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Lovely lodge. Extremely clean and very well equipped. It was all just perfect for a girls weekend away.
Great weekend with the girls! ! Lodge was amazing, very clean and well equipped. Hot tub is a must
Stayed at Sherwood lodge in June for family holiday loved the lodge which we found to a really high standard and fully equipped with everything we needed. The only negative was the downstairs twin and double rooms had incredibly hard mattresses .. The one upstairs was fine. Ate at the hotel one of the nights which was very nice and good value with a special offer for two courses. Would stay again!
The lodge itself was beautiful. I have family in Mansfield so was an ideal location. The hot tub was a definite winner with us.
I was slightly dissapointed that I had to pay a £50 deposit on a 4 day visit of which has not been refunded as I left at 9am and gave the key to the receptionist. (No dirty crockery was left).
Also there was only 1 toilet roll in the lodge. I would have hoped that for such a luxury stay these little touches would have made it outstanding.
Pleasantly surprised by the location and the lodge we stayed in was just lovely. The children loved it being secluded and having lots of free space to play in.
Lovely lodge in a lovely area, hot tub amazing. Only thing we didn't realize there was not much for kids to do, you do have to drive out to places which are not to far really if you don't mind driving. Weather naff when we went so kids couldn't really play out but in the summer it would be great kids could play while you sat outside, safe for them to play. We will def return just be a bit more prepared and in the summer.
the lodge was fabulous. the surroundings were boring, nowhere to walk, nothing to explore.
Fabulous lodges immaculate- towels bedding etc like staying in a hotel. Fully and well equipped Kitchen. New hot tub since last year which is just fab. The owner is lovely and very helpful too. We will be back for a 3rd year. Thanks red brick x
Enjoyed our stay and it was good to have the bar and resteraunt facilities on site.
Two points of note however a) some of the instructions for operating the electrical equipment where missing and some of the equipments PAT testing was out of date.
Loved it& worked so well with four adults all having own bathroom
Absolutely stunning cabin stayed in lakeview definately worth the money and will be booking again :)
This is our second stay at the lodge and we love it! It is so relaxing (even with three children!) and the hot tub is a great bonus. Locally there is so much to do for families and all very close by. My only little gripes are the check in time being 4 o'clock is a little late when you're paying a lot of money to stay in the lodge...If you want a BBQ it's an extra £20...Also it was looking a little more tired than the previous year and we just hope the maintenance is kept up as the lodges are so beautiful. All that being said we will most definitely be back next year!
We all had a fantastic time! Loved the lodge
food at the restaurant was very good - not overpriced
Lodge was spacious and clean. Hot tub was excellent but could do with a side door to get to it. Very peaceful place. Not far from shops etc, staff very helpful and food in the restaurant is wonderful!


text: A Regular at the Factory #2 is a medium, cyan blue with a matte finish. It had so-so color payoff as it was powdery, so the color didn't bind well together, which gave it a slightly uneven appearance. Again, pat and pack on the eyeshadow to maximize the color and minimize the fall out–and if you have a slightly tacky base, even better. NARS Mad, Mad World #1 is darker. Milani Olympian Blue is much darker. MAC Electric Eel is slightly darker. Make Up For Ever #72 is similar. Make Up For Ever #118 is lighter. Inglot #371 is very similar. See comparison swatches.

subset: commoncrawl


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For our NOW issue fashion feature, Prime Numbers, style editors Alex and Mobolaji highlighted seven key silhouettes for winter and the designers that best realized them. To capture each look they enlisted long-time FADER photographer Jonathan Mannion. Watch a behind the scenes clip of the shoot, above, in which they pinpoint the charm of each look.
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Flat Panel Television (Up to 63"+)
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PCS2029 Flat Panel Straight Column Single Ceiling Mount is designed to thread directly into 1.5" NPT for a fast and secure LCD or plasma installation. The PCS2029 is a great solution for retrofit applications with existing columns or for new construction.
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PCS2029 Flat Panel Straight Column Single Ceiling Mount includes:
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Art F City
by Art Fag City on November 6, 2010 · 0 comments
Fresh Links!
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The Who's Who of Federal Acquisition
June 15, 2012
Federal News Radio wanted to know, who are the people in government making a real difference when it comes to acquisition? Who are the rock stars that may or may not be getting the credit they deserve for the extraordinary work they do on a daily basis?
So, we asked the experts — our readers and listeners — to nominate those people you thought deserved the most credit.
Below are two lists compiled based on your nominations and edited by Federal News Radio, as part of the special series Inside the World's Biggest Buyer.


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Head Down to the Finish Line
The hard part about writing a book, is not being able to share the quilts I'm really excited to be making! Over the last month, I've completed tops for 9 of the 10 projects in my next book, but I saved the most laborious for last. I wanted to be able to focus, and not mix things up, which I haven't done yet (knock on wood)!
The project includes some strip piecing – which I like to use a shortened stitch length for. This keeps stitches from unraveling when I cut my segments.
Any guesses as to how many half-square triangle units are here? I cut all of these with my Go! cutter last week, there's a few quarter-square triangles too. Then I spent two days of sewing to get to a … Read More »
Go! Cutter Fabric Prep
Hi friends – I hope you've had a nice weekend! We had fun celebrating Father's Day with Joe, and being a family – the best!
I was cutting a quilt top over the weekend and thought I would share my process in using the Go! Cutter. This is not how Accuquilt suggests it be done, but it works for me, and might for you too!
I've slowly collected dies for my cutter, and recently purchased the 2″ finished half square triangles. This die cuts 12 triangles per layer of fabric, and I am able to fold five layers per width of fabric. That's 60 triangles in one pass of the cutter! Getting ready to cut a ton of triangles, I measure the area of the die and cut a cardboard template about 1/2″ to 3/4″ larger than … Read More »


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Dyno Tuning
"On the dyno, you typically tune a motor by running the vehicle up to a certain load point, then increasing the load on the inertial dyno," Dan explains. "This will set the air/fuel ratio and optimize timing. You then go to the next load point and repeat the process in 500 rpm increments. The result is tuning that maximizes power, torque, and throttle-response under all driving conditions, not just WOT. The final test is thorough track and street testing to make sure the tuning works well under real world conditions."
Carb VS. EFI Tuning
Fuel injectors and carburetors achieve their objectives through different means, and they each have their pros and cons. If you have owned hot rods with both types of induction systems, understanding how each works will pay dividends when dialing in their fuel curves. "While a carburetor reacts to the actual vacuum a motor produces through mechanical means, an EFI system senses the load on the engine via throttle position sensors [TPS] and manifold absolute pressure [MAP] sensors," says Dan. "The benefit of using TPS and MAP sensors is that they allow a tuner to have much more precise control over the fuel map at different rpm and engine loads for improved drivability. On the other hand, an EFI motor with a big cam will tend to run excessively rich because of the decrease in manifold vacuum at idle and under light loads. That's why proper tuning in so important in internally modified EFI vehicles."
"One huge advantage of the Q-jet is that its spread-bore baseplate features smaller primaries, which will give you nice crisp acceleration and excellent fuel mileage," Dan says. "That's a huge plus with today's gas prices. Also, Q-jets transition very smoothly and quickly at heavy throttle, since you don't have to wait for a set of vacuum secondaries to open up. That's not to say Q-jets are necessarily better, because they definitely have their limitations, but they're more capable than many people give them credit for." For GM buffs, Jet offers a line of rebuilt Q-jets. Features include properly sized circuits, custom-calibrated metering rods and jets, new floats, choke pull-offs, throttle-shafts, and casting plugs that are sealed with epoxy to prevent leak-down. Some applications also include custom-matched needle-and-seat assemblies.
Custom Carbs
Out-of-the-box carbs do an excellent job for most applications. "More radical combinations may require a custom carburetor," says Dan. "Fortunately, Jet offers everything from Dominators to Q-jets custom-calibrated to any racing or street application." Jet's custom carbs are modified with custom-sized circuits, modified metering blocks, and premium hardware. Available options include removable air bleeds, modified floats, high-flow needle-and-seat assemblies, increased venturi diameter, modified boosters, and radiused throttle-shafts.
Seasonal Changes
Depending on what part of the country you live in, common sense says that seasonal changes in temperature might require tweaking carb calibrations. "If you're living in an area like Southern California, then you probably don't have to worry too much about seasonal changes, but if you're living in an area like Denver where temperatures can range from 90 degrees in the summer to 20 degrees in the winter, then changing your jet sizes from the stock calibration is critical," say Dan. Additionally, ignition advance shouldn't be overlooked, especially if warmer weather yields detonation issues. Running a motor overly rich to compensate for too much ignition advance is a no-no. While hotter temperatures may only require backing off the total advance a few degrees, engines generally require a greater reduction in initial advance since they see far greater loads during part-throttle, low-rpm operation.


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Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
Monday, September 8, 2003 / 3:30 PM, Building 3 Auditorium
Schneebaum Award Ceremony and Lecture
William Phillips"Time, Einstein, and the Coldest Stuff in the Universe"
ABSTRACT -- What is time? Even Einstein had a hard time answering this question, but in spite of that, we can measure time more accurately than any other quantity. Atomic clocks are the most accurate timepieces ever made, and are essential for such features of modern life as synchronization of high speed communication and the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) that guides aircraft, cars, boats, and backcountry hikers to their destinations. The limitations of atomic clocks come from the thermal motion of the atoms: hot atoms move rapidly and suffer from time shifts as predicted by Einstein's Theory of Relativity. Contrary to intuition, we can cool things by shining laser light on them. With laser cooling, we cool gases to less than one millionth of a degree above Absolute Zero. The slowly moving atoms in such a gas allow us to make even more accurate clocks, already so good that they would gain or lose only a second in 30 million years. Laser cooling has also made possible the observation of a long-standing prediction of Einstein: Bose-Einstein condensation, hailed as one of the most important recent scientific developments.
SPEAKER -- William D. Phillips was born in 1948, in Wilkes-Barre PA, and attended public schools in Pennsylvania. He received the B.S. in Physics from Juniata College in 1970 and the Ph.D. from MIT in 1976. After two years as a Chaim Weizmann postdoctoral fellow at MIT, he joined the staff of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (then the National Bureau of Standards) in 1978. He is a NIST Fellow, leader of the Laser Cooling and Trapping Group (a non-NASA link) in the Atomic Physics Division of NIST's Physics Laboratory, and is a Distinguished professor of physics at the University of Maryland, College Park. Dr. Phillips is a fellow of the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal of the U. S. Department of Commerce (1993), the Michelson Medal of the Franklin Institute (1996) and the Schawlow Prize of the American Physical Society (1998). In 1997, Dr. Phillips shared the Nobel Prize in Physics "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light".
Colloquium Committee Sponsor: Jim Heaney, Swales Aerospace, 301-902-4531
Next Week: "The Falcon Launch Vehicle -- A Starting Point for Revolutionizing Access to Space", Elon Musk, SpaceX
Engineering Colloquium home page: http://ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov


text: FIFTH SECTIONDECISIONApplication no. 7883/08R.K.against the Czech RepublicThe European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting on 27 November 2012 as a Committee composed of: Angelika Nußberger, President, André Potocki, Aleš Pejchal, judges,and Stephen Phillips, Deputy Section Registrar,Having regard to the above application lodged on 29 January 2008,Having regard to the formal declarations accepting a friendly settlement of the case,Having deliberated, decides as follows:FACTS AND PROCEDUREThe applicant, Ms R.K., is a Czech national, who was born in 1970 and lives in Most. The President granted the applicant's request for her identity not to be disclosed to the public (Rule 47 § 3). She was represented before the Court by Ms B. Bukovská, a lawyer practising in Brno.The Czech Government ("the Government") were represented by their Agent, Mr V.A. Schorm, of the Ministry of Justice.The applicant complained under Articles 3, 8 and 13 of the Convention that she had been sterilised in a public hospital without her informed consent and that no effective investigation had been carried out into her case.On 16 and 23 October 2012 respectively the Court received friendly settlement declarations signed by the parties under which the applicant agreed to waive any further claims against the Czech Republic in respect of the facts giving rise to this application against an undertaking by the Government to acknowledge that the applicant's unlawful sterilization constituted a violation of her rights protected by the Convention and pay her 10,000 euros to cover any pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage as well as costs and expenses, which will be converted into Czech korunas at the rate applicable on the date of payment, and will be free of any taxes that may be applicable. It will be payable within three months from the date of notification of the decision taken by the Court. In the event of failure to pay this sum within the said three-month period, the Government undertook to pay simple interest on it, from the expiry of that period until settlement, at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. The payment will constitute the final resolution of the case.THE LAWThe Court takes note of the friendly settlement reached between the parties. It is satisfied that the settlement is based on respect for human rights as defined in the Convention and its Protocols and finds no reasons to justify a continued examination of the application. In view of the above, it is appropriate to strike the case out of the list.For these reasons, the Court unanimouslyDecides to strike the application out of its list of cases in accordance with Article 39 of the Convention. Stephen Phillips Angelika Nußberger Deputy Registrar President


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Chapel Hill Cabernet Sauvignon 2009, Mclaren Vale
Cabernet Sauvignon
South Australia, Australia
$25.95 (965830)
Critic Reviews (2)
Community Reviews (2)
The 2009 Chapel Hill Cabernet Sauvignon is a full bodied, fruity to integrated wine, with intense, ripe aromas of blackberry, black cherry, coconut and vanilla. Tannins are refined (decant for 15 to 30 min) and the finish is long, smooth and silky. Drink now or hold upright (screw cap) for 5 or so years. My impression: BEAUTIFUL, 92 pts - correctly priced – hence a recommended buy. Unfortunately the screw cap prevents me from adding this wine to my cellar. Tasted Feb/12.
If you would like to see wines I recommend and that are still available at the LCBO, please visit this link (listed in my profile):
Visit my website www.grapeselections.com
Ripe aromatic berry fruits and rich dark chocolate are the top notes in this complex wine. Under that oak and a hint of spice.


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Yoga Retreat in Nepal
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A scintillator for use as a gamma ray or like radiation detector is composed of a single crystal of cerium-activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate having the general formulation Ce2x Lu2(1-x) SiO5. In a borehole logging application, the detector is mounted in a logging sonde with a high energy neutron source, for movement through a borehole traversing earth formations. Gamma radiation from the surrounding formations is detected and analyzed to provide information concerning hydrocarbons in the formations.
1. A gamma ray or x-ray detector, comprising: a scintillator composed of a transparent single crystal of cerium-activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate having the general formulation Ce2x Lu2(1-x) SiO5, where x is within the range of from approximately 2×10-4 to approximately 3×10-2, and
a photodetector optically coupled to the scintillator for producing an electrical signal in response to the emission of a light pulse by the scintillator.
2. The detector of claim 1 wherein x is within the range of approximately 1×10-3 to approximately 4.5×10-3.
This application is a continuation, now abandoned of application Ser. No. 254,353, filed Oct. 6, 1988.
The present invention relates to a single crystal scintillation detector for gamma rays and like radiation and, more particularly, to a single crystal scintillation detector composed of lutetium orthosilicate.
A well-known form of detector for gamma rays and like radiation (such as x-rays, cosmic rays, and energetic particles of approximately 1 KeV and above) employs a transparent single crystal, known as a scintillator, which responds to impinging radiation to emit light pulses. The light pulses are optically coupled to the input of a photomultiplier tube, which generates a voltage signal related to the number and amplitude of the light pulses received. Scintillators of this class have found wide application in various fields, such as nuclear medicine, physics, chemistry, mineral and petroleum exploration, etc.
Perhaps the most widely used type of scintillator is thallium-doped sodium iodide, NaI (Tl). Relatively inexpensive to produce and capable of providing a high light output in response to impinging radiation, NaI detectors have found general use, for example, in logging tools for oil well logging operations, where either naturally occurring or induced gamma radiation is detected to aid in the location of petroleum deposits.
Other known single crystal scintillators used for gamma ray detection include cesium iodide (sodium or thallium activated) and bismuth germanate (BGO). Organic scintillators, such as naphthalene, anthracene, stilbene and similar materials, have also been employed, particularly where very high count rates are important, although they generally are not as useful as inorganic scintillators for the detection of gamma rays.
All of the foregoing types of scintillators have one or more disadvantages as gamma ray detectors. For example, NaI scintillators have comparatively low density, and thus low radiation detection efficiency, slow scintillation decay and a large and persistent afterglow, which impair counting rate performance and lead to pulse pile-up, and are hygroscopic. Although BGO scintillators do not suffer from the low density and hygroscopicity problems of NaI scintillators, they do have a relatively slow scintillation decay time and low light output, which drops still lower at higher temperatures. The index of refraction of BGO is also relatively high, resulting in light loss by internal reflection. These and other disadvantages of known scintillators have limited their usefulness as gamma ray detectors or have imposed restrictions on the manner of their use. In the harsh conditions (high temperature, high pressure, moisture, etc.) of oil well logging, for example, restrictions in logging speed, statistical reliability, tool size and the like have resulted directly from the scintillator material employed in a given logging tool. Accordingly, efforts have long continued to develop still more useful and reliable scintillation detectors and gamma ray scintillation detectors in particular.
More recently, a gamma ray detector employing a scintillator formed of a single crystal of cerium-activated gadolinium orthosilicate (GSO) has been proposed. The GSO scintillator has the advantages as a . gamma ray detector of high effective atomic number, high density, fast scintillation decay, relatively low index of refraction, but has the disadvantages of low light output, a strong tendency to cleave which makes cutting and polishing difficult, and, more significantly, very high thermal neutron capture cross section (49,000 barns). This last characteristic strongly suggested that GSO scintillators would have very limited utility, if any, in those applications, such as many nuclear well logging tools for instance, where the gamma radiation to be detected is induced by neutron irradiation. This is because gadolinium, upon the capture of thermal neutrons, emits gamma radiation which would interfere with the detection of the external gamma rays of interest.
Such a GSO scintillator detector is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,781, issued Mar. 3, 1987, for use in positron computed tomography. There is no disclosure in the '781 patent, however, of the suitability of the GSO scintillator as a gamma ray detector in the hostile conditions of borehole logging. Indeed, it was the present inventor and his co-workers who, through experimentation and evaluation, first discerned that the GSO scintillator was useful as a borehole detector. This invention is disclosed in the copending, commonly-owned U.S. application Ser. No. 149,953 filed Feb. 2, 1988 by Charles L. Melcher et al., which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 812,220 filed Dec. 23, 1985. U.S. application Ser. No. 149,953 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,956, granted Nov. 28, 1989
Success in adapting the GSO scintillator to borehole use led the inventor to consider other rare earth compounds as possible scintillators for gamma ray (and the like) detection. As a first step, various phosphor materials were studied in powder form for initial evaluation in order to identify potential candidates for crystal growth. This initial evaluation was done using procedures similar to those described by A. H. Gomes de Mesquita et al. at pages 643-650 of Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 9, 1969, Pergamon Press, Inc., who were investigating the properties of rare-earth phosphors as their primary goal. The term phosphor as used in the Gomes de Mesquita et al. paper and as used herein refers to the fine powdered form. Such phosphors are typically used as coatings on cathode ray tube screens, fluorescent light bulbs, and the like, where they convert impinging electrons or ultraviolet radiation into visible light pulses. They are, however, not suitable as gamma ray or like radiation detectors since energetic photons or particles have high probability of passing through the thin coating with no interaction. If the coating is made sufficiently thick to stop gamma rays, the resulting opacity of the phosphor layer would trap most of the scintillation signal. Consequently, only transparent single crystals are useful as gamma ray detectors.
Although some of the physical and optical properties of the rare earth phosphors were known, their scintillation properties were not known and could not be predicted in advance because of the complex and only partially understood nature of the scintillation mechanism. For example, on the basis of atomic number, ionic radius, electronic charge, density, refractive index, and absence of absorption bands, cerium-doped ytterbium orthosilicate powder and cerium-doped lutetium orthosilicate powder would be expected to have very similar scintillation properties. In fact, however, the phosphor experiments showed that ytterbium orthosilicate has 1000 times less scintillation output compared to lutetium orthosilicate.
Moreover, it was not at all clear whether the luminescence properties or other properties of the single crystal form of a rare earth compound would be the same as those of the phosphor form. Generally, in fact, the scintillation properties of single crystal scintillators are not readily determinable or predictable with certainty in advance from the phosphors.
In accordance with the present invention, therefore, an improved scintillator for use as a gamma ray (or like radiation) detector is provided which comprises a single crystal of cerium-activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate having the general formulation Ce2x Lu2(1-x) SiO5. Generally, the value of x (as measured in the initial melt from which the crystal is pulled) may be varied within the approximate range of from 0.001 to 0.1, with the preferred range of x being from approximately 0.005 to 0.015. When assembled in a complete detector, the scintillator crystal is optically coupled, either directly or through a suitable light path, to the photosensitive surface of a photodetector for generation of an electrical signal in response to the emission of a light pulse by the scintillator. The LSO scintillator of the invention possesses certain important characteristics, most notably high light output, very short decay time and high detection efficiency, that make it superior to prior scintillators as a gamma ray or like radiation detector, particularly in the borehole logging environment.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of an LSO scintillation detector in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a borehole logging sonde in which the LSO scintillation detector of FIG. 1 may be used.
For illustrative purposes, a representative embodiment of the invention is described hereinafter in the context of a gamma ray detector. It will be understood, of course, that the utility of the novel LSO single crystal scintillator of the invention is not limited to the detection of gamma radiation but that it has general application to the detection of other types of like radiation, e.g. X-rays, cosmic rays, and energetic particles.
In FIG. 1, a single crystal LSO scintillator 10 is shown encased within the housing 12 of a gamma ray detector. One face 14 of the scintillator is placed in optical contact with the photosensitive surface of a photomultiplier tube 16. Alternatively, the light pulses could be coupled to the photomultiplier via light guides or fibers, lenses, mirrors, or the like. The photomultiplier can be replaced by any suitable photodetector such as a photodiode, microchannel plate, etc. In order to direct as much of each light flash to the photomultiplier as possible, the other faces 18 of the scintillator are preferably surrounded or covered with a reflective material, e.g. Teflon tape, magnesium oxide powder, aluminum foil, or titanium dioxide paint. Light pulses emitted by the LSO crystal upon the incidence of radiation are intercepted, either directly or upon reflection from the surfaces 18, by the photomultiplier, which generates electrical pulses or signals in response to the light pulses. These electrical output pulses are typically first amplified and then subsequently processed as desired, e.g. in a pulse height amplifier, to obtain the parameters of interest regarding the detected radiation. The photomultiplier is also connected to a high voltage power supply, as indicated in FIG. 1. Other than the LSO scintillator, all of the components and materials referred to in connection with FIG. 1 are conventional, and thus need not be described in detail.
As the first step in the evaluation of cerium-activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate Ce:Lu2 SiO5 as a scintillator, the material was synthesized in phosphor (powder) form and the scintillation properties of the resulting compound were analyzed. From this analysis, it was determined that LSO was sufficiently promising as a scintillator material to warrant the additional effort and expense of growing in single crystal form. LSO was chosen as a candidate for phosphor synthesis because of its high atomic number and high density and the absence of optical absorption bands in the visible part of the spectrum. The principal physical and optical properties of LSO are compared to those of GSO and NaI (Tl) in Table 1, from which it may be seen that LSO appears to offer advantages over GSO in all properties and over NaI (Tl) in the areas of atomic number, density, index of refraction and hygroscopicity.
TABLE 1______________________________________ NaI(Tl) GSO LSO______________________________________Effective atomic number 51 59 66Density (gm/cm3) 3.67 6.71 7.4Index of Refraction 1.85 1.91 1.82Neutron cross section (barns) 6.2 49,000 84Hygroscopic? yes no no______________________________________
As Ce-activated single crystals of LSO had not previously been grown, the scintillation properties of single-crystal LSO were unknown. Also unknown, therefore, was whether the properties of the LSO phosphor would be retained when the same material was grown into a single crystal.
The phosphor synthesis procedure consisted of the following steps:
(1) Fine powders of Ln2 O3 (Ln=Gd, Lu) SiO2 and either CeO2 or Ce2 O3 in the appropriate atomic ratios were mechanically mixed and loaded into an alumina boat. In each case the molar concentration of Ce was 0.5% relative to Gd or Lu.
(2) Each of the four compositions was sintered at 1500° C. for four hours in a tube oven in one of three atmospheres: neutral (pure argon), reducing (argon +2% hydrogen), or oxidizing (air). When a reducing atmosphere was used, a high purity alumina furnace tube was employed because the standard mullite tube was found to react with hydrogen at high temperature and contaminate the samples. The resulting material was solid and was ground into a powder for analysis.
(3) The fluorescence emission of the powder was excited with ultraviolet light and the emission and excitation spectra were recorded with a Spex Fluorolog (Model 212) spectrofluorometer. For emission measurements above room temperature, the sample chamber was continuously flushed with argon to suppress spurious fluorescence emission which occurred when the sample was heated above 100° C. in air.
Table 2 shows the intensity of the fluorescence emission measured at room temperature.
TABLE 2______________________________________GSO:CeO2 GSO:Ce2 O3 LSO:CeO2 LSO:Ce2 O3______________________________________Argon + 44 17 71 27H2air 1.8 1.6 11 28Argon 12 8.5 100 86______________________________________
(4) The fluorescence decay times of the phosphors were measured by spreading a thin layer of the phosphor on the face of a fast photomuliplier (Amperex 2020Q) and exciting the emission with an 241 Am gamma-ray source. The pulse shape was observed at the anode of the photomultiplier with a fast oscilloscope and the decay time estimated from the oscilloscope trace.
Although the synthesis conditions employed were not necessarily optimum for each phosphor, inasmuch as the emission intensity of LSO was greater than that of GSO under all six synthesis conditions (three different atmospheres and two forms of cerium), it may be concluded that LSO's scintillation efficiency is intrinsically greater. The scintillation mechanism in cerium-activated phosphors is generally assumed to involve electronic transitions (5d to 4f) within the Ce+3 ion. For this reason, it was expected that the most efficient phosphors would result from using Ce2 O3 (i.e., Ce+3) as a starting material and performing the synthesis in a slightly reducing atmosphere (Ar+H2) in order to maintain the cerium in the +3 charge state. Surprisingly, as Table 2 shows, in every case except LSO prepared in air the best phosphors were those in which Ce was added as CeO2. Also note that although the best GSO phosphors were those prepared in a reducing atmosphere, the best LSO phosphors were those prepared in a neutral atmosphere. Synthesis in air resulted in phosphors with lower light output and, more importantly, with emission spectra that differed from the single crystal emission spectrum.
Table 3 summarizes the scintillation properties of GSO and LSO phosphors, synthesized in the foregoing manner:
TABLE 3______________________________________ GSO:CeO2 LSO:CeO2______________________________________Light output 1 1.5-10Decay time 60 ns 50 nsEmission peak 430 nm 415 nmTemperature response -0.4%/°C. -1.3%/°C.______________________________________
A comparison of the physical properties (Table 2) and the scintillation properties (Table 3) of GSO and LSO show LSO to be superior to GSO in most areas. The light output of LSO is a factor of 1.5 to 10 greater than GSO depending on the synthesis conditions. This is a particularly notable advantage over GSO. A comparison of the emission spectra of the GSO:CeO2 and LSO:CeO2 phosphors synthesized in argon (with the excitation light wavelength corresponding to the strongest excitation band for each phosphor, 345 nm for GSO and 355 nm for LSO) shows the LSO emission to have a different shape and to be shifted somewhat towards the shorter wavelengths than the GSO emission. This apparent shift of the LSO spectrum, if exhibited in the single crystal form, would be advantageous since it would result in an emission that better matches the spectral response of high temperature photomultipliers.
The scintillation decay time of LSO of about 50 ns compares favorably with GSO's 60 ns. The effective atomic number of LSO is 66 compared to 59 for GSO and the density of LSO is 7.4 gm/cc compared to 6.7 gm/cc for GSO, both of which contribute to a higher radiation detection efficiency for LSO. The index of refraction of LSO is 1.82 compared to 1.91 for GSO, which results in less trapping of scintillation light. LSO is very much less sensitive to neutrons, since the thermal cross section for Lu is 77 barns compared to 49,000 barns for Gd.
The temperature response of LSO is somewhat worse than GSO. At 150° C., GSO's light output decreases to about 60% of its room temperature value, while LSO's light output decreases to about 20% of its room temperature value at 150° C. On the other hand, the emission spectrum of LSO was found to shift somewhat to shorter wavelengths than the GSO emission as temperature increased from room temperature up to 175° C. (the highest temperature measured). Again this would be advantageous in the single crystal form in terms of matching photomultiplier response.
Lutetium has a radioactive isotope (176 Lu) that produces a background noise level in the crystal. This could be eliminated by growing the crystal from pure 175 Lu, or it could be handled by conventional background subtraction techniques.
The excitation spectrum of LSO exhibits three bands (262 nm, 298 nm, and 355 nm) and is similar to the GSO excitation spectrum except that the bands are shifted to somewhat longer wavelengths.
Although the comparison of the LSO and GSO phosphors showed LSO to be a promising scintillator for use in a gamma ray detector, the properties of the single crystal form cannot be predicted with certainty. Light output, one of the most important properties of a single crystal scintillator, is especially difficult to predict from the phosphor form. In order to continue with a more detailed evaluation of the material as well as to test a practical detector, therefore, it was necessary to grow a single crystal form of LSO. This was done from melts by the conventional Czochralski method, as described, for example, by C. D. Brandle et al., "Czochralski Growth of Rare-Earth Orthosilicates (Ln2 SiO5)", Journal of Crystal Growth, No. 79, pp. 308-315, 1986.
Table 4 summarizes the scintillation properties of the LSO single crystals grown, as selected and cut to minimize imperfections. The composition of the melts was Ce2x Lu2(1-x) SiO5, where x is the decimal value of the percentage set out in Table 4 under the heading "Ce nom". Cerium concentration in the crystals was on the order of 20%-30% of that in the melt.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ light emission emission Ce output energy decay max (UV max (gammasize nom. (arbitrary res constant excitation excitation(mm) color defects (%) unit) % (ns) (nm) (nm)__________________________________________________________________________1 5 × 6 × 1 none none 1.0 156 8.8 44 395 4282 7 × 9 × 1 none few 1.3 109 12 41 395 4303 5 × 5 × 25 none none 0.7 146 11.2 44 394 4284 5 × 5 × 1 none few 0.6 104 13 38 393 426__________________________________________________________________________
Crystals 1, 2 and 4 were cut to the sizes listed from larger single crystals (5 mm×6 mm×28 mm, 7 mm×9 mm ×27 mm and 8 mm×8 mm×33 mm, respectively), but crystal 3 was the original size. All were clear of color and of high transparency, but crystals 2 and 4 had some defects. The light output was measured by coupling each crystal with optical coupling grease directly to a Hamamatsu R878 photomultiplier, with all surfaces except that coupled to the photomultiplier covered with Teflon tape (crystal 3) or titanium dioxide paint (crystals 1, 2 and 4). The scale employed for the light output measurements is expressed in arbitrary units. By comparison, on this scale the light output of a standard NaI (Tl) scintillator would be on the order of 200, and that for a standard GSO scintillator would be on the order of 40. The energy resolution was determined by using a standard cesium 137 gamma ray source. The energy resolution is expressed as the full width at half-maximum of the 662 KeV gamma ray peak. The scintillation decay time was exponential and had an average value of about 42 ns among the four crystals, as measured by the time-correlated, single photon technique.
Unexpectedly, the emission spectrum under gamma excitation was found to be different from the emission spectrum under ultraviolet excitation. The gamma emission spectrum peaked at approximately 426 nm-430 nm and was similar to the GSO emission spectrum. Also, both the gamma and ultraviolet-excited emissions exhibited a thermoluminescent effect with a half-life of about 10 minutes. The temperature response of the LSO crystals was not as good as GSO. The gamma-excited emission fell off at approximately 1.3% per degree C. Thus at 150°, the peak output is 20% of that at room temperature, which is similar to the temperature response of BGO. Accordingly, in those applications where high temperatures are anticipated, such as in certain oil well logging tools, the LSO scintillator may need to be isolated from the environment by a Dewar flask or other insulator.
Based on the data of Table 4 and previous experience with other single crystal scintillators and powder phosphors, it is expected that satisfactory LSO single crystal scintillators can be produced with cerium concentrations (in the melt from which the crystal is pulled) within the approximate range of from 0.1% to 10%, i.e., 0.001≦×≦0.1. The preferred melt cerium concentration is within the range of from approximately 0.5% to 1.5%, i.e. 0.005≦×≦0.015.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________ NaI(T1) BGO GSO LSO__________________________________________________________________________Relative light output 100 12 20 75(20° C.)signal-to-noiseEnergy resolution (best) 6% 9% 8% 9%Decay time (ns) 230 300 60 41counting rateEffective atomic no. 51 75 59 66detection eff.Density (gm/cm3) 3.67 7.13 6.71 7.4Index of refraction 1.85 2.15 1.91 1.82Hygroscopic? yes no no nopackagingMechanically rugged? no yes no yesEmission peak (nm at 20° C.) 410 480 430 428neutron cross section 6.2 2.2 49,000 84(barns)radiation length (cm) 2.6 1.1 1.4 1.1__________________________________________________________________________
Table 5 compares the principal physical and scintillation properties of the LSO single crystals with those for NaI(Tl), BGO, and GSO. With the NaI(Tl) crystal arbitrarily assigned a reference light output value of 100, it may be seen that the LSO crystal at 75 is markedly superior to the BGO and GSO crystals and only 25% below the NaI(Tl) value. The energy resolution of the LSO scintillator compares quite favorably with BGO and GSO and, again, was only slightly worse than NaI(Tl). The signal-to-noise performance of the LSO scintillator, therefore, is much improved relative to the BGO and GSO detectors. Although somewhat lower than NaI(Tl) in signal-to-noise ratio, LSO possesses other properties that are superior to NaI(Tl).
Thus the average decay time of 41 ns is shorter than any of the other three crystals and is some 5 to 6 times shorter than NaI(Tl). The LSO scintillator, therefore, is particularly useful in high counting rate detectors. LSO also has a very high gamma ray detection efficiency by virtue of its high effective atomic number and density. It is superior in this respect to both NaI(Tl) and GSO and is comparable to BGO. High detection efficiency further contributes to LSO's suitability for high counting rate applications.
Other favorable properties of LSO apparent from Table 5 include its low index of refraction, which results in less internal light loss than any of the other four scintillators. LSO is also non-hygroscopic, a particular advantage for oil well logging applications or other wet environments. Its mechanical ruggedness is superior to both NaI(Tl) and GSO, a feature which is also desirable for well logging and other uses where rough handling is encountered.
As already noted, the gamma emission peak is at approximately 428 nm, which is substantially the same as GSO and only slightly above NaI(Tl). A good match to the typical photomultiplier spectral response results. The neutron cross section is especially favorable in comparison to GSO, 84 barns vs. 49,000 barns. Hence the occurrence of interfering gamma rays due to neutron capture within the crystal is greatly reduced relative to GSO. Finally, the radiation length of LSO is as good as that of BGO and considerably shorter than either GSO or NaI, with consequent advantages in the crystal size required.
As may be appreciated from Tables 4 and 5, the LSO single crystal scintillator is comparable to or exceeds other known scintillators in nearly all properties important for use as a gamma ray detector, i.e., light output, energy resolution, efficiency of detection of high energy photons, scintillation decay time, hygroscopicity, susceptibility of crystal to mechanical damage, refractive index, emission spectrum match to photo-multiplier tube response, transparency of the crystal to its own scintillation emission, and absence of induced gamma radiation within the crystal. The only area in which LSO compares unfavorably is in the temperature sensitivity of the gamma-excited emission. In controlled environments, e.g. laboratories, hospitals, etc., this presents no problem. Even in high temperature environments, moreover, the unique combination of light output, speed, and detection efficiency found in LSO will in many instances justify the additional effort of isolating the scintillator from environmental temperature changes.
As discussed above, the LSO scintillator detector of the present invention is particularly effective as a radiation detector in a borehole logging environment, such as for petroleum exploration. In such use, the detector forms part of a logging system which may be of the type disclosed in the aforementioned copending U.S. application Ser. No. 149,953 and illustrated in FIG. 2 herein.
FIG. 2 shows a logging sonde 11 for sensing gamma radiation resulting from bombardment of a formation with high energy neutrons and detecting the energy of the radiation for subsequent spectral analysis. The sonde 11 is suspended in a borehole 13 on an armored multiconductor cable 15. The borehole 13 traverses a formation 17 and is filled with fluid 19, and may be open as shown or cased. The sonde 11 as described below may be constructed in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,993 to Hertzog, Jr. et al, assigned to the assignee of the present application. The sonde 11 is moved in the borehole 13 by playing the cable 15 out and reeling it back in over a sheave wheel 20 and a depth gauge 22 by means of a winch forming part of a surface equipment 24. Usually the logging measurements are actually made while the sonde 11 is being raised back up the borehole 13, although in certain circumstances they may be made on the way down instead or as well.
The sonde 11 includes a pulsed neutron source 26 for producing primary radiation to bombard the formation 17 with fast neutrons as the sonde 11 travels up the borehole 13, and a radiation detector 28 for detecting secondary (gamma) radiation induced thereby in the borehole 13 and the formation 17. The neutron source 26 is preferably of the pulsed accelerator type described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,461,291 to Goodman and 3,546,512 to Frentrop, both commonly owned with this application. This type of source is particularly suited to the generation of discrete bursts of high energy or fast neutrons, e.g. at 14 MeV, with a controlled duration and repetition rate.
The detector 28 is of a type appropriate to the detection of gamma radiation and the production of an electrical signal corresponding to each detected gamma ray and having an amplitude representative of the energy of the gamma ray. To this end the detector 28 is as shown in FIG. 1, including a cerium-activated LSO scintillation crystal 10 optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube (PMT) 16. Suitable tubes are manufactured by EMR Photoelectric, Princeton, N.J.
Although not as important as in the case of a GSO scintillator, a neutron shield 34 may be located between the source 26 and the detector 28 to limit direct bombardment of the detector 28 by neutrons from the source 26, thereby avoiding saturation of the detector 28 by such direct irradiation. In addition, especially in the case of measurement of capture gamma radiation, the sonde 11 may be surrounded by a sleeve 36 impregnated with boron carbide and located in the general vicinity of the source 26 and the detector 28. This sleeve displaces borehole fluid in the region of the detector 28, and absorbs neutrons scattered by the formation towards the detector 28, without significantly attenuating gamma radiation emanating from the formation. The net effect is to reduce the possiblity of neutron interactions with the borehole contents and the material of the sonde 11 in proximity to the detector 28 and which would otherwise produce detectable gamma rays constituting an undesirable perturbation of the required gamma ray measurement.
Electrical power for the sonde 11 is supplied via the cable 15 from the surface equipment 24. The sonde 11 includes power conditioning circuitry (not shown) for feeding power at appropriate voltage and current levels to the source 26, the detector 28 and other downhole circuits. These circuits include an amplifier 38 and associated circuitry which receives the output pulses from the PMT 16. The amplifed pulses are then applied to a pulse height analyzer (PHA) 40 including an analog-to-digital converter which may be of any conventional type such as the single ramp (Wilkinson rundown) type. Other suitable analog to digital converters may be used for the gamma ray energy range to be analyzed. Linear gating circuits may also be employed for control of the time portion of the detector signal frame to be analyzed. Improved performance can be obtained by the use of additional conventional techniques such as pulse pile-up rejection.
The pulse height analyzer 40 assigns each detector pulse to one of a number (typically in the range 256 to 8000) of predetermined channels according to its amplitude (i.e. the gamma ray energy), and produces a signal in suitable digital form representing the channel or amplitude of each analyzed pulse. Typically the pulse height analyzer 40 includes memory in which the occurrences of each channel number in the digital signal are accumulated to provide an energy spectrum. The accumulated totals are then transferred via a buffer memory 42 (which can be omitted in certain circumstances) to telemetry and cable interface circuits 44 for transmission over the cable 15 to the surface equipment 24.
At the surface the cable signals are received by cable interface and signal processing circutis 46. It will be understood that the circuits 44 and 46 may be of any suitable known construction for encoding and decoding, multiplexing and demultiplexing, amplifying and otherwise processing the signals for transmission to and reception by the surface equipment 24. Appropriate circuits are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,012,712 to Nelligan.
The operation of the sonde 11 is controlled by signals sent downhole from a master programmer 48, located in te surface equipment 24. These signals are received by a tool programmer 50 which transmits control signals to the neutron source 26 and the pulse height analyzer 40.
The surface equipment 24 includes various electronic circuits used to process the data received from the downhole equipment, analyze the energy spectrum of the detected gamma radiation, extract therefrom information about the formation 17 and any hydrocarbons that it may contain, and produce a tangible record or log of some or all of this data and information, for example on film, paper or tape. These circuits may comprise special purpose hardware or alternatively a general purpose computer appropriately programmed to perform the same tasks as such hardware. Details of such analysis form no part of this invention and will not be described here, but may be found for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,521,064.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated by reference to representative embodiments thereof, it will be understood that such embodiments are susceptible of modification and variation without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed. All such modifications and variations, therefore, are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Fort Collins Interior Design
Since 1979, Eheart Interior Solutions has been creating personalized, custom-crafted spaces for our clients. Our Fort Collins interior design experts bring the latest and best in style to all of our projects in order to deliver spectacular end results. "We believe interior spaces are as much about comfort and identity as they are function," explains Ken Eheart, President of Eheart Interior Solutions. "We are passionate about creating distinctive spaces and that passion is reflected in our advice, quality products, and service."
Conveniently located near College Avenue and Harmony Road, our design center includes a retail showroom with vignettes featuring leading-edge designs for kitchens, bathrooms, furnishings, window coverings, flooring, and much more. The Eheart design team carefully selects the best-of-the-best products across a wide spectrum of categories, styles, and price ranges. We feature all components, cabinetry, decorative hardware, lighting, plumbing, countertops, wall surfaces, and flooring, all under one roof. Our interior designers can show you where to spend and where to save so that we can work together and create breathtaking interior spaces.
It's our passion to help you create rooms for life – bringing quality and style into every room in your home or business. At Eheart, we put our heart into everything we do. It's how we design, decorate, renovate, rejuvenate, and renew your spaces. Our name says it all.
Eheart Interior Solutions offers expert installation for all the flooring, cabinetry, plumbing, lighting, and counter-tops and window treatments, we carry. Our licensed and insured professionals bring craftsmanship and precision to your installation. By delivering beautiful results from matching patterns and seams to a tidy clean-up, our installers pay attention to detail and respect to your home.
Have a question for our experts? Start the conversation now.


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- Contact Us
- Store
Invisi-Tag''s revolutionary equipment tracking system is the latest technological advancement available to the restoration industry. This unique system uses RFID technology to manage your equipment. Using a smartphone or tablet, you will have an accurate inventory of your trucks as well as the tracking capability of your equipment usage. Invisi-Tag offers you the solution to increase productivity, avoid missing equipment write-offs and increase billable hours of equipment in one simple to use system.


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S Band
Samsung S Band takes on Nike FuelBand14 March 2013
Samsung has announced an update to its health-tracking app S Health, and with it, the company has unveiled a S Band accessory set to take on the FuelBand. "It truly makes the Galaxy S4 a companion for life." The S Band features a pedometer inside and... >>


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Merityre Specialists
Branch manager: Richard Knight
Unit 1, New Parade,
Leatherhead Road,
01372 452111
Opening times:
Mon-Fri 8.30am - 6.00pm
Sat 8.30am - 5.00pm
Sun Closed
- "Polite, told me how long it would take. Apologised when they said it would take longer. Kept me informed. " Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "Great service and helpful staff " Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "Kept me informed and worked efficiently despite only being two staff and a number of others customers arriving" Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "Friendly, professional service. " Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "Done very quickly, left car at the depot promptly phoned to say the work was done and ready for collection on my return. Very good. Nothing to improve on did everything that was needed. Friends tried to get me to go to Dorking and use Black circles glad I shopped local as I also work in Bookham and like to trade locally when possible." Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "impressed by the effort taken to explain nature of damage on tyres" Merityre Specialists, Bookham
- "Special mention and thanks for Sarah Arnold in the Customer Service department, she went the extra 'mile' not only to locate the tyres I wanted but made sure they were ordered on time and fitted that day. Excellent service and a real credit to your company. Without a doubt, I will use you again and recommend to others. If you have any internal way of recognising her, this should be approved based on the service she provided." Merityre Specialists, Bookham
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Your story "Giant leap, tiny rock" reported on the US proposal for a crewed mission to a near-Earth asteroid, between 50 and 100 metres across (26 November, p 52). If it was possible to walk on such a body, it could be circumnavigated in minutes and completely explored in hours. This cannot justify the risks of putting a crew in deep space for more than a year. Small rocks can and should be explored by robots.
We should be focusing on Mars for crewed missions. Using resources already there, such as water and atmospheric gases, and with cargo delivery and return from high Mars orbit by efficient solar-powered ion rockets, such a mission is affordable. The crew would achieve more in the first hours on the surface than all the robotic landers to date.
We can exploit the resources of asteroids and comets later. Over the next 30 years ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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There are five outside
emergency phones located throughout campus. These phones are marked with blue
and white "Security Phone" signs. Simply push the button an you will
be connected to an officer. Use these phones to request an escort, report
suspicious behavior and other security-related requests. Click here to
see the Campus Map for their locations around campus.
Public Safety works closely
with the Maintenance Department in maintaining safe facilities. Officers
routinely report on the condition lighting, sidewalks, parking lots, etc.
Officers make monthly inspections of fire equipment and emergency lighting in
all campus buildings.
Public Safety Officer on Duty 24/7(614) 251-4700
Student Center, Suite 116Ohio Dominican University 1216 Sunbury Road Columbus OH 43219 Office: (614) firstname.lastname@example.com
Monday- Friday8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m.


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Home Equity and Raw Land Loan Information.
Home Equity Loan Rates
- $10,000.00 to a maximum of $50,000.00
- 80% of Short form written estimate of value or
Certified Appraised Value or current year tax appraisal statement *
- See KBR rates page for current rates
* Collateral is negotiable and must be evaluated and approved by a Loan Officer.
The locations of the home must be within a 100 mile radius of Houston. The borrower must own and use as his/her principal dwelling the home securing this loan. The maximum amount of land to be included with the dwelling (homestead) is ten (10) acres of land which must be contiguous, together with the improvements thereon. This loan can be for any purpose except business loan. A $100.00 a month minimum payment is required. The borrower is responsible for costs related to the closing of the loan not to exceed 3% of the loan amount. However, some costs are excluded from this 3% cap. A certified appraisal may be required.
It is required to include the following items when submitting your home equity loan application:
- A current year Tax Appraisal statement.
- A copy of a recent first mortgage statement showing the balance of the loan.
- A copy of the Warranty deed or Deed of Trust which gives the legal description of the property and the names of all owners.
- A copy of the homeowner's insurance policy showing adequate coverage for the first and second mortgage.
Raw Land Rates
See KBR rates page for current rates
- Raw land property other than "homestead" anywhere in Texas.
- Applicant is responsible for all costs such as attorney's fees, title insurance policy, certified appraisal, survey, and filing fees. Processing time is a minimum of 1 week.
- Financing for up to 80% of Certified Appraised value from $10,000.00 to $50,000.00.


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The National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) has emphasised the need for more information on HIV and AIDS high-risk groups to determine appropriate interventions targeting the groups.
Mrs Uduak Daniel, Chief Programme Officer, Programme Coordination Department, NACA made this known in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Abuja.
Daniel, at a workshop for HIV and AIDS Critical Mass Team (CMT) and Desk Officers of Agencies in the Federal Ministry of Transport, said there was need to determine the extent of high-risk practices in the country.
She listed HIV high risk groups as female sex workers, injecting drug users and the men who have sex with them.
Daniel noted that the commercial sex workers were the most at risk adding that very little was known about their sexual behaviours and HIV prevalence.
She explained that the workshop was relevant to the ministry of transport because HIV programme was no longer a strictly health, but a multi-sector thing.


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Old House in California Completely Transformed by Nonzero Architecture
Broom Way Residence is a 4.200 square foot residential project, completed in the historical city of Brentwood, California, by Nonzero Architecture. The clients requested a larger living space. The best solution to extend the 1950's old house was…to demolish and start building it from scratch. In order to emphasise the value of the magnificent lush vegetation and the rich site, the architects provided a new and modern house, spacious and welcoming, with large windows and spectacular views. Focusing on sustainability, the architects tried to bring the nature inside the house. The wide terrace, the open space living plan and last, but not least, the floor to ceiling windows, that allow the light slipping inside the house, create a bright and cozy environment. To wrap it up, all these elements underline the importance of nature, as parts of our lives.
Everyone agreed to focus on sustainability: natural ventilation has been encouraged. There's also another relevant action that proved the environmentally friendly approach: the materials used in defining the project were natural, sustainable and carefully chosen. The radical transformation implied also recreating a mid-century modernism, somehow adapted to the more recent design patterns. The staggering view over the seashore and the historical town make this house even more precious. Due to the fact that the house is surrounded by such a rich vegetation, the architects tried to incorporate the design and obtain a continuously fluid landscape.
2 comments
Really nice rehabilitation project. Very good post-modern work into a modern house. Good use of materials, colors and textures, specially wood in floor and fronts. Amazing terraces and incredible enviroment.
EXCELENT JOB. Congratulations from Barcelona.
Looks beautiful
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Hovercraft Block-it 380 Car Cover
Reviewed By Gennaro L (Olympia, WA) Reviewed for a 2015 Dodge Challenger —6/26/2015 12:46 PM
The cover is O.K. It will work as an indoor cover, but I have doubts as an outdoor cover. The fit is O.K. I was expecting the inner layer to be more plush, but it appears to be the same material that is on the outer layer.
Good car cover,but smaller than I want.
Reviewed By Elijah W (Raeford, NC) Reviewed for a 1970 Cadillac Brougham —6/25/2015 10:46 AM
I like the cover as far as covers are concerned. The problem I have is I bought it to cover a 1970 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham. This cover is entirely too short. I guess I should get one to fit an suv or order a custom made cover.


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Step 1: Features
- Capable of individually controlling 48 Full color LEDs.
- Each LED can be faded in 7 bit per channel - 2,097,152 colors.
- Gamma corrected brightness curve for very smooth fades.
- Simple, one button control.
- 11 sequence pattern (as of firmware version 1.0).
- Compact - 2.68 inch (68 mm) in diameter.
- Thin profile construction (0.137 inch (3.5 mm) thick).
- No leads sticking out on the back. Ideal for wearable projects.
- Firmware is easily upgradable via 5 pin ICSP connection.
Step 2: Circuit
The circuit is relatively simple and straightforward. If you've seen other LED matrix type circuit, this should look familier.
In a nutshell, the 48 RGB LEDs are divided in two groups, connected in a 6:1 multiplex fashion, taking R, G, and B as bus lines, and common pin of each LED as column lines. There are two pairs of R/G/B buses. Since there are only 3 PWM outputs available on the controller used, I used a binary decoder IC to multiplex the PWM signal, to drive 6 bus lines. 3 pins are used to select one of the 6 buses, and 24 pins are used to control LEDs' common pins.
The controller activates one bus at a time, outputs a pulse to the LED that should be lit. The actual duration that a particular LED turns on is controlled by the PWM pulse that goes into the binary decoder, 74HC238. The controller sends PWM pulses as short as 62.5 ns to as long as 12,500 ns to control the brightness.
Step 3: Parts & PCB
- 24x 68 ohm (0603) (RC1-24)
- 6x 220 ohm (0603) (R1,3,5,7,9,11)
- 6x 1k ohm (0603) (R2,4,6,8,10,12)
- 2x 10k ohm (0603) (R13,14)
- 4x 0.1uF (0603)
- 2x 10uF (1206)
- 6x MMBT2222A
- 1x PIC24FV16KA304
- 1x 74HC238
- 48x PLCC4 RGB LED (common-anode)
- 1x Tactile Switch
I would like to know what software you use to make the schematic and the pcb.
For PCB design I use Osmond (http://www.osmondpcb.com/).
Otherwise you can always get the kits from my website www.theLEDart.com!
I don't use Eagle nor know much about it (I use less known program called Osmond). I just use rotate tool to place LEDs and other parts in circular layout.
Can you please tell me what is the maximum source and sink current for your PIC microcontroller?
Flux can be cleaned with rubbing alcohol quite easily. I usually pour some alcohol and scrub a bit with an old toothbrush. Then wipe off.
It's ok for the switch to be wet a little bit.
Make sure to dry it throughly before powering it.
As a matter of fact, I'm working on the audio reactive functions. It'll be a free firmware download.
Were you at World Maker Faire? I was hoping to see you.
I had a really great time though.
You were in the Darkroom right?
Were you there today or yesterday or both?
Sorry you couldn't find me...
(I only have bad pictures...)
How's Make Faire in Detroit? I might plan for it...
If all goes well, I will start participating in other Maker Faires. Wish me luck!
I draw it in Illustrator - using the exported EPS file from the PCB design program and colored the parts.
EPS makes so much sense, thanks! Why didn't I think of that :p


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Hey, guys! I'm backkk! Haha I'm blogging using my phone right now and it's my first time to do it, so I'm not sure how this post would look like. It's the only way I can update my blog while I'm here in Korea soooo... Haha. Anyway, in my previous blog post, I told you that I'm going to share more about my work in my next posts, right? Well, here it is.
Sunday, February 22, 2015
Sunday, January 18, 2015
Sunday, January 18, 2015
Heyyy, guys! How's 2015 treating you so far? The holidays went by so fast that I wasn't able to do anything blog-related aside from answering a few emails. Gosh, I missed blogging! Currently having time management problems because of my new work schedule. More deets on that soon, hopefully! :D
Thursday, December 25, 2014
Thursday, December 25, 2014
This is a very late post and I'm sure all of you already know that Bianca Gonzalez launched her first ever book, Paano Ba 'To?!, last November 2014. I've been a fan of Bianca since her Game Channel Days. I've always admired her for being real, talented, intelligent and versatile. And because she writes from the heart, it's no wonder that this book is selling like hotcakes since its release.
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
Capitol Commons surprises us yet again with the opening of Estancia, the newest urban style sanctuary. It will be home to over 70 retailers and will feature brands such as New York's Isaac Mizrahi, P.S from Aeropostale, French clothing Eden Park, Parisian jewelry and accessory brand AGATHA Paris, Spain's second largest retail brand Cortefiel, British shoe brand Kurt Geiger, and Swiss shoe label MBT. The mall was built to create an atmosphere that will celebrate fashion, entertainment, and food. It was given the name "Estancia" which means "to stay a while" because the developer, Ortigas & Co., aimed to draw people to stay and linger at the mall.
Monday, December 1, 2014
Monday, December 1, 2014
Happy first day of December, everyone! Geez, can't believe it's almost Christmas. Have you done your Christmas shopping yet? I've been so busy lately that I haven't found time to even visit the mall. I have a long list of things to buy and I still haven't bought a thing! Looks like someone's gonna do a last minute Christmas shopping. Haha! But thank God, I can do it online. Christmas is the busiest time of the year because we all get invited to attend a lot of parties. And since I do not have time to go to the mall nowadays because of work, I thought I should just buy my outfits online. Saves a lot of time and effort, don't you think?
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Same store sales down 19 percent in Q1. Huh? This has got to be one of the worst quarters in the history of retailing.
was hit with a double whammy today: not only were earnings a huge disappointment after the close, but their competitors are gaining on them.
Management changed the shopping experience but didn't change the quality of the product. There is no call to action.


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Changthang (Ladakh) in heavy snowfall: News in pictures
Filed Under: Media & Tech, World | Posted: 02/23/2013 at 2:20AM
Comments | Region: India
Leh,Febuary 23 (Scoop News) -Due to heavy snow bound pastures and the freezing cold, thousands of domestic goats including Pashmina goats have perished in Changthang area of Ladakh region in
It may be mentioned that Pashmina goats grow a thick, warm fleece. They survive on grass in Ladakh, where temperatures plunge to as low as −20 °C (−4.00 °F). These goats provide the wool for
Also read Heavy livestock losses in upper Changthang region
Please visit http://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=26773


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Personalized Graduation Keepsake - Engraved Grad Star Keepsake Dreams, hard work & determination all clearly define the effort a Graduate must go through in order to reach Graduation Day. At times things seemed difficult, yet your graduate persevered to reach for the Stars and achieve this life changing goal. Honor your Class of 2014 Graduate with this thoughtful Personalized Grad Star Keepsake and watch your graduate continue to reach for the stars every day.
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Play FREE, no time limit, EVER!
Travel through Ancient Greece and into Hades while hunting down a thief and returning a stolen scepter. The greatest heroes of ancient times, including Hercules, Perseus and others, will lend a hand on your journey.
Tell the world how you feel about our downloadable games! Was the game so addictive you had to call in sick to work? Or did you get so bored that you fell asleep and drooled on the keyboard? No matter if it's good or bad, if we post your review on the site, you'll get our gratitude and a good start on a career in journalism!
We respect all well-written opinions, and will publish reviews regardless of whether they are negative, indifferent, or positive. Just be honest with us and tell us what you really think.
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Your review will be read and published within a day or two of submission.
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Someone has stolen the scepter with which Zeus controls Heaven and Earth. In Heroes of Hellas, you'll travel through Ancient Greece and into Hades to find the thief and return the scepter to its rightful owner. As you progress, the greatest heroes of ancient times, including Hercules, Perseus and others, will lend a hand. Even Zeus himself will provide assistance. Upon completing this daunting task, you'll earn the gratitude of the gods and see your name appear in the Assembly of Heroes. As a reward for your help, you'll explore nine exciting myths describing the awesome feats of the heroes. In addition, you'll earn trophies and build a beautiful palace with the help of Hephaestus, the god of the fire of blacksmiths. Last but not least, you'll be given the chance to unlock seven gorgeous mosaics illustrating the exploits of the heroes, all of which can be saved as desktop wallpaper.
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Research - Clinical Studies
Clinical Study Title
UNC HIV Oral Health Demonstration Project
****** Not currently enrolling new participants in this Clinical Study. ******
Description/Purpose of the Study
One of the most important features in the treatment of HIV disease is the identification of clinical signs of disease progression, and decreases in immune system functioning. The early identification of signs of disease progression is useful to assess the effectiveness of therapies, and /or initiate new medical interventions. Some people remain unaware of their HIV status; even though, opportunistic infections are occurring, especially in the mouth. Previous research has shown diagnosis of these oral infections to be useful tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
|IRB Study #:
|Principal Investigator:
|Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque, DDS, PhD
|UNC Department:
|Dept. of Dental Ecology and Research
Inclusion Criteria
You are being asked to be in the study because you:
Are either newly diagnosed with HIV or an HIV patient of record at the UNC HDC who did not begin dental care concurrent with the inception of HIV treatment that will serve as a historical control.
Received primary HIV care at UNC-HIV network.
Are a resident in a non-urban county.
Provided informed consent.
Are 18 years of age or older.
Exclusion Criteria
You should NOT be in this study if you:
Have a medical complication significant enough to preclude participation in the program; and
Have a severe cognitive impairment that precludes participation in the program and/or provision of informed consent.
Contact Information
|Jo-Ann A. Blake, RDH,MPH


text: Business Firms Say Part Of Health Law Will Cost Them Millions March 31, 2010 Under the newly passed health care law, companies still get a subsidy for offering prescription coverage, but they'll no longer get a related tax deduction. Some say the change will cost them millions of dollars, and they may have to drop drug coverage altogether. Listen Loading… 4:05 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/125380056/125380104" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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'American Idol' Top 4 on Crystal's crush on Lee, Mike and Casey's romance and more
Find out what they had to say about Crystal Bowersox's "musical crush" on Lee Dewyze, Casey James' cougar song "Mrs. Robinson" and Michael Lynche's preferred staging for his romantic duet with Casey.
When asked to explain her "musical crush," Crystal tells Zap2it, "My bass player from home is also anther musical crush that I have. It's my adoration for a musician because I like the way they play or a certain soul or feeling that they have. Lee I met in Chicago ... I told him then, 'Wow, you're really good.'" Lee turns to her and adorably says, "Thanks, Crystal!"
Lee was asked about the judges' comments regarding the extensive song list, which wasn't actually that extensive this week, and he very diplomatically says, "We pick our songs and when we do that, it's very difficult sometimes for a lot of different reasons ... so as far as how many songs, at the end of the day we pick our songs. We do what we can with them and that's it."
When pressed for why nobody chose "Ghostbusters," Lee deadpans, "It would've been too serious for such a fun night."
Speaking of song choice, Big Mike took some flack from Simon about the movie his song came from, "Free Willy." Mike says to Simon, "Pay attention to what's really the point! [laughs] It usually doesn't bother me but ... we work really hard on getting the song right and preparing and trying to go up there and be great. Just focus on what's real, focus on what we're here about. But I love that guy."
And no song choice discussion would be complete without touching on Casey's cougar song "Mrs. Robinson." But Casey took the ribbing in stride, saying, "I picked the song because I love the song ... I think everybody's got something that's talked about more often than not. It doesn't bother me ... I took my shirt off to get through to the Hollywood Round, so I can't really complain if they're going to bring something like that up. -- Big Mike interjects, "Touche." -- It is what it is, I'm just happy to be here."
When the duets were brought up, we learned that Crystal was the one who wanted to do "Falling Slowly" but that as soon as he heard it, Lee was down. As for Big Mike and Casey, it should come as no surprise that "Have You Ever Loved a Woman" was all Big Mike.
"Mike was so excited about that song that it wasn't even a question," laughs Casey. "If somebody's that excited about something, I mean, I was just like, 'Yes, we're doing this one.' I think it was a perfect choice."
"It was good getting to know each other on that side," Mike adds. "We were just chilling, working things out in his apartment, making out -- "
"We had originally planned that Mike was gonna hold me in his arms for the song, but we couldn't figure out a way to play the guitars," Casey finishes.
These Season 9 Idols are a hilarious bunch. Look for more backstage goodies Wednesday, May 12 when we find out what the current batch of Idols think of Zap2it's Harry Connick Jr. as "Idol" judge idea.
Follow Zap2it and Zap2it Andrea on Twitter and follow Zap2it on Facebook for the latest movies, TV and celebrity news
'American Idol' Top 4 Dispatch: Simon Cowell is on someone's Bucket List
Did the 'Idol' survey even ask the right questions?
'Idol' viewers can express displeasure in survey
Clay Aiken on his new album
Adam Lambert adds tour dates, announces themes


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Brought to you by NRHA and the
National Hardware Show®
Click on a product category below to pull up a list of NRHA Vendor Partners with additional product and training information available.
NRHA's product knowledge training
programs for employees are designed
to give store associates the information they need to be productive right from the
start. We offer training programs in core hardware and building materials categories
and it's free to all NRHA members.
April 23, 2012
Small business confidence rose to a one-year high in February, according to a Reuters report. More small business owners reported plans to rebuild stocks after 56 months of inventory liquidation.
The National Federation of Independent Business said on Tuesday its optimism index increased to 94.3 last month - the highest reading since February 2011 - from 93.9 in January, marking the sixth consecutive month of gains.
"This is good news for economic growth, as many firms will be ordering new inventory to satisfy customers who are gradually increasing in numbers," the NFIB said in a statement.
For more information on this report, click here.
In Category: Headlines
Related: Economy, Inventory, Small Business
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Click here to open the digital edition of Hardware Retailing magazine.


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Homebrewer's Garden, The
Learn how to greatly enhance the flavor, aroma, and uniqueness of your homebrew by growing your own hops, brewing herbs, and malt grains.
"The Homebrewer's Garden is a natural marriage of two great hobbies, and who better to publish it than Storey, a company that specializes in gardening and homebrewing books."
— Craig Bystrynski, Editor of Brew Your Own magazine
Buy this Book
We don't sell our books directly through storey.com. If you'd like to buy Homebrewer's Garden, The, please visit one of the online bookstores below or give us a call and we'll take care of you. Support local businesses when you can!
Storey Direct: 1-800-441-5700
- Paper
- Pages: 192
- Size: 6 x 9
- Color: Illustrations throughout
- Order Number: 67010
- Ebook
More Books by This Author
Brewing Made Easy, 2nd Edition
This foolproof beginner's guide to brewing great beer at home includes everything you need to know to make your very first batch. Authors Joe and Dennis Fisher strip away the mysteries and ensure success with clear, step-by-step instructions, and they offer 25 simple recipes for a variety of beer styles. This revised edition covers the latest techniques and equipment, as well as new varieties of hops and other ingredients.


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Narrow your search
Prepare to mourn for the Superman movie that never was. Test footage of Nicolas Cage squeezed into a blue superhero costume in 1997 is here for your wonderment.
Halloween should fun for all. Find out how you can help nonprofit organization The Magic Wheelchair make amazing costumes of dragons and pirate ships for children in wheelchairs.
Technically Incorrect: In Massachusetts, Stormtroopers are seen as a threat. At least by one school principal.
Will Smith, Margot Robbie and the rest of the cast for Warner Bros.' upcoming supervillains movie have been revealed in costume in a tweet from the film's director.
As Daredevil leaps from Marvel comics onto Netflix, see how the devilishly well-dressed hero's style has evolved over the past 50 years.
Actor Ryan Reynolds took to Twitter to show off his costume for the "Deadpool" movie, tweeting out a picture in full costume lying on a bear rug in front of a roaring fire.
The Dark Side got a little darker when a bank robber dressed in a Darth Vader getup robbed a bank in North Carolina.
Now that America's MegaBots and Japan's Suidobashi Heavy Industries have both built giant, pilot-controlled robots, it seems obvious what has to happen next.
In an Empire state of mind? Wear this highly detailed Anovos "Star Wars" costume to relive all your favorite Battle of Hoth moments from "The Empire Strikes Back." No AT-AT required.
A "Star Trek" auction gets under way on February 21, giving fans a crack at a rare original-series phaser, a Wesley Crusher sweater and hats worn by Whoopi Goldberg.


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A movie
Randy Newman's opening song, "A Fool in Love," perfectly sets up the movie that follows. The lyrics begin, "Show me a man who is gentle and kind, and I'll show you a loser," before praising the man who takes what he wants. … see full wiki
A movie
Comedy movie sequel to Meet the Parents directed by Jay Roac …


text: LG's G Flex: Is a curved smartphone screen innovation or desperation? (review) March 8, 2014 7:17 AM | Devindra Hardawar I'm all for novelty gadgets, but when it's something as important as a smartphone I tend to fall on the pragmatic side of things. It's clear that LG doesn't know what to do with its curved screens just yet.


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Tour de Wyoming VI
View Single Post
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Mar 2007
Location: Black Hills, West Dakota
Oddometer: 166
Off like a herd of turtles! There was long shot that a 4
may be joining with us but to no avail. Needless to say we were a little slow getting out of town which is beginning to become a theme and we like it.
Shep and his outback oven do it again. This time cinnamon rolls
From out camp site we headed through Vedauwoo proper.
Spent some of my formative years here cutting my teeth in the world of rock climbing. It really felt good to be back in familiar ground.
And of course we had to take in the tourist sites! Ames monument,
the highest point on the transcontinental railroad, stands in one of the windiest places on the planet. Weird, it wasnt windy.
We head south out of Laramie (
on the Sand Creek Road, BIG ol dirt road. We pass an area that I know as the hoodoos, I have no idea if that is what they are actually called but they are in fact hoodoos so the name always seemed appropriate to me.
At the Colorado border a person would swear that you are in the Four Corners Country. Nope, you are at 7,000 feet on the east central Wyoming/Colorado border. A completely apt place to stop for a snack. Keep in mind we have ridden nearly 40 or 50 miles at this point. We certainly dont want to push ourselves too much!
We continue south and begin a meandering route to Red Feather Lakes. We ride some fantastic dirt all over hill and dale. Every now and again a person would come into a corner, a rut, some sand or rocks a little hot causing a fellow to pucker up a bit. I know I would giggle and think, holy shit then I would roll back on the throttle once again cause it was so much damn fun.
The roads begin to open up a bit the closer we get to Red Feather Lakes. Some really nice ranch country up there.
Red Feather offers us H2O, fuel, and beer (not in any order of importance). Not really knowing where to stop for the night we keep heading in our general direction which is west and south. That makes no sense. West and south are two directions, not one well you get the idea.
When work out a route for our rides it is more like a loose plan. We will look for long stretches of dirt with short connectors of asphalt. I personally an drawn in by road names. When a person looks at this part of the map you cannot help but see Deadman Hill and Road. Now who wouldnt want to ride a road with a name like that? Perhaps it would get us in the general direction but holy buckets, washboards and dust. A setting sun and the accumulation of dust on the helmet visor sucked. I was getting ready to stop for the day. A quick look at the map and it was determined that camping would be better sooner than later. Breaking south on a road that looked good for tomorrow we manage to find a decent place to bivy for the night. One of the difficulties of this trip was actually finding a place to sleep where there was no potential for a dead tree to fall on one of us in the night. Folks out west are familiar with the mountain pine beetle and damage it has wrought.
I would look for a twenty year old clear-cut in the lodge pole. No snags there! Managing to find one could take some creativity, but we always managed to get it done.
Knowing that some storms were in the area really didnt phase us much as it was such a nice evening. Then Shep comes with this, you know were are camping above 10,000 feet right? Oh, it will be fine! It really was a beautiful evening.
Day 3 was in the books. None of us had any idea what awaited us tomorrow.
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Most good students cruise through their first SAT or the PSAT feeling pretty good about their performance. When they receive their scores, however, many are shocked and dismayed. Autopilot is probably what happened. Learn how to avoid losing altitude by understanding how to avoid careless errors on easy questions.
Autopilot: Don't Set a Course for a Lower SAT Score (transcript)
Karl Schellscheidt: The topic I'd like to discuss is autopilot. Autopilot is not a good thing for the SATs. Autopilot is when a pilot reaches cruising altitude and puts the plane on cruise control autopilot and can have a cup of coffee or have a sandwich and relax momentarily. That is definitely not what you want to do when you're taking the SATs. Let me tell you how I think autopilot works on the SATs:
I think what happens with a lot of kids is they'll sort of get themselves into a groove. When they see a problem they think, "I can get this one. This is no problem. I've seen this kind of stuff before. This is the same stuff that I do in school and I get all amazing grades in school." Let's say they get this pretty simple algebra problem and they put themselves on autopilot. They know exactly how it's solved, they've done it a million times, and so they just kind of cruise through the problem not being ultra-aware of what they're doing. They wind up getting the answer at the end, let's say it's x=7 and answer choice A is 7. And the kid's happy and they're like, "This is perfect. Let me answer A and move on. I've got to keep cruising through this test."
And so what they do is they answer A and they move on, but sometimes the answer is not actually A, 7. The answer is 49. Why is the answer 49? Because the question was "find x squared." And so what happened to the student is they saw a question, they put themselves on autopilot because they've done this kind of question a million times in their algebra class, and the question always in the algebra class is "find x," and so they found x. Sure enough, it's going to be one of the answer choices, trust me on that one. And they forgot that the question on the real SATs is "find x squared" and they forgot to square the 7 to get 49; 49 was the correct answer.
The student who goes on autopilot during the SATs is typically a very good student in school. They take the PSAT or the SAT, they get out of there, and they feel pretty good. They get their score report a few weeks later and they are shocked at how low their score is. And for most of those kids it's not an indicator that they're dumb. It's an indicator that they were on autopilot for way too many questions, where they just kind of went through the motions and they weren't really thinking about the challenge of the test. They weren't really thinking that, "There could be subtle tricks in here. There could be little things that would throw me off and if I don't look for them I'm not going to see them."
I'd also like to acknowledge that kids get tired. When you go through a four and a half hour exam, you are certainly going to be tired by the time you walk out the door at the end. So one of the things that I tell students to try to do to cope with that situation is that if you need a little break during an SAT section, take your break between number 7 and number 8. Don't take your break during number 7 or during number 8. And I think you know what I mean when I say that.
Again, if you need a little break, if you need 10 seconds to just close your eyes and take a few deep breaths and take a chill pill and tell yourself it's all going to be okay, do it after you've finished a problem. But once you begin a problem, you have to commit yourself to working through that problem as sharply as you can, throwing everything you have at it until you get to the final answer and then move on to the next one. And once you begin that next problem, commit yourself to working through without a break until you feel you've gotten the answer or you need to skip it and move on.
And so again, the SAT is no place for autopilot. I think you know what the concept is now. Keep it in mind and that will help you maximize your score.
Karl Schellscheidt