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Abstract: The Monosaccharide Transporter Gene, AtSTP4, and theCell-Wall Invertase, At fruct1, Are Induced inArabidopsis during Infection with the Fungal BiotrophErysiphe cichoracearum1Vasileios Fotopoulos, Martin J. Gilbert2, Jon K. Pittman3, Alison C. Marvier4, Aram J. Buchanan,
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The Monosaccharide Transporter Gene, AtSTP4, and the
Cell-Wall Invertase, At fruct1, Are Induced in
Arabidopsis during Infection with the Fungal Biotroph
Erysiphe cichoracearum1
Vasileios Fotopoulos, Martin J. Gilbert2, Jon K. Pittman3, Alison C. Marvier4, Aram J. Buchanan,
Norbert Sauer5, J.L. Hall, and Lorraine E. Williams*
School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent
East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom
Powdery mildew fungi are biotrophic pathogens that form a complex interface, the haustorium, between the host plant and
the parasite. The pathogen acts as an additional sink, competing with host sinks, resulting in considerable modification of
photoassimilate production and partitioning within the host tissue. Here, we examine the factors that may contribute to
these changes. We show for the first time in one biotrophic interaction (Arabidopsis/Erysiphe cichoracearum) all of the
following responses: Glc uptake in host tissues is enhanced after fungal infection; this coincides with the induction of
expression of the monosaccharide transporter gene, Arabidopsis sugar transport protein 4 (AtSTP4), in infected leaves; invertase
activity and transcript levels for a cell wall invertase, At fruct1, increase substantially in Arabidopsis during attack by this
pathogen. Before infection, Arabidopsis plants transformed with an AtSTP4 promoter- -glucuronidase construct show
expression mainly in sink tissues such as roots; after infection, AtSTP4 expression is induced in the mature leaves and
increases over the 6-d time period. Sections of infected leaves stained for -glucuronidase show that AtSTP4 expression is
not confined to infected epidermal cells but is also evident in a wider range of cells, including those of the vascular tissue.
The results are discussed in relation to the possible coordinated expression of hexose transporters and cell wall invertase in
the host response to powdery mildew infection.
Powdery mildews are widespread biotrophic essential solutes, particularly sugars, across the host/
pathogens that cause major losses in crop yield. They pathogen interface, or about the molecular responses
are usually restricted to the shoot epidermal cells induced in the host transport processes in response to
where they acquire essential nutrients from the living such infection. There is good evidence that Glc may
host tissues over a long period. Thus they form an play a key role in such biotrophic interactions. Glc
additional sink, and this can lead to considerable appears to be the major carbon energy source trans-
changes in carbon transport and partitioning within ferred from the host to cereal and pea powdery mil-
the plant (see Farrar and Lewis, 1987; Ayres et al., dew (Mendgen and Nass, 1988; Clark and Hall, 1998;
1996; Hall and Williams, 2000). There is still much to Sutton et al., 1999), although the route and mecha-
learn about the nutrition of these important biotro- nisms by which this occurs are not clear. A recent
phic pathogens. For example, little is known about study investigating the role of haustoria in sugar
the molecular mechanisms involved in the transfer of supply during infection of broad bean (Vicia faba) by
the biotrophic rust fungus Uromyces fabae demon-
1 strated that a fungal gene encoding a hexose trans-
This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological
Science Research Council (grant no. 51/P14477), by the European
porter was expressed abundantly in rust haustoria
Commission DGXII Biotechnology Program (contract no. BIO4 (Voegele et al., 2001). The protein was localized ex-
CT96 – 05831), and by The Royal Society. clusively to the haustorial plasma membrane, sug-
Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of gesting that this hexose transporter may have a major
Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QQG, UK. role in carbon transfer into the fungus from the ex-
Present address: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX trahaustorial matrix (Voegele et al., 2001).
77030. An important observation in particular powdery
Present address: School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, mildew/host compatible interactions is that infection
University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. can result in an increased capacity for sugar uptake
Present address: Department of Botany II/Molecular Plant
by the host tissue (Sutton, 1997; Clark and Hall,
Physiology, University of Erlangen/Staudtstrasse 5, D–91058
1998). However the molecular mechanisms leading to
* Corresponding author; e-mail [email protected]; fax 44 –23– 80 – such a response have not been defined. The increased
594319. capacity may be due to enhanced activity of existing
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found transporters or synthesis of new transporters possi-
at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.021428. bly at the epidermal cells, thus increasing the level of
Plant Physiology, June 2003, Vol. 132, pp. 821–829, www.plantphysiol.org © 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists 821
Fotopoulos et al.
Glc available to the invading fungal haustoria. Alter- but significant increase in Glc uptake was observed
natively, the increased capacity may be a retrieval (Fig. 1). A sellotape treatment was carried out to
mechanism to support the increased demand for car- remove most, if not all, of the mycelium inoculum
bon in defense mechanisms. The monosaccharide from the surface of the leaf before uptake. Members
carrier AtSTP4 in Arabidopsis has been shown to be of the Erysiphales only colonize the outer surface of
stress regulated (Truernit et al., 1996). In the present the invaded tissue and do not produce hyphae that
study, we investigate its role in a biotrophic interac- penetrate within the host tissue, with the exception of
tion. a few species of powdery mildew fungi (Alexopoulos
Infection may also result in a general increase in et al., 1996). A similar level of enhanced Glc uptake
apoplastic Glc levels due to the activity of the cell was observed after removal of the mycelium by the
wall invertase, an enzyme catalyzing the cleavage of sellotape treatment, suggesting that this was a host
Suc to Glc and Fru (for review, see Hall and Williams, response rather than the fungus acting as an addi-
2000). Several types of invertases exist, differing in tional sink (Fig. 1). Glc uptake in noninfected and
their pH optima and their different cellular locations. infected material was inhibited by the protonophore
Neutral or alkaline invertases are thought to be lo- carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (Table
cated in the cytosol, whereas acid invertases are I). Uptake was inhibited by the permeable sulfydryl
found either in the vacuole or cell wall. An increase reagent, NEM, but showed low sensitivity to the
in the various types of invertases has been observed non-permeant sulfydryl reagent p-chloromercuri-
in a variety of biotrophic infections, including pow- benzenesulfonic acid. Diethyl pyrocarbonate, a His
dery mildew; this usually concerns acid invertase modifier, caused moderate inhibition, as did phlorid-
(Scholes et al., 1994; Wright et al., 1995; Clark and zin, a competitive inhibitor of Glc uptake in animal
Hall, 1998; Chou et al., 2000), although in some cases cells. Levels of inhibition were similar in infected and
increases in alkaline invertase have been observed noninfected material for all the reagents tested (Table
(Storr and Hall, 1992). However, it is not clear I). The inhibitor profile is consistent with a proton-
whether this is due to the synthesis of new isoforms coupled carrier mechanism mediating Glc uptake.
or to an increase in the level of existing isoforms. The
relationship between these changes clearly needs to Expression of the Monosaccharide Transporter, AtSTP4,
be studied to provide a fuller understanding of the Is Induced on Infection
processes involved. Glc and stress appear to indepen-
dently regulate source and sink metabolism and de- The monosaccharide transporter, AtSTP4, has been
fense mechanisms in cultured Chenopodium sp. cells implicated in responses to abiotic and biotic stress in
(Ehness et al., 1997); in particular, treatment with Glc Arabidopsis (Truernit et al., 1996). We investigated
induces the sink-specific extracellular invertase that whether this particular monosaccharide transporter
is thought to play a key role in Suc partitioning (Tang has a role in the response to infection by powdery
et al., 1999). mildew by comparing its expression in noninfected
To understand more fully the roles of Glc, monosac- and infected leaf tissue. Northern analysis was per-
charide transporters, and invertase activity in the re- formed with total RNA from infected and nonin-
sponse of plants to powdery mildew infection, we fected leaf material using the AtSTP4 probe (Fig. 2).
have examined the various related responses dis-
cussed above in the model plant Arabidopsis that is
now widely used in the study of plant-pathogen
interactions (Buell, 1998; Schulze-Lefert and Vogel,
2000). We have shown for the first time in one inter-
action that infection results in enhanced Glc uptake
in infected host tissue, an increase in the expression
of the host monosaccharide transporter gene, AtSTP4
in infected leaves, an increase in the host cell wall
invertase activity, and an increase in expression of
the cell wall invertase, At fruct1. The results are dis-
cussed in relation to the possible coordinated expres-
sion of hexose transporters and cell wall invertase in
the host response to powdery mildew infection. Figure 1. Glc uptake into Arabidopsis source leaves after infection
with E. cichoracearum. Glc uptake into infected (brushed with inoc-
ulum) and noninfected (brushed without inoculum) Arabidopsis leaf
RESULTS discs was measured using 0.5 mM [14C]Glc (1, noninfected; 2, in-
fected). Treatments 2 and 4 were 6 d post inoculation. Measurements
Effect of Infection on Glc Uptake were also taken after removal of the mycelium with sellotape before
uptake (3, noninfected; 4, infected). Results are the mean ( SE) of
When Glc uptake was measured in mature leaves three experiments, and the asterisk indicates significant difference
of Arabidopsis from healthy noninfected plants and from Glc uptake in corresponding control noninfected leaf discs (P
plants infected with Erysiphe cichoracearum, a small 0.001).
822 Plant Physiol. Vol. 132, 2003
Sugar Transport and Erysiphe cichoracearum Infection
Table I. The effect of inhibitors on Glc uptake into leaf discs from (Fig. 3a). Leaves inoculated with the incompatible
infected and noninfected tissue Blumeria graminis spores showed some increase in
Uptake of 0.5 mM Glc was measured at 25°C after 1.5 h following staining at d 1 postinfection, but this did not in-
incubation in reaction buffer containing 20 mM Mes-BTP (pH 5.8), 1 crease over 6 d as observed for the compatible in-
mM CaCl2, 500 M Glc and 1 Ci [14C] glucose. Inhibitors were teraction. Similar results were found with a semi-
added as indicated. Values are the mean % inhibitors calculated from quantitative RT-PCR analysis, where no increase in
three replicates. expression was observed between d 1 and 6 postinfec-
Inhibition of Glc Uptake tion after inoculation with B. graminis (V. Fotopoulos,
Noninfected Infected unpublished data).
1 mM NEM 70 66
1 mM PCMBS 17 20
1 mM DEPC 42 35
1 mM Phloridzin 42 28
This was carried out under stringency conditions that
did not allow cross-hybridization with AtSTP1 and
-2. These results also show that there is a marked
increase in AtSTP4 expression in infected material
compared with noninfected leaves. Light brushing
without fungal inoculum (equivalent to the brushing
that was carried out to apply the fungus) also caused
an increase in AtSTP4 expression, although this was
far less than the expression induced by infection with
the powdery mildew. In contrast, the actin control
showed little change throughout infection or with
brushing (Fig. 2). Similar results were obtained in a
semiquantitative analysis using reverse transcriptase
(RT)-PCR and gene-specific primers for AtSTP4 (data
not shown). RT-PCR with gene-specific primers for
AtSTP1 and AtSTP2 indicated that the former did not
alter markedly in expression after infection, whereas
the latter was not expressed in noninfected or in-
fected leaf material (J.K. Pittman and L.E. Williams,
unpublished data).
To investigate the induction of AtSTP4 expression
during infection in more detail, we studied the re-
sponse in transgenic plants transformed with an
AtSTP4-promoter- -glucuronidase (GUS) construct.
Initially, the AtSTP4 promoter-GUS construct was in
the Arabidopsis C24 ecotype (Truernit et al., 1996),
which is not susceptible to E. cichoracearum. Therefore
these plants were crossed with the susceptible acces-
sion Col-0, and seed was collected. Crossing was
repeated three times to increase the Col-0 back-
ground. The resulting plants were susceptible to E. Figure 2. Northern analysis of AtSTP4 expression after infection with
cichoracearum. We confirmed that the healthy unin- E. cichoracearum. a, Forty micrograms of total RNA per lane was
fected Col-0 plants containing the AtSTP4-promoter separated on a 1.2% (w/v) agarose gel and transferred to a nylon
GUS construct showed the same pattern of expres- membrane. Hybridization was carried out with a digoxigenin (DIG)-
sion for AtSTP4 as originally observed in the C24 labeled AtSTP4 (top) and actin (bottom) probes. Blots were washed at
ecotype i.e. high expression in the sink organs (roots high stringency. Tissue was treated with fungal inoculum by gently
and anthers) but very low in the mature source brushing with a paintbrush. Controls were brushed without inocu-
lum. Lane 1, Noninfected, non-brushed tissue (d 0); lane 2, nonin-
leaves. When detected in the mature leaves, it was
fected brushed tissue (d 0); lane 3, control tissue (d 3); lane 4,
often found at the hydathodes (M.J. Gilbert, J.L. Hall, infected tissue (d 3); lane 5, control tissue (d 6); and lane 6, infected
and L.E. Williams, unpublished data). Expression of tissue (d 6). A representative blot is shown. The experiment was
AtSTP4, as indicated by GUS staining, was induced performed three times for AtSTP4 and twice for actin. Densitometry
in leaves infected with E. cichoracearum at 1 d postin- data were obtained for each experiment and the mean band intensity
fection and increased with time after inoculation is shown for AtSTP4 (b) and actin (c).
Plant Physiol. Vol. 132, 2003 823
Fotopoulos et al.
To determine the cellular pattern of expression, tigated here (AtSTP1–4), AtSTP4 shows the most
sections were taken from the infected and nonin- marked response with a severalfold increase in ex-
fected leaves of the AtSTP4 promoter-GUS trans- pression after infection with a compatible mildew
formed plants. In the sections from control plants, no strain.
GUS expression was observed, whereas in those ob-
tained from infected material, GUS staining was Effect of Powdery Mildew Infection on Cell
present in many cells of the leaf including the vascu- Wall Invertase
lar tissue (Fig. 3b).
More recently another monosaccharide transporter Cell wall invertase activity increased markedly 3
gene, AtSTP3, has been reported, which is also ex- and 6 d postinfection (Fig. 5). The response was also
pressed in leaves (Buttner et al., 2000), and therefore
¨ investigated at the RNA level using RT-PCR. Degen-
we investigated whether this transporter had any erate oligonucleotide primers were designed based
role in the host response to infection. Little change in on highly conserved amino acid regions identified in
expression over the first 3 d and only a small induc- cell wall invertases from carrot (Daucus carota), mung
tion at 6-d postinfection was observed in northern bean (Vigna radiata), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum),
analysis (Fig. 4) and RT-PCR (V. Fotopoulos, unpub- and Arabidopsis. RT-PCR was carried out using
lished data). The response was minor compared with RNA prepared from noninfected and infected mate-
that seen for AtSTP4. No marked response of AtSTP3 rial, and greater amplification was observed in in-
was observed in the incompatible interaction as de- fected samples. To investigate this in more detail, we
termined by RT-PCR (V. Fotopoulos, unpublished cloned the RT-PCR products produced with 3-d
data). Therefore, of the four sugar transporters inves- postinfected material. Five clones were selected and
Figure 3. Histochemical analysis of mature
transgenic Arabidopsis leaves expressing the
GUS gene under the control of the AtSTP4 pro-
moter after inoculation with compatible and in-
compatible mildew strains. a, To visualize the
location of GUS activity (indicated by blue col-
or), leaves were incubated at 22°C for 15 h in
the presence of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- -
D-glucuronide-sodium salt trihydrate. Results
are shown for 1, 3, and 6 d postinoculation for
(i), healthy, uninfected leaf; (ii), leaf with the
incompatible B. graminis; and (iii), leaf with the
compatible E. cichoracearum. b, Tissue was
stained for GUS then fixed, embedded, and sec-
tioned. Cell walls are stained pink with Schiff
reagent. (i), Control healthy leaf; (ii), 6 d post-
inoculation with E. cichoracearum. UE, Upper
epidermis; LE, lower epidermis; VB, vascular
bundle. Representative leaves for each condi-
tion are shown.
824 Plant Physiol. Vol. 132, 2003
Sugar Transport and Erysiphe cichoracearum Infection
sequenced, and in all cases they represented partial
cDNAs of At fruct1, a cell wall invertase (Schwebel-
Dugue et al., 1994). We therefore monitored expres-
sion of this particular gene during infection. For com-
parison, At fruct2 was included in the analysis. RT-
PCR was carried out on RNA samples obtained from
noninfected and infected material (1, 3, and 6 d
postinfection). In these particular experiments, fun-
gal inoculum was supplied by shaking spores onto
Figure 5. Effect of infection on cell wall invertase activity in Arabi-
dopsis source leaves. Invertase activity was assayed at pH 4.5 in
extracts isolated from leaves treated with (black bars) or without
(white bars) fungal inoculum. Noninfected control tissue was gently
brushed without fungal inoculum. Values are the means of four
replicated experiments. Asterisk indicates significant difference from
control plants (P 0.001).
leaves to avoid any effects of brushing. The products
were separated by gel electrophoresis, probed, and
blotted with probes specific for At fruct1 and
At fruct2 under conditions where minimal cross-
reactivity occurred. At fruct1 expression was de-
tected in all samples but showed a marked increase
in expression 1, 3, and 6 d postinfection (Fig. 6). In
contrast, actin did not change markedly on infection.
With similar exposure times, At fruct2 expression
could not be detected in any of the samples, and this
is consistent with previous reports showing that this
gene is only expressed in flowers (Tymowska-
Lalanne and Kreis, 1998). After prolonged exposure,
we observed some binding of At fruct2, which also
occurred to the ladder, indicating nonspecific bind-
ing (V. Fotopoulos, unpublished data). Northern
analysis was also carried out with At fruct1, and
similar results were observed to the RT-PCR experi-
ments with an increase in expression 1, 3, and 6 d
postinfection compared with controls (V. Fotopoulos,
unpublished data). In contrast, in the incompatible
interaction, RT-PCR showed no marked increase in
the expression of At fruct1 up to 6 d postinoculation
(V. Fotopoulos, unpublished data).
Figure 4. Northern analysis of AtSTP3 expression after infection with
E. cichoracearum. a, Twenty-five micrograms of total RNA per lane The nature of transporters involved in powdery
was separated on a 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel and transferred to a nylon mildew infection in the host has never been resolved
membrane. Hybridization was carried out with a 32P-labeled AtSTP3 at the molecular level. The Arabidopsis/E. cichoracea-
probe (top). Methylene blue staining of the 25s rRNA band is also rum interaction provides us with a useful system for
shown (bottom). Blots were washed at moderate stringency. Tissue investigation because Arabidopsis has been used
was treated with fungal inoculum by gently brushing with a paint- extensively for studying the role of sugar carriers
brush. Controls were brushed without inoculum. Lane 1, Nonin-
in source/sink interactions (Williams et al., 2000).
fected tissue (d 0); lane 2, infected tissue (d 0); lane 3, control tissue
(d 1); lane 4, infected tissue (d 1); lane 5, control tissue (d 3); lane 6,
cDNAs encoding monosaccharide transporters have
infected tissue (d 3); lane 7, control tissue (d 6); and lane 8, infected been cloned from several species, and there is now
tissue (d 6). A representative blot is shown. The experiment was evidence for the existence of multigene families. Ara-
performed three times with similar results. Densitometry data were bidopsis contains a family of STP genes coding for
obtained for two experiments, and the mean band intensity is shown monosaccharide transporters that appear to be tissue
for AtSTP3 (b) and 25S rRNA (c). specific or switched on in response to particular stim-
Plant Physiol. Vol. 132, 2003 825
Fotopoulos et al.
fungal mycelium is removed before measuring up-
take. This indicates that there is a change in nutrient
demand of the host in this plant/fungal interaction
that is independent of a direct requirement of the
pathogen for assimilates. The host response could be
related to an increased requirement by leaf cells for
carbon to support repair or defense processes. Our
objective was to examine which transporters may
have a role in this response. Truernit et al. (1996)
have suggested that the hexose-transport response to
stress may be linked to a specific member of the
monosaccharide gene family, AtSTP4. We have
shown, using a variety of molecular techniques
(northern analysis, RT-PCR, and reporter gene tech-
nology), that AtSTP4 expression is induced after in-
fection with E. cichoracearum, a compatible mildew
strain. A significant increase in AtSTP4 expression
was observed in leaf tissue 1, 3, and 6 d postinfection
compared with the noninfected controls. Leaves in-
oculated with the incompatible B. graminis spores
showed some increase in GUS staining at d 1 posti-
noculation but, unlike the compatible reaction, no
further increase in expression was observed at d 3
and 6 postinfection. This difference presumably re-
lates to the progression, or not (in the case of the
incompatible interaction), of the disease and may
reflect the change in the leaf from source to sink
metabolism in the compatible reaction.
In tissue sections of E. cichoracearum-infected leaves
Figure 6. Effect of infection on invertase expression in Arabidopsis (prepared from AtSTP4 promoter-GUS transformed
source leaf using RT-PCR. a, RT-PCR was carried out with primers plants), GUS appeared to be present in many cells of
designed to generate partial-length invertase (top) or actin cDNAs the leaf, whereas the fungal haustoria are restricted
(bottom). Products were run on a 1.2% (w/v) agarose gel, hybridized to the epidermis in this infection (Adam and Somer-
with DIG-labeled At fruct1 and actin cDNA probes, and washed at ville, 1996). In contrast, in some biotrophic rust in-
high stringency. Lane 1, Noninfected (d 0); lane 2, infected (d 0); lane 3 fections, gene up-regulation is restricted to the infec-
noninfected (d 1); lane 4, infected (d 1); lane 5, noninfected (d 3); lane
tion sites (Chou et al., 2000; Ayliffe et al., 2002). The
6, infected (d 3); lane 7, noninfected (d 6); and lane 8, infected (d 6). b
and c, Densitometry data were obtained for each amplified product and
initial penetration events during the early stages of
expressed relative to the products at d 0 (healthy), which were normal- powdery mildew infection could be expected to in-
ized to a value of 1. The data are from a representative experiment duce AtSTP4, because it is a wound-inducible carrier
repeated twice. (Truernit et al., 1996). However, the findings that
AtSTP4 expression can also be induced by pathogen
elicitors (Truernit et al., 1996) and the fact that we
uli (Buttner et al., 2000; Williams et al., 2000). Hex-
¨ observed AtSTP4 induction in cells other than those
oses, as well as Suc, may be important signaling penetrated by the fungus in the epidermis suggest
molecules in source/sink regulation including re- this is not the case. Therefore it is possible that a
sponses to biotic stress (Roitsch, 1999), and the trans- general retrieval response may be induced in all leaf
porters that regulate their distribution in stressed cells to retain carbon for defense purposes and may
tissues may be an important component of this reg- be linked to the increased invertase activity that also
ulatory and defense activity. accompanies infection (see below).
Increased uptake of sugars into leaf tissues in re- Although AtSTP4 showed a marked increase in
sponse to abiotic and biotic stress has been observed expression, there was a less marked effect on Glc
after ozone treatment (Sutton and Ting, 1977) and uptake. However, in the latter experiments, the net
pathogen infection (Sutton, 1997; Clark and Hall, uptake is affected by a number of parameters includ-
1998). In the present study, an increase in Glc uptake ing both influx and efflux. The predominant role of
was also observed in the response of Arabidopsis leaf AtSTP4 in this response was supported by analysis of
tissue to powdery mildew infection. This increased other monosaccharide transporters. AtSTP1 expres-
capacity for Glc transport in infected tissues may be sion did not change, whereas AtSTP2 was not ex-
due to the pathogen acting as an additional sink, pressed. AtSTP3, a sugar transporter expressed in
although a similar increase is observed when the green leaves (Buttner et al., 2000), showed some in-
826 Plant Physiol. Vol. 132, 2003
Sugar Transport and Erysiphe cichoracearum Infection
crease in expression with infection but this was small leaves increases the susceptibility to the disease, al-
and not apparent until 6 d postinfection. We cannot though this reverses at still higher levels of sugar
rule out that some of the other AtSTPs may also be (Vanderplank, 1984). More information is required in
involved in this response, but further study is re- this area to investigate the delicate balance between
quired to determine this. sugar content, pathogen invasion, and defense re-
In addition to investigating changes in host sponses in fungal biotrophs.
monosaccharide transporters, our work has focused The finding that infection by powdery mildew in-
on the role of the enzyme invertase. Increased inver- duces AtSTP4 expression in a wide range of host cells
tase activity has been recorded for a number of despite the fungus being confined to the epidermis
biotrophic infections, although the precise form, lo- implicates the role of signaling mechanisms in this
cation, and role of the activity are not clear (for response. There is evidence that defense response
reviews, see Ayres et al., 1996; Hall and Williams, genes are induced by elevated sugar levels (Ehness et
2000). Wright et al. (1995) observed that acid inver- al., 1997; Herbers et al., 2000), and hexose transport
tase activity increased in wheat (Triticum aestivum) into the host cells may be enhanced to cope with this
leaves infected with powdery mildew even when increased energy demand and/or to reduce availabil-
treated with a fungicide to reduce the size of the ity of sugars to the pathogen. Enhanced cell wall
fungal sink; this indicated that a signal from the invertase reduces Suc loading (Stitt et al., 1990; von
fungus caused an increase in invertase activity that Schaewen et al., 1990) and an increase in hexose
was not directly related to the size of the fungal sink. availability as a consequence could increase the con-
The present study has focused on cell wall invertase centration gradient of hexoses to the fungus. The
and shows that there is a marked increase in activity transfer of carbon to the fungus, primarily as Glc, is
of invertase upon infection. This coincides with an thought to occur down a concentration gradient cre-
increase in the expression of the At fruct1 isoform. ated by fungal solute uptake and use. The nature of
Although At frut2 does not seem to be involved in the sugar transporters at the haustorial membrane in
this response, we cannot rule out the possibility that the powdery mildew fungi is unknown, but by anal-
other invertase isoforms may also have a role. ogy with rust, carriers may exist at this membrane to
An induction of cell wall invertase has been re- facilitate transport into the mycelium. A major goal
ported for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves infected will be to dissect the signaling pathway in a compat-
with potato (Solanum tuberosum) virus Y (Herbers et ible interaction that results in the diversion of host
resources to the fungus.
al., 2000) and for At fruct1 in Arabidopsis leaves
infected with white blister rust (Chou et al., 2000). In
the latter report, increased invertase activity was con- MATERIALS AND METHODS
fined to the parts of the leaves invaded by the fungal Plant and Fungal Material
mycelium. Such increases in cell wall invertase dur-
ing infection could have a profound effect on the Seeds of Arabidopsis cv Columbia (ecotype Col-0) were sown in Irish
moss peat, John Innes No. 2, and medium graded vermiculite (1:1:1). After
source-sink balance within the plant. For example, sowing, the seeds were vernalized for 24 h at 4°C and then grown at 22°C,
transgenic tobacco plants expressing yeast-derived 75% humidity on a 16-h photoperiod. Arabidopsis GUS transformants were
invertase in the apoplast showed an accumulation of grown on Murashige and Skoog media (Murashige and Sk
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Especially useful for businesses are the Microsoft Office lessons available for Access, Excel, Word, and PowerPoint. You can also find help on the Adobe Creative Suite programs, including Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Dreamweaver, and Acrobat. Being proficient in these programs can help make your sales and marketing and executive presentations shine!

subset: commoncrawl


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Congressional District # 06
Last Updated: February, 2013
Site Description
The Waste Disposal Engineering Site is a 114-acre property located in the City of Andover, Anoka County, Minnesota, approximately 15 miles north of Minneapolis. The site includes a 73 acre landfill which accepted approximately 2.5 million cubic yards of municipal, commercial, and industrial wastes. The landfill operated as a dump and landfill from 1963 to 1983. From 1972 until 1974, hazardous wastes including paint sludges, solvents, oils, caustics, and acids were disposed of in an asphalt-lined hazardous waste pit on the site. In 1982, lime sludge, generated by the Minneapolis Drinking Water Treatment Plant, was used to cover the landfill. The area surrounding the site is residential, agricultural, and commercial. Area residents rely on groundwater for their drinking water source but the water supply wells are not impacted by the landfill. The site is bordered by Coon Creek, which discharges into the Mississippi River approximately 11 river miles downstream from the site.
Site ResponsibilityThe site was addressed through federal, state, and potentially responsible parties' actions. The site is currently managed by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) as part of its Closed Landfill Program.
Threats and ContaminantsShallow groundwater beneath the site was contaminated with a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A wide variety of wastes, including hazardous wastes, are present in the landfill. Direct contact and contact with landfill gases were a potential threat to public health until the site was remediated.
Cleanup Progress
In 1974, prior to listing on the National Priorities List (NPL), MPCA ordered an on-site Hazardous Waste Pit to be closed due to the high potential for groundwater contamination. The site was placed on the NPL in 1983. In 1984, EPA and MPCA entered into Consent Order with potentially responsible parties to complete a remedial investigation and feasibility study. The study was completed in 1987.
In 1987, EPA selected a remedy that required: pumping and treating the groundwater using carbon absorption and discharging the treated water to Coon Creek; installing a cap to completely cover the landfill; installing a clay wall (slurry wall) around the hazardous waste pit; implementing restrictions on land and groundwater use; filling in a wetland and constructing an alternate wetland to replace the lost habitat; and monitoring of the site. Construction of the final site remedy was completed in 1995. At that time, the site was entered into MPCA's Closed Landfill Program for post-closure management and was deleted from the NPL in 1996.
MPCA subsequently made a number of upgrades to the landfill, including installation of an active gas collection and flare system. MPCA has also made upgrades to the groundwater treatment system, including use of aeration treatment for extracted groundwater and discharge of treated groundwater to the Metropolitan Council of Environmental Services rather than to Coon Creek.
Currently, MPCA performs operation and maintenance of the landfill gas, flare, groundwater extraction/treatment system, and landfill cap. Landfill gas is monitored by a series of 20 monitoring probes that surround the landfill. Contaminated groundwater is extracted by a series of 10 wells and pumped to an on-site retension basin for treatment. Groundwater that is within acceptable drinking water standards is re-directed to an on-site infiltration basin. Groundwater that contains contaminants which exceeds drinking water standards is treated by aeration until discharge standards are met for the public wastewater treatment system. Operation of the groundwater pump and treat system will continue until established cleanup levels are met.
Beginning in 2007, MPCA operated a Gas-to-Energy system for several years, to convert landfill gases to usable source of energy. More recently, this system was shut down and re-converted to the enclosed flare system, due to contaminant characteristics in the gas which made the system difficult to maintain and costly to operate. From 2009 to 2010, MPCA operated a pilot treatment system in the hazardous waste pit. Currently, MPCA is evaluating the potential for additional actions for the pit. In 2012, MPCA added pre-treatment for PCBs for groundwater extracted near the pit.
EPA's latest Five Year Review of the site in 2008 confirmed that the site remedy is protective of human health and the environment. The next review will be completed in Spring 2013.
ContactsRemedial Project Manager, U.S. EPA
leah evison (email@example.com)
(312) 886-2064
Community Involvement Coordinator, U.S. EPA
cheryl allen
(312) 353-6196
AliasesWASTE DSPL ENGINEERING INC


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Select a state to view family group sheets.
You can submit family group sheets here.
In recent years, there has been a great movement toward novel or accurate spellings of names, both given and surnames. This was not so before the mid-1900s. It just wasn't all that important to a people who were more concerned with feeding their families. Be sure you look at alternate spellings of any name on this site.
Neither I nor our project managers can verify the accuracy of information submitted and
remind you that each new piece of information must be researched
and proved or disproved by weight of evidence.
It is always best to consult the original material for verification.
If you have a web site devoted to a particular county or state and would like to be notified when a new sheet is received for that location, send a note to Gina. Many states need a project manager, please consider volunteering.
Family Group Sheet Project Manager: Gina Heffernan
Sorry, we cannot accept GEDCOMS but you can
convert to family group sheets or submit gedcoms to
Try here for descendants of one particular ancestor.
Bettie Wood & Gina Heffernan


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to MPA
Home ·
Prospective Students ·
Traditional MPA ·
The Texas MPA offers a flexible, challenging curriculum that takes into account your experience, skills and career goals. Through participation in case-based graduate level classes, you will expand your creativity, think on your feet, and have the opportunity to apply what you learn in the classroom to real-world situations.
The MPA degree consists of 43 semester hours of coursework, as outlined in the degree requirement summary, unless a student qualifies for course waivers.
MPA degree requirements include a minimum of 31 total credit hours, including a minimum of 19 hours in accounting and a minimum of 4 accounting courses beyond the core. Your academic advisor will approve any waivers and substitutions during new student advising in the summer. Syllabi or detailed course descriptions may be requested.
Course descriptions and the basis of the waiver or substitution for each course are described below.
The minimum number of hours for the MPA degree is 31, including a minimum of 19 hours in accounting and 4 accounting courses beyond the core. The maximum number is 43 hours.
MPA track descriptions
Accounting course descriptions
Page last updated: 8/29/2013
By phone: (512) 471-5921
By mail:
1 University Station, B6000
Austin, TX 78712-1178
In person:
2110 Speedway
Austin, TX 78705
©2015 McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin | Technology Resources | Contact Us


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Offers & Packages
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- Book directly with the hotel over the phone or on our own website for a minimum of 2 nights
- Travel to Bournemouth by Train or Coach (to and from Bournemouth interchange only)
- Obtain your free pick up – drop off voucher by calling Central Reservations on 01202 298 350 at least 24 hours before your date of arrival
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For all other hotel enquiries call +44(0)1202 290722+44(0)1202 290722.


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Advocacy Centre for the Elderly
Seniors' Info
Alternatives to nursing homes. Medicare website. Available at:
http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/Resources/Nursing-Home-Alternatives.html. Accessed July 17, 2014.
Nursing home care. Center for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/nursing-home-care.htm. Updated May 14, 2014. Accessed July 17, 2014.
National nursing home survey. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nnhs.htm. Updated October 19, 2011. Accessed July 17, 2014
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Weather Alert
Flood Warning issued July 1 at 2:00PM CDT expiring July 2 at 1:59PM CDT in effect for: McCurtain
TULSA - A teenage girl narrowly escaped a sexual assault Wednesday night before fighting off her attacker.
Tulsa Police Department spokesman Officer Leland Ashley said the 16-year-old was with friends at Warehouse Market near 3rd and Lewis around 10 p.m.
Ashley said the group was approached by 49-year-old Corey Reynolds, who said he had marijuana.
One of the girls accompanied Reynolds behind the building where he attempted to grope her.
Ashley said the teen hit Reynolds with a rock after he wouldn't stop.
An off-duty Creek County sheriff's deputy was nearby and stopped to help the teen.
Reynolds was arrested by a patrolling officer. He was booked into the Tulsa County Jail for sexual battery and public intoxication on $2,100 bond.


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Rovio Stealthily Drops Price Of 'Tiny Thief' To 99 Cents For Limited Time
Rovio's point and click puzzler, Tiny Thief, has just dropped in price from $2.99 to $0.99. That's not a bad discount, and it's happening right now for we don't know how long.
It just might be time to jump on this one, then, as Tiny Thief is a great game.


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Attitude Era: Break It Down
by, 07-01-2012 at 06:57 AM (2707 Views)
Hello my fellow wrestling fans. I am going to blog about matches from Attitude Era that some of us maybe forgot and made an impact to the WWF storylines. I am only going to include matches that were on RAW IS WAR because in 3 weeks we are going to see the 1000th episode of Raw.
So I have made this clear now. If my spelling is bad then blame the 5 english teachers i have had in my life.
The first match i picked for the first blog of this type is a Tag Team match. This is unusual match because we had 4 guys who were faces at the time. The wrestlers were none other than New Age Outlaws vs.The Rock and Austin. I don't know if any of you remember this match so much but this has some really deep storyline telling here. I am going to include every single piece that i found about this storyline so if i missed something please tell me.
I have said this in my other blogs so I am going to include this sentence every time. I am not going to spoil about the match because i feel that it's better to watch it with your own eyes so you can build your own opinion about it. If you guys want me to put the match in my future blogs please tell me.
Part 1
October 25, 1999 Providence RI, New Age Outlaws vs. The Rock and Austin
Part 2
The main storyline for this match was that The Rock and Austin were in a rivalry with Triple H and feuded for the WWF title. Austin had lost a title match against Triple H at No Mercy 1999. At the same PPV The Rock beat Bulldog so he could remove a guy who was blocking his way to the WWF title story. After the win, The Rock challenged the WWF title holder for a match at Survivor Series. The night after the No Mercy PPV Austin also challenged Triple H for the WWF title. At this time we had two contenders so Vince announced a Triple Threat match at Survivor Series.
New Age Outlaws was a very hot tag team at this time and was involved in the World Tag team picture. They feuded with Foley and Al Snow for the World Tag team titles in almost a month to build up their Survivor Series match. New Age Outlaws won the tag titles from Foley and Snow a week before Survivor Series. Foley and Snow got their rematch at that PPV.
Oh I almost forgot this part. Why I chose this match was because it had all the things that can make a match be remembered. You have the 4 biggest superstars at that time in a Tag team match. 4 guys who were the most over guys in the WWF at that time. And you have 4 guys who could and can wrestle. Add a very hot Providence crowd who made this match even better. If I need to rate the match I am rating it a 4 star out of 5 stars. Just because of the in ring talent, mic skills and the insane crowd. And don't forget, the awesome commentary by Lawler and Ross.
Well that's all for me and I promise you I am going to choose matches that had an impact to a storyline. Not just a random single match, but a match with wrestling, entertainment and logic to the build up.


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Companies in Israel
bwe biogas-weser-ems GmbH & Co. KG
based in Friesoythe, GERMANY
Bwe - biogas weser-ems GmbH & Co. KG has planned and built over 350 biogas projects of different sizes and configurations encompassing an installed capacity of over 170 MWel. Our biogas plants run on waste products from the food industry (grease, flotation tailings, leftover food, municipal solid waste, etc.), manure or renewable energy crops such as corn, grass. Bwe ...
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Anguil Environmental Systems is a global provider of industrial air pollution control, emission abatement and energy recovery systems. We design, manufacturer, service and install thermal and catalytic oxidation technologies as well as heat recovery systems for a variety of applications and industries.
QUA Group LLC
based in Canonsburg, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
QUA® is an innovator of advanced membrane technologies that address the most demanding water challenges. Headquartered in the USA, QUA's products enable its OEM partners to provide cutting-edge solutions to end users in industrial and infrastructure markets worldwide. The company's diverse product portfolio includes FEDI® (fractional electrodeionization), Q-SEP® (hollow ...
based in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, GERMANY
thinkstep is the global leader in sustainability performance management. Our data, drawn from more than 7,000 datasets, is unrivalled in its scope and rigour, and permits precise sustainability calculations across all parts of the supply chain. Our software is robust, convenient to use and available on-demand or as part of a complex, configurable solution. Our services ...
Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd
based in Wanchai, CHINA
Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd is a subsidiary of Messe Frankfurt Exhibition GmbH, one of Europe's oldest and largest trade fair organisers. With a portfolio of 28 trade fairs in eight major cities, Messe Frankfurt (HK) is committed to providing high-quality platforms for companies wishing to expand or improve their business in China and Asia. Retaining a focus on the core ...
GLOBE Foundation
based in Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
The GLOBE Foundation was established to promote the business case for sustainable development. GLOBE's philosophy is that companies can do well by doing good, and environmental challenges bring enormous opportunity for the business sector. GLOBE has steadily expanded and now comprises several companies, each of which operates around the concept that protecting the ...
Clarke Energy
based in Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
Clarke Energy is a multinational specialist in the engineering, installation and maintenance of gas-fuelled power plants. Our facilities deliver fuel efficiency and help reduce carbon emissions. Applications include combined heat and power (CHP) with natural gas, biogas, landfill gas and coal gas. We are a the largest authorised distributor and service provider for GE's ...
Presto Geosystems
based in Appleton, WISCONSIN (USA)
As the original developer and leading manufacturer of innovative and quality construction products, Presto Geosystems` name is globally recognized for its eco-friendly solutions for the most demanding soil and water problems within the civil and landscape markets.Our solutions reduce overall project costs and offer high environmental benefit with low environmental impact. ...
Environnement S.A
based in Poissy, FRANCE
Environnement S.A is the leading company in the field of instrumentation for the environment. Ever since its creation in 1978, Environnement S.A has been dedicated to the study, development, manufacture and supply of advanced on-line gas, particulate and water analyzers, using the most recent technologies. Environnement S.A proposes a comprehensive range of continuous ...
based in Zaragoza, SPAIN
We are a company striving for excellence in management providing satisfaction to our customers, shareholders, employees and partners.Our corporate Mission, Vision and Values are the framework for our strategy and policy of excellence; focusing our success on innovation and technology, our people, total quality and competitiveness.Our employees aspire to be considered by ...


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Home | Current Issue | Past Issues | Search | Collections | PDA Services | Subscribe | Contact Us | Help | ACP Online
|About Annals
Annals of Internal Medicine is published by the American College of Physicians, an organization of more than 115,000 internal medicine physicians and medical students. These highlights are not intended to substitute for articles as sources of information. For an embargoed fax of an article, call 1-800-523-1546, ext. 2656, or 215-351-2656.
After reviewing literature on heart patients traveling by airplane, authors discuss effects of air travel and security devices on pacemakers and implantable automatic defibrillators, preflight screening, and in-flight venous thrombosis (Review, p. 148). Authors make recommendations on safe air travel after heart attacks and prevention of in-flight deep venous thrombosis and present a nine-item pretravel checklist for patients with cardiovascular disease.
A 12-month course of the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline did not improve symptoms of Gulf War veterans' illnesses (GWVI), a new study found (Article, p. 85). The researchers did the study because of speculation that infection with Mycoplasma (a form of bacteria) caused Gulf War illness. They randomized 491 deployed Gulf War veterans with GWVI and antibodies indicating current or past infection with Mycoplasma to take doxycycline or a placebo (dummy pill). The group taking doxycycline did no better than the group taking the placebo in physical or mental function, or in pain or fatigue, at 12- and 18-month checkups. An editorial writer says that it "was never very likely that Mycoplasma infection accounted for the Gulf War health effect," but "increasing numbers of U.S. veterans were beginning long-term, potentially hazardous antibiotic treatment …" (Editorial, p. 155). The writer says this study shows unequivocally that doxycycline "has no effect on the health of symptomatic Gulf War veterans."
A study of data on 539 elderly people who died in the United States between 1993 and 1995 found that 40 percent had living wills (Article, p. 113). People with living wills were more likely to die at home or in a nursing home than in a hospital. An editorial writer says that "an association between having a living will and site of death does not imply causality" and called for public policy to address the problems of care for frail and older people dying from chronic, progressive illnesses (Editorial, p. 159).


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The 2012 Judges' board of the Wole Soyinka Award for Investigative Reporting (WSAIR) chaired by the Dean, Lagos State School of Communication, Prof. Lai Eso, has decided on six winning works, six runners-up and four commendations after three weeks of assessment and a one-day scores collation session held recently in Lagos.
According to a release by the organisation, the winners, runners-up and commended works will be announced at a public award presentation ceremony scheduled for December 9, 2012 at the Cultural Centre in Kuto, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The Ogun State Governor, Senator Ibikunle Amosun, will be the Chief Host.
The winners are journalists whom the board have adjudged to demonstrate journalistic courage, individual creativity and public benefit in their report on public or corporate corruption, human rights violation, and or, the failure of regulatory agencies.
The WSCIJ-Nigeria Investigative Journalist of the Year 2012, which is the merit prize for the best outstanding work across all the categories, will also be awarded at the event. The finalists will go home with the prestigious award plaque, cash and kind prizes and certificates of commendation, according to the release. Admittance to the event is open to members of the public.


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Event Details
2012 Georgetown Energy & Cleantech ConferenceOctober 12 | 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM (add to my calendar)
- Location:
- Rafik B. Hariri Building | get directions
- Sponsor:
The world faces a range of critical energy challenges and significant investment is necessary to help ensure the future availability of affordable, low carbon energy. Innovation throughout the energy supply chain can enable private and public sectors to move closer to achieving this goal. Understanding current practices and anticipating future trends will be a key differentiator for companies and governments everywhere.
9:00 am - 9:30 am Registration and Breakfast
(Connelly Commons, 3rd Floor)
9:30 am - 9:45 am Opening Remarks
(Lohrfink Auditorium, 2nd Floor)
Taraneh Bastani, Club President
9:45 am - 10:30 am Opening Keynote Address
(Lohrfink Auditorium, 2nd Floor)
10:45 am - 11:45 am Leadership Panel - Smart Cities
(Lohrfink Auditorium, 2nd Floor)
12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Lunch
(Connelly Commons, 3rd Floor)
1:15 pm - 2:15 pm Breakout Panels
(Classrooms 2nd and 3rd Floors)
2:30 pm - 3:30 pm
• Future of Electric Utilities
• Innovative Financing Mechanisms
• Energy Efficiency
• Cutting Edge Technology
• Renewable Energy Infrastructure Development in Emerging Markets
• Energy Supply Chain
• Petroleum Flows under Volatile Regimes
3:30pm - 5:00pm Networking Reception
(Connelly Commons, 3rd Floor)
Registration: http://2012geccconference.eventbrite.com/#
- Register for this Event
- Conference
Event Map
37th and O St., NW
Washington, DC 20007


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Everything Nintendo touches, for me, is gold. I just can't get enough of it. I'd trade my PS3 for a N64 any day.
Printable View
Chivalry free weekend on Steam. I've never played anything so boring, generic and devoid of fun in my life. I've found more excitement in knife maps on CS and CSS.
Mechwarrior Online is a big, massive yawn. Once you get over the cool factor of controlling what feels like a legit heavy mech... it has very little else going for it. There are two game modes, and they're almost identical. There are several robots, though quite honestly the only real difference is that they're broken up onto four weight classes. Weapons are of little variety, shooting things isn't much fun, and because you're piloting a big tub of fuck, you can't really dodge anything. You've got a chance if you're piloting the lightest mech to circle around enemies faster than they can turn to shoot you, but beyond that it's all about praying that nobody decides to target you. Like any other multiplayer game, as soon as someone has you in their sights or targets you, they get tunnel vision and there's little if anything you can do to shake them off in this game.
I think a good comparison is Team Fortress 2, but only if everyone was a Heavy and you can only walk around with your chaingun revving(which makes the heavy walk slow). It's really not much fun. I wish they'd make an Armored Core Online.
Just bought Crysis 2, and a 3D TV. Tomorrow should be fun.
The only issue I'm aware of that Skyrim had on the PS3 was that the DLC was never getting released.
Though I think that's on the mend.
For sandbox games of that magnitude, bugs are to be expected. And the PS3 is going to be getting all the DLC soon I believe. I'm not keeping a close eye on it, I don't even have a PS3 and I have Skyrim for PC, but from what I remember February is supposed to be the magic month for Skyrim DLC on PS3.
EDIT: Here's something on the Skyrim DLC. They're going to be 50% off on their first week up too apparently. http://www.gamespot.com/news/skyrim-...ary-12-6403277


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BY Tyler Tschida on Sat October 20th, 2012
Today's AGF list includes a PDF converter, a music player, and an action puzzle game.
Continue reading →
BY Christine Chan on Fri September 07th, 2012
Everyone likes platformers and color-matching, but what happens when you combine the two? You get something that's pretty challenging and addictive, that's what.
Continue reading →


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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
By Claire Billings,, brandrepublic.com, Tuesday, 28 October 2003 11:00AM
Ivey, who joins AOL UK next week, will be responsible for maximising advertising revenues on the AOL ISP service, as well as managing the business development and agency sales teams.
Kramer left AOL in May to return to Dow Jones to take up the role of advertising director of The Wall Street Journal Europe.
With online's share of the advertising market growing, AOL continues to turn to traditional media specialists as it positions itself alongside television, radio and print as a preferred medium for advertisers.
Ivey steps into his new role next week and will report to Andy Jonesco, the former managing director of Express Newspapers who has been vice-president of interactive marketing since May 2002.
"Having worked at a senior level in radio at a time when it experienced significant growth, Giles is in an excellent position to grasp the online sector and to successfully translate the AOL offering to mainstream advertisers. Furthermore, his knowledge of agency sales will be crucial as more and more agencies recognise that the internet must be central to their clients' media strategies," Jonesco said.
Ivey, who worked for Capital Radio before joining Virgin, already has experience working online from a spell at search engine Ask Jeeves.
"Online has returned to its place as the fastest-growing advertising medium in the UK, so this role really captured people's interest," Jonesco said. "The applicants were of extremely high calibre and we are delighted that Giles will be joining us to lead our sales team and drive our advertising revenues."
If you have an opinion on this or any other issue raised on Brand Republic, join the debate in the Forum here.
This article was first published on brandrepublic.com
Before commenting please read our rules for commenting on articles.
If you see a comment you find offensive, you can flag it as inappropriate. In the top right-hand corner of an individual comment, you will see 'flag as inappropriate'. Clicking this prompts us to review the comment. For further information see our rules for commenting on articles.
Rating: 5.0
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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NSCC.edu is dedicated to giving you the information most relevant to you. By setting your site preferences, we can customize the site to best fit your needs.
To stay in TN Promise Fall 2015 program, you must complete 8 hours of Community Service and submit online form by August 1. Full Info
Fall Checklist for Attending Nashville State
Registration for the Fall 2015 semester begins April 6, 2015 and ends August 16, 2015. Late registration with $25 late fee is from August 17–23, 2015. Tuition waivers due Friday, Aug. 21.
As a benefit of attending Nashville State, students will receive a subscription to lynda.com — an online learning library with over 1,500 instructional videos covering the latest software, creative and business skills, including:
What's happening at Nashville State? Check out the event calendar for workshops, student life events and important dates.
Web Site Design by Paramore | the digital agency
Nashville State Community College is an AA/EEO employer and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its programs and activities. Full Non-Discrimination Policy


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Mary B. Brooks
Mary B. Brooks, 79, was called to eternal life, peacefully at home in the presence of her children on Wednesday, June 23, 2010.
Born July 9, 1930, in Rose Twp., Carroll County, she was a daughter of the late Harry and Beatrice Williams Kessler.
Mary was a member of St. Mary's Church in Morges. She was active in church activities and the Catholic Women's Club. A devoted farm wife, she actively managed the family's Carroll County farm and was an avid gardener until her recent illness caused her to slow down. She was treasured by her family and friends and thoroughly enjoyed filling her home with family, especially on holidays.
She is survived by her children, Larry (Pam) Brooks of Ostrander, Terry (Barb) Brooks of Carrollton, Amy (David) Tinlin of South Bend, IN, Tim (Doreen) Brooks of Dellroy, and Todd (Cathy) Brooks of Ragersville; her sister, Wilma Torkos of Orlando, FL; thirteen grandchildren, nine great grandchildren; and nieces and nephews.
She was preceded in death by her husband and soul mate, Lynn L. Brooks, on Oct. 14, 1984.
Mass of Christian Burial was held June 28 in St. Mary's Church in Morges with Fr. Thomas Marut and Fr. Victor Cinson officiating. Burial was in the Morges Cemetery. In lieu of flowers the family requests donations be made to Hospice of Carroll County, 1040 Trump Road NW, Suite B, Carrollton, OH 44615.
Arrangements were under the care and guidance of Sweeney-Dodds Funeral Home of Carrollton.
©2010 The Free Press Standard
Contact the webmaster at: email@example.com


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Are there any major advantages for either? what are the differences?
V5 is busty and idealised, S5 is a more normal (if still slim) looking woman. Either is more finely detailed than the Basic Female shape.
DAZ Studio Frequently Asked Questions
Index of free DAZ Studio scripts and plugins list
Aside from personal preference about their appearance, S5 comes with three head shapes and three body shapes, while V5 has just one head and two body options.
Community Volunteer
Monthly New User Contests!
My tutorials and FAQs | My Gallery | My Render Thread
Visit my world… Tornalia.com | http://scottlivingston.deviantart.com
The beauty of them both being part of Genesis is that you can mix and match the features of both of them. So, if you like one bit of V5 and one bit of S5 you can combine them and might end up with what you really want.
I loooove Stephanie 5! gonna be using her a TONNE! Maybe I'll make some freebie Dialed Stephanie characters just for SnGs…
My DeviantArt Galleries
My ShareCG Gallery
OPENSUBDIV Testing and Discussion
3Delight Surface and Lighting Thread
2getit - 19 November 2012 03:27 PMAre there any major advantages for either? what are the differences?
Okay, Stephanie is just over 5' tall in both default and curvy, 5'6 in Model. Victoria is 5'6 in defaullt, 5'9 (i think) in Supermodel.
They have VERY similar UVS! SIMILAR, not exactly he same!!!!! The are just different enough that using a Victoria 5 map on Stephanie 5 UVS might be a problem. IMHO, I think making Stephanie 5 Textures is a loosing proposition. You should use the Victoria 5 UVS instead. FORTUNATELY you can. Riley for Stephanie 5 by the gloriously talented Vyktohria is stunningly beautiful… and Vyktohria was smart enough to use the Victoria 4 uvs, which makes her Riley for S5 textures and material injection scripts usable by Victoria 4…
Bottom line is this: since we have so many options with Genesis UVS, it sort of becomes a non-issue… unless and untill somone starts producing textures for one of the other UVS sets.
My advice on Stephanie 5: buy her. She's worth having as a default base even if you don't have Victoria 5.
Okay…. now I'm wasting my valuable time playing with S5… here's Ayano. She's wearing Stephanie 5's body unmodified (except for my belly button)
Face Morphs are as follows (all available at DAZ)
Amaterasu Head: .45
Stephanie 5 Head: -1
Asian Female A Up: -.23
Asian Female B Up: .47
Asian Female B Low: -.091
Asian Female C Low: .47
Head Propagating Scale: 6%
Neck Lenth: .24
She's wearing the Riley texture (not Vyktohria's, the OTHER Riley for Genesis, also here at DAZ)
That's the Asian Face Morphs set for Genesis, Amaterasu, Stephanie 5, and i also tweaked some values from the Die Trying morphs to the face. But those are too lengthy to go over.
I use both. I tend to think steph renders in a more realisticly human way than vic does right out of the box.
I tend to bump Stephanie taller. I don't like too much height disparity between my male and female characters when I render 'em, but that's easily done.


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The new Other Specialist Retailers in Norway: Market Snapshot to 2017 market analysis contains detailed historic and forecast retail sales values of Norway Other Specialist Retailers.
The report provides an opinion to help companies in the retail industry better understand the changes in their environment, seize opportunities and formulate crucial business strategies.
This report is the result of extensive market research covering Norway Other Specialist Retailers. It provides detailed historic and forecast sales value of the market at channel level. Other Specialist Retailers in Norway: Market Snapshot to 2017 provides a top-level overview and detailed insight into the operating environment of Norway retail industry. It is an essential tool for companies active across Norway retail value chain and for new players considering
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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Organize, or Prune for Growth
May 22nd, 2014
When you prune your home or office of clutter, like pruning a tree, light gets in where it didn't before, air circulates better and new growth appears.
For just about all my clients where their clutter has been present for some time, once we begin to clear the clutter, things open up in other areas of life for them.
In your environment at work where productivity is essential, and especially at home where your refuge is a place to both recharge and decompress, a clutter-free space is essential to forward movement. When you surround yourself with a simple, well-functioning environment where everything has a purpose and serves you, or brings you joy, your life will flow smoothly. If your home or office is cluttered without systems in place to support you, it drains energy.
It is fundamental to take some time to organize and declutter every now and then. There is an analogy that Jason Fried used in his regular Get Real column in Inc. Magazine (February. 2013). He uses it in the context of a business tip, yet struck me as very applicable anywhere in life. He found, after eliminating nonessential offerings in his business (A.K.A. decluttering!), they unexpectedly developed two new product offerings and expect exponential growth. He likened it to pruning his apple tree:
"There are a number of reasons to prune a tree. ..to make it look prettier, to cut away or prevent disease, or to generate more fruit. ...cutting things back is a way of favoring what is left. You help the tree flourish... Light gets in where it couldn't before. Air circulates better. And new growth appears."
He affirms that if you do it right, you give your tree a stronger foundation for the future. If you are looking for growth or change at your home or office, or just a breath of fresh air, getting organized may be just the answer.


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Ok, it seems to work for me, so pulled.
However, by "work for me" I mean "doesn't actually seem to make any difference for me". Maybe I'm odd, but the most common situation is either a fairly idle machine (in which case the old NOHZ did fine) or a fairly over-crowded one when I'm running something sufficiently threaded (in which case the new NOHZ_FULL doesn't do anything either).
So I really hope the "cpu has more than one running thread" case is getting a lot of attention. Not for 3.10, but right now it seems to still result in the same old 1kHz timer interrupts..
So I haven't actually found a real load where any of this makes a noticeable *difference*.


text:
Narrow your search
Increase your connection speed and recover broken downloads.
The Political Machine 2012 updates the Beltway players and the hot-button issues, but keeps the same gameplay as its 2008 predecessor.
The streaming-music wars are on, with Apple Music and Spotify now locked in a battle on price, features and artist selection. But how do they compare on sound quality? We put them head-to-head to find out.
The big news for iOS 8.4 is Apple Music, but there's a long list of tweaks and fixes to iBooks and more in the latest iOS update.
With much riding on the new version of its marquee software, Microsoft opts for caution and says the Windows 10 rollout will come "in waves, slowly."
Polarr opted not to build an app specifically for Apple's iOS software, instead going the less-traveled route of using more-universal Web technologies. That decision is now paying off with droves of downloads.
Run a quick script, get the missing icon.
The game you want to play is only available to Canadians? Here's how to trick your iPhone into thinking you're Canadian.
After years resisting subscriptions, Apple hits play on a $10-a-month streaming music service Tuesday with a three-month free trial.
Lengthy download times have been reported by European users.
Opera Software and Vietnamese service provider Vinaphone join forces to bring a subscription model for app purchases to the country.


text:
Ed Sheeran just said what we've all been thinking about Taylor Swift this whole time…
"I know she's 24 but she's a sort of middle-aged woman trapped in a 24-year-old's body. She hangs out with her cat and sews things," T.Swizzle's BFF told Time in a recent interview.
As you know, I'm a big fan of Swifty, but I have to agree with Ed. I mean, let's just take a look at some of Tay's most middle-aged moments:
I think my 45-year-old nanny had the same pajamas and glasses:
All this to say, Taylor: you are the only middle-aged lady I'd let into my clique. XOXO
Stay up-to-date with your celebrity gossip! Follow me on Facebook and Twitter. XOXO


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Friday, June 12, 2009
Rush Reunion Aug. 21, 2010
Just a reminder to you that a little over a year from now is our 5th Rush Reunion. There will be day trips starting Monday Aug. 16, 2010 and continuing throughout the week. The day before the large reunion there will be smaller ones of each of John D. Rush's descendants. It is a perfect opportunity to get together for some family photos and correspond with some that we may not otherwise have such an opportunity. Please help us attain our goal of 1,000 attendees and the biggest reunion yet. Let's see Benedicta come alive once again.
Posted by Michelle at 2:26 PM
2 comments:
- susana said...
I have been in search of such interesting Articles, I am on a holiday its good to see that everyone are trying their best to keep up the Spirit by having such great articles posted.
Cheers, Keep it up.
Increase your brand popularity overnight
- August 11, 2009 at 4:17 AM
- dyana said...
Hello People, I was on a holiday for a month just passing by read this interesting post its great to see that every thing here is getting more lively...thanks a lot for these keep them coming....
Increase your brand popularity overnight
- August 12, 2009 at 4:51 AM
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Website Detail Page
written by Jan Mader and Mary Winn
This chapter of the Resource Book for the Beginning Physics Teacher provides four example activities that can be used on the first days of class. The activities are designed to get students started in taking an active role in their learning and to provide an introduction to a learning cycle approach to science.
download 18kb .pdf
Last Modified: August 16, 2006
View the supplemental documents attached to this resource (4)
In this activity, students observe the behavior of raisins placed in assorted liquids. This complete learning cycle introduces students to the science… more...
download 21kb .pdf
Rights: © Jan Mader and Mary Winn.
Published: August 15, 2006
This activity introduces students to some of the equipment that they will be using in their physics class, requires them to make some basic measurements, and… more...
download 23kb .pdf
Rights: © Jim Nelson. Used with permission.
Published: August 15, 2006
This demonstration and activity can be used to help students learn to make observations and draw inferences. Students can be asked to build models for how… more...
download 23kb .pdf
Rights: © AAPT, 1999. Used with permission.
Published: August 15, 2006
This in-class demonstration is designed to involve students in observation and scientific reasoning. Students observe, discuss, and model an experiment with… more...
download 24kb .pdf
Rights: © Jan Mader and Mary Winn. This material can be used for non-commercial purposes with proper attribution.
Published: August 15, 2006
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Mader, Jan, and Mary Winn. New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started. August 15, 2006.
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J. Mader and M. Winn, , Version Pre-publication (2006), WWW Document, (http://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4202&DocID=151).
J. Mader and M. Winn, New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started, , Version Pre-publication (2006), <http://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4202&DocID=151>.
APA Format
Mader, J., & Winn, M. (2006, August 15). New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started. Retrieved July 4, 2015, from http://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4202&DocID=151
Chicago Format
Mader, Jan, and Mary Winn. New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started. August 15, 2006. http://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4202&DocID=151 (accessed 4 July 2015).
MLA Format
Mader, Jan, and Mary Winn. New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started. Vers. Pre-publication. 2006. 15 Aug. 2006. 4 July 2015 <http://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4202&DocID=151>.
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@misc{ Author = "Jan Mader and Mary Winn", Title = {New Teacher Resource Book: Getting Started}, Volume = {2015}, Number = {4 July 2015}, Month = {August 15, 2006}, Year = {2006} }
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June 11, 2011
Due to budget restrictions, this meeting was held by conference call. The out-of-town members were connected via telephone while the Raleigh-based members met in the conference room of Fisher Building in Raleigh, NC.
Call to Order, Invocation, and Pledge of Allegiance
Chair Butler called the 306th meeting of the NC Commission for the Blind to order at 10:05 a.m. on Saturday, June 11, 2011. Chair Beth Butler offered the invocation. The Pledge of Allegiance was recited.
Chair Beth Butler welcomed everyone and reminded members of the Ethics Awareness and Conflict of Interest order. If any board member has any known conflict with respect to any matters coming before the Board, please identify the conflict or appearance of conflict and refrain from any undue participation in the particular matter involved.
Present in the Conference Room: Lin Taliaferro, Cynthia Speight, Gary Ray, Dr. Bernstein, Julie Kagy, Joann Wood, David Arthur, Eddie Weaver, Dr. Gropper, Dr. Chamblee, and Carla Parker
Present on the Conference Call: Beth Butler, Brenda Montforti, Kim Lambert, Allen Casey, Richard Oliver, and Erica Nail.
Invocation was offered by Chair Beth Butler. Pledge of allegiance
Allen Casey was appointed as Parliamentarian.
Several appointments have been made since our last meeting: Beth Butler, Erica Nail, Brenda Montforti, and Brenda Savage. Chair Butler reminded the new appointees of the required Ethics training and the Statement of Economic Interest that must be filed.
Brenda Monforti volunteered to serve as our Ethics Liaison as Graham Watt's term has expired. Carla Parker will inform the Governor's Office of his change.
There has been interest expressed in changing the meeting time of the Commission for the Blind. From the beginning, the Commission for the Blind has met on the 2nd Saturday of the third month of each calendar quarter. Many suggestions were offered--If the meetings were held during the week, the doctors would definitely be effected. A suggestion was made that in June and December, the meeting be held during the week and in March and September, the meetings will be held at the regularly scheduled time on Saturdays. This meeting time change will also affect the Consumer and Advocacy Advisory Committee meetings.
A motion was made by Kim Lambert and seconded by Richard Oliver to change the meeting times of the Commission for the Blind.
The September and March meetings will be held the 2nd Saturday from 10 a.m. til 12 noon. December and June meetings will be held on the 2nd Thursday from 4-6 p.m. With the exception of the September 2011 meeting. Due to the NFB and ACB conferences both planned for the weekend of September 10, the Commission for the Blind meeting will be delayed by 1 week—Meeting on September 17.
Approval of Minutes:
Motion was made by Richard Oliver, seconded by Allen Casey and moved to approve the minutes of December 11, 2010 and March 12, 2011.
Committee Reports:
Public Relations—Beth Butler and Ruth Haines:
Mary Flanagan gave an update on our media campaign. Everyone should have either heard or seen the commercial. The State Office received 770 calls from the campaign. Some of the callers were not pleasant expressing their concern of being denied by the Medical Eye Care Program and we were advertising. We explained to callers that the Medical Eye Care Program is only one program within DSB. DSB changed their greeting on voice mail to correspond with the commercial. The greeting is in English and Spanish. Overall, DSB is very pleased with the campaign.
DSB is currently in the process of developing a 3 minute video tape that targets employers.
Inter-Committee Relations—Ruth Haines
No Report
Advocacy Committee—Richard Oliver
No Report
Personnel Development Committee—July Kagy
No Report
Director's Report—Eddie Weaver
Mr. Weaver reported on the budget. At the present time, DSB's budget for the Medical Eye Care which is funded by all State dollars was reduced by $191,000. Remaining for the Medical Eye Care Program is $1.7 million for SFY11/12. The program has been restricted this past year by only being able to provide medications. DSB will be looking at what services will be resumed effective July 1, 2011.
The Independent Living Services Program (Social Workers) budget was reduced by $1 million dollars in appropriations but it will be replaced by SSBG money.
At this time in the legislation there is no consolidation mentioned. However, in March Governor Perdue issued an Executive Order 85 which recommended the consolidating of Services for the Blind, Deaf and Hard of Hearing, and Vocational Rehabilitation. If the legislators do not take any action, this proposal would take effect July 2012. The Governor did not recommend any budget or position reductions.
DSB's case management system BEAM, Business Electronic Accessible Management, kicked off in April with a face-to-face meeting with the trainers. The target date for full implementation is October 1. Staff from around the State are testing different features of this system. On June 20, all staff should have access to demographics and start entering information into BEAM.
The North Carolina Conference on Blindness and Visual Impaired was held in April on the GMS campus. There is a Rachel Rawls award that is presented each year and this year the award was presented to Gary Ray, Chair of the Consumer and Advocacy Advisory Committee.
A fundraiser was held in March, Raising Cane 5K Run. It was a great success with over 170 people participating. Over $8,200 was raised.
Report of the Consumer and Advocacy Advisory Committee—Gary Ray
The Commission for the Blind is on the hit list that the Governor presented to the legislature for them to review and eliminate some of the boards and commissions. New appointments are being made now. The advocacy groups will work to protect the Commission for the Blind's existence.
Gary Ray mentioned the Executive Order 85 wherein it merges Services for the Blind, Deaf and Hard of Hearing, and Vocational Rehabilitation. There is a short session coming up and the CAAC will do their best to get a bill introduced into the legislature specifically negating this portion of the Order.
NewsLine is funding again this year but the funding is now coming from non-match block grants.
The governance of the residential schools is under the State Board of Education but legislation states that DPI will make a recommendation to close one of the three schools.
Professional Advisory Committee—Lin Taliaferro
Certified Medical Eye Care Budget for SFY 10/11 was $1,802,707.
Total Expenditures were $1,682,434
As of now, it is estimated that the MEC will have $1,000 left at the end of SFY.
DSB is hoping to be able to re-open the Medical Eye Care Program on July 1, 2011.
Old Business
New Business
Richard Oliver and Allen Casey's term expires June 30, 2011. Both expressed interest in being reappointed.


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Google Drive randomly deleted all my files. I have no idea how it happened, I removed one file, it removed all of them.
I restored them from trash, but now Google Drive is duplicated all my files, and randomly syncing files here and there. It's completely messed up!!!
Anyone else having this issue?!!!


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Man found negligent in crash that killed 1, paralyzed CHP officer
A jury Wednesday found Jeremy White of Paso Robles negligent in causing an accident in 2007 that paralyzed a former California Highway Patrol officer and killed a motorist.
Former CHP Officer Anthony Pedeferri; his wife, Carrie; and the family of Rolando Parra, who died in the accident, sued White and Bert's Mega Mall in Covina in a civil case in Ventura County Superior Court.
Jurors also found that Bert's Mall, which is owned by RJS Financial LLC and Seidner Enterprises LLC, was negligent in causing the Dec. 19, 2007, accident.
The accident occurred when White's pickup truck plowed into Parra's small sport utility vehicle, which was stopped on the right shoulder of northbound Highway 101 near Faria Beach north of Ventura. Pedeferri had pulled Parra over for a traffic violation and was talking to him through the passenger window when White's truck slammed into the SUV, killing Parra and leaving Pedeferri a quadriplegic.
White pleaded guilty in September 2008 to gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated and selling and transporting marijuana. He was sentenced to 15 years.
Bert's Mega Mall was sued because several hours before the crash two mall employees loaded the motorcycles into the back of White's truck in an "improper and unsafe backwards-facing manner," according to the plaintiffs. They said the bikes were not strapped down to the truck properly.
Those allegations were denied by lawyers representing Bert's Mall.
Jurors assessed White damage liability at 67 percent and Bert's Mall at 33 percent. In addition, they found the defendants were substantial factors in causing the accident.
Jurors began deliberating Dec. 17, but took a break for the Christmas holidays. Shortly after jurors returned on Jan. 3, a juror became ill and was replaced by an alternate. There were nine days of jury deliberations.
Throughout the deliberations, jurors were involved in spirited arguments and at one point the judge had to tell them to treat each other with respect and courtesy.
After the announcement was made that verdicts had been reached, a lawyer representing Bert's Mall told the judge there had been jury misconduct outside the courtroom. The mall's attorney, James Siepler, said a witness saw two jurors asking a bailiff about how much time must pass before they can write a book about the case.
After getting an answer from the bailiff, Siepler told the judge "they (the jurors) high-fived each other."
More than an hour after the jury left, Ventura County Superior Court Judge Vincent O'Neill heard more testimony about the alleged misconduct and denied Siepler's motion to declare a mistrial.
O'Neill ordered that the damages phase of the trial begin today. Experts witness will testify concerning the mental, emotional and economic losses the plaintiffs have suffered.
The plaintiffs' lawyers are asking for up to $35 million in damages. They patted and hugged their clients after the court was dismissed.
Siepler and the mall's other lawyer, Terrence L. Cranert of Pasadena, along with White's attorney, Kurt Boyd of Woodland Hills declined to comment as they left the courtroom.
Siepler and Cranert had argued Bert's Mall didn't do anything wrong and White was solely to blame for the accident.
Pedeferri's lawyers, Michael Alder of Beverly Hills and Erik B. Feingold of Ventura, said they were "very happy" with the jurors' decisions.
Feingold called it a just and correct verdict based on the evidence.
The Parras' lawyer, John Gerard of Los Angeles, said had White's insurance company written a $14,999 check to the Parras family months ago the couple's lawsuit would have been settled. White's insurance coverage was a limited liability policy of $15,000. Instead, they "played games."
Cranert had argued that this was a good faith offer on the part of the insurance company.
But no agreement was reached, so now they will be held liable for the amount of the damages.
Now, Gerard said the insurance company is responsible for the entire amount of the damages, even if jurors award a multimillion-dollar amount against White on behalf of the Parras.
The original version of this story had incorrect information about who the Parra family had sought a settlement agreement with.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
New edition
Another page turned
| Marcus Clem editor in chief |
They say time flies when you're having fun, but that's not really true; time flies when you're too busy to notice it. Though I've certainly had some fun along the way.
This issue will be my last as editor of The Collegio. I would like to think that I've managed to leave the newspaper better than I found it, though at most I've been a channel for a Pittsburg State community.
I envy my successor, but even more, the editors who will be here in the years to come. More and more people will join Pitt State's ranks and I know the newspaper will get to be a window to an even brighter future.
We've achieved a lot in this year. With a silver medal from the Kansas Collegiate Media, we showed how The Collegio is among the best student projects in the state.
Some of our content complemented this year's Kanza, which was named the best publication of its kind in the state for the fourth year in a row. Both publications saw staffers take home dozens of individual awards.
We've built coverage of local, state and even national or international news events as a consistent front-page element.
We held public officials to account and placed a well-organized and easy-to-understand window for important issues into readers' hands.
Our entertainment section informed people about fun things to do before they happened and served as the one of the best platforms in Pittsburg for students to share information about the performing arts.
Our opinion page provided well-researched and thoughtful viewpoints from the staff and our community guest writers, to whom I offer my immense gratitude.
A lot of ways to improve this newspaper lie ahead. We need to build a consistent social media presence, though I was proud to see our Facebook followers recently near 1,000 in number.
We need to plug firmly into breaking news as it happens, and avoid simply reacting to events that are concluded. We need to tell more personal stories and build in-depth features on complex, ongoing issues.
I offer my sincerest thanks to our loyal readers, who have been and will remain part of everything we do, to build Southeast Kansas' strongest medium for the free exchange of ideas.
If you want to be part of this incredible project, reach out to my successor at 620-235-4901, or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
And don't worry, I'll still be around.
Marcus Clem is a junior in
communication and Spanish.
New girl in town
| Kelsea Renz managing editor |
Most of you may not know me. I'm the new girl this year: a transfer student, somewhat of an outsider.
And I'm your new editor-in-chief.
I do mean yours. I may now bear the title of editor of The Collegio and must now follow in the footsteps of those fantastic editors before me to continue the legacy of The Collegio, but I serve you, the readers.
It is for you that the staff and I work long nights and take on immense stress to bring you timely and entertaining news.
It is for you that we are present at almost every event, happy or sad, that has to do with Pittsburg State.
And it is for you that I embark on the journey of being your editor, to accurately and fairly represent you on this campus, in this town and in this state.
I came to Pitt State from Baylor University in Texas. I grew up around the area because my parents are alumni, yet I was still an alien here.
I joined The Collegio on a whim the first week of school, having never done newspaper before but wanting both a job and a way to be involved in the university.
I could never have imagined it would grow to mean so much to me so quickly.
I add to a rare class of Collegio editor in that I am not a communication major.
As such, I have much still to learn, and I must rely on my staff and you, the readers, to help me. Because without you, there would be no paper.
I don't just mean that if you stop reading, we'd not be able to put out papers, although that is true. I mean that you are whom we write to, whom we write for.
You are the voices from the outside, the very heartbeat of this school and this town. I am honored to be your editor and give you the opportunity to express yourselves.
I look forward to another great year for The Collegio, for Pitt State and for you.
Kelsea Ranz is a junior
in international business.