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Instruments and techniques were developed to obtain the beam characteristics listed above. These include:
As of 2002, commercial knife-edge measurement systems cost $5,000–$12,000 USD and CCD beam profilers cost $4,000–9,000 USD. The cost of CCD beam profilers has come down in recent years, primarily driven by lower silicon CCD sensor costs, and as of 2008 they can be found for less than $1000 USD.
D4σ is shorthand for the diameter than is 4 times σ, where σ is the standard deviation of the horizontal or vertical marginal distribution. Mathematically, the D4σ beam width in the x-dimension for the beam profile is expressed as
is the centroid of the beam profile in the x-direction. The wings of the beam profile influence the D4σ value more than the center of the beam profile since the wings of the marginal distribution are weighted by the square of its distance, x2, from the center of the beam. If the beam does not fill more than a third of the beam profiler's sensor area, then there will be a significant number of pixels at the edges of the sensor that register a small baseline value (the background value). If the baseline value is large or if it is not subtracted out of the image, then the computed D4σ value will be larger than the actual value because the baseline value near the edges of the sensor are weighted in the D4σ integral by x2. Therefore, baseline subtraction is necessary for accurate D4σ measurements. The baseline is easily measured by recording the average value for each pixel when the sensor is not illuminated. The D4σ width, unlike the FWHM and 1/e2 widths, is meaningful for multimodal marginal distributions — that is, beam profiles with multiple peaks — but requires careful subtraction of the baseline for accurate results. The D4σ is the ISO international standard definition for beam width.
Before the advent of the CCD beam profiler, the beam width was estimated using the knife-edge technique. The technique is as follows: slice a laser beam with a razor and measure the power of the clipped beam as a function of the razor position. The measured curve is the integral of the marginal distribution, and starts at the total beam power and decreases monotonically to zero power. The width of the beam is defined as either the distance between the points of the measured curve that are 10% and 90% (or 20% and 80%) of the maximum value. If the baseline value is small or subtracted out, the knife-edge beam width always corresponds to 60%, in the case of 20/80, or 80%, in the case of 10/90, of the total beam power no matter what the beam profile. On the other hand, the D4σ, 1/e2, and FWHM widths encompass fractions of power that are beam-shape dependent. Therefore, the 10/90 or 20/80 knife-edge width is a useful metric when the user wishes to be sure that the width encompasses a fixed fraction of total beam power. Most CCD beam-profiler software can compute the knife-edge width numerically.
The 1/e2 width is equal to the distance between the two points on the marginal distribution that are 1/e2 = 0.135 times the maximum value. If there are more than 2 points that are 1/e2 times the maximum value, then the two points closest to the maximum are chosen. The 1/e2 width only depends on 3 points on the marginal distribution, unlike D4σ and knife-edge widths that depend on the integral of the marginal distribution. 1/e2 width measurements are noisier than D4σ width measurements for each collected CCD frame. For multimodal marginal distributions (a beam profile with multiple peaks), the 1/e2 width usually does not yield a meaningful value and can grossly underestimate of the inherent width of the beam. For multimodal distributions, a D4σ width would be a better choice.
The American National Standard Z136.1-2007 for Safe Use of Lasers (p.6) defines the beam diameter as the distance between diametrically opposed points in that cross-section of a beam where the power per unit area is 1/e (0.368) times that of the peak power per unit area. This is the beam diameter definition that is used for computing the maximum permissible exposure to a laser beam. In addition, the Federal Aviation Administration also uses the 1/e definition for laser safety calculations in FAA Order 7400.2F, "Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters," February 16, 2006, p. 29-1-2.
The D86 width is defined as the diameter of the circle that is centered at the centroid of the beam profile and contains 86% of the beam power. The solution for D86 is found by computing the area of increasingly larger circles around the centroid until the area contains 0.86 of the total power. Unlike the previous beam width definitions, the D86 width is not derived from marginal distributions. The strange percentage of 86, rather than 50, 80, or 90, is chosen because a circular Gaussian beam profile integrated down to 1/e2 of its peak value contains 86% of its total power. The D86 width is often used in applications that are concerned with knowing exactly how much power is in a given area. For example, high-energy laser weapons and ladars are two applications that require precise knowledge of how much transmitted power actually illuminates the target.
Beam quality is important in many applications. In fiber-optic communications beams with an M2 close to 1 are required for coupling to single-mode optical fiber. Laser machine shops care a lot about the M2 parameter of their lasers because the beams will focus to an area that is M2 times larger than that of a Gaussian beam with the same wavelength and D4σ waist width; in other words, the fluence scales as 1/M2. The general rule of thumb is that M2 increases as the laser power increases. It is difficult to obtain excellent beam quality and high average power (100 W to kWs) due to thermal lensing in the laser gain medium.
The M2 parameter is determined experimentally as follows:
Beam profilers measure the intensity, |E-field|2, of the laser beam profile but do not yield any information about the phase of the E-field. To completely characterize the E-field at a given plane, both the phase and amplitude profiles must be known. The real and imaginary parts of the electric field can be characterized using two CCD beam profilers that sample the beam at two separate propagation planes, with the application of a phase recovery algorithm to the captured data. The benefit of completely characterizing the E-field in one plane is that the E-field profile can be computed for any other plane with diffraction theory.
The M2 parameter is not the whole story in specifying beam quality. A low M2 only implies that the second moment of the beam profile expands slowly. Nevertheless, two beams with the same M2 may not have the same fraction of delivered power in a given area. Power-in-the-bucket and Strehl ratio are two attempts to define beam quality as a function of how much power is delivered to a given area. Unfortunately, there is no standard bucket size (D86 width, Gaussian beam width, Airy disk nulls, etc.) or bucket shape (circular, rectangular, etc.) and there is no standard beam to compare for the Strehl ratio. Therefore, these definitions must always be specified before a number is given and it presents much difficulty when trying to compare lasers. There is also no simple conversion between M2, power-in-the-bucket, and Strehl ratio. The Strehl ratio, for example, has been defined as the ratio of the peak focal intensities in the aberrated and ideal point spread functions. In other cases, it has been defined as the ratio between the peak intensity of an image divided by the peak intensity of a diffraction-limited image with the same total flux. Since there are many ways power-in-the-bucket and Strehl ratio have been defined in the literature, the recommendation is to stick with the ISO-standard M2 definition for the beam quality parameter and be aware that a Strehl ratio of 0.8, for example, does not mean anything unless the Strehl ratio is accompanied by a definition.
Astigmatism can easily be characterized by a CCD beam profiler by observing where the x and y beam waists occur as the profiler is translated along the beam path.
Every laser beam wanders and jitters — albeit a small amount. The typical kinematic tip-tilt mount drifts by around 100 μrad per day in a laboratory environment (vibration isolation via optical table, constant temperature and pressure, and no sunlight that causes parts to heat). A laser beam incident upon this mirror will be translated by 100 m at a range of 1000 km. This could make the difference between hitting or not hitting a communications satellite from Earth. Hence, there is a lot of interest in characterizing the beam wander (slow time scale) or jitter (fast time scale) of a laser beam. The beam wander and jitter can be measured by tracking the centroid or peak of the beam on a CCD beam profiler. The CCD frame rate is typically 30 frames per second and therefore can capture beam jitter that is slower than 30 Hz — it can't see fast vibrations due to one's voice, 60 Hz fan motor hum, or other sources of fast vibrations. Fortunately, this is usually not a great concern for most laboratory laser systems and the frame rates of CCDs are fast enough to capture the beam wander over the bandwidth that contains the greatest noise power. A typical beam wander measurement involves tracking the centroid of the beam over several minutes. The rms deviation of the centroid data gives a clear picture of the laser beam pointing stability. The integration time of the beam jitter measurement should always accompany the computed rms value. Even though the pixel resolution of a camera may be several micrometres, sub-pixel centroid resolution (possibly tens of nanometer resolution) is attained when the signal to noise ratio is good and the beam fills most of the CCD active area.
Beam wander is caused by:
It is to most laser manufacturers' advantage to present specifications in a way that shows their product in the best light, even if this involves misleading the customer. Laser performance specifications can be clarified by asking questions such as:
The knife-edge slit technique is a method of quantifying the width of a laser beam. The technique involves chopping the beam with a knife and measuring the transmitted power as the blade cuts through the beam. The measured intensity versus knife position yields a curve that is the integrated beam intensity in one direction. By measuring the intensity curve for several directions, the original beam profile can be reconstructed – but not in real time – using algorithms developed for x-ray tomography. Instead of a knife, sometimes a scanning slit is used. In this case, the intensity is integrated over the slit width. The resulting measurement is equivalent to the original cross section convolved with the profile of the slit. The advantages of the knife-edge technique are that it can measure very small spot sizes down to 1 μm, and can be used for high power lasers. The disadvantages are that the knife-edge technique does not offer real-time readout, measures the integrated intensities in the x and y directions and not the actual 2D spatial profile (integrating intensities can be hard to interpret for complicated beam profiles), and does not work for pulsed laser sources. Knife-edge beam profiling instruments often only work for continuous wave lasers because of the extra complexity of synchronizing the rotating knife-edge and the laser pulses.
The CCD camera technique is simple: attenuate and shine a laser onto a CCD and measure the beam profile directly. It is for this reason that the camera technique is the most popular method for laser beam profiling. The most popular cameras used are silicon CCDs that have sensor diameters that range up to 25 mm (1 inch) and pixel sizes down to a few micrometres. These cameras are also sensitive to a broad range of wavelengths, from deep UV, 200 nm, to near infrared, 1100 nm; this range of wavelengths encompass a broad range of laser gain media. The advantages of the CCD camera technique are:
The disadvantages of the CCD camera technique are that attenuation is required for high power lasers, and CCD sensor size limited to about 1 inch.
The D4σ width is sensitive to the beam energy or noise in the tail of the pulse because the pixels that are far from the beam centroid contribute to the D4σ width as the distance squared. To reduce the error in the D4σ width estimate, the baseline pixel values are subtracted from the measured signal. The baseline values for the pixels are measured by recording the values of the CCD pixels with no incident light. The finite value is due to dark current, readout noise, and other noise sources. For shot-noise-limited noise sources, baseline subtraction improves the D4σ width estimate as , where is the number of pixels in the wings. Without baseline subtraction, the D4σ width is overestimated.
Averaging consecutive CCD images yields a cleaner profile and removes both CCD imager noise and laser beam intensity fluctuations. The signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of a pixel for a beam profile is defined as the mean value of the pixel divided by its root-mean-square (rms) value. The SNR improves as square root of the number of captured frames for shot noise processes – dark current noise, readout noise, and Poissonian detection noise. So, for example, increasing the number of averages by a factor of 100 smooths out the beam profile by a factor of 10.
For laser beam profiling with CCD sensors, typically two types of attenuators are used: neutral density filters, and wedges or thick optical flats.
Optical wedges and reflections from uncoated optical glass surfaces are used to attenuate high power laser beams. About 4% is reflected from the air/glass interface and several wedges can be used to greatly attenuate the beam to levels that can be attenuated with ND filters. The angle of the wedge is typically selected so that the second reflection from the surface does not hit the active area of the CCD. The farther the CCD is from the wedge, the smaller the angle required. Wedges have the disadvantage of both translating and bending the beam direction — paths will no longer lie on convenient rectangular coordinates. Rather than using a wedge, an optical-quality thick glass plate tilted to the beam can also work — actually, this is the same as a wedge with a 0° angle. The thick glass will translate the beam but it will not change the angle of the output beam. The glass must be thick enough so that the secondary reflection does not illuminate the active area of the CCD. The Fresnel reflection of a beam from a glass plate is different for the s- and p-polarizations (s is parallel to the surface of the glass, and p is perpendicular to s) and changes as a function of angle of incidence – keep this in mind if you expect that the two polarizations have different beam profiles. To prevent distortion of the beam profile, the glass should be of optical quality — surface flatness of λ/10 (λ=633 nm) and scratch-dig of 40-20 or better. A half-wave plate followed by a polarizing beam splitter form a variable attenuator and this combination is often used in optical systems. The variable attenuator made in this fashion is not recommended for attenuation for beam profiling applications because: (1) the beam profile in the two orthogonal polarizations may be different, and (2) the polarization beam cube may have a low optical damage threshold value. Inexpensive cube polarizers are formed by cementing two right angle prisms together. The glue does not stand up well to high powers — the intensity should be kept under 500 mW/mm2. Single-element polarizers are recommended for high powers.
There are two competing requirements that determine the optimal beam size on the CCD detector. One requirement is that the entire energy — or as much of it as possible — of the laser beam is incident on the CCD sensor. This would imply that we should focus all the energy in the center of the active region in as small a spot as possible using only a few of the central pixels to ensure that the tails of the beam are captured by the outer pixels. This is one extreme. The second requirement is that we need to adequately sample the beam profile shape. As a general rule of thumb, we want at least 10 pixels across the area that encompasses most, say 80%, of the energy in the beam. Therefore, there is no hard and fast rule to select the optimal beam size. As long as the CCD sensor captures over 90% of the beam energy and has at least 10 pixels across it, the beam width measurements will have some accuracy.
The larger the CCD sensor, the larger the size of beam that can be profiled. Sometimes this comes at the cost of larger pixel sizes. Small pixels sizes are desired for observing focused beams. A CCD with many megapixels is not always better than a smaller array since readout times on the computer can be uncomfortably long. Reading out the array in real-time is essential for any tweaking or optimization of the laser profile.
A far-field beam profiler is nothing more than profiling the beam at the focus of a lens. This plane is sometimes called the Fourier plane and is the profile that one would see if the beam propagated very far away. The beam at the Fourier plane is the Fourier transform of the input field. Care must be taken in setting up a far-field measurement. The focused spot size must be large enough to span across several pixels. The spot size is approximately fλ/D, where f is the focal length of the lens, λ is the wavelength of the light, and D is the diameter of the collimated beam incident upon the lens. For example, a helium-neon laser (633 nm) with 1 mm beam diameter would focus to a 317 μm spot with a 500 mm lens. A laser beam profiler with a 5.6 μm pixel size would adequately sample the spot at 56 locations.
The prohibitive costs of CCD laser beam profilers in the past have given way to low-cost beam profilers. Low-cost beam profilers have opened up a number of new applications: replacing irises for super-accurate alignment and simultaneous multiple port monitoring of laser systems.
In the past, alignment of laser beams was done with irises. Two irises uniquely defined a beam path; the farther apart the irises and the smaller the iris holes, the better the path was defined — that is, only a few light rays could be drawn through both irises. The smallest aperture that an iris can define is about 0.8 mm. In comparison, the centroid of a laser beam can be determined to sub-micrometre accuracy with a laser beam profiler. The laser beam profiler's effective aperture size is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of an iris. Consequently, the ability to define an optical path is 1000 times better when using beam profilers over irises. Applications that need microradian alignment accuracies include earth-to-space communications, earth-to-space ladar, master oscillator to power oscillator alignment, and multi-pass amplifiers.
Experimental laser systems benefit from the use of multiple laser beam profilers to characterize the pump beam, the output beam, and the beam shape at intermediate locations in the laser system, for example, after a Kerr-lens modelocker. Changes in the pump laser beam profile indicate the health of the pump laser, which laser modes are excited in the gain crystal, and also determine whether the laser is warmed up by locating the centroid of the beam relative to the breadboard. The output beam profile is often a strong function of pump power due to thermo-optical effects in the gain medium.


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Do you hear that, darlings? It's the sound of Vanessa Hudgens killing off her High School Musical character once and for all with her new role as Agnes "Apple" Bailey, a pregnant homeless teen in Gimmie Shelter.
The film, which probably won't make the "Feel Good Movies of the Year" list, pits Baby V against her rich bitch daddy (Brendan Fraser) and terrifying drug addict mother (Rosario Dawson), who has clearly lost the war against gingivitis. In the end though, she finds a modicum of happiness at a shelter for similarly knocked-up teen girls.
So, if your day has been a little too cheery and you need a bit of a downer, by all means, click play:
Overall though, I think this movie is a step in the right direction for Vanessa, who has become more known for her Coachella appearances in recent years than for her acting chops. Do you think this film will put her back on Hollywood's radar? Or is she destined to life on the D list no matter what?

subset: commoncrawl


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Fitness for Work
The Statement of Fitness for Work, or 'fit note', is a Medical Statement that GPs issue. It replaced the old 'sick note' and aims to focus on what an employee may be able to do at work rather than what they cannot do. GP's may start to give patients computer-completed fit notes, rather than handwritten fit notes for a period of sickness absence greater than seven days. All the information included on a handwritten fit note will be on the computer completed note; however, handwritten fit notes will still be used by hospital doctors. Most GP's will be using the electronic version of the fit note.
What's different about the fit note?
In the past GPs have either said that 'you should refrain from work' or 'you need not refrain from work'. The fit note offers an option - 'may be fit for work taking account of the following advice'. When ticking this option the GP should consider fitness for work in general, not fitness for a specific job that the employee is doing.
A GP can suggest ways of helping an employee get back to work. This might mean discussing:
- a phased return to work
- flexible working
- amended duties
- workplace adaptations
The GP can also provide general details of the functional effect of the individual's condition.
Why have the option fit for some work?
For many employees work means a lot more than just their salary. Studies show that work is good for health; and prolonged sickness absence can produce its own set of problems, such as:
- isolation
- loss of confidence
- mental health issues
- de-skilling
- social exclusion
Many employers recognise that reducing levels of long-term ill health is about developing a partnership between the line manager, the individual, the GP, occupational health and the HR department.
Did you know?
Acas run practical training courses to equip managers, supervisors and HR professionals with the necessary skills to deal with employment relations issues and to create more productive workplace environments.
Read more about Acas training and business solutions
Online customer contact form - let us know how we can help.


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Finding Mr. White
August 13, 2014 in Uncategorized
WINTER HAVEN, Fla. â Anyone know how to get in touch with David L. White?
A woman in Florida has made it her mission to track down a former Worthington resident. Lydia Lewis moved to the Sunshine State in March of this year. After waiting for th…continue reading on dglobe.com


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Tigers' Cross Country coach, Jarret Heil resigns
MARSHALLTOWN – Jarret Heil has resigned from his position as Marshalltown Community College's head men's and women's cross country coach, effective May 31, 2013.
Heil led the Tigers since the inception of the program in 2009. Between 2011 and 2012, Heil coached seven men and two women to the NJCAA National Championships.
"I want to thank coach Heil for his dedication to the development of our cross country program while serving our community as a full time employee" said Dan Huntley, Director of Athletics and Student Life at MCC. "I personally wish Jarret and his wife Dawna the best as they commit their time to their current family and expected twins in June."


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Subaru Crosstrek
View Single Post
Joined: Aug 2008
Location: Cranberry Country
Oddometer: 26
This is all great feedback so far, much appreciated!
Interesting note on the '14 Forester, I will look that one up.
Mr. Mad is just about to post some details on our test drive today. Off the cuff, it's really seems like a lot of car for the price. Definitely would be a lateral move from my CR-V... power and ride seem very similar. Of course there's a bit less cargo room, but that's not a deal breaker.
Despite the sexy black wheels, the heated seats and the comfy ride, I am leaning away from it because I found it too noisy at 70. I spend 2 hours a day commuting for work and find my current car to be noisy. I would really like upgrade in that area so I am back to the drawing board for now.
I should note that the XV has kick-butt braking and feels very nice to drive on narrow twisties. Relatively quiet at those speeds as well.
So, its a great little car, just a shame it's not more quiet on the highway, where I really crave it :(
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Verizon's iPhone 5 to Remain Unlocked for GSM Networks
Article Comments
Top message: VERIZON! by johnhr2
Replying to: Re: VERIZON! by dlmjr
Re: VERIZON!
It's not meaningless. That is simply ridiculous. Basically, I can buy a Verizon iphone 5 at contract price, never activate it and immediately place it on Ebay. Sure my existing handset is now locked into a two year agreement, but I was going to keep it for two more years in any case. Guess who has two handsets eligible to upgrade at this very moment? Yep!
- Re: VERIZON! by Jarahawk


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- Awarded 4.5 out of 5 stars from Bicycling Magazine
- Safely carries 2 bikes up to 35lbs each
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July 1, 2015
For one Brazos County attorney and his family, attending next week's inauguration is a dream come true.
Patrick Gendron and his wife Alma were Barack Obama delegates at the State Democratic Convention this year. He says while working on the Obama campaign, he was impressed at how the candidate brought people together. Now he looks forward to sharing this special time with some of them.
"This is a celebration of all the hard work," said Gendron. "It's the culmination of all the hard work with everybody in this county and other counties and other states that worked on the campaign."
As an added bonus, Gendron's brother-in-law, who's with the Brazos County Sheriff's Office, will also be at the inauguration as part of the security detail.
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How we are working to achieve this vision
Information Security
Glossary A
Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS
A UPS is a vital piece of hardware that should not be overlooked. Without it,
a power 'outage' or even a surge, can shut down your systems within seconds. If
this happens on a Windows� PC, the consequences are unlikely to be more than
annoying and perhaps the loss of the work you were currently working on.
However, if your server, running Windows� NT, 2000 or UNIX, suddenly has the
power cut, the consequences can be more serious, as (potentially) hundreds of
files can be left in an "open" state which, in the worst scenario, could prevent
the system from rebooting properly - or even at all.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS
Therefore, the purchase and installation of a suitable sized UPS is vital.
Because it contains its own battery(ies) it can not only prevent damage from
sudden power surges, but it can continue to run your systems for between 15
minutes and 1 hour (or more), thus allowing an orderly, but speedy, close down.
However, a UPS is not supposed to allow the system to be operated for any
length of time and, to provide a greater degree of protection against power
cuts, a Backup Power Generator should be considered.


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Halloween Costume Panic
Posted by Thien-Kim aka Kim on Tuesday, October 23, 2012 / Labels: costumes, drawing, Halloween, sketchbook
"Only 9 more days until Halloween."
That's what they kept announcing as I searched the thrift store for the kids' costume components this Monday. I was slightly panicking. Slightly because I lucked out and found a dress that worked perfectly for her costume. Pending her approval, of course.
Last week, I sketched out the kids' costumes during my PTA meeting.
Jaxson wants to be a dragon. Not just any kind of dragon. An orange one. I thought it would be easy to find an orange sweatshirt hoodie and matching sweatpants for the base of his costume. Then I can just sew the scales (is that what the things on the spine called?) and make a tail to attach to the pants. Not sure sure about the clawed feet. That was just for illustrative purposes.
Here's my sketch with Sophia's adjustment. A longer skirt, of course. How could I have not known? This year she's a princess warrior, complete with bow and arrow. Oh and a tiara of course. No princess is ever without her tiara!
The funny thing was, I thought I would have to sew most of Sophia's costume, but turns out I'll have to sew Jaxson's. At least the pants, scales and tale. I found an orange hoodie.
My goal is to finish the costumes this weekend. Just in the nick of time.
How is your family celebrating Halloween?
Halloween Costume Panic
Thien-Kim aka Kim


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Modified Mustangs & FordsHow To Engine
MCE Engines Builds A 427ci Ford Engine - Eight Barrels-No Waiting
MCE Engines Builds a 427-Inch, 600-Horse Street Screamer
Camshaft Tech Talk
When Blair brought Marvin his 427W in a basket, he also brought an aggressive hydraulic-roller race cam from Schneider Racing Cams. This is an off-the-shelf bumpstick ready for racing. Blair wants to use his '66 Mustang fastback on the street as well as the track, though. Here are his cam specs:
|Schneider Racing Cams Grind No. 284-RH
|Running Specifications
|Running Duration:
|284/284 degrees
|Lobe Centers:
|112 degrees
|Lobe Lift:
|.340/.340 inch
|Valve Lift:
|.544/.544 inch
|Peak Torque:
|3,500-5,000 rpm
|Specifications At .050-inch tappet height
|Intake Open:
|2 degrees BTDC
|Intake Closed:
|42 degrees ABDC
|Intake Centerline:
|110 degrees ATDC
|Exhaust Open:
|46 degrees BBDC
|Exhaust Closed:
|-2 degrees BTDC
|Exhaust Centerline:
|114 degrees BTDC
|Duration at.050 inch:
|224/224 degrees
|Cam installed 2 1/2 degrees retarded (to enhance horsepower)
Duration and lift will prove the most challenging for Blair. When you're shopping for a cam, duration, lift, and lobe centers are the main concern. A lobe center of 112 degrees isn't the issue here-duration and lift are. Because duration is 284/284, which is rather lengthy, this will affect both idle quality and manifold vacuum. The same can be said for valve lift, which also robs vacuum and idle quality. Duration has a direct bearing on valve overlap (the period when both valves are off their seats). Overlap helps power on the high end, but hurts idle and manifold vacuum down low. These elements are what will make Blair's Mustang restomod a chore to drive on the street, yet incredible when it's time to go road racing. Our message here is simple: You cannot have both superior street and race qualities in the same engine.
What Is a Dry-Sump Oiling System?
A dry-sump oiling system does away with your engine's conventional oil pan and internal pump, replacing them with a beltdriven external pump system and low-profile oil pan. Dry-sump oiling systems are designed specifically for racing even though they may be used in street applications. They are used in racing to ensure a constant supply of oil under high lateral g-forces and hard acceleration, which is crucial to engine survival at high rpm.
Because racing engines demand a continuous supply of oil under pressure at high rpm, a dry-sump system is designed to keep them well supplied. Conventional wet-sump oiling systems can develop oil supply problems at high revs, cavitating the oil pump and causing an oiling system to areate (suck air), causing major engine damage in nanoseconds. At high rpm, an engine's internal oil pump can empty a deep-sump racing oil pan, rendering moving parts dry in short order. At high rpm, all of the pan's oil winds up at the top of the engine, filling valve covers and the lifter valley completely-robbing important moving parts of pressurized lubrication. The dry-sump oiling system gives us more control of where the oil is. A dry sump gets oil back to the reservoir (oil tank) as quickly as it leaves.
A dry-sump oiling system consists of an external multistage, a beltdriven pump, cog-belt drive pulleys, high-pressure hoses and fittings, and a special dry-sump oil pan. The pan is designed to channel oil back to the pump and reservoir. When we speak of pump stages, we're talking individual pumps (stages) designed to move oil. Typically, there is one pump to provide oil under pressure to give us an oil wedge between moving parts. Then, we have at least one scavenge pump stage to collect oil and return it quickly to a reservoir. We can scavenge oil where a deep sump pan would normally be. We may also scavenge oil at the lifter valley and even high up at the valve covers. Much depends on the kind of driving we're going to be doing.
Reunited and It Feels So Good
Blair met Marvin long ago when he was in adolescence. At the time, Marvin was building race-winning Boss 302 engines for SCCA Trans-Am competi-tion. The Grabber Blue '70 Boss 302 Mustang campaigned by Jefferson Enterprises went after big game with a Boss 302 engine built by Marvin's Competition Engines (MCE). Blair's father looked to Marvin for his expertise-and he got it, using powerful small-blocks from MCE Engines.
As the fever of intense Trans-Am competition faded and faces changed, Marvin moved on, and so did Blair and his father. It would be more than 30 years before Marvin and Blair saw one another again. More than a year ago, Blair brought his engine to Marvin for a second generation of Jennings engines built by Marvin's Competition Engines.


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Halo 3 gets US launch date
Those, egerly awaiting the chance to play the next installment of Halo will have to wait until May 2006 according to games retailers Best Buy and EB Games in the US.
Over the weekend both shops have listed the game for pre-order in the US for $59.99 however neither can decide on a unified date. Best Buy is opting for the 15 May 2006 while EB Games is suggesting the later 30 May 2006 for the release.
The suggested launch date would imply that Microsoft is planning on scuppering some of Sony's wind when it comes to launch the PlayStation 3, also tipped for a Spring launch.
If that is the case, it would certainly make for an interesting show down as one of the world's most popular console games goes up against one of the world most awaited games consoles.
We Will keep you posted.
Thanks to console wars for suggesting the story.
You can suggest a story for inclusion on Pocket-lint.co.uk by using the sumbit a story link at the bottom of every page or by clicking


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Top-ranked Junction City in it for long haul
Posted: November 21, 2012 at 4:12 a.m.
Asked if his players know where Salem is, Junction City Coach David Carpenter laughed and said, "They do now." That's because Junction City, which straddles the Arkansas-Louisiana border south of El Dorado, makes a 280-mile journey to Salem on Friday in the quarterfinals of the Class 2A playoffs.
This story is only available from our archives.
Sports, Pages 22 on 11/21/2012
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NCAA scoring record moved to 138 points
Jack Taylor scored 138 points to shatter the NCAA scoring record in Division III Grinnell's 179-104 victory over Faith Baptist Bible on Tuesday night. Taylor made 27 of 71 ... Read »


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So you have a new Siberian kitten or you are thinking of purchasing a Siberian kitten and you want to provide the best care possible. The kitten care guide below is a good start on what to feed, the type of litter to use, the overall health of the Siberian cat breed, poisonous plants, cat products and more.
This is a vital part of your Siberian kitten's healthy start and maintaining his/hers health throughout adulthood. Foods can actually cause higher or lower allergen levels and a high quality food can prevent many health issues like FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease) that can kill your kitten/cat.
Cartier Siberians feeds the baby Siberian kittens (0-4 months of age) Royal Canin BabyCat 34 and Royal Canin BabyCat Instinctive. We also feed Siberian kittens (4-12 months of age) Royal Canin Kitten 36 and Royal Canin Kitten Instinctive . Our Siberian cats (1-10 years) are fed Royal Canin Indoor Adult 27 and our Siberian females when nursing or pregnant are fed Royal Canin Feline Queen.
Please note that there are many great cats foods out there including some raw foods like Blue Ridge Beef. At times we do feed raw food as part of our Siberian cat and kittens diet. Blue Ridge Beef is not available in our area so the kitten beef is not part of our daily routine.
Kitten buyers please note: If you purchase a kitten or a cat from Cartier Siberians please be sure to ask us how to change your kittens diet to the new food prior to changing his/her diet. You can make your cat/kitten sick by changing the diet too quickly. In addition, please do NOT give your cat/kitten people food. Some foods are poisonous to kittens/cats and may cause anemia or even death.
Litter Health
Cartier Siberians chooses to use World's Best Cat Litter for our Siberian kittens and cats. It is made from whole-kernel corn without added chemicals of perfumes. It is clumpable, scoopable and flushable.
Since it is made from all natural whole-kernel corn it is safe for cats and kittens of all ages without worry of ingestion, dust or allergy problems.
Kitten buyers please note: If you purchase a kitten or cat from Cartier Siberians please be sure to ask us how to change your kittens litter to the new litter prior to bringing your kitten home and introducing the new litter. Your cat or kitten may use the bathroom outside of the litter box if he/she is not used to the litter.
Kitten Health
Viruses, parasites, heart and kidney problems are the biggest health issues with kittens and cats. Kittens are very susceptible to viruses; therefore, it is imperative that you continue your kittens vaccinations. Cartier Siberians begins immunization at eight weeks of age and recommends kittens shot records be given to your Veterinarian so he/she may continue and recommend your kittens immunization schedule.
Cartier Siberians chooses cats for our breeding program that have no known risk for PKD (kidney disease) or HCM (heart disease). We also test for FeLV/FIV and in addition we test our adult cats for their Fel d1 allergen levels.
Kitten buyers please note: If you purchase a kitten or cat from Cartier Siberians you MUST be sure to TAKE YOUR CERTIFICATE OF VETERINARIAN INSPECTION that we provide you TO YOUR FIRST VET VISIT and within 72 hours per our Kitten Sales Agreement & Health Guarantee. This is very important for the health of your kitten and your kittens health guarantee.
Your kitten will have received the first two core vaccinations which is known as FVRCP booster. Your kitten will need a Rabies vaccination at the age of sixteen weeks and from a year from that date and yearly thereafter you should schedule Rabies and an FVRCP booster. Other vaccinations you should discuss with your vet and let him/her know what other pets or environment your kitten is or will be exposed. You will have specific vaccination instructions in your contract to help you remember what your kitten or cat will require and what is absolutely prohibited.
Poisonous Plants
Houseplants can be deadly to a kitten or a cat. Be sure to check out which plants are poisonous to kittens and cats! For the list of poisonous plants, go to the CFA Article for Poisonous Plants.
Please note: Kittens love to chew on things. Not only plants but cords or anything else that they can find. If you believe your kitten has eaten or swallowed something and becomes less active you MUST take your kitten in immediately and provide any known information you can give your vet. Foreign objects even those that are not poisonous can cause blockage and if not treated or eliminated naturally or by surgery may cause an infection and even kill your kitten/cat. Please be sure you know your kittens normal behavior and normal bathroom habits. A kitten with diarrhea past 24 hours is susceptible to dehydration which may lead to organ failure and even death. This is not to posted to scare you, but to make you aware that small kittens must be watched. They are so small when they first go home that their little bodies and organs can not handle poison, etc. Kitten proof your home!
Cat Products
Cat products – There are a lot of fabulous cat products and toys available and we, Cartier Siberians, have found several favorites that our Siberian kittens and cats love. If you are wondering where we purchased some of the items you see in the Cartier Siberian cat pictures, go to our post on Siberian Kittens Love to Play page.
Additional Links for Kitten Care and Cat Health
Catster Cat Care Guide Book – Essential cat information book using step-by-step instructions and fun diagrams authored by a vet. Answers hundreds of frequently asked questions.
Winn Feline Foundation – A comprehensive, searchable library of cat health articles.
Cat Channel – Lots of information on many cat topics including news, profiles, groups and more.
Healthy Cats for Life – Help in recognizing subtle signs of cat sickness.
WebVet – Information for owners of cats and other pets too.
All links will open in a new window and leave the Cartier Siberians website.


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Audio-Technica ATH-A2000X Art Headphones
Average User Rating: 100%
L. Phillip says:
A bargain, ultra hi-end headphone, I tells You. …read review
Stop chasing for the true crystal clear sound, the new ATH-A2000X from Audio-Technica will satisfy your need of a remarkable playback quality. The full titanium housing is specially designed to support the acoustic quality. Featuring a new developed φ53mm driver which is able to produce a wide range of playback frequency zone, allowing the superior sound to echo through the magnesium alloy body. The original 3D wing support has always provided a great comfort. ATH-A2000X is one of the best Art Headphones for home theater systems. ATH-A2000X presents an improvement on the earpad for a better fitting. Available only from Japan.
Type Airtightness dynamic type
Additional Information


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You are here
Lights Brightened Again for Small Business after 9/11
A farm boy from Wisconsin, Rob Halle never predicted he would have become a successful entrepreneur within the high-fashion photography industry of New York City. He also never would have anticipated overcoming the level of disaster that almost destroyed his business after 9/11.
After earning a master's degree in production management from the University of Wisconsin, Halle moved to Los Angeles in 1976 to put his knowledge into practice. For the next five years he worked for an international theatre, film and television equipment supply company. He then relocated to New York in 1981 to work for a lighting- industry manufacturer. After a year Halle decided he wanted to strike out on his own and in 1982 incorporated RGH Lighting, Inc. and opened a store in the West Village offering fullservice lighting and equipment rentals. Over time, RGH became well-established within the fashion industry and thrived on cover shoots for magazines such as Vogue, Victoria's Secret and Revlon. RGH also developed a reputation throughout the tri-state area for its personalized attention and service to photographers, major studios, and production companies. By 2001, the company had grown to eighteen employees, but any anticipated future growth came to a screeching halt on September 11th.
Halle recalls standing at the corner of Leroy and Greenwich Streets together with his employees watching the towers crumble. Putting thoughts of his business' survival aside, Halle volunteered his company's trucks around the clock for the next four weeks to deliver supplies, food, and rescue workers to ground zero. Unfortunately, while Halle was volunteering his company's assets in the relief effort, his business was collapsing around him. His major photo clients, models, and photographers feared working in the city and took the ir business out of town, and RGH's business plummeted by ninety percent. Bills continued to pile up and Halle was unable to pay his employees, rent and insurance.
Fortunately, Halle learned of the 9/11 disaster assistance offered by the U.S. Small Business Administration and applied for its Disaster Recovery Loan. He described sitting in the mid-town SBA office sharing stories and sorrows with other businessmen. As he described it, "I sat in the waiting room with seven grown men and cried, sharing our personal loss and the loss of so many lives." Just a week later, an SBA representative met with Halle and provided him with a check --- and a hug. Halle recalled, "Her eyes reached out to me with compassion and care."
With the SBA's quick turnaround on Halle's loan application, RGH Lighting bounced back. In fact, the company did so well that in 2006 Halle relocated his operation to the photography district off West 54th Street. By 2007, Halle had sixteen full-time employees and six contractors. He purchased new trucks, equipment, a warehouse and studio space in Brooklyn.
This past February, RGH merged with Scheimflüg, a digital-capture company, and their combined capabilities created a unique business by 20 percent. The new owner and president of the combined operations, John Engstrom, said the business is now poised for an exciting period of expansion and growth and anticipates revenues of several millions due to the merger. Halle transitioned to senior vice president of the company and concentrates on building the brand and providing high-quality service to clients in a rapidly changing industry.
Halle attributed part of RGH's resurgence to the SBA. He said, "Without the loan, I would have shut my doors, dissolved my business and left the city broke and in debt. Instead, with the help of the SBA, I grew my company back to the point where it became not only successful, but an attractive merger opportunity for another company. I thank the SBA and feel nothing but great, genuine compassion. " With its lights shining brightly again throughout the city, RGH's resurgence is metaphor for the city's resiliency post 9/11.
–by DeAnn Misilmeri


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Bulloch County Sheriff Lynn Anderson identified the woman as 39 year old Joylee Ann Brown of Eastview Apartments in Statesboro.
In an earlier report Anderson said patrol deputies were dispatched to the Oak Hill Mobile Home Park in the 25,000 block of U.S. 301 about 12:35 Sunday morning after a resident reported an open door at a neighboring mobile home. Upon arrival deputies found Brown's body inside the residence. Family members have been notified. The cause of death was not released but more information will be forthcoming as the investigation into her death continues.
Investigators and crime scene techs responded to the location and spent over 12 hours processing the mobile evidence. The body was transported to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation's Coastal Regional Crime Lab in Savannah Monday for an autopsy.


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Happy 12-12-12! We are nearing the big day (Christmas) and I'm sure the holiday parties are starting to pile up and blur together. At least that is the case here in Dakar. We are taking every little opportunity we can to celebrate the season. I've always been a fan of eggnog even the store bought Target brand but I had no idea that homemade eggnog would be 100% times better. Of course as most Happy Hour recipes, I can't find eggnog in Dakar so away to the bar we go (or Kitchen for this one).
Amaretto Spiced Eggnog
In a large bowl beat egg whites until soft peaks form. Add the yolks, honey and beat well. Stir in milk, brandy, amaretto, and vanilla. Chill for several hours. Fold in whipped cream when ready to serve saving a bit to garnish on top. Sprinkle with nutmeg and serve cold.
*Notice: The consumption of raw or undercooked eggs, meat, poultry, seafood or shellfish may increase your risk of food borne illness
Just to note: there are many recipes around the web that have you cook the egg yolks and milk. You could then add the brandy and Amaretto. This yields about 16 1/2 cup servings. If you are expecting a larger party you could always double the recipe.
Definitely let guests know if it is made with raw eggs by making a cute little sign to place next to your punch bowl. And don't forget to have the nutmeg out so guests can garnish their own drinks!
Looking forward to finishing off our batch tonight! I think this eggnog would be very yummy with homemade pumpkin spiced doughnuts! I know what I'm serving up Christmas morning. xo


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Another device on the network is using your computer's IP address
This is a rather strange error message, you'll get the notification "Another device on the network is using your computer's IP address" and then you'll lose internet access with the dialog box telling you to try connecting again later. No thanks, we need internet access now! So what causes this and how do we fix it?
It looks to be a problem with the DHCP server, which mistakenly assigns the same IP address to two devices, but don't blame your router quite yet. For whatever reason it seems that the iPod touch, iPad, and iPhone is often the culprit, it seems these iOS devices like to maintain the same IP address and will attempt to force themselves onto the same IP that they had previously been assigned.
The easiest solution is to just reset the router, but that can be a pain depending on your access to the router itself. If resetting the router is a no go, you can renew your DHCP lease in Mac OS X either through the command line (as the linked article shows) or through the Network settings System Preferences. The other option is to manually set an IP address and have the IP range be far enough apart so that the devices do not conflict.
I assume this is just a bug with how iOS interacts with certain routers DHCP management, it happen to Apple's own Airport too so perhaps that will spur a patch sooner than later. In the meantime, try one of the fixes, they should get your Mac back online in no time.
Warning about Spoofed MAC addresses
Another possibility (although much less likely) is that someone has managed to spoof your MAC address and IP and is attempting to gain access to your network. I say this is much less likely because assuming you have some reasonable wireless security precautions in place this is very unlikely, there simply aren't that many people out there with the knowhow to crack into a secured wireless network. The other reason this is less likely is because this problem can be semi-reliably reproduced by simply rebooting an iOS device on a network with only 1 IP assigned (usually 192.168.0.1 or similar). Bottom line: if you see the 'Another device has your IP' error message, don't freak out, it's probably not a security breach.


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CEDAC: Cause & Effect Diagrams Adding Culture
Price $129.00
Do It Right The Second Time
Price $46.00
Root Cause Analysis - Simplified Tools and Techniques
Price $61.00
Correct! Prevent! Improve!
Price $37.00
Poka-Yoke: Improving Product Quality by Preventing Defects
Price $85.95
Zero Quality Control: Source Inspection and the Poka-Yoke System
Price $87.00
Mistake-Proofing for Operators Learning Package
Price $390.00
Mistake Proofing: Achieving Zero Defects DVD
Price $280.00
Poka-yoke DVD
Poka-Yoke: Mistake Proofing
Price $149.00


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Starting a business in Georgia can and should be easier than you think. You file simple forms with the secretary of state, and your business is formed! Obviously there's a few more things than that, but if you'd like to start your own business yourself, you will find it easy to hire us as your registered agent and you'll find all the forms you could file to start a business in Georgia, along with great filing instructions on the quickest and cheapest ways to start your business in Georgia.
What's the actual process to start a business in Georgia?
If you want a corporation, you file Georgia Articles of Incorporation:
It will cost $100 to file the articles of incorporation with the GA Secretary of State, plus a $25 minimum franchise tax fee.
Georgia does not require original signatures on new Georgia corporation filings. Georgia just sends you an email when they complete your filing. You can click on the link to view your filed document.
If you want a LLC, you file Georgia Articles of organization:
To form a Georgia LLC, you file Georgia articles of organization. The Georgia Secretary of State articles of organization filing fee is $100. The basic requirements of Georgia LLC filings are:
Georgia does not require original signatures on new GA LLC filings. The Georgia SOS will just send you an email when they have filed your articles of organization. You just click the link in the email to open your filed articles.
Are you a do-it-yourselfer? You can save some money:
If you want to start a business in Georgia yourself, you can just hire us as your Georgia registered agent, and you'll instantly have the Georgia LLC or corporation forms to file along with filing instructions on the quickest, cheapest, and most efficient way to incorporate a Georgia corporation or form a Georgia LLC. You'll get the ongoing support of our online tools, reminders and the support of a professional Georgia registered agent service.MORE HELPFUL TIPS
Northwest Registered Agent, LLC.
Agent# 08087693
Roswell, GA 30076
Fulton County


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A licensed CLS performs the full spectrum of diagnostic tests in hospital clinical laboratories, in commercial reference laboratories, or in research and development for biotech companies. The CLS program will provide both didactic and practical clinical training in hematology, clinical chemistry, blood banking, microbiology and immunology to prepare students to sit for the American Society of Clinical Pathology CLS licensing exam. A CLS license is required to work as a CLS in California. Eligibility to take the exam requires a full academic year of clinical training for 52 weeks, 4 days/week, 8 hours/day as well as one 8-hour day/week of face-to-face classes (3 quarters of 8 units each at approximately $500/unit = $12,000). Clinical Training Affiliates for the CLS program will be announced on this website upon approval by California Laboratory Field Services. This program is being offered jointly by Cal State LA and Cal Poly Pomona.
Application period for the program year will open October 1, 2012.
Applications will be accepted until January 22, 2013.
For the application, you will need the following files, all in PDF format:


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Tony Snells Writes New Memoir SPITFIRE TROUBADOUR
Having read the harrowing adventures of war escapees from books such as Paul Brickhill's "Escape or Die," Air Commodore Pitchfork's "Shot Down on the Run," and John Folian's "Mussolini's Island," author Tony Snell decided to pen his own memoir about a man shot down in battle fighting to return home, "Spitfire Troubadour" (published by Trafford Publishing).
"Spitfire Troubadour" tells the true story of F/Lt., A.N. Snell. D.S.O., who flew Spitfires in the British Royal Air Force during World War II. While fighting, he was shot down, later mistaken for a spy and sentenced to execution by firing squad. Luckily, Snell survived after being shot five times. Finding his escape, he joined the partisans in Italy.
After the war, Snell became an actor and musical entertainer, playing in countries across the globe and finding residence on a one-acre island in the Caribbean where he has performed a one man show for over 30 years.
"Spitfire Troubadour" is sure to entertain readers with the true-to-life tale of a war hero as he escaped from enemy territory, creating the life of his dreams.
Tony Snell fought in World War II as a pilot in the Royal Air Force. After the war, he traveled the world making music and performing. Snell now resides in Brighton, England.
Trafford Publishing, an Author Solutions, Inc. author services imprint, was the first publisher in the world to offer an "on-demand publishing service," and has led the independent publishing revolution since its establishment in 1995. Trafford was also one of the earliest publishers to utilize the Internet for selling books. More than 10,000 authors from over 120 countries have utilized Trafford's experience for self publishing their books. For more information about Trafford Publishing, or to publish your book today, call 1-888-232-4444 or visit trafford.com.
|Related Links
About Author
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Welcome to the Brainclinics Community!
You can use this page to log into the Brainclinics Comunity. If you are a member of the Brainclinics Community you can get full acces to articles in PDF, powerpoints of recent presentations. If you don't have an account yet, then select 'Not yet an account?' to make an account for free.
Log in with the username/email address that was send to you when you registered.
When your log-in is not succesful after 24 hours, please contact us.
Follow @Brainclinics
Association between ADHD and intensity of sunlight
A study published today in Biological Psychiatry sheds new light on the increasing rates (prevalence) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD. Children with ADHD have problems with inattention, distractibility, disorganization, impulsiveness, and overactivity. This study found that "sunny" regions with high solar intensity, such as the US states of California, Arizona, and Colorado, and countries like Spain and Mexico have lower prevalence of ADHD.
Do Sunny Climates Reduce ADHD?
Today a press-release was distributed by Elsevier titled 'Do Sunny Climates Reduce ADHD?' about our study published in Biological Psychiatry.


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January is safety awareness month in the world of snowsports. To continue that theme, let's talk about your head. Take a look around you in the lift line. These days the number of people wearing helmets is on the rise. Considering the speeds that are reached on the slopes, they far exceed the speeds the average cyclist reaches, it stands to reason helmets are just as necessary.
According to the National Ski Area Association studies show serious head injuries account for only 2.6 percent of overall skiing/snowboarding injuries combined. Additionally, helmets are designed for comfort today and keep the wearer not only safer but warmer, drier and have come a long way in design and style choices.
What you need to know about helmets:
Fit your helmet before you buy. In order for helmets to work properly, they need to be sized properly. Poorly fitting helmets are not going to be as effective in the event of a serious accident. Helmets should neither be too tight or loose on your head. If you can not buckle a youngsters helmet, sending them down the slopes would have little protection compared to a properly fitted helmet. One jarring fall and it will likely come off.
Try helmets on first. As convenient as online shopping can be, it probably is the culprit for many poorly sized helmets out there. Trying a helmet on for size is crucial and should be done with your goggles along with you in order to be sure you don't end up replacing those as well when selecting a helmet. Not all goggles are as helmet compatible however they claim to be.
Evaluate for replacement after an impact. Not every helmet can withstand a serious blow. Be sure to evaluate the manufactures recommendation as to the likelihood of that helmet being usable after a notable impact. Sometimes it will be very evident in the form of visible cracks and damage to the foam inside. Other times, you may not be able to tell that it suffered considerable damage that will greatly reduce it's effectiveness in another event of collision. When in doubt, consult the manufacturer directly on their customer service line or talk with your ski shop professional where you purchased it. Bare in mind that this in no way means a helmet is not durable should it crack. They are often designed to split on impact taking the brunt of the force and distributing it outward and saved your head from doing so. They were designed to do just that.
As a firm believer in helmet safety, my feeling is there is really no excuse to go unprotected. I have seen too many accidents and witnessed broken helmets, particularly in younger skiers and riders. Safety, thankfully seems to be the popular choice from my casual lift line observations. It's cool to be smart and protect your smarts. Now, grab a helmet and get out and ski!


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The Walking Dead
The Walking Dead's Norman Reedus Warns Parents the Show Is "Intensely Violent" (VIDEO)
The show is called The Walking Dead for a reason. There's a lot of death. It's very violent. Norman Reedus (Daryl Dixon) reminds viewers of that in this video, which aired on AMC before repeat episodes of TWD Season 3. He references the recent school shooting in Connecticut and reminds parents and viewers to exercise discretion when watching this fictional show.


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Have you noticed how normal, fearful, insecure people can do amazing, logic-defying, almost super-human things when they have no choice? Or when they believe they have no choice? Weak people become strong. Lazy people become driven. Directionless people become focused. Reactive people become proactive. Decision avoiders become decision makers. Fearful people become courageous. Shy people become assertive and losers become leaders.
Yep, it happens. Always has and always will but the question is… why does it happen? Do these people somehow acquire more skill, power and ability in certain situations?
No, they don't.
So what then?
What we often see is a massive internal (psychological, emotional) shift for the individual in the middle of the catastrophe. An instant change in thinking, rationalising, decision making and self-talk. Which can produce an instant and total change in behavior. Which can produce incredible results. Results which are at odds with anything that person has ever done or achieved to that point in time. Results which were always possible but never probable.
Until now.
Given the right conditions, people will tap into their untapped potential, power and possibilities. A door is opened to something that's being lying dormant; something that was always there. Obviously a single event can't instantly make a person different but it can flick a switch. It can alter their state. Their sense of reality. It can make someone think, choose, act and react in a way they've never done before.
Unfortunately, some people need massive psychological and emotional leverage (like a catastrophe) before they will begin to explore, exploit and benefit from their potential and possibilities. It's amazing how powerful, courageous and resourceful we can be when we want it enough.
If only we didn't wait for the catastrophe. 😉


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A week after announcing that none of its elementary school teachers would be laid off strictly for budget reasons, the Oakland school district is gearing up to cancel more layoff notices — though not all of them.
Art, English and physical education are among the subjects likely to be completely spared from layoffs based on the results of budget cuts made at individual schools. Adult education, meanwhile, is the hardest hit; all 48 remaining adult education counselors and teachers are likely to receive final layoff notices, according to a resolution posted on the agenda of a special board meeting tomorrow night.
You can find the updated layoff list, by subject, here.
A partial layoff count (see above link for the full document):
Art: 0 (10 originally noticed)
Counselors: 5 (9 originally noticed)
Foreign language: 2 (18 originally noticed)
Music: 1 (25 originally noticed, then eight)
P.E.: 0 (25 originally noticed)
Sixth-grade core teachers: 3 (28 originally noticed)
School psychologist: 3.8 (6 originally noticed)
Social science: 5 (45 originally noticed)
English: 0 (41 originally noticed)
There are a number of ROP positions listed, as well.


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The City in the Valley: Biblical Interpretation and Urban Theology (Studies in Biblical Literature) (Society of Biblical Literature/Studies in Biblical Literature)
Author: Dieter Georgi
Publisher: Brill Academic Pub
Keywords: biblical, literature, studies, theology, society, urban, valley, interpretation, city
Number of Pages: 398
Published: 2005-12-31
List price: $201.00
Is there still promise in the metropolis? Can modern cities have lasting value? Drawing on a wide range of resources including the writings of Paul, the Apocalypse, Greco-Roman literature, church history, theology, and socioeconomic theory, Dieter Georgi answers yes. Our cities can become more than human and ecological garbage dumps; and they can aspire to be communities where people live in harmony with one another and their environment. In support of this lofty goal, Georgi unmasks economic and political theories and elements of Christian theology that have led to the demise of cities and th
The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism (Studies in Biblical Literature) (Studies in Biblical Literature (Society of Biblical Literature))
Author: Stephen L. Cook
Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers
Keywords: biblical, literature, studies, society, yahwism, roots, social
Number of Pages: 312
Published: 2005-01
List price: $169.00
Sure to provoke discussion and debate as it offers a unique approach to some old and perplexing issues in the history of ancient Israel and its religion, Cook's study is a bold new proposal for synthesizing the social history of Israel's religious traditions. Among the many "Yahwisms" coexisting in ancient Israel was an initially small minority stream of theological tradition composed of geographically and socially diverse groups in northern and southern Israel. These groups shared a religious commitment to a covenantal, village-based, land-oriented Yahwism that arose before the emergence
Beyond the Biblical Horizon: The Bible and the Arts (Biblical Interpretation) (Biblical Interpretation Series)
Author: J. Cheryl Exum
Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers
Keywords: biblical, interpretation, series, bible, horizon, arts
Number of Pages: 180
Published: 1998-11-01
List price: $95.00
This collection seeks to reflect the growing scholarly interest in the ways the Bible and biblical stories, themes and ideals have been represented in Western culture by means of literature and the visual arts.
Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. (Archaeology and Biblical Studies) (Archaeology and Biblical Studies)
Author: Ann E. Killebrew
Publisher: Society of Biblical Literature
Keywords: biblical, archaeology, studies, philistines, israel, canaanites, egyptians, peoples, ethnicity, archaeological, study
Number of Pages: 362
Published: 2005-07-30
List price: $39.95
Ancient Israel did not emerge within a vacuum but rather came to exist alongside various peoples, including Canaanites, Egyptians, and Philistines. Indeed, Israel's very proximity to these groups has made it difficult - until now - to distinguish the archaeological traces of early Israel and other contemporary groups. Through an analysis of the results from recent excavations in light of relevant historical and later biblical texts, this book proposes that it is possible to identify these peoples and trace culturally or ethnically defined boundaries in the archaeological record. Features
Rediscovering the Traditions of Israel (Studies in Biblical Literature (Society of Biblical Literature), 16 (Studies in Biblical Literature (Society of Biblical Literature), 16,)
Author: Douglas A. Knight
Publisher: Society of Biblical Literature
Keywords: biblical, literature, society, studies, traditions, israel, rediscovering
Number of Pages: 380
Published: 2006-11-10
List price: $45.95
In the latest edition of this classic work, Knight presents a thorough history and analysis of the exegetical method known in Hebrew Bible studies as tradition history or traditio-historical criticism, the capstone of the historical-critical methods. Beginning in the seventeenth - nineteenth centuries with early notions that some form of oral tradition may have preceded the writing of biblical literature, scholars from the start of the twentieth century forward became increasingly intrigued with the idea that the creative period for much of the material lay in the long and intricate process of
Author: Foley
Publisher: BRILL
Keywords: biblical, studies, linguistic, chinese, translation, greek
Number of Pages: 449
Published: 2009-09-30
List price: $216.00
Author: Yaira Amit
Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers
Keywords: biblical, series, interpretation, narrative, hidden, polemics
Number of Pages: 286
Published: 1998-08-01
List price: $193.00
In current usage polemics is broadly defined as the practice of rhetorical persuasion or as the rhetorical presentation of an argument in dispute. The phenomenon of polemics is found throughout the whole corpus of biblical literature. In most instances the polemics is direct, but sometimes indirect, and occasionally it appears to be deliberately covert. This book is primarily concerned with exploring the phenomenon of covert polemics. Dealing first with considerations of method, definition and characterization, the study moves on to the analysis of a number of narrative


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|calendar>>May 8. 2012 Juch 101
Koreans' Organization in U.S. Calls for Implementing North-South Declarations
| Pyongyang, May 8 (KCNA) -- The spokesperson of the Federation of Koreans in the U.S. issued an appeal on May 2 calling for upholding the banner of the June 15 joint declaration and October 4 declaration.
The appeal denounced the Lee Myung Bak government for committing all sorts of vicious acts against the DPRK by using every opportunity including the demise of Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il and the celebrations for the centenary of the birth of President Kim Il Sung. They amounted to grave provocations that can lead to a war, not just bedeviling the north-south relations.
To cope with the provocations, the north served a serious warning to the Lee "government" and ultra-right conservative media, the appeal noted, and went on:
Nevertheless, Lee let loose such reckless remarks as "punishment" and "overthrow of social system", creating the atmosphere of a war.
Lee is, indeed, a traitor who committed unpardonable crimes against the country and nation. Unless such traitor is punished, it would be impossible to bring about national reunification and prosperity.
The only way to foil such heinous moves for confrontation with fellow countrymen and restore the north-south relations is to implement the June 15 joint declaration and the October 4 declaration.
The appeal called on all the Koreans at home and abroad to hold aloft the banner of the June 15 joint declaration and the October 4 declaration, punish the Lee "government" and the ultra-right group of conservatives hell-bent on confrontation with fellow countrymen and vigorously advance towards national reunification and prosperity.
Copyright (C) KOREA NEWS SERVICE(KNS) All Rights Reserved.


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Google Parent Night Presentation 06/02/15
Click HERE for an overview of how teachers and students will be using Google Apps for Education in the 2015-2016 school year.
Annual BOE Testing Presentation 11/24/14
Click HERE to view a summary and analysis of Emerson student performance on 2013-2014 standardized tests.
CIT Board Presentation 06/16/14
Teachers and administrators have been hard at work this year to improve student learning. Check out a few of our recent accomplishments and our direction for next year's work in this presentation.
Summer of Twitter Challenge Year 2
Villano teacher Dennis Gordon will again be leading our teachers and administrators in a Summer of Twitter challenge using the hashtag #epspd. View the invitation to participate and sign up here.
Emerson is Going Google!
Last month, Emerson Public Schools rolled out Google Apps for Education accounts for all teachers and select students. In September 2014, we will create Google accounts for all students in grades 3-12. For more about Google Apps for Education and what it means for our district, view the faculty meeting presentation here.
Emerson is prepared to hit it out of the PARCC!
During the past school year, Emerson teachers and students have done a great deal of work preparing for the upcoming PARCC assessments. Read more about it in our PARCC Newsletter.


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Thank you so much for visiting us! Our website is being transformed!
Your patience is greatly appreciated during this process.
Until then:
If you have any questions or would like to purchase tickets or learn more about sponsorship opportunities for this year's event on October 6 – please contact Paula Carter at email@example.com or at 905-723-0036 x229


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|Arctic and American Indian Arts for the 21st Century
|207 967-2122
|No-hassle returns
Pipestone bobcat by Unidentified Artist,
This is a handsome bobcat, carved from pipestone (catlinite) with turquoise eyes.
2 1/2" x 1 1/4" x 3/4"
We can sometimes obtain similar items. To inquire, please call 207 967-2122 or
send us an email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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By Tessa Raebeck
Safety and security will trump size as the Sag Harbor School District takes a look at its facilities in the coming year.
Interim superintendent Dr. Carl Bonuso shared the district's progress on its goals for the 2012 to 2013 school year, as well as its vision moving forward, at the Sag Harbor Board of Education meeting Monday night.
"Goals should reflect what the community at large, what the staff in general and what our school leaders bring to the table," said Dr. Bonuso.
The primary goals for the 2012-2013 school year were to improve academic achievement, communicate effectively with the school community, ensure sound fiscal and operational practices and improve the wellness of students and staff.
In a presentation delineated by facilities, people and programs, Dr. Bonuso outlined the district's progress and further means of improvement.
In terms of facilities, the administration examined and planned for potential district space needs for its pre-kindergarten, the new International Baccalaureate (IB) advanced learning program and for the fifth grade, hoping for increased transitional assistance at the middle school level.
For the upcoming year, the question has changed to emphasize security rather than space.
"Are the facilities safe?" asked Dr. Bonuso. "Not so much are they large, are they safe?"
The superintendent hopes to work on recommendations from the draft of a security audit as soon as possible and enact a "complete facilities overview, with the safety and security being prime." The draft should be completed and distributed to the board and the public on June 17.
In terms of program goals for the 2012-2013 school year, Dr. Bonuso said they were largely successful. The administration completed an analysis and improvement plan for Spanish and math instruction for grades kindergarten through 12. Todd Gulluscio, athletic director, has also worked with the administration to create a series of units which are being enacted to "make high school Physical Education (PE) have a greater focus on lifetime fitness activities," according to Dr. Bonuso's presentation. In the upcoming year, students will be able to choose between standard PE and the new fitness oriented class, Modified Fitness.
"In terms of goals that have emerged," said Bonuso. "They would be to pursue more workshops and to involve the community that way."
Dr. Bonuso said he considered the series of recent workshops on the academic curriculum as successful and a presentation on the IB program drew a small crowd to Monday night's BOE meeting. When it comes to transitioning, he said the district hopes to work with the community to create programming designed to ease students transition from the Sag Harbor Elementary School into Pierson Middle School in sixth grade through a middle school philosophy and programming.
The "people" component of the 2012-2013 goals were to "create, implement and evaluate a highly effective staff development plan" and "create and implement action steps resulting from the Community Coalition."
In 2013-2014, the district hopes to move forward with these goals by enacting new board member training, a new teacher orientation program, an academy for substitute teachers and mandated training for all staff.
"I would challenge you guys to think about not just new teacher orientation," said board vice president Chris Tice. "But when we talk about new employee orientation, that if you're a new bus driver, or a new custodial, do we have that checklist?"
Tice cited recent research that showed, "The employees that are retained the longest and are the happiest tend to be the ones that have an ongoing process that was deliberate, specific, instructive and engaging."
Dr. Bonuso agreed with the need to train all new members of the staff.
"People do drive the success of the district," he said.
Consultant Marian Cassata updated the board on the progress of the Community Coalition and its implementation of a drug and alcohol prevention program. She said that a comprehensive plan of curricula, activities and programs to combat substance abuse would be ready in the early fall.
In other school board news, the administration has drafted a job description for the Pierson Middle School assistant principal position vacated by Barbara Bekermus who has been hired as the district's director of pupil personnel services. The administration said they job desciption emphasizes that candidates have experience at the middle school level.
Pierson Middle/High School Principal Jeff Nichols urged the board to move forward in its search for a candidate.
"It's important to expedite that process, to the extent that the applicant pool dwindles as you go further out," he said.


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By STEVEN NALLEY
The Starkville Main Street Association plans to propose 17 wayfinding signs for the city of Starkville at the board of aldermen meeting March 6.
By COLLEEN MCCARTHY
TAYLORSVILLE – The East Webster High School girls' basketball team's magical run ended with heartbreak Thursday afternoon.
Opening day of college baseball is finally here for Mississippi State fans.
Mr. James Kenneth Harville, 40, died Sunday, Feb. 12, 2012, in West Point.
Mississippi State fans get their first look at coach Vann Stuedeman and her bunch of Bulldogs this weekend as they open their home slate of games after opening the season with five-straight wins.Â
By COLLEEN MCCARTHY
Newly named Starkville School District Superintendent Lewis Holloway will meet with three local public school support groups for the first time today.
By NATHAN GREGORY
Oktibbeha County deputies discovered what is believed to be human skeletal remains in the Adaton community approximately a quarter of a mile from Reed Road Tuesday.
By STEVEN NALLEY
When Lydia Quarles graduated from Samford University's Cumberland School of Law in Birmingham, Ala., she was one of three women in a graduating class of 273.


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July 7, 2015
January 3, 2006
One of the big items on the commission's agenda was the election of a Mayor Pro-Tem. This is the person who will preside in the absence of Mayor Copenhaver. Marion Williams and Andy Cheek were nominated for the position. When commissioners voted on the two men, the vote was split along racial lines. And since neither man received six votes, Marion Williams will act as Mayor Pro-Tem until the commission can reach a decision because he currently holds the job. Both men told us why they are seeking the job.
"I've got seniority, I've got the experience and I've done a great job and I think if you're going to serve for two years, you ought to serve for two years," Williams said.
"I am the one with the demonstrated track record of working with everybody in the city, trying to make the city as a whole better. I think I am the best man for the job," Cheek said.
Commissioners have scheduled a retreat later this month to discuss the issue before voting on it again.
One thing commissioners did reach some agreement on was a decision to allow Steve Shepherd to continue to serve as the city attorney. But he was hired on a month-to-month basis. That's because Commissioner Hatney is concerned with Augusta's charter. It says the city has to have its own law department. The issue has been tabled for now.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Obamacare's sinking popularity
Considering its political cost, the Affordable Care Act is anything but affordable for President Obama. The president and Democrats are finding out the hard way that stark partisan policy divides can be very dangerous when things go badly. As bad as things are now, they could very well get worse because there is no politically simple way for the administration to handle Obamacare.
How bad things are going for Obama can be seen from his approval ratings. According to Rasmussen polling, the president's total approval-disapproval rating has fallen from a positive, 52 percent to 47 percent on Oct. 1, the day of the federal government shutdown, to a negative, 45 percent to 54 percent on Nov. 27. For those registering strong approval-disapproval, the split is far worse — going from 30 percent-37 percent on Oct. 1 to 20 percent-43 percent on Nov. 27.
Those are precipitous drops by any measure. However, in a political context, they look even worse. When Obama suffered his worst political defeat — on Nov. 2, 2010, when Democrats lost six Senate seats and 63 in the House in the midterm elections — Obama's total approval-disapproval was 48 percent-51 percent, and his strong approval-disapproval was 30 percent-45 percent — both better than today's.
Well below those benchmarks, the end still isn't in sight for several reasons.
Obamacare is not a policy problem confined to one region or one group. Its problems are extensive, spreading nationwide. The law encompasses America's entire health care system — roughly one-sixth of the nation's economy — and something that touches most Americans in some form. Policy and political problems on that scale are about as big as they get.
We are also still early into Obamacare's implementation. So far, it's been characterized by canceled policies, increased premiums, a failed website and low enrollment. What happens when things really get going, and the extent of Obamacare is vastly larger and includes medical procedures, penalties and reimbursements?
If passengers are seasick when a boat has just left the dock, imagine what how they will feel out on the open ocean.
For all these reasons, it is not surprising that Obamacare's standing has fallen along with Obama's own. According to another Rasmussen poll released Nov. 25, the new health care law reached its highest unfavorability rating this year — 58 percent. Only 36 percent had a favorable view of Obamacare and strongly held opinions about the law ran against it, 46 percent-17 percent.
Amid all this bad news, it is almost hard to believe things could get worse — but they easily could. Despite all the negatives arising from the law itself, its political impact presents the administration with perhaps an even tougher conundrum.
Obamacare is one of the starkest partisan policy splits of recent memory. Canceling Obamacare now would be a bald admission of failure — not just of the policy, but of the administration itself. That would not only validate his opponents' united opposition to it, but alienate his supporters who staked everything to join him in its enactment.


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Beat a player at his own game?
There's a guy who has a girlfriend but he is always paying attention to me and flirting with me, and he's even gone so far as to say "awww you didn't... Show More
Most Helpful Opinion
I so remember asking this question myself,if I understand the question right. Just play along with it flirt back with him,but don't fall for him. It sounds like your smat if you already realized that he has a girl and he's not goanna break up with her and blah. So just play along flirt and realize that everything he tells you is a lie he just trying to lead you on. You do the same call him little names tell him you miss him and so much,I don't think its cute at all how he answered you when he said all that bull about aww. you had a crush I hate when they get big heads about that but just go along with every dumb thing he says I say you are pretty aware of what's going on around you good luck.
What Guys Said 1
to beat a player at his own game. is a secret.
but not so much really.
one thing you gotta keep in mind, is that you may want him now, and want to be his girl, but in the back of your mind, can you really trust him. do you really wanna beat him at his own game, or try to use it to get him? watch your feelings.
Uhm well I want him to know that I'm not stupid, that I haven't put him on a pedastal just because he's paying attention to me, and that his advances aren't working (even though they are secretly I guess) I don't like being a side dish you know what I mean?
- Show Older Hide Older
Alright welllllllll so far I've just been how I always am. Friendly. with a little flirting I guess but not so much because I get flustered around him. TIPS?
You obviously know he likes you.. so what you got to try to do is keep your cool around him, I know this is the hardest thing for you to do, but you need to try to treat him like he is someone else, when he texts or calls you.. don't respond sooo fast, when you see him, act like you didn't see him and be like ohh hey, what's going on... you gotta play hard to get.. you jump on ever chance he throws at you.. you put the ball back in his court..
What Girls Said 1
Have an opinion?


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Works of art from Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean range from ancient cultures to cutting-edge artists of today. Among the highlights are the Glassell Collection of Pre-Columbian Gold and the museum's growing collection of modern and contemporary art by Latin American and Latino artists.
5 3/4 x 5 3/4 x 5 3/4 inches
Gifts of The Brown Foundation, Inc. in honor of Frances Marzio's tenth anniversary with the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania, & the AmericasArts of Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean
These matched bowls display six birds in interlocking cartouches. Pink roseate spoonbills occupy aqua rings, and green quetzal birds occupy pink ones. Typical of Maya creativity, each bird is depicted in a slightly different position, giving rhythm and variety to the overall design.
Roseate spoonbills are large wading birds with bright pink feathers. Quetzal birds are rare, magnificent tree-dwellers with iridescent green feathers, vibrant red chests, and long emerald tails. The Maya considered spoonbills and quetzals to be sacred. Pink associated the spoonbill with life-giving blood; green related the quetzal to agriculture. Feathers from both birds were frequently used in the ceremonial headdresses and fans of Maya rulers, who often took the name k'uk', the word for quetzal in Mayan, as part of their title.


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Quantity Available:
Carpyen started in Spain in 1954 as a family enterprise and continues the intimate feel of their designs in their contemporary lighting pieces. Designers Antonio Carpintero, Encamacian and Roberto Capintero head the company as industrial talents and Pascual Salvador and Gabriel Teixido, among others, contribute to creating clean, modern lighting with a European edge.
The Focus Ceiling Light is available with the following:
- Aluminum shade
- Aluminum supports
- Adjustable head
- Metallic Grey finish
- Round ceiling canopy
- UL Listed
- Designed by Gabriel Teixido
Size: Small, Large
- One 75 Watt 120 Volt PAR30 Incandescent lamp (not included).
- Small Option Fixture: Height 9", Width 5.5"
- Large Option Fixture: Height 17", Width 5.5"
- Canopy: Diameter 5"
Need help with some of our terminology? Check out Lumens' Lighting & Design Glossary.


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CATEGORIESBooksCivilGeotechnical Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb
Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb
Ruwan Rajapakse
A one stop guide to the foundation design, pile foundation design, earth retaining structures, soil stabilisation techniques and computer software, this book places calculations for almost all aspects of geotechnical engineering at your finger tips.
In this book, theory is explained in a nutshell and then the calculation is presented and solved in an illustrated, step-by-step fashion.
In this book, the author's done all the heavy number-crunching for you, so you get instant, ready-to-apply data on activities such as: hard ground tunnelling, soft ground tunnelling, reinforced earth retaining walls, geotechnical aspects of wetland mitigation and geotechnical aspects of landfill design.
• Easy-to-understand approach the formulas and calculations
• Covers calculations for foundation,earthworks and/or pavement subgrades
• Provides common codes for working with computer software
• All calculations are provided in both US and SI units
PART 1: Shallow Foundations 1.0 Shallow Foundation Design for Bearing Capacity: 2.0 Long Term (Consolidation) Settlement of Shallow Foundations 3.0 Short Term Settlement in Sandy Soils 4.0 Shallow Foundation Design in Rock 5.0 Mat Foundation Design
PART 2: Deep Foundations: 6.0 Pile Foundation Design: 7.0 Design of Pile Groups 8.0 Pile Foundation Settlement 9.0 Negative Skin Friction Analysis 10.0 Seismic Analysis
PART 3: Earth Retaining Structures: 11.0 Lateral Earth Pressure Computations 12.0 Gravity Walls 13.0 Gabion Walls 14.0 Cantilever Retaining Walls 15.0 Secant and Tangent Pile Walls 16.0 Soil Nails 17.0 Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls 18.0 Sheetpile Walls
PART 4: Rock Mechanics and Tunneling 19.0 Rock Mechanics 20.0 Hard Ground Tunneling 21.0 Soft Ground Tunneling
PART 5: Geotechnical Engineering Strategies: 22.0 Geotechnical Engineering with MATHLAB 23.0 Earth Stabilisation 24.0 Excavation Support Design 25.0 Geotechnical Aspects of Wetland Mitigation 26.0 Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill Design 27.0 Economic Considerations
Published in the UK
2008 9780750687645 511pp Paperback
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