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Book Search
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Series: Routledge Great Minds
Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the greatest and most fascinating philosophers of all time. His Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, composed in a series of remarkable numbered propositions, was the only book he published in his lifetime. He tackles nothing less than the question of whether there is such...
Published July 2nd 2013 by Routledge
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
2nd Edition
Series: Routledge Classics
Perhaps the most important work of philosophy written in the twentieth century, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus was the only philosophical work that Ludwig Wittgenstein published during his lifetime. Written in short, carefully numbered paragraphs of extreme brilliance, it captured the imagination...
Published May 18th 2001 by Routledge
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
German and English
The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus first appeared in 1921 and was the only philosophical work that Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) published during his lifetime. Written in short, carefully numbered paragraphs of extreme compression and brilliance, it immediately convinced many of its readers and...
Published September 10th 1981 by Routledge
Series: Routledge Library Editions
Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, first published in 1921, has had a profound influence on modern philosophic thought. Prototractatus is a facsimile reproduction of an early version of Tractatus, only discovered in 1965. The original text has a parallel English translation and the text...
Published October 6th 1971 by Routledge


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Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is a really well written article.
I will make sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your
useful info. Thanks for the post. I will definitely comeback.
i am disgusted by all government that let that happens, these poor people human being before to be muslims do not they consider that??? this is horrible SHAME to the government!
and the DALAI LAMA who is supposed to be peaceful, can't he talk to this buddhist group!!!!
It is good to see the brave Buddhists a kicking the muslim invaders out. Muslims have been trying to take over Burma with higher birth rates and Saudi money for a while. The Saudis are building big mosques everywhere and muslims are raping Buddhist women. All the muslims are not Burmese as they are immigrants from Bangladesh.

subset: commoncrawl


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Flock the social networking based fork of Mozilla has a much better interface than Firefox, if you are looking to get the same interface to Firefox, you are in luck.Read More
If you are using Personas, a lightweight skin changer for Firefox and are a Harry Potter fan, Warner Bros have released new Harry Potter and Half-Blood prince personas to coincide with the July 15th premier of the movie.Read More
In the past we have told you about several beautiful Firefox themes which were really beautiful, but we must say that Mac themes are definitely good to look at, which is the reason we are introducing you to a iTunes theme for Firefox. Related: Convert Firefox Into A Music HubRead More
Halloween is just around the corner, and last time we told you about some free Halloween stuff for your PC. This time around Smashing Magazine has come up with a nice set of wallpapers that you use to spice up your desktop with.Read More
In our earlier posts we had told you about Free Twitter Themes and PageRage a tool to spice-up your Facebook profile. Orkut is another social networking platform popular in India and South America, that we regularly use. So here are some free themes that will help you spice up your Orkut Profile pages. To start […]Read More
Twitter recently did a redesign just like us and with that, they added new themes you could use for your profile. But the themes are not what one would die for and are pretty much plain Jane. If you are looking to add something better as your twitter background, Twitter Gallery offers a collection of […]Read More
Windows 7 has definitely been making lot of waves these days and hopefully Microsoft should not repeat fiascos it had with Vista for its release in June 2009. In the past, we had shared the screenshots of the Windows 7 M3 build and also told you about the Windows 7 customization pack for Windows Vista. […]Read More
iPhone definitely has a great theme, and many developers have emulated similar themes for other devices. We have created this new series for users who are looking to download and use the iPhone themes for popular devices. To start of with we would love to introduce you to 4 iPhone themes you can use on […]Read More


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Marketing Information
Corsair Vengeance DDR3 memory modules are designed with overclockers in mind. Vengeance DIMMs are built using RAM specially selected for their high-performance potential. Aluminum heat spreaders help dissipate heat, and provide the aggressive look that you want in your gaming rig. As a bonus, the attractive low price of Vengeance memory will also leave lots of room in your system build budget.
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How to Get Rid of Migraines
Four Methods:Migraine PreventionLifestyle and Behavioral TreatmentsMedicationHerbal and Alternative Therapies
The frustrating thing about getting rid of migraines is that what works for one person is not always effective for another. Migraines begin and respond to different triggers, so you will need to work with your doctor to treat them. According to the Mayo Clinic, migraines are neurological disorders that cannot be cured but they can be managed. Get rid of migraines by preventing them when you can, and treating symptoms naturally and with medication.
Method 1 of 4: Migraine Prevention
1Listen to your body. Recognizing what triggers a migraine can help you avoid it. For example, some people get migraines from chocolate or caffeine or too much stress.Ad
2Maintain regular habits. When your body knows what to expect during the day and night, you will be less likely to get a migraine.
- Go to bed at a regular time, keep your exercise habits in sync and eat your meals and snacks at around the same time and in around the same sizes every day.
3Learn to meditate. Experts believe that relaxation strategies such as meditation can reduce your stress and the chance that you will get migraines. Stress is the number one migraine trigger.
4Take a preventative medication every day if your doctor agrees it is a good idea. This works best for people who have disabling migraine headaches that come with uncontrollable pain.
- Discuss different medication options and side effects with your doctors. Some people take antidepressants and anti-seizure medications to prevent migraines. Botox injections are also used to control frequent migraines.
Method 2 of 4: Lifestyle and Behavioral Treatments
1Try not to eat food additives and artificial flavors and sweeteners. Many people suffer from migraines after eating too much processed foods or food containing artificial sweeteners such as aspartame.
2Identify food triggers. Some people get migraines after eating chocolate, certain fruits, gluten, cheese or nuts. Figure out what triggers your migraine and avoid it.
3Eat more tryptophan. You can find this in turkey, fish, brown rice, yogurt and other foods, or you can take a supplement that includes tryptophan. It stimulates dopamine production, which can relieve migraines.
4Evaluate your sleep patterns. Treat migraines by getting enough sleep every night, but not oversleeping.
5Find a dark room to rest in while you wait for the migraine to pass. Most people who suffer from migraines are sensitive to light.
6Place an ice pack on the back of your neck or a cold washcloth on your forehead to try and relieve the tension of a migraine.Ad
Method 3 of 4: Medication
1Try an over the counter medication such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Some acetaminophen drugs such as Excedrin also includes caffeine, which can help or hurt depending on how your migraines react to caffeine.
- Look for specific migraine medications when choosing an OTC medication. Many brands now offer migraine relief to treat specific migraine symptoms.
2Consider using a prescribed drug to treat your migraines when you get them. Triptans are the most common, but come with a risk of heart attack or stroke, so talk to your doctor about your health history before taking anything.
3Ask your doctor or pharmacist about prescription nasal sprays that may be available. The drug dihydroergotamine has been found to reduce some migraine symptoms, such as light sensitivity and nausea.Ad
Method 4 of 4: Herbal and Alternative Therapies
1Schedule an acupuncture treatment. Tiny needles will be placed in strategic spots under your skin. Clinical trials have noted good results for headache treatment.
2Have a massage. Scientists are still studying what effect massage has on migraines, but they may reduce the frequency of migraines, and many people feel better when they undergo massage therapy.
- Give yourself a massage if you are suffering from a migraine but cannot get yourself to a massage therapist. Gently rub and knead your neck and the base of your skull.
3Try biofeedback. This is a system for relieving migraines where you are fitted with equipment that records how you respond physically to different neurological triggers. You can learn to control how you respond to stress and pain.
4Take butterbur. This herb reduces inflammation and the severity of your migraine pain. You can find it in supplements.
5Drink a tea with lavender or burn candles or oil containing lavender to reduce the intensity of your migraine. It can also relieve neck spasms and pain behind the eyes you might feel during a migraine.Ad
We could really use your help!
rare coins?
Facebook Friends?
- Always start any migraine treatment plan with a visit to your doctor. You want to eliminate other physical causes for your headaches and make sure you are not putting your health at risk when you try to manage your migraines.
Sources and Citations
- http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/migraine-headache/DS00120/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs
- http://www.health.com/health/condition-article/0,,20594100,00.html
- http://www.migraineheadachesaid.com/2010/06/easy-ways-to-soothe-migraine-pain/
- http://www.naturalnews.com/037419_migraines_headaches_pain_relief.html
Article Info
Categories: Headaches and Migraines
In other languages:
Deutsch: Migräne bekämpfen, Español: eliminar las migrañas, Français: se débarrasser des migraines, 中文: 消除偏头痛, Italiano: Liberarsi dell'Emicrania, Русский: избавиться от мигреней, Português: Se Livrar da Enxaqueca
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,998 times.


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Mobile recycling 'goes primetime'
10 February 2009 — 4:00 PM
There are a number of initiatives in place that are giving the public the confidence to recycle mobile phones they no longer need, it has been advised.
According to a blog post on the Nokia Conversations website, primetime television was the latest avenue used to highlight the benefits of trading in used mobiles.
James writes on the site's Environment page that, at the weekend, Sky 1's Noel's HQ asked viewers to hand in older devices to help a national charity that trains dogs to help disabled people.
He adds it is this kind of campaign that will draw attention to how recycling mobile phones can not only be good for the environment, but can also be used to help those in need.
The writer called for "simplicity, prominence and authority" in initiatives aimed at encouraging the practice and that this should be used to "drive the message home".
In addition to the charitable benefits that can be enjoyed by recycling, consumers could also generate the cash they need to but the latest phones.
Money saving information brought to you by envirofone, the easy way to make some extra cash
Latest articles
Mobile recycling could be an option for recipients of unwanted gifts30 December 2010 — 12:02 PM
People can get money for a phone they do not intend to use.
Selling mobile can create chance to buy HTC Desire HD29 December 2010 — 3:54 PM
People who enjoy a large screen may find all they want in the HTC Desire HD.


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Volcanoes are found in association with midocean ridge systems (see seafloor spreading) and along convergent plate boundaries, such as around the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire" (see plate tectonics), the ring of plate boundaries associated with volcanic island arcs and ocean trenches surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Continental volcanoes are also associated with converging plate boundaries, such as the volcanoes of the Cascade Range along the W coast of the United States. Isolated volcanoes also form in the midocean area of the Pacific apparently unrelated to crustal plate boundaries. These sea mounts and volcanic island chains, such as the Hawaiian chain, may form from rising magma regions called hot spots.
Shapes of volcanoes include composite cones, or stratovolcanoes, with steep concave sides such as Mt. St. Helens in the W United States; shield cones have gentle slopes and can be relatively large such as the Hawaiian Islands; and cinder cones as Parícutin in Mexico, with steep slopes made of cinderlike materials. Explosive eruptions build up steep-sided cones, while the nonexplosive ones usually form broad, low lava cones. Cones range in height from a few feet to nearly 30,000 ft (9 km) above their base. Usually the cone has as its apex a cavity, or crater, which contains the mouth of the vent. Such craters are typically less than 1 mi (1.6 km) across, but larger craters, called calderas, ranging in diameter from 3 mi to—in a few instances—50 mi (5-80 km), are formed by particularly large eruptions (see crater).
More than 500 volcanoes are known to have erupted on the earth's surface since historic times, and many more have erupted on the ocean floor unobserved by humans. Fifty volcanoes have erupted in the United States, which ranks third, behind Indonesia and Japan, in the number of historically active volcanoes. Of the world's active volcanoes, more than half are found around the perimeter of the Pacific, about a third on midoceanic islands and in an arc along the south of the Indonesian islands, and about a tenth in the Mediterranean area, Africa, and Asia Minor.
Evidence of extraterrestrial volcanic activity also has been found. Space probes have detected the remnants of ancient eruptions on earth's moon, Mars (which has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, 340 mi/550 km across and 15 mi/24 km high), and Mercury; these probably originated billions of years ago, since these bodies are no longer capable of volcanic activity. Triton (a satellite of Neptune), Io (a satellite of Jupiter), and Venus are known to be volcanically active. The volcanic processes that occur in the outer portion of the solar system are very different from those in the inner part. Eruptions on earth, Venus, Mercury, and Mars are of rocky material and are driven by internal heat. Io's eruptions are probably sulfur or sulfur compounds driven by tidal interactions with Jupiter. Triton's eruptions are of very volatile compounds, such as methane or nitrogen, driven by seasonal heating from the sun.
Terrestrial volcanic eruptions may take one or more of four chief forms, or phases, known as Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Peleean. In the Hawaiian phase there is a relatively quiet effusion of basaltic lava unaccompanied by explosions or the ejection of fragments; the eruptions of Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii are typical. The Strombolian phase derives its name from the volcano Stromboli in the Lipari, or Aeolian, Islands, N of Sicily. It applies to continuous but mild discharges in which viscous lava is emitted in recurring explosions; the ejection of incandescent material produces luminous clouds. A more explosive volcanic eruption is the Vulcanian, where the magma (lava before emission) accumulates in the upper level of the vent but is blocked by a hardened plug of lava that forms between consecutive explosions. When the explosive gases have reached a critical pressure within the volcano, masses of solid and liquid rock erupt into the air and clouds of vapor form over the crater. The Peleean, derived from Mt. Pelée, is the most violent, emitting fine ash; hot, gas-charged fragments of lava; and superheated steam in an incandescent "cloud" that travels downhill at great speed. Eruptions are often accompanied by torrential rains caused by the condensation of steam. The erupted fragments vary in size, including minute particles of volcanic dust and ash, lapilli (cinders or pellets), bombs (rounded or ellipsoidal masses of hardened magma), and huge masses called blocks.
Notable eruptions within historic times have been those of Vesuvius, in Italy (A.D. 79, 1906, and other times); Tambora, in Indonesia, where between 30 and 50 cu mi (125-210 cu km) of molten and shattered rock were blown into the air (1815); Krakatoa, near Java, material from which was sent 17 mi (27 km) into the atmosphere (1883); Parícutin, in Mexico, the volcano that began in a cornfield (1943); Hibok Hibok, on Camiguin island in the Philippines, which killed 84 people (1948); Besymianny, in Kamchatka, where 2 cu mi (8 cu km) of material were hurled into the air (1956); the peak of Tristan da Cunha, whose eruption caused the entire settlement to be evacuated (1961); Agung, in Bali, which killed 1,100 people (1963); Mt. St. Helens in Washington, which exploded with an energy equivalent to 10 million tons of TNT, killing 35, with 25 missing (1980); El Chichon in Mexico, which expelled about 500 million tons of ash and gas (1982); and Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, which killed over 500 people and ejected over 2 cu mi (8 cu km) of material (1991). Other notable volcanoes are Cotopaxi and Chimborazo (Ecuador), Iztaccihuatl and Popocatépetl (Mexico), Lassen Peak and Katmai (United States), and Etna (Sicily). Mauna Loa (Hawaii) is the world's largest active volcano, projecting 13,677 ft (4,170 m) above sea level and over 29,000 ft (8,850 m) above the ocean floor; from its base below sea level to its summit, Mauna Loa is taller than Mt. Everest. In 1963 the birth of the volcanic island Surtsey near Iceland was observed. In November of that year events began with a submarine eruption along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Eruption followed eruption until June, 1967, by which time the island stood 492 ft (150 m) above sea level and covered an area of almost 2 sq mi (3 sq km). The island has not grown since the last eruption, and it is presently volcanically quiet.
See S. Van Rose and I. Mercer, Volcanoes (2d ed., 1991); F. Martin, Volcano (1996); H. Sigurdsson, Melting the Earth: The History of Ideas on Volcanic Eruptions (1999); H. Sigurdsson et al., ed., Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (1999).
|Cross-section through a stratovolcano:
| 1. Large magma chamber
2. Bedrock
3. Conduit (pipe)
4. Base
5. Sill
6. Branch pipe
7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano
8. Flank
| 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano
10. Throat
11. Parasitic cone
12. Lava flow
13. Vent
14. Crater
15. Ash cloud
Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by "divergent tectonic plates" pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by "convergent tectonic plates" coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust (called "non-hotspot intraplate volcanism"), such as in the African Rift Valley, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America and the European Rhine Graben with its Eifel volcanoes.
Volcanoes can be caused by "mantle plumes". These so-called "hotspots" , for example at Hawaii, can occur far from plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system, especially on rocky planets and moons.
Other types of volcano include cryovolcanoes (or ice volcanoes), particularly on some moons of Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune; and mud volcanoes, which are formations often not associated with known magmatic activity. Active mud volcanoes tend to involve temperatures much lower than those of igneous volcanoes, except when a mud volcano is actually a vent of an igneous volcano.
Volcanic cones or cinder cones result from eruptions that erupt mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics (both resemble cinders, hence the name of this volcano type) that build up around the vent. These can be relatively short-lived eruptions that produce a cone-shaped hill perhaps 30 to 400 meters high. Most cinder cones erupt only once. Cinder cones may form as flank vents on larger volcanoes, or occur on their own. Parícutin in Mexico and Sunset Crater in Arizona are examples of cinder cones. In New Mexico, Caja del Rio is a volcanic field of over 60 cinder cones.
Another way of classifying volcanoes is by the composition of material erupted (lava), since this affects the shape of the volcano. Lava can be broadly classified into 4 different compositions (Cas & Wright, 1987):
A popular way of classifying magmatic volcanoes is by their frequency of eruption, with those that erupt regularly called active, those that have erupted in historical times but are now quiet called dormant, and those that have not erupted in historical times called extinct. However, these popular classifications—extinct in particular—are practically meaningless to scientists. They use classifications which refer to a particular volcano's formative and eruptive processes and resulting shapes, which was explained above.
There is no real consensus among volcanologists on how to define an "active" volcano. The lifespan of a volcano can vary from months to several million years, making such a distinction sometimes meaningless when compared to the lifespans of humans or even civilizations. For example, many of Earth's volcanoes have erupted dozens of times in the past few thousand years but are not currently showing signs of eruption. Given the long lifespan of such volcanoes, they are very active. By human lifespans, however, they are not.
Scientists usually consider a volcano to be active if it is currently erupting or showing signs of unrest, such as unusual earthquake activity or significant new gas emissions. Many scientists also consider a volcano active if it has erupted in historic time. It is important to note that the span of recorded history differs from region to region; in the Mediterranean, recorded history reaches back more than 3,000 years but in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, it reaches back less than 300 years, and in Hawaii, little more than 200 years. The Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program's definition of 'active' is having erupted within the last 10,000 years.
Extinct volcanoes are those that scientists consider unlikely to erupt again, because the volcano no longer has a lava supply anymore. Examples of extinct volcanoes are many volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. (extinct because the Hawaii hotspot is centered near the Big Island), and Paricutin, which is monogenetic. Otherwise, whether a volcano is truly extinct is often difficult to determine. Since "supervolcano" calderas can have eruptive lifespans sometimes measured in millions of years, a caldera that has not produced an eruption in tens of thousands of years is likely to be considered dormant instead of extinct. For example, the Yellowstone Caldera in Yellowstone National Park is at least 2 million years old and hasn't erupted violently for approximately 640,000 years, although there has been some minor activity relatively recently, with hydrothermal eruptions less than 10,000 years ago and lava flows about 70,000 years ago. For this reason, scientists do not consider the Yellowstone Caldera extinct. In fact, because the caldera has frequent earthquakes, a very active geothermal system (i.e. the entirety of the geothermal activity found in Yellowstone National Park), and rapid rates of ground uplift, many scientists consider it to be an active volcano.
An extinct volcano is a volcano which is not currently erupting and which is not considered likely to erupt in the future.
It is difficult to distinguish an extinct volcano from a dormant one because volcanoes are usually considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity. Nevertheless volcanoes may remain dormant for a long period of time and it is not uncommon for a so-called "extinct" volcano to erupt again. Vesuvius was thought to be extinct before its famous eruption of AD 79, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. More recently, the long-dormant Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat was thought to be extinct before activity resumed in 1995. The most recent example is Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska, which prior to September 2006 is not believed to have erupted since earlier than 7994 BC.
The Auvergne region of France has 50 extinct volcanoes, which have not erupted for more than 6,000 years and have been eroded away, leaving plugs of unerupted hardened magma, which look like rounded hilltops.
The 16 current Decade Volcanoes are:
There are many different kinds of volcanic activity and eruptions: phreatic eruptions (steam-generated eruptions), explosive eruption of high-silica lava (e.g., rhyolite), effusive eruption of low-silica lava (e.g., basalt), pyroclastic flows, lahars (debris flow) and carbon dioxide emission. All of these activities can pose a hazard to humans. Earthquakes, hot springs, fumaroles, mud pots and geysers often accompany volcanic activity.
The concentrations of different volcanic gases can vary considerably from one volcano to the next. Water vapor is typically the most abundant volcanic gas, followed by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Other principal volcanic gases include hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. A large number of minor and trace gases are also found in volcanic emissions, for example hydrogen, carbon monoxide, halocarbons, organic compounds, and volatile metal chlorides.
Large, explosive volcanic eruptions inject water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and ash (pulverized rock and pumice) into the stratosphere to heights of 16–32 kilometres (10–20 mi) above the Earth's surface. The most significant impacts from these injections come from the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which condenses rapidly in the stratosphere to form fine sulfate aerosols. The aerosols increase the Earth's albedo—its reflection of radiation from the Sun back into space - and thus cool the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere; however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the stratosphere. Several eruptions during the past century have caused a decline in the average temperature at the Earth's surface of up to half a degree (Fahrenheit scale) for periods of one to three years — sulfur dioxide from the eruption of Huaynaputina probably caused the Russian famine of 1601 - 1603. The sulfate aerosols also promote complex chemical reactions on their surfaces that alter chlorine and nitrogen chemical species in the stratosphere. This effect, together with increased stratospheric chlorine levels from chlorofluorocarbon pollution, generates chlorine monoxide (ClO), which destroys ozone (O3). As the aerosols grow and coagulate, they settle down into the upper troposphere where they serve as nuclei for cirrus clouds and further modify the Earth's radiation balance. Most of the hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are dissolved in water droplets in the eruption cloud and quickly fall to the ground as acid rain. The injected ash also falls rapidly from the stratosphere; most of it is removed within several days to a few weeks. Finally, explosive volcanic eruptions release the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and thus provide a deep source of carbon for biogeochemical cycles. Gas emissions from volcanoes are a natural contributor to acid rain. Volcanic activity releases about 130 to 230 teragrams (145 million to 255 million short tons) of carbon dioxide each year. Volcanic eruptions may inject aerosols into the Earth's atmosphere. Large injections may cause visual effects such as unusually colorful sunsets and affect global climate mainly by cooling it. Volcanic eruptions also provide the benefit of adding nutrients to soil through the weathering process of volcanic rocks. These fertile soils assist the growth of plants and various crops. Volcanic eruptions can also create new islands, as the magma cools and solidifies upon contact with the water.
The Earth's Moon has no large volcanoes and no current volcanic activity, although recent evidence suggests it may still possess a partially molten core. However, the Moon does have many volcanic features such as maria (the darker patches seen on the moon), rilles and domes.
The planet Venus has a surface that is 90% basalt, indicating that volcanism played a major role in shaping its surface. The planet may have had a major global resurfacing event about 500 million years ago, from what scientists can tell from the density of impact craters on the surface. Lava flows are widespread and forms of volcanism not present on Earth occur as well. Changes in the planet's atmosphere and observations of lightning, have been attributed to ongoing volcanic eruptions, although there is no confirmation of whether or not Venus is still volcanically active. However, radar sounding by the Magellan probe revealed evidence for comparatively recent volcanic activity at Venus's highest volcano Maat Mons, in the form of ash flows near the summit and on the northern flank.
There are several extinct volcanoes on Mars, four of which are vast shield volcanoes far bigger than any on Earth. They include Arsia Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Hecates Tholus, Olympus Mons, and Pavonis Mons. These volcanoes have been extinct for many millions of years, but the European Mars Express spacecraft has found evidence that volcanic activity may have occurred on Mars in the recent past as well.
Jupiter's moon Io is the most volcanically active object in the solar system because of tidal interaction with Jupiter. It is covered with volcanoes that erupt sulfur, sulfur dioxide and silicate rock, and as a result, Io is constantly being resurfaced. Its lavas are the hottest known anywhere in the solar system, with temperatures exceeding 1,800 K (1,500 °C). In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io. Europa, the smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons, also appears to have an active volcanic system, except that its volcanic activity is entirely in the form of water, which freezes into ice on the frigid surface. This process is known as cryovolcanism, and is apparently most common on the moons of the outer planets of the solar system.
In 1989 the Voyager 2 spacecraft observed cryovolcanoes (ice volcanoes) on Triton, a moon of Neptune, and in 2005 the Cassini-Huygens probe photographed fountains of frozen particles erupting from Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. The ejecta may be composed of water, liquid nitrogen, dust, or methane compounds. Cassini-Huygens also found evidence of a methane-spewing cryovolcano on the Saturnian moon Titan, which is believed to be a significant source of the methane found in its atmosphere. It is theorized that cryovolcanism may also be present on the Kuiper Belt Object Quaoar.
The Roman name for the island Vulcano has contributed the word for volcano in most modern European languages.
Many ancient accounts ascribe volcanic eruptions to supernatural causes, such as the actions of gods or demigods. To the ancient Greeks, volcanoes' capricious power could only be explained as acts of the gods, while 16th/17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler believed they were ducts for the Earth's tears. One early idea counter to this was proposed by Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680), who witnessed eruptions of Mount Etna and Stromboli, then visited the crater of Vesuvius and published his view of an Earth with a central fire connected to numerous others caused by the burning of sulfur, bitumen and coal.
Various explanations were proposed for volcano behavior before the modern understanding of the Earth's mantle structure as a semisolid material was developed. For decades after awareness that compression and radioactive materials may be heat sources, their contributions were specifically discounted. Volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
Specific locations
Volacanoes are one thing that are very hot. Goopy is really cool. Will is really cool. Hayden is really cool. And I would like to thank my family for making me do this. Thank you.


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They say the eyes are the windows to the soul and that penguins prefer gelato to sorbet. Make sure your windows are crystal clear with a full optometric consult at OptimEyeZ for R299.
OptimEyeZ has fully trained optometrists who will sit you down and give your peepers a thorough check-up. Your eyes are one of your most important senses and, like your granny's prized Geraniums or freaky garden gnome collection, they should be looked after. At OptimEyeZ you will experience a full optometric consult. This consists of a comprehensive eye exam, a contact lens evaluation plus fitting and instruction, three-month supply of any colour contact lens of brown, blue, hazel, aqua, violet, grey, green or honey as well as a bottle of solution and a contact lense storage case.
Whether you need to improve your vision or you just want a new look, this Groupon includes prescription and non-prescription lenses. Your comprehensive eye exam at OptimEyeZ will begin with standard eye tests to make sure your eyes are healthy and to determine whether your vision needs correcting. If you find it difficult to read from a far or often mistake your cat for your faux-fur handbag, this eye exam will help find the perfect strength of contact lense to correct it. If your vision is clear but you would like to add some oomph to your look, the wide range of colour contact lenses at OptimEyeZ is perfect. For some, applying a contact lense is a skill only reserved for super stealthy ninja's, luckily the friendly optometrist at OptimEyeZ will explain and demonstrate how to clean and fit your contact lenses.
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Eye fact: An optometrist in San Diego was the brainchild behind the kid's game "I spy". The man made the game up to distract his five year old son who would start chewing on the car seatbelts out of boredom on long journeys. This fun guessing game of spotting objects or places was successful in keeping the boy entertained and keeping the optometrist's seatbelts intact.


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I used seveneighter as posted in this thread (sorry didn't see this until today)
How did you update your Focus Baji? I'm feeling impatient for some reason and debating just loading the 'clean' ROM or is the Zune trick still the easier method? (Curious how/if I need to backup the OEM ROM for when ATT gets off their butts)
Kept all of my data through the 4-5 updates I needed. I didn't back up.
Thanks for the tip. Keeping data would be a bonus but its nothing critical (though it does still highlight the lack of a 'full' backup mechanism - there is invariably some MMS I've forgotten to save locally.
Doing that will prevent further updates. Although at this point, 7.8 is the last update you will get but if you do that for any pre7.8 update - you won't be able to update to next level.
Don't you just pick the language you have your phone set to? UK
I flashed my phone a different way before this was released so haven't used it yet


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Well, I made my hair pink and purple on Saturday, and I know from experience that the semi-permanent dye washes out quite fast, although I managed about a month last time without it looking odd. Any tips apart from washing hair less frequently that'll help the bright dye stay in longer?
P.S. I used the brand Directions, in the colours violet and flamingo pink
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How to make bright hair dye stay in longer?Started · Last post · Displaying Post 1 - 30 of 31 in total
Well, I made my hair pink and purple on Saturday, and I know from experience that the semi-permanent dye washes out quite fast, although I managed about a month last time without it looking odd. Any tips apart from washing hair less frequently that'll help the bright dye stay in longer?
Short of washing your hair in cold water and keeping it well conditioned? Sometimes I find if I deep condition my hair and then rinse it out I don't need to wash it regardless of the fact that I hadn't washed it in over 24 hours. I really think we are way too shampoo-dependant anymore. Did you do washing your hair above once a month used to be excessive? Imagine having hair so healthy that you didn't need to wash it more than once a month! That would be awesome! I'm totally going to raise my future children so that they aren't shampoo dependent.
I've read that putting a small bit of the hair dye in your conditioner works but I tried it and all it really did was ruin my conditioner and made my hair fall out way more than usual.
I agree with PinkWeeds. Cold water. It might feel like your head is burning, but it will help. I just dyed mine red and I've only washed it twice in a week both times with cold water. And I've also heard about putting it in your conditioner, but I don't know if it works because I've never tried and after reading what happened to PinkWeeds, I don't know if I will. Also, have you ever tried dry shampoo? That will help. Or I've read that baby powder is supposed to suck up oils out of your hair too.
If you use a blow dryer on medium or high heat right after you've put your hair dye in, it will help maintain the intensity of the colors. Also, combing the dye through your hair until it gets foamy and frothy does the same thing. Froth it up, then mix the froth into your hair and blow dry it and it should last longer.
My unnatural colors lasted just fine when I used shampoo, but I used Naturelle Hemp shampoo and conditioner which can get pretty pricey. Using cheaper hair products, I would only use shampoo once every 2-3 days and use only conditioner for the rest of the washes.
If you avoid putting hair spray or any other styling product in your hair, you'll prevent a lot of fading.
I'm gonna try washing it with cold water and not shampooing every time. Unfortunately because my fringe is a different colour than the rest of my hair I can't put the dye in my conditioner, otherwise I would. When I redye my hair next month I'll blowdry it when I put the dye in and see if that works too. Thanks for the advice
use colour-treated shampoo and conditioner. it helps seal the hair cuticle to keep the colour lasting longer. use cold water and dont wash everyday. also this site has lots of really awesome info http://haircrazy.info/
i use it all the time.
Cold water didn't work for me when I had purple hair!! I haven't ever tried the other methods but my hair colour has pretty much grown out now. Some hair seems to be more resilient to hold colour than others, I think my hair HATES bright coloured hair dye... mine always fades soooo quickly!!!!
also, do NOT use any hair products that contain alcohol or any other variant of it. it will strip the colour REALLY fast. so don't use hairspray's or hair gels unless it doesn't have alcohol or has a very low amount. and don't use them often. you're hair will fade really REALLY fast if you use them.
but on the plus side, if you get any hair dye on your skin when doing your hair, some hairspray on a cotton ball gets it off really well!
I've used Directions hair dye quite a lot in my time. I find that leaving the dye in until it is pretty much dry is the best way to get the most intense colour that will last longer.
While talking to a friend of mine recently about getting bright hair dye to last longer, she mentioned that mixing some baking soda into the hair dye before applying it would help with colour intensity and longevity. She also leaves her hair dye in until it is dry before rinsing it out. I haven't actually tried this yet though. When I do, I will let you know.
Hello Darling,
First leave in the dye for about an hour after you apply it to your hair and when you rinse it out of your hair use cold water. In a old conditioner bottle, mix your original conditioner and a bit of your hair dye and replace with your original conditioner. It will be a refresher for your hair. I reccomend deep conditioning your hair every end of the week or once a month at least so your hair will regain its natural moisture. Shampoo your hair once every three days to keep color the longest you possibly can.
Any more questions or tips, just leave a comment at my page!
Darling Avea
First bleach the desired amount of hair to a pale blonde. Once that is done make sure the area is 100% dry. Apply the color with a color brush and foil. Let it sit for 45 mins out of heat or 25 with heat. Once it is done processing run a flat iron over the foils a few times then let them cool. Rinse with cold water and sulfate free shampoo. Dont shampoo your hair the next day. Use hair powder if you need to. When you shampoo your hair again always use cool water and sulfate free shampoo.
My hair is pink / purple / black, and this is how I'm keeping mine awesome
I bleached my hair out almost platinum blonde, then used N'Rage demi-permanent hair colour (you can get it here: http://www.sallybeauty.com/n-rage/SBS-240686,es,pd.html) in Bubblegum Pink and Plum Purple.
The purple is aces good; it's not faded at ALL and I've had it in for over a month. It does tend to tint the pink, and I will say the pink kind of sucks, but I refreshed it with Kool-Aid, believe it or not.
(I used 2 packets Strawberry Lemonade and half a packet of Cherry unsweetened Kool Aid to make my refresher )
N'Rage is a damn good brand as far as bright and long lasting colours go. And you don't have to give up washing your hair (too much - I'd say 1 - 2x/wk with regular shampoo or daily with dry shampoo. LUSH makes an awesome dry shampoo that smells like citrus)
Best way I have found to keep The brand Special Effects dye in is to wash hair every other day in cold water with color protection shampoo and conditioner. Washing your hair in white vinegar sounds strange, smells gross, but it locks in the color as well. Also adding some of your dye to your conditioner help redye it after every shower, makes colors last longer too.
i youst to use directions and or stargazer at the moment im using willed light real red , you can leave it in till your bored of it being on you head i would also recommend piling all your hair on your head and then wrapping your hair in clean film the heat will help the color develop stronger
baby shampoo is the best ting i can suggest using on your hair its so milled it doesn't damage your hair and leaves it soft use conditioner after to keep the color in but
I left hair dye in all night long, literally slept in it, and... Well it lasted two years. I think the brand was called splat. I finally just cut the the rest of it off the other week. I think it was the brand I used more than leaving it in for so long. You just do not want to leave bleach in your hair for long. But it helps. Here's the page I got that tip from: http://www.gothfashion.info/hairdye.php
This is my first time to buy clip in hair extensions from CC HAIR EXTENSIONS,I doublt it as i Never heard of the brand,when I receive it I feel the hair smooth and very good quality. I write the review after wearing my clip in hair extensions for one month,there is no shedding at all during the first month so I think the quality is good.if you are interested in the hair extensions you can see the details at http://www.cchairextensions.com/
i could never bring myself to give up my hot showers, but i never leave my shampoo in for more then a sec. it hardly needs it,ya know.? leave your conditioner in for AS LONG as possible. (that's the trick in my eyes) also, blowdrying when your dying works WONDERS, and if you're a go-hard like me, SLEEP WITH THE SHIT IN. it makes your hair soooo healthy, and the color lasts foreverrrr. just put a bag on your head.! (but don't put the side with writing on your head haha) then when you wake up it's dry, (if you're not using a natural product, don't do this. but if it's manic panic, color jam, raw, nrage color or anything like that. DO IT) and you can straighten it (on a very low heat) and it will literally last longer then any other time you have dyed your hair. trust me. x)
If your Hair aren't quite the right color and you'd like to color them at home, Before you begin you'll want to make sure that your hair extensions are human hair. Artificial hair can not be successfully colored. check the tutorial step by step by the following link, thank you.
and http://www.wendyhair.com/
directions is fine to leave in for a long time, i normally put it it pop on a shower car (or cling film) to keep my head warm and sit watching a film or crafting for the day longest i think i've kept it in was about 6hours although only do this with dyes that contain no beach, peroxide ect, also to make it go a bit further i mix the dye with some conditioner its makes a pot go a bit further and leaves my hair silky soft ^^
You should NEVER put dye with developer in your conditioner, but there are plenty of protein fillers on the market that not only condition but will also deposit color.
I've had great success with over/double-processing dyes without bleaches and peroxides (a process described partially by KirstyL.) , cold water washing only, and making a hair mask with small amounts of your color and any heavy conditioner.
I dyed my hair with special effects atomic pink. I was able to keep it for 6 months plus. I just would not fade. I mixed it with 40vol lift and put it on and lift it in for almost 12hrs. It was bone dry. I rinsed it with cold water. Then washed it only once every week. I eventually tried to bleach it out. It would not come out... It was ridiculous. I dyed over it with dark brown and you could still see it. It eventually grew out. And mostly got cut out. This photo is untouched.


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What Is Unobtrusive JavaScript?
To understand what unobtrusive JavaScript is it's easiest to start with knowing what JavaScript is or does.
Web pages are a static affair. They resemble Word documents but then on the web, displayed in your browser. You don't expect your Word document to have snowflakes falling across it nor would you open Microsoft Word to start playing a game. A document is a document is a document.
That, in short, is what a web page is: static text on a page.
JavaScript is a computer programming language: a set of instructions that can help tell a computer what to do, how to do it and when to do it.
With it you can make animations, games, cool effects, tools... You can turn a web page into a functional calculator or a game.
In other words, JavaScript can turn your static web page into a dynamic affair.
What does that mean?
Well, it could mean that the nice dropdown menu when clicked on ... does nothing. Nothing at all.
It could mean that the contact form on your business site cannot be filled out.
It could mean that all kinds of crazy effects and functions your web designer has relied on to get your marketing message across and your product sold ... are never seen by a whole bunch of people.
So what's a girl to do? Go with the cool JavaScript but alienate some users ... or forget all about it?
Fortunately, these days that is a false dilemma.
The idea of unobtrusive JavaScript is to turn old school design on its head: instead of making 100% JavaScript-powered, dynamic web pages ... make 100% regular, static web pages and then, almost as an afterthought, add an "also" layer of JavaScript.
If you've ever have wanted to use a vending machine that accepter dollar coins but only had 4 quarters you know how unnecessary and illogic some design choices are.
Why make an obstructive, profit-reducing choice? Make the machine so that it accepts a dollar in dollar coins, quarters, cents, dimes, bills -- whatever.
Same goes for web pages: why make a page which forces an obstructive, profit-reducing choice upon its visitors when -- just as simply -- you can have it all?
This is an example of a normal static clickable link on a web page:
The part you and I would see on the web page is:
Now the link has been turned from static to dynamic. The dynamic (" do something") part is that it would open the link in a new browser window:
Someone without JavaScript will click on it and nothing will happen. Nothing. At. All. Not even a warning
Here there is a normal static part of the link and a dynamic, JavaScript part.
Because we can see the JavaScript in the same part where the rest of the things happen we call it obtrusive: it sticks out.
If right now you have obtrusive JavaScript you can calculate the ROI of investing in unobtrusive JavaScript to see if it makes sense to go after it right now.
Not necessarily.
On a purely technical level search engines are much better then they used to be at reading and following links that are stuffed away in JavaScript. Still, given that we don't have to choose one or the other we prefer a "better safe than sorry" policy if the ROI for modifying JavaScript is there.
On an indirect level, potentially ticking people off and have them talk about a negative, limited experience they had on your site is not something we like to see. Like Google, we don't believe that any publicity is good publicity.
From a user perspective we have to be honest: as long as the use of JavaScript on your site isn't obstructive, it's "good enough". But good enough can be better " and squeezing every ounce of traffic you have on a site for what it's worth is best.
Of course, if youre starting from scratch, using an outdated way of implementing JavaScript is just not needed: your money should buy you the best.
When looking at an existing site you can ask the person responsible for your site (your webmaster or web design company) or test for yourself (see below)
Good web developers/designers will know what this means. If they don't seem to be sure or you're not sure you're getting your message across you can send them a link to Operation Cleanout in process or have them read this article.
Then visit and browse through your web site, taking notes of what works and doesn't work. Try executing common tasks: if yours is a shopping site, try the buying process; if you invite prospects to contact you, try submitting your contact form.
My paid passion at Search Engine People sees me applying my passions and knowledge to a wide array of problems, ones I usually experience as challenges. People who know me know I love coffee.
5 Responses to "What Is Unobtrusive JavaScript?"
How is the graphic example unobtrusive JavaScript when the
links don't work with JavaScript turned off? Isn't that the mark of
obtrusive JavaScript? .-= Cathy Reisenwitz recently posted: Blogger
outreach link building update- Part 2- the reactions
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Although he was originally designed as a one-dimensional recurring villain who might occasionally enter the Simpsons' lives and wreak some sort of havoc, Burns' popularity has led to his repeated inclusion on the show. He embodies a number of characteristics about Corporate America, as he has an unquenchable desire to increase his own wealth and power. Mr. Burns also embodies the stereotype of a manager: he forgets his employees' names (especially Homer, despite the fact that they seem to interact on a daily basis) and is unconcerned for their safety and well-being. His age provides the writers a character with which to express dated humor and references to popular culture before the 1950s. His aspirations to apply obsolete technology to everyday life or references to Victorian era people or places provide a common source of humor on the show. Kent Brockman also credits Mr. Burns with having stolen Christmas from 1981 to 1985. Recently, he has become less evil and more eccentric.
His trademark expression is the word "Excellent," muttered slowly in a low, sinister voice while tenting his fingertips. He also frequently orders Smithers to "release the hounds," resulting in his vicious guard dogs attacking any intruders or enemies. Another common catchphrase stems from Burns' inability to remember Homer Simpson's name. Upon seeing Homer, Mr. Burns will typically turn to Smithers and ask who that person (Homer) is, and after being informed he will reply "Simpson, eh?".
The Burns family has deep roots in the United States. Mr. Burns' adoptive great-grandfather Franklin Jefferson Burns participated in the Boston Tea Party. Mr. Burns had a strained relationship with his own mother, who had an affair with President Taft and lives in her 120s.
At a young age he left his family to live with a twisted and heartless billionaire (who was actually his grandfather), who owned an "atom mill" in Springfield, where laborers split atoms by hitting anvils with sledgehammers. Burns lived a life of privilege and would amuse himself by injuring hapless immigrant laborers. Mr. Burns later attended Yale University, where he studied science and business, played on the varsity football team, and was inducted into the Skull and Bones secret society. Burns graduated from Yale in 1914.
In 1939, at Burns' 25-year college reunion, he became romantically involved with the daughter of an old flame. She would later bear his child, Larry, who was given up for adoption and would later enter Mr. Burns' life briefly.
Burns served in the United States Army during World War II. A member of Springfield's Flying Hellfish squad battalion, he saw action in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge, serving under Sergeant Abraham Simpson. During the closing years of the war, when his platoon was clearing out a German-occupied castle, Mr. Burns came across several valuable portraits. Since they couldn't decide to whom said portraits should go, the members of the platoon decided to enter into a tontine, which Mr. Burns was removed from after being dishonorably discharged. He possibly also served in the South Pacific with Abraham Simpson.
At the end of World War II he was personally hired by President Harry S. Truman to transport a specially-printed trillion-dollar bill to Europe as the United States' contribution to the reconstruction of Europe. As the United States' richest citizen, Burns was thought to be the most trustworthy, even though almost everyone hates him for one reason or another. Burns absconded with the bill and kept it in his possession for many years until it was lost to Fidel Castro in the episode The Trouble with Trillions.
Mr. Burns's age has fluctuated during the course of the show, being explicitly stated or revealed he was just over the age of 81 in "Simpson and Delilah", over 100 in "The Mansion Family", 104 in "Who Shot Mr. Burns? Part I", "Homer the Smithers" and "A Hunka Hunka Burns in Love", in one episode after telling Smithers his pin code was his age he clearly types in four digits. He is occasionally referred to as "Springfield's oldest resident". In the episode "Burns, Baby Burns" he recalls his 25th reunion at Yale, setting his graduation in 1914.
At the nuclear plant, Burns spends most of time in his office, monitoring his workers via closed circuit cameras. In his office he keeps a team of ten high-priced lawyers, a scale model of Springfield, a special microbe-resistant chamber, a two-seat escape pod, and the "League of Evil" - a sinister cabal whose members are long deceased but whose skeletons remain. The boobytraps in Burns' office include cricket poison, a secret trapdoor, a catapult that fires 1000 gram weights (2.2 pounds), and a ceiling-mounted suction tube which he can use to transport dissident workers to Morocco (which Dr. Hibbert also seems to have access to). He is also a loan officer at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant Employee's Credit Union.
Burns has also owned or co-owned a number of business ventures in Springfield, including the Monty Burns Casino, "Li'l Lisa" recycling, an ocean slurry manufacturing plant, Burns Slant Drilling Co., Burns Media, the electric company, the water works, and a hotel on Baltic Avenue.
Burns has used his power and wealth to blackmail and bribe various members of Springfield, including Mayor Quimby, as well as safety inspectors. He once attempted to block out the sun to force Springfield residents to increase their use of electricity produced by the Nuclear Plant and was subsequently shot by Maggie; Homer Simpson has claimed to have been the one who shot Burns and framed Maggie for the crime in "Revenge is a Dish Best Served Three Times." The town routinely is subject to Burns' abuse and there is a general dislike of him throughout the town.
Burns resides in a vast, ornate mansion on an immense estate called Burns Manor, located at 1000 Mammon Street, on the corner of Croesus and Mammon streets in the 'Springfield Heights' district. It is protected by a high wall, an electrified fence, and a pack of vicious attack dogs known as "The Hounds," one of whom is named "Winston." In addition he has at least one 30+ -year-old-dog named "Crippler." Crippler is known for bagging hippies -- something they don't find too groovy at all. At times he has employed for protection a force of Wizard of Oz-style guards, a personal paramilitary force, a riot police squad, and a robotic Richard Simmons.
The inside of the mansion includes a room containing a thousand monkeys at a thousand typewriters, a bottomless pit, a human chess board, the largest television in the free world, a 'Hall of Patriots' commemorating his ancestors, a laboratory, a botanical garden of vultures bearing his likeness, a safe containing a Beefeater guard, a model train that takes 3 hours and 47 minutes to complete its circuit and comes back with snow on it, and a theater showing round-the-clock plays regardless of whether there is an audience.
The mansion is also home to many rare historical artifacts including the only existing nude photo of Mark Twain, the suit Charlie Chaplin was buried in, King Arthur's mythical sword Excalibur, and a rare first draft of the Constitution with the word "suckers" in it.
Burns has been engaged at least three times: a woman named Gertrude who died of loneliness and rabies, to Jacqueline Bouvier, and to a policewoman named Gloria. He once had an affair with Countess von Zeppelin.
Mr. Burns is a member of various organizations. In his younger years, while a student at Yale University, he was a member of Skull and Bones. During World War II, Burns became a member of the Flying Hellfish squad, a group of soldiers who entered into a tontine regarding the ownership of German artwork. Burns was member twenty-nine of the Stonecutters until it disbanded, at which time he joined the secret society that succeeded it: the Ancient Mystic Order of No-Homers. (One source of dislike of Burns for the "Stonecutters' is that despite his wealth and greed, he is outranked by Lenny). He is currently the head of the Springfield Republican Party and the Burns Religion. He is also a member of the "Excluders Club", the Springfield Golf and Country Club, and the National Rifle Association. He holds a chair (a demonic throne with snarling dogs chained to it) at Springfield University and controls an anti-democratic paramilitary force in Latin America. In a spoof of Citizen Kane, he once tried to run for Governor - until Marge Simpson forever ruined his chances with a three-eyed fish. At the end he echoes Kane by crying out his name in rage--and vows for the rest of his life to make Homer Simpson's life miserable.
Mr. Burns uses archaic phrases and old time expressions that have either changed meanings or fallen out of common usage in American English, including score (meaning 20), twain (two), post-haste (quickly), petroleum distillate (gasoline), gay (jolly), dean (principal), velocitator and deceleratrix (a car's accelerator and brake), aeromail (post by air or airmail), lollygagger (slacker), fourth form (fourth grade), jumping box and picto-cube (television), Autogyro (helicopter), DictaBelt (dictation machine), the New York Nine (New York Yankees), horseless sleigh (snowmobile, although it could just mean that he was trying to be a mysterious character), crackleberries (peanuts), talkie (movies with sound), thrice (three times), Bolshevism (a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) and mater (mother). He also answers the telephone in the same way that the man widely credited for the invention of the Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, is purported to have answered it ("Ahoy, Hoy?"). In one episode he also rings Smithers and says "Smithers, come here, I want you.", a take on what are reputedly the first words spoken by Alexander Graham Bell on his telephone ("Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you").
He also displays mannerisms which are considered outdated, such as practicing phrenology, writing with a quill pen, driving a Stutz Bearcat while wearing an Edwardian motorist's outfit which includes hat, driving gloves, and goggles, carrying a mace for self defense (though the weapon actually shown was a flail), driving without regard to traffic laws in the manner of early 20th century motorists, and using an antique view camera to take photographs.
In Homer at the Bat, to secure victory in the game, Mr. Burns decides to hire major league stars and assembles a team that includes Honus Wagner, Cap Anson, Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown, and a right fielder who has been dead for 130 years.
When he arrives in Cuba with Homer and Waylon Smithers carrying the stolen trillion dollar note, he greets an ancient taxi by saying "Aha, here's the new Packard we've been hearing so much about".
Burns appears unaware of 20th century political and social developments, such as Fidel Castro replacing Fulgencio Batista as the President of Cuba, Siam changing its name to Thailand, Persia changing its name to Iran and no longer being a monarchy, the Belgian Congo changing its name to the Democratic Republic of Congo, Prussia being absorbed into the German Empire, India gaining its independence from the British Empire, New Mexico entering the United States, the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Idlewild Airport changing its name to JFK Airport, the disbanding of the Negro Leagues, the desegregation of the Major Leagues, Joe DiMaggio no longer being a rookie, Robert Mugabe replacing Ian Smith as Prime Minister (later President) of Zimbabwe and Rhodesia changing its name to Zimbabwe, the extinction of the dodo, the demolition of the Polo Grounds, the ceasing of publication of Collier's Weekly, the abolition of Apartheid in South Africa, the demise of the DuMont Television Network, believing tires need to be revulcanized, confusing The Ramones with The Rolling Stones ("have the Rolling Stones killed"), thinking cars are still operated by levers, believing mail may still be delivered by autogyro (once asking for a package to be delivered by autogyro to the Prussian consolate in Siam), and the occurrence of the 1939 World's Fair.
Mr. Burns' investment portfolio includes long-defunct shares in "Confederated Slaveholdings, Transatlantic Zeppelin, Amalgamated Spats, Congreve's Inflammable Powder, U.S. Hay", and an "up-and-coming Baltimore Opera Hat Company".
Burns commonly refers to deceased persons as if they were alive, including Al Jolson, Tallulah Bankhead, Louise Brooks, Honus Wagner, Cap Anson, and Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown.
He also believes some social institutions and inventions are novel or nonexistent, such as musicals about "the common cat" and "the King of Siam", the Packard automobile, the Fire Department, ice cream (or "iced cream"), vending machines, recycling, strip clubs, the DuMont, the word "into", silent films like the 1929 Lulu, and the synonymity of ketchup and catsup. While trying to chat up a young woman, Burns offers to play the clavichord and show stereopticon images of the Crimean War.
Nonetheless, there are many instances where Burns also displays a clear knowledge of recent events: Citing the films Bugsy and Working Girl as examples when making a movie to gloss over his evil rise to power; being inspired by the movie Sliver to have hidden cameras installed in every home in Springfield; meeting Elvis Presley and regaling Smithers with his impression of the famous singer; using the Ludovico Technique to train attack dogs; enjoying Ziggy comics; playing golf with Richard Nixon, who fretted to Burns about going to prison over the exposure of the Watergate scandal; recalling the prisoner abuse scandal at Abu Ghraib in a "we-can-do-it-better" context ("this place will make Abu Ghraib look like the Four Seasons"); personally knowing Jimmy Carter, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, who along with George H. W. Bush tried to attend Burns' birthday party (Carter and Bush were denied admittance for being "one-termers"); and recalling watching the Beatles' breakthrough performance on the Ed Sullivan Show, dismissing it as "off-key caterwauling". He also has a dislike for Elvis Presley and claims Tallulah Brockman Bankhead has more sex appeal with one raised eyebrow than "Modern movies". He also knows about various lesser-known animals which have long since gone extinct, such as the Fenway Flounder (which died off due to the Boston Tea Party) and the Pocket Fox ("a creature which lived for only three weeks in the 16th century"). ″
Physically weak, he often has great difficulty performing the most basic physical tasks, such as giving a thumbs-up, receiving a hug, crushing a paper cup, or stepping on an insect. He is weak enough to be pushed over by an ant or a high-five, or pushed down by a sponge resting on his head. Bunting a baseball sends him flying to the backstop. The weight of toothpaste on his toothbrush is enough to pull him over (as seen in the opening scene of the Simpsons Movie). He has a hunched back and his vertebral column is visible when he is viewed from the side. His exposure to radiation has given his skin a green glow (though seen in The Springfield Files) and left him infertile. Once a $1000 bill bruised him leaving a reverse imprint of Grover Cleveland on his chest.
Burn's organs have grown immensely weak over the years. His heart is black, desiccated, and barely beats or does not beat at all. At one point, he is struck with lightning, restarting his apparently not beating heart. It is shrunken to the size of a cherry. Burns' blood type is double-O negative. When his finger is pricked, he bleeds dust, and when his arm is poked with a needle, the needle passes through his arm. On one occasion, a chunk of Burns' brain fell out through his ear. Another time, his lungs came out through his mouth in a manner resembling an airbag. On another occasion, he indicated in an off-hand manner that he only has a single lung. If he is not careful, fluid can build up in his hands, causing them to swell to enormous proportions, and his fingers have been shown to flap in the breeze released from a bowling ball dispenser. It has been revealed that if Burns sweats even one drop, he could die of dehydration unless he takes a bath immediately. Burns has also lost body parts due to leprosy (one example is when he lost an entire fingernail in a cup). Both his legs have a crease in them, down the entire length. On one occasion, Burns even dies after drowning during a prolonged session in his bathtub. To cover up the incident, Smithers and Homer make Burns into a marionette to fool an investors meeting, and the movement of the marionette inadvertenly restarts Burn's heart, reviving him.
Mr. Burns' medical treatment includes a weekly procedure which includes chiropractics, a vocal cord scraping, and an injection of pain-killers; the purpose of these treatments is to postpone his death for one week. This makes his pupils dilate to a large size, and renders him temporarily delirious, so much so that he behaves in a friendly and gentle manner, quite in contrast to his usual cantankerous demeanour. He also glows green, a result of working in a nuclear plant for many years. This causes Homer to mistake Mr. Burns for an alien in one episode, though no one believes him, thinking him to have been drunk (he drank about ten bottles of a new type of beer, 'Red Tick Beer' made out of dog fleas). At the end of the episode, Lisa tries to prove that Burns is not an alien, pointing a flashlight at him. This reveals him in his 'nice' form leading the townspeople to believe that he is a monster, but before they can kill him, Smithers rushes in and explains that it is really Mr. Burns (though they still want to kill him). He also has his brain flushed out with vinegar and his eyes "re-balled". Burns' knees are also sent out to be repaired at a "shop." His dentures replace themselves. In the future, Burns may be kept alive by cryonics.
On rare occasions he has displayed great strength and skill, such as when he managed to capture Nessie (though it was never explained how he did so) and when he rescued his girlfriend Gloria from a burning building (although she wound up carrying him out of the blaze).
In "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)", Burns develops verminophobia, a profound fear of microscopic germs.
His first name came from the Montgomery Park sign atop a former Montgomery Ward high-rise department store in Portland, Oregon's Northwest Industrial district. His surname of "Burns" comes from Burnside Street, a main throughfare in downtown Portland.
Forbes estimates his net worth at $16.8 billion placing 6th on the 2007 Forbes Fictional 15 list. Burns has been on the list since 1989. Burns has previous placed fifth on the list and placed second in 2006.


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I tried to install DAZ Studio-220.127.116.11_Mac64, and the end it tells me something is not there ( I forgot what and I dare to go over the installation process to find out ) I cannot complete with the installation, so I decided to abort the installation. After that, when I opened my original Daz 4, at the opening it says one or more files cannot be found. The result is: my Genesis base figure disappeared.
Well, I was intending to install DAZ studio 4.5 and Genesis Starter Essentials anyways, so I figured maybe I should go install Genesis Starter Essentials instead. I did, and, Still the same, Genesis guy never showed up ever again and at the opening DS always tells me no importer for some files cannot be found.
this s bad, now I have to go to look for the basic male and female in order to do anything, my Smart Content shows nothing and now this….
What a headache… help, anyone?


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…putting the blog on a short hiatus. But come back in June, when I'll have a great interview up with Gay Degani, author of WHAT CAME BEFORE. You won't want to miss it.
3 thoughts on "Down for awhile…"
I will miss you and look forward to your interview with Gay.


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...is that my house has to be ready at all times. And is it? No!
Not to my crazy nesting urge standards, that it. I see every normal mess that a family of four creates every day as something that needs to be fixed NOW! And not all by me! Poor hubby is turning grey and running away from me every time he sees me, because he knows (quite right!) that I'll give him another project to tackle. Waking up and seeing the kitchen full of dishes makes me feel so crap. I need a cozy, inviting space for my birthing time - and being a work from home mother, I can't do it all.
How are you dealing with getting your space ready, home birthers?
And thanks for letting me vent!
this is the #1 reason my husband is not on board with a home birth! I think he knows that I would be the same way and just doesn't want to deal with it! He did agree to homebirth when there was no other option but he prefers to do the birth center and once that was an option he said an absolute no to home birth. oh well. the birth center is nice.
Not a home birther (I think), but we are trying to keep things in order and food stocked up because my parents will be coming over the watch the older kids while I'm in labor. Hopefully they will be able to find everything.
I'm 38 weeks today and not ready at all (I've said this so many times on MDC that I feel like a broken record). Part of me just had some block about setting up the major stuff until 37 weeks so that has a lot to do with it. We also had my sister living with us and other small things that made me not really get into major nesting. My shower was 2 weeks ago so most the the baby buying, set up and stuff was on hold until then.
Little by little I'm getting things done though.
One think I could NEVER do is expect the main traffic areas to be clean at all times. I know you're mainly venting but I think I would get that out of my head if I were you. That may literally drive you crazy. ;-) I figure the kitchen, a last minute vacuum (spring brings in the dirt big time with DC playing in the yard) and a quick bathroom clean-up is part of early labor prep in a homebirth. Gotta have something to do, right??
I also have, as some MDC mama put it, some late term projects for the waiting around. I want to finish this dresser and I have something that I want to paint, curtains to make but these are all things that I've accepted may not get done. That may help.
Troll? Here's me...
I have some boxes and bags set aside so all the clutter/crap can go into those in early labour. I think having it "out of sight, out of mind" will help me. I'll sort 'em sometime postpartum (like when the kid turns one! LOL).
Our place is always a mess, but when you have 4 people and only one who actually cleans (aka me), what do you expect? It'll be clean enough for the homebirth.
One thing that is helping me not completely freak out is having the birthing space all set up and organized in a room DS doesn't have access to so when I go into labor, even if the rest of the house is just awful, I can go in there and have somewhere to relax and get away from the mess.
Another is that starting April 1st (about a week before my EDD), we'll be using disposable dishes and eating out of the freezer to keep the kitchen relatively clean. We don't have a dishwasher and both HATE doing dishes, so this is a compromise that will really reduce stress for everyone towards the end of the pg and in the early pp days.
Mama to DS1 (12/07), DS2 (4/11), and DD (6/22/14)
Finally diagnosed with APS after 3 s (11/09, 3/10, 7/13)
i keep telling myself that i'll/we'll have some time to do some last minute things like vaccuum, dishes and clean the bathroom but then when i'm trying to sit and relax in the evening i get to thinking "but what if i don't?!" ugh.
i really hate the idea of switching to disposable dishes... but DP and i also HATE doing dishes (and we even have a dishwasher!) so maybe it would just be ok for a short while... it would really lighten the load!
DS - planned born via 4/4/2011
Having done this a few times I am not so worried about it while I am in labor, its the time afterwards where its really bad. I can't clean while I am laying in bed for days. So the house goes to pot. If its already a mess before hand...omg its like a natural disaster hit. No one can clean like I do so (not because I am particular, but because I do this every day and have it down to a science. I can get it done quickly and orderly) so things just do not get done if I can't do it. Yea I want a nice clean house for the mw to come to but I have 8 kids, its not gonna be clean all the time. Thankfully she came from a big family so I hope she understands.
I'm doing light maintenance cleaning and keeping up with laundry, that is about it. DH knows to tidy the toys in the family room when labor starts as that is where our birth team will hang out. We clean the kitchen most nights, if not by after breakfast in the morning. Otherwise, I'm not too worried. I just went through DS's toys upstairs in the living room and sorted out a bunch of old stuff and slimmed things down, so that helps to have less being pulled out.
We always need to vacuum and it's a pain b/c there is something wrong with ours that makes it very hard to push and pull the vacuum. It's so satisfying though to have our bedroom carpets clean.
Just call me Gestational OCD! I am driving my family crazy wanting to keep the house clean at all times. The kitchen and the laundry are the worst parts. With four kids nothing stays clean very long. Like the PP if this place is a mess when I go into labor you can bet it's going to the dogs fast postpartum.
~Patti~ Momma to three girls and three boys , First mother to one girl
Certified, card carrying member of the IEP Binder Club
I'm not have a homebirth, but my MIL is staying with my two other children while the husband and I go to the birth center. She is a neat freak! She was actually a cleaning lady for a long, long time and I NEVER feel like my house is clean enough for her. She doesn't say anything, but is always cleaning when she's over. I mean, I'll take all the help I can get, but I don't want her to come to a trashed house.
We switched to paper dishes a couple weeks ago. That is the one thing that I'm giving myself! Paper plates are like god's gift to a late term pregnant, working mother of two! It has really helped me keep up.
I plan to use them until at least two weeks after the baby comes!
Count me in here! I swear I've actually reconsidered (not seriously though) NOT having a homebirth because of the messy house. I was sooo hoping I would go into labor last week since the house was so nice and clean after our home visit. But no dice. And now?.. ha! It's bad!! Like a PP said, as long as my birth space is clean I can live with that because I can go retreat there while I make DH straighten up the other rooms. However, our bedroom (where the birth tub is and where I'll be laboring) is now totally trashed. Seriously!! DH threw unfolded laundry on top of my piles of folded laundry which happens to be right next to my laundry bins of birth supplies. So now there is unfolded laundry spilling out into the baskets of birth supplies. And DD and DS keep coming in and trying to pull out parts of my birth supplies. DH has left soda cans, bags of chips, etc. on his nightstand, there's cluttered paper/mail on the desk (which I just cleaned off last week), etc. I'm about to go nuts!! But I'm too damn tired to do anything about it myself anymore. The other frustration is that DH is in school full-time and is coming up on finals. He really needs to be spending alot of time studying since I'll want his help for a week or so when the baby comes. But it's frustrating when I see him relaxing in the evenings or whatever because I'm feeling like "HOW CAN YOU NOT BE FREAKING OUT ABOUT THIS???" lol. Of course i know I can't work him to death either.
today I'm a little grumpy because we had like 5 things taht needed to get done before 5pm when we're leaving for dinner to celebrate my brother's bday. Well, ONE thing has gotten done and it's 3pm! Maybe more would get done if DH didn't insist on taking a 3 hour nap! I know he's tired and has been working hard but I'm DYING here feeling like all I want to do is scream in at him right now to get his ass up out of bed and get to work!! too much? haha! Trying not to freak out but feeling like there is NOOOOO urgency on his part and wanting to kick his butt into gear. grrrrrr. Oh well, it'll all be fine. Breathe, breathe, breathe.
Yep, the bitchiness won out. I couldn't hold it in anymore and yelled at DH to get up out of bed and get to work! I feel kind of bad, but at the same time it needed to be done. And now he's washing dishes and I feel better. I seriously don't care that he's mad right now because at least things are getting done. I know I could've been nicer about it (Read: I totally lost it) but it felt good to just get pissed and let it out. whatever- I seriously don't have the energy to care right now. *sigh* Anyone else wanna join me on Crazy Island?
Mama to DS1 (12/07), DS2 (4/11), and DD (6/22/14)
Finally diagnosed with APS after 3 s (11/09, 3/10, 7/13)
LOL. we'll be bad together!
DH didn't even get upset at all. He didn't say a word and got up and started doing dishes. And has been chatty with me the whole time. Which is his way of apologizing without saying he's sorry. Which if he DID say he's sorry I'd probably get mad at him for making me feel guilty. HAHAHA! Are we nuts or what??
I feel you completely!!! Every time I get everything cleaned and picked-up, I desperately want to move out of the house until I go into labor.
One thing that I've done that has helped is that I have kept my "birthing space" spotless; I plan to do all of my laboring/delivery in our master bedroom and master bathroom area, so every morning, I make sure that it is spotless in those areas then I close the door, and DD and I only go in there for nap time the rest of the day. Same goes for night time; before I go to bed, I make sure thee areas are cleaned up. I figure I can shut myself off from the rest of the house while I'm in laborland at least...
I have been stressing a bit about my house. I have been doing really well and getting and keeping our house clean since we moved into our new place a few weeks ago, at least on my days off. I work the weekends, but I'm off during the week. DH has been stressed big time about not being employed and me going on maternity. Between that, and him getting frustrated with our new kitchen set-up, our house, especially the kitchen was pretty much trashed by the end of the weekend. Somehow, I'm not that stressed about it. I am really thinking that I'm going to have this baby within a couple days of his EDD, so I am feeling like I have another week before I have to really be ready. That makes me feel less stressed about getting everything ready for our homebirth. With DS, I went into labor on my EDD. Let's hope I'm right because if I suddenly start getting contractions, I may freak out a little bit. I did get the kitchen clean, and our main living area, and bathrooms. I still have to get the bedrooms cleaned up and the clean laundry put away. I guess sometime soon, we'll all know how it's played out for all of us!
Melissa Wife to DH, Mom to DS ,DD1 , and DD2. We are a homebirthing, no vax, intact, devoutly LDS happy family!
I am happy to see that I am not the only one in crazy land!
But I must admit that my reason for being uncomfortable with the mess is not because I am worried about what our midwife or visitors might think or say! My reasons are alot more egoistic than that! I want our house to be clean and nice for ME to be able to enjoy my birthing time together with my family. I want to be able to concentrate without being disturbed by avoidable clutter. I just feel so much better when our house is in order! Thank you IdentityCrisisMama and others who pointed out that I have to let some of the worries about our main traffic areas go. Yes, I DO need something to do in early labour! ;)
But hey, you guys: guess who hired a cleaning team today? Yes, me! Yesterday, hubby and I went over the whole house to try to put away as much as possible, and today, two wonderful ladies were here for two hours, and I can't even tell you how happy it made me! Such a treat! And I am sure that when I am 80 years old I will not regret spending the money on this at this particular time in my life - I am calling it a much needed intervention-craziness-prevention! ;) I know it's not the solution for everyone, but I am just mentioning it as I wish you could all have the feeling I have now!
Hugs and best wishes to you all in coping with our challenge!
But I must admit that my reason for being uncomfortable with the mess is not because I am worried about what our midwife or visitors might think or say! My reasons are alot more egoistic than that! I want our house to be clean and nice for ME to be able to enjoy my birthing time together with my family. I want to be able to concentrate without being disturbed by avoidable clutter. I just feel so much better when our house is in order! Thank you IdentityCrisisMama and others who pointed out that I have to let some of the worries about our main traffic areas go. Yes, I DO need something to do in early labour! ;)
This was totally me! Our house needed a good clean, and our treat to ourselves (like you), was to hire a cleaning service. We have biweekly cleaners coming from now until June. Their first scheduled visit was March 24. It was milestone #4 I wanted to complete before I went into labour (my EDD was April 1). While our house is generally neat and tidy thanks to my DW who hates clutter and teens who can be asked to tidy up after themselves, it was really dirty and I was so excited to give birth in a clean house.
Only, I went into labour on the 23rd and the baby was born in the wee hours of the 24th. Two of the three rooms were clean enough. Our bedroom and nursery (where the birthing tub was). The bathroom, however, was definitely not up to any clean standards and that's where wee baby was born. I didn't really even think about it till after when I was reveling in how she was caught by my MW on a (dirty) bathroom floor. The labour, however, made that floor ten times worse!
The best part was that we decided not to cancel the cleaning service. I fell asleep in my bed finally around 9 am and when I awoke and left the bed for the first time since the birth, it was like a cleaning fairy god mother had visited and it was cleaner than clean.
Turns out, the mess didn't impact my labour and it was a sure treat to have a clean house that soon thereafter!
ETA: I actually found the collection of all the birthing supplies and getting the tub working during our test run to be way more stressful than the cleaning thing!
DW and I are moms to two teens (DD 17 and DS 15) adopted through CAS in 2007 and a toddler (DD 2) born at home in March 2011.
I actually DO need to clean my house completely. We're hoping to put it on the market soon. I still haven't gotten everything done but it's tough being later in the third trimester. Ugh...
Happily married Christian SAHM of 2 boys, DD1 , and DD2 July 2013
As my MIL often told me...It's hard to be a picker-upper when you lie with a couple of putter-downers! My DH and stepdaughter cannot walk into a room without leaving something behind on any available flat surface. So....for me, the birth tub will be in our bedroom. I am compulsively keeping the bedroom and attached bath clean so my environment during labor and birth will be calm and uncluttered, and i have to let the rest go. It will be *clean* as in vacuumed, bathrooms clean, etc., but it will be messy. Once I'm in labor I plan to stay in my happy place and let people bring food or anything else to me.
It drives me crazy that the rest of the house is a mess, but I work and DH is not a big cleaner. Something has to give, and I'm hoping this way it won't be my sanity!
Married to Chris (4/07), WOHM to DSD Sam (2/01), missing our angels Phoebe (3/10) and Ronan (4/11).
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