text:
Do Dooni Chaar
Release Date
Nitusing is suparb lagti hai
its really a nice mvie mst watch movie for everyone it will give u the idea of life was shooted in my college......... ie. kirori mal college (du).. a kind of family movie.... very realistic movie with lots of comedy punches in between hpe u al will like it... the shooting was done with some great effort by some college student nd the director... i jst loved the way the effort put by the director imtiyaz m a great fan of him well done sir
this is realy a nice movie,first of all thos is a familear movie ad full of comedyyyyyy,so pls hav a look of this movie,thanx
I am definitely going to see this movie, not only becoz of its lead pair (and Sonam really looks charming in her get-ups in the film) but becoz of the fine fine fine supporting cast the director has lined up - Supriya Pathak, national award winner Atul Kulkarni, Vijay Raaz and the phenomenal veterans Waheeda Rehman and Rishi Kapoor. Care to talk abt these talented actors in Delhi6 and what they have brought to it ??????????? Anybody ??????????


text: Not looking for a complete restored car, but a project, or incomplete car (I know, I know, not many of those left). Either that or I have 2 complete but disassembled boss 429s for sale. I dont personally own the engines, but if youre serious PM me and Ill put you in contact with the owner.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ghouls, goblins and ghosts will gather around the Skeleton Candy Dish to delve into your delicious treats. This heavy ceramic candy dish is perfect for small candy bars, candy corn or other seriously sweet treats. Features a hand painted skull.
Get your bloody fingers out of the candy dish! The Blood Candy Dish will have your guests thinking twice about touching your candy. This white ceramic bowl has a hand painted, bloody hand print and splatter design.
You'll have everyone thinking about their favorite striped candy when you wear the Candy Corn Stripe Suspender. Features orange, yellow and white striped suspender.
Wear something sweet this Halloween when you wear the Candy Stripe Crew Sock. Complete any Halloween look with these yellow, black and white striped socks.
Get into the holiday spirit when you deck yourself out in these Candy Cane Suspenders. Red and white adjustable suspenders features candy cane print details.
It can't get much sweeter than the Candy Corn Stripe Bowtie. Infuse your inner sweet tooth into you Halloween look this year with this white, orange and yellow striped bowtie.
Get your little one into the holiday spirit when you dress her in this Candy Cane Child Tutu. Nylon tutu skirt features intermixed red and white fabrics.
Bring your favorite superheroes along for the ride when you go house to house collecting candy on Halloween using the officially licensed Avengers Candy Meter Bucket. This blue bucket features character graphics of Iron Man, Hulk, Captain America, and Thor along with an awesome meter that shows you…
Transform your party into a Halloween Candyland with the warm orange glow from this Candy Corn light set. Or install these lights outside to attract the drooling trick-or-treaters hunting for candy. Just think, who would've thought that something which tastes so icky could look so good as…
Everyone loves candy corn - it's a signature Halloween treat. Why not treat yourself to these clever Candy Corn shoes - you deserve it! Complete your candy corn costume or wear "just because" - fun!
Create your own sort of Christmas spirit with these festive red and white Candy Cane Fairy Wings.
You'll look good enough to eat when you complete your pop star or candy girl costume with this fun and flirty purple Candy Girl wig. The heart headband will stop him in his tracks - cotton candy anyone? Play it up and play for keeps in this sassy wig.
You'll look good enough to eat when you complete your pop star or candy girl costume with this fun and flirty blue Candy Girl wig. The heart headband will stop him in his tracks - cotton candy anyone? Play it up and play for keeps in this sassy wig.
Halloween means pumpkins and jack-o-lanterns! Celebrate the season when you little one collects tricks and treats in this charming orange Plush Pumpkin Candy Bucket that serves as a decor accent when not in use.
You're never alone when you carry your treats in the officially licensed Pokeman candy pail - carry it keep your treats safe and handy on Halloween.
Add some holiday cheer to any outfit with this festive red and white striped Candy Cane fairy headband - let the holiday magic begin!
You're never alone when you carry your treats in the officially licensed Monster High candy pail - Frankie Stein, Draculaura, Clawdeen and all the rest are along for the ride.
…stuffed animal friends to life on Halloween when you collect your candy with the officially licensed Doc McStuffins Candy Meter Bucket. This purple, plastic bucket features Doc McStuffins character graphics along with a section of the bucket that acts like a meter so you can see your candy rise!
Look sweet enough to eat in this darling Candy Corn Witch girls costume. It picks up on all the colors of the classic candy with a stylish and sophisticated twist. The 100% polyester dress comes complete with matching hat and leggings. So cute it's scary!
Who said witches can't be sweet?! Prove them all wrong when you dress your little one in this Candy Corn Witch Toddler Costume. Black, white, orange and yellow dress features a layered skirt and comes complete with a mini witch hat on a headband.
What's the best thing about a candy cane? You decide in this sexy Candy Cane Cutie costume that will spice up the holidays! The adorable red dress is trimmed with a candy cane applique apron and festivebow on the bodice - so many pretty things,he won't know where to look first!
A sweet treat coming to you straight from the North Pole. Everything you need to make your holiday season merry and bright!
Zombies need some lovin' too! Attach your official zombie badge or keys to this simple I Heart Zombies Lanyard. Maybe there's more to zombies than an ugly face.
If you're a fan of the undead, then you need to be drinking from this cup! The "I Brain Zombies" Cup features graveyard graphics of the dead rising along with a full moon and "I Brain Zombies" written in red.


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Saint Leo, Fla. (April 9, 2008) – The No. 29 Saint Leo women's tennis team (11-7, 3-5 SSC) was handed its first loss in their last six matches Wednesday afternoon at the SLU Tennis Center after being swept 9-0 by No. 7 Rollins College Tars (18-1, 7-1 SSC) in the final SSC match of the season.
The Tars, as in the previous meeting, swept through Saint Leo in doubles competition. The Lions' duo of Lina Benkirane (So., Casablanca, Morocco) and Asmaa Tazi (Jr., Casablanca, Morocco) were halted of any comeback attempt dropping their match to Marnie Mahler and Roshni Luthra 8-6 in the No. 1 spot. The No. 2 duo of Shaena Keefe (So., Spring Hill, Fla.) and Taylor Cleaves (So., Norwell, Mass.) fell 8-4 to Silvia Frandji and Anastasiya Shevchenko. The No. 3 position didn't fair much better for the Lions, as the Rollins pair of Margaret Junker and Allie Steele rolled past Veronica Queen (Fr., Valrico, Fla.) and Gina Schifano (So., Tampa, Fla.) 8-0 to complete the first part of the sweep.
The Tars also blanked the Lions in singles competition. In the No. 1 singles spot, Benkirane dropped her two-set match to No. 27 Mahler 6-2, 6-3. Tazi lost a valiant second set against Shevchenko eventually dropping the match 6-3, 7-5 in the No. 2 spot. The Tars' Luthra made quick work of the Lions' Keefe winning 6-1, 6-2 in the No. 3 position. In the No. 4 spot, Rollins' Junker swept Queen in both sets 6-0, 6-0. Schifano gave the Lions their best chance at picking up a point in the match but dropped a decisive third set to Frandji, losing the match 6-0, 3-6, and 7-5. Sydni Katz finished off the sweep of the Lions defeating Cleaves 6-4, 6-3.
The Lions return to the court Thursday, April 10 at the SLU Tennis Center for a non-conference match-up with Northwood University (Mich.) at 3:00 p.m.


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Help WantedJune 14th, 2004 by Crusader
dimethyl sent in the following request:
As an ancient Loki-ported Heroes of Might & Magic III loyal player, I amlooking forward to revive the myth and wake up all the Linux/Unix Heroes IIIplayers out there.
I am also planning to set up a great campaign if enough experienced playersanswer this call. By experienced I have in mind all players who successfullyfinished all the seven original campaigns or who beat expert maps such asTitanic Pride.
I am thinking of a cooperative campaign and a deathmatch campaign. Thecooperative one will take on great classic multiplayer maps such as Greyhawk(I have hacked a dual-coop and a jihad version of the map), Warlords, Crimsonand Clover… the deathmatch campaign will take 1v1 maps on an eliminatorymode for one huge maps in free for all modes for the other with classment offpoints. I might even put up small prices for the deathmatch campaign if thereare enough players to compete with each other.
So if you are interested please email me at "dimethyl [AttTT] pandora D07 be"and the campaigns might start as soon as the end of June (but we _will_ playinformal games in the meantime by the time we get more than a few players).Please only contact me if you are serious about playing for long shifts. If weare to play 8-players games we need the players ready.
We also received this other request:
I'm searching for programmers in php and html and for gamserver admins.My idea is to develop an administration tool for game servers webbased in php.Primary for id-based games like Quake and Wolfenstein. But of course, it ispossible as well to make an admin tool for HalfLife.
To do this it would be nice if there are some people who wanted to help mewith this.
My plan is at first to develop a script which just generates a configurationfile for the server where it is easy to configure how many slots, passwordsetc which should be very easy to use.In the second step it would be nice, if there are possibilities formonitoring, stats analysis and direct adminstration to restart the server inexample.
If there are existing solutions we can use it as a base, or we can implementthis in our sourcecode.
For an example project look at SWAT for Samba.
To do all this things it would be very very nice if somebody will help me.I'm still looking for developer, webdesigner, gameserver admins or justpersons which write the documentation or make a translation.
If interested, reply in the comments below with contact information.


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|Package Bees Are Here
We started off with our pick up bee package weekend last week. For those of you who don't know about package bees, let me tell you a little. Honey bees come in 2 - 3- or 4 lb "packages". These packages are wooden crates with screen for the bees to breathe. Inside there is also a queen and a can of sugar candy for the bees to eat until pick up. Hundreds of customers came in through the pouring down rain, lightning and high winds to come get their packages of bees and pick up their other supplies. We enjoy so much meeting these folks, but it's hard to make much conversation with so many numbers of folks here.
|Package bees
|Beekeeping goes on...even in the rain.
The weather is not cooperating with us here
in Illinois. Because most of our hives are part of our queen operation, it's imperative we get the girls off the ground and running as fast as possible. We're a little low on the flowers right now, and with the almost-constant rain, we have been feeding the bees. Putting out feeders on 100+ hives is kind of impractical, so there's a variety of things we do to supplement the bees food. And even if it rains, we have to do the work. David's rigged out something we call the "beebrella"--a big golf umbrella on a wooden stand that he moves from hive to hive to work in them. Pretty clever. I wonder if we should selling these?
I have some wonderful compost done cooking. I read a book once where the author practically tells you that unless you have a degree in science, don't bother making compost. Well, I don't have a science degree--all I know is that I put in eggshells, food, the ocassional grass clippings and some chicken poo and I got some good stuff! Now if I could just get the garden planted.
|Sheri and a cart full of......
We have babied this tree for many years now, and it hasn't bloomed for a couple of years, but this year it is in glorious bloomage. I hope you and your family had a great holiday.


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Rodrigo Moraes just set up a web interface to search the Solar-Talk mailing list. From his announcement on Solar-Talk:
The Solar-talk archives are now searchable:
It is a very rudimentary mini-app using Solar & Zend_Search_Lucene for the indexing. Some features are still not implemented like pagination and exact phrase match. Messages will be indexed once a day via cron, starting from today at night. Currently it is indexed until last Friday, July 14.
I needed this. Hope others will also find it useful.
Thanks Rodrigo!


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The Texas International Law Journal will hold its annual international law symposium on February 26 and 27, 2009. Entitled "China's Emergence: Effects on Trade, Investment, and Regulatory Law," this one-and-a-half day symposium will address the legal and policy implications related to China's rise in political and economic power. The symposium—free and open to the public—will be held in the Eidman Courtroom at the University of Texas School of Law.
The symposium will begin with a keynote address from Timothy Reif, one of the leading legal advisors on trade policy in Washington. Reif, formerly chief council for the House Ways and Means Trade Subcommittee and now of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, will discuss possible ways the new Obama administration and the House democrats will address the many challenges and opportunities arising in the U.S.-China trade relationship. Reif's address will begin at 5:00 p.m. on Thursday, February 26.
Opening remarks of the main body of the symposium will begin at 9:00 a.m. on Friday, February 27. Expert panelists will be coming in from China, Hong Kong, and throughout the United States. They will discuss challenges and opportunities related to China's economic and political rise through the lens of three primary topic areas—trade, investment, and regulatory law. Experts from both academic and practitioner backgrounds will present. Officials from the Ministry of Commerce for the People's Republic of China, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the Department of Commerce will also present.
For more information, please visit the symposium website: http://tilj.org/symposium/
For attorneys attending to earn continuing legal education credit, up to eight hours of credit are available (four hours each for the morning and afternoon segments). To register for CLE credit, please visit the symposium website.
Related links:
Texas International Law Journal
Texas International Law Journal symposium website
Mitchell Kilby, Texas International Law Journal, firstname.lastname@example.com


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sony walkman
Walkman ZX2: Sony brings back the Walkman, ready for high-resolution audio6 January 2015
No it's not 1988, but that hasn't stopped Sony bringing back the Walkman brand, and in particular a Walkman for music fans keen to keep the audio experience decidedly hi-resolution. The new Walkman NW-ZX2 will pitch itself as a dedicated hi-res compatible... >>
Sony Walkman alive and well in Japan24 January 2012
Despite reports suggesting that the Sony Walkman brand was a dead man walking, the brand continues to crop up - most recently in the electronics giant's homeland of Japan with the launch of the new E-Series PMPs and a couple of speaker docks to boot.... >>
Android Sony Walkman prototype gets IFA showing5 September 2011
Sony showed off a Walkman Mobile Entertainment Player on its stand at the IFA consumer electronics show in Berlin. It was quickly pointed out to us that this was a prototype, but we can see where Sony are headed with this one, and that's straight up... >>
Sony Walkman A, S, E and W series MP3 players announced27 July 2011
Sony has only gone and launched an entirely new Walkman lineup, adding four brand spanking new MP3 players to its audio range. The Walkman quartet all boast their own unique features, with things like touch screens and water-resistance setting them... >>
Sony Sports Walkman NWZ-W260 goes for gold14 July 2011
Who said that the Sony Walkman was dead eh? Well, we did actually, but the legendary brand keeps a coming. The Sony Sports Walkman NWZ-W260 has just been announced - a sporty little number designed with fitness fanatics in mind. The W260 is wire free... >>
Sony Walkman Music Clip: Bass at a touch of a button5 May 2011
Who said the Sony Walkman was dead, eh? Oh yeah - we did. But talk of its demise may have been greatly exaggerated as Sony continues to use the brand on phones and MP3 players - most recently with the Sony Walkman Music Clip NWZ-B160, which has just been... >>
The Sony Walkman (1979-2010)25 October 2010
Born into a technology world dominated by brands from Europe and the West, the Walkman could scarcely dream of the rollercoaster life of fame, stardom and eventual obsolescence that awaited it. The Walkman, who has died today after a long battle with... >>
Sony Walkman NWZ-E350 Series senses your music tastes12 August 2010
If you liked the look of the Sony Walkman NWZ-E450 range, but thought you could do without the karaoke features to save you a few quid, and also thought they could do with slimming down a bit, then the budget NWZ-E350 range may be more up your street.... >>


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Delve into the world of motion graphics, keying, and compositing in After Effects CC.
Learn how to model, texture, light, and animate 3D objects in CINEMA 4D, and create amazing motion graphics, visual effects (VFX), and animations.
Introduces After Effects CS6 and the world of animation, effects, and compositing.
Shows how to create stunning motion graphics and animations for video production in Motion 5.
Covers the essential topics when learning 3D design, including modeling, animation, and integration with other design tools.
Shows how to start building outstanding motion graphics and animations for video production.
Ian Robinson explores how to get the most from this unique application, while also sharing his own essential motion graphics techniques.
"IThis is a wonderful resource for me which I use almost daily in my personal education." —Virginia M.
more from our members »


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Rucca Page is ready to rock from frame one of this 30 minute group sex scene. She swaggers into the bedroom and starts warming her pussy up, then we cut to a groping interview. The blowjob gang bang starts 8 minutes into the runtime, with four dudes getting their dicks and balls sucked by a hot brunette who just won't let go! After all that sucking, she must have expected a lot of cumshots to hit her face and no doubt about it, this ending is Bukkake gold!
Pornstar - Rucca Page
Information - Rucca Page
Description :
Performs : Anal, Blowjob, Bukkake, Creampie, Deep Throat, Gang Bang, Group Sex, Hardcore, Pantyhose, POV, Swallow, Threesome, Tits Fuck
Ethnicity : Caucasian
Nationality : n/a
Year Of Birth : 1990 (current age 0)
PSN Rating 9.65
Pornstar Rank:#96
Body 9.62
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Performance 9.63
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Godzilla Mangaゴジラ; Terror of Godzilla
From Dark Horse: Something monstrous rises up from the sea and nearly sinks a Japanese fishing boat. The sole survivor tells a tale that no one wants to believe. But when a Russian nuclear submarine is destroyed in the same waters, the world is forced to face the truth: Godzilla has returned! This manga classic was originally published by Dark Horse in black and white in 1988
Godzilla Forums
No topics have been created yet. Be the first one to create a topic .
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- 2 years agoGodzilla 1
- 2 years agoGodzilla 2
- 2 years agoGodzilla 3
- 2 years agoGodzilla 4
- 2 years agoGodzilla 5
- 2 years agoGodzilla 6
- Action, Horror, Sci-fi, Shounen
- Completed
- Iwata Kazuhisa
- Please rate this manga!
- Watch Godzilla Anime Online
Please help us keep the information of this manga up-to-date create a ticket so we can edit information of this manga/chapters!


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The 300+ Club
All Scouts who sell $300 of popcorn will have their name put in a special prize drawing.
For each $30 beyond $300 the Scout's name will be entered into the drawing again.
The prizes are:
26" Bicycle
10-Foot Kayak
32" LCD Flat Screen Sanyo TV
The first name drawn picks from the three prizes. The second name drawn picks from the two remaining prizes. The third name drawn receives the remaining prize. There is a limit of one prize per Scout. The drawing for the prizes will be held at Avondale Scout Reservation during the 2012 Winter Camp.
Each Scout That Obtains A Popcorn Sale Goal of $1,500 Can Earn:
Cub Scouts & Webelos: A free week of Day Camp for the summer of 2013 or ½ credit towards Cub Scout Holiday Camp or Webelos Resident Camp at Camp Avondale in 2013.
Boy Scouts: ½ credit towards Summer or Winter Camp at Camp Avondale for 2013.
Please review council website/newsletters for details on camping opportunities for 2013. All incentives listed above are only valid for Istrouma Area Council camping opportunities. All eligible Scouts must have completed order forms and eligibility form submitted to the Council by Friday, October 26, 2012.


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Why is Host Geek Different from its Competitors?
~ Unbeatable Geektastic support that you'll love.
We're confident that once you've experienced our services you'll never want to leave. Since 2005 we've built up a loyal following of clients. We can offer your business:
~ Unbeatable Geektastic support that you'll love.
~ Ultra reliable servers based in Australia.
~ Scalable web hosting plans that grow with your business
We also offer loads of additional addons like SSL Certificates, Domain Names, Search Engine Optimisation, Social Media, Digital Marketing and more.


text:
Carefree Salon & Spa is a full-service salon serving the northern Phoenix communities, including Carefree, Cave Creek, Anthem, N. Scottsdale and Black Canyon City. We're family owned and operated, and our goal is to make you feel comfortable and welcome while in our care.
Carefree Salon and Spa offers a full menu of services for men, women and children, including hair care, skin care, nail care, and massage.


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The Texans did a great job filling needs in this draft, but I think they reached a little too often to do so. They're feeling the pressure to win now, which can sometimes lead to poor draft-day decisions.
I like Kareem Jackson, but he wasn't worth a top-20 pick. They obviously looked at their starting cornerbacks (Brice McCain and Quin Glover) and panicked. With Ryan Mathews off the board, probably their only non-cornerback option in the 1st-round, they were dead-set on taking a corner. Unfortunately there just wasn't anyone other than Haden worth a top-20 pick.
Their 2nd-round selection of Ben Tate also reeks of them locking in on one positions and insisting on filling it with that pick. They simply couldn't enter 2010 with Steve Slaton as their starting running back. After missing out on Mathews in the 1st round, they had to address the need in the 2nd. Tate can be a nice compliment to Slaton but he wasn't worth the 58th overall pick in the draft. They should have rolled the dice that Tate or a comparable running back would be available in the 3rd round.
Once again in the 3rd round they reached to fill a need. Their defensive tackles have all been career underacheivers, especially starters Amobi Okoye and Shaun Cody. I don't disagree with addressing the need, but Earl Mitchell is too raw to have an instant impact. He has upside, but it will take some time to develop him into a starter. This just wasn't a good fit for Mitchell. He's the type of player that would have benefited from playing behind a proven veteran for a year or two.
In the 4th round they reached again, this time to add depth at linebacker. Darryl Sharpton is a versatile linebacker who can backup DeMeco Ryans on the inside or compete for playing time at the weak-side position. By the 4th round reaches don't look as bad, but it doesn't change the fact that there were better players on the board.
I love the selection if Garrett Graham in the 5th round. He is a very similar player to fellow Badger Owen Daniels. No one will be expecting Graham to see much playing time as a rookie, but he'll provide insurance behind Daniels who missed nearly the entire 2009 season with an ACL injury.
Sherrick McManis has limited upside, but they needed to add more depth at cornerback. He'll play special teams and be a 4th or 5th option at cornerback if the makes the roster.
I was surprised that the Texans waited until the 6th round to address their interior offensive line. Shelley Smith doesn't have much upside, but he could see playing time as a rookie if for no other reason than the Texans don't have many other options.
Trindon Holliday will be an interesting player to watch in 2010. Given his size (5'5″, 159 pounds), its hard to imagine him doing anything other than returning kicks and punts. But can he even win that job over Andre' Davis and Jacoby Jones? I hope he does just for the entertainment factor of seeing the NFL's version of Earl Boykins returning kicks.
I was absolutely shocked that Dorin Dickerson fell to the 7th round. The issue is obvious that he doesn't have a true position. He's too small to play tight end or wide receiver. He's built like a running back, but has no experience there. But despite all that, he's too athletic not to give a shot to play somewhere. Even if he plays a very limited role, plays can be designed for him to create mismatches. I think the Texans got themselves a steal, so long as they're willing to work him into the game plan.
This was a make-or-break draft for the Texans. Either Jackson and Tate make an immediate impact and push the Texans over the top and into the playoffs, or Gary Kubiak will be pushed out the door. The Texans have been just on the outside of legitimately competing for a few years now and they're starting to grow impatient with Kubiak's inability to get them into the playoffs. You have to give them credit for takings risks, but if they don't work out, the next regime will look at this draft as the reason why they've been set back 2-3 years.


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Read Sesame Workshop's Statement on Kevin Clash, Voice of Elmo, Resigning Amid Sex Accusations
Sesame Workshop released the below statement on Tuesday after Kevin Clash, the man who voiced the character of Elmo for 28 years, resigned following accusations that he had a sexual encounter with a man when he was only 16 years old.
Read the statement:
Sesame Workshop's mission is to harness the educational power of media to help all children the world over reach their highest potential. Kevin Clash has helped us achieve that mission for 28 years, and none of us, especially Kevin, want anything to divert our attention from our focus on serving as a leading educational organization. Unfortunately, the controversy surrounding Kevin's personal life has become a distraction that none of us wants, and he has concluded that he can no longer be effective in his job and has resigned from Sesame Street. This is a sad day for Sesame Street.
-Sesame Workshop


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Temptalia Asks You – What question would YOU like asked in "Temptalia Asks You"?
What question would YOU like asked in "Temptalia Asks You"? (Can you tell that I'm running a little low on inspiration?)
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
does UC expect equations to be punctuated? like this:
The grand unified theory can be expressed by the complicated expression
y = mx + b.
or is this left up to the author? some physics journals require all
equations to be punctuated in this manner.
vox mailing list
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systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
content violation
You can write your comment.
This website has a content focused on unknown topics. We detected general outline is
Most visitors access this website by search engines and they usually type kpn itv online|
To define success and accessiblity of this site, we checked it on Alexa and world rank result is 269354. Most of visitors are from Netherlands. An average user spends 10 seconds on itvonline.nl and views aproximately 2 pages. Google values this website with number 3 / 9.
itvonline.nl's homepage html output is 15 KB. We had a close look to its HTML structure and found out homepage has 187 code lines and it contains no error. A clean HTML, which means error-free structure and higher content/code ratio is search engine friendly as it is also user friendly.
Linking is an important step on website building. A good internal link web can bring you more search engine indexes and it will also increase your page visits as well as users will want to spend more time. This page has 17 internal links and 5 external links. Keep in mind that external links are ok, but too many of them will always be problem.
Social media has an important role on being popular as a website. This website got -1 likes on facebook which is not enough. These likes represents real user preferences which is also important for search engines. This domain is shared -1 times by users and clicked 0 times.
itvonlineshop.com is ranked #20878523in the world, with 3 PR. is the most searched query for this domain.
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itvstudios.de is ranked #2033427in the world, with 3 PR. itv is the most searched query for this domain.


text:
Boyfriend Arrested After Argument With Girlfriend
Charleston police say after an argument between a boyfriend and girlfriend the man broke in using a grill's propane tank. 40-year old Johnny Chandler of Charleston is accused of stealing his girlfriend purse and she locked him out of the house. The criminal complaint shows he broke his way in using the propane tank from the grill, and once inside he choked and assaulted the victim. She was eventually able to get away after spraying Chandler with mace. He was taken to the South Central Regional Jail on burglary charges.
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text:
We are BACK FROM HOLIDAYS - Please place your order when ready
Our home page is a bit untidy at the moment... sorry for any inconvenience...all the best . check out our specials...
Welcome you to Beads4u.com.au Wholesalers
of Plastic Beads since 1992, seed beads, bugle beads, faceted beads, pony beads, round
beads, pearls, cloisonne, semi-precious, firepolished czech glass, wooden beads,
findings, rice beads and much more:
BEADS4U has moved to bigger and better premises at Shed 14- 23 Hales Drive, Lonsdale South Australia.
Our warehouse is open to the public on the first Saturday of the month (except public holiday long weekends) from 12 am to 2pm - or by appointment. It is a garage sale opportunity to snap up a bargain. A map is on the About Us page.
We have the range that is on the website as well as clearance lines of glass and plastic beads from $10 per kilo.
Also we have old stock of posters, prints, oils and various craft supplies to clear out.
If you have problems using this site, please feel free to
email us Click here or Phone Tracy on 0418 850 676 - We are a real business that is run by real people! Thanks"


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Hey lovelies! Today I have two bold products to share with you! A red lipstick and a gold eyeshadow!
I purchased both of these at Walmart for my [Halloween pirate costume]. I don't remember the prices (and the websites aren't showing prices), but they had to be very cheap. We ended up spending nearly $300 for my party, so budgeting was a big necessity!
Before we begin, I do want to touch real quick on a little subject. I'm using watermarks now, as you can see. With my blog growing larger, I think it's a good idea. Not so much that I'm worried about stealth but I feel like it's a good move and shows that I'm proud of my blog and have high hopes that it will continue to grow! :)
But, anyways, what I really wanted to say was I discovered a great and easy way to add watermarks that I am super excited about, and I just had to share with you!
Check out Will Paint Nails for Food's post [here] for a great tip to save trouble with watermarks!!
Alrighty then!
I'll start off with the lipstick.
This is my very first red lipstick! Crazy, I know!
I've gotta say, I love this packaging! It's probably the fanciest looking product I own. haha
Which might be sad to admit, but we all start somewhere, right?
The gold is just so elegant and lovely and classic. I love it!
As you can see, I had a bit of an oops with my lipstick before I could get photos.
Somehow it got smushed to the top of the lid when I put it in, bah.
I tried to smooth it out, but there's only so much I could do. Hopefully as I use it, it will become more normal looking again. haha
I don't quite know how to describe the color, but you can see for yourself. It's a red red. It worked great with my costume, but I think maybe a darker shade would work better? I'm not sure.
I guess I'll just have to experiment and find out, but for my first red, I'm fairly satisfied.
As far as the quality of the lipstick, it's not really the best. It does the job, but can definitely be improved. I find application difficult. I mostly have to use a lip brush which I find immensely tedious, and even with the lip brush, it's hard not to get everywhere.
Which leads me to my biggest issue...dear goodness gracious this lipstick is messy!
(Seriously, let's just say - this is not, I repeat not, a date night lipstick! haha)
((Then again, it does make for some amusing laughs when you leave a very Hollywood-esque kissy mark on your date's cheek. heheh))
That being said, I don't use primers, or liners, or anything like that. I don't own any (of any sort, I really need to!) so I can't say if they would help or not. But just the lipstick on its own is a mess.
I did like this polish best when I put a clear gloss over it. Guess I just love me some shiny things. haha
Stay tuned for photos in-wear at the bottom!
Now for the eyeshadow!
Oh my, oh my, I am loving this eyeshadow!!
I do find it really weird that the top of the package is the bottom of the product.
Thank goodness it doesn't spill or I'd have lost it all the first time I opened it!
I'll admit that I originally picked out a much more yellow toned gold. However, when I got to the register, the package had been opened, so the cashier sent me to get another one. That had been the last one, so I picked up the other gold instead.
I was pleasantly surprised when I put it on! Holy cow this thing is pigmented and vibrant! A perfect gold in my opinion!
The quality and texture of the shadow is different than the powders that I'm used to, and I love it. I want more!! It stays really well! The only real downside to that is that it isn't easy to blend like normal eyeshadows.
But it turned out beautifully, so I'm really not worried about it myself. It definitely has staying power! When I went to take it off, it was slightly more difficult than normal to wipe off. I don't use any heavy duty makeup remover though, just some cheap stuff from Walmart.
Anyways, yeah, I am in love with this eyeshadow. Great quality, great color, great texture, great appearance, greatly satisfied customer! haha
Alright, now to the pictures!
(Note: I do have some brown mixed on the edges of the eyeshadow, but all over the lid you can see the gold on its own.)
Artificial Light
Yeah, that gold is to die for!
The lipstick will do for now, but I'm more eager than ever to try out different lipsticks.
(Next on my list is purple though. I can't explain how bad I want a purple lipstick!! haha)
Was the double review too much or do you prefer it?
Let me know! :)
I'd love to hear your stories of your very first red lipstick!
I think it's a big moment in any beauty lover's life. haha
Disclaimer: These products were purchased by me. I was not paid to review. All opinions are my own, honest views.


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Debbie
"Dutch gingersnaps"
Hmm. None of these ingredients are on sale today.
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1/2 cup
1 cup
sifted all-purpose flour
1 1/2 cups
packed brown sugar
1/2 cup
chopped almonds
1/8 teaspoon
I was served a very crisp flavorful, flat cookie they said was an almond cookie at a resturant so I came home and decided to find a recipe for them. I found this and felt that this was the cookie I had. However, the reviews were not good so I looked elsewhere for the recipe and found it listed many places.The ingredients were the same but,all the other sites said to bake it for 5 minutes not 15 so I decided to try it. I am sure this is the cookie I had at the resturant so I made them and baked them for 5 minutes. The flavor was the same but mine were not crispy so I will try them again (make only half the recipe)and probably bake them for 7 minutes. I would suggest anyone making them to be sure and use parchment paper on your cookie sheet as I think it would be a mess to clean up without the parchment paper.
Each attempt spread out and burned very quickly at 400.
7 Ratings
The cookies spread out and was sticky once it gets hard I crushed it up in little bits and put atop ice cream
I think that there is something missing from the list of ingredients,or something else because 5 minutes in the over and these just become a burnt sugary mess.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 233
Calories from Fat: 88
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Dog Breath
A dog blog with Melissa Bech and Joey Guerra
Monthly Archive for August, 2009
The eyes move, the head doesn't
These eyes are shifty. I woke, stared into the dark and wondered what caused me to wake. I lay in the bed and listened. No sounds of break-ins or thunder or impending doom. Then I felt it, the infinitesimal muscle moment. May-May was sleeping with her head shoved between my arm and my side. She […] [Read More]
God = Dog? Dog = God?
Commentor Craig posted this video. Whatever you believe, it will catch at your heart. This might not be the right time to post this nice little song/video but here it is anyway. Enjoy. [Read More]
Anchor Blue: A bit of "puppiness"
I call it "puppiness," the happiness of looking at a puppy, any puppy. And believe me, I need a bit of "puppiness" after the sadness of the past few weeks, with the death of Tony and the sickness of May May. So when a friend sent me photos of her new Samoyed puppy, Anchor Blue, […] [Read More]
Update on Tony: At peace now
The old dog Tony was dead when CG went out to check this morning about 6:30 a.m. He hadn't been gone long. CG said he looked peaceful, like he had gone to sleep. Sadness mixed with relief. I couldn't have stood another day like yesterday, watching his struggle to die. Tony is buried near Max. […] [Read More]
Tony update: Hoping for a noble death
CG asked if it would bother me too much, if he went ahead and dug Tony's grave. I said no. I know it is hard work, especially during such dry times. Tony now refuses to eat, only drink. He continues to stay among the bamboo stalks, where he is safely hidden and it is surprisingly […] [Read More]
Tony update: Into the bamboo
For those who have been following old Tony's sad saga, he has decided he wants to be outside. This morning I gave Tony water, which he drank, and tried to give him hot dogs and cookies, which he refused. Then CG stood him up and Tony walked outside to go to the bathroom. After that, […] [Read More]
Tony update: His eyes are blank
Last blog I reported our old dog Tony was fading fast. Now he seems to have reached a shaky equilibrium. He is stronger in some ways. He can get up on his wobbly legs and go out into the yard to function, and then come in and lie back down on the rug. He can […] [Read More]
Show More


text: The early church father, theologian, and philosopher, Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), said, "A hymn is the praise of God with song; a song is the exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, bursting forth in the voice." Great hymn texts are manifestations of God's eternal truths which draw us deep into the presence of God. And as such they transcend time and trend and even culture and language. Most text that have endured throughout time have been popularly set to many tunes. This practice has taken place for hundreds of years because while the truth of God is transcendent our musical preferences are not. In recent years another cultural shift in popular music has once again sparked a reemergence in the rewriting of hymns. I am happy to be a part of that effort and to support others in it as well.


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In a new post to DZone.com Mitchell Pronschinske looks at closure object binding in PHP 5.4 applications (yes, we know PHP 5.4 isn't released yet). He explains what this is an shows some sample use cases for you to consider in your development.
For the people who read PHP's NEWS file, it's no surprise - but for all who don't here's is probably one of the biggest features of PHP 5.4: Closure Object Support is back. For me it's something I missed the most, when Closures were introduced in PHP 5.3. So I'm very happy, that's finally here (or back). I'm going to tell you about the rocky road which closure object binding support had and show you some simple use cases for it.
The functionality, based on this RFC, lets you more correctly bind closures to objects instead of having to pass the objects into the closure at create time. He includes an example from a Silex framework application and an example that refactors a helper method as a part of rendering a simple template.


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Ok so maybe you were lucky enough to receive a cool new pool table cue from Santa for Christmas, or maybe you've just received one of our great free cues with your table. What's next ? How about a cue case from our new range of practical and above all stylish pool and snooker cue cases ?
With cases for both one-piece and two-piece cues we're bound to have something to give your cue the protection and looks it deserves from its journey in your home to your friends house or your local pool / snooker club for you to show off your skills!
Plus lets face it cues aren't the easiest thing to carry around, and at a stretch could leave you with a spot of explaining to do to the local constabulary if you're seen walking down the road with one! Our cases not only protect the cues from any damage from the elements but many also provide carrying straps so you're hands are once again yours.
We also have some high end Leather carrying cases for those of you who really need to show off!
So why not head over to our pool & snooker cue cases section and take a look at our great range, as always if you need any further advice please give one of our fully trained pool & snooker accessories advisers a call on 0800 612 8180.
Sections featured in this blog post:


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I was told by an Apple employee that all I needed for the nano 5th gen was the senor and not the whole kit, can anyone confirm or deny this?
- Asked by Julie N from Orlando
Nike + iPod Sensor
Product No Longer Available
2 Answers from the Community
According to the website: "pair it with your existing Nike + iPod receiver attached to your iPod nano."
Also: "If you have an iPod touch (2nd generation) or iPhone 3GS, all you need to track your workouts is this wireless sensor.
So you need the receiver for an iPod nano.
- Answered by Timothee R from Verdun
trust in apple employees! all you need with nano 5th is the sensor and not the whole kit!!!
- Answered by Andrea S from Roma


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At least six people have died in water-related accidents in this area during the heavy rains and flooding. That's if the two victims in Friday's accident on Central Freeway drowned, or the high water played a part in their deaths.
There have been several accidents around the area.
Body shop owners say when winter weather hits Texoma it's one of their busiest times of the year.
With the ice and snow we saw late last week, towing services say they were out and about at dozens and dozens of accidents.
Car accidents are the number one cause of death for teenagers.
Even though snow and ice made a mess of roads this weekend, Wichita Falls Police say they responded to fewer car crashes over the last few days.
Miniature horses cause trouble on an Oklahoma highway.
Study finds even occasional use of popular sleep aid increases risk of car crashes.
After nearly a decade of decline, U.S. highway fatalities appear to be on the upswing again, according to new government data, with the death total climbing faster than at any time since 1975.
The nation's red and blue states often are miles apart in social attitudes and, of course, in political outlook.
New numbers are out saying speeding related crashes are on the rise nationwide. According to the Governors Highway Safety Association study, the number of traffic deaths caused by speeding is up 7 percent over the past decade.


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The last time that I decided to attend a concert by myself at the Crystal Ballroom in Portland, OR was back in 1999, when I saw an epic Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Flogging Molly show. I finally came to the conclusion that I really needed another show at the Ballroom while flying solo. November 10, 2011 was as good as time as any for that to happen and what better way to enjoy myself, than to attend a show put on by They Might Be Giants??? The venue is by far the best mid-sized venue in Portland and the fanciness of the décor is always a pleasure for me to gander at. Once I arrived at the venue, I saw the line starting at the door pre-show on Burnside street. I walked down to the corner to get in line and to my surprise, the crowd of TMBG fans wrapped around the block and actually ended on Burnside. I have never seen a line that stretched 3 blocks before at a mid-size venue show. The event was sold out, so I expected a line, but nothing like what I saw that night.
By the time I got inside the Ballroom, the venue was packed. The security was the most relaxed that I have ever seen for a show in downtown Portland. Cameras were also allowed, so I was able to get quite a bit of video footage of the show as well. Once inside the venue, I tried to find a decent spot to get video. That balcony (1%'ers), was packed and there were no good spots to hunker down to get good video footage, so I made my way down to the floor. The Ballroom floor was divided like I have never seen it before. They increased the size of the bar drastically and significantly reduced the floor area for underage people. The bar area was packed, so I made my way to a spot in the underage section, thinking that younger people would be shorter. I was wrong, I am guessing that the average height for people at the show was about 6'3", because I am 6'0" tall and I felt like a dwarf, which is obvious from my videos.
Jonathan Coulton opened that night. He actually put on a great show, though his set was very short, approximately 30 to 40 minutes in length. It was apparent that he had a decent handful of fans there, hence the huge line pre-doors and also because I heard a number of people singing his songs. It is not very often that I enjoy the opening band, but I would have to say that this guy was a great opener for TMBG. John Flansburgh even came out to the stage and sing a song with Coulton. Overall the crowd was still a bit mellow, probably saving thier energy for TMBG, but you could tell that excitement filled the air, like the ash after Mount St. Helen's eruption in 1980.
When They Might Be Giants hit the stage, the crowd erupted into cheers. John Linnell gave some love to Powell's Bookstore and the people in the audience went ape shit. Linnell made a good point, that only in Portland would people be overly aggressive in their excitement, when it comes to someone talking about books. Yes it is true, people were raging in cheers over the topic of books. It was a lot like when you put a group of rednecks in a field full of animals and tell them to go hunting. The difference is that people in Portland devour knowledge through the words they read and the rednecks don't get any smarter devouring the meat that they acquire from killing Bambi's mother.
They Might Be Giants, played a number of their big hitters, as well as some of their new songs. The energy level from the audience was through the roof. I personally was pumped to hear Istanbul (Not Constantinople) and Particle Man, since I have been dying to hear these songs live, ever since I first heard them on Tiny Toons, when I was little kid. They also played one of my faves, Birdhouse in Your Soul, which I have been a fan of for a long time as well. Seriously though, what TMBG fan is not in love with the songs from their album Flood?!?!? When the Ballroom got a special visit from the Avatars of They, I about pissed myself from internal laughing, since I was taping during that time. The Avatars were hilarious and they blessed us with one of their songs that TMBG stole from them and recorded without permission, Spoiler Alert.
At about mid-show, John Flansburgh gave a sales pitch to the crowd about the giant 6' tall posters that were for sale. These limited edition, hand done, silk screen posters on mid grade art paper, were of a picture of their latest album, Join Us. Flansburgh delivered a convincing sales pitch and notified the crowd that the posters are actually cheaper than a Dave Matthews Band concert shirt, which probably sealed the deal for many fans. During one part the show, TMBG divided the people on the floor into 2 groups. The underage section were called the "People" and the bar crowd were dubbed the "Apes". The remainder of the crowd in the balcony were labeled the 1%'ers and were asked to just watch the People vs. the Apes and not actually partake in the battle. When the band members on stage right started playing, the People would raise their fists into the air and chant "People, People, People…" and when the guys on stage left started to play, the Apes would do the same, but chant "Apes, Apes, Apes…". The battle was intense and in the end, Flansburgh announced that it was a tie… If you ask me though, I would tell you that the People rocked those Apes faces.
Overall this was definitely a special show that I will be sure to keep in my stash of good memories. Being on the Ballroom's floor is truly like dancing on air. I know this is true, since I have danced on air while under the influence of LSD before. The music was great and the show led to many good laughs. I will be sure to hit any They Might Be Giants shows that are in a 500 mile radius around Eugene, Oregon. The band sent us away with a triple encore! The last song of the night was their new single, When Will You Die?. Not sure if there was any better way to spend my night in Portland. This night was epic in almost every aspect. The only thing that could of made my night a bit better is if the venue wasn't so packed and that if the tall people stood in back, but I am not complaining.
s website


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Tour de France: Biking basics
Published: Jul 09 2013 11:41:42 PM EDT Updated On: Jul 16 2013 02:00:49 AM EDT
The Tour de France is currently taking place. Riding a bike is good for your health, is good for the environment and can just be fun. Here are a few things to know about cycling before hopping on a bike.


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If you have difficulty with the links in this e-mail, please visit the online edition at http://www.ncmahq.org/newspublications/cmnews.cfm?navItemNumber=9974.
|January 9, 2013
|What's New
|Thanks to our Sponsors:
One Week Left to Submit Your Paper to the Macfarlan Program—First Prize is $5,000!
World Congress 2013Call for Presentations
Interested in Joining the NCMA Board of Directors?
'Cliff' Deal Gives Defense a Reprieve
Agencies, Contractors Chafe at Cliff Deal's Uncertainty on Sequestration
Markets Rise, but Business Sees Mixed Chance in 'Cliff' Deal
CBO: 'Fiscal Cliff' Deal Carries $4 Trillion Price Tag Over Next Decade
Fiscal Compromise Sets Stage for New Year of Mini-Cliffs
Here's What's in the Fiscal Cliff Deal
House Approves 'Fiscal Cliff' Deal; Bill Headed to Obama's Desk
Pentagon Goes on an $8 Billion Year-End Technology Spending Spree
New GSA Travel Advisory Panel Will Review Per Diem Methodology
|Upcoming Events
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|In this Month's CM Magazine
Deja Vu All Over Again: The Return of A-76
Reverse Auctions: Creating Winners Through Acquisition Innovation
Acquisition Reform and the Golf Ball: Yet Another Update
|NCMA Educational Opportunities, Tools, and Resources
January 22: Capability Statements: The View from Both Sides of the TableEvaluating and Creating Capability Statements
February 7: IDIQ Contracts: The Life Cycle of Task and Delivery Orders in Today's Procurement Environment
February 21: Lowest-Price Technically Acceptable vs. Best Value Source Selection
March 7: FAR/DFARs Updates
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What makes NCMA's Education on Demand program great? The capability to tune in to the recordings of past NCMA webinars, virtual conferences, and annual conference sessions at your convenience. It's the best solution for getting yourself and your team acclimated as your schedule permits!
|Awards and Recognition
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Raising boys isn't for the faint of heart and I can tell you this from firsthand experience. There are some things I wish I'd known about raising all boys before I began this journey. Here are ten things I wish I knew:
#1. Boys are so Sweet
You always hear all of the negative things about raising boys, but you hardly ever hear the positive. I wish I knew how sweet boys are because I would have had ten more (just kidding).
#2. Boys Love Dirt
I don't know how many times I have to tell my sons to stop digging in the dirt. You let them outside for two minutes and they're covered in dirt. No one told me how dirty boys get.
#3. Boys Make Great Brothers
I can't imagine not having both of my boys because they make such great brothers. I honestly never knew how awesome having multiple boys could really be and the best part is that they impact my life on a daily basis. Continue reading »


text:
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Copyright © 2015 Danielle Voisin. All Rights Reserved. Content may not be copied, distributed, re-transmitted, or re-posted in any form without prior approval. Any quotes must include credit to the author including a link to the original source.
The information found on this site should not be considered to be medical advice. Any dietary or fitness decisions you make should be based solely on your evaluation of your personal health, wellness objectives, risk tolerance, and dietary needs. The author is not a registered medical practitioner and does not represent the information on this site as a recommendation for readers to adhere to the diets or fitness regimes under discussion. All information contained herein is believed to be accurate at the time the information is posted. However, it is possible that errors may exist on this site. The reader should conduct his or her own due diligence and not, under any circumstances, rely on any of the information presented on this site. All liability for the content of this website, including any omissions, inaccuracies, errors, or misstatements is expressly disclaimed. Always complete your own research and speak to your physician when considering a new diet or fitness activity.
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text:
Ecological Monographs
ISSN 0012-9615 Quarterly
Mission Statement: Papers published in Ecological Monographs will provide integrative and complete documentation of major empirical and theoretical advances in the field and will establish benchmarks from which future research will build. Justification for their length must be based on characteristics of the research, analysis, and presentation of results and not simply because they involve large data sets or long-duration studies.
*Impact Factor*
2013 Impact Factor: 7.107
Ranked 8th out of 140 journals in the Ecology category.
rev. 1/9/15


text:
Caleb Adrian Forbes
Johnson City police charged a 19-year-old jail inmate Thursday with stealing from a friend's north Johnson City residence last month.
Caleb Adrian Forbes, 187 Lakeview St., was charged with theft over $1,000.
Police said Forbes went to a north Johnson City residence to visit a friend Nov. 15 and removed several items from the home. Some of the item were later found in a bag belonging to Forbes.
Forbes was served with the warrant at the Washington County Detention Center, where he was already being held on unrelated charges.
His bond on the charge was $10,000, and a Sessions Court appearance was set for Friday.


text:
Awesome Arrabiatauser rating
You might be wondering why we think our Arrabiata Sauce is so great. Well, it's simple. It has less water. Of course, we could make it thick by adding starches and modifiers, but we don't, 'cause then you'd be gettin' a thick sauce without much flavor. Instead, we reduce our sauce slowly to get rid of the water, which concentrates the flavors and makes the sauce rich and sweet. In addition to the typical ingredients, we use Kalamata olives, anchovies, and porcini mushrooms. They add a rich, savory, earthy dimension. Available in a big 26-oz. jar.
About the Producer
Coupla Guys Foods
Chicago, IL
Website: http://www.couplaguys.com/
We are a specialty food manufacturer that makes eight products that we like to say is "The Best Stuff in the History of Stuff." Products include Awesome Arrabiata Sauce, Buoy Base, Creme de la Crimini Mushroom Sauce, Marvelous Marinara Sauce, Perfect Puttanesca Sauce, Sensational Seafood Sauce, Serious Sesame Sauce, and Terrific Tapenade.


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Ghonim is the man who used social media to move his homeland of Egypt a few long steps closer toward democracy and freedom. Organizing protesters against the regime of Hosni Mubarak, Ghonim helped spark a movement that ended Mubarak's reign and gave hope to millions of young Egyptians.
And he'll be telling it in person at 3 p.m. Saturday in the Art Institute of Chicago Rubloff Auditorium, 230 S. Columbus Drive, as part ofthe Chicago Tribune's Author Talks series.
"Now that so many people can easily connect with one another," Ghonim writes, "the world is less hospitable to authoritarian regimes. Humanity will always be cursed with power-hungry people, and the rule of law and justice will not automatically flourish in all places at all times. But thanks to modern technology, participatory democracy is becoming a reality."
Ghonim's book explores technology not only as a series of ever-sleeker gadgets, but also as a tool of transformation for engaged citizens. It constitutes a thoughtful yet passionate challenge to people anywhere who feel they lack a voice in their own lives: Look up, log on and go forth.
Tickets to Wael Ghonim's conversation with Julia Keller are $15. For information, visit tribnation.com/events


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These scrumptious White and Red Striped Tights are as sweet and refreshing as an after-dinner peppermint. Show off your cool taste in this 100% nylon costume accessory which is also perfect for a Christmas-themed Halloween costume. Add some more eye-candy with Red Eyelashes, sold separately.
maybe you will pine for Jack Skellington for the rest of your days but until then you can trick or treat with the best of them in this officially licensed Nightmare before Christmas Sally prestige infant's costume. The headpiece with attached yarn hair is so clever - be sure to take pictures!
Bring Tim Burton's surreal fantasy to life in this Nightmare Before Christmas Jack Skellington Prestige infant's costume. The snap-crotch jumpsuit is styled to look like a pin-stripe jacket and pants and the costume includes a character headpiece.
You'll be ready to sing hosannas when you see your child in this Angel infant costume. In the dress with a glittering tulle overlay and cinched bodice and matching wings, your little angel will look downright heavenly!


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|Edvard Munch: Self-Portrait after Spanish Influenza (1919)
(During recovery)
|Edvard Munch: Self-Portrait after Spanish Influenza (1919)
(Later in recovery)
|Worldwide HIV/AIDs Epidemic Statistics
(We are in the process of selling one home and buying another, while at work I just finished organizing a course on biosecurity for an international group. In the upcoming week I'm traveling to a conference in Washington. To say nothing of the Thanksgiving holiday. All this means short and scarce updates for a little while.)
We know that the immune response to HIV forces the virus to evolve at great speeds, so that the viral targets of the immune response change and become at least temporarily invisible. We also know that the specific targets are different for almost every infected person. So although you have rapid evolution in each individual, what does this mean to overall evolution of the global population of HIV?
The several dozen CTL epitopes we survey from HIV-1 gag, RT and nef reveal a relatively sedate rate of evolution with average rates of escape measured in years and reversion in decades. For many epitopes in HIV, occasional rapid within-host evolution is not reflected in fast evolution at the population level.1
(My emphasis) This is a modeling study (though it did look at real-life data to some extent), but their conclusion is consistent with larger-scale population studies as well; see my previous post here and links therein.
|RINDERPEST. Lips and gums, showing apthous condition1
1711 (via 1902):
Rinderpest is the most fatal disease affecting cattle. … The first great epizootic of which there seems to be records occurred about 1709 and spread over nearly all of the countries of Europe. It is reported that 1,500,000 cattle died from its effects during the years from 1711 to 1714. 2
1839 (via 1861):
Previously to the present century the only well recognized epizootics that are known to have prevailed extensively among horned cattle in Europe were the Eczema Epizootica, or "mouth and foot disease", a complaint well known in England since the year 1839, and the terrible Rinderpest or Steppe murrain.
This last named disease, which is described as being of the nature of a highly infections typhus fever, terminating in dysentary, is said to be indigenous to the Steppes of Tartary and Siberia, from whence it has descended, from time to time, upon Russia, Germany, and other European countries.
It has been estimated that during the eighteenth century the Rinderpest destroyed, in Europe, as many as two hundred millions of cattle.3
1865 (via 1880) :
In 1865 the plague appeared in Holland, and was carried thence to England. In both countries the disease carried off one hundred thousand head of cattle in the course of a few months.4
1889 (via 1909):
About the year 1889, or shortly before, a virulent form of rinderpest started among the domestic cattle and wild buffalo almost at the northern border of the buffalo's range, and within the next few years worked gradually southward to beyond the Zambesi. It wrought dreadful havoc among the cattle and in consequence decimated by starvation many of the cattle-owning tribes; it killed many of the large bovine antelopes, and it wellnigh exterminated the buffalo.5
14 October 2010, Rome – An ambitious global effort that has brought rinderpest, a deadly cattle plague, to the brink of extinction is ending all field activities, paving the way for official eradication of the disease.6
John Hawks1 has a long and very interesting post on the human mutation rate — not just the actual number (which turns out to be less well documented and much more slippery than I had realized), but the techniques used to calculate the rate, and difficulties therein.
So much of the literature in this area is ultimately circular, I'm pulling out my sparse hair reading through it. By the time we get back to the mid-1990's, the sequence data are even sparser than my hair by today's standards — only a few hundred base pairs, or a sampling of restriction sites. But the divergence time estimates have propagated forward from that time to today, recycled through the assumptions of papers in the intervening time. It's like the genetic equivalent of money laundering!
Conceptually, it's very reminiscent of the questions about viral mutation rates, although the technical barriers are quite different and (especially for RNA viruses!) the mutation rates are vastly different. For example, Hawks' post talks about which edge of a two-fold range the human mutation rate falls on — between 2.5 x 10-8 and 1.1 x 10-8 mutations per site; in a table I've used before we see a ten-thousand-fold range for poliovirus error rate estimates.
|RNA virus mutation rates 2
I have to get my kids ready for school now, so I don't have time to talk about the techniques here — it's notable that sequencing, though much easier on the tiny viral genomes than on the much vaster human scale, hasn't completely resolved the issue, though the variation gets smaller as sequencing technology gets getter.
Here are some of my previous posts that mention replication error and mutation rates …
|T cells (green) and herpesvirus-infected cells (red)
(from Akiko Iwasaki)
We know that lots of viruses, especially herpesviruses, block antigen presentation. The assumption has been that they are thereby preventing T cells from recognizing infected cells, though long-term readers of this blog1 will know that I've been puzzled about the details of this for quite a while.
A recent paper2 raises yet another complication for this pathway: In humans3 there are T cells that specifically recognize cells in which antigen presentation is blocked:
Our data indicate that the human CD8+ T cell pool comprises a diverse reactivity to target cells with impairments in the intracellular processing pathway2
If so, you might wonder why the viruses would bother blocking antigen presentation. They might avoid recognition by T cells specific for the viral proteins, but at the cost of being recognized and eliminated by the T cells that recognize antigen-presentation-defective cells.
As always, I don't have an answer. I do have the unhelpful observation that viruses are incredibly subtle and efficient, and given that herpesviruses have apparently maintained the ability to block antigen presentation for some 400 million years it's presumably useful to them. I'll also add the even more unhelpful observation that immune systems are also incredibly subtle and efficient and have also persisted for 450 million years.
However, there may be a clue in the techniques that Lampen et al used to turn up this subset of T cells: They used multiple rounds of stimulation, which is going to expand these cells massively. We don't know how abundant they are inside a normal human – perhaps they are so rare that they don't have a chance to impinge on herpesvirus infection early enough.
The catch with that, though, is that tumors also frequently get rid of antigen presentation via mutation; in fact, eliminating antigen presentation seems to be one of the most common forms of mutations in cancers, suggesting that it's an important part of their ability to survive and expand in the face of immune attack. Tumors are immunologically present much longer than viruses ((Although herpesviruses set up a lifelong infection, most of that is generally in a non-immunogenic, latent form). So why doesn't this long-term tumor presence lead to amplification of these antigen-presentation-deficient-specific T cells that would eliminate the tumor?
My guess here is that this is where TRegs come in. As I said in a recent post, TRegs are very commonly, if not universally, associated with tumors, and prevent immune attack on the tumor. I wonder if the tumors mutate to avoid T cell recognition early in their development, before they are able to trigger the TReg response; that allows them to grow large enough and long enough that by the time the presentation-defect-destroyers kick in, the tumors have their TReg defenders set up. (I admit that this doesn't account for the correlation between a tumor's loss of antigen presentation, and poor prognosis, but I leave this as an exercise for the reader.)
And, of course, where either of these defense systems for the proto-tumor fails, we normally would simply not see any tumor at all. Perhaps this is happening all the time inside us — proto-tumors are being eliminated by T cells, some are mutating their antigen presentation pathway and lasting a little longer and are then eliminated by a different subset of T cells, and we never know it.
I'm not finding time to give these papers a full post each, so let me pool together several in the same theme: MHC alleles and protection against pathogens.
It's generally accepted that the reason there are so many MHC alleles is related to their ability to protect against pathogens.1 The version is probably the frequency-dependent selection model. According to this, pathogens are selected to be resistant to common MHC alleles, so individuals with rare alleles have a selective advantage and those alleles become more common, until pathogens are selected for resistance to them in turn. (Described in more detail here.).
The particular steps in this concept are each fairly straightforward and reasonably well supported. We know that different MHC alleles can be more or less effective against pathogens; we see some instances of pathogens developing resistance to particular MHC alleles, and so on. But it's been quite difficult to put all the pieces together. The best examples of pathogens evolving resistance to MHC alleles, for instance, are within a single host, in the case of HIV. When we look at even this virus over a population instead, it's much harder to detect any particular adaptation to MHC (though there may be some).
The problem is (probably) that we're looking at a single frame of a movie. This is a dynamic process, as the pathogens and the individuals within a population co-evolve. It's hard to see fossil MHC alleles and just as hard to see fossil viral epitopes. The snapshot we see today may be at any point along the process – the pathogen may have the upper hand, the hosts may, or they may be perfectly balanced. (Also, of course, the host need to deal with thousands of pathogens, while each pathogen may focus on one or a handful of hosts. It would take a fairly assertive pathogen to single-handedly push a host population toward differential allele usage. The host's version of the movie frame would actually be a blur of a thousand frames from a thousand movies, each of which is shown at different speeds and with a different starting point, all overlapping and interacting with each other.)
So observations supporting the frequency-dependent model have been rather scarce; in fact, instances where MHC alleles differentially affect pathogens are themselves relatively scarce, and those are the starting points from which frequency-dependent selection arises. So I'm always intrigued when we learn of cases where there are specific resistance and susceptibility alleles of MHC for particular pathogens, in the wild, and in a population rather than an individual.
Here are some I've noticed in the past few weeks.
Koehler, R., Walsh, A., Saathoff, E., Tovanabutra, S., Arroyo, M., Currier, J., Maboko, L., Hoelsher, M., Robb, M., Michael, N., McCutchan, F., Kim, J., & Kijak, G. (2010). Class I HLA-A*7401 Is Associated with Protection from HIV-1 Acquisition and Disease Progression in Mbeya, Tanzania The Journal of Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1086/656913
Other MHC class I alleles have been shown to be protective against HIV, so this is mainly adding to the list; but it;s a shortish list, so any additions are interesting.
MacNamara, A., Rowan, A., Hilburn, S., Kadolsky, U., Fujiwara, H., Suemori, K., Yasukawa, M., Taylor, G., Bangham, C., & Asquith, B. (2010). HLA Class I Binding of HBZ Determines Outcome in HTLV-1 Infection PLoS Pathogens, 6 (9) DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001117
An attempt to link observed protective MHC alleles, with the mechanism of protection, concluding that being able to induce T cell recognition of a specific HTLV-1 protein is associated with protection. This is conceptually similar to the proposed mechanism by which [some] MHC alleles protect against HIV,2 where a specific peptide target can't mutate away from T cell recognition.
Appanna, R., Ponnampalavanar, S., Lum Chai See, L., & Sekaran, S. (2010). Susceptible and Protective HLA Class 1 Alleles against Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients in a Malaysian Population PLoS ONE, 5 (9) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013029
They identify MHC alleles that may be associated with protection against disease, and protection against severe disease. I'm a little uncomfortable with the relatively small number of patients involved here (less than 100), and would like to see it confirmed in a larger study.
Guivier, E., Galan, M., Male, P., Kallio, E., Voutilainen, L., Henttonen, H., Olsson, G., Lundkvist, A., Tersago, K., Augot, D., Cosson, J., & Charbonnel, N. (2010). Associations between MHC genes and Puumala virus infection in Myodes glareolus are detected in wild populations, but not from experimental infection data Journal of General Virology, 91 (10), 2507-2512 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.021600-0
We revealed significant genetic differentiation between PUUV-seronegative and -seropositive bank voles sampled in wild populations … Also, we found no significant associations between infection success and MHC alleles among laboratory-colonized bank voles, which is explained by a loss of genetic variability that occurred during the captivity of these voles.
The difference between wild and captive voles is reminiscent of the difficulty and confusion involved in MHC function in lab mice. In at least one set of experiments, it was necessary to have semi-feral mice before mechanisms could be teased apart.
|Confluent smallpox1
Vaccination against smallpox ended some 40 years ago. As the vaccinated population gets smaller and the susceptible population gets larger, at least one poxvirus is re-exploring the human population. Not smallpox, of course, but monkeypox, which is becoming dramatically more common in humans than it used to be.2
Monkeypox (which is actually primarily a rodent disease — the monkeys it's named after were also hapless aberrant hosts, like humans) is closely related to smallpox, and causes a very similar disease in humans — clinically virtually identical, they say (I haven't seen either myself, and hope I never will), though with a somwhat lower mortality rate. Of course, having a lower mortality rate than smallpox is not exactly high praise: Monkeypox is quite bad enough, with mortality rates of up to 10%.3
Vaccination against smallpox used (and still uses — I just got re-vaccinated a couple weeks ago) live vaccinia virus, which is yet another poxvirus that is similar enough to both smallpox and to monkeypox that it provides excellent protection against infection with either. People who were vaccinated against smallpox are still resistant to infection with monkeypox; but a large and growing population are too young to have received vaccinia, and those people are at least five times more likely to be infected with monkeypox.4 As a result, there's been a 20-fold increase in monkeypox infections in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and there has been at least one well-publicized case where the disease was shipped into the US in pet rodents.5
|Smallpox in California, 1919 (click for larger version)6
A recent paper, looking for animal models of monkeypox that accurately reflect the human situation (so that different vaccines and treatments can be tested) finds that cynomologous macaques [a species of monkey] are susceptible and have similar symptoms as humans:
Animals started to show clinical signs of disease, including decreased appetite and activity, by day 3. … By 6–8 days post-exposure, macules began to form in all animals and macaques were also inactive, somnolent, and exhibited depressed posture. … Lesions progressed to papules by day 10 and evolved to vesicular and pustular stages by 12–14 days post-exposure. … Two non-survivors had too many lesions to count (>2000).3
The lesions they talk about here (macules, papules, vesicles and pustules) are, of course, the titular small pox. Not many people today still remember the pox, so I've included some pictures from the good old days. You're welcome!
|"Hei, siudy, divchata, zhyvo!" (Poster advising vaccination against smallpox, ca. 1920)
I have as much respect for viruses' ability to manipulate their host as the next guy, and I'm probably more of a fan of viral immune evasion than that next guy. But I still do think that coincidences do happen.
A paper from John Trowsdale and colleagues1 shows that Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) destroys HFE, and they suggest that this is "a molecular mechanism targeted by KSHV to achieve a positive iron balance." Without dissing their observations (which are perfectly convincing) I'm not entirely convinced by their conclusion. Still, it's an interesting suggestion, and I'm keen to see some kind of followup to it.
The reason I'm not convinced is that this has the look of a spillover effect to me. We already know that KSHV attacks MHC class I molecules via its K3 and K5 molecules, and that it does so by targeting the cell-surface pool to lysosomes. This is a very familiar pattern; most, if not all, herpesviruses block MHC class I molecules. Although it's been hard to formally prove "why" herpesviruses do this,2 the general assumption is that this allows the virus to at least partially avoid recognition by T cells, and this lets the virus survive better — perhaps because it builds a larger population very early, or perhaps because it is able to last longer late, or whatever.
At any rate, there's a fairly simple and logical reason why it would make sense for KSHV to block MHC class I molecules, and as I say they do, in fact, do this. Now, why would they attack HFE? HFE is an iron-binding protein that's involved in the regulation of iron metabolism. Why would KSHV be interested in iron metabolism?
Quite a few pathogens are actually very concerned about iron metabolism, of course. Bacteria generally need iron for their metabolism,3 and pathogenic bacteria have evolved ways of grabbing iron away from their hosts (while their hosts have evolved way of holding on tighter and tighter to that iron). But in general viruses, as opposed to bacteria, don't have specific needs for iron. Trowsdale's group makes the argument — and offers some experimental evidence — that KSHV does in fact want iron. "KSHV presumably down-regulates HFE to affect iron homeostasis," they say, and "These results indicated an iron requirement for lytic KSHV and with the virus targeting HFE to satisfy this demand." However, I don't think they really show this directly; they show that there are changes in iron receptors in the presence of KSHV, but as far as I can see they don't show that the presence or absence of iron actually affects the virus in any way.
|HFE heavy chain (red) complexed with beta-2 microblogulin (blue)
|HLA-A2 (classical MHC class I) heavy chain (red) complexed with beta-2 microblogulin (blue) and a peptide (green)
So let's say KSHV doesn't really care about iron per se. Why is the virus attacking this iron receptor, then? To me, the simpler solution is that it's just a side effect of the virus attack on MHC class I, because HFE is in fact an MHC class I molecule.4 Not all MHC class I molecules are involved in immunity, and HFE is the classic counterexample, an MHC class I molecule that has a clear non-immune role. 5
Even though HFE has a different role, it has a very similar structure to the classical MHC class I molecules — see the images to the right (click for larger versions), and for more comparisons see my post from a couple of years ago, "MHC Molecules: The Sitcom". It doesn't have the peptide bound in the top groove (green in the HLA-A2 complex here) that classical MHC class I molecules use to provide specific signals to T cells, but it's very similar. It's plausible — at least to me — that the virus doesn't care in the least about iron metabolism, but is just attacking everything on the cell surface that looks like an MHC class I molecule, and HFE is getting caught in the covering fire.
Interestingly, though, this isn't the first time this has been proposed. A few years ago a paper from Drakesmith et al proposed pretty much the same model for HIV, via the HIV immune evasion molecule nef. Nef downregulates a large number of immune-related molecules, and also downregulates HFE. Drakesmith et al, like Trowsdale's group, argue that this is "deliberate", and that the modified iron metabolism directly benefits HIV;6 but I don't know if that's been followed up (Trowsdale's paper, surprisingly, doesn't cite Drakesmith et al).
I'm open to the idea that viruses do "want" to tweak iron metabolism, because that would be pretty cool, but so far I'm leaning to notion that HFE is just an accidental victim of the viral war on immunity.
|"Adenovirus" (by Mapposity)
There are two aspects about virology that constantly amaze me: How much we know about viruses, and how little we know about viruses.
Adenovirus research offers examples of both. Adenoviruses are probably among the best-studied virus groups.1 We really do know an amazing amount about them. But it was only last year that Linda Gooding's group offered the most convincing demonstration yet that adenoviruses actually establish a truly latent infection — a really basic aspect of their lifestyle, 2 and a new paper from her group3 is looking at some equally-basic implications of that finding. (I talked about Gooding's earlier latency finding here.)
It's been known pretty much since day 1 that adenoviruses persistently infect tonsils;4 that was why they were first isolated, when the virus grew out of apparently-normal tonsil tissue in culture. The critical distinction is between mere "persistence" and true "latency". In a latent infection, the virus shuts down production of new viruses, and is maintained basically as DNA within the host cell. Persistence is cruder — the virus continues to replicate, but at a low level that balances its destruction. Simplistically, latency is a destruction-free process, while persistence can include viral and cellular destruction.
Adenoviruses establish their latency in tonsils, which of course have lots of lymphocytes, but we usually think of adenoviruses as infecting epithelial-type cells, or hepatocytes, or whatever. Clinically, these guys typically cause cold-type symptoms, which you tend to get from fairly superficial infections of the respiratory tract lining. We don't tend to think of adenoviruses as effective infectors of lymphocytes, but it turned out that their latent infection was, in fact, in T lymphocytes. It looks like adenoviruses have one cell type (epithelial-type cells) for a lytic infection that leads to shedding of infectious virus, and another cell type for latent infection, allowing the virus to remain in the host and potentially re-infect an epithelial type later on.
Accordingly, Gooding and her team set up infections of cultured T lymphocytes in vitro, to see what would happen. In particular, they wanted to know whether, and how, the viral replication cycle would be controlled; and whether and how the host cell would be affected by the infection. I will skip over most of their findings and and highlight a couple that surprised me:
(1) The "Occupied!" sign. To get into a cell, adenoviruses usually need to bind to their cellular receptor, the CAR receptor.5 But latently-infected cells almost permanently shut off this receptor. For hundreds of days after the initial infection, cells express little or no CAR. The latent virus doesn't want any competition; it has found a congenial long-term environment, and it doesn't want some interloper infecting its cozy cell and perhaps destroying it.
There seem to be several mechanisms for the shutdown, but at least part of it is that the virus apparently permanently modifies the host DNA:
CAR synthesis and expression remained repressed even after the viral genome was lost (Fig. 8 and data not shown), suggesting a virus-induced epigenetic change to the cells that does not require the continued presence of the virus.3
And in fact the CAR isn't the only thing to be modified for this purpose:
Even when CAR levels were restored by transduction with a CAR-containing retrovirus, the previously infected cells could not be reinfected3
We don't know how the latent viruses were blocking superinfection, but it's clear that the latent viruses really don't want company.
(2) Rearranging the furniture. The latent virus doesn't stop at hanging an "occupied" sign; it modifies its host cell in other ways as well, apparently again by long-term or even permanent epigenetic modification of the DNA. That means that even after the virus itself is altogether gone, not even latently present, there are modified cells hanging about:
Remembering that adenoviruses infect just about everyone, that may mean that we're all walking around carrying cells that are tagged and functionally altered by these viruses.
There's been speculation for many years that adenovirus infection may underlie some forms of human tumors. One argument against this has been that there's no evidence of adenovirus DNA in tumors, for the most part.6 (One rule of thumb in determining if a virus is actually causing a tumor is if it's actually present in the tumor.) But of course, if adenoviruses leave a permanent scar on cellular DNA that lasts longer than the virus itself, this may not be relevant:
One compelling reason to gain an understanding of this nonlytic infection is the likelihood that adenovirus gene products cause damage to the host cell genome. … While these functions are irrelevant to the lytic infection of epithelial cells where all infected cells die, they are of serious concern when infected lymphocytes have carried the viral genome and survived. … Despite this normal appearance, the cells display altered gene expression long after the virus is lost.3
|Rosy Apple Aphid (Whalon lab, MSU)
Normally I don't talk about research that's well covered elsewhere, but I like this one so much (and it links back to so many of my earlier posts; check the footnotes for those links) that I'll make an exception here. I'd seen bits and pieces of this story, but I didn't have the big picture until I listened to Carl Zimmer's1 latest Meet The Scientist podcast2 where he interviewed Nancy Moran.3
So this is kind of about insect immunity. Insects have lots of innate immune responses, the short-term sorts of things that in vertebrates we call 'inflammation', but they don't have the long-term adaptive responses 4 that incorporate antibodies and T cells — those systems arose in sharks and their progeny (and, apparently mostly independently, in lampreys and hagfish,5 but that's a different story).
The hallmark of adaptive immunity, in contrast to innate immunity, is its flexibility: Different responses for different agents, and capable of changing as the target changes. So insects can't do that, although of course their immune system has worked pretty well for a few hundred million years.
Except aphids have a sort of changable immune response. How does that work?
|Parasitic wasp laying eggs in an aphid
(from University of Wisconsin)
This is an immune response, not to bacteria or viruses, but to parasitic wasps. Aphids are popular targets for some of these wasps: The wasps lay eggs in the aphid, the eggs hatch into baby wasps, and the baby wasps eat the aphids from the inside out until they kill the aphid and then they fly away to predate some more. Except in some aphids, the baby wasps are killed as they hatch, and the aphids survives to make more aphids.
And this immunity to the wasps is — on a population basis, not an individual basis — rather flexible. Insects in general are good at evolving toxin resistance over years or decades, but aphids have apparently been doing this over millions of years. It turns out that different aphids kill the baby wasps in different ways, using different toxins to do so, and the toxins change over time as well. So the wasps can't develop resistance to the toxins. It's a little bit — a very little bit — like an adaptive immune system, at least in broad terms.
Not all aphids are immune at all (or there would be no wasps). You can take susceptible aphids and make them resistant, though. You just have to infect them with a particular bacterium. This is a symbiotic6 bacterium, that only lives in aphids — it's dependent on the aphid host to provide it with essential nutrients — and these bacteria carry toxin genes. They help their host survive by providing toxin genes, that kill the wasps that parasitize the hosts the bacteria are symbiotic with.
But not so fast! The bacteria don't naturally have toxins! The toxins come from parasites of the bacteria! There are bacteriophages, viruses that infect the bacteria, that carry the toxins. When the viruses parasitize the bacteria that are parasitizing the aphids, then the parasitic wasps can't parasitize the aphids that are hosting the bacteria that are hosting the viruses!
And if you look at the bacteriophages as a population, they have a section of their genome that is highly diverse. That part is the region that carries the toxin. Different phages, different toxins, that can spread to new bacteria and then to new aphids, so the aphids can have a supply of new toxins to take care of newly-resistant wasps.
Just to make this even more complex, you know how the wasps subdue their prey? They inject in a complex mix of toxins that shut down the insect immune system. Guess where those toxins come from?7 From the symbiotic viruses8 that the wasps have incorporated into their own genomes millions of years ago, that carry immune evasion genes that the wasps have adapted to use to subdue the aphids that carry the bacteria that carry the viruses that provide the toxins that protect the aphids against the wasps that carry their own viruses to attack the aphids.