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Classic Volcom style
By MurseJosh
from Morgan Hill, CA
About Me Casual Dresser
Comments about Volcom Stealth Bomber Jacket - Women's:
I bought this jacket as a gift for my wife and she loves it. She wanted a warm, "cute" jacket that she could layer with or throw on over a t-shirt. She wears if often and it looks great on her.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Stylish, affordable, warm, PERFECT <3
By Sarbear
from Northeast, USA
If your looking for a casual yet stylish lightweight jacket that also keeps you nice and toasty, you've come to the right place! Affordable, especially when you compare to simlilar jackets. Very comfortable, and a lot warmer than even a lined hoodie, this is my go-to jacket in the cold seasons, which is great because it looks awesome. The only thing I would have liked to know before I bought is that the collar and about 5-6 inches in the jacket, and along down the zipper are wool lined, not saying it is bad, though! The wool does feel very very soft. One bad thing, I must confess, is that, at least on the jacket I recieved, the snap button on the front pockets pops off in the wrong place sometimes and breaks. It is very very easy to fix, though, I just pop it back on, and everything is alright.
LOVE this jacket :)
By Katie
from Nampa ID
I use it as a regular jacket--its warm and comfortable. Doesnt make you sweat more than usual and its not itchy like regular wool. Its too bad that its dry-clean only because I cant simply wash it if it gets dirty or smelly.
Great fall coat
By Lboogie
from Portland, OR
Good quality. Warm and fits well.
By Punk Rock Mom
from Seattle, WA
I was looking for a casual every day jacket for awhile but was having trouble finding one that I could see wearing every day. I wanted something to take the chill off a little better than a sweatshirt but not too heavy so once summer hit I couldn't wear it anymore at night. I found that in this coat! Love it! Fits well, it's cute, keeps me warm but not too warm. The sleeves are a on the longer side, but I actually enjoy that style so I was happy to find that out when I unpacked it. I love that the outside extra pockets are real! So many juniors/womens coats have fake pockets and I don't see the point in that. I get complimented on it pretty frequently. The only thing that kept me from giving it all 5 stars, is about a week after I got it one of the seems on the liner on top of the shoulder popped. But admittadly I was carrying my 2 year old on my hip and loading groceries in the car so I was putting a lot of stress on the shoulder seems. Was an easy fix though. After awhile the faux fur on the collar is starting to mat down and the edges are showing the backing to the fabric, but you really have to look to even notice it. To me, those things aren't a big deal. All in all I Love it love it love it!


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TODAY Anchors to Host 'Friday Field Trips' Across U.S. Throughout February
|Related Links
|CBS News Original Broadcasts Post Strong TV Year-to-Date Performances
June 26, 2015
|Related: THE TODAY SHOW, NBC
This February, the TODAY show anchors will be leaving the Big Apple behind for surprise Friday field trips. Each week, two members of the TODAY show team will travel to a new city to broadcast special split editions of the show. Each Monday in February, TODAY will announce which anchors will be packing their bags, and where they will end up.
This week, it's a double whammy. Al Roker and Natalie Morales will visit two cities on Friday, February 1, San Francisco and Baltimore, the homes of the Super Bowl rival teams. Roker will pre-game with 49ers fans in San Francisco and Morales will celebrate with Ravens fans in Baltimore as both teams get ready for the big game.
Roker and Morales also have some skin in the game. The anchor who visits the losing team's city will have to dress up as the winning team's mascot live on TODAY, Monday, February 4. Depending on the outcome, it could be a raven for Roker, or a miner for Morales.
Viewers are encouraged to tune in to TODAY each Monday in February to find out if a TODAY show anchor will wind up in their neck of the woods.
Don Nash is the executive producer of "Today" (Monday-Friday, 7-11 a.m.). Mary Alice O'Rourke is the special events producer of "Today's Friday Field Trips."
About Author
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
In economics Keynesian economics (also Keynesianism and Keynesian Theory), is based on the ideas of twentieth-century British economist John Maynard Keynes. The state, according to Keynesian economics, can stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector - through, for example, interest rates, taxation and public projects.
The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936.
In Keynes's theory, some micro-level actions of individuals and firms can lead to aggregate macroeconomic outcomes in which the economy operates below its potential output and growth. Many classical economists had believed in Say's Law, that supply creates its own demand, so that a "general glut" would therefore be impossible. Keynes contended that aggregate demand for goods might be insufficient during economic downturns, leading to unnecessarily high unemployment and losses of potential output. Keynes argued that government policies could be used to increase aggregate demand, thus increasing economic activity and reducing high unemployment and deflation. Keynes's macroeconomic theories were a response to mass unemployment in 1920s Britain and in 1930s America.
Keynes argued that the solution to depression was to stimulate the economy ("inducement to invest") through some combination of two approaches :
A central conclusion of Keynesian economics is that in some situations, no strong automatic mechanism moves output and employment towards full employment levels. This conclusion conflicts with economic approaches that assume a general tendency towards an equilibrium. In the 'neoclassical synthesis', which combines Keynesian macro concepts with a micro foundation, the conditions of General equilibrium allow for price adjustment to achieve this goal.
The New classical macroeconomics movement, which began in the late 1960s and early 1970s, criticized Keynesian theories, while New Keynesian economics have sought to base Keynes's idea on more rigorous theoretical foundations.
More broadly, Keynes saw his as a general theory, in which utilization of resources could be high or low, whereas previous economics focused on the particular case of full utilization.
Keynes sought to distinguish his theories from "classical economics," by which he meant the economic theories of David Ricardo and his followers, including John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall, F.Y. Edgeworth, and A. Cecil Pigou. A central tenet of the classical view, known as Say's law, states that "supply creates its own demand." Say's Law can be interpreted in two ways. First, the claim that the total value of output is equal to the sum of income earned in production is a result of a national income accounting identity, and is therefore indisputable. A second and stronger claim, however, that the "costs of output are always covered in the aggregate by the sale-proceeds resulting from demand" depends on how consumption and saving are linked to production and investment. In particular, Keynes argued that the second, strong form of Say's Law only holds if increases in individual savings exactly match an increase in aggregate investment. (cf. General Theory, Ch.1,2)
Keynes sought to develop a theory that would explain determinants of saving, consumption, investment and production. In that theory, the interaction of aggregate demand and aggregate supply determines the level of output and employment in the economy.
Because of what he considered the failure of the "Classical Theory" in the 1930s, Keynes firmly objects its main theory--adjustments in prices would automatically make demand tend to the full employment level.
Neo-classical theory supports that the two main costs that shift demand and supply are labor and money. Through the distribution of the monetary policy, demand and supply can be adjusted. If there were more labor than demand for it, wages would fall until hiring began again. If there was too much saving, and not enough consumption, then interest rates would fall until people either cut their savings rate or started borrowing.
To Keynes, the determination of wages is more complicated. First, he argued that it is not real but nominal wages that are set in negotiations between employers and workers, as opposed to a barter relationship. First, nominal wage cuts would be difficult to put into effect because of laws and wage contracts. Even classical economists admitted that these exist; unlike Keynes, they advocated abolishing minimum wages, unions, and long-term contracts, increasing labor-market flexibility. However, to Keynes, people will resist nominal wage reductions, even without unions, until they see other wages falling and a general fall of prices.
He also argued that to boost employment, real wages had to go down: nominal wages would have to fall more than prices. However, doing so would reduce consumer demand, so that the aggregate demand for goods would drop. This would in turn reduce business sales revenues and expected profits. Investment in new plants and equipment—perhaps already discouraged by previous excesses—would then become more risky, less likely. Instead of raising business expectations, wage cuts could make matters much worse.
Further, if wages and prices were falling, people would start to expect them to fall. This could make the economy spiral downward as those who had money would simply wait as falling prices made it more valuable—rather than spending. As Irving Fisher argued in 1933, in his Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions, deflation (falling prices) can make a depression deeper as falling prices and wages made pre-existing nominal debts more valuable in real terms.
The classical economists argued that interest rates would fall due to the excess supply of "loanable funds". The first diagram, adapted from the only graph in The General Theory, shows this process. (For simplicity, other sources of the demand for or supply of funds are ignored here.) Assume that fixed investment in capital goods falls from "old I" to "new I" (step a). Second (step b), the resulting excess of saving causes interest-rate cuts, abolishing the excess supply: so again we have saving (S) equal to investment. The interest-rate fall prevents that of production and employment.
Keynes had a complex argument against this laissez-faire response. The graph below summarizes his argument, assuming again that fixed investment falls (step A). First, saving does not fall much as interest rates fall, since the income and substitution effects of falling rates go in conflicting directions. Second, since planned fixed investment in plant and equipment is mostly based on long-term expectations of future profitability, that spending does not rise much as interest rates fall. So S and I are drawn as steep (inelastic) in the graph. Given the inelasticity of both demand and supply, a large interest-rate fall is needed to close the saving/investment gap. As drawn, this requires a negative interest rate at equilibrium (where the new I line would intersect the old S line). However, this negative interest rate is not necessary to Keynes's argument.Third, Keynes argued that saving and investment are not the main determinants of interest rates, especially in the short run. Instead, the supply of and the demand for the stock of money determine interest rates in the short run. (This is not drawn in the graph.) Neither change quickly in response to excessive saving to allow fast interest-rate adjustment.
Finally, because of fear of capital losses on assets besides money, Keynes suggested that there may be a "liquidity trap" setting a floor under which interest rates cannot fall. (In this trap, bond-holders, fearing rises in interest rates (because rates are so low), fear capital losses on their bonds and thus try to sell them to attain money (liquidity).) Even economists who reject this liquidity trap now realize that nominal interest rates cannot fall below zero (or slightly higher). In the diagram, the equilibrium suggested by the new I line and the old S line cannot be reached, so that excess saving persists. Some (such as Paul Krugman) see this latter kind of liquidity trap as prevailing in Japan in the 1990s.
Even if this "trap" does not exist, there is a fourth element to Keynes's critique (perhaps the most important part). Saving involves not spending all of one's income. It thus means insufficient demand for business output, unless it is balanced by other sources of demand, such as fixed investment. Thus, excessive saving corresponds to an unwanted accumulation of inventories, or what classical economists called a general glut This pile-up of unsold goods and materials encourages businesses to decrease both production and employment. This in turn lowers people's incomes—and saving, causing a leftward shift in the S line in the diagram (step B). For Keynes, the fall in income did most of the job by ending excessive saving and allowing the loanable funds market to attain equilibrium. Instead of interest-rate adjustment solving the problem, a recession does so. Thus in the diagram, the interest-rate change is small.
Whereas the classical economists assumed that the level of output and income was constant and given at any one time (except for short-lived deviations), Keynes saw this as the key variable that adjusted to equate saving and investment.
Finally, a recession undermines the business incentive to engage in fixed investment. With falling incomes and demand for products, the desired demand for factories and equipment (not to mention housing) will fall. This accelerator effect would shift the I line to the left again, a change not shown in the diagram above. This recreates the problem of excessive saving and encourages the recession to continue.
In sum, to Keynes there is interaction between excess supplies in different markets, as unemployment in labor markets encourages excessive saving—and vice-versa. Rather than prices adjusting to attain equilibrium, the main story is one of quantity adjustment allowing recessions and possible attainment of underemployment equilibrium.
As noted, the classicals wanted to balance the government budget. To Keynes, this would exacerbate the underlying problem: following either policy would raise saving (broadly defined) and thus lower the demand for both products and labor. For example, Keynesians see Herbert Hoover's June 1932 tax increase as making the Depression worse .
Keynes's ideas influenced Franklin D. Roosevelt's view that insufficient buying-power caused the Depression. During his presidency, Roosevelt adopted some aspects of Keynesian economics, especially after 1937, when, in the depths of the Depression, the United States suffered from recession yet again following fiscal contraction. Something similar to Keynesian expansionary policies had been applied earlier by both social-democratic Sweden, and Nazi Germany . But to many the true success of Keynesian policy can be seen at the onset of World War II, which provided a kick to the world economy, removed uncertainty, and forced the rebuilding of destroyed capital. Keynesian ideas became almost official in social-democratic Europe after the war and in the U.S. in the 1960s.
Keynes's theory suggested that active government policy could be effective in managing the economy. Rather than seeing unbalanced government budgets as wrong, Keynes advocated what has been called countercyclical fiscal policies, that is policies which acted against the tide of the business cycle: deficit spending when a nation's economy suffers from recession or when recovery is long-delayed and unemployment is persistently high—and the suppression of inflation in boom times by either increasing taxes or cutting back on government outlays. He argued that governments should solve problems in the short run rather than waiting for market forces to do it in the long run, because "in the long run, we are all dead."
This contrasted with the classical and neoclassical economic analysis of fiscal policy. Fiscal stimulus (deficit spending) could actuate production. But to these schools, there was no reason to believe that this stimulation would outrun the side-effects that "crowd out" private investment: first, it would increase the demand for labor and raise wages, hurting profitability; Second, a government deficit increases the stock of government bonds, reducing their market price and encouraging high interest rates, making it more expensive for business to finance fixed investment. Thus, efforts to stimulate the economy would be self-defeating.
The Keynesian response is that such fiscal policy is only appropriate when unemployment is persistently high, above what is now termed the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment, or "NAIRU". In that case, crowding out is minimal. Further, private investment can be "crowded in": fiscal stimulus raises the market for business output, raising cash flow and profitability, spurring business optimism. To Keynes, this accelerator effect meant that government and business could be complements rather than substitutes in this situation. Second, as the stimulus occurs, gross domestic product rises, raising the amount of saving, helping to finance the increase in fixed investment. Finally, government outlays need not always be wasteful: government investment in public goods that will not be provided by profit-seekers will encourage the private sector's growth. That is, government spending on such things as basic research, public health, education, and infrastructure could help the long-term growth of potential output.
Invoking public choice theory, classical and neoclassical economists doubt that the government will ever be this beneficial and suggest that its policies will typically be dominated by special interest groups, including the government bureaucracy. Thus, they use their political theory to reject Keynes' economic theory.
A Keynesian economist might point out that classical and neoclassical theory does not explain why firms acting as "special interests" to influence government policy are assumed to produce a negative outcome, while those same firms acting with the same motivations outside of the government are supposed to produce positive outcomes.
In Keynes' theory, there must be significant slack in the labor market before fiscal expansion is justified. Both conservative and some neoliberal economists question this assumption, unless labor unions or the government "meddle" in the free market, creating persistent supply-side or classical unemployment. Their solution is to increase labor-market flexibility, e.g., by cutting wages, busting unions, and deregulating business.
Deficit spending is not Keynesianism. Governments had long used deficits to finance wars. Keynesianism recommends counter-cyclical policies to smooth out fluctuations in the business cycle. For example, raising taxes to cool the economy and to prevent inflation when there is abundant demand-side growth, and engaging in deficit spending on labor-intensive infrastructure projects to stimulate employment and stabilize wages during economic downturns. Classical economics, on the other hand, argues that one should cut taxes when there are budget surpluses, and cut spending—or, less likely, increase taxes—during economic downturns. Keynesian economists believe that adding to profits and incomes during boom cycles through tax cuts, and removing income and profits from the economy through cuts in spending and/or increased taxes during downturns, tends to exacerbate the negative effects of the business cycle.
Two aspects of Keynes' model had implications for policy:
First, there is the "Keynesian multiplier", first developed by Richard F. Kahn in 1931. Exogenous increases in spending, such as an increase in government outlays, increases total spending by a multiple of that increase. A government could stimulate a great deal of new production with a modest outlay if:
This process continues. At each step, the increase in spending is smaller than in the previous step, so that the multiplier process tapers off and allows the attainment of an equilibrium. This story is modified and moderated if we move beyond a "closed economy" and bring in the role of taxation: the rise in imports and tax payments at each step reduces the amount of induced consumer spending and the size of the multiplier effect.
Second, Keynes re-analyzed the effect of the interest rate on investment. In the classical model, the supply of funds (saving) determined the amount of fixed business investment. That is, since all savings was placed in banks, and all business investors in need of borrowed funds went to banks, the amount of savings determined the amount that was available to invest. To Keynes, the amount of investment was determined independently by long-term profit expectations and, to a lesser extent, the interest rate. The latter opens the possibility of regulating the economy through money supply changes, via monetary policy. Under conditions such as the Great Depression, Keynes argued that this approach would be relatively ineffective compared to fiscal policy. But during more "normal" times, monetary expansion can stimulate the economy, mostly by encouraging construction of new housing.
Keynesians and redistributionists tend to associate with each other. Keynes, in the twenties, wrote about a hydro-electric project. In his opinion it would have been better if the rewards of the project had gone to the worker-builders rather than to the investors who had financed the project.
Keynesians believe that fiscal policy should be directed towards the lower-income segment of the population, because that segment is more likely to spend the money, contributing to demand, than to save it.
After Keynes, Keynesian analysis was combined with neoclassical economics to produce what is generally termed the "neoclassical synthesis" which dominates mainstream macroeconomic thought. Though it was widely held that there was no strong automatic tendency to full employment, many believed that if government policy were used to ensure it, the economy would behave as classical or neoclassical theory predicted.
In the post-WWII years, Keynes's policy ideas were widely accepted. For the first time, governments prepared good quality economic statistics on an ongoing basis and had a theory that told them what to do. In this era of new liberalism and social democracy, most western capitalist countries enjoyed low, stable unemployment and modest inflation.
It was with John Hicks that Keynesian economics produced a clear model which policy-makers could use to attempt to understand and control economic activity. This model, the IS-LM model is nearly as influential as Keynes' original analysis in determining actual policy and economics education. It relates aggregate demand and employment to three exogenous quantities, i.e., the amount of money in circulation, the government budget, and the state of business expectations. This model was very popular with economists after World War II because it could be understood in terms of general equilibrium theory. This encouraged a much more static vision of macroeconomics than that described above.
The second main part of a Keynesian policy-maker's theoretical apparatus was the Phillips curve. This curve, which was more of an empirical observation than a theory, indicated that increased employment, and decreased unemployment, implied increased inflation. Keynes had only predicted that falling unemployment would cause a higher price, not a higher inflation rate. Thus, the economist could use the IS-LM model to predict, for example, that an increase in the money supply would raise output and employment—and then use the Phillips curve to predict an increase in inflation.
Through the 1950s, moderate degrees of government demand leading industrial development, and use of fiscal and monetary counter-cyclical policies continued, and reached a peak in the "go go" 1960s, where it seemed to many Keynesians that prosperity was now permanent. However, with the oil shock of 1973, and the economic problems of the 1970s, modern liberal economics began to fall out of favor. During this time, many economies experienced high and rising unemployment, coupled with high and rising inflation, contradicting the Phillips curve's prediction. This stagflation meant that the simultaneous application of expansionary (anti-recession) and contractionary (anti-inflation) policies appeared to be necessary, a clear impossibility. This dilemma led to the end of the Keynesian near-consensus of the 1960s, and the rise throughout the 1970s of ideas based upon more classical analysis, including monetarism, supply-side economics and new classical economics. At the same time Keynesians began during the period to reorganize their thinking (some becoming associated with New Keynesian economics); one strategy, utilized also as a critique of the notably high unemployment and potentially disappointing GNP growth rates associated with the latter two theories by the mid-1980s, was to emphasize low unemployment and maximal economic growth at the cost of somewhat higher inflation (its consequences kept in check by indexing and other methods, and its overall rate kept lower and steadier by such potential policies as Martin Weitzman's share economy).
The impact of Keynesianism can be seen by the wave of economists who have based their analysis on a criticism of Keynesianism.
One school began in the late 1940s with Milton Friedman. Instead of rejecting macro-measurements and macro-models of the economy, the monetarist school embraced the techniques of treating the entire economy as having a supply and demand equilibrium. However, they regarded inflation as solely being due to the variations in the money supply, rather than as being a consequence of aggregate demand. They argued that the "crowding out" effects discussed above would hobble or deprive fiscal policy of its positive effect. Instead, the focus should be on monetary policy, which was largely ignored by early Keynesians.
Monetarism had an ideological as well as a practical appeal: monetary policy does not, at least on the surface, imply as much government intervention in the economy as other measures. The monetarist critique pushed Keynesians toward a more balanced view of monetary policy, and inspired a wave of revisions to Keynesian theory.
Another influential school of thought was based on the Lucas critique of Keynesian economics. This called for greater consistency with microeconomic theory and rationality, and particularly emphasized the idea of rational expectations. Lucas and others argued that Keynesian economics required remarkably foolish and short-sighted behavior from people, which totally contradicted the economic understanding of their behavior at a micro level. New classical economics introduced a set of macroeconomic theories which were based on optimising microeconomic behavior, for instance real business cycles.
Keynesian ideas were criticized by free market economist and philosopher Friedrich Hayek. Hayek's most famous work The Road to Serfdom, was written in 1944. Hayek taught at the London School of Economics from 1931 to 1950. Hayek criticized Keynesian economic policies for what he called their fundamentally collectivist approach, arguing that such theories, no matter their presumptively utilitarian intentions, require centralized planning, which Hayek argued leads to totalitarian abuses. Keynes seems to have noted this concern, since, in the foreword to the German version of the 'The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money', he declared that "the theory of aggregated production, which is the point of ['The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money'], nevertheless can be much easier adapted to the conditions of a totalitarian state [eines totalen Staates] than the theory of production and distribution of a given production put forth under conditions of free competition and a large degree of laissez-faire."
Another criticism leveled by Hayek against Keynes was that the study of the economy by the relations between aggregates is fallacious, and that recessions are caused by micro-economic factors. Hayek claimed that what starts as temporary governmental fixes usually become permanent and expanding government programs, which stifle the private sector and civil society. Keynes himself described the critique as "deeply moving", which was quoted on the cover of the Road to Serfdom.
Beginning in the late 1950s New Classical Macroeconomists began to disagree with the methodology employed by Keynes and his successors. Keynesians emphasized the dependence of consumption on disposable income and, also, of investment on current profits and current cash flow. In addition Keynes posited a Phillips curve that tied nominal wage inflation to unemployment rate. To buttress these theories Keynesians typically traced the logical foundations of their model (using introspection) and buttressed their assumptions with statistical evidence. New Classical theorists demanded that Macroeconomic be grounded on the same foundations as Microeconomic theory, profit-maximizing firms and utility maximizing consumers.
The result of this shift in methodology produced several important divergences from Keynesian Macro economics:
The heart of the 'new Keynesian' view rests on microeconomic models that indicate that nominal wages and prices are "sticky," i.e., do not change easily or quickly with changes in supply and demand, so that quantity adjustment prevails. This is a practice which, according to economist Paul Krugman "never works in theory, but works beautifully in practice." This integration is further spurred by the work of other economists which questions rational decision-making in a perfect information environment as a necessity for micro-economic theory. Imperfect decision making such as that investigated by Joseph Stiglitz underlines the importance of management of risk in the economy.
Over time, many macroeconomists have returned to the IS-LM model and the Phillips Curve as a first approximation of how an economy works. New versions of the Phillips Curve, such as the "Triangle Model", allow for stagflation, since the curve can shift due to supply shocks or changes in built-in inflation. In the 1990s, the original ideas of "full employment" had been modified by the NAIRU doctrine, sometimes called the "natural rate of unemployment." NAIRU advocates suggest restraint in combating unemployment, in case accelerating inflation should result. However, it is unclear exactly what the value of the NAIRU should be—or whether it even exists.


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An early, superior variety for home garden; very sure-heading with large, firm, pure white heads of delicate flavor. Low in fat content and a good source of vitamins A and C. Cool weather crop. This packet will plant approximately a 100 foot row. USDA Certified Organic.
Sow outdoors by placing 2 seeds together every 2 feet in row. Thin to one plant every 2 feet when plants are 1 inch tall. Note: When heads are 2-3 inches across, blanch by tying outer leaves over the heads. Harvest in about 2 weeks.
Ferry-Morse Seeds have been sold continuously since 1856 and are guaranteed to grow.
Made in the USA.
- Item #: 7-FM-3199


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Below is the poem entitled Twist which was written by poet
Jordan. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Jack Jordan
The bed is just a mattress on the floor,
but it has served it's time well,
the scene of many a tryst and tear.
She's sitting there now,
on the edge,
her shoulders slumped,
her body facing me across the room,
head turned,
looking at the wall to her left.
We're both naked and sweaty;
it's a hot August day.
Cities are always hot in August.
That's why Italians vacation in August.
But I digress…
We started furious,
on a dead run,
no slow building
toward the inevitable joining.
In the midst, passion turned to anger,
sweat to ice,
and the taste in our mouths to iron.
What was the twist?
An old one:
the wrong name whispered.
By me.


text:
Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth
by Bert D. Ehrman
Reviewed by Robert
Review posted on 8/29/2012
Book rating:
Maverick New Testament scholar tackles the big question. He not that big a maverick.
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Your young fan loves going to Tropicana Field to watch David Price pitching. Price is such a talented south paw pitcher and he's always striving to improve. He's a great role model for your young Tampa Bay fan, so let him show off his favorite player on the Rays with this Majestic replica screen jersey. It features a heat-sealed applique team name on the front of the jersey, Price's name and number 14 printed on the back and a drop tail, so he can look just like his favorite team member. He can sport this to the ballpark or wear it to school to show his friends his Tampa Bay Rays are!
- 100% Polyester
- Drop tail
- Full button jersey
- Heat-sealed applique
- Imported
- Officially licensed MLB product
- Screen print graphics
- Sewn-on brand tag
- Sewn-on stripes
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Materials for the decoration of the Bahia Palace were sourced from all over North Africa. Marbles were likely originally quarried in Carerra, Italy, and may have been previously decorated other palaces. Cedar for the painted ceilings of the palace apartments was ordered from the Mid-Atlas region, and glazed terracotta tiles came from Tetouan. Artisans from across North Africa and Andalusia were employed in the construction of the palace.
One of the finest elements of the Bahia Palace is the grand marble-paved courtyard, constructed between 1896 and 1897. It is divided into quadrants by paths of multicolored zellige, or enameled terracotta tiles, in a simple checkered pattern. Each quadrant is paved in white marble with thin borders of zellige between each large marble tile.
In the middle of the courtyard is a large rectangular fountain with a smaller round basin at its center. The courtyard is surrounded by open-air galleries roofed in green ceramic tile. The arches that support the inner sides of the galleries feature bright yellow and blue ceramic screens inset above their imposts.
There are 160 different rooms in the palace which are sprawled out in an open, rambling fashion. The reception halls and private quarters are lavishly decorated and there are several tiled courts – often complete with water features – that serve as open air areas where the women could have washed and rested themselves.
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what shipping was 31 dollars?
money sent
did you get it?
ok i'll do 30 shipped. u got paypal
what kind of flywheel? please pm me
20 shipped to 45648 on the stocks?
please delete this thread
did you get my PM
do you have
-right front fender and front bumper (near perfect condition)
-water pump and timing cover for 5.0
-stock 5.0 oil pan
-stock 5.0...
do you have a bell housing for a 5.0 to a t5?
and also two right font fenders?
sorry to thread jack but what does bump steer do?
anyone know if i can get his steering wheel to fit in an sn95 mustang?
if so then what exactly do i need?
Grant 966 Grant Classic Series...
what is the stock compression ration on a 1996 v6 mustang?
also i have heard that the 1998 v6 had a lil more hyped up cam. is that true?
oh man that sucks. how bout just the carpet?
how much for door panels rear interior panels dash board ,center console and carpet? also where you located?


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Colorado GSA Network, in collaboration with the Matthew Shepard Foundation and Rainbow Alley, will host a statewide Gay-Straight Alliance Leadership Summit to bring together students, advisors, and other stakeholders committed to making schools safer for LGBTQ youth. At the Summit, we will share best practices for creating active and effective GSA programs and facilitating leadership development for LGBTQ students.
Students (middle school, high school, and college-aged) and adults engaged in creating safe, inclusive learning environments are welcome and encouraged to attend!
REGISTRATION FOR THE SUMMIT IS NOW OPEN! Reserve your spot today.
Sunday, March 4
9:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Auraria Campus, North Classroom Building
900 Auraria Parkway
Denver, CO 80204


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*Right handed strike shown
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Category Archives: Uncategorized
The Beef Cattle School in Pictures
Our final livestock field school of the year was the Beef Cattle School, and we finished strong, with over 40 participants and a big-name speaker, Dr. Robert Smith, who came all the way from Oklahoma. So, on to the pictures: … Continue reading
The Sheep School in Pictures
We had our Sheep School last month with solid turnout and excellent speakers – you know, the norm. Here are some of the highlights: We had something new this year: Betty Levin brought her collies to show us how to … Continue reading
Beth and Takashi – Living the Dream!
Beth Suedmeyer and Takashi Tada, recent graduates of New Entry's Farm Business Planning course, get some recognition for their efforts in Ayer, thanks to the Green Ayer News blog: Many of us have probably daydreamed at one time or another, … Continue reading
Poultry processing has a new home: on the road
There is a lot of squawking going on lately about local meat production. While access to fresh local produce is now available to many folks in Massachusetts, you will probably find it much more difficult to buy a pound of … Continue reading
AP Article About New Entry!
An AP reporter and photographer came by the farms recently to do a story on New Entry. Well, the story came out this morning, and it has already been picked up by almost 250 news outlets! Here it is (with … Continue reading
Beef Workshop Videos Online
Thanks to the efforts of video producer extraordinaire John Dorman and the camera work of Ronit Ridberg, last fall's Beef Workshop is online in its entirety! Part 1 http://www.dogooder.tv/Orgs/NESFP/default.aspx?MovieID=3814 Part 2 http://www.dogooder.tv/Orgs/NESFP/default.aspx?MovieID=3813 Part 3 http://www.dogooder.tv/Orgs/NESFP/default.aspx?MovieID=3811 Part 4 http://www.dogooder.tv/Orgs/NESFP/default.aspx?MovieID=3810 Part 5 … Continue reading
Backyard Poultry Workshop Day
About 40 people showed at Pete & Jen's Backyard Birds in Concord as our own Jennifer Hashley played host to a poultry field school as part of the NOFA/Mass Statewide Backyard Poultry Workshop Day. Participants saw firsthand what a successful … Continue reading
New farmer Deena Sao
Deena Sao is a student of nursing and education, a Born-Again Christian, and a homeschooler of her four kids. And now, she's a farmer with the New Entry Sustainable Farming Project. She discovered the NESFP through a simple internet search … Continue reading
Local food phenoms
The New Entry Sustainable Farming Project occupies a unique niche in the swelling local food movement. Beyond simply advocating for buying close to home, the NESFP fosters sustainability in the local food economy by disseminating agricultural knowledge and helping the … Continue reading
Out standing in our fields
Last week we held our second livestock field school of the season, the Forage and Grazing Field School, at the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. After classroom presentations by Barbara Miller (NRCS) and Stephen Herbert (UMass), the vet school … Continue reading


text: http://ubuntuforums.org – Hey guys! I'm new to Ubuntu and also the forums * Sorry if I'm posting in the wrong thread* I read online that you can install and play some Steam games on Ubuntu. I've tried installing playonlinux but i keep getting a error message saying " Package dependencies cannot be resolved, playonlinux: Depends: x-terminal-emulator but it is a Virtual package" I'm not really sure what that means and any help would be appreciated! (Hardware)


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Narrow down the 31 results:Map View
We have a range of budget places to stay in Antigua from as low as £4 per night
Based on previous Antigua accommodation searches, the average starting price is £12
Want to splurge? At the top end in Antigua, we have 3 places to stay with prices starting at £25
x The average starting price for a place to stay in Antigua is £12 per night.
1 ave Sur Casa No.15 Primer Nivel SacatepequezAwesome 89%
crvergar Very good place, safe and friendly people. The location is very central. I recommend this place completely!!!!!
stephan487 Friendly helpful staff, clean comfortable rooms. A little strange having people breakfast right outside your door, but overall I strongly recommend.
6 Ave. norte No. 74C Antigua Guatemala0 0%
animalias1 Well located, the staff are so kind, even the dogs are very friendly, the only negative point was the noise coming from the night club in front but it's only on weekends.
6ta. Calle Poniente, Antigua Guatemala SacatepequezAwesome 86%
anonymous384123 An excellent place to stay! You just need to talk to other guests to learn all the ins and outs, eg: how to make the shower hot.
patricia_mary17 The staff are very helpful and friendly. The breakfast choices are delicious. Excellent value for money.
sari2u Best hostel in Antigua. A new hostel with the right idea. Hot showers, clean rooms, free breakfast and wi-fi. The rooftop terrace has great views and a happening little bar. The owners and the staff are great. Helpful and a lot of fun. This centrally located hostel is going to be one to watch in the future. Make reservations if you know you're going and you want a private room. Everyone is very accomodating. Can't wait to visit again!!!
scmrooney Small comfortable hotel with 7 rooms. Not much in the way of amenities but the location is perfect. Everything is within easy walking distance. The lady that runs it is very sweet and will help with any arrangements that you require. One room is ensuite. The other six share 3 showers and 3 toilets. Property is very clean and has its own kitchen if you want to cook.
Create your own travel plan including Antigua as one of your stops. You can use it to store all your research (even hotels found on other websites!)
Do you have questions about Antigua? You might try asking in our active travel forums and see if anyone else has been there.
Keep your family and friends up to date with your trip by starting your own travel blog!


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Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.
In the United States, between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer are made each year. Over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 250 (four tenths of one percent, or 0.4%). It is most common among males aged 15-35 years, particularly those in their mid-twenties. Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers: in excess of 90%; essentially 100% if it has not metastasized. Even for the relatively few cases in which malignant cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate of at least 85% today. Not all lumps on the testicles are tumors, and not all tumors are malignant; there are many other conditions such as Epididymal cysts, Hydatid of Morgagni, and so on which may be painful but are non-cancerous. All unusual lumps or pain in the testicles should be checked by a physician.
Incidence among African Americans doubled from 1988 to 2001 with a bias towards seminoma. The lack of significant increase in the incidence of early-stage testicular cancer during this timeframe suggests that the overall increase was not due to heightened awareness of the disease.
Although testicular cancer is most common among men aged 15-40 years, it has three peaks: infancy, ages 25-40 years, and age 60 years.
Germ cell tumors of the testis are the most common cancer in young men between the ages of 15 and 35 years.
A major risk factor for the development of testis cancer is cryptorchidism (undescended testicles). Other risk factors include inguinal hernia, mumps orchitis . Physical activity is associated with decreased risk and sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk. Early onset of male characteristics is associated with increased risk. These may reflect endogenous or environmental hormones.
Symptoms may include one or more of the following:
The nature of any palpated lump in the scrotum is evaluated by scrotal ultrasound, which can determine exact location, size, and some characteristics of the lump, such as cystic vs solid, uniform vs heterogeneous, sharply circumscribed or poorly defined. The extent of the disease is evaluated by CT scans, which are used to locate metastases. Blood tests are also used to identify and measure tumor markers that are specific to testicular cancer. AFP alpha1 feto protein, Beta-HCG, and LDH are the typical markers used to identify testicular cancer. The diagnosis is made by performing an orchiectomy, surgical excision of the entire testis along with attached structures epididymis and spermatic cord; the resected specimen is evaluated by a pathologist. A biopsy should not be performed, as it raises the risk of migrating cancer cells into the scrotum. The reason why inguinal orchiectomy is the preferred method is that the lymphatic system of the scrotum links to the lower extremities and that of the testicle links to the retroperitoneum. A transscrotal biopsy or orchiectomy will potentially leave cancer cells in the scrotum and create two vectors for cancer spread, while in an inguinal orchiectomy only the retroperitoneal route exists.
An incorrect diagnosis is made at the initial examination in up to 25% of patients with testicular tumors and may result in delay in treatment or a suboptimal approach (scrotal incision) for exploration.
The differential diagnosis of testicular cancer requires examining the histology of tissue obtained from an orchiectomy specimen. Orchiectomy, rather than transcrotal biopsy, is preferred to reduce the risk of spill and thus the risk of metastasis, in the event that the tumor is malignant. For orchiectomy, an inguinal surgical approach is preferred.
Before 1970, the young man with recurrent testicular cancer was destined to have rapid progression and death from disseminated disease. Currently, although 7000 to 8000 new cases of testicular cancer occur in the United States yearly, only 400 men are expected to die of the disease. Much of this improvement is due to advances in adjuvant therapy.
Due to the risk of subsequent metastasis, post-surgical adjuvant therapy may be offered to the patient following orchiectomy. The type of adjuvant therapy depends largely on the histology of the tumor and the stage of progression at the time of surgery. These two factors contribute to the risk of recurrence, including metastasis. Adjuvant treatments may involve chemotherapy, radiotherapy or careful surveillance by frequent CT scans and blood tests by oncologists.
Although testicular cancer can be derived from any cell type found in the testicles, more than 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors. Most of the remaining 5% derive from Leydig cells or Sertoli cells. Thus, the focus of diagnosis is on determining which germ cell tumor is present. Correct diagnosis is necessary to ensure the most effective and least harmful treatment. To some extent, this can be done via blood tests for tumor markers, but differential diagnosis requires examination of the histology of a specimen by a pathologist.
After removal, a testicular tumor is staged by a pathologist according to the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors as published in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Testicular cancer is categorized as being in one of three stages (which have subclassifications). The size of the tumor in the testis is irrelevant to staging. In broad terms, testicular cancer is staged as follows:
After removal, a testicular tumor is classified by a pathologist according to its histology.
Also: Intratubular germ cell neoplasms (the in-situ stage of germ cell tumors)
Surgery is performed by urologists; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists.
In most patients with testicular cancer, the disease is cured readily with minimal long-term morbidity.
While it may be possible, in some cases, to remove testicular cancer tumors from a testis while leaving the testis functional, this is almost never done, as more than 95% of testicular tumors are malignant. Since only one testis is typically required to maintain fertility, hormone production, and other male functions, the afflicted testis is almost always removed completely in a procedure called inguinal orchiectomy. (The testicle is almost never removed through the scrotum; an incision is made beneath the belt line in the inguinal area.) Most notably, since removing the tumor alone does not eliminate the precancerous cells that exist in the testis, it is usually better in the long run to remove the entire testis to prevent another tumor. A plausible exception could be in the case of the second testis later developing cancer as well.
In the case of nonseminomas that appear to be stage I, surgery may be done on the retroperitoneal/Paraaortic lymph nodes (in a separate operation) to accurately determine whether the cancer is in stage I or stage II and to reduce the risk that malignant testicular cancer cells that may have metastasized to lymph nodes in the lower abdomen. This surgery is called Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND). However, this approach, while standard in many places, especially the United States, is falling out of favor due to costs and the high level of expertise required to perform the surgery. The urologist may take extra care in the case of males who have not fathered children, to preserve the nerves involved in ejaculation.
Many patients are instead choosing surveillance, where no further surgery is performed unless tests indicate that the cancer has returned. This approach maintains a high cure rate because of the growing accuracy of surveillance techniques.
Lymph node surgery may also be performed after chemotherapy to remove masses left behind, particularly in the cases of advanced initial cancer or large nonseminomas.
Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for non-seminoma when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (that is, stage II or III). The standard chemotherapy protocol is three, or sometimes four, rounds of Bleomycin-Etoposide-Cisplatin (BEP). This treatment was developed by Dr. Lawrence Einhorn at Indiana University. An alternative, equally effective treatment involves the use of four cycles of Etoposide-Cisplatin (EP).
While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95%, and stage I cancers cases (if monitored properly) have essentially a 100% survival rate (which is why prompt action, when testicular cancer is a possibility, is extremely important).
Less than five percent of those who have testicular cancer will have it again in the remaining testis. A man who loses both testicles will normally have to take hormone supplements (in particular, testosterone, which is created in the testicles), and will be infertile, but can lead an otherwise normal life.


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The Swift Current Comp. Senior Colts boys basketball team had their ups and downs at a weekend tournament in North Battleford resulting in a third place finish.
The Colts won twice, wins that bookended their worst performance of the season in their final tune-up before the provincial playoffs begin this weekend.
The Colts opened the tournament with a 77-37 win over the Lloydminster Comp. Barons. They used their press to create turnovers leading to some easy early buckets and quickly put the game out of reach. Jordan Bloom led the Colts with 25 points, followed by a 10-point effort from Ian Hayes and nine points from Marshall Siemens.
The Colts met the rival Yorkton Regional Raiders in the semi-final and never even made a game of it, losing 90-44.
"Offensive ineptitude coupled with defensive indifference equaled an absolute whipping at the hands of the Raiders. The Raiders were focused and ready to play; we were not," explained Colts head coach Adam Jackson.
Jackson figured his team was down by 22 points before they even scored their first basket before trailing 27-6 after one quarter and 46-16 at halftime.
"We consistently turned the ball over in our front court and that led to easy hoops for the Raiders. Our poorest effort of the season. We just rolled over and let them do whatever they wanted whenever they wanted," he added.
Ian Hayes led the Colts with 25 points and Clayton Gerbrandt added eight.
The Colts rebounded in the bronze medal game with a 62-53 win over Moose Jaw AE Peacock. Jackson thought the team competed hard at both ends of the court with active defense, improved rebounding, and some good outside shooting.
"Peacock is a solid team but they seemed to tire in the fourth quarter due to our constant defensive pressure," said Jackson.
Matthew Bissonnette scored 12 points, while Hayes and Jaylen Mayall both added 10 points.
The Colts will be in Estevan this weekend for a four-team Conference Tournament. The top two teams will advance to Regionals the following weekend. The Colts, who enter the weekend with a 17-6 record, are hoping for a first-place finish to give themselves a chance to host Regionals.


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[QUOTE=quinn14;426096][firstname.lastname@example.com;426066]I , for one, would give my left nut to see MOJO in a zebra striped wrestling singlet.....Well ,if I were serious I'd have a problem with that . Do you know MOJO ?? Imagine confronting a Black hole with bad intentions ! That is MOJO-a member of the Wrestling Hall Of Fame !! And a man I consider my friend .
Not that there's anything wrong with that!
You know, I think I would rather be a man than a god . We don't need anyone to believe in us. We just keep going anyhow. It's what we do.


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Volunteer Advocates recruitment
Lloyds Foundation Trust is funding Advocacy In Barnet to provide advocacy in financial matters, including protecting older people from financial abuse. We are recruiting new volunteers for this project over 30 years of age with a financial and or legal background
Hospital Advocacy Services / Advance Rapid Response project:
Hospital advocates provide advocacy services to older patients at the Royal Free Hampstead, Edgware Community and Finchley Memorial hospitals. Hospital Volunteer Advocates visit patients on wards on a weekly basis and at the point of discharge. We are recruiting new volunteers with health and or care background.
You can fill in the online application form. There is a link at the bottom of this page. If you would like to discuss any of the above volunteering opportunities please contact either Heena Cornwell on 0208 201 3415 or via email firstname.lastname@example.com
As a volunteer you will receive;
As a volunteer Advocate you will be part of a team. You will be able to develop your skills through the varied work you will undertake with different individuals.
Management Committee


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This image is presented as a "thumbnail" because it is protected by copyright. The Brooklyn Museum respects the rights of artists who retain the copyright to their work.
Study for "They Will Take My Island"
In this painting on paper, biomorphic shapes spread across the picture, changing form and moving in space. As with the Surrealists who practiced automatism, Gorky's imagery revealed itself only in the process of creation, as pictorial ideas gradually emerged from the subconscious depths of the mind.
Yet on another level, it is interesting to note that Gorky volunteered to serve in the camouflage section of the U.S. Army (though he was rejected on grounds of age). And he organized a class in camouflage painting, at the Grand Central School of Art in New York, because, as he wrote, such work would help the artist "deepen and enrich his understanding of art as well as make him an important contributor to civilian and military defense." Beyond the self-absorbed practices of the Surrealists, therefore, he felt that art could also play a role in the war effort.
This particular work has been compared to Picasso's Guernica, painted a few years earlier, which Gorky is known to have admired. Both are intensely personal responses to the violence of war.
- Artist: Arshile Gorky, American, born Armenia, 1904-1948
- Medium: Crayon on white wove paper
- Dates: 1944
- Dimensions: sheet: 22 x 30 in. (55.9 x 76.2 cm) (show scale)
- Signature: Signed in black crayon, lower right: "A. Gorky / 44"
- Collections:American Art
- Museum Location: This item is not on view
- Exhibitions:
- Accession Number: 57.16
- Credit Line: Dick S. Ramsay Fund
- Rights Statement: © artist or artist's estate
- Caption: Arshile Gorky (American, born Armenia, 1904-1948). Study for "They Will Take My Island," 1944. Crayon on white wove paper, sheet: 22 x 30 in. (55.9 x 76.2 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Dick S. Ramsay Fund, 57.16. © artist or artist's estate
- Image:
- Record Completeness: Best (91%)


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Rita Moreno: 4 of the SAG Award honoree's best moments
Rita Moreno received the Life Achievement Award at the 20th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards on Saturday, Jan. 18.
If you didn't know, Moreno is only one of eleven EGOTs -- she's received an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. She won an Oscar as Anita in "West Side Story," Emmys for "The Muppet Show" and "The Rockford Files," a Tony for "The Ritz," and a Grammy for best recording on "The Electric Company."
There are only 11 EGOTs. And as far as we know, she's the only EGOT to have sung with Animal.
Here's some clips from some of those award-winning performances, because we love Rita Moreno, and you should too.
We have to start with "West Side Story" and "America." Work that dress, Rita. There is nothing better:
"Animal" and Rita Moreno on "The Muppet Show":
As Sister Peter Marie, Moreno sings on "Oz":
Lastly, a two-fer. Rita and Morgan Freeman, who introduced Moreno at the SAG Awards, on "The Electric Company" singing about soup:
Why do you love Rita Moreno?
Photo/Video credit: YouTube


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Ticklists: Ultimate Scottish Rock, Strathspey's Finest.
Hidden - Lead - 14/Jun/15
plain kitten - 2015
Lead as one 40m pitch. excellent. though the top out was thought provoking in the rain.ferdia - Lead O/S - 01/Jun/14 with Calum
Wasn't sure if I did 'Direct' or 'Combination' or what, just took the best looking line up the wall, which turns out is exactly what is described in Scottish Rock Climbs (probably the best and clearest description). Excellent. Hard crux low down. Took a belay on the ledge.Andy Moles - Lead O/S - 17/Jul/13 with Iain Murray
Hidden - 2013
Hidden - Lead O/S - 17/Mar/12
Hidden - 2011
Johann - AltLd O/S - 26/Sep/10 with Martyn Stott
Chad123 - 2008 with Emily
Hidden - Lead O/S - 2006
greenroom - Lead O/S - 2001 with Amanda Grace Henderson
tough and steep!brianrunner - AltLd - 1994 with chris upson
Hidden - AltLd - 1993


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Written Answers. - Inner Bar.
Tuesday, 30 May 2000
Dáil Eireann Debate
76. Mr. Shatter asked the Taoiseach the basis upon which a patent of precedence is conferred to be called to the inner bar; if the Government proposes to change the legal and administrative provisions that apply to the furnishing of such patents; the basis on which such patents of precedence are given only to Junior Counsel; and if such a patent can be given to a solicitor. [14809/00]
The Taoiseach: On foot of an application received from a barrister, a patent of precedence may be granted by the Government on the basis of a recommendation by the Taoiseach, based on the advice of the Attorney General following discussions involving the Chief Justice, other senior members of the Judiciary and the chairman of the Bar Council.
There are no proposals to change the current arrangements for admission to the inner bar.
Membership of the senior bar is a mark of eminence among barristers and not a requirement for audience in the courts. Solicitors have by law full rights of audience in all courts of Ireland although not members of the Bar. This right has existed in Ireland since 1972.
Statutory provisions such as section 67(5) of the Courts of Justice Act, 1936, and section 14 of the Courts Act, 1988 make it clear that the phrases "Senior Bar" and "Senior Counsel" refer to barristers.
|Last Updated: 11/09/2010 02:59:34
|Page of 304


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Today's guest post is from Thomas Ballantyne. Tom and I know each other from marketing tradeshows and conferences. Imagine my surprise when monitoring search results for "black friday" I saw his site come up. This time it wasn't in relation to the shopping day though, it was to my current nemesis in monitoring for people talking about Black Friday…what's being called "the worst song ever" Rebecca Black – Friday.
Black Friday is the most anticipated shopping day of the year. Sales galore. Big Savings. It's a shopper's dream. However, the problem with Black Friday is that it only happens once a year. It's like waiting all year for Thanksgiving because the two happen right after each other. What if we could experience Black Friday every Friday?
On February 10, 2011, Ark Music Factory posted a YouTube video that would help redefine the viral industry forever. No other music video has drawn as much attention and ire as Rebecca Black's "Friday" single. Unfortunately, the lyrics to the video itself to the tone of her singing is, as a good friend of mine put it on Twitter, "like nails down a chalkboard and knives into my eyes."
The song graces you with creative and original lyrics such as "Yesterday was Thursday. Today is Friday…Tomorrow is Saturday and Sunday comes afterwards." That is followed up by the brilliance of "Fun, fun, fun, fun!" Simply amazing!
It has been mentioned and scoffed at by almost every radio station across the country. While Letterman cracked a joke, Leno actually had Rebecca on as a guest. Sports commentators are evening weighing in, playing sound bites throughout their programs.
Last Friday, Bulwark Exterminating posted that "Friday" had 47,706,751 views on the official YouTube channel, with 706,886 "dislikes" and 83,491 "likes". Forty four days after originally being posted, "Friday" received an average of 1.08 million views per day.
At the time of me typing this sentence, 72 hours later, the video has 60,997,359 million hits on YouTube, 1,083,638 "dislikes" and 130,129 "likes". In three days, the average has risen to about 1.2 million views per day, and comments are still literally being posted at more than one per second. The pace is astonishing.
Here's what all the commotion is about…
I must apologize if you have seen this video before, which some will argue is once too many, but repetitive viewing is necessary for the sake of discussion.
What's the reality of such a highly viewed, but disliked, video?
Although iTunes does not publicly release the sales numbers of their downloads, "Friday" currently sits at #28, ahead of songs by The Black Eyed Peas, Katy Perry and fellow YouTube sensation Justin Bieber. Sorry Biebs, Rebecca's got you beat.
Forbes and Billboard differ in their estimation of just how many times "Friday" has been downloaded, but most estimate that it has been downloaded well over 2 millions times. As iTunes pays the publisher 70 cents on the dollar, Ark Music Factory, who produced the song, as presumably cashed in over $1 million.
With 60 million views on YouTube, Ark Music is also cashing in on paid advertisements. As a pest control company on our scorpion video, we average about $.71 per thousand views. For us, this is enough to pay for fountain drinks at the gas station down the road. If we calculate that her video even earns $.50 per thousand views, Arm Music is still banking over $30,000. That will be enough to buy Rebecca a car when she turns 16 three years from now, and she won't even have to decide where to sit.
It is hard to know how many royalties she is earning, since Ark Music Factory produced and released the video. Since she is the one putting herself up on a pedestal for every American, minus 83,000 of them, to take shots at, we certainly hope she is getting the vast majority of those checks. Annoying voice or not, she is taking this all the way to the bank. Horrific lyrics or not, we are the ones filling up her bedazzled pockets.
Now we can enjoy Black Friday not just once a year, but 52 times a year. And what better way is there to celebrate the real Black Friday by listening to Rebecca Black's "Friday"?
Thanks, Tom!


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Bat World Educational Programs-North Texas
Bat World is dedicated to protecting the balance of the environment as well as providing educational programs to school children. We have been giving educational presentations for over a decade. Our guidelines for programs using live bats are endorsed by both public health and wildlife officials, and are utilized by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Bat World has been featured on 20/20, Animal Planet, Nickelodeon, David Letterman and The Disney Channel, to name just a few.
Our informative and entertaining programs dispel myths while encouraging conservation. Respect for all wildlife is encouraged, with particular emphasis placed on the potential dangers of handling wild animals. Both foliage-roosting and crevice-dwelling bats are utilized in the program. The non-releasable bats that take part in our lectures are only those that are not stressed while being viewed. Along with learning about the ecological importance of bats, students and adults learn about the fascinating personalities of the individual bats.
The program runs approximately 1.5 hours. It sounds like a long time, but there is so much information to cover and bats to be viewed that the time goes very quickly. If we need to shorten it to an hour, we can do that to accommodate your needs. Any less time and it does not do the species or the children justice. Bats are that fascinating.
Educational information cards are provided to attendees. The children will also be asked to take a 'bat scout pledge' to never touch a bat and then they receive an official bat scout ring.
All of the money we raise from our lectures goes towards the care, feeding and housing of the bats as well as towards our rescue and conservation efforts to support bats worldwide.
- Classroom lectures: $250.00 for up to 45 attendees
- Additional people (over 45) – $3.00 each
Thank you for reviewing our outreach education program information. We hope we will have the opportunity to visit and share the wonderful world of bats with you.
Contact Dottie Hyatt
Phone: 817-431-4866
Email: email@example.com


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CENTRE COUNTY - Police in Centre County said they're making the most of task force money.
They released a report Monday with figures from special details over the past 12 months.
The numbers show police made 68 arrests for DUI, including driving high on drugs. Police said they also issued 242 traffic tickets, 45 non-traffic citations, cited 29 minors, and gave 809 warnings.
The statistics do not include arrests and tickets from routine patrols.
Centre County Alcohol Task Force coordinators said they will focus more on drug-related DUI arrests this year.
The efforts are made possible by a state grant, which was just renewed for 2013-2014.
The task force includes officers from Ferguson Twp., Patton Twp., Spring Twp, PSU Police, Centre County Sheriff's Office as well as State College and Bellefonte Borough Police Departments.


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Welcome to Beth Chaim Reform Congregation
We welcome your interest in our Synagogue and invite you to join us in the practice, joy and traditions of our Jewish heritage. We have established a Jewish house of worship where all people can enjoy the practice of Reform Judaism and the feeling of being part of the larger Jewish family.
More specifically, the Temple aims to provide:
- Religious worship services
- Support and direction for Jewish and interfaith families and individuals
- Jewish educational opportunities for children and adults
- Social events
- Social action activities
- Judaica shop
We are thrilled to announce that the Beth Chaim Board of Directors has approved the hiring of Rabbi Michelle Denker Pearlman as our new rabbi effective July 1, 2014.
Rabbi Pearlman comes to Beth Chaim with a wealth of experience that we expect will translate to new and exciting opportunities for growth, social action, advanced learning and community involvement for all of our congregants and their families. Most recently, Rabbi Pearlman served as Director of Community Engagement at the Jewish Federation of Monmouth County creating relationships and networks to engage members of the Jewish community with an emphasis on the unaffiliated. At Federation, Rabbi Pearlman developed multiple new outreach initiatives for the community. Highlights include a Hurricane Sandy home rebuilding effort, Sandy Teen Fellowship program, Jewish Monmouth Cares program engaging volunteers to visit the sick and homebound and PJ Library outreach for young families.
Prior to that, from 2010 to 2013, Rabbi Pearlman led the historic 350 household Monmouth Reform Temple in Tinton Falls, NJ. With a goal of creating a more connected community, she was involved in all areas with a focus on strengthening community engagement, membership, and outreach. Rabbi Pearlman expanded adult learning, established a Family Engagement Task Force to engage kids and their parents, and led a wonderful adult trip to Israel. She also worked with educational partners to transform teen education, established a High School Mitzvah Academy, introduced teen travel opportunities, expanded youth grouping and created the Bagels and Blocks initiative for young families.
She has also served as Associate Rabbi of Temple Shalom of Newton, MA and worked for the Union for Reform Judaism. While at the URJ she focused on youth, membership and issues facing interfaith families in congregational life.
Rabbi Pearlman made multiple personal visits to Beth Chaim in March to meet with the Search Committee and the Board. She impressed all of those involved with her warmth, experience, knowledge, sincerity, vision, pulpit skills and ease of communication, and ideals of inclusion and equality for all congregants.
Rabbi Pearlman is active as a speaker, teacher and writer. Beth Chaim members will be interested to note that Rabbi Pearlman recently published "Interfaith Families are People Not Numbers," Op-Ed, New Jersey Jewish News, November 5, 2013 and was a contributing author to the book Inside Intermarriage by Jim Keen, URJ Press, 2006. Both resources can be found on the internet.
Rabbi Pearlman is actively involved in an impressive list of professional associations including the Central Conference of American Rabbis. As a member of the CCAR, she is the current co-chair of Annual Giving. She served on the Rabbinic Placement Director Search Committee in 2011 and is a member of the URJ/CCAR Joint Commission on Music and Religious Living. She is a member of the Interim Ministry Network, UJC Rabbinic Cabinet, Women's Rabbinic Network and Monmouth County Interfaith Clergy Association.
Rabbi Pearlman received her rabbinic ordination in 2005 from Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. In her pre-rabbinic life she was an avid performer on the operatic and musical theater stage. She holds a Masters of Music, in voice from the University of Illinois (1994) and a Bachelor of Musical Arts, (1992) from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
The Transition Committee is planning a variety of opportunities for our congregants, community members and potential new members to meet and welcome Rabbi Pearlman over the next few months including an Installation Ceremony before the High Holidays.
Rabbi Michelle Pearlman, her husband Drew Denker and their children Madeline age 10, Noa age 6 and Natalia (Tal) 15 months, will be relocating from Central NJ to the suburbs of Philadelphia in the next few months to be close to their immediate family and the synagogue.
Please be sure to make time to welcome them to our community and to the Beth Chaim family.
Contributions to Beth Chaim Reform Congregation
Beth Chaim is pleased to have joined the Amazon Associates Program, which enables members and guests to participate in fundraising for the temple at no cost. If you click the link below to reach Amazon.com to do your on-line shopping, a percentage of all sales gets returned to Beth Chaim. Please share this opportunity with your friends and family! All purchases are secure and confidential. Click the Amazon banner below to link to the site.
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Upcoming Events
07/09/2015 - 7:15pm to 9:15pm
07/10/2015 - 7:30pm to 9:00pm
07/14/2015 - 9:30am to 08/03/2015 - 9:30am
07/09/2015 - 7:15pm to 9:15pm
07/17/2015 (All day)


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INDIANA JONES, Narnia & More
By Jackie Burrell
Thursday, May 29th, 2008 at 6:15 am in Movies.
With a crack of his bullwhip and a sweep of the fedora, Indiana Jones ushered in summer blockbuster season last weekend with considerable pyrotechnics and plenty of gee-whiz-appeal. So we figure it's high time we resurrect our aParentlySpeaking movie reviews, a round-up of family-centric movie commentaries inspired by the notion that not all PG-13 movies are created equal.
We caught Dr. Jones and his crystal skull adventures last weekend, of course, and LOVED the thrill-a-minute pace, although those voracious red ants? Shudder. But here's what critics from our favorite family-centric review sites had to say…
There's no real nudity in this Indy adventure, and the profanity is mild (3 scatological terms and 13 mild obscenities), but the violence is considerable. Explosions, brawls, zombie-like attackers and oh man, those ants. For blow-by-blow details, click here. And Plugged-In Online adds, "Action/adventure violence is what Indiana Jones films are all about, and 'Crystal Skull' doesn't let its predecessors go it alone. Extras are mowed down with gusto, and sometimes with gruesome flair. The worst way to die here is via those iPod-esque Amazonian ants, which swarm characters and apparently eat them alive. We see one bad 'un screaming as the ants envelop him, crawling into his mouth and ultimately dragging the struggling man to their massive anthill." In other words, fantastic fare for the sturdy middle school and up crowd, may cause nightmares for the impressionable younger set.
But Narnia? We need to talk about that one, because most of us grown-ups remember "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" books as grade school favorites…But "Prince Caspian" the movie is not for youngsters, says Plugged-In Online's family movie critic: "This isn't a kids' movie. Or even a 'family' movie. It's a war movie. From start to finish, battle scenes dominate the landscape… There's a decapitation. Scores of stabbings. And while the body count may not exceed what's seen in '300', it's headed in that direction." Common Sense Media says there's very little blood, but the impact is huge – and every main character, except Lucy, is responsible for many enemy deaths.
Coming soon: "Kung Fu Panda" – the CGI animation tale of a panda, played by Jack Black, pushed to Shrek-like greatness – opens June 6, as does "You Don't Mess with the Zohan," in which Adam Sandler plays an Israeli counter-terrorist -turned-Manhattan-hairdresser. And we'd be rolling our eyes over the very premise except that Judd Apatow helped pen the script.
[You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.]


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Animated Rock Opera Series HELL ON EARTH Raises Money for Pilot Episode
Hell On Earth co-creator Brett Truett started his career as an actor and director in the avant-garde theater scene in Seattle during the peak of the city's creative renaissance of the nineties. He moved to Los Angeles in 1999 to become famous and promptly decided that he'd rather shave his head and join a cult than subject himself to the horror that is the pursuit of an acting career in Los Angeles. So, in short order, he transformed himself into a post-production wonk.
He began editing music videos and concerts for a wide range of high-profile music acts including No Doubt, 50 Cent, and Queens of the Stone Age until he moved into television where he continues to make his living finishing shows like Arrow, Revolution, and Weeds. Brett has also made a a name for himself as an independent filmmaker -- he produced a successful, critically acclaimed educational DVD of Shakespeare's Macbeth in 2002, and made the award-winning short film, Splitsville, that swept the festival circuit in 2007, winning several awards and qualifying for Academy Award consideration. He also edited and acted in the independent feature, Raising Genius, starring Justin Long, Stephen Root and Wendy Malick.
Hell On Earth co-creator Francisco Enciso started as an underground graffiti artist in east Los Angeles. Despite his unconventional background, his exceptional talent earned him a spot at the renowned character animation school at California Institute for the Arts, founded by Walt Disney himself. While there, Francisco distinguished himself as an artist of unique and bold vision with his controversial short, Snow White Trash. After his tenure at Cal Arts, Francisco directed and animated several short films including the edgy Internet favorite, Harry Pothead. He then went on to do special effects and motion graphics in music videos, television, and feature films. He created visual effects for the films Hellboy and Shoot 'Em Up, and the television show, Lost. He also designed all of the motion graphics for the DVD portion of 50 Cent's smash hit, Get Rich or Die Tryin'.
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Photo by Hans Gissenger
YIELD: Makes 10 servings
ACTIVE TIME: 45 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 45 minutes
Melt butter in heavy large skillet (preferably cast iron) over medium-high heat. Add onion; cook until golden, about 5 minutes. Add zucchini and peppers; cook until beginning to soften, stirring often, about 5 minutes. Add lima beans and corn; cook until heated through, stirring constantly, about 5 minutes. Mix in marjoram. Season with coarse salt and black pepper. Transfer succotash to large bowl and serve.


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Member Since: 11/12/2008
My Sewing Room
The Ultimate Sewing Room contest entry
Re: Book Giveaway: Susan Beal's Modern Log Cabin Quilting
Would love to get my hands on this book!
Re: Book Giveaway: Embroidery Companion by Alicia Paulson
I would love to win this book. Looks like it would be a lot of fun.


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GOVERNMENT intends lapping up more shares in Rössing Uranium to boost its stake in the mine after the Kern Trust, part of the minority Namibian shareholders, decided to sell its interest.
Deputy Finance Minister Calle Schlettwein last night said he was aware of the "principle" of the proposed transaction, but that he couldn't say by how much the deal would up Government's shareholding in Rössing Uranium.
Government already owns 3,38 per cent of Rössing Uranium. The biggest shareholder is Rio Tinto with 68,6 per cent, followed by state-owned Iran Foreign Investment Company (IFIC) with 15 per cent and the Industrial Corporation of South Africa with 10 per cent.
The remaining shares - about 3 per cent - belong to Namibians related to the 13 individuals associated with the discovery of the uranium deposit.
Sources close to the deal said the Kern Trust wants N$38,34 a share, which means that Government will have to pay just over N$206 767 for the package of 5 393 shares it has been offered.
The trust intends to sell nearly 135 000 different class shares, for which it wants about N$5,2 million in total. Should the other shareholders in Rössing decline their offers, Government will be able to buy their shares too.
Although the Ministry of Mines and Energy didn't make allowance for the N$206 767 in its current budget, sources said that Cabinet has given Mines and Energy Minister Isak Katali the green light to take the money out of his Minerals Development Fund.
"Government has the desire to increase its shareholding in Rössing Uranium on a pro rata basis," a source said.
"Nuclear fuel minerals are regarded as strategic minerals for Namibia and it is therefore imperative for Government to raise its pro rata shareholding in the company."
Besides strategic importance, a bigger stake in Rössing will also boost Government coffers in dividends once Rössing manages to turn its ill fortune of the past years around.
From 2007 to 2009 alone, Rössing paid Government more than N$23 million in dividends. Financial woes stopped the company from declaring dividends recently. Last year, Rössing Uranium suffered a net loss of N$471 million.
Government also has its eye on Iran's controversial 15 per cent share in Rössing Uranium. Foreign Affairs Minister Utoni Nujoma led a high-ranking delegation to Tehran in December to discuss Rössing Uranium's full compliance with the United Nations sanctions against companies in which IFIC has shares.
Katali told The Namibian earlier this year shed more light on the proposal, indicating that Government "is willing to take over the Iranian shares but we can only do it if they agree to it".
In terms of the proposed agreement the Namibian Government, if Iran agrees, will take over in trust all future acquisitions and or investments in Rössing Uranium for the duration of UN Security Council sanctions.
Uranium is classified as a strategic mineral in Namibia, which means that state-owned Epangelo Mining Company holds the exclusive exploration and mining rights.
Epangelo recently missed out on its chance to get a stake in Bannerman Resources' Etango uranium project. Bannerman agreed that Epangelo could buy 5 per cent in Etango, provided it came up with about N$32 million. In addition, the company said Epangelo could buy another 5 per cent once Government granted Bannerman Mining Resources Namibia (BMRN), a subsidiary of Bannerman Resources, a mining licence.
Bannerman said the deal was off as "the parties have been unable to complete a mutually acceptable agreement reflecting the commercial substance of the term sheet".


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Novara, Italy (PRWEB) June 16, 2013
DOCTOR KRÁPULA is a Latin alternative rock band that carries a transformation message and an act of consciousness through their hybrid popular music.
The band was born in 1998 in Bogotá, Colombia, with 5 musicians. In their 15 year career and 6 albums (el Carnaval de la Apatilla) (Dele la Wuelta al Disco) (Bombea) (Sagrado Corazón) (Corazon Bombea - Live Album) and (Viva el Planeta) the members of Doctor Krápula have made themselves a part of the conscious artistic movement in Latin America.
A powerful live set has been able to impact the heart and minds of over one million people in over 500 live presentations. The devotion and support from their fans have made possible 10 Shock Music Awards, 4 Nuestra Tierra awards, 3 Nominations in LVMAs (latin MTV Awards), 1 nomination to 40 Principales Awards in Spain, 3 Latin Grammys in addition to several good critiques from different media thanks to their music and actions.
Videotrailer: http://youtu.be/oCwejBjCghg
Doctor Krapula's music has been made to dance to, to reflect upon and has been able to burst into different audiences without ever compromising its revolutionary lyrical essence.
DOCTOR KRÁPULA... music for the planet.


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I have been working under a contract with a Danish company which is ending in March so the trip I take in February may be my last European trip for a while and I am trying to decide what to do. I will be in Denmark for two weeks but just one weekend so I am thinking about taking off Friday to give me a long weekend to explore.
I have done a weekend in Berlin and have had one trip to Paris and DLP. Since I will be by myself I am not sure that I will enjoy going back to DLP by myself (I have gone to Disneyland, USA and WDW by myself with mixed results) but since I may not make it back for a loooong time I might just do it.
What other ideas might be fun? I could probably drive to Amsterdam or head up to Stockholm. A flight to the UK would also be an option (and I even know the language) but my wife might not like me going there without her


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This section of RadioMagOnline.com, "The Wire," contains original press releases that reflect the views of the industry organizations issuing them. Releases are not reviewed or edited by Radio editorial staff. Suppliers, The Wire is "A Virtual Press Conference." For access, email your name and email address to email@example.com.
CBS Inaugurates Small Business Pulse
NAB Education Foundation TAPs Participants
Sprite Media Brings Digital Signage to Radio
Virtual Reality Camera Sphericam Launches on Kickstarter
NEP Group Files for Public Stock Offering
Ooyala Acquires Nativ
Live at ISTE 2015, Today
Shure Promotes Schyvinck, Hamerlinck
Biamp Systems Equips Tesira Platform with Lync Enterprise Voice Integration


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Lagos — Nigerian Computer Society (NCS), the umbrella body for all IT professionals in the country, has come up with an idea that it says will speed up electoral reforms, and put an end to electoral malpractices in the country, through the use of advanced technology.
Addressing a press conference in Lagos last week, the IT professional body lamented the ugly trend that have bedevilled past elections in the country, blaming them on the manner and processes, in which such elections were held.
President of NCS, Prof. Chris Uwadia, explained that all manner of election rigging and delay in the release of election results will be something of the past, should Nigerians begin to use available technology that will make subsequent elections easy for the electorate.
According to him, the use of electronic voting machines, known as e-voting machines, will be the best technology that will bring about accurate and early results across the country.
The association called on the National Assembly to consider the amendment of the country's electoral laws to accommodate the use of e-voting machines in the next elections.
The association is of the view that early amendment of the laws will help in real-time use of e-voting machine in the next elections.
Supporting the views of NCS, Director of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Mr. Emmanuel Akem, said it has become necessary to adopt the e-voting system as many other countries have done.
According to him, every nation depends on technology in leveraging their economies, and Nigeria should not be an exemption. "If adopted, it will not only check election malpractices, but will also help in the smooth conduct of every election," Akem said.
Determined to help Nigeria have hitch-free elections, NCS recently had a joint retreat with INEC in Asaba; the aim was to identify electoral problems and proffer solutions to them.
A communiqu released at the press conference in Lagos, explained that the retreat falls within the mandate of the NCS to collaborate and partner with government agencies in proposing and implementing IT-driven solutions for the country.
NCS was established in 1978 with the aim of promoting the advancement of Computer Science, Information Technology and systems and their applications and deployment to professional practice in education, government, military and industry.
The retreat, which was the first of its kind between NCS and any government agency, was attended by important personalities and dignitaries from the NCS, INEC, representative of the office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, representatives of the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) and representatives of the Director General, National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA).
The opening session was graced by the Governor of Delta State, Dr. Emmanuel Uduaghan, Speaker of the Delta State House of Assembly, the Secretary to the Delta State Government and some of Commissioners.
Presentations were made by a team of the INEC staff on the status of INEC ICT infrastructure status, challenges on the deployment of electronic voting system and some of the proposed solutions. The presentations by the team of the NCS members analysed the best practices on Electronic voting with respect to verifiable experiences, from several countries. The papers also focused on possible solutions to the challenges highlighted by the INEC team. Several IT vendors took to the stands to demonstrate electronic voting systems and solutions to the participants.
Some of the challenges associated with the current voting system as identified by the retreat include: mass thumb printing of ballot papers; ballot stuffing; snatching of ballot boxes; impersonation of voters' errors due to manual collation of results; multiple registration, among others.
The retreat noted that the challenges could be surmounted with the adoption of electronic voting system and recognised that INEC has an existing communication backbone based on satellite communication technology. The network, it said, consists of a satellite Gateway (Control Centre), located at the INEC headquarters and terminals installed at remote locations (INEC state offices and all the Local Government Areas of the Federation).
The retreat, however, noted that some of the terminals at the remote locations have been vandalised. In this regard, the retreat recommended the replacement of the redundant and inactive terminals with portable and mobile terminals and the deployment of additional terminals during periods of elections.
The retreat recognised that the cost of the space segment on the network has huge financial implications. The Retreat therefore recommends that INEC should subscribe to the size of the space segment needed for its operational purposes during non-election years while the requirement should be scaled up during election year to meet the demands for the election results collation and dissemination.
The retreat also recognised that INEC has existing systems to capture, transmit, collate, review and approve results at the INEC state offices and the National Headquarters Result Management Centre.
The retreat equally recommends that INEC should explore the use of the GSM Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) and General Pack Radio Service (GPRS) technologies to complement the existing light weight encrypted secure file socket transmission for election result transmission and collation.
The retreat witnessed presentations of different electronic voting solutions and thereafter made it clear that its mandate was not to endorse any particular product but to come out with acceptable standard for electronic voting equipment that could be deployed for elections in Nigeria.
The retreat identified the challenges associated with electronic voting system as machine failures; vote flipping; possibility of inaccurate transmission of election results; and usability problems.
The retreat, however, noted that the challenges are surmountable with contemporary technologies and insisted that electronic voting system offers the best available option to prevent election manipulation and to assure the integrity and sanctity of each vote that is cast.
The retreat therefore recommended a system based on consensus protocol which will allow for three confirmatory evidence/ witnesses / channels for each vote cast.
The retreat recognised the need for integrity of the transmitted data and therefore recommends the adoption of distributed encryption technique for purposes of secured data transmission. The distributed encryption technique entails that the encrypted keys are held by more than one person.
It re-emphasised the importance of a comprehensive and accurate registered voter data base and therefore recommended that this critical national asset must be well secured to provide the necessary platform for a reliable electoral system.
The retreat identified the need for INEC to partner with the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), Federal Road Safety Commission, Immigration Services, Pension Fund Administrators and other relevant government agencies to develop a comprehensive and harmonized national database.
This, it said, will allow any authorised stakeholder to have access to information relevant to its needs and operations, from a single point of entry.
The retreat recommended that any e-voting machine that INEC might consider for deployment for the electoral process in Nigeria must have the features such as ability to capture at least 3-forms of confirmatory evidence for each vote cast; interface for real-time/wireless transmission of data; facility for accurate authentication of voter's information; must be fool-proof tamper-proof and weather-proof to perform under any condition; provision for verifiable audit trail; provision that allows voters to confirm that their votes have been recorded as cast; voice prompt that could be customized in any Nigerian dialect; provision for automatic and periodic uploading of election results while voting is in progress; and that the data encryption algorithm must be based on distributed encryption method.
At the end of the deliberation, the retreat recommended that a follow-up retreat be organised in Abuja within the first quarter of 2009 among NCS, INEC, NIMC and the National Assembly.