Slam has become a popular tradition in the PEN World Voices Festival, and this year's event saw a full house at The Public Theater on Friday evening. For years it was held at the Bowery Poetry Club, which lamentably closed this past week. Host Michael F. Moore was clearly dismayed…
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Articles by Elisa Wouk Almino
PEN World Voices Festival Dispatch: "Speaking in Languages on the Edge"
May 2, 2013
The Speaking in Languages on the Edge event, held on May 1, featured Gillian Clarke, Joy Harjo, Natalio Hernandez, and Bob Holman. There are approximately 6,000 languages in the world, and more than half of them are endangered. This was one of the facts that introduced the PEN World Voices event Speaking…
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Fri December 14, 2012
Remembering Civil Rights Leader Lawrence Guyot
By editor
Originally published on Fri December 14, 2012 11:20 am
Lawrence Guyot spent his life fighting for civil rights - but often at great personal cost. He was jailed and beaten regularly by police in the Deep South while helping black people get involved in politics. Host Michel Martin speaks with Washington, D.C. Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton, who worked alongside Guyot, about his life and activism.


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Bag ban is no 'cheap' feel-good measure
Consumers likely to feel pinch of 10-cent per bag fee
SACRAMENTO When municipal officials started to impose bans on lightweight plastic shopping bags, it seemed like the latest attempt to inflict a little pain on consumers — a mostly symbolic effort to make us feel like we were "doing something" to save the planet.
But as a statewide plastic-bag bill advances in the Assembly, it's clear it also largely is about money — about protecting some industries and trying to shift around the costs of waste disposal and clean up.
SB 270 "prohibits retail stores from providing single-use carryout bags to customers, and requires retail stores to provide only reusable grocery bags for no less than 10 cents per bag," according to the Assembly's analysis. It also provides $2 million in grants and loans to help manufacturers convert their facilities and to pay for recycling efforts.
In his fact sheet, the bill's sponsor, Sen. Alex Padilla, D-Los Angeles, argues that 88 percent of the 13 billion high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bags retailers hand out each year are not recycled, that it costs the state more than $25 million a year to dispose of the waste and that such bags kill birds, turtles and other species.
Yet we all need to get groceries home from the store, so we must place them into some sort of bag. The American Progressive Bag Alliance, representing manufacturers of HDPE bags, sent around a different, heavier kind of plastic bag allowed under the bill. The group claims that it takes five times as much energy to produce these thicker bags that are similar to the kind used in department stores.
"SB 270 is not about the environment," the alliance argues. "It's a scam … to enrich the California Grocers Association to the tune of billions of dollars in bag fees at the expense of 2,000 hard-working Californians." Grocers could pocket as much as $189 million a year from the new bag fees, according to a bag-manufacturer's study, although grocers dispute that and may face additional costs to revamp their checkout stands and to store and transport these bigger bags.
Commentary: More Steven Greenhut columns about California
If SB 270 becomes law, Californians also will rely more heavily on those heavy non-woven polypropylene bags (NWPP) that stores often decorate with logos and sell for about a dollar. These are made from oil rather than natural gas, so critics note that a ban of lighter bags could harm efforts to address global warming.
This can get pretty confusing, but the main goal of SB 270's supporters is to force consumers to shift to something reusable, so that they toss away fewer bags. I take issue with the term "single-use" plastic bags, given that most of us reuse these light, cheap bags we now get — to dispose of cat litter, to curb the dog during walks, to line our wastebaskets. It's hard to believe that the new reusable bags or paper bags will be reused a lot more than these supposedly non-reusable ones.
A new study from the libertarian Reason Foundation notes that SB 270's supporters do not account for the energy use needed to clean the heavier types of bags and that consumers are unlikely to reuse them enough to pay for their additional costs.