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While we were surprised to hear that the New York State Commission on Property Tax Relief recommended that neighboring schools with smaller populations consolidate to give relief to taxpayers, we must say that we aren't opposed to the idea. We are not talking, however, about the combining of students among schools. We are simply talking about consolidation of resources and some of the administration.
This kind of consolidation for schools is an important issue that is coming up for districts across the country; but it's a complicated one. For lower level administrators who put 100 percent into their jobs and work as hard as they can for small salaries, we applaud you. On the other hand, for those administrators who rely on the underdogs to do most of the work and continue to get paid high salaries —Â we have a problem with you. We hope that should consolidation move to the next step, it would be these administrators and the jobs they do that would be seriously examined and, if warranted, consolidated with other districts.
We should also look at the Sag Harbor School and the Bridgehampton School districts to see how they have already combined resources of personnel to save money for their taxpayers. At the same time we think that these small changes will make a difference, it is those paid the biggest bucks that we will need to carefully consider.
We also have to realize that this is a time of dire straights. The rest of the country is feeling the heat from the foreclosure, falls off the corporate ladder and big buck bailouts. We are all facing tough decisions, and many working people are seeing their wages stagnate, if not vanish altogether while their out of pocket insurance premiums rise along with property and school taxes. Should the school system, in fact, remain the only safe haven with full benefits and job security for all in this economic climate? It's a difficult conundrum, but one which may see both sides galvanizes if school budgets continue to rise as taxpayers income dwindles.
Currently, we see that a sense of community may be disappearing here as seasonal residents among us become all too familiar faces – that is not to say that we don't like the arrival of our favorite comers and goers but we are indeed seeing a dilution of our community as more and more new faces arrive. We are reluctant to see the schools become one, however some of the administration and management of those schools could easily be shared by a single administrator. It makes sense to think seriously about consolidation now and spare districts the wrath of the irate resident who perceives, whether correctly or not, that there is a good deal of fat to be trimmed off the school budget.
As we learned from the superintendent of the Sag Harbor School District, consolidation is not a new trend upstate, where many schools located about as far apart from one another as Sag Harbor is to many neighboring districts, share one superintendent. When we weigh the downfalls against the gains – we are leaning towards the gains.
We believe a school truly helps define a community. We certainly think, however, that some of our schools could be combined in a number of ways so that all benefit from a cost reduction.Â


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"Body Parts" exhibition postponed
The "Body Parts" exhibition, which was scheduled to open on Friday (July 23) at the Hong Kong Science Museum, has been postponed because some of the exhibits will not be delivered to Hong Kong as scheduled, a spokesman for the museum said.
"The specimens for this exhibition will be provided by the Chinese University of Hong Kong and its partner institute," the spokesman said. The Chinese University is now seeking a replacement contribution from another institute. Once details are finalised, the Science Museum will announce the launch date for the rescheduled exhibition," the spokesman said.
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An ink jet printer uses an actuator and an oscillating pressured ink supply. A shutter is located between the ink supply and an ink ejection port, normally blocking the ink ejection port. An actuator is provided for moving the shutter mechanism on demand away from the ink ejection port so as to allow for the ejection of ink on demand from the ink ejection port. The actuator includes a thermal actuator in a coiled form constructed primarily from polytetrafluorethylene. The coil is uncoiled upon heating. The actuator includes a serpentine heater element encased in a material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The serpentine heater takes a concertina form upon heating and a thick return trace returns the actuator to its original position upon cooling.
1. A method of operating an ink jet printhead that includes a plurality of nozzle arrangements and an ink reservoir, each nozzle arrangement having:
a nozzle chamber and an ink ejection port in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber, and
a closure that is operatively positioned with respect to the ink ejection port, the closure being displaceable between open and closed positions to open and close the ink ejection port, respectively,
the ink reservoir in fluid communication with the nozzle chambers, the method comprising the steps of:
maintaining each closure in the closed position;
subjecting ink in the ink reservoir and thus each nozzle chamber to an oscillating pressure,
selectively and independently displacing each closure into the open position so that an ink droplet is ejected from the respective ink ejection port as a result of the oscillating pressure.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. An ink jet printhead chip which comprises:
a substrate,
a plurality of nozzle arrangements positioned on the substrate, each nozzle arrangement comprising
a nozzle chamber including wall and an ink ejection port defined in at least one wall in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber; and
a closure that is operatively positioned with respect to the ink ejection port, the closure being displaceable between a closed position in which the closure closes the ink ejection port and an open position in which ink ejection port is open,
an ink reservoir in fluid communication with each nozzle chamber; and
a source of oscillating pressure that imparts an oscillating pressure to ink in the reservoir, so that, when the closure is displaced into the open position, a drop of ink is ejected from the ink ejection port.
7. The printhead chip of
8. The printhead chip of
9. The printhead chip of
10. The printhead chip of
11. The printhead chip of
12. The printhead chip of
13. The printhead chip of
This application is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/855,094, filed May 14, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,123, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/112,815, filed Jul. 10, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,247,792. The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,123 is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
The following Australian provisional patent applications are hereby incorporated by cross-reference. For the purposes of location and identification, U.S. patent applications identified by their U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. (U.S. Ser. No.) are listed alongside the Australian applications from which the U.S. patent applications claim the right of priority.
Not applicable.
The present invention relates to ink jet printing and in particular provides a PTFE surface shooting shuttered oscillating pressure ink jet printer.
The present invention further relates to the field of drop on demand ink jet printing.
Many different types of printing have been invented, a large number of which are presently in use. The known forms of print have a variety of methods for marking the print media with a relevant marking media. Commonly used forms of printing include offset printing, laser printing and copying devices, dot matrix type impact printers, thermal paper printers, film recorders, thermal wax printers, dye sublimation printers and ink jet printers both of the drop on demand and continuous flow type. Each type of printer has its own advantages and problems when considering cost, speed, quality, reliability, simplicity of construction and operation etc.
In recent years, the field of ink jet printing, wherein each individual pixel of ink is derived from one or more ink nozzles has become increasingly popular primarily due to its inexpensive and versatile nature.
Many different techniques on ink jet printing have been invented. For a survey of the field, reference is made to an article by J Moore, "Non-Impact Printing: Introduction and Historical Perspective", Output Hard Copy Devices, Editors R Dubeck and S Sherr, pages 207-220 (1988).
Ink Jet printers themselves come in many different types. The utilisation of a continuous stream ink in ink jet printing appears to date back to at least 1929 wherein U.S. Pat. No. 1,941,001 by Hansell discloses a simple form of continuous stream electro-static ink jet printing.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,275 by Sweet also discloses a process of a continuous ink jet printing including the step wherein the ink jet stream is modulated by a high frequency electro-static field so as to cause drop separation. This technique is still used by several manufacturers including Elmjet and Scitex (see also U.S. Pat. No. 3,373,437 by Sweet et al)
Piezoelectric ink jet printers are also one form of commonly used ink jet printing device. Piezoelectric systems are disclosed by Kyser et. al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,946,398 (1970) which discloses a diaphragm mode of operation, by Zolten in U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,212 (1970) which discloses a squeeze mode of operation of a piezoelectric crystal, Stemme in U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,120 (1972) which discloses a bend mode of piezoelectric operation, Howkins in U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,601 which discloses a piezoelectric push mode actuation of the inkjet stream and Fischbeck in U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,590 which discloses a shear mode type of piezoelectric transducer element.
Recently, thermal ink jet printing has become an extremely popular form of ink jet printing. The ink jet printing techniques include those disclosed by Endo et al in GB 2007162 (1979) and Vaught et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,728. Both the aforementioned references disclose ink jet printing techniques rely upon the activation of an electrothermal actuator which results in the creation of a bubble in a constricted space, such as a nozzle, which thereby causes the ejection of ink from an aperture connected to the confined space onto a relevant print media. Printing devices using the electro-thermal actuator are manufactured by manufacturers such as Canon and Hewlett Packard.
As can be seen from the foregoing, many different types of printing technologies are available. Ideally, a printing technology should have a number of desirable attributes. These include inexpensive construction and operation, high speed operation, safe and continuous long term operation etc. Each technology may have its own advantages and disadvantages in the areas of cost, speed, quality, reliability, power usage, simplicity of construction operation, durability and consumables.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative form of ink jet printing using an actuator and a shuttered oscillating pressured ink supply.
In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet nozzle comprising an ink ejection port for the ejection of ink, an ink supply with an oscillating ink pressure interconnected to the ink ejection port, a shutter mechanism interconnected between the ink supply and the ink ejection port, which blocks the ink ejection port, and an actuator mechanism for moving the shutter mechanism on demand away from the ink ejection port so as to allow for the ejection of ink on demand from the ink ejection port.
In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of operating an ink jet printhead that includes a plurality of nozzle arrangements and an ink reservoir, each nozzle arrangement having:
a nozzle chamber and an ink ejection port in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber, and
a closure that is operatively positioned with respect to the ink ejection port, the closure being displaceable between open and closed positions to open and close the ink ejection port, respectively,
the ink reservoir in fluid communication with the nozzle chambers, the method comprising the steps of:
maintaining each closure in the closed position;
subjecting ink in the ink reservoir and thus each nozzle chamber to an oscillating pressure,
selectively and independently displacing each closure into the open position so that an ink droplet is ejected from the respective ink ejection port as a result of the oscillating pressure.
Further, the actuator preferably comprises a thermal actuator which is activated by the heating of one side of the actuator. Preferably the actuator has a coiled form and is uncoiled upon heating. The actuator includes a serpentine heater element encased in a material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The serpentine heater concertinas upon heating. Advantageously, the actuator includes a thick return trace for the serpentine heater element. The material in which the serpentine heater element is encased comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. The actuator is formed within a nozzle chamber which is formed on a silicon wafer and ink is supplied to the ejection port through channels etched through the silicon wafer.
Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the construction of a single ink jet nozzle in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a single ink jet nozzle constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 provides a legend of the materials indicated in FIGS. 4 to 16;
FIG. 4 to FIG. 16 illustrate sectional views of the manufacturing steps in one form of construction of an inkjet printhead nozzle; and
FIG. 17 shows a schematic, sectional end view of part of an ink jet nozzle array showing two nozzle arrangements of the array,
FIG. 18 shows the array with ink being ejected from one of the nozzle arrangements;
FIG. 19 shows a schematic side view of re-filling of the nozzle of the first nozzle arrangement; and
FIG. 20 shows operation of the array preceding commencement of ink ejection from the second of the illustrated nozzle arrangements.
In the preferred embodiment, an oscillating ink reservoir pressure is used to eject ink from ejection nozzles. Each nozzle has an associated shutter which normally blocks the nozzle. The shutter is moved away from the nozzle by an actuator whenever an ink drop is to be fired.
Turning initially to FIG. 1, there is illustrated in exploded perspective a single ink jet nozzle 10 as constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The exploded perspective illustrates a single ink jet nozzle 10. Ideally, the nozzles are formed as an array on a silicon wafer 12. The silicon wafer 12 is processed so as to have two level metal CMOS circuitry which includes metal layers and glass layers 13 and which are planarised after construction. The CMOS metal layer has a reduced aperture 14 for the access of ink from the back of silicon wafer 12 via an ink supply channel 15.
A bottom nitride layer 16 is constructed on top of the CMOS layer 13 so as to cover, protect and passivate the CMOS layer 13 from subsequent etching processes. Subsequently, there is provided a copper heater layer 18 which is sandwiched between two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layers 19,20. The copper layer 18 is connected to lower CMOS layer 13 through vias 25,26. The copper layer 18 and PTFE layers 19,20 are encapsulated within nitride borders e.g. 28 and nitride top layer 29 which includes an ink ejection port 30 in addition to a number of sacrificial etched access holes 32 which are of a smaller dimension than the ejection port 30 and are provided for allowing access of a etchant to lower sacrificial layers thereby allowing the use of the etchant in the construction of layers, 18,19,20 and 28.
Turning now to FIG. 2, there is shown a cutaway perspective view of a fully constructed ink jet nozzle 10. The ink jet nozzle uses an oscillating ink pressure to eject ink from ejection port 30. Each nozzle has an associated shutter 31 which normally blocks it. The shutter 31 is moved away from the ejection port 30 by an actuator 35 whenever an ink drop is to be fired.
The ports 30 are in communication with ink chambers which contain the actuators 35. These chambers are connected to ink supply channels 15 which are etched through the silicon wafer. The ink supply channels 15 are substantially wider than the ports 30, to reduce the fluidic resistance to the ink pressure wave. The ink channels 15 are connected to an ink reservoir. An ultrasonic transducer (for example, a piezoelectric transducer) is positioned in the reservoir. The transducer oscillates the ink pressure at approximately 100 KHz. The ink pressure oscillation is sufficient that ink drops would be ejected from the nozzle were it not blocked by the shutter 31.
The shutters are moved by a thermoelastic actuator 35. The actuators are formed as a coiled serpentine copper heater 23 embedded in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 19/20. PTFE has a very high coefficient of thermal expansion (approximately 770�10−6). The current return trace 22 from the heater 23 is also embedded in the PTFE actuator 35, the current return trace 22 is made wider than the heater trace 23 and is not serpentine. Therefore, it does not heat the PTFE as much as the serpentine heater 23 does. The serpentine heater 23 is positioned along the inside edge of the PTFE coil, and the return trace is positioned on the outside edge. When actuated, the inside edge becomes hotter than the outside edge, and expands more. This results in the actuator 35 uncoiling.
The heater layer 23 is etched in a serpentine manner both to increase its resistance, and to reduce its effective tensile strength along the length of the actuator. This is so that the low thermal expansion of the copper does not prevent the actuator from expanding according to the high thermal expansion characteristics of the PTFE.
By varying the power applied to the actuator 35, the shutter 31 can be positioned between the fully on and fully off positions. This may be used to vary the volume of the ejected drop. Drop volume control may be used either to implement a degree of continuous tone operation, to regulate the drop volume, or both.
When data signals distributed on the printhead indicate that a particular nozzle is turned on, the actuator 35 is energized, which moves the shutter 31 so that it is not blocking the ink chamber. The peak of the ink pressure variation causes the ink to be squirted out of the nozzle 30. As the ink pressure goes negative, ink is drawn back into the nozzle, causing drop break-off. The shutter 31 is kept open until the nozzle is refilled on the next positive pressure cycle. It is then shut to prevent the ink from being withdrawn from the nozzle on the next negative pressure cycle.
Each drop ejection takes two ink pressure cycles. Preferably half of the nozzles 10 should eject drops in one phase, and the other half of the nozzles should eject drops in the other phase. This minimises the pressure variations which occur due to a large number of nozzles being actuated.
Referring to FIGS. 17 to 20, the operation of the printhead is described in greater detail. The printhead comprises an array of nozzle arrangements or nozzles 10, two of which are shown as 10.1 and 10.2 in FIG. 17. Each nozzle arrangement 10 has a chamber 58 in which its associated shutter 31 is arranged.
Each chamber 58 is in communication with an ink reservoir 60 via an ink supply channel 36. An ultrasonic transducer in the form of a piezoelectric transducer 62 is arranged n the ink reservoir 60.
As described above, each ink drop ejection takes two ink pressure cycles. The two ink pressure cycles are referred to as a phase. Half of the nozzles 10 should eject ink drops 64 (FIG. 18) in one phase with the other half of the nozzles ejecting ink drops in the other phase.
Consequently, as shown in FIG. 17 of the drawings, the shutter 31.2 of the nozzle 10.2 is in an open position while the shutter 31.1 of the nozzle 10.1 is in its closed position. It will be appreciated that the nozzle 10.2 represents all the open nozzles of the array of the printhead while the nozzle 10.1 represents all the closed nozzles of the array of the printhead.
In a first pressure cycle, the transducer 62 is displaced in the direction of arrows 66 imparting positive pressure to the ink 57 in the reservoir 60 and, via the channels 36, the chambers 58 of the nozzles 10. Due to the fact that the shutter 31.2 of the nozzle 10.2 is open, ink in the ink ejection port 30.2 bulges outwardly as shown by the meniscus 68. After a predetermined interval, the transducer 62 reverses direction to move in the direction of arrows 70 as shown in FIG. 18 of the drawings. This causes necking, as shown at 72, resulting in separation of the ink drop 64 due to a first negative going pressure cycle imparted to the ink 57.
In the second positive pressure cycle, as shown in FIG. 19 of the drawings, with the transducer moving again in the direction of arrow 66, the positive pressure applied to the ink results in a refilling of the chamber 58.2 of the nozzle 10.2. It is to be noted that the shutter 31.2 is still in an open position with the shutter 31.1 still being in a closed position. In this cycle, no ink is ejected from either nozzle 10.1 or 10.2.
Before the second negative pressure cycle, as shown in FIG. 20 of the drawings, the shutter 31.2 moves to its closed position. Then, as the transducer 62 again moves in the direction of arrows 70 to impart negative pressure to the ink 57, a slight concave meniscus 74 is formed at both ink ejection ports 30.1 and 30.2 However, due to the fact that both shutters 31.1 and 31.2 are closed, withdrawal of ink from the chambers 58.1 and 58.2 of the nozzles 10.1 and 10.2, respectively, is inhibited.
The amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer can be altered in response to the viscosity of the ink (which is typically affected by temperature), and the number of drops which are to be ejected in the current cycle. This amplitude adjustment can be used to maintain consistent drop size in varying environmental conditions.
The drop firing rate can be around 50 KHz. The ink jet head is suitable for fabrication as a monolithic page wide printhead. FIG. 2 shows a single nozzle of a 1600 dpi printhead in "up shooter" configuration.
Returning again to FIG. 1, one method of construction of the ink jet print nozzles 10 will now be described. Starting with the bottom wafer layer 12, the wafer is processed so as to add CMOS layers 13 with an aperture 14 being inserted. The nitride layer 16 is laid down on top of the CMOS layers so as to protect them from subsequent etchings.
A thin sacrificial glass layer is then laid down on top of nitride layers 16 followed by a first PTFE layer 19, the copper layer 18 and a second PTFE layer 20. Then a sacrificial glass layer is formed on top of the PTFE layer and etched to a depth of a few microns to form the nitride border regions 28. Next the top layer 29 is laid down over the sacrificial layer using the mask for forming the various holes including the processing step of forming the rim 40 on nozzle 30. The sacrificial glass is then dissolved away and the channel 15 formed through the wafer by means of utilisation of high density low pressure plasma etching such as that available from Surface Technology Systems.
One form of detailed manufacturing process which can be used to fabricate monolithic ink jet printheads operating in accordance with the principles taught by the present embodiment can proceed using the following steps:
1. Using a double sided polished wafer 12, complete drive transistors, data distribution, and timing circuits using a 0.5 micron, one poly, 2 metal CMOS process 13. The wafer is passivated with 0.1 microns of silicon nitride 16. This step is shown in FIG. 4. For clarity, these diagrams may not be to scale, and may not represent a cross section though any single plane of the nozzle. FIG. 3 is a key to representations of various materials in these manufacturing diagrams, and those of other cross referenced ink jet configurations.
2. Etch nitride and oxide down to silicon using Mask 1. This mask defines the nozzle inlet below the shutter. This step is shown in FIG. 5.
3. Deposit 3 microns of sacrificial material 50 (e.g. aluminum or photosensitive polyimide)
4. Planarize the sacrificial layer to a thickness of 1 micron over nitride. This step is shown in FIG. 6.
5. Etch the sacrificial layer using Mask 2. This mask defines the actuator anchor point 51. This step is shown in FIG. 7.
6. Deposit 1 micron of PTFE 52.
7. Etch the PTFE, nitride, and oxide down to second level metal using Mask 3. This mask defines the heater vias 25, 26. This step is shown in FIG. 8.
8. Deposit the heater 53, which is a 1 micron layer of a conductor with a low Young's modulus, for example aluminum or gold.
9. Pattern the conductor using Mask 4. This step is shown in FIG. 9.
10. Deposit 1 micron of PTFE 54.
11. Etch the PTFE down to the sacrificial layer using Mask 5. This mask defines the actuator and shutter This step is shown in FIG. 10.
12. Wafer probe. All electrical connections are complete at this point, bond pads are accessible, and the chips are not yet separated.
13. Deposit 3 microns of sacrificial material 55. Planarize using CMP
14. Etch the sacrificial material using Mask 6. This mask defines the nozzle chamber wall 28. This step is shown in FIG. 11.
15. Deposit 3 microns of PECVD glass 56.
16. Etch to a depth of (approx.) 1 micron using Mask 7. This mask defines the nozzle rim 40. This step is shown in FIG. 12.
17. Etch down to the sacrificial layer using Mask 6. This mask defines the roof of the nozzle chamber, the nozzle 30, and the sacrificial etch access holes 32. This step is shown in FIG. 13.
18. Back-etch completely through the silicon wafer (with, for example, an ASE Advanced Silicon Etcher from Surface Technology Systems) using Mask 7. This mask defines the ink inlets 15 which are etched through the wafer. The wafer is also diced by this etch. This step is shown in FIG. 14.
19. Etch the sacrificial material. The nozzle chambers are cleared, the actuators freed, and the chips are separated by this etch. This step is shown in FIG. 15.
20. Mount the printheads in their packaging, which may be a molded plastic former incorporating ink channels which supply the appropriate color ink to the ink inlets at the back of the wafer. The package also includes a piezoelectric actuator attached to the rear of the ink channels. The piezoelectric actuator provides the oscillating ink pressure required for the ink jet operation.
21. Connect the printheads to their interconnect systems. For a low profile connection with minimum disruption of airflow, TAB may be used. Wire bonding may also be used if the printer is to be operated with sufficient clearance to the paper.
22. Hydrophobize the front surface of the printheads.
23. Fill the completed printheads with ink 57 and test them. A filled nozzle is shown in FIG. 16.
It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the preferred embodiment without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
The presently disclosed ink jet printing technology is potentially suited to a wide range of printing systems including: colour and monochrome office printers, short run digital printers, high speed digital printers, offset press supplemental printers, low cost scanning printers, high speed pagewidth printers, notebook computers with inbuilt pagewidth printers, portable colour and monochrome printers, colour and monochrome copiers, colour and monochrome facsimile machines, combined printer, facsimile and copying machines, label printers, large format plotters, photograph copiers, printers for digital photographic 'minilabs', video printers, PhotoCD printers, portable printers for PDAs, wallpaper printers, indoor sign printers, billboard printers, fabric printers, camera printers and fault tolerant commercial printer arrays.
Ink Jet Technologies
The embodiments of the invention use an ink jet printer type device. Of course many different devices could be used. However presently popular ink jet printing technologies are unlikely to be suitable.
The most significant problem with thermal ink jet is power consumption. This is approximately 100 times that required for high speed, and stems from the energy-inefficient means of drop ejection. This involves the rapid boiling of water to produce a vapor bubble which expels the ink. Water has a very high heat capacity, and must be superheated in thermal ink jet applications. This leads to an efficiency of around 0.02%, from electricity input to drop momentum (and increased surface area) out.
The most significant problem with piezoelectric ink jet is size and cost. Piezoelectric crystals have a very small deflection at reasonable drive voltages, and therefore require a large area for each nozzle. Also, each piezoelectric actuator must be connected to its drive circuit on a separate substrate. This is not a significant problem at the current limit of around 300 nozzles per printhead, but is a major impediment to the fabrication of pagewidth printheads with 19,200 nozzles.
Ideally, the ink jet technologies used meet the stringent requirements of in-camera digital color printing and other high quality, high speed, low cost printing applications. To meet the requirements of digital photography, new ink jet technologies have been created. The target features include:
low power (less than 10 Watts)
high resolution capability (1,600 dpi or more)
photographic quality output
low manufacturing cost
small size (pagewidth times minimum cross section)
high speed (<2 seconds per page).
All of these features can be met or exceeded by the ink jet systems described below with differing levels of difficulty. Forty-five different ink jet technologies have been developed by the Assignee to give a wide range of choices for high volume manufacture. These technologies form part of separate applications assigned to the present Assignee as set out in the table under the heading Cross References to Related Applications.
The ink jet designs shown here are suitable for a wide range of digital printing systems, from battery powered one-time use digital cameras, through to desktop and network printers, and through to commercial printing systems.
For ease of manufacture using standard process equipment, the printhead is designed to be a monolithic 0.5 micron CMOS chip with MEMS post processing. For color photographic applications, the printhead is 100 mm long, with a width which depends upon the ink jet type. The smallest printhead designed is IJ38, which is 0.35 mm wide, giving a chip area of 35 square mm. The printheads each contain 19,200 nozzles plus data and control circuitry.
Ink is supplied to the back of the printhead by injection molded plastic ink channels. The molding requires 50 micron features, which can be created using a lithographically micromachined insert in a standard injection molding tool. Ink flows through holes etched through the wafer to the nozzle chambers fabricated on the front surface of the wafer. The printhead is connected to the camera circuitry by tape automated bonding.
Tables of Drop-on-Demand Ink Jets
Eleven important characteristics of the fundamental operation of individual ink jet nozzles have been identified. These characteristics are largely orthogonal, and so can be elucidated as an eleven dimensional matrix. Most of the eleven axes of this matrix include entries developed by the present assignee.
The following tables form the axes of an eleven dimensional table of ink jet types.
Actuator mechanism (18 types)
Basic operation mode (7 types)
Auxiliary mechanism (8 types)
Actuator amplification or modification method (17 types)
Actuator motion (19 types)
Nozzle refill method (4 types)
Method of restricting back-flow through inlet (10 types)
Nozzle clearing method (9 types)
Nozzle plate construction (9 types)
Drop ejection direction (5 types)
Ink type (7 types)
The complete eleven dimensional table represented by these axes contains 36.9 billion possible configurations of ink jet nozzle. While not all of the possible combinations result in a viable ink jet technology, many million configurations are viable. It is clearly impractical to elucidate all of the possible configurations. Instead, certain ink jet types have been investigated in detail. These are designated IJ01 to IJ45 above which matches the docket numbers in the table under the heading Cross References to Related Applications.
Other ink jet configurations can readily be derived from these forty-five examples by substituting alternative configurations along one or more of the 11 axes. Most of the IJ01 to IJ45 examples can be made into ink jet printheads with characteristics superior to any currently available ink jet technology.
Where there are prior art examples known to the inventor, one or more of these examples are listed in the examples column of the tables below. The IJ01 to IJ45 series are also listed in the examples column. In some cases, a print technology may be listed more than once in a table, where it shares characteristics with more than one entry.
Suitable applications for the ink jet technologies include: Home printers, Office network printers, Short run digital printers, Commercial print systems, Fabric printers, Pocket printers, Internet WWW printers, Video printers, Medical imaging, Wide format printers, Notebook PC printers, Fax machines, Industrial printing systems, Photocopiers, Photographic minilabs etc.
The information associated with the aforementioned 11 dimensional matrix are set out in the following tables.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


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furniture and art objects have been subjected to a barrage of
environmental conditions that may
cause deterioration. Climatic
changes, improper handling,
unsuitable placement of pieces, wood
boring insects, and improper
cleaning/ polishing techniques are
some of these.
Stephen Rosasco has been working in the field of restorationconservation of antique furniture and decorative art objects for 35 years, and has the training, education and experience to reverse malign conditions that can compromise the economic, sentimental historical, and functional value of your antique object.


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An ink sketch, rich fabrics and colourful accents make this small space dynamic.
Near the living room entrance, Worts wanted to dress up the walls without imposing too much on the room. Custom acrylic consoles keep the space airy, while graphic black and white art and a brass stool add rich visual interest.
See more interiors by Jennifer Worts in our photo gallery.
Comment Guidelines
We welcome your feedback on Houseandhome.com. H&H reserves the right to remove any unsuitable personal remarks made about the bloggers, hosts, homeowners and/or guests we feature. Please keep your comments focused on decorating, design, cooking and other lifestyle topics. Adopt a tone you would be willing to use in person and do not make slanderous remarks or use denigrating language. If you see a comment that you believe violates any of the guidelines outlined above, please click "Flag as inappropriate." Thank you.


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I purchased this package some time ago. It's been a while since I've really cracked out my M4. I went to do so tonight, and wanted to use this set. Well, it loads the bodysuit completely missing the buttock areas, nor does it seem to conform correctly to the M4.
I have uninstalled the package, gone back to my downloads, reset the download, re-downloaded the package, reinstalled it.
I get the exact same problem. Suit does not conform properly to M4, and it loads missing the buttock portions.
I have tried closing Poser down and re-opening it, in case it was just a lack of memory (I only had a single M4 and the body suit in the scene…), and I still get the same error. Body suit fails to conform correctly and the buttocks are completely gone from the suit.
What gives?


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This report is a crucial resource for industry executives and anyone looking to access key information about "THB Group Limited"
The report utilizes a wide range of primary and secondary sources, which are analyzed and presented in a consistent and easily accessible format. World Market Intelligence strictly follows a standardized research methodology to ensure high levels of data quality and these characteristics guarantee a unique report.
Report Highlights
THB Group Limited (THB), formerly THB Group plc, is an independent insurance and reinsurance broker based in the UK. It offers insurance and reinsurance broking, risk management, and underwriting services to wholesale and retail clients. The company provides a range of insurance products such as marine, transportation, aviation, motor fleet, accident and health, construction and
Author:Bill Thompsone-mailWeb: www.fastmr.comPhone: 18008448156


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The Pack. The standard 52-card pack is used.
The Layout. A column of four cards is dealt to the center of the table, slightly to the left. A column of four cards is then dealt to the right of center, leaving room between these two columns for another column. All cards are dealt face up. The player continues dealing the cards in columns of four alternately to the left and right, overlapping outward from the center with the cards already dealt. The entire pack is dealt out, so that each row on the left will contain seven cards and each row on the right, six cards. These rows form the "wings" of the tableau. (See diagram below)
Foundations. The four aces form the foundations. As each ace is released, it is moved into the center between the left and right wings of the tableau. The foundations are built up in suit and sequence.
Building. Only the outermost card of each row is available for transfer. A card may be moved onto the outer end of a row, provided that it is in descending sequence with the card there, regardless of suit. Example: The 5 may be placed on 6♦, 6♥, 6♣, or 6♠. Any available card may be placed on a space.
Object of the Game. The goal is to get all cards built onto the foundations.


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Members have to add us to conversations for us to see the PM's, in extreme cases we have to look on the server (same for any site btw), but that can only be accessed by very few people.
My god! You have server access? And you use it in extreme cases???
Well there goes my plans to use the neowin PM system to to facilitate my international underground distribution system for illegal goods. I was going to call it mafia_69...
( )


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James Kelly, Canada – 8 Feb 2011
Great place to stay with a really nice kitchen. Beds were comfortable and reggae seemed to always be playing. It is right next to a metro station and if you are not big on taking the metro you may be better off to spend a bit more per night and go for their sister hostel, Hostel Mar.


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Internet Banking Options
Central Business Bill Pay
Central Business Bill Pay allows you to process all of your business payments via the web, whether that means a single or a reoccurring payment. You can also pay an individual, a charity, or process your payroll files. Central Business Bill Pay allows you to reduce the number of paper checks you write by using secure electronic payments. You can be confident that we ensure your payments always arrive when you schedule them.
- Just $9.95 for unlimited payments
- Single payments
- Reoccurring payments
- Charity payments
- Payroll
- Bank to bank transfers
- Great for record keeping


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Real Housewives of Atlanta
Cynthia Bailey Teases "Surprise" on Real Housewives of Atlanta Reunion
Apparently, Cynthia Bailey has a big surprise for us in store when we tune in to the Real Housewives of Atlanta Season 5 reunion, and it involves … her hair!
The supermodel, who just had a birthday, received the following Tweet from Andy Cohen: "Happy Birthday and thank you for the parade of perfect hair...always! XO."
Her reply: "Thanks Andy😘Big hair surprise at the reunion😜"
Now we're dying to see for ourselves! Did she go blonde? Short and spiky pixie cut? Sinead O'Connor bald?! It's just one more reason to look forward to what's bound to be another explosive RHoA reunion.
Are you prepared for all of the annual reunion drama? Weigh in below!


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Roman Saltimbocca
November 30th 2011By Alessandra Rovati
The traditional Roman recipe for Saltimbocca (literally "jump in your mouth") uses bresaola, a type of "kosher prosciutto" made from a lean cut of beef cured in spices and salt and left to hang for a month. Until kosher bresaola or goose "prosciutto" becomes available in the States, you can replace it with good-quality Hungarian salami, very thinly sliced—but don't tell any purists, especially Romans!
Lemon Pepper Fried Chicken
September 21st 2011By Susie Fishbein
A grown-up version of chicken fingers, this recipe will please eaters of all ages. The coating is a tempura batter that works well for zucchini, red bell pepper strips, and eggplant, as well.
Chicken Pastrami Rolls
November 9th 2011By Jamie Geller
Chicken Cordon Bleu
July 24th 2011By Ahuva Staum
A staple in french cuisine is the Chicken Cordon Bleu. which is basically shnitzel with ham and cheese rolled inside. To make it kosher, we must 1st replace the ham which is easy, as Jews are known for our delicious deli, but harder to replace is the cheese, i have done that with a simple mayonnaise based dressing.


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and Early Intervention
Juvenile Detention Compliance Monitoring Unit conducts
programmatic and physical facility inspections on
the 11 county-operated detention facilities to ensure
compliance with the Manual of Standards for Juvenile
Detention Facilities (N.J.A.C. 13:92). In addition,
the Unit approves all juvenile detention construction
projects, including new and renovation projects. The
Unit also responds to problems and investigates major
incidents occurring within juvenile detention facilities
to ensure all areas of concern are addressed. Finally,
the Unit provides technical assistance to juvenile
detention facility staff and administrators regarding
physical plant, security, suicide and operation issues.


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Narrow your search
Online file-sharing sleuth will test new fingerprinting technology at sites that focus on user-generated video.
Qwest had suspended the service of 53-year-old painter accused by Hollywood of illegal file sharing. The problem was she didn't do it.
The two companies continue to blast away at each other in the press, with Viacom pointing to Google's settlement with book publishers and Google taking aim at Viacom's copyright tactics.


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- Kiss of Butter DK05
- Crushed Ice DK29
- Giggle Pink DK01
* Due to individual computer monitor limitations, colors seen here may vary slightly from actual Dutch Boy® paint colors. Visit your local Dutch Boy® product retailer to view the actual sample and confirm your color selection.
Classic Nursery
Cheerful yellow covers the walls and soft pink drapes add a touch of whimsy. Classic wooden finishes evoke a feeling of warmth and heritage.


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The path of growth is full of happiness and challenges, and through reading people can learn from the experiences of others. There may be plenty of confusion and problems along the path due to expectations from family members and schools, as well as social and cultural issues to contend with. These difficulties are usually turning points in one's growth and in helping people to understand themselves more. In a bid to encourage teenagers to read and think more, and also to treat reading as a companion alongside one's personal growth, 19 writers will share the importance of reading in one's growth during the "Meet-the-Authors 2013" programme.
This year's Meet-the-Authors talks, organised by the Hong Kong Public Libraries (HKPL) of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, will be held at various public libraries from March to November.
Under the theme "Walking on the Path of Growth", the talks are divided into three series, namely "The Soul and Me: Growth in Realising Missions and Aspirations", "The Society and Me: Growth in Caring" and "The World and Me: Growth in Holding Truth and Principles". The talks are conducted in Cantonese and admission is free.
Eight talks will be held from March to May, with speakers including engineer Mr Ho Wing-ip; teacher from Christian Zheng Sheng College Ms Leung Po-yi; mass media worker Mr Kwok Yat-ming; writer Mr Lee Yee; the Assignment Director of Phoenix Satellite Television Co, Ms Luqie Lu-mei; the lecturer of the Language Centre of Hong Kong Baptist University, Mr Mak Shu-kin; reporter Ms Chan Hiu-lui; and prose writer Ms Jewel Tsai.
In the series entitled "The Soul and Me: Growth in Realising Missions and Aspirations", Mr Ho Wing-ip will share on March 16 the experiences and fun of his trip to the Himalayas; Ms Leung Po-yi, who won a Youth Literary Award, will give a talk on March 23 based on her personal experience about how to enhance confidence by facing oneself truly; and Mr Mak Shu-kin, who grew up in Tuen Mun, will talk on May 4 about how to define interests and ability.
Personal growth and happiness are closely related to the development of society. In the series entitled "The Society and Me: Growth in Caring", authors will encourage teenagers to understand and care more about society and boost their caring. On April 13, Mr Kwok Yat-ming will discuss the concept of the "Chinese dream", as brought up by the new-generation leader Mr Xi Jinping, and how Western countries view the rise of Mainland China; and on May 11 Ms Chan Hiu-lui will speak on the sustainable development of Hong Kong.
How can people receive information objectively and also pursue the truth in flourishing networks nowadays? In the series entitled "The World and Me: Growth in Holding Truth and Principles", Mr Lee Yee will explore the past, present and future of reading on April 20 to commemorate the death of American writer Henry David Thoreau 150 years ago; Ms Luqie Lu-mei will share her opinion on Hong Kong and China on April 27; and Ms Jewel Tsai will guide readers to observe social culture through markets and food on May 18.
From September to November, other writers including Quenby and Mr Koo Wing-shun, secondary school teachers Ms Yau Yan-ni and Mr Tsoi Wai-chuen, mass media worker Mr Au Ka-lun, journalist Ms Cheung Chui-yung and others will share their reading experience during 11 different talks.
Programme details (in Chinese) are available at the HKPL website (www.hkpl.gov.hk/mta ) or on posters displayed in the libraries. For enquiries and reservation, please call 2921 2660.
Ends/Thursday, March 7, 2013
Issued at HKT 15:33


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curling rocks
The Swift Current Curling Club is hoping to bring another high profile curling event to Swift Current.
Just over one year after successfully hosting the 2010 Ford World Women's Curling Championship at the Credit Union iplex, the club announced its intention to bid on the Canadian Curling Pre-Trials "Road to the Roar" event that will take place November 2013.
The event will feature 12 mens and 12 womens teams that have qualified for the pre-trial. The Road to the Roar would narrow down the field to two men's and two women's teams that would play in the "Roar of the Rings" Olympic qualifier, which would further narrow the field down to the top mens and womens teams to represent Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.
The Road to the Rings would be played inside the hockey arena with 18 draws over five days. Swift Current Curling Club Vice-President and Publicity Director Clayton Wicks said the club has the support of the Swift Current Broncos, who would be forced out of their home facility, although they would not be as adversely affected as when they were without a playoff home in 2010.
Wicks explained why the club chose to bid on this event after choosing not to bid on events such as the 2014 Ford Women's Worlds, the 2013 Continental Cup, and the 2014 Canada Cup.
"This one's in November. It suits well with the City. We've talked to the City. The City's always been great. They're going to support almost anything we do. We've had discussions with the Broncos and they're behind us 100 percent of the way. They're basically sitting there waiting to see if we need help. They're willing to partner and the ball's in the Curling Club's court as to how we want to proceed with it, but it just works better for everything."
The Swift Current Curling Club is projecting an economic spin-off of $4 million.
The club is seeking public support for the bid and is asking the public to log on to sccurlingclub.ca to take a survey located on the homepage to assist in their preparations.
The poll gives voters four options. Early voting had 64 percent of voters choosing "I think it is a great idea." 28 percent of voters selected "I think it is a great idea and will probably volunteer to help."
Eight percent of the voters selected "I don't like the idea," while none of the voters chose the "I think the idea is horrible, why do we have curling anyway" option.


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Piazza Garibaldi, 32. Napoli
Tel: +39 081 283122
Fax: +39 081 287488
The Cavour Hotel is situated in the big Garibaldi Square . It's just 200 metres far from the Historical Centre and it takes up a very strategic position to reach the main tourist attractions such as the most beautiful churches, the Archaeological Museum, the Royal Palace, the Plebiscito Square and shops.
The hotel is close not only to the main port (and so it is very easy to reach the three islands in the bay: Capri, Ischia and Procida) but it is also very close to the railway station and so Mount Vesuvius and the archaeological sites of Pompei and Herculaneum are not so far.
In our hotel there are 90 rooms, in which there are private bathrooms, colour TV set, hairdryer, direct phone and air conditioning. There are also 14 suites with terrace.
In our restaurant, where breakfast is served, it is possible to taste typical Mediterranean dishes in an elegant and relaxing place.
The information desk is able to give tourist and cultural information to our guests to make more comfortable and interesting your stay in our thousands-year-old city.
Thanks to our professional and warm staff, the Cavour Hotel is always a constant landmark.
Hotel Cavour have an accessible agreed garage for 18 € for 24 hour.


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The New Balance Long Sleeve High Heat Jacket is a wind and water resistant half zip pullover jacket with a stretch woven shell for a full range of motion. A full back vent, side vents and ventilation at the armholes provide breathability while raglan sleeves and mesh inserts ensure a comfortable fit and mobility.
Material: 91% Polyester, 9% Spandex
New Balance Sizing Chart
We even pay for return shipping!*
* Free return shipping is not offered on team orders or drop-ship orders. Free return shipping is offered on items purchased
on or after 2/1/11. Baseball Rampage retains the right to modify or discontinue this promotion at any time. Free return shipping is limited to
a maximum of 3 return shipments in any one year period.


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Do you want to meet great single gay men in South Ogden for friendship, dating, and more? Welcome to RealJock.com, the gay men's community with gay personals and dating, gay chat and video chat, gay forums, and the latest gay men's health and fitness information. Hang out with the best gay men on the web. You can search, email, chat, video chat, and more with other gay men for free. Join Today!
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About Me: I am married with a open spouse that wants and allows me to experment with my sexuality and wants to watch and allow me to be with men. I had one experience that was so great and still think of it today and share my stores with my wife who loves to hear all about it!!!!! Its a weird relationship w...
About Guys I Want To Meet: Some one manly and who can take charge if need be!! Most important a well hung man like me!!! and can get hard and fullfill what I want!! No need to like women, but have no problem with my wife just watching us together!!! ...
Copyright © 2006-2013 RealJock, Inc. All rights reserved


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McGill's tide-turning approach to research and innovation places a renewed focus on the cultural, entrepreneurial and social life of local and global communities.
Volume 7, Number 1
What makes McGill's research unique? What common characteristics define our work and bind us together as a community? What fields will demand our attention or produce the greatest breakthroughs in the next decade? //
Read more »
Volume 6, Number 2
The idea of "building a better world" lies behind the articles that follow, and through my daily walks I've gained a new understanding about why this theme is so appropriate. It recently hit me that my routine could undergo changes, both big and small, in the coming years as the result of research being conducted at McGill today.
Read more »
Volume 6, Number 1
Aging touches everyone's life in profound ways. When I returned to Montreal from Calgary in 2010 to become VP (RIR) at McGill, I quite literally moved back home, temporarily taking up residence with my elderly parents. This was a learning experience, as I saw first-hand their needs in terms of their health, mobility and care.
Read more »
Volume 5, Number 1
At McGill, we focus on advancing the government priorities that align with our academic strengths. It's crucial work and, as Headway has shown over the past five years, McGill researchers are extremely active and successful at meeting these challenges. But that's not the whole picture.
Read The Article »
Volume 4, Number 2
There exists an image of the solitary genius, toiling day and night, pushing toward a "Eureka!" moment that will clarify deep mysteries. The parts are true enough. Research does entail long hours of hard work. Illuminating breakthroughs do strike. And having a nimble, brilliant mind certainly helps. But isolation isn't a hallmark of today's research.
Volume 2, Number 1
In recent months, McGill has celebrated new recognition of its excellence, with prominent placements in Newsweek's list of the Top 100 Global Universities and the Academic Rankings of World Universities compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University—as well as being the only Canadian university in the top 25 of the 2006 Times Higher Education Supplement's World [...]
Volume 1, Number 2
The theme of this, the second issue of Headway, is one of the most pressing questions facing mankind: what will it take to protect and nurture our planet, for the benefit of this and future generations? If I can presume to provide a one-word answer, that word would be passion—and it would be hard to [...]
Volume 1, Number 1
It gives me unequivocal pleasure to introduce McGill University's new research magazine, Headway. The choice of title plays on twin themes: the vigour and the brainpower of Canada's most research-intensive university. Through Headway, we aim to convey some of the vibrancy of the remarkable research culture at McGill. With Headway scheduled to publish just twice [...]
Volume 4, Number 1
McGill University has a strong track record of industry collaboration—in fact, the cover story of this issue of Headway looks at some of the outstanding research that has led to many successful, life-improving ventures—but we know there's much more work to be done.


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|« Back to Article
Fingernail art is on the rise
Beloved by celebs such as Rihanna and Lady Gaga, fierce fingernails are de rigueur this summer
| May 24, 2013 | Updated: May 27, 2013 8:07pm
Photo By Lou Denim/Getty Images
Lady Gaga rocked decorative black fingernails during a concert in England.
Photo By Dave Hogan/Getty Images/Stringer
Lady Gaga rocked decorative black fingernails during a concert in England.
Photo By Jon Furniss/WireImage/Contributor
Lady Gaga rocked decorative black fingernails during a concert in England.
Photo By Adrianna Williams
Snakeskin nails
Photo By Larry BusaccaCollection/Getty/Staff
Willow Smith
Photo By Courtney Rhodes/Getty Images
Lady Gaga rocked decorative black fingernails during a concert in England.
Photo By Mike CoppolaCollection/ Getty Im/Staff
Katy Perry
Photo By David LivingstonCollection/ Gett/Contributor
Photo By Jennifer Polixenni Brankin/Getty/Stringer
Snakeskin nails
Photo By Kevin MazurCollection/ WireImage/Contributor
Katy Perry
Photo By Eamonn McCormackCollection/ Gett/Stringer
LONDON, ENGLAND - FEBRUARY 18: Models wear a nail design created by CND for Michael van der Ham at London Fashion Week Autumn/Winter 2013, BFC Courtyard Showspace on February 18, 2013 Credit: Eamonn McCormackCollection/ Getty Images
Photo By Thos RobinsonCollection/Getty Im/Stringer
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 08: A manicurist paints a models nails backstage at the Band of Outsiders Spring 2013 fashion show for butter LONDON. Credit:Thos RobinsonCollection/Getty Images
For most, the phrase "nail art" conjures flashbacks to Lee Press-ons, or perhaps Peg Bundy in "Married With Children" and the late track star Florence Griffith Joyner.
So when risk-taking singers, such as Rihanna, Lady Gaga and even Adele, recently started sporting airbrushed pointy fingertips, the fashionably conservative set seemed hesitant to trade Deborah Lippmann's demure Baby Love hue for Elvira-recalling two-toned claws. Yet designating an accent nail, on the ring or index finger, keeps a manicure modern without looking like a teenybopper.
In Houston, Isle PediSpa has been customizing clients' tips with an intense gold-glitter accent paired with buff nails; try using Butter London Nail Foundation and keeping a rounded rather than square shape if you decide to indulge. If you want to punch up your own nails with a pattern, both Sally Hansen and Revlon offer mistake-proof nail strips in a plethora of prints - think lace, houndstooth and floral - that stay chip-free for 10 days. French manicure devotee? Opt for a dove gray like MAC's Coco Clay, a sky blue (NARS Thakoon polish in Kutki) or a fuchsia pink (Cosmo by Dior) instead of white tips.
The best part? When the love for designer digits dies, the trend is easily removable.


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Sprint Revising 'Premier' Upgrade Program April 1
Article Comments
Top message: Not good things from them again lately!! by landmarkcm
Replying to: Re: Err by crammy1
Re: Err
It is not a Material change it is a Benefit that is changing on sprints end. Sprint overall DOES NOT have to give this to any customer.
That is why it isnt a ETF waiveable event.
That is why it isnt a ETF waiveable event.
No replies to this message


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Two people died and several others were injured last night when a mini bus traveling from Nairobi to Makueni lost control.
The accident took place at the Katheluni shopping centre. The Bus which veered off the road hit a pedestrian and a motorcyclist. The injured were rushed to Machakos District Hospital for treatment.


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Yesterday, we told you about iFaith's latest update, which adds support for all versions of Apple's mobile operating system up to iOS 5.0.1, and recommended that users download the software, save their SHSH blobs and build a custom IPSW file for safekeeping. Now, we're going to walk you through the entire process, just so everything makes perfect sense.
(Please note: iFaith is compatible with Windows computers only; Mac users can download and save SHSH blobs using TinyUmbrella, though this program doesn't save the all-important AP ticket. Furthermore, for obvious reasons, this method won't work with the iPhone 4S.)
1 – Why you should do it
If you follow the below method, you'll have created a custom IPSW that you can "downgrade" to in the future. For example, say you update to iOS 5.1, or even some future version of iOS 5 that you really don't like (or that is "unjailbreakable"), following Apple's rules, you won't be able to install an earlier version of the iOS on your iOS device.
However, if you have a custom IPSW of iOS 5.0 or iOS 5.0.1, you'll be able to dodge the strict Apple rulebook and downgrade to this firmware file, returning to an earlier version of the iOS. A lot of the time, people downgrade in order to jailbreak (because new versions of the iOS always take a little while – be it weeks or months – to "liberate"), and having a jailbroken iOS device to them is more important than having the latest update. Even if you aren't interested in jailbreaking and don't expect to ever downgrade an iOS device, it doesn't hurt saving SHSH blobs and building a custom firmware file, just in case.
2 – Downloads
You'll need iFaith and the stock IPSW firmware file of whatever version of iOS 5 you're running. Here's the webpage for iFaith's download link. For the iOS firmware files, we recommend visiting iDownloadBlog's Downloads webpage.
Alright, once you've got everything downloaded and installed, proceed to the next step in which we discuss saving one's SHSH blobs.
3 – Saving SHSH blobs
You should have already downloaded and installed iFaith. Now connect your iPhone to your computer, open the program (as administrator) and put your iPhone into DFU mode. This can be achieved by holding the Lock button for three seconds, the Lock and Home buttons for 10 seconds, and then just the Home button for a further 10-15 seconds.
Next, click "Dump SHSH Blobs" and then "Proceed, Let's Go!"
Following this, ensure that Apple TV 2 is deselected on the prompt. Now, iFaith will find your SHSH blobs and ask you for a save location: this can be anywhere, though the best place is probably your computer's desktop. These SHSH blobs are incredibly important: back them up, even email them to yourself (as iFaith recommends!), but whatever you do, just don't lose them!
4 – Building a custom IPSW
Now you have your SHSH blobs, the next thing to do is build a custom IPSW firmware file that you can downgrade to in the future. In order to do this, re-run iFaith and stick your iPhone into DFU mode (again), and select "Build *signed* IPSW w/ Blobs." Following this, select your iOS device's stock firmware file (which you should have already downloaded), and build the custom IPSW.
In order to restore to this custom IPSW, a "pwned DFU mode" is required. Luckily, iFaith can help with this: in the program, click "Proceed" and "Start," and put your iPhone back into DFU mode. iFaith will then run iReb, which puts your iPhone into the all-important pwned DFU mode: a pop-up window will confirm that your handset is in this mode once the process has finished.
5 – Restoring to the custom IPSW
Finally, you can restore to the custom, signed IPSW you built in the above step using iTunes. Your iOS device, which should be in pwned DFU mode and already connected to your computer, will be recognized by iTunes: do not restore using the conventional method, but instead hold down SHIFT on your computer's keyboard and click the "Restore" button in the device pane in iTunes.
Now, browse for the custom firmware file you built and saved in the above step, select it and let iTunes extract and restore the firmware.
6 – You're done
Keep this custom firmware file safe, because you'll be able to downgrade to it in the future. (In fact, if the firmware file you built was iOS 5.0, you can try updating to iOS 5.0.1 and downgrading just to see if the process runs smoothly.) Hopefully, the Chronic Dev Team will give us a reason to want to downgrade to iOS 5.0 or iOS 5.0.1 with the release of an untethered jailbreak solution for these versions of the iOS.
For a video walkthrough the above process, head over to iDownloadBlog.


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From work to a cocktail party
Going from a daytime to a nighttime look can be very tricky. Especially if you don't have the time to change in between. The trick is to select dresses and accessories which, with a little bit of manipulation here and there, can be worn suitably for both the work place and the cocktail party afterward.
Below are some tips to help your look go from daytime to nighttime with ease:
A fitted blazer is perfect for everyday office wear when paired with a classic black pencil skirt and attractive pumps. But you can also wear the blazer for after-work get-together by pairing it with a smart silk top (instead of a cotton blouse), a knee-length skirt and black cork wedges (sandals).
Similarly, tailored suit is another option that can easily be carried from your office to a formal party. Today corporate casual looks allow women to wear dressy pant suits. While selecting pant suits, select classic colors such as black or chocolate, or subdued colors like beige or cream. Such colors allow you to wear your pant suits effortlessly for both daytime and nighttime wear.
Again, a little black knee-length chiffon dress, a sensible handbag and low-heel black slingbacks are perfect for a day-time professional look. But if you are to dress up for a formal evening cocktail party, how about flaunting an attractive stole, a sleek purse and high-heel shoes in all silver color with your little black chiffon dress? Coming to think of it, stylish black cork wedges (sandals) could be just as appropriate for a gorgeous summer evening as it is for your workplace.
To successfully pull off your daytime to nighttime transformation, all you need is a little bit imagination and the urge to step out in style.
Happy Partying!
Guest Blogger: Nina Ghosh Konar


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Managing endangered animals
NPS photo.
We're lucky that the Endangered Indiana Bat calls the Great Smoky Mountains home. In fact, the Park has the largest colony of winter hibernating Indiana Bats (Myotis sodalis) in Tennessee. The Indiana Bat's summer habitat includes forests of the Great Smoky Mountains and surrounding National Forests. Specifically, bats look for trees with dead and dying trees with loose bark and lots of solar exposure. They take advantage of habitat that's available on the landscape, such as pine trees that have succumbed to the southern pine beetle. Outside these protected areas, development such as new building, land clearing, logging, and mountain-top removal destroy the bat's habitat.
In 2008-2009, wildlife managers received grants from the Tallassee Fund, the National Park Service Fire Management Program Center in Boise, and the National Park Foundation to study roost (bat "bedroom") ecology of the Indiana Bat in the Park, and in the Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests that surround it. An additional grant from the Joint Fire Science Program extends this research for 3 years. The studies are especially concerned about protecting critical summer roost habitat because bat populations are slow to recover from disturbances. While adult bats rely on some disturbances, such as fires during plant growing seasons, uncontrolled burns can kill baby bats. Understanding habitat needs of bats at all life stages is critical for developing effective forest management practices such as prescribed fire. All of these studies come at a time when bat populations are being devastated by White-nose syndrome, so understanding habitat use to protect it is a priority. Read more about cave closures at Great Smoky Mountains National Park to protect the Indiana bat.
Wildlife managers are also responsible for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) and the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis), as well as their habitat. The Smokies are also home to many Species of Concern. Check the complete list of threatened and endangered species then use the back arrow to return to this page.


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Hotel SALES MANAGER Job
Descriptions: Residence Inn Albany-Airport is the leading extended stay hotel in the Albany market. We are currently seeking a Sales Manager that has a customer-minded attitude and can develop client relationships. Will also work directly with hotel staff to ensure guest satisfaction and exhibit the Residence Inn culture tha the brand is famous for. Specific duties will include: Prospecting and qualifying new business. You will pro-actively solicit new accounts for the hotel by making outside sales calls and telesales calls. Also, you will build networking opportunities and represent the hotel by being actively involved with the Chamber of Commerce, Convention and Visitors Bureau, various associations and trade show. Also, you will assist the hotel staff with training of current marketing programs, customer service, capturing leads abd referrals for extended stay business. Also, you will actively participate in Marriott revenue management meetings. Requirements: The successful candidate will be passionate about sales and will demonstrate a positive "can-do" attitude at all times with guests and associates alike. Educational requirements are a high school diploma with a college degree preferred. Additional requirements are; A minimum of 2 years of direct sales experience or related customer service position. Prior hotel industry experience is desirable but not necessary. Must be able to work independently and possess excellent organizational skills. Computer skill such s proficiency with Microsoft Office and familiarity with sales software such as Sales pro is sales is also necessary. As a member of the management team, you will be attending weekly staff meetings and performing manager on duty functions. Send resumes to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Glucosamine causes the death of pancreatic cells
High doses or prolonged use of glucosamine causes the death of pancreatic cells and could increase the risk of developing diabetes, according to a team of researchers at Université Laval's Faculty of Pharmacy. Details of this discovery were recently published on the website of the Journal of Endocrinology.
In vitro tests conducted by Professor Frédéric Picard and his team revealed that glucosamine exposure causes a significant increase in mortality in insulin-producing pancreatic cells, a phenomenon tied to the development of diabetes. Cell death rate increases with glucosamine dose and exposure time. "In our experiments, we used doses five to ten times higher than that recommended by most manufacturers, or 1,500 mg/day," stressed Professor Picard. "Previous studies showed that a significant proportion of glucosamine users up the dose hoping to increase the effects," he explained.
Picard and his team have shown that glucosamine triggers a mechanism intended to lower very high blood sugar levels. However, this reaction negatively affects SIRT1, a protein critical to cell survival. A high concentration of glucosamine diminishes the level of SIRT1, leading to cell death in the tissues where this protein is abundant, such as the pancreas.
Individuals who use large amounts of glucosamine, those who consume it for long periods, and those with little SIRT1 in their cells are therefore believed to be at greater risk of developing diabetes. In a number of mammal species, SIRT1 level diminishes with age. This phenomenon has not been shown in humans but if it were the case, the elderly—who constitute the target market for glucosamine—would be even more vulnerable.
"The key point of our work is that glucosamine can have effects that are far from harmless and should be used with great caution," concluded Professor Picard.The results obtained by Picard and his team coincide with recent studies that cast serious doubt on the effectiveness of glucosamine in treating joint problems.
Source : Université Laval
With Regards
Uday Kumar
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Re: Glucosamine causes the death of pancreatic cells
But glucosamine is absolutely necessary for sportsmen, we can't replace it.
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Chris Brown Donates 1,000 Sneakers To L.A. Kids
I bet you want see this story on Perez Hilton or TMZ! Chris Brown donated 1,000 pairs of Reebok shoes to kids during a charity event at Crenshaw Highschool in Los Angeles. Chris Brown was part of the WE US: Walk Everywhere in Unity's Shoes event raising awareness for gang reduction in L.A. communities. Breezy teamed up with L.A.'s mayor office, the Unity campaign, plus other organizations that also advocate against gang violence. 1,000 kids in Compton and Baldwin Village received a nice gift today.
Way to go Breezy! Check out more pics of Chris Brown in L.A. today advocating against gang violence…via Yazmar. He hasn't looked this happy in a long time.
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That was really nice of him!


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University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaign
Carle Cancer Center
Hematology Resource Page
Patient Resources
Factor V Leiden
V Leiden is a genetically acquired trait that can result in a thrombophilic
(hypercoaguable) state resulting in the phenomenon of activated protein
C resistance (APCR) as described below. Associated with factor V Leiden,
APCR was first described in 1993; factor V Leiden was subsequently discovered
in 1994. Over 95% of patients with APCR have factor V Leiden. Factor V Leiden's
overall impact on the coagulation cascade described below.
Mechanism of Action of Factor V Leiden:
A detailed description of the clotting process is found on the clotting information web page. The function of protein C is to inactivate factor Va and factor VIIIa (the 'a' denotes the active form). The first step in this process is the activation of thrombomodulin by thrombin. Subsequently, protein C combines with thrombomodulin in order to produce activated Protein C (see Figure 1). Activated protein C then combines with protein S on the surface of a platelet (platelets are the clotting cells that circulate in the blood and provide phospholipids to support that clotting process). Activated protein C can then degrade factor Va and factor VIIIa (see Figure 2). When one has factor V Leiden, the factor Va is resistant to the normal effects of activated protein C, thus the term activated protein C resistance. The result is that factor V Leiden is inactivated by activated protein C at a much slower rate (see Figure 3), thus leading to a thrombophilic (propensity to clot) state by having increased activity of factor V in the blood.
Epidemiology of Factor V Leiden:
Risks of Factor V Leiden:
At this time, the data available do not suggest any role between factor V Leiden and arterial thrombosis (stroke, heart attack).
The role of factor V Leiden and venous thromboembolic disease is shown in the table below. The table shows the increase in risk compared with a patient without a known thrombophilic state. Relative risk is a numerical representation of the effects of a condition or treatment on an individual. If a condition or treatment has a relative risk of 1, patients with the condition have no additional risk or benefit from those without the condition. In the studies used below, a relative risk greater than 1 shows an increased risk. For the table below, a relative risk of 4 means that individuals with that condition are 4 times as likely as similar individuals without the same condition, to develop a venous thrombotic event. Despite the increased risk, it is important to remember that the relative risk is a statistical tool to help guide clinicians and scientists and that individual persons can have increased or decreased risks. Even with a very high relative risk, there is no guarantee that a venous thrombotic event will occur.
Treatment of Factor V Leiden:
The use of long-term anticoagulation has risks associated with it (approximately a 3% chance per year of having a major hemorrhage, of which approximately 1/5 are fatal). Beginning long-term anticoagulation is influenced by the patient's overall risk of recurrent thrombosis balanced against the risks associated with long-term anticoagulation on an individual basis.
Further Information:
|*The terms heterozygous (hetero-different) and homozygous (homo-same) are terms used in genetics. The human genome contains to copies of the information. If the copies are the same, they are homozygous; if the copies are different, they are heterozygous. For example, take a protein called A. The normal genome would code for the protein as AA. This is homozygous for the normal protein. If there is a variation of the protein called a, there are two possible ways to get the a. The genome could be Aa, which is called heterozygous or the genome could be aa, which is called homozygous.


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When Should Baby Stop Drinking Bottles?
So in about a week, Stella will be ONE. She walks and "talks," even if most of it is gibberish and her main goal in life seems to be trying to get to the kitchen as fast as she can to stick her hand in the cat's food bowl.
It's disgusting. And hilarious.
Twelve months seems to be the milestone when babies transition to toddlers and a lot of those baby rules loosen or go out the window entirely. We haven't followed everything to a T (gasp! - there is a blanket in the crib) and I realize all babies develop at their own pace. But for the most part, I've paid attention to average milestones and listened to the doctors about where she should be, developmentally, each month.
I'm just having a hard time wrapping my head around when and how to start implementing certain things.
For example, at her 10-month visit, the doctor said I should be preparing her to be done with bottles and formula by 12 months, replacing them with whole milk in a sippy cup.
I'm fine with the whole milk part. In one of the many topics I had really wanted to post about but never did, I stopped breastfeeding at 8 months (at that point, I was supplementing anyway). So, transitioning her to organic cow's milk or goat's milk was something we were anxious to do. The doctor said we could start putting half in her formula bottle at 11 months, so I started mixing in goat's milk a few weeks ago after reading about how it was generally easier to digest than cow's milk. Stella had a sensitive stomach the first few months of her life, so I figured I'd go the easier route. If I tried to give her goat milk by itself, however, she'd totally refuse it.
When I tried cow's milk, she was all over it. As long as I warmed it up a bit in a cup of hot water, she greedily sucked it down, so when the last container of formula was empty, we didn't look back.
The problem is, she refuses to drink it in a cup. She loves her sippy cup, but only for water. So now, she has an 8 ounce bottle of whole milk in the morning and at night. I give her a few ounces in a sippy cup in the afternoon, but after one sip, she slaps it away dramatically. I've tried giving her the same kind of cup she drinks for water, and I've also tried giving her a different one with a straw that I only offer to her with milk. She won't drink it either way.
I'm not too concerned about this, because I know a lot of babies that still keep their morning bottle at age 2, but I'm just wondering if she'll EVER drink it out of a cup. Plus, I don't want her to develop any dental problems at a young age. Any advice on what to do?
Also, this baby cookbook I've used often over the last six months shows photos of 12-month-olds eating little finger sandwiches and big apple slices. She eats pasta and mozzarella chopped up into little pieces, but for the most part, she's still eating a lot of purees. Should I stop worrying about her choking and let her sink her teeth (she's got 8 of them) into a sandwich?
Any advice from you wise mamas out there is appreciated, as always.
*Vintage milk truck photo via Jalopy Journal
10 comments:
Have you tried straw sippies? I heard those are great for "stubborn" bottle babies.ReplyDelete
I can't believe she's almost one. I feel like you're still pregnant.
And maybe a picture of two? I want to see that pretty itty bitty!!!
cheech will be two in four weeks, and she still gets one bottle a day. we've discussed it (well, as much as you can discuss something with an almost two year old), and she knows her days are numbered (she'll be completely off by her birthday). consequently, she's taken to asking for one at all hours of the day. seeing as many kids out there nurse until 2 or even 3 years old, i felt no rush in getting her off of bottles completely. i decided to slowly wean her, and that process worked out really great for us. i like the idea of being able to reason with them a little vs. abruptly taking something away and having them be too young to understand why. i also decided to wait this long because i've enjoyed the peace and quite that bottle time has always offered me. so... i think YOU have to be ready, too.ReplyDelete
although her bottle intake went down, cheech refused to drink milk out of any sippy cup until about two months ago. we just upped her cheese and yogurt intake to make up for the lost calcium. i spoke to my mom about it, and she said that agreeing to drink milk out of a cup is usually a process, but to keep offering it to her every day. eventually, she would show interest and sure enough, she did. she'll drink two full cups of cold milk in a sippy cup now. once her last bottle is gone, i'll add on a third cup.
oh, and we were done with purees by 10 months. i just chopped up what we ate super fine for her. i noticed a SIGNIFICANT interest in solids once we made that transition.ReplyDelete
Thanks, guys!ReplyDelete
@Shannon, I've been offering her a sippy cup with a straw at lunch (different from her regular water-filled sippy cup). At first, she liked the idea, but after a few sips, she rejects it. I'll keep trying, though.
@Celia, your approach totally makes sense and makes me feel a lot better. I really like that morning quiet time with the bottle, too, and I was getting sad, feeling like I HAVE to give that up immediately, in, like, a week...which is just plain silly.
As for the purees, I'm going to start sharing our food, chopped up, much more. I've stopped pureeing home cooked meals for the most part, but if I'm running around and busy with work, I've been falling back on those Ella's Kitchen squeezies way too much lately.
- AnonymousJune 12, 2013 at 8:51 AM
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text:
Thu 26 Jan 2012
Even Though This Was A Wasted Trip To The Courthouse, No Trip On A Bike Is A Waste
Posted by Will under biking, civics, updated
[3] Comments
With tomorrow being the deadline to appear regarding the citation I received Dec. 09 during the annual Midnight Ridazz All-City Toy Ride (my multiple attempts to process it online denied due to the citation being "not found"), I pedaled down to the Metro Traffic Courthouse on South Hill Street, only to find out via the clerk there that the ticket doesn't yet exist in the system most likely due to the officer not yet entering it.
Turns out — according to the clerk (and in contradiction to my January 27 appearance date as indicated on the citation) — the officer has up to a year to register the ticket… an entire freakin' year. So basically, the trip was not only a wasted one, but on top of that since a mailed courtesy notice isn't guaranteed, the responsibility is entirely on me to keep checking the LA Superior Court website to see when it ends up in the system, and only at that point can I pay bail and request a trial by declaration. If it isn't in there by December 10, 2012, it's void.
In the meantime since tomorrow will come and go without any record of me taking any action I asked for and received a "tracer" from the clerk that at least shows I presented myself before the deadline. Trouble is it expires in 90 days, so if the end of April arrives and there's still no citation, I'll have to go back and get another tracer. And then maybe another one after that in July. And another one in October.
The one glimmer of hope in all this additional frustration is that if the ticket hasn't been entered by now there might stand a chance that it might not be entered at all. Fingers crossed, from now until December 10.
UPDATE (01.28): Guess I can uncross my fingers. A second "Notice of Correction/Proof of Service" form dated January 26 arrived in the mail today advising me that my court appearance date has been changed to March 15.
3 Responses to " Even Though This Was A Wasted Trip To The Courthouse, No Trip On A Bike Is A Waste "
Surprise, surprise, unless the police officer gets an update and decides to file the ticket, you may become delinquent to pay.
There are a lot of Jaywalking and loitering tickets out there and it is used to help suppress certain groups like midnight riders and other non popular groups.
I think you've got it backwards, philpalm: I can't be delinquent for something that's not filed. If the officer does put it into the system (and trust me, I'm checking that system EVERY DAY), I'll pay the fine and file for a trial by declaration. In the interim at least I have the "tracer" form the clerk gave me as documentation I fulfilled my obligation to appear on or before the January 27 date on the citation.
There is always the possibility that the officer involved has seen the posts about the incident and realized what a douchebag he was and decided not to pursue the matter. Or conveniently "lost" it so that he would not have to own up to being the one to turn in such a ridiculous violation.


text:
The Clemson Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CIAM2) is a partnership between Clemson University, other universities and nonprofit organizations, industry and government.
The Institute provides an integrated research and education environment. Built on a new paradigm coupling research and rapid, efficient development of new products and processes, CIAM2 supports industries and governmental agencies in retaining their global competitiveness.
Advanced materials and manufacturing are critical in creating economic wealth and growth. For example, in South Carolina approximately 25 percent of the work force in the state is involved in manufacturing products from materials, making this sector vital to the state's economic well-being.
The Institute was founded in 1999. The Institute's goal is to incorporate the broad areas of engineering and science to facilitate work in cross-disciplinary efforts, to provide hands-on research opportunities that seek industrial solutions and to enhance educational opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students through internships and industrial fellowships that promote opportunities for Clemson graduates in the industry