text:
Improved internal circulatory assist apparatus comprising control means whereby the optimum synchronization of the assist apparatus with the beat of the heart can be effectively achieved while using any of a plurality of parts of the body as monitor sites for obtaining an arterial signal representative of the patient's heartbeat. The control means consists of a marker means, such as a pip on an oscilloscope, which is adjustable by variable-delay circuitry throughout a range equal to the time difference between the sensing of a selected cardiac event at an earliest-reacting monitoring site and the sensing of a selected cardiac event at a later-reacting monitoring site.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Maher CARDIAC SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD IIII 3,835,845
[ Sept. 17, 1974 [75] Inventor: Charles E. Maher, Brockton, Mass. MCKenna; Andrew Kehoe [73] Assignee: xiii-cal Innovations, Inc., Waltham, ABSTRACT [22] Filed: Oct 24 1972 Improved internal circulatory assist apparatus comprising control means whereby the optimum synchro- [21] Appl. No.: 300,290 nization of the assist apparatus with the beat of the heart can be effectively achieved while using any of a [52] Us. CL 128/64 28/2 05 R 128/2 06 R plurality of parts of the body as monitor sites for ob- [51 1 Int Cl A6lh' 9/00 taining an arterial signal representative of the patients [58] Field P 205 R heartbeat. The control means consists of a marker 128/2 O6 i 5 means, such as a pip on an oscilloscope, which is adjustable by variable-delay circuitry throughout a range [56] References Cited equal to the time difference between the sensing of a selected cardiac event at an earliest-reacting monitor- UNITED STATES PATENTS ing site and the sensing of a selected cardiac event at Becker R a later reacting monitoring site 3,734,087 5/1973 Sauer et al 128/64 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures TO 9O l WATER EMPTY /62 64 68 FROM"2 EMPTY PUMP PRESSURE SENSOR CONTROL DELAY I j DURATION CONTROL CONTROL 89 84 I96 w I PRESSURE V Q QQE DELAY DURATION 2g??? GENERATOR 0 E T GENERATOR 80 ms. l0 DELAY "4 MARKER POSITION i CONTROL 0| 40 ms. DUAL TRACE OSCILLOSCOPE DELAY I EKG TRACE I16 99 I03 203 2 R & w VARIABLE VARIABLE ARTERIAL -EH a PRESSURE INTENSITY INTE \ISITY 2 2 IN CONTROL CONTROL TRACE l TRACE 2 {H8 D +8OmS. ECG TRACE MARKER GENERATOR 56" 1 {J PULSE I20 MIXER M m" PAIENTEB 71974 3.835.845
SHEET 1 [IF 3 II II DESIRED PRESSURE FROM 88 WAVEFORM 22 /9O 34 35 WAVEFORM m fbw GENERATOR WAVEFORM 92 COMPARATOR HYDRAULIC 7 CYLINDER ERROR SIGNAL 8O SERVO a2 STROBE SI AL v AMPLIFIER {FROM 89 LEvEL L SENSOR SERvO id i vA LvE LEVEL COMPARATOR 9 98 ,,ONE SHOT I f OIL RESERVOIR ACCuMuLATOR I v S/ ONE SHOT I vALvE RESERVOIR L FILL FMPTY PUMP PUMP I OFF. H20 69 [PUMP CONTROL VALVE CIRCUIT FROM "68 E H2O L60 FIG.|
P u SEP I 71874 SHEET 2 [IF 3 E .E. .E
1 WATER EMPTY /-62 64 68 FROM"2 E EEEEEUEE ggg gg SENSOR DELAY DURATION cONTROL CONTROL 1 I I LEvEL yggy; J1 DELAY L %%%%+fi GENERATOR D| GEN%:ATOR GENERATOR 80 ms. /HO DELAY I22 MARKER POSITION Q CONTROL 1 I lo] 40 ms. DuAL. TRACE OSOILLOSOOPE/ r DELAY EKG TRACE Q6 99 VARIABLE VAFEIABLE ARTERIAL PRESSURE INTENSITY INTENsITY 2 2 IN OONTROL CONTROL TRAcE I TRAcE 2 Ila D +80 ms. g ECG TRACE MARKER GENERATOR TO "56" r PULSE I2O NIIxER PAIEIIIIINIIIT I 3.835.845
SHEEI 3 OF 3 -TRIGGERING SIGNAIL I I l I 409 LLI I I 3; I00 I I I 80 I I .l
60 I I 3 40 I I I DELAY TIME To LEG 5 20 I I KIPRESSURIZATION E O I DI .I I I 405\ -D4 YI I I 4o4\ I I I I [NF/O ms. I FTIME HEART wAvE I l 415 A ms SENSED AT wRIsT TIME FOR wAvE TO I REACH HEART I I HMISTART OF DIASTOLE (EKG) I I 403 START OF DIASTOLE I I- (WRIST) ECG I I I; I I I I I I II I I I 0 80 I60 240 320 400 480 560 e40 720 800 880 F I G 3 TIME (MILLISECONDS) I I I I I DIASTOLE (FINGER) -4I5 I I I I l I I CHANNEL I ECG ALTERNATE I "211%;
cENTRAL AoRTA I 42 O ALTERNATE 2 1212551275255 CHANNEL 2 ALTERNATE 3 ARTERIAL CARDIAC SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a novel apparatus for assisting blood flow in the circulatory system by synchronizing the pulsing of an external-assist means with the heartbeat and particularly relates to a novel synchronization-control system for use with the aforesaid appara- H15.
2. Background of the Invention Methods for atraumatically assisting blood circulation of patients have been described in the art. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,841 to Dennis, a process is described whereby an external compressing of the lower part of the body expresses a volume of blood larger than the volume of blood pumped in a single stroke of the heart. The blood so expressed is forced back into the aorta and greater arterial vessels and thereby allows a reduction in ventricular workload while maintaining a satisfactory perfusion of blood during ventricular diastole. This general type of process has been elaborated upon in an article entitled Synchronous Assisted Circulation by Birtwell et al., appearing in The Canadian Medical Association Journal (Vol. 95, pages 652-664) on Sept. 24, 1966. In general, synchronous external pressure assist processes are distinguishable and advantageous over pre-existing counter-pulsation processes because the latter kind of procedure involves the cannulation of a major artery, use of an extra-corporeal blood handling device, the use of stringently sterile techniques and the necessity of administering anticoagulants to the patient. Moreover, the blood trauma or hemolysis produced by extra-corporeal pumping devices limits permissible duration of the assist procedure and compromises the condition of the patient. Finally, these trauma-requiring procedures are not only time consuming, they can present a very significant hazard to many patients, and they increase the risk factor in treating all patients.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,919 to Birtwell, an improved external assist apparatus was described wherein the effective pressure on circulatory passages of the legs could be cycled to valves at or below ambient pressure. This apparatus is a major advance in the art and has been extensively used as a vehicle for evaluating the therapeutic potential of externally assisted circulation. Some results of this work are reported in a paper entitled The Hemodynamic Evaluation of External Counterpulsation in Man by T. J. Ryan et al., and presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions held in Atlatntic City, N.J., during November 1970.
At the present time the external counterpulsation method is the only controlled method of assist which requires no surgical intervention or sterile procedures, no use of anticoagulants or anesthesia, and produces no significant trauma. These factors are most important because they usually allow a much earlier use of the apparatus on a patient in, say, a state of circulatory shock than could be justified if another type of assist apparatus had to be used.
The selective application of positive and negative pressures to the portion of the vascular bed in the legs serves to control directly the volume of blood within that portion of the vascular bed and, hence, the pressures within the arterial system, particularly the pressures of the aorta. It is these controlled changes in aortic pressure that lead directly to a reduction in cardiac work, to increased perfusion of the systemic circulation, and to preferential perfusion of the myocardium.
An improved system for providing the desired synchronization of the heartbeat and the external assist apparatus has been developed more recently. That system utilized a feedback signal from the external pressurization of the legs, directly compared this signal to a control signal representative of the desired waveform for treatment of the patient and used an error signal derived from the difference between the aforesaid feedback signal and the control signal to achieve an adjustment of the pressurization to the desired waveform. This pressurization, if not properly timed with respect to the heartbeat, could cause a deleterious, physiological effect on the patient. Therefore, a simple, accurate, automatic phasing means was disclosed, whereby an arterial waveform from the patient is displayed on a multi-channel oscilloscope (or other suitable display device) in conjunction with an elecrocardiographic waveform. The arterial pressure waveform would be obtained at a pre-selected site, for example, at the wrist, and the electrocardiographic waveform is obtained by placement of sensors directly on the torso of the patient proximate the heart.
It takes about milliseconds (ms) for a pressure wave, introduced in the femoral arteries with the apparatus of the invention, to reach the root of the aorta. The subsequent transmission from the root of the aorta to the wrist, where the arterial waveform was typically obtained, takes another ms. It is important that the artificially-induced positive pressure waves be produced in the legs sufficiently before diastole (80 ms) and that the pressure wave reaches the root of the aorta at the beginning of diastole. Therefore the control system of the aforesaid improved apparatus comprises a built-in 80-second delay factor adapting it for use on the pre-selected wrist sensing site.
The start of the augmented diastolic waveform, as seen at the wrist, which results from use of the applicants apparatus, therefore will take place about ms after the pressure is applied to the legs of the patient. In such a situation, it is desirable to have the induced pressure wave initiated by a command signal timed to start 170 ms before the arterial wave, as seen at the wrist indicates the beginning of diastole and 80 ms before the ECG signal indicates the beginning of diastole. The beginning of diastole is indicated in the arterial wave by the so-called dicrotic notch in good approximation by the end of the so-called T-wave which is known to be positive indication of the relaxation of the left ventricle and the end of systole.
In the signal phasing system, the leg pressurization signal was used to intensify the ECG and arterial trace on the oscilloscope after this pressurization signal has been delayed for 80 and 170 ms respectively. The duration of intensification is the duration of each positive pressurization cycle of the leg. With the system, an operator could adjust the delay time until the intensified signal on the ECG or arterial wave fonn is located at the beginning of a diastole. At that point, leg pressurization can be triggered in correct synchronization with the cardiac cycle.
Although the above-described system is generally useful and has been used successfully in some situations, it had the drawback of depending on a predicted constant delay between the aortic event and the selected sensing site. It has now been discovered to be desirable to provide a more versatile means of synchronizing the heartbeat and the apparatus.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved external circulatory assist apparatus.
Another object of the invention is to provide an external circulatory assist device having a synchronizationcontrol means of greater versatility.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus easily synchronized by personnel of moderate skill and training.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved control means and method which allows the operator of the apparatus to accurately synchronize the apparatus without (1) the necessity of precise prediction of the time delay between the heart action and its effect on the arterial wave sensing site and (2) without predicting the sensing site to be selected.
Other objects of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art on their reading this application.
The above objects have been substantially achieved by controlling the synchronization of the external circulatory assist apparatus with a control means whereby the optimum time period between a certain cardiac event (typically the R wave of an ECG curve) and the triggering of the circulatory assist pressure is precisely achieved by a visual and movable indicator means which can be moved during the setting of a time variable, throughout a time range which allows compensation for the time differences between the cardiac event and its manifestation at any arterial-wave sensing site which may be selected at the time of treatment.
The visual marker is advantageously electronic and moved along a channel of an oscilloscope as a trace intensification of a finger plethysmograph, or some like manifestation of a cardiac event, until the marker is positioned at an easily-recognized point on the curve (e.g., at a point indicative of the start of systole).
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF THE INVENTION In this application and accompanying drawings there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of the invention and suggested various alternatives and modifications thereof, but it is to be understood that these are not intended to be exhaustive and that other changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. These suggestions are selected and included for purposes of illustration in order that others skilled in the art will more fully understand the invention and the principles thereof and will be able to modify it in a variety of forms, each as may be best suited in the condition of a particular case.
IN THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1 and 2, taken together, are a schematic diagram of an external circulatory assist apparatus, including the control means which forms the particular improvement of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating, in real time, the relationship of an electrocardiographic curve and external circulatory assist pressurization.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing curves similar to those which would appear on a two-channel oscilloscope, displaying (I) an electrocardiographic curve and (2) any of several alternative curves manifesting the heartbeat as it is manifested by pressure at the central aorta, a radial artery or a finger.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is seen that a transducer-type pressure sensor 34 including a sensing bladder 35 is utilized to sense hydraulic pressure in bladder 22. If the pressure so sensed is less than 20 millimeters of mercury (mm of Hg), then a pressure-level amplifier 46 will provide an output to the and-type gate 48. If during this low-pressure signal situation, the operator closes a water fill switch 50, he will cause the and gate 48 to transmit a signal which will activate a fill pump 52 through pump control circuit 54 and simultaneously cause a multiposition, solenoid valve 56 to shift to its fill position, i.e., the position allowing water to flow from conduit 58 to conduit 60. Thereupon water will flow into the bladder 22 until a pressure of 20 mm Hg is sensed by pressure sensor 34. The signal from amplifier 46 will then drop consequently closing andgate" 48. Thereupon, fill pump 52 is deactivated and solenoid valve 56 is shifted to its off position.
Water is emptied from bladder 22 by using an analogous system whereby pressure is sensed by sensor 62. In a typical mode of operation, if the pressure sensed is above a minus 15 mm Hg value, a signal is sent to and-gate" 64. If empty switch 66 is closed, the gate 64 will allow a signal command to actuate pump control 68 and empty pump 69 and cause solenoid valve 56 to shift to its empty position, i.e., the position allowing water to flow from conduit 60 to conduit 70 and thence back to water reservoir 72 through 74. The pump 69 will empty until a pressure of less than the illustrative minus 15 mm Hg is sensed. At that time the and-gate" 64 will no longer sense the required signal from sensor 62, and the pump 69 will be turned off and valve 56 will return to its off position.
It is noted that the above-described filling and emptying operations are generally used at the beginning and ending of use and not as continuous control means. Nevertheless it is emphasized that the ability to fill the bladder to a particular pre-determined pressure by automatic means rather than judgement means is highly advantageous.
During operation of the apparatus, the pressure within bladder 34 is maintained at its desired level by adding or removing water from the bladder system as follows:
A displacement sensing type transducer 76 is" mounted on hydraulically-actuated rod .78. Transducer 76 is adapted to provide an electrical signal output pro-.
portional to the linear advance of rod 78 at any given moment.
A normalized value of the position of rod 78 is provided by feeding the signal from transducer 76 intoa by numeral 415 in FIGS. 3 and 4.) Thus when the R wave periodically occurs with each heartbeat, an output is triggered which is fed to a manually controlled delay 86. The purpose of delay 86 is to convert the original signal from first trigger generator 84 to a second time-delayed signal corresponding in real time with the beginning of cardiac diastole. This second signal enters a duration signal generator 88. Generator 88 is so selected that the signal therefrom continues for the length of time that leg pressurization (as caused by pressure in bladder 34) is desired. This signal from generator 88 is fed to level comparator 82 through a level strobe signal generator 89.
The signal from generator 88 is also fed to a waveform generator 90 which produces a wave whose amplitude and shape is analogous to that desired for the leg pressurization sequence. A typical such wave will be trapazoidal-like in shape with a rise of 60 ms, a plateau of 250 ms, and a fall of 60 ms. This wave from generator 90 is fed to a wave form comparator 92 wherein it is continually compared to a signal derived from the actual bladder pressure wave as experienced by sensor 34. The output of comparator 92 is a so-called error signal, i.e., a signal which is indicative of the quality and strength of the difference between the desired wave signal from generator 90 and the actual wave signal from sensor 34.
It is to be noted in reference to waveform generator 90 that a typical generated wave will normally have a total positive pressure period of from about 250 to about 300 milliseconds. The rise and fall in pressure will take about 60 ms each and rise will start about 80 ms before diastole. In general, it is desirable to select a period-determining device which can maintain positive-pressure periods of up to about 500 ms.
The error signal is used to control servo valve 94 through a servo-amplifier 93 and thereby controls the supply of fluid to, and consequently the movement of, hydraulic cylinder 78.
As has been described above, level comparator 82 receives two signals: one, a periodic signal from a duration signal generator 88, via strobe signal generator 89 and the other from displacement level sensor 80. lever comparator 82 compares these two signals, one indicative of the actual position of hydraulic cylinder 78 at a given time. It is the periodic, or strobe signal from duration signal generator 88, as modified by a level strobe signal generator 89, which determines when this comparison is to be made. The comparison is most usefully made at the time platen 30 is in the upper-most portion of its stroke and pressing firmly against bladder 22.
If level comparator 82 senses that the uppermost position of platen 30 is too high, output signal is provided to a one shot (monostable multivibrator) 96. This one shot 96 will then turn on fill pump 52 and also position solenoid valve 56 for a 0.5-second fill period. The 0.5-second fill periods will continue during each cardiac period, (i.e., each heartbeat) until the water volume in bladder 22 is sufficient so that the uppermost position of platen 30 is within an acceptable displacement range at the top of its stroke.
If, on the other hand, the level comparator 82 receives a signal that the uppermost position of platen 30 is too low in its stroke, the uppermost position of empty pump is turned on for one-half second on each cardiac cycle by activation of the one shot device 98 and the empty pump 69. Water is then pumped out of the bladder until the platen achieves a desired rise during its stroke.
The general operation of the system described above is known in the art but is believed to be desirably set forth herein to fully describe the nature of the improved apparatus subject of the invention and the manner in which the operation is phased into correct synchronization with the heartbeat as described below:
A signal from any given arterial pressure-sensing device 99 is fed into a dual trace oscilloscope 101 along with a signal from ECG device 102. These signals appear only as width intensifications 103 of ECG trace 104 and the arterial trace 106.
Before discussing the processing of the ECG and arterial wave signals with respect to the oscilloscope, attention is called to FIG. 3 which shows the relative real timing of the cardiac cycle as represented by electrocardiogram 402, radial arterial pressure waveform 407, and the curve 404, representing the leg pressure rise 405 exerted by the external circulatory assist device on legs of a patient.
The electrocardiograph is characterized by R wave 415, sometimes called a QRS complex, and a T wave 420 see FIG. 4. The beginning of systole is manifested at 399 or about 40 ms after the R wave peak 415. A radial arterial sensing of this heart action will provide a waveform representative of the heart cycle; however, the precise time at which the arterial waveform is sensed, as shown in FIG. 4, will be out of phase with the ECG signal itself by a time dependent on the particular site at which the arterial waveform is sensed. Moreover, a modified waveform, and not the arterial waveform itself, will be sensed at the radial arterial sites. These modified arterial waveforms are characterized by a so-called dicrotic notch 409 which is a manifestation of the beginning of diastole in the cardiac cycle.
In the apparatus described above and known in the prior art, the external assist pressurization, for example at the legs, was to occur at a time (D,) after the triggering signal; milliseconds later the pressure wave reached the heart and after more milliseconds it was sensed at the wrist, the pre-selected sensing site. Thus, the external pressure wave became effective at the heart at the start of diastole as desired. This time corresponds, with reference to an arterial waveform, to the appearance of dicrotic notch 409 on the arterial waveform at the wrist and the apparatus was designed to initiate the pressure pulse at the legs at a time equal to seconds before the manifestation of diastole at the wrist.
A signal from an arterial pressure-sensing device 99 was fed into a dual trace oscilloscope 101 along with a signal from ECG device 102. The duration of an intensification of these signals was the duration of a pressure command signal as receiyed from druation signal gen: erator 88 and appeared as intensifications of ECG trace 104 and arterial trace 106. Delay devices of 90 milliseconds and 80 milliseconds respectively, caused the pressure command signal to appear on both waveforms in approximately correct time relationship referenced to the actual ECG and arterial pressure. D, i.e., variable delay 86 was used to bring the intensification signal into register with the diastolic period as viewed on either the ECG or arterial traces, thereby simultaneously phasing the pressurization wave to the cardiac cycle.
The operator of the apparatus also has variable control means for changing the characteristics of the duration signal generator 88 to provide the intensified signal duration which is required for a particular patient. On the oscilloscope 100, this duration showed up as intensifications 103 of the oscilloscope traces.
This prior control system depended for optimum operation on the pre-selection of a particular arterialsensing site, such as the wrist, which would typically be about 90 milliseconds out of phase with the ECG cycle.
In order to make it possible to avoid pre-selection of a given delay such as the aforesaid 90 milliseconds between the ECG event and the sensing thereof at the wrist, the following system is utilized:
A signal from an ECG device 102 is fed through a trigger generator 84, delay 86, and duration signal generator 88, into an 80 ms delay device 110 as before. The output from device 110, a pulse equal in duration to D is delayed from the R wave by a time D (imparted by delay 86) plus 80 milliseconds. This pulse is used to provide the ECG (Channel 1) intensification.
The pulse is also fed into variable delay device 112, from which-a signal is obtained which is delayed from the R wave by a time equalling D plus 80 milliseconds plus D wherein D is the variable delay imparted by adjustable delay device 112. i
The trigger signal from trigger generator 84, meanwhile, is being fed to a 40-millisecond delay device 114, and thence to a variable delay device 116. The output from device 116 is fed to a marker generator 118, which generates a marker pulse delayed from the R wave by D plus 40 milliseconds wherein D is the variable delay imparted by adjustable delay device 116. The signals from marker generator 118 and delay device 112 are fed into pulse mixer 120 and the resulting signal is fed to the channel 2 trace of the oscilloscope, i.e., that channel showing the arterial waveform.
In operation, a marker pip from generator 118, and illustrated alternatively as 414, 415 or 416 on FIG. 4, depending on the placement of the arterial sensor 99, is moved along arterial trace 106 to a position which is at the start of systole, e.g., as shown at 414. This position is characterized by the start of a fast rise 403 in the arterial trace.
The marker pip can be moved by use of marker position control 122 throughout a range equivalent to the D variable time delay simultaneously achievable with delay devices 112 and 116. As the marker pip is so moved, the intensified trace provided by duration generator 86 and representative of the external assist pressure stroke follows the marker pip but is delayed by an amount D less 40 milliseconds from the marker pip.
In use, the operator of the apparatus will first look at the arterial trace and adjust marker position control 122 and move the marker pip to its desired position, indicative of the start of systole. This time is equal to 40 milliseconds plus the delay imparted by variable delay device 1 16. Next variable delay device 86, i.e., D will be set by adjusting delay control 124 to bring the intensification signal into register with the dicrotic notch, thereby adjusting the time between notch and the intensification signal to a time represented in FIG. 4 by D Finally duration generator 88 is set by adjusting duration control 126 to give the proper pulse length, i.e., as shown by numerals 410, 411, 412 and 413 for ECG,
Central Aorta, radial artery and finger plethysmograph,
respectively, thereby phasing the pressurization wave to the cardiac cycle.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which might be said to fall therebetween.
What is claimed is:
L'In an external circulatory assist apparatus comprising means to pressurize a portion of a patients body, means to synchronize actuation of said pressurization means on a portion of the body with the heart cycle of a patient being treated, means for creating an arterial waveforms signal representative of said heart cycle, and display means for monitoring a said waveform signal exhibiting a dicrotic notch portion representative of said heart cycle in the form of visible traces on said display means the improvement wherein said synchronizing means includes:
A. means to provide first and second intensified marker pips on said display means displaying a marker trace representative of said arterial waveform derived from a patient,
B. a first means to adjust the position of said first marker pip relative to and along said waveform to a characteristic and identifiable position of arterial waveforms, said adjusting means also forming,
C. means to, concurrently with the adjustment of said first marker pip, move a second intensified pip along said waveform at a constant distance from said first marker, and
D. A second independent adjusting means to bring said intensified trace into register with the dicrotic notch of said waveform, said first and second adjusting means for moving said trace pips further forming variable-time adjusting means and synchronization means between a patients heart cycle and the start of said pressurization of his body.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means to provide said second said intensified marker pip comprises means to form an ECG-derived signal, a signal generator, means for triggering said signal generator by said ECG-derived signal, a variable delay means, a marker pip generator, and a pulse mixer for integrating said second marker pip signal with a signal representative of a pressure wave exerted by said external assist apparatus on said patient.
3. Apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said variable delay means provides a delay variable over a time difference at least equal to the time elapsing from diastole in a patients heart cycle to the time such diastole is registered in said patients digital extremities.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said position adjusting means provide means to adjust said marker pip over a portion of the waveform equivalent in length to time elapsing from diastole in a patients heart cycle to the time such diastole is registered in said patients digital extremities.
5. In apparatus for applying external pressure assist action to the limbs of a patient in cyclic synchronization with the heartbeat of said patient, wherein said assist is achieved with means for transmitting pressure to said limbs through a fluid-filled bladder pressurizing means surrounding said limbs, means for creating an arterial waveform signal representative of said heartbeat and display means for monitoring a said waveform signal representative of said hearbeat in the form of visible traces on said display means, wherein the apparatus also includes a visual cycle-phasing monitor comprising:
A. a multi-channel display means for displaying 1. an ECG trace, and 2. a trace derived from an arterial pressure sensor,
B. means for visually displaying for the relative time duration of a pressure command signal on said traces, and
C. manual means to adjust the relative timing and duration of said pressure command signal, while simultaneously achieving a visual adjustment of said signal to bring it into the desired relationship to said ECG trace or arterial trace; and means to initi ate said pressure command signal; and wherein said apparatus comprises:
A. means to provide a first marker pip on display apparatus displaying a marker trace representative of a radial arterial waveform derived from a patient,
B. means to adjust the position of said marker pip relative to said waveform to a characteristic and identifiable configuration of arterial waveforms, said adjusting means also forming,
C. means to, form an intensified trace on said waveform,
D. means to move, concurrently with said adjusting, an intensified trace along said waveform at a constant distance from said first marker, and
E. means to bring said intensified trace into register with the dicrotic notch of said waveform, thereby adjusting the synchronization for activating said pressure command signal.
6. In apparatus for applying external pressure assist action to the limbs of a patient in cyclic synchronization with the heartbeat of said patient, wherein said apparatus comprises means for producing a pressure command signal, means for transmitting pressure through a hydraulic cylinder to said limbs through a fluid-filled bladder pressurizing means surrounding said limbs in response to means for activating said pressure command signal, and means for creating an arterial waveform signal representative of said heartbeat and display means for monitoring a said waveform signal representative of said heartbeat in the form of visible traces on said display means, and wherein the apparatus includes A. an ideal pressure waveform generator means,
B. actual limb pressure waveform sensing means,
C. said display means forming means for continually comparing said ideal and actual waveforms, and
D. variable valve means, responsible to a signal from said comparing means, to modify fluid flow to said hydraulic cylinder and thereby to transmit pressure to said limbs through said fluid-filled bladder more nearly achieve said ideal-pressure waveform at said limbs the improvement wherein said apparatus comprises:
A. means to provide a first marker pip on display apparatus displaying a marker trace representative of said arterial waveform derived from a patient,
B. means to adjust the position of said marker pip relative to said waveform to a characteristic and identifiable configuration of arterial waveforms, said adjusting means also forming,
C. means to, form an intensified trace on said waveform,
D. means to move, concurrently with said adjusting, an intensified trace along said waveform at a constant distance from said first marker, and
E. means to bring said intensified trace into register with the dicrotic notch of said waveform, thereby adjusting the synchronization for activating said pressure command signal.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 comprising: A. a multi-channel oscillosopce adapted to display 1. an ECG trace, and
2. a trace derived from an arterial pressure sensor,
B. means for visually displaying of the relative time duration of a pressure command signal on said traces, and
C. manual means to adjust the relative timing and duration of said pressure command signal, while simultaneously achieving a visual adjustment of said signal to bring it into the desired relationship to said ECG trace.
8. In a process for synchronizing a pulsed pressurizing action of an external pressure circulatory assist apparatus with the heartbeat cycle of a patient being treated with said apparatus, said process including the steps of using a display means exhibiting a trace derived from an arterial pressure sensor as a means to judge when said pressurizing action is to be initiated, the improvement comprising the steps of 1. adjusting a reference pip on said arterial trace display means to that portion of said arterial trace which is indicative of the start of the systole rise,
2. simultaneously positioning a second marker pip representative of the time and duration of said pressurization action on said arterial trace proximate and dicrotic notch portion of said trace so that said second pip coincides with the dicrotic notch of said arterial trace, and simultaneously adjusting, through setting a variable time delay means, the synchronization of a patients heartbeat with said pulsed pressurizing action, and
3. adjusting the pulse time of said pressurization action by operating a duration control means which simultaneously expands the second marker pip to form a visual representation of the pulse time on said arterial trace.
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Decline of Video Gaming Rated 4.2010 Stars Bad video-games have become the ultimate foe! the out-takes are intense! Comedy - Parody A Phoenix Wrong Tribute 2 Rated 3.7943 Stars The second Phoenix Wrong Tribute by Kitsunedai, with a surprising final scene! Comedy - Parody Legend of Miyamoto Rated 4.4217 Stars Shigeru Miyamoto falls into the world of Mario, how will he get home? Music Video We Broke Rated 2.9410 Stars Don't spend no money....


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Hotels in 01244 - Mill River MA
Only hotels in 01244 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Mill River, MA for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 01244 hotels and motels so you can review the Mill River hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Berkshire county and area code 413 are also listed.
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press release
Below is the statement of the Minister of Communication during the press conference of February 14, 2013.
Ladies and gentlemen,
"Allow me, on behalf of the government of the Republic, to thank you for your instant and massive response to this press briefing.
The purpose of our present meeting is on the recent working visit which the Head of State paid to France from January 28 to February 2, 2013 at the invitation of the President of the French Republic, H.E François Hollande.
A good range of government members, businessmen and representatives of Cameroon's employers were in the delegation of the Head of State's visit.
Upon his arrival on French soil, the President of the Republic, His Excellency Paul Biya, was cordially welcomed by French officials. This official reception was marked by the patriotic fervor demonstrated by an important Cameroonian community residing in France who overcame the throes of winter temperature in order to showcase its unwavering commitment to their Head of State.
The working visit of the Head of State was highlighted by three major phases:
The first phase, which took place on January 30, 2013 at the Elysee Palace, was related to a lengthy discussion between the Head of State of Cameroon and French President François Hollande.
The two Heads of State discussed issues of common interest and agreed on strengthening and consolidating bilateral cooperation between the two countries.
In the same occasion, the two Heads of State of Cameroon and French also discussed issues relating to peace and development in Africa and the need for concerted actions.
At the end of the audience, President Paul Biya straightforwardly answered questions from the international press, speaking with a perfect mastery of issues relating to:
- The protection and promotion of human rights in Cameroon;
- The ongoing debate on dual nationality;
- The debate on the legalization of homosexuality;
- Or the case of some compatriots at war with the law for embezzling public funds.
The second phase of the working visit of the president of the Republic of Cameroon in France was marked on January 31, 2013, by a meeting with representatives of French and Cameroon employers within the framework of the Cameroon-France Forum organized by MEDEF, under the theme "Cameroon-France, for a sustainable economic partnership."
This Forum was an opportunity to some government members and businessmen who were part of the official delegation of the President of the Republic to brief on certain issues as well as to have fruitful exchanges.
On this occasion;
The Minister of Economy, Planning and Regional Development mentioned the broad economic policy guidelines of Cameroon by recalling the performance of our country with a growth rate of 5,1% in 2012, that is an increase of 1%, in line with the objective set up by Cameroon to gain at least one (01) growth point every year.
This development, as the Minister of Economy, planning and Regional Development pointed out, is a result, among others, of the resurgence of oil production, the launching of major development projects and dynamism of other sectors such as agriculture or telecommunication.
The Minister of Economy, Planning and Regional Development however mentioned the need for the Cameroonian government to meet the challenges of agricultural mechanization, the creation of banks for SMSEs and agro-pastoral sector, as well as the facilitation of actions related to the creation of enterprises.
In the same vein, he mentioned the interest of professionalizing human resource trainings, and creating economic zones to expand opportunities in the private sector by improving the movement of people and goods at the sub-regional level.
Concluding his statement, the Minister of Economy, Planning and Regional Development reminded the French Employers that our country offers considerable advantages such as economy stability, peace or democracy which are reliable indications confirming that Cameroon is a good risk for French investors.
The Minister of Industry, Mines and Technological Development, on its part, presented the state of affairs and prospects of the mining and industrial cooperation with France.
Regarding the industrial sector, he mentioned the large number of French companies operating in Cameroon. This point was further developed in details by the President of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Handicraft.
Regarding the geological and mining sector, he mentioned the presence of the French company PERENCO, since twenty years, in the hydrocarbons, sectors, as well as the collaboration of the Geological and Mining Research Office known in its French acronym as BRGM for the admission of Cameroon into the Kimberley process which took place on August 2012.
Nevertheless, the Minister of Industry, Mines and Technological Development stated that this cooperation could be improved in respect of the concrete possibilities of both countries.
The communication of the Minister of Water and Energy Resources concentrated on the state of affairs and business opportunities in its field of work.
In this vein, he mentioned the legal framework governing this sector of activity and which offers many advantages for foreign investors, citing among others
- The law on the public/private partnership contract,
- The law on electricity
- And the gas code.
The minister of Water and Energy Resources then presented to French Employers the various major projects whose feasibility studies are already available and which need funds for their realization.
In addition, he informed the French employers the building of the Lom Pangar storage dam, Memvele'e and Mekin hydroelectric dams whose construction works are being carried out, or the Kribi gas-fired power plant whose construction works are over.
The Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicrafts, on its part, communicated on the following four major aspects: the support scheme to small and medium sized enterprises and small and medium sized industries before the 1986 economic crisis, the promotion policy of small and medium sized enterprises and industries, prospects and cooperation lines.
Regarding the support scheme to small and medium sized enterprises and industries before the 1986 economic crisis, the Minister deeply explained the major assistance programme to the creation, follow-up and financing of small and medium sized enterprises as well as the access policies to external trade.
Talking about the policy to promote small and medium sized enterprises and industries after the economic crisis, the concerned minister mainly stated the different reforms undertaken by the Head of State to alleviate poverty in the short, medium and long term.
Regarding the prospects and cooperation lines, the Minister of small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicrafts made important announcements, stating among others;
- The creation of a small and medium sized enterprises bank,
- The creation of "a nursery of public enterprises" to build home structures in certain towns offering premises and services suitable for the special needs of newly created enterprises or those still to be created.
- The creation of an Agency to promote small and medium sized enterprises,
- The setting up of a technical and financial support to small and medium sized enterprises mainly dealing with the transformation of local products of mass consumption.
In addition, on high instructions of the Head of State, the Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicrafts received in audience Mister François Turcas, president of the General Confederation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of the French Rhône region and chief of the second grouping of French enterprises. At the end of this audience, Mister Francios Turcas proposed to travel to Cameroon, in the second half of March this year, with a delegation of French businessmen to prospect and exchange with their Cameroonian counterparts on the possible cooperation sectors.
The Minister of Finance, answering questions from economic investors, reassured them, reminding that Cameroon, among others, respects the four convergence criteria of the CEMAC zone, proving the quality of its signature in the current context.
In addition, he mentioned that on-going and future actions are implemented to improve the business climate and attract foreign investments in Cameroon.
In the same vein, the Head of State himself instructed appropriate measures for the investment code to meet the expectations of investors.
The communication of the President of the Chamber of Commerce highlighted that if we have more than two hundred French enterprises based in Cameroon, 80% of them are big structures, and 20% are small and medium sized enterprises.
For a better management of this disparity, a subcontracting and partnership exchange has been set up with the support of ONUDI, the European Union and the Cameroonian government. This structure, placed under the mentorship of the Ministry of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicrafts, acts as connector between big sized and small and medium sized enterprises. More concretely, it has to identify enterprises and assess their technical capacities in order to connect them for possible partnerships in the aim of subcontracting in the major development projects.
Communicating on the theme "Meeting the competitiveness and attractiveness challenge: for a business environment favourable to investment and the development of the private sector," the President of the GICAM insisted on two points:
First of all, he took stock on the business climate in Cameroon, talking about aspects relating to the dialogue between the public and private sectors.
Secondly, he communicated on the issue of financing economy through a careful review of bank activities in Cameroon, which are meant to play a key role to meet the economy competitiveness and attractiveness challenge.
This forum was closed up by the Head of State who, in his closing statement, lauded the quality of the partnership that our country has with France and the French businessmen, particularly through the actions of the French Development Agency, which successfully carried out the first Debt Relief and Development Contract, and encouraged the development of a second C2D.
In addition, in a substantiated and highly convincing methodological approach, President Paul Biya, as a strong Team Leader, remarkably presented the "Cameroon Enterprise" by referring to the efforts made in our country to improve the business environment, promoting good governance and the fight against corruption.
On the basis of these substantiated ideas, the Cameroonian Head of State called on French investors to get involved in a win-win partnership in the execution of projects in Cameroon under the following priority areas:
- Infrastructure;
- Education,
- Health,
- Governance
- The development of agricultural production, which aims to make our country the "breadbasket of Africa".
The third phase of the working visit of President Paul Biya in France was made up of a hand full of audiences granted on the one hand to key figures in the French political and economic landscape and to representatives of Cameroonian community residing in France on the other hand, notably:
Under Ladies:
- Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO;
- Clara Gaymard, President of French's General Electric;
- Patricia Balme of PM Com International,
Under Men:
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, former French President;
- Claude Gueant, former French minister of the Interior;
- Dov Zerah, Director General of the French Development Agency;
- Vilgrain Alexander, president of the French Council of Investors in Africa, accompanied by buinsessmen of the said council;
- Yannick Morillon, CEO of GEOCOTON, strategic partner of SODECOTON in Cameron;
- Vincent Bolloré, CEO of BOLLORE Group;
- Guillaume Giscard d'Estaing, CEO of SOFEMA Group;
- Hervé Bourges, chairman of the Standing Committee on Diversity at France Televisions.
Regarding the representatives of the Cameroonian community residing in France, President Paul Biya expressed his gratitude to this important Diaspora for their warm welcome on his arrival, while calling on them to continue being excellent Cameroon ambassadors in their home country.
The Head of State also reiterated his wish to see this pool of experts in making a decisive contribution to the implementation of the major achievements policy.
This is, Ladies and Gentlemen, a résumé of the intense activity which marked the recent visit of the President of the Republic in France. A visit, which permitted, on the one hand to our Head of State and his French counterpart to recall the excellent relationship between our country and its historical partner, and on the other hand to present to French businessmen the significant developments and the economic prospects of Cameroon to bring these businessmen to be involved, for a reciprocal benefit, in the realization of the greater achievements of our President of the Republic, His Excellency Paul Biya.
Thank you for your kind attention."


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For thoroughly cleaning wheel rims in combination with all SONAX wheel rim cleaners. For especially stubborn and difficult to access grime.
This is quite a small brush at 13cm in length, but the microfibre weave is excelent for between spokes to remove stubborn spots. There is no metal so is very safe.
Directions for use:
For more than 60 years, SONAX has been improving and expanding their product portfolio through extensive research and development. Globally, the SONAX brand is synonymous with the highest standards and latest technologies in the car care sector. Innovation, excellent product performance and a variety of engagements in international motorsport have played a major role in their success. All SONAX products are developed and manufactured in Neuburg, Germany. SONAX is the only car care brand approved for use by all German car manufacturers.
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The Gilmer High School basketball teams rebounded from tough losses against River Ridge with big wins over rival Pickens. The win was the 14th on the year for the Bobcats, and 10th for the Lady Cats. Both improved to 2-1 in region play and will face Cass in a makeup game this weekend.
Click here for a region 7A-AAAA update.
Region 7-AAAA Basketball Standings Update
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Spanish artist Pepa Prieto creates these intricately woven mixed media pieces that bring nothing but a smile to my face. Lots of her art has underlying tones of violence and anger, but she channels both beautifully.
Everton Terrace
Very very nice. I have a friend who would just flip for these.
08-26-10 » 2:03 pm »


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GSA Reforms are Improving Efficiency, Customer Service
September 17, 2012
More than 60 years ago, the General Services Administration was founded in the wake of World War II to deliver consistent and responsive services to federal agencies, services which would also ensure value to taxpayers. Today, everyone at GSA continues to take enormous pride in that mission and since April of this year, we have been engaged in an effort to refocus this agency on our core objective of providing effective and efficient service for the entire federal government.
At a time when every agency is coping with shrinking budgets and growing expectations, we know that the services GSA provides have never been more important. For the past five months, GSA has conducted a top-to-bottom review to examine how we operate and what reforms could be implemented to help the entire federal government give the American people the service they deserve.
This review has already yielded several important reforms that are generating better service and greater savings throughout the government.


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Dormitory Döblinger Hauptstraße 55 (II), 1190 Wien
The location of the house is perfect for all students of the BOKU (University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences). But also the University of Vienna and the University Campus are not far away due to the good connection with the public transportation. The dormitory offers you modern and comfortable double and single rooms in triplex-units with a mini kitchen. Relaxing, studying and getting to know new people is also quite important for you? No problem. Just check out the nice garden and courtyard!
12-month-dormitory (1.10. - 30.09.)
(Rooms are also offered during summer!)
Click here for all Summer dormitories
Washing machine and dryer, gym, bicycle storage and garden.
Single and double rooms in triplex units. Equipped with bed, closet, desk, chair, whiteboard, shelf, furniture safe, door intercom, Flat-TV as well as internet connection. Each apartment is equipped with shower/toilet and a mini kitchen with seating accomodation. Mini-kitchen with fridge, ceran stove, oven, sink and microwave.
Nearby universities
We offer barrier-free accessible rooms on request.
(Front house entrance - after the main door in the passage to the right)
Rooms and prices
65 spots in total
(53 single /12 double)
Single room
€ 397,-
Double room
€ 314,-
prices per bed per month
Request available spots
contact form
Please notice that the dorm administrator can't give you information about available dorm spots.
Dormitory administrator
Daniel Blazanovic
Tel: +43 (0)676 898 448 525
Tue 9:00 am - 10:00 am
Thu 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
(check-in and check-out at a different time only with a fixed appointment!)
Döblinger Haupstraße 55, 1190 Wien


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When a couple is expecting, they would surely be excited to prepare the baby's needs. That includes the clothes, the toys, and most expecailly the nursery room. The parents-to-be would make sure that their little one will have the best nursery room ever. Aside from the excitement they both feel, it is their love that prevails moving them to prepare for their baby's needs. It is indeed an amazing thing that most babies already have their own place even before they come into this world.
Having a boy would be as exciting as having a baby girl. But of course there would be a difference when decorating their nursery rooms. So, if you are confused as to what to place in your baby boy's room, then we will give you ideas on how to do it. There are different nursery room themes for baby boys. We will let you see possible themes that you can apply. Scroll down and take a glimpse at appealling nursery rooms for boys.
Alligator Nursery
Amazon Jungle
Beach Baby
Blue and Green Giddy Doty
Blue Moon and Star Nursery
Classic Sports Nursery
Travel Time Nursery
Gus Nursery
Hadley Nursery
Monkey See, Monkey Do Nursery
Navy Harper Nursery
Beacon Hill Nursery
Sailor Nursery
Sea Animals Nursery
Sea Turtle Nursery
Boys Like Trucks Nursery
Western Cowboy Nursery
Bradley Nursery
Honey Bear Nursery
Sports Nursery
Some people think that boys only have few choices when it comes to designing a bedroom but with the showcase of nursery room for boys above, you will surely be amazed at the numerous themes you can choose from for yout little prince. You can also think of other themes that would suit you baby and try to create it on your own way. You will be amazed at how lovely it would look afterwards. You can make use of this collection as your inspiration. Or if you are having a baby girl, then take a look at our collection of nursery rooms for girls.


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Friday evening, we went to Los Cucos (ole!) for dinner and the weather was just perfect. We sat on the patio and watched the sunset while we ate. It was really nice and relaxing.
Saturday, Dereck had a bunch of fun errands to run (i.e. inspection, car wash, blah blah blah) so I stayed my butt in bed and had an all day long date with my bed and Grey's Anatomy on Netflix. I'm finally working my way through the 9th season so I'll be caught up soon! Not sure if I should be proud or ashamed of that. Who cares.
Lexie and Mark are why we can't wait to tell someone we love them, people!
Grow some balls and say something before it's too late!
This show is making me a crazy person.
Saturday night, we went to Buffalo Wild Wings for dinner. You can never go wrong with wings! We were supposed to go to a Mustang car meet but dinner ran late and we ended up just heading home to watch Jobs, which I totally fell asleep during so I need to try watching it again.
Easter Sunday. My family doesn't normally do anything, especially with Cristian being away at school, but he came home last minute. Unfortunately I had already made other plans and ended up sticking with them. My family isn't really religious to begin with so I only missed out on lunch. We did what we did last year (and what I'm presuming to be a tradition) and went to a park with our friends and their families. They bbq'ed sausage and brisket and then played some kickball! It was a blast and again, the weather was amazing. It was a really nice day overall. Also, copious amounts of these were consumed:
Last night, Dereck, Gabriel (Dereck's brother) and I went to BJ's to wrap up the weekend. Fin.


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Cynné, Arch at the Oscars: Making today's Hollywood look like the 1920s
February 25, 2012 - 07:14 pm
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ABC7's Arch Campbell and Cynné Simpson are reporting from Hollywood on the 84th Academy Awards.
Today, they give us a look at how The Artist, a best movie favorite, used contemporary Hollywood locations and made them work for a silent movie set in the 1920s.
Would you like to contribute to this story? Join the discussion.


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I missed this interview CNN's Rick Sanchez has Thursday with Michael Goldfarb, spokesman for the John McCain campaign. In it Sanchez asks about why voters should be concerned that Barack Obama was at the farewell dinner for Rashid Khalidi, and Goldfarb responds that Obama has made a habit of hanging out with anti-Semites. Sanchez asks Goldfarb to name another beside Khalidi and first he mentions Bill Ayers and then goes blank.
"OK ... give me No. 2," Sanchez said. "Who is the other anti-Semitic person he hangs around with that we 'all know about.'"
"Rick, we both know who No. 2 is."
"Who? Would you tell us?"
"No, Rick. I think we all know who we are talking about here."
Thanks for sending it along @ejrhee.
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Bridge Street Corridor Study
Location: Dublin, Ohio. Small town in Ohio
CONTEXT: An affluent community, 10 miles from downtown Columbus and Ohio's wealthiest suburb, sprawled from a population of 2,500 in 1960 to 41,000 residents and 50,000 jobs by 2011. Jack Nicklaus golf courses, upscale shopping centers, and class A office parks positioned the community as the premier housing and office market. Thanks to Ohio's 2% municipal tax on employee earnings, schools, public services, libraries, recreational facilities, and other amenities top national surveys.
MISSION: Named a best place to live and work by Business Week and Forbes, the community took pride in its successful sprawl growth model for five decades. Triggered by a downturn in revenues (the community's first), the city manager grew concerned about long-term viability of sprawl to attract residents and hold onto employers facing the growing challenge of attracting educated, skilled employees. The sprawl growth model was breaking down. A consultant-led study and visioning process resulted in the community rejecting a growth pattern focused around lifestyle centers and instead committed to replacing sprawl with a new urbanist growth model that focused more than half the community's growth for the next twenty years into a compact, walkable, mixed-use downtown.
SITE: The study identified a collection of outmoded office parks and failed shopping centers along a 2 mile corridor (roughly 1,000 acres) as the right place to create a new downtown.
MARKET AND PROGRAM: Market studies projected a dramatic shift from a largely single-family market to a growing demand for lofts and a variety of high quality multi-family housing. Similarly, office and retail markets had shifted from traditional office and shopping center environments to a more diverse mix of places to work and shop located primarily in or near Main Street environments. Development program over 20 years: roughly 10 million SF, approximately 60% housing.
COMMUNITY PROCESS: Workshops, a charrette, and public meetings supported by national speakers to address widespread initial skepticism and build understanding and support for a new urbanist vision.
Core principles: (1) Create vibrant, walkable environments that enhance economic vitality (2) Provide civic and cultural amenities and lively public spaces that integrate the downtown into the community's life (3) celebrate the natural setting and sustainability (4) expand choices available to the community with new options for housing, jobs, shopping, recreation, transportation (5) create places that promote community such as lively squares, parks, and Main Streets.
VISION FRAMEWORK: A series of walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods—each with a different emphasis: (residential, retail and entertainment, jobs, central park, historic village) that together form a lively, varied, downtown district and heart for the larger community. Net densities averaging 1.0 to 2.5 FAR support active street life. Retail uses are encouraged everywhere and required facing squares and along "Main Streets"; in other areas street level townhouses (often as the lower levels of multi-family buildings) or other uses that foster an interactive public environment are required. Each neighborhood forms an eco-district that addresses energy and water on a shared basis. Creeks and other natural features constitute a signature green system and both sides of a river become a "central park".
PHASING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND PROGRESS TO DATE: Council approved the plan and appointed a deputy city manager to coordinate city departments, negotiate with developers, inform the larger community, oversee development approvals, and similar tasks. Council is adopting a Form Based Code. Two developers announced redevelopment of bookend sites (50-75 acres) for six million SF in accordance with the plan and Code. The plan has inspired the regional planning agency to reassess transportation funding to incentivize additional compact suburban development.
Response to Charter Principles
THE REGION: METROPOLIS, CITY, AND TOWN. The plan creates an identifiable, compact center, reversing fifty years of sprawl; reasserts a river, creeks, and ravines as natural features that define community character; breaks the tradition of subdivisions and office parks by creating distinctive, interconnected, neighborhoods that emanate from the historic village center; includes civic and cultural uses in addition to a mix of private uses; introduces this suburb's first affordable housing; and introduces "transit ready" nodes consciously planned to be the region's first suburban transit destinations.
1, 2, 7 and 8. Neighborhoods, districts, corridors. Neighborhoods are formed around quarter-mile walking radii. Each features a mix of uses with varying degrees of emphasis ranging from retail, to housing, entertainment, office, or research—and includes or borders a significant public space. The arterial connector road is transformed into a walkable Main Street with curbside parking, street trees, and a series of personalities—location for larger retail to the north, restored central Main Street for the historic village, and an "address" street for office and a mix of uses to the south. To ensure that all new buildings, public spaces, and roadways and other infrastructure are planned and designed to emphasize neighborhood building qualities, the community has already commissioned a pattern book in conjunction with a new design review and approvals process.
3. Civic, institutional, commercial and other activities should occur within walking distance. Walk to work, shop, entertainment, and recreation is strongly encouraged—and reinforced by new street grids, required mixed-use, and maximum parking ratios often half minimums required elsewhere. A new city hall and central library, fronting a new town green will replace auto-oriented facilities. The plan requires lively public spaces and incentivizes additional public and cultural uses.
4. Broad range of housing types and price levels. Plan emphasizes importance of providing a diverse mix of housing types and pricing—including a significant rental component—to provide income, age, race, and lifestyle diversity not readily apparent in existing neighborhoods. This concept has met with broad community and developer support.
5 and 6. Transit and density. The community is strongly encouraging developers to achieve allowed densities to create two "transit ready" nodes—in the two bookend initial developments—and based on the plan has reversed a longstanding policy and initiated a transit study to assess opportunities for BRT or streetcar service connecting to other regional destinations. These densities also support neighborhood-based retail.
9. A range of [green and public places]. All undeveloped natural areas are preserved. The plan creates a continuous greenway system that connects a new central riverfront park to a series of natural creek and ravine corridors, and new public parks. The greenway also channels and absorbs stormwater.
THE BLOCK, THE STREET, AND THE BUILDING. All buildings frame and open to streets, squares, or natural places. The downtown is fully auto accessible, but emphasizes walkability; through-traffic is focused toward a nearby expressway. A new city hall and library frame a town green. New development provides a visible transition to the preserved historic village center.
The canons of sustainable architecture and urbanism. The mixed-use downtown consists entirely of redeveloped sites (more than half of redevelopment will replace surface parking) and will shift roughly one-half of the community's total new development from greenfields to grey and (limited) brownfields. Proposed densities represent a five-to-ten-fold increase over recently approved developments. Eco-districts will enable buildings to share energy and grey water (taking advantage of different peak usage periods)—in part greatly expanding the ability to utilize solar and wind energy generation.
Lessons Learned
PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN. Densities of FAR 1.0 to 2.5 (consistent with lower-cost, frame construction)—if housing represents half or more of the development—are sufficient to support extensive neighborhood-serving retail; these densities can also equate to lively pedestrian streets day and evening.
Replacing automobile-scaled superblocks with a pedestrian-scaled grid is more readily achievable if some of the blocks are scaled—minimum dimension 300' plus sidewalks—to accommodate lower cost "liner" housing or even office together with retail to buffer parking structures from streets. A mix of uses with different peaks, together with shared parking, can reduce total parking needs by 30-50% below levels already adjusted down for walkable connections and transit. Civic, cultural, educational, recreation, lively public spaces, and new shopping and entertainment choices can provide a sense of social and civic as well as physicalconnectivity to a new district.
SUSTAINABILITY. Replacing auto-dependent greyfield development can require more than tripling existing densities to provide sufficient value to owners—whose sites are often free of mortgages and provide steady, dependable cash flow.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES. Market studies provide a skeptical community and its leadership confidence that mixed-use, walkable, new urbanist redevelopment is achievable. New urbanism provides a spoken and graphic language to convey the human scale, delight and community-building value of higher density, mixed-use development to a suburban community. "Walkable urbanism" creates value in the marketplace that can be tapped to fund public realm and infrastructure; amenity-rich, walkable environments are key to 21st century economic development—lively, walkable streets make communities more competitive for the talented knowledge workers who increasingly attract corporate investment. Pattern books and form based codes can simplify project approvals. Rubber tire and streetcar transit in mixed-traffic, can provide affordable—low initial cost—transit and in strong markets, the densities noted above can partially fund capital and operating costs.
Transect Zone(s): T4 general, T5 center.
Status: Plan Approved
Project or Plan's Scale: Region
Land area (in acres): 1000
Total built area (in sq. ft.):
Total project cost (in local currency):
Retail area (in sq. ft.):
Office area (in sq. ft.):
Industrial area (in sq. ft.):
Number of hotel units:
Number of residential units (include live/work): 4000
Parks & green space (in acres):
Project team designers: Goody Clancy
Project team developers: N/A
Previous site status:
Starting/Ending date of construction/implementation: -


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See publications of the Drugs & Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
Hashish (from Arabic: حشيش , lit. "grass"; also hash) is a preparation of cannabis composed of the compressed trichomes collected from the cannabis plant. It contains the same active ingredients but in higher concentrations than other parts of the plant such as the buds or the leaves. Psychoactive effects vary between types of hashish but are usually the same as those of other cannabis preparations such as marijuana. Hash is prohibited to the same extent as all other forms of cannabis.
Hashish is often a solid or paste-like substance of varying hardness and pliability, and will soften under heat. Its color can vary from green, black, reddish brown, or most commonly light to dark brown.
It is consumed in much the same way as cannabis buds, used by itself in a billy with tobacco,or a [smoking pipe (non-tobacco)|miniature smoking pipe]]s, vaporized, hot knifed, smoked in a bong or bubbler, or smoked in joints mixed with tobacco, cannabis buds or other herbs.
It can also be eaten alone (pure hash is described as having a spicy or peppery flavor) as well as used as an ingredient in food (baked into cookies or cakes, or added to stews and chocolate). Sale of hashish is illegal in most parts of the world; it has been decriminalized to some extent in a few countries, such as the Netherlands.
It is believed that hash first originated from Central Asia, as this region was among the first to be populated by the cannabis plant, which may have originated in the Hindu Kush. More reliably, it may have originated in Northern India which also has a very long social tradition in the production of Hashish which is locally known as Charas. Cannabis sativa subsp. indica grows wild almost everywhere in the Indian sub-continent and special strains have been particularly cultivated for production of 'ganja' and 'hashish' particularly in Kerala, Rajasthan and the Himalayas. The earliest hanish was created without the use of sieves. The ancients would gently rub their palms and fingers on cannabis buds for hours while resin accumulated on their hands and then scrape that resin off. This sort of primitive harvesting is undertaken even today in the Cannabis growing farms of Manali, Naggar and Upper Himachal Pradesh. The earliest use of hashish was most likely from farmers scraping resin off of their hands after a day's harvest of commercial hemp and at that time hashish was normally eaten, not smoked.
The word assassin may have been derived from the Arabic word حشّاشين (haššāšīn), or "Hashshāshīn". The Hashashin were allegedly inspired to commit murder under the influence of hashish. Hashish is also said to have been derived from the notorious Hussein Ghanem El Sabbah, an Egyptian hash smoker, living in Sabbah City. Date of Birth: unknown. The legend of hashish-eating assassins began with a vague mention by Marco Polo, and was embellished by 19th century French and American writers, fascinated by orientalism and eager to present hashish as a menace. The legend gained great popularity especially by Charles Baudelaire in his Artificial Paradises of 1857. Others argue that the term could have been created due to political reasons, in order to discredit the sect. It has also been suggested that if hashish were in fact consumed, it had been adulterated with stronger materials, the effects of hashish being well-known and easily recognizable at that time and place. No reports of statistical linkage between hashish and assassins or terror have been published anywhere in the last century.
Consumption of hashish saw an increase in the 20th century, in Europe and America, associated with the hippie scene. Hashish use declined significantly in the United States starting in the 1980s for several reasons, including U. S. political pressures against Afghanistan and the ensuing Soviet invasion, a huge jump in price, and the success of marijuana cultivators in North America with new growing methods for increasing THC production, such as growing marijuana indoors.
Hashish is made from tetrahydrocannabinol-rich glandular hairs known as trichomes, as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments. The flowers of a mature female plant contain the most trichomes, though trichomes are found on other parts of the plant. Certain strains of cannabis are cultivated specifically for their ability to produce large amounts of trichomes. The resin reservoirs of the trichomes, sometimes erroneously called pollen, are separated from the plant through various methods. The resulting concentrate is formed into blocks of hashish, which can be easily stored and transported. Alternatively, the powder consisting of uncompressed, dry trichomes is often referred to as kief instead of hashish.
Mechanical separation methods use physical action to remove the trichomes from the plant. Sieving over a fine screen is a vital part of most methods. The plants may be sifted by hand or in motorized tumblers. Hash made in this way is sometimes called dry sift. Finger hash is produced by rolling the ripe trichome-covered flowers of the plant between the fingers and collecting the resin that sticks to the fingers. Yet another means of harvest is effected by having workers bustle through the cannabis fields wearing specially designed leather aprons, upon which the trichomes collect and adhere. Trichomes and resins can also be collected passively through cleaning of scissors that have been used to cut the plant, or containers like a kief-box used to store it.
Ice water separation is a more modern mechanical separation method which submerges the plant in ice and water and stirs the mixture. Trichomes are broken off the plant as the ice moves and the low temperature makes the trichomes so brittle they break off easily. The waste plant matter, detached trichomes, and water are separated by filtering through a series of increasingly fine screens. Kits are commercially available which provide a series of filter screens meant to fit inside standard bucket sizes. Hash made in this way is sometimes called ice hash, or bubble hash.
Chemical separation methods generally use a solvent to dissolve the desirable resins in the plant while not dissolving undesirable components. The solid plant material is then filtered out of the solution and discarded. The solvent may then be evaporated, leaving behind the desirable resins. As THC is fat-soluble, it also dissolves in butter, which can then be used for cooking (see hash cookies and Alice B. Toklas brownies). The product of chemical separations is more commonly referred to as honey oil, hash oil, or just oil. Some believe that hash oil is best avoided, due both to the dangerous nature of its production and the fear of residual chemicals left in the oil by the solvent. By using the proper cooking and evaporing methods it is even possible to turn this oil into crystal form.
The main factors affecting quality are potency and purity. Different cannabis plants will produce resins with unique chemical profiles that vary in potency. Some forms of hashish are described as producing a "body high" while others are more "cerebral." This depends on the genetic strain and relative amount of different cannabis plants used as well as the manufacturing process involved.
Tiny pieces of leaf matter or even purposefully added adulterants introduced when the hash is being produced will reduce the purity of the material. The THC content of hashish usually ranges from 15–20%, and that of hash oil from 30–40%.
Fresh hashish of good quality is soft and pliable and becomes progressively harder and less potent as it oxidizes.
Hash is generally said to be black, brown or blond. There is also hashish of greenish or reddish hue. A green tinge may indicate that the hashish is impure, has been cut with low-quality leaf or contains high quantities of chlorophyll. A yellow tint can indicate presence of cannabis pollen, which has a sandy color.
Low quality forms of hash often contain adulterants used as cutting agents added to exaggerate the value of hash through increasing the mass or including other cheaper drugs. Such forms usually possess a low potency, may have an unpleasant strangeness in taste and feel, and produce hard, dark "cinders" in the ash which should be soft and white. Adulterants in hash may range from waste material from the cannabis plant (generally not harmful) to products such as food oils and soap, hence the name soap bar. (although some say soap bar is so called due how it is pressed into large, 9 ounce bars, and resembles a large bar of soap- it is often cut with henna oil) The low quality may lead one to smoke more to get the same effect, increasing exposure to carbon monoxide and adverse effects upon the lungs.
A general rule of thumb is that good hashish produces effects which should be rapidly, unmistakably apparent, even with experienced users who have developed tolerance to THC; being unsure of the effects or wanting to use more within a short amount of time means the hashish is either very weak and/or, more likely, adulterated.
Some users have started boiling their hash in water for a few minutes and then drying it before smoking. This is thought to remove all water-soluble adulterants while the psychoactive cannabinols remain intact as the temperature is not sufficient to destroy them and they are not soluble in water.
The smoke and ashes of burnt hash should be light gray or white in color. Dark, acrid smoke and poor ease of inhaling smoke signify that the material is contaminated. It is always best to compost any such unacceptable hashish rather than continue using it in hopes of achieving a high.
Hashish is traditionally produced in desert conditions. It is traditionally found in a belt extending from North Africa, Egypt to North India and into Central Asia . The primary hash-producing countries are Morocco, Afghanistan, Nepal, Lebanon , India and Egypt.
Charas is the primary product. Charas, a substance that is hand-rubbed directly from the cannabis plant, is generally produced in Nepal and India. Today, the word charas is common word for hash in a majority of India, despite the fact that other methods may be used than the hand-rubbed method.
A visitor to the Rif Mountains and the town of Ketama in Morocco in December 1976 described the production of hashish. Workers rubbed the leaves of the cannabis plant over fine muslin fabric. In unheated huts, each worker had his hands and arms inside a regular one hundredweight (50 kg) plastic fertiliser bag containing twigs and leaves of the cannabis plant. In the mouth of the bag was a plastic washing-up bowl. Stretched over the bowl was a sheet of "zero-zero" grade muslin. The worker rubbed the leaves of the cannabis plant over the muslin, resulting in a fine powder ending up in the bowl. When 100 grams of the powder was collected it was then wrapped in more fine muslin, put onto a heated metal plate, and rolled down with a bottle. This process produced a slightly sticky solid brown mass in the form of a square slab, around half the size of a paperback book and about ½ cm thick. This block was wrapped in cellophane. Sellers of this Moroccan hashish pointed to the imprint of the muslin on the surface of the block, and declared it proof that the product was "zero-zero", top quality.
In Afghanistan there is a method of making hash that resembles charas. First, cannabis resin is placed on a large heated mortar, then the resin is threshed with a heavy object. The result is a very gooey, sticky black hash. This method is mostly used in villages around the Hindu Kush mountain region.
Hash is also produced now in the deserts of northern Mexico; however, the demand for it and thus amount produced is insignificant compared to that for "fresh" Mexican marijuana, especially into the lucrative North American market.
By the 1990s, the use of marijuana in the developed world was increasing, as more potent versions were being grown. The Cannabis Cup held every year in Amsterdam attempts to evaluate the quality of the latest varieties.
In France and the German- and French-speaking parts of Switzerland, this is known as Marocain (Maroc meaning "Morocco" in French). In Germany it is known colloquially as "Piece". In Spain it is called Costo, Chocolate, Grifa or Hachís. In Great Britain, hash, resin,"draw" 'solid In the Netherlands, this is called Hasj or Assi (although coffee shops will maintain a wide variety of types, i.e.: Polm, Blond, Tempel Bol, Isolator, Zero-Zero or Waterwerks, generally relating to either the method of production, country of origin or type of marijuana used.). In Brazil, it is commonly called haxixe. Also, there is a branch of nearly white powder hash (pollen or kief hash) that is the result of not stamping the raw material for the more common compressed hashish.
Soft hash is usually dark brown to black in color and goes under the name black in France, squidgey or soft black (named due to the color and properties of the hash) in Great Britain. The very potent Paki Black is so named because it originates in Pakistan. Soft, dark hash in the Netherlands is normally referred to as Afghan. Common Kashmiri brands are Citral and Fungus.
Hashish use is experiencing a resurgence in parts of North America (especially the Pacific Northwest) with the use and commercial availability of ice-water extraction kits.
Used with hashish as with any cannabis, tobacco or other herb material, a vaporizer can extract cannabinoids at a temperature of 350°F./150°C., protecting against loss of this ingredient which occurs in burning, and eliminating carbon monoxide and other combustion toxins. Since hashish is solid, its surface area is enlarged by the user, for a maximum cannabinoid vaporization.


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Item: Tomlinson Dual 12 Quart Food Warmer
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Audio: PremRock – Mark's Wild YearsNovember 23rd, 2012
Many folks these days grab a bundle of tracks, title the collection, and wah-lah, it becomes a record. But in the case of PremRock's new (and free) full-length album, there's a thoroughly thought out concept at play. It's one that's based on Tom Waits recordings, extracting the sounds that have inspired the emcee, and reinterpreting [...]
Tags: Corina Corina, hip hop, Manhattan, Mark's Wild Years, nyc, PA, Planet PremRock, PremRock, Talpas, Tom Waits, willie green, Yuri Beats, Zilla Rocca
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Mixtape: Troy Ave – Bricks In My Backpack 2: Powder to the PeopleAugust 30th, 2011
Troy Ave finally releases the sequel to his last mixtape, Bricks In My Backpack: the Harry Powder Story. The Brooklyn emcee definitely check it out if you want to hear something new. Download it here.
Tags: Bricks in My Backpack 2: Powder to the People, Brooklyn, download, mixtape, new york city, nyc, Troy Ave
Posted in Mixtapes | 1 Comment »
Video: Consequence – Everybody Told MeAugust 16th, 2011
New visuals from the Queens, New York emcee. Originally slated for "Cons TV", "Everybody Told Me" is the most intense & visually engaging video the World has seen some time. Consequence gives you an in-depth look into his soul via an adaptation of the "Tornado scene" from "The Wizard of Oz". Directed by Consequence
Tags: Consequence, everybody told me, music video, Nothing can save you, nyc, queens, visuals
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Mickey Factz – FearlessMay 2nd, 2011
New track from Mickey Factz. This Bronx native has been on the scene for a while. Mostly underground besides his appearance in some mainstream commercials a little while back.
Tags: Mickey Factz, new track, Nothing can save you, nyc
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Video: Wiz Khalifa Rolling Papers Release Show In NYCMarch 31st, 2011
This is a pretty climactic point for Wiz Khalifa, which can be seen in the tears he shed during the performance. Pretty unbelievable how quickly this dude came up, and we applaud the hustle. This should give everyone a bit of motivation to follow their dreams. On a side note, we think it's fair to [...]
Tags: ncsy, new york, Nothing can save you, nyc, release show, rolilng papers, taylor gang, Video, Wiz Khalifa
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Memphis Bleek – A Work in ProcessMarch 27th, 2011
New track from the New York City native. Bleek's been around for a while now and still putting in that work.
Tags: Memphis Bleek, new track, new york city, Nothing can save you, nyc
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Wiz Khalifa – La La (Freestyle)March 10th, 2011
Wiz sat down with Power 105 and DJ Clue recently while in NYC for an interview. This freestyle was swiped from the end, covering Weezy's "La La". Rolling Papers coming soon (March 29).
Tags: dj clue, Freestyle, la la, Nothing can save you, nyc, power 105, rolling papers, Wayne, weezy, Wiz Khalifa
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Video: Kid Cudi Performs in the Streets of NYCNovember 11th, 2010
Cudi gave this unexpected performance to those attending the Bape store the other day. Check out the footage from the event:


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I remember hearing whispers on the forums that the release candidate for Daz Studio 4.5 included a new feature that could potentially allow for even-width outlines, I believe it was something along the lines of support for scripted rendering within Shader Mixer.
I am just wondering if anybody has any more information about such a thing? Considering the limitations of edge-blend based outlines (especially with sharp objects like cubes and swords), I was hoping that such a thing would be possible to achieve.


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Aaron Davidson
Top 7 A+E Picks
By Melissa Goldstein on March 24, 2008 4:55 PM
"Nightwalk;" courtesy of Ryan Seng
Here's 7 not-to-miss A+E happenings this week.
1. Greil Marcus at the Jewish Community Center on Tuesday, March 25
Rock critic and author Greil Marcus discusses his journalistic work on rock n' roll and American culture as well as his latest book The Shape of Things to Come.
Aaron the Intern's Guest Playlist
By Aaron Davidson on March 07, 2008 4:34 PM
courtesy of the Octopus Project
Grown Up Punk: Jay Howell's Solo Debut
By Aaron Davidson on March 05, 2008 4:36 PM
courtesy of Jay Howell
Our Top 7 Art Picks
By Aaron Davidson on February 01, 2008 4:30 PM
Artwork by Charlie Callahan; courtesy Receiver Gallery
Tune in on first Friday's for the Hot List's top 7 gallery openings and art events of the month.
1. "Erotic Art" sneaks an NC-17 peak at the otherwise romantic themes of Valentine's Day with salacious photography, painting and live performance at the City Art Cooperative Gallery. Opening reception February 1 from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.


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Talk dirty to me: Sext Adventure is an iPhone game all about sexting
Are you bummed that don't have anyone to sext with, or that the sexting has dried up in your relationship?
Don't worry. Thanks to a new game, you can sext just as easily as picking up your iPhone and sending a text to a bot.


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|Current Team
|Birth Date
|Place of Birth
|Armstrong, Derek (C)
|Ottawa, ON, CAN
|Arnott, Jason (C)
|Collingwood, ON, CAN
|Atcheynum, Blair (RW)
|Estevan, SK, CAN
|Baron, Murray (D)
|Prince George, BC, CAN
|Bartecko, Lubos (LW)
|Kezmarok, SVK
|Bergevin, Marc (D)
|Montreal, QC, CAN
|Boguniecki, Eric (C)
|New Haven, CT, USA
|Brathwaite, Fred (G)
|Ottawa, ON, CAN
|Brewer, Eric (D)
|Vernon, BC, CAN
|Video ›
|Brimanis, Aris (D)
|Cleveland, OH, USA
|Brind'Amour, Rod (C)
|Ottawa, ON, CAN
|Brodeur, Martin (G)
|Montreal, QC, CAN
|Video ›
|Bure, Valeri (RW)
|Moscow, RUS
|Campbell, Jim (RW)
|Worcester, MA, USA
|Chebaturkin, Vladimir (D)
|Tyumenostal, RUS
|Clarke, Dale (D)
|Belleville, ON, CAN
|Conroy, Craig (C)
|Potsdam, NY, USA
|Corso, Daniel (C)
|Montreal, QC, CAN
|Corson, Shayne (LW)
|Barrie, ON, CAN
|Daigneault, Jean-Jacques (D)
|Montreal, QC, CAN
|Danton, Michael (C)
|Brampton, ON, CAN
|Demitra, Pavol (RW)
|Dubnica Nad Váhom, SVK
|Donato, Ted (LW)
|Boston, MA, USA
|Downey, Aaron (RW)
|Shelburne, ON, CAN
|Drake, Dallas (RW)
|Trail, BC, CAN
|Dubinsky, Steve (RW)
|Montreal, QC, CAN
|Duchesne, Steve (D)
|Sept-Iles, QC, CAN
|Dvorak, Radek (RW)
|Tabor, CZE
|Video ›
|Eakins, Dallas (D)
|Dade City, FL, USA
|Eastwood, Mike (C)
|Ottawa, ON, CAN
|Emerson, Nelson (RW)
|Hamilton, ON, CAN
|Ferraro, Ray (C)
|Trail, BC, CAN
|Finley, Jeff (D)
|Edmonton, AB, CAN
|Fitzpatrick, Rory (D)
|Rochester, NY, USA
|Gill, Todd (D)
|Cardinal, ON, CAN
|Gilmour, Doug (C)
|Kingston, ON, CAN
|Guerin, Bill (RW)
|Worcester, MA, USA
|Gusarov, Alexei (D)
|Moscow, RUS
|Handzus, Michal (C)
|Banská Bystrica, SVK
|Video ›
|Hebert, Guy (G)
|Troy, NY, USA
|Hecht, Jochen (C)
|Mannheim, DEU
|Hedican, Bret (D)
|St. Paul, MN, USA
|Helmer, Bryan (D)
|Sault Ste. Marie, ON, CAN
|Hill, Sean (D)
|Duluth, MN, USA
|Hinote, Dan (RW)
|Leesburg, FL, USA
|Houlder, Bill (D)
|Thunder Bay, ON, CAN
|Housley, Phil (D)
|St. Paul, MN, USA
|Hrkac, Anthony (C)
|Thunder Bay, ON, CAN
|Hull, Brett (RW)
|Belleville, ON, CAN
|Johnson, Brent (G)
|Farmington, MI, USA
Check out the biggest moves of Free Agency! WATCH NOW ›
It's very special, obviously; there is draft day and then there's the day that you sign your first deal. It's been a crazy couple of weeks and I'm very honored to be able to do that."