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Arise, collegians! Demand equitable funding!
All 11 million community college students and 1,200 community college presidents, should support the revolution started by Bridging the Higher Education Divide, a report by the Century Foundation's Task Force on Preventing Community Colleges from Becoming Separate and Unequal, writes Wick Sloane on Inside Higher Ed.
The report offers "a policy path to righting the disgraceful inequities of community college funding" and a civil rights litigation strategy, Sloane writes. What's needed are leaders.
. . . grab the Century data! Protest! Petition the government for a redress of grievances! March on Washington!
As with LBJ during the Civil Rights Movement, President Obama knows what needs to be done for justice and equity for the short-end-of-the-straw-holding 44 percent of students in college today: community college students. Unlike LBJ, backed by Martin Luther King and thousands of protesters, President Obama has had not a shred of grown-up political pressure from community colleges to help community colleges.
Bridging the Higher Education Divide lays out the "evidence that public higher education funding, state and federal, shortchanges the poorest students with the highest need, writes Sloane.
* "Between 1999 and 2009, community college funding increased just one dollar per student, while per student funding at private research universities jumped almost $14,000."
* While wealthy students outnumber poor students at the most selective four-year colleges by 14:1, community colleges educate twice as many low-income students as high-income students."
* The federal tax and research-overhead subsidies at Princeton . . . amount to about $54,000 per student. (To which I add that the most federal aid a community college student can hope for is a full Pell Grant, about $5,500.)
* The approximate state appropriation for a public community college student is $4,209, versus $12,611 for a public bachelor's degree student.
The most controversial policy proposal is to litigate, emulating the NAACP's strategy in Brown v. Board of Education. "As Brown v. Board of Education helped galvanize our nation to address deep and enduring inequalities that had long been taken for granted, so today it is time to address – head on – abiding racial and economic inequalities in our system of American higher education."
California may add classes, raise fees
California community colleges could add courses in short summer and winter sessions — if students pay more, reports the San Francisco Chronicle. A bill that passed the Assembly this week would let colleges charge non-resident rates — $200 per unit — for new classes instead of the usual fee of $46 per unit.
Students who pay more for a high-demand class would free up spaces for other students during the regular semester, Assemblyman Das Williams, D-Santa Barbara, said. "We must recognize the reality that the existing system is not meeting students' needs," he said.
The Faculty Association of California Community Colleges and several community college districts opposed the bill, saying it's unfair to low-income students.
"If you fear a two-tiered system, I've got to wake you up: It's already here," Williams said. "There's one tier that can get in and one tier that is locked out."
After years of cutbacks, two-thirds of community colleges are offering more courses this summer, according to the chancellor's office. Last summer, enrollment and course offerings hit the lowest level in 15 years, but the passage of a state sales tax increase provided an extra $210 million to community colleges.
In recent years, the state's community colleges have been hit by $1.5 billion in funding cuts and turned away 600,000 students, according to a report published in March.
The shortage of community college seats "could keep 2.5 million Californians out of the system over the next 10 years," reports KPBS. Latinos, who are the most likely to attend community colleges, will be hit hard, said Deborah Santiago, who heads research for Excelencia in Education. "Community colleges are, from a sticker price perspective, more affordable and, because they are in the communities where these students live, therefore accessible," she said.
California chancellor opposes differential fees
Some California community colleges want to charge higher fees for high-demand courses. Newly appointed Community College Chancellor Brice Harris opposes differential fees, reports Paul Fain on Inside Higher Ed.
In an open letter to leaders of the system's 112 colleges, Harris last month made clear that he is opposed to attempts at charging "differential tuition." That includes the controversial two-tiered pricing structure that Santa Monica College proposed last year or the online bachelor's track Coastline Community College has been developing with three public universities in other states.
Harris supports tuition increases, but opposes charging some students more than others for the same courses.
"I strongly believe that charging different students different fees depending on demand, ability to pay or program of interest would ultimately be devastating to open access and has the potential to undermine a system that has been the gateway to a better life for all Californians regardless of their background."
Many California community colleges are putting students on wait lists for high-demand entry-level courses. "A recent report found that budget cuts, and resulting faculty layoffs and hiring freezes, have forced the system to turn away 600,000 students in recent years," notes Inside Higher Ed.
Santa Monica's proposal for two-tiered fees was abandoned in the face of protests.
Coastline Community College's proposed online partnership with four-year institutions was rejected by the chancellor's office earlier this year.
CCs can bridge the skills gap
Community colleges are "ideally positioned to close the skills gap and train out-of-work Americans for "middle-skill jobs," write Anthony Carnevale and Nicole Smith of Georgetown's Center on Education and the Workforce (CEW) in GOOD. Sixty percent of jobs today require some postsecondary education or training, and the percentage will continue to rise, they predict.
With the help of community colleges, 1.5 million unemployed Americans could qualify for good jobs that require more than high school training but less than a bachelor's degree, the researchers estimate. Roughly 21 percent of all jobs require "middle: skills: 29 million pay at least $35,000 a year and nearly 10 million pay more than $50,000. A "significant number actually pay more than entry-level jobs requiring a bachelor's degree."
However, community colleges are under pressure to raise graduation rates and ensure that graduates find jobs in their field.
With completion rates as the new criterion of success, community colleges run the risk of no longer being open access—a safe haven for students looking to complete remedial work, basic education or professional training that may or may not lead to a piece of paper certifying some kind of "completion" of a course of study.
Carnevale and Smith recommend four ways to help community colleges close the skills gap while balancing the goals of open access and high completion rates:
Community colleges should be allowed to have lower graduation rates than current metrics suggest—especially if they are tasked with having open access and non-traditional students.
. . . Funding levels should be attached to programs, not students, and should reflect the varying needs of those programs. For example, nursing programs that require access to very expensive technical equipment should be funded at a higher level than, say, courses in the liberal arts.
Strengthening the high school-to-college pipeline could reduce the number of students in community colleges who need remedial help, and ultimately lead to better completion rates for everyone.
Both community colleges and four-year institutions should provide more concrete data about the money value of college courses, programs and majors. The expected payoff, long-term costs and value of a college major should be information that all colleges make available to every potential and current student.
Community colleges will be of increasing importance in helping Americans prepare for the workforce and retrain to meet new workforce demands, Carnevale and Smith conclude.
Aspen names 120 top community colleges
The Aspen Institute has named 120 community colleges in 31 states that are in the running for the 2013 Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence. The finalists were evaluated on the basis of student persistence, completion and transfer rates, consistent improvement in outcomes over time and equity in outcomes for students of all racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Valencia College in Florida won the 2012 prize.
Educating for equity
Has higher education become an engine of inequality? asks the Chronicle of Higher Education.
Education, long praised as the great equalizer, no longer seems to be performing as advertised. A study by Stanford University shows that the gap in standardized-test scores between low-income and high-income students has widened about 40 percent since the 1960s—now double that between black and white students. A study from the University of Michigan found that the disparity in college-completion rates between rich and poor students has grown by about 50 percent since the 1980s.
Community colleges are part of the problem and essential to the solution, writes Thomas Bailey, who directs the Community College Research Center on Teachers' College, Columbia.
Regardless of previous academic achievement, low-income students are much more likely than higher-income students to attend community colleges than four-year institutions. And students who start in community colleges do not, on average, progress as far as those starting in four-year institutions; they are certainly less likely to complete a B.A.
Better counseling and financial-aid programs might improve equity, but not by much, writes Bailey. He also has little faith that encouraging all students to start in a four-year institution is practical. Selective colleges and universities "have used the growing demand for higher education to become even more selective rather than to expand enrollment."
The availability of low-cost, local, open-access community colleges is therefore crucial. As tuition at four-year institutions rises, and college degrees become a prerequisite for jobs paying a living wage, community colleges fill an ever more crucial role in our economy. Accordingly, their enrollments have steadily grown.
To increase completion rates without restricting access, community college reforms must include "the entire student experience at college, including opportunities to transfer to four-year colleges," not just remediation or course selection.
Defining community colleges down
In lauding community colleges' job training mission, New York Times columnist Joe Nocera is Defining Community Colleges Down, writes Richard Kahlenberg, who's launched a a Century Foundation Task Force on Preventing Community Colleges from Becoming Separate and Unequal.
Community colleges have two big roles—to provide skills, certificates, and AA degrees that will improve employment prospects for students, and to provide a gateway for low-income and working-class students who wish to transfer and ultimately receive a bachelor's degree. The downgrading of community colleges to a single function—skills training—would constitute a betrayal for the many working-class students who aspire to more.
Among first-time, full-time community college students, 81.4 percent plan to transfer to earn at least a bachelor's degree, according to federal data. Yet only 11.6 percent do so within six years. That's "a national tragedy," writes Kahlenberg. Rather than encouraging students to pursue certificates and associate degrees, community colleges should "improve and strengthen transfer paths."
For many talented and diligent low-income students who must work to make ends meet, community college is a more affordable and flexible option than beginning at a four-year institution, even though they understandably prefer to ultimately earn a B.A. rather than a certificate or an AA degree. U.S. Census data show that the mean earnings of workers age 18 and over with a bachelor's degree has increased relative to that of workers with some college/associate's degree, from 47 percent more in 1975 to 68 percent more in 2010.
The New York Times sees community colleges as places where low-income students will settle for "middle skills," Kahlenberg writes. "Community colleges should aim higher."
Honesty is the first step
Reclaiming the American Dream, the new American Association of Community Colleges' report, is brutally honest about community colleges' shortcomings, writes Richard Kahlenberg in The Chronicle of Higher Education.
"What we find today are student success rates that are unacceptably low, employment preparation that is inadequately connected to job market needs, and disconnects in transitions between high schools, community colleges, and baccalaureate institutions." The report concedes that "developmental education as traditionally practiced is dysfunctional, that barriers to transfer inhibit student progress, that degree and certificate completion rates are too low, and that attainment gaps across groups of students are unacceptably wide." These problems may seem obvious to the casual observer, but for a commission of the AACC, a group which describes itself as "the primary advocacy organization for the nation's community colleges," to openly admit such failures is remarkable.
Reclaiming the Dream recommends requiring orientation, first-semester counseling to get students into a structured program of study and embedding basic skills instruction into credit-bearing courses. It also calls on four-year institutions to agree on transfer courses, so students won't lose credits as they move toward a bachelor's degree.
The AACC report "plants the seed" for The Century Foundation's Task Force on Preventing Community Colleges from Becoming Separate and Unequal, writes Kahlenberg, a senior fellow at the foundation. The task force will pose critical questions:
Can we expect to provide equal educational opportunity when higher education is so deeply stratified – with the most selective four-year colleges educating 14 times as many rich kids as poor kids, while community colleges have almost twice as many poor students as wealthy ones?
Why does our system of public funding of higher education provide the fewest resources to the student most in need?
. . . can we call a system where 65 percent of students who start at a community college fail to earn a degree or credential after six years either efficient or equitable?
Community colleges can solve some of their own problems without more dollars, the report said. Funding should be structured to provide "incentives for promoting student success."
Equal access, but less success
More students are starting — and completing — college, according to Replenishing Opportunity in America, an Education Trust report on its Access to Success Initiative. "Improvements are driven largely by African-American, Latino, American-Indian and low-income students."
At community colleges, low-income and minority students are well represented. At four-year institutions, the access gap for low-income freshmen has been cut in half, but there's been little progress for black and Hispanic students.
When it comes to success, the report is not as positive.
Success rates at two-year colleges remain low, and gaps persist. Four-year institutions have made gains, improving graduation rates for all students. But success among low-income students and students of color has not yet moved fast enough to begin closing the completion gaps.
The gap in college attainment rates between white students and students of color is bigger now than it was in the 1970s, Ed Trust warns.
Community colleges face Catch-22
Community colleges, which are "given fewer resources to educate students with the greatest needs," face a Catch-22, writes Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation in The 2-Tier-Tuition Controversy in The Chronicle of Higher Education.
(Colleges can) raise prices, which creates new inequities, or don't raise prices and perpetuate huge waiting lists for courses. In practical terms, as Nate Johnson of Postsecondary Analytics notes, when students eager for education are shut out of community-college courses, they tend to enroll in for-profit colleges, where they pay far more per credit than the proposed expensive tier at Santa Monica. Many students exit these for-profit institutions with few marketable skills.
"Charging different amounts for the same general-education courses at a community college would have set a bad precedent," Kahlenberg writes. But it's just the tip of a giant iceberg of inequalities in higher education.


text: Greetings: The subject says it all. My own "Linux audio sucks" hobbyhorse: No way to recall a complex configuration of apps and plugins with all settings intact. If I use a complicated setup with multiple synths and plugins I have no way to recall these applications to their previous settings. LASH/LADCCA was supposed to address this situation but I don't know where that project stands at this point. And your favorite is... ? Best, dp

subset: commoncrawl


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The X Factor
Rob Kardashian's Ex Rita Ora: Strip Club Date With X Factor UK Winner
Rita Ora sure knows how to keep things interesting! Rob Kardashian's ex-girlfriend spent four hours with X Factor UK winner James Arthur at Silks Gentlemen's Lounge — yes, a strip club — in Leeds on February 13.
The duo departed out the back door in the early hours of the morning, and apparently James was quite "smitten" with the blonde beauty.
A source told The Sun newspaper: "They were desperate not to be seen. They entered the strip club via the back door and left separately to avoid being snapped together."
"James made a big effort to spend time with her. He's smitten."
James and Rita met after a gig in York as part of her 'Radioactive' tour. The 24-year-old James had travelled from his X Factor Live performance in Sheffield to the nearby Yorkshire city to meet his latest love.
But it's not the first time Rita and James — who has previously been linked to TV presenter Caroline Flack, who hosts The X Factor UK spin-off show The Xtra Factor — have enjoyed a night out together.
On February 9, the pair was spotted at an after-show party following James' X Factor Live gig in Birmingham, and the talent show winner was pictured leaving Rita's hotel the next morning dressed in same clothes he had been wearing the previous night.
Mmhmm. Sounds like love is in the air.
Source: BANG Showbiz


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No one has commented yet.
It's been sooooo long ...
Heu people !
It's been such a long time I haven't published ...
I'm a little busy and sooooo disappointed I wasn't able to go to the Atlantic City show !
Everything's ok here in Washington DC, already half of my time here is gone.
Going to NYC at the end of July, so excited !
1st time in the US and I really enjoy it, hope I can come ack soon with my lovely guy !
Hope you're all doing fine, with love as always.
Your little Frenchie, Claire


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The Sag Harbor Village attorney had sharp words for a proposed condo project at 1, 3 and 5 Ferry Road at a Tuesday planning board work session, the night after the developers of the plan presented new architectural renderings for the 18-unit project.
On Monday night, East End Ventures, the firm proposing the luxury condo project with accessory docks on Sag Harbor's waterfront presented new architectural rendering to the historic preservation and architectural review board.
The concept, developed by architect Katherine Fee, revolves around the industrial, row house character of historic waterfront communities as its inspiration. Fee presented the board with a cluster of five townhouses separated by streets. Fee said the canal-style streets were implemented as a design feature intended to reduce the overall mass of the proposed buildings. A parking garage is located under a green roof – a grass covered expanse – adjacent to the condo development. The parking garage is proposed to house roughly 20 vehicles, said Fee, over half the parking proposed for the site.
By and large, the ARB was impressed with the concept, although they did suggest Fee vary the height of the buildings, even if a variance was necessary to create the sense that these structures were built over time, instead of in one development. They also suggested looking at finding a way to get all of the parking underground, instead of just about half.
While ARB Chairman Cee Scott Brown called the presentation "helpful," he added the developers should wait to come back to the board until they have reached the phase where the village boards, save the planning board, can get involved.
Which was one of the problems village attorney Anthony Tohill had with the presentation. The plan presented to the ARB on Monday night varied greatly from the plan the village's planning board is in the midst of reviewing under the state environmental quality review (SEQR). The project under review by the planning board presents a single 43,040 square-foot building with 18 accessory dock slips and 36 above-ground parking spaces, while the design presented by Fee is vastly different with five buildings, underground parking and a green roof shown as aspects of the new design.
According to Tohill, if a plan changes drastically in the midst of this review, the whole process must start from scratch as the planning board has been evaluating the potential impacts of the original design, not this new incarnation. New designs are generally reserved for the alternatives section of an environmental review.
Another problem, according to Sag Harbor Mayor Greg Ferraris, is that while the application was originally slated for the Monday, October 27 meeting, the applicant's attorney pulled it from the meeting agenda on October 6. Only hours before the ARB meeting on Monday was set to commence did the attorney ask it be put back on the agenda, without meeting the deadline for submission and without the village attorney or village planner being notified by the village building department.
Both were absent from the ARB meeting as a result.
"Trustee [Tiffany] Scarlato has reviewed the board policies and procedures that need to be followed," said Ferraris on Wednesday. "This will be rectified and will not happen again moving forward."
On Tuesday night, prior to the board's regular meeting, Tohill discussed the situation with the planning board in a work session, stating it needs to be clear that submissions cannot be made at the "last minute," essentially introducing "complete chaos" to a state regulated review process.
Tohill said the developer's move to show the ARB a new design could weaken the whole process for both the applicant and the village.
"There are no excuses for it," he said, adding if another design is shown again the environmental review may have to start from the very beginning.
The project's attorney Dennis Downes disagreed with Tohill saying he would address the issue during the regular meeting.
"I have to comment about a problem we have been having with this application in the past but it became a bit more acute last night when architects showed up at the ARB with a set of plans this board has not seen and was not aware of," said board chairman Neil Slevin during the regular meeting. "That, we believe, was inappropriate at best."
Slevin then questioned a fence that has been put up at the project site by National Grid, which is using the space for staging for a brief period while it performs a nearby remediation of coal tar. Downes explained the situation regarding National Grid, and in reference to the ARB meeting, said it was impossible for the applicants to do their job without being able to discuss the project with interested agencies like the ARB.
Tohill disagreed and cut the conversation short.
In other Ferry Road news, the board adopted a list of potential impacts East End Ventures must explore in the next phase of this review. The ball is now in the developer's court, as they must provide responses to the litany of questions the planning board has asked.
 Top photo: Architect Katherine Fee presidents the Sag Harbor ARB a new design for proposed luxury condos at 1, 3 and 5 Ferry Road Monday night.Â


text: Taking the world by surprise, the Dill Purple Geniuses will open the Watermelon Festivities on Sunday, July 20 at 10am. They are a fun filled group of characters who have kids chanting "Pookie Power." The Geniuses bring great inspiration, self-confidence, music and unending learning to all kids. The whimsical characters, along with the talented Dill Genius Kids and host Jennifer Hopson, put on a fun-filled show with story-telling, singing, skits, giveaways and more! For more information log on to www.dillpurplegeniuses.com


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Environmental and Occupational Health Assessment Program Application Payments
Under some circumstances, educational facilities will require an IEHA to be conducted by a licensed consultant when there are renovations, remodeling, additions, conversions, demolitions, etc. taking place. Educational facilities include any K-12 public, private or charter school. The Local Construction Official (LCO) will determine if the work being done in the educational facility will require a Department of Health (DOH) Safe building Interior Certification. A DOH certification may be required prior to the beginning of any construction or demolition or prior to issuing a certificate of occupancy (CO). If your LCO has required you to obtain a DOH certification, please contact the DOH for more information on how to proceed.
Educational facilities which fall into one or more of the following categories may have to acquire a Safe Building Interior Certification from the DOH:
IEHA Forms and Submission Process
Form A: Submission Information (CEHS-1), must be signed by a licensed consultant. Indoor Environmental Health Assessments (IEHAs), forms, and data submitted to the DOH should be submitted electronically. They can also be placed on a compact disc and mailed to the address below:
NJ Department of Health
Consumer, Environmental, and Occupational Health Service
Indoor Environments Program
P.O. Box 369
Trenton, NJ 08625-0369
NOTE: If the IEHA packet will be e-mailed, a certified check, money order (made payable to "NJ Department of Health) or e-payment (no cash, personal checks or company checks will be accepted), in the amount of $1500 must be submitted. When mailing the check, it must be attached to a hardcopy of Form A: Submission Information (CEHS-1).
The following forms are required to be completed and submitted:
department: njdoh
home | index
by topic | programs/services
statewide:njhome | services A to Z | Departments/Agencies | FAQs
Copyright © State of New Jersey, 1996-


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Saturday Time Schedule
N.Y. Yankees at Minnesota, 2:10 p.m.
Seattle at Chicago White Sox, 2:10 p.m.
Miami at St. Louis, 2:15 p.m.
Chicago Cubs at Washington, 4:05 p.m.
Philadelphia at Pittsburgh, 4:05 p.m.
Tampa Bay at Detroit, 4:08 p.m.
Arizona at Atlanta, 4:10 p.m.
L.A. Dodgers at Colorado, 4:10 p.m.
Milwaukee at Cincinnati, 4:10 p.m.
Kansas City at Cleveland, 6:05 p.m.
Texas at N.Y. Mets, 7:15 p.m.
Baltimore at Boston, 7:15 p.m.
San Francisco at San Diego, 7:15 p.m.
Toronto at Oakland, 10:05 p.m.
Houston at L.A. Angels, 10:05 p.m.
Argentina vs. Belgium at Brasilia, Brazil, Noon
Netherlands vs. Costa Rica at Salvador, Brazil, 4 p.m.
D.C. United at Toronto FC, 7 p.m.
Seattle FC at Vancouver, 10 p.m.
Montreal at Chivas USA, 10:30 p.m.
San Antonio at Indiana, 5 p.m.
Washington at Atlanta, 7 p.m.
Connecticut at Tulsa, 8 p.m.
Chicago at Seattle, 10 p.m.
Formula 1, British Grand Prix Qualifying, Silverstone, 8 a.m.
NHRA, Summit Racing Equipment Nationals, Norwalk, Ohio, 4:45 p.m.
IndyCar, Pocono IndyCar 500 Qualifying, Long Pond, Pa., 5 p.m.
NASCAR Sprint Cup, Coke Zero 400, Daytona Beach, Fla., 7:30 p.m.
LTA/ITF, The Championships, London
PGA Tour, The Greenbrier Classic, White Sulphur Springs, W.Va.
European Tour, Alstom Open de France, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Web.com Tour, Nova Scotia Open, Halifax
ASO, Tour de France, first stage, Harrogate, England
IAAF Diamond League, Meeting Areva, Paris
Copyright © The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The questions are referenced to the "2005 Food Code" issued by the FDA. The Temperature Only Test is our first examination that includes Celsius temperatures.


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1. 61 Highway2. Red Cross Store3. When I Lay My Burden Down4. Evil Hearted Woman5. I Asked For Whiskey She Brought Me Gasoline6. Standing At The Burying Ground7. Glory Hallelujah - (with Jo Ann Kelly)8. Write Me A Few Lines9. My Baby Done Me Wrong10. Shake 'Em On Down11. Louise12. My Babe13. Waves Of The Water14. KokomoFormat: CD
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After losing his mother at age four and his father at 16, Jesse Elijah Roberts (GWU '11) could easily have given up all hope. Instead, he channeled what he knows of grief—and of grace—into his academic pursuits at Gardner-Webb (more on that below). As an undergrad, Roberts interned as a counselor for Hospice of Rutherford County, where he now works as a Community Grief and Bereavement Counselor. He is also a graduate student in Gardner-Webb's Mental Health Counseling program, a Graduate Residence Director for GWU's Royster Residence Hall, a Graduate Assistant for GWU Plant Operations, and the pianist for First Baptist Church, Rutherfordton.
As an undergraduate, you worked on an article that ended up being published, something most students don't experience until graduate school. Would you tell us a little about that research? Sure. Dr. James Morgan (Gardner-Webb professor of psychology) and I conducted a literature review titled "Helping Bereaved Children and Adolescents: Strategies and Implications for Counselors," which was published in the Journal of Mental Health Counseling. My largest contribution to the research was dealing with the use of bibliotherapy when working with bereaved children. Bibliotherapy is the therapeutic use of literature to help people with difficult issues.
Based on your study of bibliotherapy, you wrote a book that might be used when counseling grieving children, right? Yes. Bibliotherapy is a topic of great interest to me, so I've written a children's book called "Katie the Ladybug: Explaining Emotions of Grief to a Child" (publishing info?). It serves as a creative way to explain the emotions that come with experiencing the loss of a loved one.
What gives you such a passion for grief counseling? Having lost my mom when I was four, and then my father as a teenager, I've had to deal with grief on two completely different levels. Without going into a counseling role, nothing I've experienced would make any sense. Instead, every hardship I've encountered has played a role in shaping who I am today and what I do professionally, and it's my hope that I'm becoming the person God wants me to be.
Would you share a little about the influence that Gardner-Webb professors had on your academic journey? Dr. Morgan is the professor who has had the greatest influence on my academic career. More than a professor, he continues to be a mentor and a close friend. He saw something in me that I did not see in myself. He motivated and challenged me academically by asking me to help with his research into helping bereaved children and adolescents. Without his encouragement, support, and faithful mentorship, I would never have had the opportunity to be a part of a national journal publication as an undergraduate student, which was definitely a highlight of my undergraduate career and a tremendously fulfilling experience.
What's so intriguing and rewarding about conducting research and then sharing it with others, either by presenting it or publishing it? It's just incredibly humbling to be a part of something bigger than yourself. I think our article is a wonderful illustration of that. More than just completing an assignment, I had the privilege of working on a meaningful project that will hopefully help counselors better serve people who are hurting from losing loved ones.
Did you ever have the chance to present your research in person, either at a conference or in a class? I had the privilege of presenting at Gardner-Webb's annual Life of the Scholar Multidisciplinary Conference, and received the first place award in my subject area. That presentation related what I'd learned about bibiliotherapy to the children's book I'd written. That chance to share my research with a group of scholars and professors who were genuinely interested in learning about my work—that was a very fulfilling opportunity.
Has your undergraduate research experience opened doors after graduation? Our research has helped me tremendously in my job at Hospice as a Community Grief and Bereavement Counselor. We have a program called "Rainbows," which is a support group offered in Rutherford County Schools for children who have experienced a loss. I use what I learned from our research frequently in my work. Many times, children are more comfortable relating to the characters in the books we read than they are simply talking about their feelings.
So you've found that your research is still vital and relevant in your day-to-day life as a counselor? Absolutely. That's the awesome thing about research—the knowledge I gained became a part of me, so it will never really stop. I'll not only use those lessons as a professional counselor, but I'll carry them with me for the rest of my life.


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Kano — The Nigeria Society of Engineers (NSE) has accused foreign multi-national construction companies working in Nigeria of marginalizing their members.
It said the multi-national companies are not allowing indigenous engineers to also participate in the work despite their ability to do so and this is despite several appeals made by the society.
Speaking in Kano at the weekend, chairman of Kano chapter of the society Engr. Ismail Lawan Shariff said despite the fact that the indigenous engineers are highly qualified still not very many of them are involved in home construction works.
He cited as example the ongoing Kano fly-over project which he lamented that had no any indigenous engineer working there. "If not that Kano government has insisted that there should be indigenous supervisors of the construction work and sent 20 of such professionals, we wouldn't have been part of it," he said.
He said very soon they would evolve measures that would begin to compel any multinational company that is handling projects in the country to use the services of indigenous engineers.
Yakasai, who commended Governor Kwankwaso for the fly-over, said the bridge would definitely reduce heavy traffic that has engulfed the state and continued to constitute nuisance to every right thinking persons.


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Bachelor Degrees for Traditional Undergraduates.
Earn Your Master's or Doctorate at Judson.
Busy Adults, Finish Your B.A. the Convenient Way.
Call Judson Your "Home Away From Home."
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Judson University, Shaping Lives that Shape the World


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COMMUNAL farmers in the Ndiyona Constituency in the Kavango Region are angry over an agricultural project embarked upon without their consent. They claim it will dislocate them from their homesteads and mahangu fields.
A spokesperson for the group, Romanus Shampapi Shiremo, yesterday said that Ndiyona Constituency councillor Hildegard Mangundu, Gciriku Traditional Authority chief Kassium Shiyambi, and some headmen in the area had reached an agreement with an unknown South African investor for the allocation of 2 000 hectares to be set aside for crop production.
But he said no consultation took place with field owners at Ndiyona, Shihoro, Rucara, Hoha, and Kashipe villages that will be affected.
He said many people would be dislodged from their homesteads and mahangu fields.
Worse still, the disgruntled group claimed, is that the land allocation was done without the approval of the Kavango Communal Land Board, or the requisite procedures being followed.
Shiremo said there was no offer of compensation for those farmers who would have to move, no feasibility study was conducted, and no environmental clearance certificate was issued.
The Environmental Management Act of 2007 stipulates that no development may take place without an environmental clearance certificate. Contravention of this stipulation can lead to a fine of up to N$500 000 or imprisonment for 25 years, or both.
Shiremo was also quick to point out that it is illegal to put up fences in communal areas without permission.
"There is corruption going on here. Why is there total disregard for the laws of this country from people who have taken an oath to uphold and protect the Namibian Constitution and to be faithful to the people of this country?" he asked.
In a petition signed by 79 farmers and handed to Kavango Governor Maurus Nekaro, the Ministry of Lands and Resettlement and the Communal Land Board, the group said they were never consulted and never consented to giving up the customary land rights they are entitled to under the Communal Land Reform Act of 2002.
In a radio broadcast on the NBC's RuKavango radio service on January 15, Mangundu confirmed the allocation to the South African investor and said some mahangu fields in the area would be taken over to make way for the private agricultural scheme.
But the farmers say the lease cannot be granted if it directly and unreasonably interferes or curtails their use and enjoyment of the commonage.
The investor's Namibian consultant, Leon Tjihero, has reportedly started clearing large tracts of land with 300 temporary workers, while 50 casual workers are putting up fences around the allocated land.
In the process, said Shiremo, mahangu fields and wild vegetation and animals are being destroyed.
"While no formal permission was granted, no action is taken to halt the process," he added.
Kavango Communal Land Board secretariat member Leah Sasizo yesterday said the land board had not received an application for land use by the South African investor, which councillor Mangundu has identified as HGM Agri-Investments.
According to her, the traditional authority is supposed to have the consent of affected communities before land can be allocated for occupation.
"The people are crying; their land have just been taken," Sasizo said. "This is illegal. People must write a letter to the land board."
Mangundu disputed the claim that no formal procedures were followed.
She said discussions were first held with the traditional authority, after which all necessary documents were given to the land board and the lands ministry.
She said the traditional chiefs and headmen had consultations with field owners, and it is not true that communities are against the agricultural project.
"We have had five meetings with the communities and the royal king [Shiyambi]. All communities were involved. The allegations come from those who are not in favour of the project. We have given the land to the investor so that our children can have jobs and a future. They forget the aim of this project is for food security and to create jobs," Mangundu said.
The project, she said, has already created 300 temporary jobs.
She denied that homesteads or mahangu fields were being destroyed.
She said the South African investor intends to plant maize, potatoes and vegetables.
Mangundu also said that meetings would be held to discuss compensation to those who have lost their fields.
Mangundu did acknowledge that the necessary paperwork was still outstanding, saying: "Just to be honest, when investors come and get land, they are really offered [land]. This is so for most of the green schemes. They are often granted without a leasehold. We are still waiting for a leasehold."


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Like her hyphenated last name, Biocon's founder and chairman Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw is a woman of many parts. She juggles her professional, diplomatic (she is honorary consul general of Ireland), community (she heads BPAC, an action group that focuses on Bangalore) and myriad social commitments with skilful ease. Now, the already frenetically busy Mazumdar-Shaw is much in demand in an entirely new capacity: companies want the experienced business leader on their board of directors.
In India, the absence of women on corporate boards is embarrassingly noticeable. But there are signs that some large companies are finally beginning to see the need for gender diversity. In the last few weeks alone, Mazumdar-Shaw has accepted two new positions — as independent board member at Infosys and as chairperson of the board of governors at IIM Bangalore. She won't reveal how many more positions she has turned down.
However, Mazumdar-Shaw does admit that there is a limited pool to choose from as women in leadership positions are few in India. "So the same few names are being head-hunted," she says. Like her, peers Renu Sud Karnad and Ireena Vittal are in great demand too. Each of them holds a surprisingly high number of board positions. Besides the HDFC board, Karnad is on the boards of BPO, budget housing and manufacturing firms, both Indian and multinational. Vittal is on the boards of software, beverage, hotel and consumer goods firms.
The race to get women on board is only going to get more frantic. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has just approved a proposal mandating that every listed company have at least one woman director on its board. Nearly a thousand companies will have to comply by the October 1 deadline. Even India's largest enterprises, such as Reliance Industries, TCS and Larsen & Toubro, do not have a woman director. The search is on in earnest.
Too few women, too many board positions, describes Arun Duggal, chairman of Shriram Capital who leads a mentorship programme that aims to get high potential women executives on to boards. "There are about a hundred very distinguished women who are in great demand and are already on board positions. Beyond that the supply dwindles. How does one build a pipeline of women who can fill board positions?" he asks.
The representation of women on corporate boards is currently at an abysmal low of about 6 per cent. Of the top 500 companies on the Mumbai Stock Exchange, at least 300 do not have a single woman on their boards, says Duggal. "They have to scrounge to get women board members." In Duggal's programme, the first batch of 50 women has just completed …continued »


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Betsy Ross
Betsy Ross (January 1, 1752 – January 30, 1836), born Elizabeth Phoebe Griscom,[1] also later known by her second and third married names: Elizabeth Ashburn and Elizabeth Claypoole,[1] is widely credited with making the first American flag purportedly in 1776, according to family tradition, upon a visit from General George Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and changing the shape of the stars described on the flag from six-pointed to easier-to-produce five-pointed stars.[2][3][4] However, there is no archival evidence or other verbal traditions that this story or "legend" of the first American flag is true and supposedly the story first surfaced in the early 1870s by the description of her descendants—a grandson—a century later, with no mention being made or documented anywhere in earlier decades.[5]
Early life and family[edit]
Betsy Ross was born on January 1752 to parents, Samuel Griscom (1717-1793) and Rebecca James Griscom (1721-1793) was born on a farm in West Jersey, Pennsylvania who moved to Philadelphia 2 years later. The eighth of seventeen children, but only Betsy and eight of her siblings survived childhood. Two siblings, sister Sarah (1745-1747) and brother William (1748-1749), died before Elizabeth ("Betsy") was born (another sister, Sarah Griscom Donaldson (1749-1785), was named after the earlier deceased Sarah). Betsy was just five years old when her sister Martha (1754-1757) died, and another sister, Ann (1757-1759), only lived to the age of 2. Betsy also lost brothers Samuel I (1753-1756) and Samuel II (1758-1761), who both died at the age of three. Two others, twins, brother Joseph (1759-1762) and sister Abigail (1759-1762), died in one of the frequent smallpox epidemics in the autumn of 1762.[6][7] She grew up in a household where the plain dress and strict discipline of the Society of Friends dominated her life.[8] She learned to sew from great-aunt Sarah Elizabeth Ann Griscom.[8] Her great-grandfather, Andrew Griscom, a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), was a carpenter, who had emigrated in 1680 from England.[7]
After she finished her schooling at a Quaker-run public school, her father apprenticed her to an upholsterer named William Webster.[9] At this job, she fell in love with fellow apprentice John Ross, who was the son of the Rev. Aeneas Ross (and his wife Sarah Leach), an Anglican (later Episcopal) priest and assistant rector at the historic city parish of Christ Church. The young couple eloped in 1773 when she was age 21, marrying at Hugg's Tavern in Gloucester City, New Jersey.[10] The marriage caused a split from her Griscom family and meant her expulsion from the Quaker congregation. The young couple soon started their own upholstery business and later joined Christ Church, where their fellow congregants occasionally included visiting Virginia colonial militia regimental commander, Colonel, and soon-to-be-General George Washington (of the newly organized Continental Army) and his family from their home Anglican parish of Christ Church in Alexandria, Virginia, near his Mount Vernon estate on the Potomac River, along with many other visiting notaries and delegates in future years to the soon-to-be-convened Continental Congress and the political/military leadership of the colonial rebellion.[7] Betsy and John Ross had no children.[7][11]
Revolutionary War[edit]
The American Revolutionary War broke out when the two young Rosses had been married for only two years. As a member of the local Pennsylvania Provincial Militia and its units from the city of Philadelphia, John Ross was assigned to guard munitions and, according to one legend, was killed by a gunpowder explosion, but family sources have doubts about this claim.[12] The 24-year-old Elizabeth ("Betsy") continued working in the upholstery business repairing uniforms and making tents and blankets and stuffed paper tube cartridges with musket balls for prepared packaged ammunition in 1779 for the Continental Army.[13]
There is speculation that Betsy was the "beautiful young widow," who distracted Carl von Donop in Mount Holly, New Jersey, after the Battle of Iron Works Hill, thus keeping his forces out of the crucial "turning-of-the-tide" Battle of Trenton during Christmas, 1776, annihilating the mercenary "Hessians" after the famous crossing of the Delaware River.[14]
On June 15, 1777, she married her second husband, mariner Joseph Ashburn. In 1780, Ashburn's ship was captured by a British Royal Navy frigate and he was charged with treason (for being of British ancestry and "naturalized" American colonial citizenship was not recognized) and imprisoned at Old Mill Prison, in England. During this time, their first daughter, Zilla, died at the age of nine months and their second daughter, Eliza, was born.[7] Unfortunately, seaman Ashburn died in the British jail.[7]
Three years later, in May 1783, she married John Claypoole, who had coincidentally earlier met Joseph Ashburn in the English Old Mill Prison and had informed her of her husband's circumstances and death.
The couple had additionally five daughters: Clarissa, Susanna, Jane, Rachel, and Harriet, (who died in infancy). With the birth of their second daughter Susanna, in 1786, they moved to a larger house on Philadelphia's Second Street, settling down to a peaceful post-war existence, as Philadelphia prospered, now becoming the temporary national capital (1790-1800) of the newly independent United States of America, with the first President George Washington, his Vice President, John Adams, and the convening members of the new federal government and the U.S. Congress.
In 1793, her mother, father, and sister Deborah Griscom Bolton (1743-1793) have all died in another severe "yellow fever" epidemic (a disease unknowingly caused by infected mosquitoes that in those times ranged further north from the sub-tropical zones of the southern U.S.). After two decades of poor health, John Claypoole died in 1817. Mrs. Claypoole (the former Mrs. Ross), continued the upholstery business for 10 more years.[8] Upon retirement, she moved in with her second Claypoole daughter, Susanna (1786-1875), in a section of Abington Township in then rural Montgomery County, outside of Philadelphia.[15] Her eldest Claypoole daughter, Clarissa (1785-1864), had taken over Betsy's business back in the city.
Ross (Mrs. Claypoole), by then completely blind, spent her last three years living with her middle Claypoole daughter, Jane (1792-1873), in rapidly growing and industrializing Philadelphia. On Saturday, January 30, 1836, sixty years after the "Declaration of Independence", "Betsy Ross" died at the age of 84. She was survived by five daughters with John Claypoole: Eliza, Clarissa, Susanna, Jane, and Rachel, and one sister, Hannah Griscom Levering (1755-1836), who herself died about eleven months later.[16]
Although it is one of the most visited tourist sites in the city of Philadelphia,[17] the claim that Ross once lived at the so-called "Betsy Ross House" is still a matter of historical academic dispute.[18]
Betsy Ross's body was first buried at the "Free Quaker" burial grounds on North Fifth Street in Philadelphia. Twenty years later, her remains were exhumed and reburied in the Mt. Moriah Cemetery in the Cobbs Creek Park section of Philadelphia. In preparation for the American Bicentennial, the City ordered the remains moved to the courtyard of the now legendary "Betsy Ross House" in 1975; however, cemetery workers found no remains under her tombstone. Bones found elsewhere in the Mt. Moriah Cemetery family plot were deemed to be hers and were re-interred in the current grave visited by tourists at the historic/tourist site of the "Betsy Ross House".
Betsy Ross postage stamp[edit]
On January 1, 1952, the U.S. Post Office issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor the 200th Anniversary/Bicentennial of her birth. It shows her presenting the new 13-striped, 13-starred flag to George Washington, with Robert Morris, and George Ross aside. The design was taken from a painting by Charles H. Weisberger, one of the founders and first secretary of the Memorial Association, who has cared for and operated the so-called Ross House. This was issued when the "Ross Legend" was still strong and accepted by many of the American public before additional historical and academic scrutiny had been done and researched.[19]
Memory and legend[edit]
Research conducted by the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. notes that the story of Betsy Ross making the first American flag for General George Washington entered into American consciousness about the time of the 1876 Centennial celebrations, with the Centennial Exposition then scheduled to be held in Philadelphia.[20] In 1870, Ross's grandson, William J. Canby, presented a research paper to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in which he claimed that his grandmother had "made with her hands the first flag" of the United States.[21] Mr. Canby said he first obtained this information from his aunt Clarissa Sydney (Claypoole) Wilson in 1857, twenty years after Betsy Ross's death. Canby dates the historic episode based on General Washington's journey to Philadelphia, in the late spring of 1776, a year before the Second Continental Congress passed the first Flag Act of June 14, 1777.[22]
In the 2008 book The Star-Spangled Banner: The Making of an American Icon, Smithsonian Institution experts point out that Canby's recounting of the event appealed to patriotic Americans then eager for stories about the Revolution and its heroes and heroines. Betsy Ross was promoted as a patriotic role model for young girls and a symbol of women's contributions to American history.[23] American historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich further explored this line of enquiry in a 2007 article, "How Betsy Ross Became Famous: Oral Tradition, Nationalism, and the Invention of History."[11]
Betsy Ross was merely one of several flag makers in Philadelphia (such as Rebecca Flower Young, who is historically documented to have made the earlier "Grand Union Flag" of 1775-1776, with the British "Union Jack" of crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, in the upper corner canton and thirteen alternating red and white stripes for the "United Colonies") for the Continental Army, along with many other ships' colors, banners, and flags which were advertised in local newspapers.
Rebecca Young's daughter Mary Young Pickersgill (1776-1857) made the famous "Star Spangled Banner" of 15 stars and stripes in 1813 begun at her house and finished on the floor of a nearby brewery, delivered to the commander of the fort the year before the famous British attack of September 12–14, 1814, on Fort McHenry in Baltimore, during the War of 1812, (receiving a government-issued receipt for the work of two flags, a large 30 by 42 foot "garrison flag" and a smaller "storm flag"), then seen by Francis Scott Key (1779-1843) and which inspired him to write the poem which later became the National Anthem, the "Star-Spangled Banner". Pickersgill's small 1793 rowhouse in still preserved in East Baltimore's Old Town neighborhood at East Pratt and Albemarle Streets and is known as the "Star-Spangled Banner Flag House". Occasionally over the decades, there has been some controversy and disagreement between the relative merits and historical accuracies of the two flag-making traditions and historical sites in Philadelphia and Baltimore. It is thought that Ross's only contribution to the flag design was to change the 6-pointed stars to the easier 5-pointed stars.[2] Other historians accept the subsequent claim by Francis Hopkinson, a member of the Continental Congress, who also designed the Great Seal of the United States as having proposed designs used for the early American flag.
Despite the accuracy or not of the historical legend, the Betsy Ross Bridge, connecting Philadelphia with Pennsauken, New Jersey, across the Delaware River is named in her honor.
- ^ a b Addie Guthrie Weaver, "The Story of Our Flag...", 2nd Edition, A. G. Weaver, publ., 1898, p. 73
- ^ a b Miller, 176
- ^ Gene Langley, "The legend and truth of Betsy Ross" The Christian Science Monitor 94.141 (6/14/2002): 22.
- ^ Lucinda Snyder Whitehurst, "Review of "The Life and Times of Betsy Ross" and "The Life and Times of Nathan Hale"," "School Library Journal", vol. 53.7 (July 2007).
- ^ Marc Leepson, "Five myths about the American flag", "The Washington Post", June 12, 2011, p. B2.
- ^ Marla Miller, Betsy Ross and the Making of America, p. 45.
- ^ a b c d e f "Betsy Ross: Her Life". ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ a b c William C. Kashatus, "Seamstress for a Revolution," in American History, vol. 37.3, (August 2002).
- ^ Kashatus, William C. ushistory.org, June 2005, "Seamstress for a Revolution". Accessed 2 February 2010.
- ^ Betsy Ross at History Resource Center, by George H. Genzmer. Website accessed 1 June 2009
- ^ a b http://common-place.org/vol-08/no-01/ulrich
- ^ Marla Miller, Betsy Ross and the Making of America, pg 151-152
- ^ Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (May 7, 2010). "Book Review — Betsy Ross and the Making of America — By Marla R. Miller — NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ^ Fischer, David Hackett (2004). "Washington's Crossing". New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517034-2.
- ^ "Betsy Ross Lived in Abington," Rydal-Meadowbrook Civic Association
- ^ Miller, Marla R. "Betsy Ross and the Making of America", p 342. Macmillan, pub. 2010.
- ^ Andrew Carr, "The Betsy Ross House," "American History", vol. 37.3, (August 2002): 23.
- ^ "Was This Her House?" at UShistory.org.
- ^ a b Smithsonian National Postal Museum
- ^ "The Star-Spangled Banner", by Lonn Taylor, Kathleen M. Kendrick, and Jeffrey L Brodie, Smithsonian Books/Collins Publishing (New York: 2008)
- ^ Buescher, John. "All Wrapped up in the Flag" Teachinghistory.org, accessed August 21, 2011.
- ^ "The History of the Flag of the United States" by William Canby
- ^ What About Betsy Ross, pp. 68–69.
- "Betsy Ross Issue". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
- Chanko, Pamela. Easy Reader Biographies: Betsy Ross: The Story of Our Flag (Easy Reader Biographies). 2007.
- Cohon, Rhody, Stacia Deutsch, and Guy Francis. Betsy Ross' Star (Blast to the Past). 2007.
- Cox, Vicki. Betsy Ross: A Flag For A Brand New Nation (Leaders of the American Revolution). 2005.
- Harker, John B. and Museum Images & Exhibits. Betsy Ross's Five Pointed Star. 2005.
- Harkins, Susan Sales and William H. Harkins. Betsy Ross (Profiles in American History) (Profiles in American History). 2006.
- Leepson,Marc. Flag: An American Biography (Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press, 2005).
- Loewen, James W., Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. 1995
- Mader, Jan. Betsy Ross (First Biographies). 2007.
- Mara, Wil. Betsy Ross (Rookie Biographies). 2006.
- Miller, Marla R. (2010). Betsy Ross and the Making of America. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ISBN 978-0-8050-8297-5.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Betsy Ross.
- Flag: An American Biography website
- Betsy Ross Homepage from ushistory.org
- "Betsy Ross". Find a Grave. Retrieved August 11, 2010.


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795 S. 3rd St. (Catherine St.) Send to Phone
215-625-0556 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
OpenDinner nightly
- Dress code: Casual
- Heart-healthy dishes
- Kid-friendly
- No Credit Cards
* Click here for rating key
Dmitri's Restaurant Review: There's absolutely no atmosphere to speak of at this Queen Village storefront restaurant, but patrons line up from five o'clock on, bottle and cash in hand, for the simple, well-priced food. Grilled fish is the specialty, and the octopus and garlicky shrimp pil-pil are locally well known, as are the steamed clams, hummus and fried meatballs with yogurt-dill dipping sauce. The grilled lamb platter is another favorite, as are the steamed seafood combination and popular Greek mixed salads with pita. Ask the staff, and they'll call you at the bar across the street when your table is ready. Other locations.
Check out the 2015 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which features the Top 40 Restaurants in the US and more.


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Avram Grant has made his first signing as West Ham United manager, snapping up Germany midfielder Thomas Hitzlsperger on a free transfer from Lazio. The 28-year-old, who has experience of English football after a four-year spell with Aston Villa, joins on a three-year deal and will complete his move on 1 July 1 when his contract with the Serie A outfit expires.
West Ham United co-owner David Sullivan believes Hitzlsperger's signing shows the Hammers are heading in the right direction after only narrowly avoiding relegation under Grant's predecessor, Gianfranco Zola, last season.
"I am delighted to welcome Thomas to the club," said Sullivan. "We had to move quickly to secure his services when he became available, especially as there was understandably so much interest in him from around Europe and back in Germany. I am especially pleased that he is excited by what we are trying to achieve here at West Ham.
"He is the first of many signings this summer. We are going to sign a mixture of exciting young talent as well as the very best senior pros who can add real strength to the squad, like Thomas. He is still a young man but has massive experience."


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A Malaysian airliner was shot down over eastern Ukraine by militants on Thursday, killing all 300 people aboard, a Ukrainian interior ministry official was quoted as saying by Interfax-Ukraine news agency. Sources say around 80 children are also dead.
According to reports, various airlines are now avoiding eastern Ukraine airspace. Meanwhile, Ukraine separatist group blames Ukraine Air Force for the incident. Pro-Russian separatists have told Russian news agency Ria that they are willing to have up to 3-day ceasefire in Ukraine to allow for recovery work at site. The US has said that they don't have their own confirmation about the incident. There are no confirmation about Indians being on board the airliner either.
I'm shocked and saddened by the Malaysian air disaster. Officials from across Whitehall are meeting to establish the facts.
— David Cameron (@David_Cameron) July 17, 2014
Russian President Vladimir Putin has sent 'deep condolences' to the Malaysian prime minister. US President Barack Obama said they will offer any kind of assistance to Malaysia.
The aircraft, which other sources said was a Boeing 777 flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, came down near the city of Donetsk, stronghold of pro-Russian rebels, Anton Gerashchenko said, adding that it was hit by a ground-to-air missile.
There was no further confirmation of the report, although Ukrainian officials said local residents had found wreckage.
A holiday crowd boarded the Malaysian Airlines in Amsterdam. Not long later 295 innocent people are killed. This is akin to a war crime.
— Sanjay Jha (@JhaSanjay) July 17, 2014
Malaysia Airlines said on its Twitter feed it had lost contact with its flight MH-17 from Amsterdam. "The last known position was over Ukrainian airspace," it said.
Malaysia Airlines has lost contact of MH17 from Amsterdam. The last known position was over Ukrainian airspace. More details to follow.
— Malaysia Airlines (@MAS) July 17, 2014
Gerashchenko was quoted as saying: "A civilian airliner travelling from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur has just been shot down by a Buk anti-aircraft system … 280 passengers and 15 crew have been killed." Indian airline carriers have been told to avoid using the Ukraine airspace.
Malaysia's Star newspaper quoting sources said the plane was "shot down" while cruising at an altitude of 30,000 feet. Ukraine Interior Ministry said 295 people are feared dead in the crash, it said.
ITAR-Tass news agency reported that the airliner flying at the altitude of over 10,000 metres was supposed to enter the Russian air space at 17:20 Moscow standard time (13:20 UTC).


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Neurology - Appointments
We accept new cases only if they are referrals from a veterinarian. This ensures that the patient is initially referred to the most appropriate service within the Veterinary Hospital. Some cases, particularly orthopedic or cardiac cases, can show very similar signs to neurologic cases. This policy is also important because once discharged from the hospital, we will need to work with the patient's veterinarian in order to provide continued, high quality care.
Appointment Hours
- New patient non-emergency appointments are made on Monday and Wednesday mornings.
- Emergency cases are seen as needed depending upon the medical condition of the patient and the daily appointment schedule.
Emergency Services
There is always a board-certified neurologist on call to provide expert consultation and, where indicated, evaluation of emergency cases that present through the Veterinary Hospital emergency service.
How Do I Get An Appointment?
Our service works on a referral only basis, so the primary veterinarian must first evaluate the patient and then contact our service directly to initiate the referral, if needed. The final arrangements for the date and time of the appointment are usually made directly with the client. We prefer to have the owner bring the patient to the neurology appointment rather than delegate this to a friend or relative, as it is often crucial to the management and outcome of the case that an accurate history be obtained. In many cases, this will involve information that only the owner is aware of.
What Will Happen at an Appointment?
For the first appointment at the Veterinary Hospital, please allow 2-3 hours. The visit will start at the admission desk where a medical record is set up for the patient.
The client and patient will be met by either a student, clinical technician or veterinarian who will then take the patient's history information. An initial review of any radiographs, bloodwork or other referral information from the primary veterinarian is also done at this time. It is the owner's responsibility to ensure that this information is conveyed to the Veterinary Hospital in time for the appointment as the primary veterinarian may not be aware of the exact date of the appointment.
A physical examination will then be performed on the patient, followed by a neurologic examination. These may be performed initially by a student, intern or visiting resident. Following this, a neurology clinician (either a neurology resident or senior neurologist) will speak with the client to review the examination findings and to make recommendations on any other specific tests that are recommended to make a precise diagnosis. Depending upon the diagnostics needed and the treatment plan prescribed, the patient may need to be hospitalized for several days.
Frequently-Asked Questions
When will the diagnostic tests be performed?
It is very important to realize that the major diagnostic tests are often run one or two days after the patient is brought to the Veterinary Hospital. This is done in order to refine exactly which tests will be required and to determine whether the patient can be safely anesthetized.
Can a diagnosis be given via a telephone consult?
Unfortunately, it is usually impossible to determine a specific diagnosis from a telephone desciption provided by the client or from the referring veterinarian. In nearly all cases, a full patient history, thorough physical and neurologic examinations, and a series of tests are needed before we can provide a diagnosis for the patient's condition.


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- Huge plastic googly eyes
- Heavy card stock
- Red, yellow, orange, and black felt
- Pool Ring
- Burlap
- Rafia
- Tan or Brown Pants
- Orange Shirt
- Fabric hook-and-loop fasteners
Use the Chica costume illustration to guide you through the steps.
- To make the crest: Cut heavy cardstock in the shape of Chica's crest and cover with red felt.
- To make the beak: Cut heavy cardstock in the shape of Chica's beak and cover with yellow felt.
- To make the head: Cut two large orange circles out of felt and glue together with crest, eyes, and beak. Velcro close.
- To make the wings: Create a felt "cape" to look like wings and velcro at the neck.
- To make the nest: Cover a small pool ring with burlap and wrap with raffia.
- To make the feet: Cover your child's shoes with orange felt.


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Centre Square
August 11, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
Overheated argument gets in way of good change in Philly drug lawHey, some Philadelphia elected officials are squabbling. Yes, I know, and the sun also rose this morning. But when bad blood gets in the way of good p...
July 28, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
What ideas would locals steal from other cities? They center around getting aroundSometimes, a little envy can be a useful thing.
July 21, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
Casey Stengel would have recognized the mess at the VAThe cascading reports of dysfunction, disarray and disastrous failure to deliver at the federal Department of Veterans Affairs remind me of a famous l...
July 14, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
Yes, LeBron, you got it right — grit is goodMy whole life, I've lived in, and loved, cities scorned by the national media. Comedian John Oliver, on his new HBO show, was the latest to chea...
July 7, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
A day at the beach reminds why action on climate change comes so slowlyA couple of weekends ago, I spent a pleasant two days in Cape May.
June 30, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
The no-new-taxes pledge nears its sell-by dateSince taking office, Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Corbett has prided himself on getting state budgets done on time, unlike his "slovenly" predecess...
June 23, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
What amenity from another city would you love to bring back home?You've likely had this moment. You're in another city, on business or pleasure. Could be Boston, could be Austin, could be Barcelona. You n...
June 17, 2014 | CENTRE SQUARE BLOG
Talking about urban gateways, and how to groom and use themOn Netflix, orange is the new black. Along the Philadelphia's Schuylkill Expressway, orange is the new "what the heck is that?"


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Valley City Public School superintendent Dean Koppelman gave a start of the school year report Monday during the school board's regular meeting.
The board addressed technology updates, including a new speaker system at Hanna Field, and two positions still needing filled, the nutrition services director and a family and consumer sciences teacher.
Read more in Wednesday's Times-Record.
On Thursday, the Valley City Public Schools will conduct its 2013-14 baseline concussion management tests for 10th graders who plan to participate in fall sports as well as any new students in grades 9-12 who plan to participate in fall sports.
Testing will run from 10 to 11 a.m. Students should report to the computer lab by 10 a.m.
Testing for seventh graders and new junior high students who plan to participate in fall sports will be held on Thursday, Aug. 22 from 2:30 to 3:30 p.m. in the junior high computer lab.
An accident Wednesday morning in southern Barnes County east of Litchville claimed the lives of two people.
The accident occurred at about 9 a.m. at the intersection of North Dakota Highway 1 and North Dakota Highway 46. A semi going eastbound on highway 46 failed to stop at the intersection of highway 1. A northbound truck struck the eastbound truck, according to the North Dakota Highway Patrol. Both trucks came to rest in the northeast ditch of the interchange. Both drivers died on the scene. One driver was wearing seatbelts while the other was not.


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Feb. 15, 2009
BOSTON, Mass. - In the weight throw, senior Stephen Mandravelis (Nashua, N.H.) had a distance of 15.03 meters which was good enough for a 17th place finish, while in the shot put, senior Jonathan Medeiros (New Bedford, Mass.) finished in 18th place with a throw of 13.73 meters, to lead the Holy Cross men's indoor track and field team at the Valentine Invitational, held at Boston University. No team scores were kept at the meet.
Senior Sebastian Fidelus (Jersey City, N.J.) finished in 26th place in the 500 meter dash with a time of 1:06.35, while in the 3,000 meter run, junior Kyle Rougeot (Torrington, Conn.) placed 47th with a time of 8:40.87. Junior Chase Kennedy (Marblehead, Mass.) finished in 56th in the 400 meter dash with a time of 50.22. Senior Andrew Maggio (Chelmsford, Mass.) had a time of 22.87 in the 200 meter dash which was good for a 61st place finish. In the 800 meter run, senior Stephen Schoenberger (North Hampton, N.H.) finished in 61st with a time of 1:58.36, while freshman Stephen Madsen (New Providence, N.J.) placed 85th with a time of 1:59.83.
Freshman Thomas Martin (Sutton, Mass.) finished in 18th place in the triple jump with a distance of 12.11 meters. Sophomore Kenneth McKenna (Ossining, N.Y.) placed 20th in the shot put with a throw of 13.34 meters, while he also earned a 23rd place finish in the weight throw with a distance of 14.02 meters.
The Crusaders return to action when they will compete in the Patriot League Championship from Feb. 20-22 in Annapolis, Md.


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Every time GM gets close to releasing the new generation of the Corvette and begins to build concept cars like the 1965 Mako Shark II, the rumor mill begins to go full throttle. Just take a look at how ramped speculation has become with the C7 generation that is due to come out in the next couple of years. But for all the speculation that goes on, GM remains tight lipped about what will be what.
There are times however, that GM will hide their new design ideas right in front of the world. When this happens they simply neither confirm nor deny anything or they will lead the Corvette Nation down a path of false promises and misdirection.
In the case of what would eventually become the "Stingray" the cues were indeed hidden in plain sight in the form of the 1965 Mako Shark II concept. While the finished product of the 1968 Corvette was different in many ways there was simply no denying the fact that the C3 generation of the Corvette was getting all of its ideas from the Mako Shark II Concept.
The 1965 Mako Shark II concept was so popular when it first appeared at car shows that it had the entire Corvette faithful buzzing and many practically demanding that the brass at GM put the car into production. Bill Mitchell and Larry Shinoda had created two Mako concepts for showcasing; one was a full runner and the other was only a mock up. The only difference between the two was that the mock up had massive side pipes and some other showcasing goodies and the runner did not.
The concept car seemed to take styling hints from an actual Mako shark which would explain the name. Mitchell had caught a massive Mako shark on a fishing expedition earlier and Shinoda was fascinated by the picture and the tough looking sea creature and incorporated many of the shark's features into the prototype car.
As GM likes to do, the concept Mako Shark II also had something that would be used in the upcoming model year's production. Distinct lettering on the hood hinted that a brand new engine was in the works and in fact it was the Mark IV big block that powered the concept and would also power the next model year of the Vette.
When the 1968 Corvette came out the end result was basically the same as the 1965 Mako Shark II concept, at least from the belt line down. The overall shaping of the two was similar, but the Corvette of 1968 had softer contours.
For all the hype that the 1965 Mako Shark II created no one was prepared for such a similar new generation of the Corvette to come out. But that's what makes speculating so interesting and fun. Many conjured up their idea of what the C3 would look like but few thought that GM had already given them a practical actual taste of the real thing in 1965. When 1968 rolled around some may have loved the new Vette and some maybe didn't like it so much, but what was to follow was the longest running generation of the Corvette that would see many highs and lows but prove to stand the test of time.
Once again GM has come out with a concept car in the 2009 Stingray and many are speculating that this will be the new Vette. GM is saying no, but then again they say maybe just a little bit. Either way let the rumors continue and in the end only time will tell if GM hid the new generation in plain sight like they did with the 1965 Mako Shark II concept or if they go in a totally different direction.


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Awaken, refresh, and renew your spiritual life through involvement in Huntingdon Campus Ministries, where you will find a place of support as you face new ideas about the world, as well as a safe space to consider matters of faith.
Campus Ministries Worship Services
- Chapel, offered weekly Wednesdays during the academic year, 11:45 a.m.–12:05 p.m., in Jean Rodgers Chapel, Flowers Hall second floor
- Tuesday Night Worship (TNW), offered weekly Tuesdays during the academic year, 8:45 p.m., in Leo J. Drum Jr. Theater, Cloverdale Campus
- Nights of Worship (NOW), offered on selected evenings throughout the academic year
Campus Ministries brings students together for fellowship, explores discipleship, engages students and faculty in discussion over The Big Questions, offers leadership roles, connects student with local churches for worship and internship opportunities, and encourages students along their faith journeys, and works with students who feel called to ministry vocations.
Explore these pages to learn more about the many ways Huntingdon Campus Ministries can enrich your life. To learn even more about Huntingdon Campus Ministries, visit hccampusministries.com.
- #WhyImUM video, produced by Huntingdon Campus Ministries and Huntingdon College United Methodist pre-seminary students


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Baauer is finally sued for using uncleared samples in "Harlem Shake;" Sweet Brown's suing Apple for using her news interview for capital gains; and expectant couples ask for handouts on Indiegogo. Is there anything that can pull us out of this dystopic news bog? Free Marvel comics are a start.


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By Bernice Sosa-Izquierdo Menudo. Upon hearing the word, some may think of a traditional Mexican dish, while others may envision loose pocket change. Me? I think of the all Puerto Rican boy band created a year after my birth, exploding throughout Latin America, the Caribbean and the States in the 80's. They were my first […]Continue reading
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By Efrain Nieves Nuestro sabor Latino, the food and taste that drives us crazy come dinner time. I remember my mother calling out my name "Junito, ven a comer." I ran to those words with thoughts of arroz con habichuelas, pollo frito or chuletas. The side dish often included either maduros or tostones that watered my […]Continue reading


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Livingstone returned to England (1864) and with his brother Charles wrote The Zambezi and Its Tributaries (1865). In 1866 he returned to Africa to seek the source of the Nile. He discovered lakes Mweru and Bangweula and in 1871 reached the Lualaba tributary of the Congo River. Sickness compelled his return to Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika, where the journalist H. M. Stanley found him in 1871. Unable to persuade Livingstone to leave, Stanley joined him on a journey (1871-72) to the north end of Lake Tanganyika. In 1873 Livingstone died in the village of Chief Chitambo. African followers carried his body to the coast; it was sent to England and buried in Westminster Abbey. Livingstone's last journals were edited by Horace Waller (1874).
There are some 100 biographies of Livingstone; among them are those by J. Simmons (1955, repr. 1962), G. Martelli (1970), T. Jeal (1973), and O. Ransford (1978).
Perhaps one of the most popular national heroes of the late-nineteenth century in Victorian Britain, Livingstone had a mythic status, which operated on a number of interconnected levels: that of Protestant missionary martyr, that of working-class "rags to riches" inspirational story, that of scientific investigator and explorer, that of imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader and advocate of commercial empire.
His fame as an explorer helped drive forward the obsession with discovering the sources of the Nile River that formed the culmination of the classic period of European geographical discovery and colonial penetration of the African continent. At the same time his missionary travels, "disappearance" and death in Africa, and subsequent glorification as posthumous national hero in 1874 led to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European "Scramble for Africa."
Other significant influences in his early life were Thomas Burke, a Blantyre evangelist and David Hogg, his Sunday School teacher. At age nineteen David and his father left the Church of Scotland for a local Congregational church, influenced by preachers like Ralph Wardlaw who denied predestinatarian limitations on salvation. Influenced by American revivalistic teachings, Livingstone's reading of the missionary Karl Gützlaff's "Appeal to the Churches of Britain and America on behalf of China" enabled him to persuade his father that medical study could advance religious ends.
Livingstone's experience from age ten to twenty-six in H. Montieth's Blantyre cotton mill, first as a piecer, later as a spinner was also important. Necessary to support his impoverished family, this work was monotonous but gave him persistence, endurance, and a natural empathy with all who labour, as expressed by lines he used to hum from the egalitarian Rabbie Burns song: "When man to man, the world o'er / Shall brothers be for a' that"..
Livingstone hoped to go to China as a missionary, but the First Opium War broke out in September 1839 and the LMS suggested the West Indies instead. In 1840, while continuing his medical studies in London, Livingstone met LMS missionary Robert Moffat, on leave from Kuruman, a missionary outpost in South Africa, north of the Orange River. Excited by Moffat's vision of expanding missionary work northwards, and influenced by abolitionist T.F. Buxton's arguments that the African slave trade might be destroyed through the influence of "legitimate trade" and the spread of Christianity; Livingstone focused his ambitions on Southern Africa. He was deeply influenced by Moffat's judgement that he was the right person to go to the vast plains to the north of Bechuanaland, where he had glimpsed "the smoke of a thousand villages, where no missionary had ever been".
Robert Moffat arrived in Kuruman with his family in December 1843, and shortly afterward Livingstone married Moffat's eldest daughter Mary on 2 January 1845. She was also Scottish but had lived in Africa since she was four. After falling out with Edwards he moved to an out-station at Chonuane among the Kwena under chief Sechele, and finally moved with the Kwena to Kolobeng in 1847 under pressure of drought. Mary travelled with Livingstone for a brief time at his insistence, despite her pregnancy and the protests of the Moffats. She gave birth to a daughter, Agnes, in May 1847, and at Kolobeng began an infant's school while Livingstone worked on a philological analysis of the Setswana language, in which he had become fluent. The first and only Christian convert of Livingstone's career was made in Kolobeng when Sechele was baptized after renouncing all but his senior wife, although he was later denied communion after he took back one of his previous wives. Livingstone always emphasized the importance of understanding local custom and belief as well as the necessity of encouraging Africans to proselytize, however he always had acute difficulties finding converts he considered suited for training to be missionaries. Livingstone grew increasingly frustrated with settled missionary strategies and more willing to imagine more unconventional missionary methods. As Livingstone began to plan for new missionary initiatives, he recognized the difficulties presented by his growing family, and in 1849 he sent his family (now including daughter Agnes and sons Robert and Thomas) back to Kuruman as he planned further inland travels. Later Mary and David's family returned to England, but came to Africa again on the Zambezi Expedition.
Livingstone was one of the first Westerners to make a transcontinental journey across Africa, Luanda on the Atlantic to Quelimane on the Indian Ocean near the mouth of the Zambezi, in 1854-56. Despite attempts especially by the Portuguese, the great peninsula of central and southern Africa had not been crossed by Europeans at that latitude owing to their susceptibility to malaria, dysentery and sleeping sickness which was prevalent in the interior and which also prevented use of draught animals (oxen and horses), as well as to the opposition of powerful chiefs and tribes, such as the Lozi, and the Lunda of Mwata Kazembe.
The qualities and approaches which gave Livingstone an advantage as an explorer were that he usually travelled lightly, and he had an ability to reassure chiefs that he was not a threat. Other expeditions had dozens of soldiers armed with rifles and scores of porters carrying supplies, and were seen as military incursions or were mistaken for slave-raiding parties. Livingstone on the other hand travelled on most of his journeys with a few servants and porters, bartering for supplies along the way, with a couple of guns for protection. He preached a Christian message but did not force it on unwilling ears; he understood the ways of local chiefs and successfully negotiated passage through their territory, and was often hospitably received and aided, even by Mwata Kazembe.
Livingstone was a proponent of trade and Christian missions to be established in central Africa. His motto, inscribed in the base of the statue to him at Victoria Falls, was "Christianity, Commerce and Civilisation." At this time he believed the key to achieving these goals was the navigation of the Zambezi River as a Christian commercial highway into the interior. He returned to Britain to try to garner support for his ideas, and to publish a book on his travels which brought him fame as one of the leading explorers of the age.
Believing he had a spiritual calling for exploration rather than mission work, and encouraged by the response in Britain to his discoveries and support for future expeditions, in 1857 he resigned from the London Missionary Society.
The expedition lasted from March 1858 until the middle of 1864. Livingstone was an inexperienced leader and had trouble managing a large-scale project. The artist Thomas Baines was dismissed from the expedition on charges (which he vigorously denied) of theft. Livingstone's wife Mary died on 29 April 1863 of malaria, but Livingstone continued to explore, eventually returning home in 1864 after the government ordered the recall of the Expedition. The Zambezi Expedition was castigated as a failure in many newspapers of the time, and Livingstone experienced great difficulty in raising funds further to explore Africa. Nevertheless, the scientists appointed to work under Livingstone, John Kirk, Charles Meller, and Richard Thornton did contribute large collections of botanic, ecological, geological and ethnographic material to scientific institutions in the UK.
Livingstone was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society of London and was made a fellow of the society, with which he had a strong association for the rest of his life.
"And if my disclosures regarding the terrible Ujijian slavery should lead to the suppression of the East Coast slave trade, I shall regard that as a greater matter by far than the discovery of all the Nile sources together" - Livingstone in a letter to the editor of the New York Herald.
Livingstone's letters, books and journals did stir up public support for the abolition of slavery. However he became humiliatingly dependent for assistance on the very slave-traders whom he wanted to put out of business. Because he was a poor leader of his peers, he ended up on his last expedition as an individualist explorer with servants and porters but no expert support around him. At the same time he did not use the brutal methods of maverick explorers such as Stanley to keep his retinue of porters in line and his supplies secure. For these reasons from 1867 onwards he accepted help and hospitality from Mohamad Bogharib and Mohamad bin Saleh (also known as Mpamari), traders who kept and traded in slaves, as he recounts in his journals. They in turn benefited from Livingstone's influence with local people, which facilitated Mpamari's release from bondage to Mwata Kazembe.
Livingstone was also furious to discover some of the replacement porters sent at his request from Ujiji were slaves.
Livingstone completely lost contact with the outside world for six years and was ill for most of the last four years of his life. Only one of his 44 letter dispatches made it to Zanzibar. Henry Morton Stanley, who had been sent to find him by the New York Herald newspaper in 1869, found Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika on 10 November 1871, greeting him with the now famous words "Dr Livingstone, I presume?" These famous words may be a fabrication, as Stanley has torn out the pages of this encounter in his diary. Even Livingstone's account of this encounter doesn't mention these words. However, the phrase appears in a New York Herald editorial dated 10 August 1872 and the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography both quote it without questioning its validity.
A possibly apocryphal story is included in Presidential Elections by Paul F. Boller, Jr. (1985). The story goes that Stanley told Livingstone what had occurred in Europe and America during his expedition; among other things he said that the 1872 U. S. presidential election campaign had begun and the Democratic Party had nominated Horace Greeley. Livingstone stopped Stanley there; he said, "You have told me curious things and wonderful, but there is a limit--when you tell me the Democrats have nominated Greeley for President I am hanged if I will believe it."
Some in Burundi claim the famous meeting took place 12 km south of Bujumbura at the spot marked by the Livingstone-Stanley Monument, Mugere, but that marks a visit they made 15 days after their first meeting - see linked article for references - on their joint exploration of the north end of Lake Tanganyika, which ended when Stanley left in March the next year.
Despite Stanley's urgings, Livingstone was determined not to leave Africa until his mission was complete. His illness made him confused and he had judgment difficulties at the end of his life. He explored the Lualaba and failing to find connections to the Nile, returned to Lake Bangweulu and its swamps to explore possible rivers flowing out northwards.
David Livingstone died in that area in Chief Chitambo's village at Ilala southeast of Lake Bangweulu in Zambia, on 1 May 1873 from malaria and internal bleeding caused by dysentery. He took his final breaths while kneeling in prayer at his bedside. (His journal indicates that the date of his death would have been 1 May, but his attendants noted the date as 4 May, which they carved on a tree and later reported; this is the date on his grave.) Livingstone's heart was buried under a Mvula tree near the spot where he died, now the site of the Livingstone Memorial. His body together with his journal was carried over a thousand miles by his loyal attendants Chuma and Susi, and was returned to Britain for burial in Westminster Abbey.
His reputation was rehabilitated by Stanley and his newspaper, and by the loyalty of Livingstone's servants whose long journey with his body inspired wonder. The publication of his last journal revealed stubborn determination in the face of suffering.
He had made geographical discoveries for European knowledge. He inspired abolitionists of the slave trade, explorers and missionaries. He opened up Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and health care for Africans, and trade by the African Lakes Company. He was held in some esteem by many African chiefs and local people and his name facilitated relations between them and the British.
Partly as a result, within fifty years of his death, colonial rule was established in Africa and white settlement was encouraged to extend further into the interior.
On the other hand, within a further fifty years after that, two other aspects of his legacy paradoxically helped end the colonial era in Africa without excessive bloodshed. Livingstone was part of an evangelical and nonconformist movement in Britain which during the 19th century changed the national mindset from the notion of a divine right to rule 'lesser races', to ethical ideas in foreign policy which, with other factors, contributed to the end the British Empire. Secondly, Africans educated in mission schools founded by people inspired by Livingstone were at the forefront of national independence movements in central, eastern and southern Africa.