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Barges Going No Where For Awhile
At least nine towboats are tied up north of Wabasha, and more are stuck near
Winona. They're not able to tow their barges south because sandbars block their path. Army Corps of Engineers Lockmaster, Gordon Holman, in Alma says the situation won't get better for at least a week.
Dredging is the solution to the problem, but it could be almost a week before these barges are up and moving again. It's racking up the bills as companies pay workers stranded thousands of miles from home, while folks on the other end of the river wait for their cargo.


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Lockdown grenade
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This article or section contains information about StarCraft: Ghost, which has been declared non-canon. Elements may be taken as 'flavor lore' however.
The E16[1] lockdown grenade is a type of terran ordnance that generates an electromagnetic pulse to disable mechanical units and structures. They may be launched from the C-20A rifle.[2]
- ↑ Medievaldragon. 2008-01-28. Starcraft: Ghost - Multiplayer Characters. Blizzplanet. Accessed 2009-11-15.
- ↑ StarCraft Ghost information. StarCraft: Ghost Wallpaper. Artist: Blizzard Entertainment. Accessed 2008-01-26.
|List of Terran Weapons
|Terran Units and Weapons of StarCraft: Ghost

subset: commoncrawl


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Nyanza CID boss Joseph Mugwanja said yesterday the police want wananchi's help in tracking down Shem Kwega's killers. Mugwanja said they have asked all the hospitals to be on the lookout for a patient who comes for treatment with gunshot wounds.
Some of the suspects escaped with wounds as the gang engaged the police ina gun battle. "Some of the thugs were accidentally shot. They may seek treatment from the hospitals and we ask the members of the public and hospital staff to report to the police if they happen on such a case," said Mugwanja.
The New Nyanza Gen-eral Hospital boss Juliana Otieno said the hospital had admitted eight patients with gunshot wounds. But Kisumu police boss Joseph Tito refuted Otieno's claims saying only six patients had been admitted.
The CID boss said investigation into the aspirant's murder was a top priority for the police and soon the culprits will be brought to book." We have collected enough evidence.
All that is remaining is to arrest the suspects. It is just a matter of time," he said. He said security agents in Kisumu have been put on high alert following the murder.
The shooting to death of Kwega led to riots and a fracas between the police and the residents who were demonstrating Kwega's death. The fracas led to four people dying and several people getting injured.
The death of the businessman, who also served as the ODM chairman Kisumu, led to several local leaders calling for speedy investigations and tightening of security in the lake shoretown. ODM headquarters has asked for the same.


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Great product!
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer2618378 on Apr 12, 2011
This is much creamier than plain coconut oil- just mix up the solids at the bottom of the jar!
The Most Delicious Coconut Butter
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer2869993 on May 31, 2015
This is an excellent product and I love using it to make dairy-free "white chocolate" and other treats. It is very versatile! I had to give it four stars because it had a sliiightly rancid taste to it when tasting it straight from the spoon. But it's not noticeable when used in a recipe and I don't think the product has gone bad so I'll keep on using it and will probably buy more in the future. UPDATE: I've been ordering this on a regular basis for quite a few years now and none of the jars has had a rancid taste/smell. I use it a lot in homemade coconut ice cream or healthy frosting and even in savory dishes - especially Thai and Indian inspired ones. I love this product and haven't found another coconut butter with the same high quality and fresh taste, so five stars it is:)
Love it!
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by AnnaLL on Apr 24, 2013
This is SOOOOOO good! (And very addictive ;) I sometimes mix a little with vanilla extract and stevia or tagatose (and a tiny pinch of salt), and dip in melted dark chocolate <3
Eat it off the spoon
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by HiNewUsers4HelpClickHere on May 29, 2013
You won't find better coconut butter than this.
Best tasting coconut ever - even better than the real thing
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by SummerShopper on Mar 11, 2014
Living in a tropical country, I can get access to fresh coconuts all year round. For convenience, I do still prefer this coconut butter without all the mess and portion problems. I can't finish a whole coconut by myself and sometimes I don't want the juice or the flesh but just a quick taste. The flavour for this butter is more concerntrated than a real coconut and it smells so much more fragrant. I eat it with a spoon. It does not combine with its oil well and seperates very fast but just give it a quick stir everytime you eat. The butter will harden if you do not touch it for more than a week, just stir it up again to mix the oil into it. Click on my username for more reviews! If you thought that this review was helpful please feel free to press the 'yes' button.


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Singapore Botanic Gardens
Singapore National Commission for UNESCO
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Le Secrétariat de l'UNESCO et le Centre du patrimoine mondial ne garantissent pas l'exactitude et la fiabilité des avis, opinions, déclarations et autres informations ou documentations fournis au Secrétariat de l'UNESCO et au Centre du patrimoine mondial par les Etats Parties à la Convention concernant la protection du patrimoine mondial, culturel et naturel.
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Les noms des biens figurent dans la langue dans laquelle les Etats parties les ont soumis.
Founded at its present site in 1859, Singapore Botanic Gardens forms part of the long colonial tradition of creating European-style botanic gardens in the tropics. This internationally renowned tropical botanical garden, the oldest surviving of its kind in the Straits Settlements, has a rich heritage and is a dynamic and living testament to the foresight of the early pioneering spirit of Singapore. Throughout its long and illustrious history, it has played an integral role in Singapore's cultural, social and economic development and is a site that provides historical reference to Singapore's Garden City concept and the ideals of Singapore's founding fathers.
Whilst the city's urban landscape has changed tremendously over the past 50 years, the botanic gardens, which now extends over c.74h was preserved, forming a valuable green oasis in the midst of the compact and densely populated city centre of Singapore. As the only historic botanic garden in Singapore and one of few historic landscape gardens on the island, it contributes greatly towards providing a sense of history, place and identity to Singaporeans and visitors. It remains the premier and most popular park in the city, counting more than 4 million visits per annum.
The history of botanic gardens in Singapore began on Government Hill in 1819, when Sir Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore and a keen naturalist, laid out a botanical and experimental garden there, which was later closed in 1829. The British government and major trading companies of the early 19th century encouraged the development of experimental gardens in the colonies to cultivate, research and preserve native plants as useful revenue earning commercial crops.
The existing botanic gardens were established in 1859 by an agri-horticultural society, on a 23ha bottle-shaped piece of land within the Tanglin district. The garden was originally planned as a pleasure garden and was used as an amenity for the enjoyment of the society's members. It was developed by Lawrence Niven from 1860, whose work reflected the English Garden style that influenced the emergence of numerous English landscape gardens and public parks from the 18th century until this period. Works carried out included the creation of interconnecting curving pathways and promenades, a bandstand and the establishment of ornamental planting. Today this layout remains almost entirely intact. The northern part of the site contained 6 ha of primary rainforest, which survive today; one of only two remaining areas of original rainforest which would have covered the entire island. The garden was extended by 10ha to the north-west in 1866 and Swan Lake excavated and landscaped that same year. The society later ran into financial difficulties, and in late 1874, handed over the management and maintenance of the site to government.
Following a recommendation from the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (Joseph Hooker), James Murton, a trained botanist and horticulturist, assumed the role of Superintendent in 1875. This reflected the first step in a historic collaboration between the two gardens which extended the remit of the Gardens from a pleasure park to a place of cutting edge study and scientific/botanical experimentation and established Singapore Botanic Gardens as a nerve centre for plant exchange at the heart of a worldwide network of botanical gardens. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, already preeminent in the 18th century as a seat of learning and botanic research, was responsible for much of the inspiration, administration and plant exchanges that drove the early development of Singapore Botanic Gardens and other gardens. Murton set up a herbarium and library and was a driving force behind the establishment of the economic gardens in the late 1870s, which became famous for a wide range of economic crops including rubber. A major land extension to the north, granted in 1879, was used to create new economic gardens. In 1880, Nathaniel Cantley, another Kew-trained Superintendent, replaced Murton. During his directorship, the gardens assumed the role of propagating trees for planting in Singapore's streets and parks. Nurseries were established, one of which, the potting yard beside Cluny Road, survives today.
In 1888 Henry Ridley took over as director of the gardens and succeeded in drawing international attention to the possibilities afforded by rubber production and subsequently discovering a revolutionary tapping technique which represented the single most important innovation in the history of the rubber industry and the economic history of South-East Asia. He launched the first scientific journal published by Singapore Botanic Gardens, a role that the Gardens continues today. Under the directorship of I.H. Burkhill a large portion of the economic gardens, to the north-east, was transferred for the building of the Raffles Memorial College, which opened in 1928. With this came a shift from economic crop growing to research which continued almost unscathed through the years of the Japanese invasion in 1942-1945. In 1983, 17ha of land in the northern part of the site was returned to the gardens.
Orchid breeding and hybridization experiments started in the late 1920s under Eric Holttum's directorship, which led to a new industry in Singapore and eventually in various other South-East Asian countries. Singapore Botanic Gardens revised its mission during the 1960s in response to the launch of the former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew's tree planting campaign in 1963 and 'Garden City' programme in 1967. Expertise and resources for the campaign resided in the botanic gardens, the focus of which was thus redefined from that of a largely research orientated organisation to one that would spearhead and be the driving force behind the national 'greening' effort. This, in a sense, was a repeat of Cantley's role in the 1880s. In support of this, the area subsequently occupied by Symphony Lake (1974) was turned into a large nursery ground. To meet the need for trained personnel to maintain the greenery, the School of Ornamental Horticulture was opened in the gardens in 1972. The new diploma qualification in Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Design was the first of its kind in South-East Asia and was modelled on the Diploma in Horticulture established at Kew in 1963. Over the following 20 years the greening programme matured and Singapore gained international reputation for its clean and green environment. Through the development of a world class educational programme, the botanic gardens were able to achieve their mission to provide the botanical and horticultural expertise needed to transform Singapore into the garden city.
Through the 1970s the gardens' public facilities and landscape were upgraded as it assumed the role of a public park. These improvements were however swept away following major redevelopments carried out across the gardens (over three phases) from the 1990s to the present day, which re-emphasized its botanic garden character. Three core areas, the Tanglin, Central and Bukit Timah Cores were identified and the surviving heritage landscapes of Niven and Murton carefully preserved. Excellence in botanical research and conservation of biological diversity, education programmes and preservation of the cultural heritage of the gardens were all essential parts of the Masterplan and remain at the core of the gardens' current vision and mission to 'connect plants and people'. Singapore Botanic Gardens regained its status as a premier institution for tropical botany and horticulture, whilst also fulfilling its role of attracting and engaging visitors.
The southern boundary of the gardens is defined by Holland Road, its north-western boundary by Cluny Park Road and its northern boundary by the Bukit Timah Road. A recent acquisition by the gardens (10ha of land formerly belonging to the Sultan of Johor) has added the 'Tyersall Forest' to the south-west of the gardens. The eastern boundary of the gardens is mostly defined by Cluny Road, with the northeast sector of the gardens adjoining the boundaries of the National University of Singapore, once part of the Economic Gardens.
The proposed World Heritage Site's preliminary boundary (see Figure 1) predominantly includes the Tanglin and Central Cores of the gardens which incorporate the significant historic fabric of the gardens and reflect its outstanding universal values.
A preliminary outline of the buffer zones for the World Heritage Site is shown on Figure 1. The Bukit Timah Core and Tyersall Extension buffer zones are under the control of the gardens. The zones to the east, south and west of the gardens are outside the gardens' ownership and include primarily existing low rise residential land use. The future planning arrangements for these are the responsibility of Singapore Government's Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA).
The linear distance between the northern and southern ends of the gardens is approximately 2 km. The site is free to access, with the exception of the 2.5ha National Orchid Garden, and is the only botanic garden in the world that opens between 5am and midnight every single day of the year. It is well contained and predominantly inward-looking, being visually and audibly protected from the surrounding urban environment, despite being on an undulating site. Well served by public transport, the gardens contain a wide variety of attractions and facilities set within the context of a historic designed landscape and are enjoyed by over four million visitors annually.
The botanic gardens contains a number of historic buildings which are a memorial both to the renowned figures who lived in them as well as to the architectural history of Singapore. Four conserved buildings, including two in the historic 'Black and White Bungalow' style, lie within the gardens' original land holdings, these are: Burkhill Hall (1868), Ridley Hall (1882), EJH Corner House (1910) and Holttum Hall (1920). In addition, the gardens include six conserved buildings, which formed part of the former Raffles College (five 1920s bungalows and the 1958 Raffles Building) and two gazetted conserved structures (the 1930 bandstand and 1850s Swan Lake Gazebo, transported to the gardens in 1969).
The living collections are a remarkable asset to the garden (31,500 living plant accessions and 8,300 taxa in cultivation), including alongside the more recent orchid garden, 6ha of rainforest and 34 of Singapore's 177 heritage trees (many of which are older than the gardens themselves). These include Critically Endangered species. The herbarium includes 650,000 specimens of which 6,800 are type specimens (the ultimate points of reference for the correct application of species' names). The library is the oldest reference library in South-East Asia containing 30,000 books and 41,000 rare books/journals and unique research papers/unpublished material.
Singapore Botanic Gardens is a premier botanic institution for research, conservation and education as well as a cherished recreational destination and custodian of collective memories.
Justification de la Valeur Universelle Exceptionelle
Singapore Botanic Gardens is an exceptional example of a tropical botanic garden which emerged during the 19th century period of global expansion, exploration and colonisation by the British and others in South-East Asia. The gardens, which originated as 'pleasure gardens' (mid-19th century), assumed a preeminent role in the promotion of economic botany in the Malay Peninsular and Straits Settlements administration during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Singapore Botanic Gardens' landscape today bears unique testimony to the long lasting history of and unique contribution to the economic, social and scientific development of the region. Nowhere in the British colonies were the effects of economic growth and discoveries more felt than at Singapore Botanic Gardens through the pioneering work on rubber cultivation and techniques for tapping carried out in the 1880-90's, which set in place the foundation of the early 20th century rubber boom. By 1917, the gardens had supplied over 7 million rubber seeds and encouraged plantation owners across the Malay Peninsula to grow rubber instead of other tropical crops - this underpinned the regions' early economic prosperity and gave it a significant place in the world commodity trading markets. Without the work carried out in Singapore Botanic Gardens it is unlikely that the great developments in the automobile industry, in aviation, in textiles and numerous other industries which relied on rubber, would have taken place. Singapore Botanic Gardens also led the way in collecting, growing and distributing other promising economic crops throughout the tropics, including oil palm, ipecacuahana, gutta-percha and pineapple. The essential and pioneering research performed at the Singapore Botanic Gardens into methods of cultivation and plant classification resulted in important discoveries in areas such as pest control in coconuts.
Singapore Botanic Gardens has a well-defined cultural landscape which includes a rich variety of historic features and clearly demonstrates the evolution of the gardens over 153 years. Unusually it still preserves within its historic core the original landscape layout as designed in the 1860's for the original pleasure garden, which reflects the English Garden style. The Tanglin core zone of Singapore Botanic Gardens represents one of the most authentic and unchanged examples of original design among colonial botanic gardens in South and South East-Asia, which is unusual among botanic gardens of the era. As part of this garden landscape the living collections include over 30 heritage trees, many of which are veterans of over 100 years old. Uniquely Singapore Botanic Gardens is also the only city botanic garden in the world to include a tract of primary rainforest within the original boundaries of the gardens, thus preserving in some small part the unique ecological heritage of Singapore. The 6ha area is not only a reminder of Singapore's natural heritage before development changed the island forever, it is also of immense importance from a conservation point of view containing trees native to Singapore which are now rare specimens as a result of deforestation. This rainforest reserve contains ancient giant Dipterocarps of unparalleled size and 60% of the plants contained within it are now rare in Singapore. Furthermore 10 species considered at one point to be extinct were rediscovered within this rainforest area and now represent the only remaining specimens in Singapore.
The ensemble of historic buildings which contribute to the cultural landscape of the gardens includes four conserved buildings (built between the 1860's and 1920's), two of which are in the historic 'Black and White Bungalow' style an assemblage of 'black and white bungalows'. Built specifically for botanic garden functions such as residences for superintendents, this historic building type is now very rare in Singapore - only 10% of the original black and white bungalows which housed the colonial residents are still in existence. No other South/South-East-Asian botanic garden can claim to have such eminent and rare examples of their region's architectural heritage within a largely unchanged setting. The presence of the unchanged Swan Lake, Singapore's oldest ornamental water body created in 1866, reinforces Singapore Botanic Gardens' reputation as a botanic garden of exceptional heritage significance. This enduring history has played an integral role in the social history of Singapore, providing a backdrop for the lives of its residents both past and present.
Since its beginning, Singapore Botanic Gardens has continued to be a leading centre for plant science, research and conservation in South-East Asia. Today, it is internationally recognised as a leading institution of tropical botany and horticulture and its library and herbarium collections serve as an important reference centre for research on the region's flora for botanists around the world. The herbarium and collections are distinguished in the region and globally because of their particular contribution to tropical biodiversity research and inventorying, more specifically within the Malay Peninsula. No other herbarium in South or South East Asia can claim to contain herbaria of such quality or comprehensiveness in the original landscape within which they were established. Additionally, the seminal publications on Malaysian flora are all based on resources from Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Singapore Botanic Gardens was and continues to be instrumental in the greening and transformation of Singapore into a 'Garden City/City in a Garden', successfully implementing the former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew's vision and 'Garden City' programme that started in the 1960s. The gardens provided the expertise, skills and resources needed to implement the vision and continues to contribute through its plant research, education and conservation work. The knowledge and resources provided by the gardens enthused and empowered the people of Singapore to take an active role in the greening of their city, fostering a sense of pride and ownership in its citizens. It can be said that the botanic Gardens' involvement in the greening of Singapore dates as far back as the 1880s, when, under Cantley, the then Superintendent of the gardens, the gardens assumed the role of propagating trees for planting in Singapore's streets and parks.
Criterion (ii): Since the 19th century (1860's) Singapore Botanic Gardens' continued and close association with scientific plant research and interchange of this and economically important plants across the world and South-East Asia has had a fundamental influence on the social and economic development and prosperity of the region.
Criterion (iv): Singapore Botanic Gardens is a unique exemplar of a British colonial tropical botanic garden that demonstrates in its historic English landscape style garden, layout and buildings its different stages of development since 1859.
Déclarations d'authenticité et/ou d'intégrité
The landscape layout in the core of the gardens reflects accurately the original 'pleasure garden' design of the 1860's by Niven. This includes the original undulating land form and serpentine path layout radiating from the bandstand area.
The ensemble of 'black and white bungalow' buildings in the garden have broadly retained their original design intent and some of their original materials. Restoration has been sensitively achieved.
Swan Lake, the oldest ornamental water body in Singapore has been part of the gardens since 1866.
The potting yard beside Cluny Road, survives from the 1880s, when the gardens assumed the role of propagating trees for planting in Singapore's streets and parks.
Heritage Trees - presence include some veterans of over 100 years old and a second generation seedling from the original rubber trees.
The primary rainforest tract predates the gardens.
The original planting schemes are generally evident, including for example the palms - although some of the plants themselves may be descendants of the original plant material, there is nonetheless a sense of continuity between past and present in terms of the setting and character of the gardens.
From the 19th century to today Singapore Botanic Gardens has remained faithful to its initial purposes:
- Botanical collecting, demonstration of specimens, scientific research, and plant exchange internationally.
- Provision of the premier city park for the City of Singapore.
The proposed WHS boundary reflects the definition of the original Tanglin Core (1860s) with the addition of those parts of the original northern extension of the gardens (Economic Garden, 1879). It encapsulates all the elements that bear witness to the historic development of the landscape in the gardens - i.e. from being the preeminent British botanic colonial garden in the Malay Peninsular/maritime South-East Asia to its more recent role as Singapore's premier public park.
All the historic elements that are needed to understand the core of the cultural landscape of the gardens (i.e. landscape design layout, historic building, veteran trees, and primary jungle tract) remain intact. The continued presence of the herbarium, library and research laboratories bears testimony to continued use of the gardens for scientist research.
Comparaison avec d'autres biens similaires
Botanical Gardens Inscribed as World Heritage Sites
Whilst nascent botanic gardens can be reasonably identified in, for example, Aztec, Chinese, Egyptian and Arabic cultures, it is widely accepted that the world's first botanic gardens were the 16th century university physic/medicinal gardens of Italy. The Orto Botanico at Padua (1545), inscribed as World Heritage Site in 1997, is undoubtedly the finest example of the renaissance hortus medicus. Unlike their successors, renaissance botanic gardens were devoted to growing medicinal plants as a research resource and at this stage botany was considered an adjunct to the study of medicine. In light of this, the botanical gardens of the renaissance and those of the colonial period do not invite direct comparison.
The 'modern' botanic garden is a product of the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment, which combined a sense of aesthetic taste with a rational concern for scientific endeavour. It became acceptable to combine beauty and science, which heralded the start of the age of botanic gardens. Botanic gardens such as the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (1759), inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2003, were set up across Europe to try and cultivate new species brought back from tropical expeditions and became fundamental in both promoting and encouraging botanical exploration as well as establishing new botanic gardens (primarily for economic reasons).
The colonial powers, and in particular the British and Dutch, established botanical gardens worldwide within their respective empires, from Australia and New Zealand to Hong Kong and South Africa. Colonial botanic gardens, such as Singapore Botanic Gardens, were the 'Nurseries of Empire' - enabling dominance both practically and ideologically in an era where botanical research was at the forefront of scientific enquiry and a driving force in the world economy. Places of tranquillity and beauty today were the focus of intense economic activity and crop growing during the colonial expansion (late 18th/early 20th century), which resulted in the face of trade and balance of power changing forever. The very European nature of Kew, combined with its leading role in both establishing and co-ordinating a worldwide network of botanical outposts, sets it, and its contemporaries (including Vienna and Paris), apart from colonial botanical gardens such as Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Tropical Colonial Botanic Gardens
A great concentration of colonial botanic gardens lies in the tropics. The distinctive climate, ecosystems and biodiversity of this latitude distinguishes these botanic gardens from their counterparts in the rest of the world as a result of their unique output and character. Indeed, the potential and challenges of an 'ever wet' environment and the resultant successes in economic crop growing places these gardens in a category of their own, separate from gardens such as Dunedin Botanical Garden in New Zealand with its winter garden.
For the most part tropical botanic garden activity was concentrated in South and South-East Asia. Among all colonial botanic gardens in the world South and South-East Asian gardens have an unrivalled importance in colonial history. No other region of the world can claim to have produced botanic gardens as productive or as cutting edge as those in South and South-East Asia. The pioneering work done there was to steer the course of history in new directions, revolutionising trade, toppling and establishing economies and determining the international power balance. The most important of these tropical colonial botanic gardens included:
• Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Botanical Garden (Pamplemousses Botanical Garden) (French/British)
• Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia (Dutch)
• Calcutta Botanic Garden, India (British)
• Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Hong Kong(British)
• Malacca Botanical Garden, Malaysia (British)
• Penang Botanic Gardens , Penang Island, Malaysia (British)
• Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (British)
• Singapore Botanic Gardens (British)
Of these tropical colonial botanic gardens, only Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Botanical Garden does not fall within South and South-East Asia.
British South and South-East Asian Botanic Gardens
British South and South-East Asian botanic gardens were pre-eminent as a direct consequence of their mutually advantageous role as an outpost of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and their place within a wider network. The infusion of resources, direction and expertise from Kew and plant exchange between these botanic gardens enabled the world class research and discoveries that occurred there. These gardens formed part of an integrated network radiating out from the nerve centre of botanic activity at Kew, not only benefitting from Kew, but providing the essential resources which made Kew the world's most important botanic institution. British tropical botanic gardens, through their connection with one another, stand apart from eminent but isolated tropical botanic gardens such as Bogor. Overall, the way in which different colonial empires (e.g. the Dutch and the British) laid out their tropical botanic gardens does not invite direct comparison.
Colonial botanic gardens in South and South-East Asia take their place in history as the sites where the most important developments in economic crop growing during the 19th century took place. The revolutionary advances in rubber, cinchona and palm oil had ramifications on the global economy, which were felt as far as South America and established this region of Asia as an important economic power. It was as a result of the discoveries made by Henry Ridley at Singapore Botanic Gardens in 1888 in developing a new method of rubber tapping that Malaysia became the biggest rubber producer in the world, creating an entirely new and booming economy out of a plant which was not native to the region. This was responsible for the collapse of the Brazilian rubber industry and intimately intertwined with the technological advances in industries which benefited from the emergence of this newly plentiful resource. Ridley also promoted the growing of cacao and palm oil. Singapore Botanic Gardens carried out experiments with almost every crop which now exists in the region or which had potential to thrive. While Bogor Botanic Gardens played an important role for the Dutch empire, it does not compare to the impact British tropical botanic gardens had on the success of the British Empire.
Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya
The Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya contains 3000 species of orchids, spices, palm trees and medicinal plants in a setting which is much unchanged. The botanical garden at Peradeniya was the site of huge advances in economic crop growing especially tea and cinchona. However, its importance in the history of economic crop growing is secondary to that of Singapore Botanic Gardens, which spearheaded advancements with rubber. Rubber trees which were first planted at Peradeniya did not achieve success until the innovations in rubber tapping from Singapore Botanic Gardens. Whilst Peradeniya also contains a small number of original rubber trees the special discoveries which took place in Singapore make the continued existence of their descendants in the garden especially significant. Peradeniya was an important research facility but its botanical work was supressed after 1911 and it never regained the eminence it once possessed. The herbarium currently contains around 125,000 specimens. Peradeniya exchanged plants with the Singapore Botanic Gardens from the 1870s.
Penang Botanic Gardens and Malacca Botanical Garden
The Penang Botanic Gardens, founded in 1884, was subordinate to Singapore Botanic Gardens and under the control of the Straits Settlements' administration, which was headquartered at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Equally, the botanical station at Malacca, established in 1886, was under the auspices of the Straits Settlements and its work was subsidiary to that of Singapore Botanic Gardens. The important work that was done at Penang was intended to support that of Singapore Botanic Gardens, developing initially as a repository before being subsumed as a planting research centre from the 1880's until the second world war. The herbarium at Penang was incorporated into Singapore Botanic Gardens' herbarium in 1910 and in 1945, with the loss of direct contact with Singapore Botanic Gardens, the garden fell into decline. Whilst Penang contains many elements of its original layout and planting, its lack of continued contribution to the research field is also relevant for comparison with Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Calcutta Botanic Gardens
Calcutta Botanic Gardens is the largest and oldest site of its kind in South Asia. Its design is praised for its quality, containing undulating surfaces and artificial moats and lakes. Although originally conceived as a pleasure park, 30 years after its establishment this element of the gardens was removed and its mission refocused entirely on economic crops (tea and cotton production were among the economic crops produced), losing the original layout. The re-housed herbarium contains 2.5 million plant specimens from 350 families compared to Singapore Botanic Gardens' 650,000 specimens of which 6,800 are type specimens. While the collection may be larger, the herbarium at Singapore Botanic Gardens is more comprehensive. The garden contains an impressive collection of palms with 116 species of 53 genera. Singapore Botanic Gardens however contains 220 species from 115 different genera. Some of the original buildings within Calcutta Botanic Gardens are in relatively poor condition.
Hong Kong Botanical Gardens
The 5.6ha Hong Kong Botanical Gardens was established in 1864 beside and extending the Governor's residence's parkland and gardens. In its early stages it acted as an entrepôt for the export of the largely unknown flora of China to the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and elsewhere. At this time it had a significant influence on the establishment of afforestation on the island. Hong Kong was slow in establishing a herbarium and support for research was not continuous or fully committed. Today, the gardens are a popular urban park with good living collections included in a series of ornamental themed gardens. Unlike Singapore Botanic Gardens, Hong Kong Botanical Gardens retains few original features and had only a limited contribution to plant science research and to the impact of economic botany on the prosperity of the region.


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Takemusu Aikido, Volume 3: Basics Concluded is the third volume of this comprehensive series presenting the aikido of Morihei Ueshiba O-Sensei. Volume 3 covers the following series of 57 techniques: koshinage, tenchinage, kaitennage, jujinage, morotedori kokyuho and suwariwaza kokyuho. This work is illustrated with more than 500 photos and includes detailed, step-by-step explanations of each technique…
Click here to read more
Click here to read more
Aikido Journal Members Site
For nearly 40 years, we have been researching and documenting every aspect of Aikido!
We hate spam just as much as you


text:
Ruby CoffeeScript is a bridge to the JS CoffeeScript compiler.
WWW: https://github.com/rails/ruby-coffee-script
NOTE: FreshPorts displays only information on required and default dependencies. Optional dependencies are not covered.
This port is required by:
To install the port: cd /usr/ports/devel/rubygem-coffee-script/ && make install cleanTo add the package: pkg install devel/rubygem-coffee-script
cd /usr/ports/devel/rubygem-coffee-script/ && make install clean
pkg install devel/rubygem-coffee-script
No options to configure
Number of commits found: 11
- Update to 2.4.1
- Update WWW
Changes: https://github.com/rails/ruby-coffee-script/commits/master
devel/rubygem-coffee-script: update to 2.3.0
- Update dependencies
- Add LICENSE
- Add stage support
Add NO_STAGE all over the place in preparation for the staging support (cat:
devel part 4)
- Update rubygem-rails to 3.2.11
- Update ports require by rubygem-rails
- Add vuxml entry for rails security issues
Security: ca5d3272-59e3-11e2-853b-00262d5ed8ee
Security: b4051b52-58fa-11e2-853b-00262d5ed8ee
- Fix typos in COMMENT
- Enforce the now clarified rules from the Porter's Handbook (e.g. no dots, no
A/An, etc.)
- Point at the homepage consistently as defined by rubygems.org
- Fix depend versions according to rubygems.org [again]
With Hat: ruby@
Tested by: P6 TB Full rubygem run
Ruby CoffeeScript is a bridge to the JS CoffeeScript compiler.
WWW: http://rubygems.org/gems/coffee-script
Servers and bandwidth provided byNew York Internet, SuperNews, and RootBSD
26 vulnerabilities affecting 59 ports have been reported in the past 14 days
* - modified, not new
All vulnerabilities


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox-tech mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
On Thu, 21 Jun 2001 12:52:17 -0700
Micah Cowan <email@example.com> wrote:
> A tty is actually an archaic abbreviation that isn't really used in
> it's original meaning - teletype (I believe - someone correct me
> otherwise). These were 'dumb' terminals that just knew how to accept
> and display text, and communicate with a 'smarter' server.
Dumb is hardly the word. The original teletypes were developed as a
replacement for the telegraph -- sort of a glorified electromechanical
typewriter, and used a 5-bit coding system. The fancy ones had a tape
puncher/reader, so you could make long messages without a horrible
number of mistakes. They were pretty cool in their own way -- round
about 1942.
Cam Ellison Ph.D. R.Psych.
>From Roberts Creek on B.C.'s incomparable Sunshine Coast
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
I thought I'd pass along a very cool-sounding workshop being put on by
the folks at RoseLUG in late September. (It also sounds perfect for
our new friends at the Grant Joint Union High School District, so I'm
encouraging them to go, too!)
"The Roseville Linux Users Group will be holding another of its monthly
workshops on September 20th, 2003. The topic is: LTSP and software for
schools, presented by Ray Dias."
It continues:
"This workshop will be held at the Wellspring school, 7233 Sunrise Blvd.,
Citrus Heights, CA. (the school is just south of Oak Ave. on Sunrise Blvd.
Some notes from Ray:
I wanted to share my idea''s on the Linux software for schools idea we
passed around last night. Feed back is always welcomed. Here is what I had
in mind:
1. Show how Linux Terminal Server software can breath new life into old
2. Show various software packages that can enhance the educational
experience for both students and teachers.
1. Groupware software for staff collaboration
2. Open Office
3. Instant messaging (for staff communication)
4. Online presentation software
5. Online test taking to evaluate student needs and to challenge
advanced students.
6. Games to re-enforce skills
We can discuss time availability and what we should cover. I have a
Linux Terminal Server demo server and dumb terminal that I use for
demonstrations that we could use. I look forward to discussing the
possibilities for this workshop and others to come.
The workshop is tentatively scheduled to start at 10am. All participants
are invited to bring a laptop, as our workshops are frequently hands-on.
If you are interested in attending, please RSVP by September 18th.
For more information or to RSVP, please contact: rsvp (at) roselug.org"
I've posted this to LUGOD's event calendar, and will also be e-mailing
the folks at SacLUG, Chico State LUG and CVALE (Modesto/Stockton). :^)
vox mailing list
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
Homecoming, UAB-style
Days of contests and events -- including UAB's unique Gurney Derby racing competition -- lead up to the Blaze the Night Bonfire/Pep Rally on Thursday; Parade on Friday; and finally the game on Saturday. They're must see events for students, faculty and the community.
Be a part of UAB's biggest bash by joining the Homecoming Committee. Regular meetings to plan the fall's events begin in the spring, but new members may join up to Homecoming Week.
For more information, contact the Office of Student Involvement at 934-8225 or stop by HUC 136.


text:
Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: My GRA1110 Final Project.
December 12th, 2011 #1
My GRA1110 Final Project.
I had to duplicate a picture of a famous person for my final in my intro to graphic design class. Assignment was finished @ 8x10 300dpi using only text in illustrator. I was really into it at first.. then hurried because it's due tomorrow and I started today. Anyways here it is, the picture I duplicated is found here. http://skateboard.about.com/od/xgame...te-Closeup.htm
I converted it to b&w in PS, messed with contrast, and levels.. then sent it to illustrator and began. Enjoy!
- Similar Threads
- Art: My final project at VFS
- college final project
- Art: Leonal - Final Project
- final project
- Final Project help


text:
Shala Florence (Nunamaker) Isabell
Funeral Service
On November 19, 2012 Shala Florence Isabell
Beloved wife of Ralph V. Isabell. Devoted mother of Cassandra Geller, Desiree Wheatley, Tammy Dembeck and Jennifer Isabell. Dear sister of Wauneida Sorensen and David Nunamaker. Also survived by numerous grand children and great grand children.
Friends may call at the family owned Bruzdzinski Funeral Home P.A. 1407 Old Eastern Avenue, Essex at Route 702 (beltway exit 36) on Friday from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 PM Funeral service on Saturday at 11 AM. Entombment Holly Hill Memorial Gardens.
You have items in your basket. Click here to review and/or checkout
Click the button to generate a printable document containing all condolences submitted
Condolence Booklet
Image: Julie A. Wenskoski / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Copyright © 2015 Bruzdzinski Funeral Home, P.A.. All Rights Reserved.
| Website by CFS |


text:
Drug Abuse and Traffic
News about Drug Abuse and Traffic, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Jun. 30, 2015
Federal Bureau of Investigation opens inquiry into Clinton Correctional Facility, from which murderers Richard W Matt and David Sweat recently escaped; investigation will focus on drug trafficking and other criminal conduct as well as security and oversight at prison in months leading up to escape. MORE
Jun. 26, 2015
Los Angeles Kings center Jarret Stoll pleads guilty on misdemeanor cocaine charges; is sentenced to community service and will create program to teach dangers of drug and alcohol abuse to children. MORE
Jun. 25, 2015
New York State Justice Edward J McLaughlin agrees to 15-year sentencing deal with Angel Alvarez, Harlem man accused of leading a drug-selling ring, sparing him life sentence; McLaughlin says he offered deal over prosecutors' objections to avoid long and costly trial, and takes opportunity to criticize State Legislature concerning poor funding for courts. MORE
Jun. 23, 2015
Serge Atlaoui, Frenchman arrested by Indonesian authorities in 2005 and convicted of drug charges, loses appeal to State Administrative Court in Jakarta, setting stage for his execution. MORE
Jun. 22, 2015
Chinese e-commerce sites have become steady source of illegal synthetic drugs in global market, with Chinese authorities showing little interest in regulating network of clandestine labs and exporters; drugs, including dangerous new stimulants and hallucinogens, are readily available in United States and have been linked to deaths; China is also major exporter of methamphetamine components, which have been seized on by drug cartels even as other nations crack down. MORE
Jun. 13, 2015
Former medical assistant Oscar Johnson agrees to plead guilty to one of 27 charges he faces in case involving pain killers taken by deceased New York Rangers left wing Derek Boogaard. MORE
Jun. 7, 2015
Drug manufacturers have been creating painkiller medications intended to resist abuse by drug addicts, but efficacy of such abuse-resistant formulations remains open to question. MORE
Jun. 7, 2015
Methamphetamine use, which has long been associated with white gay and bisexual men, has become more prevalent among black and Hispanic men who have sex with men. MORE
Jun. 6, 2015
Asia World, powerful company behind many development projects in Myanmar, formerly had ties to country's heroin trade, illustrating how drug trafficking is inextricably linked to country's efforts to rebuild and move on from troubled past; while there is no evidence to suggest company has current ties to drug trafficking, drug trade still remains involved with nation's many development projects. MORE
Jun. 4, 2015
Volunteers have been creating support communities for sober people at large summer music festivals, which are notorious for prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse; growing movement, inspired by group of Grateful Dead fans in 1980s and driven by social media, is welcomed and aided by festival promoters, who want to counter negative press following handful of publicized drug overdoses. MORE
Jun. 3, 2015
Colombia is struggling to facilitate farmers in move to stop growing coca and grow legal crops, step toward stabilizing part of country long ruled by rebel fighters and drug traffickers; effort, which gained urgency after government halted American campaign to kill coca crops with aerial spraying, is falling short of expectations. MORE
Jun. 2, 2015
Op-Ed article by Prof Mona Lynch points to role overzealous federal prosecutors have played in systemic abuses in United State justice system related to war on drugs, particularly in seeking lengthy jail times for black defendants; offers examples from her research on such abuses related to use of so-called 851 tool, which allows for doubling of mandatory minimum sentences for drug convictions and has had disproportionate impact on black communities. MORE
Jun. 1, 2015
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio forms emergency task force to investigate abuses at so-called three-quarter houses, sober living facilities that are part of murky world of outpatient substance abuse treatment for the poor; is response to New York Times investigation finding that some homes took kickbacks on Medicaid fees for drug treatment while forcing tenants to live in abysmal, and illegal, conditions. MORE
May. 31, 2015
Some landlords in New York City that purport to help drug addicts are in reality intentionally keeping their tenants locked in cycle of rehabilitation and relapse in order to cash in on Medicaid kickbacks from drug treatment programs; existence of such homes, referred to as 'three-quarter' homes, points to systemic failure of government and institutions that tolerate or tacitly encourage them (Series: Profiting from Addiction). MORE
May. 30, 2015
Federal Judge Katherine B Forrest sentences Ross W Ulbricht to life in prison for founding online marketplace Silk Road, through which many illegal drugs were sold; Forrest emphasizes fact that Ulbricht was pioneer in using Internet to circumvent law while handing down sentence; Forrest was also accused of soliciting murders of those he considered threats. MORE
May. 29, 2015
Arrest of Chinese chemist Haijun Tian highlights growing concerns that China is emerging as leading source of new, potent street drug called 'spice'; Tian is accused of being one of the largest exporters of drug, which looks like marijuana but is sprayed with dangerous hallucinogenic; issue reflects dangers of China's large and poorly regulated pharmaceutical industry. MORE
May. 27, 2015
Federal prosecutors ask District Court Judge Katherine B Forrest to impose sentence 'substantially above the mandatory minimum' for Ross W Ulbricht, founder of website Silk Road, who has been convicted on charges including distributing narcotics on Internet and engaging in continuing criminal enterprise, for which maximum sentence is life in prison; defense argues for mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years. MORE
May. 26, 2015
Editorial welcomes fact that many Latin American governments, including Colombia, are moving away from emphasis on prohibition and punishment as strategies for policing drug abuse and trafficking after years of following American 'bully pulpit' policies; suggests United States focus on helping these countries to promote regional cooperation in fight against drug trafficking. MORE
May. 25, 2015
Alpha-PVP, dangerous synthetic drug from China known commonly as flakka, is being blamed for 18 deaths in Broward County, Fla, since September; drug's low price, rapid spread and induced paranoid hallucinations make it particularly malignant. MORE
May. 24, 2015
Op-Ed article by Marc Mauer and David Cole welcomes fact that many presidential contenders, both Democrat and Republican, are calling for end to mass incarceration; suggests only by addressing true scale of problem will practice end; notes many of contributing factors to issue, such as mandatory drug sentencing laws and degree to which criminal justice is administered by states. MORE
May. 23, 2015
Federal authorities have charged Fabio Porfirio Lobo, son of former Honduran Pres Porfirio Lobo, with conspiring to import cocaine to the United States. MORE
May. 23, 2015
Mexican authorities say over 40 people died after federal police convoy was ambushed in southwestern part of country where Jalisco New Generation, powerful drug gang, has been ascendant. MORE
May. 23, 2015
Michael Wilson Crime Scene column notes documents filed as part of drug trafficking case against Jose A Mercedes and Yenci Cruz Francisco show that Francisco, executive of Mexico's Sinaloa cartel, went sightseeing while on visit to New York City. MORE
May. 23, 2015
Federal grand jury indicts former Wesleyan University students Eric Lonergan and Zachary Kramer for selling controlled substances, charges connected to hospitalization of several students at university who overdosed in February; Lonergan and Kramer were expelled after their arrest for dealing Molly, drug known as MDMA or Ecstasy, although what they had sold was in fact made from illegal substance AB-Fubinaca. MORE
May. 21, 2015
Seven doctors and 41 others are arrested in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi in what Drug Enforcement Agency calls its largest crackdown on illegal trafficking of prescription drugs, including oxycodone and hydrocodone. MORE
May. 20, 2015
Drug Enforcement Administration is investigating senior Venezuelan officials as part of broad probe into distribution of cocaine in Western Hemisphere MORE
May. 20, 2015
Drug Enforcement Agency raids Bronx apartment, seizing nearly 155 pounds of heroin with estimated street value of $50 million; smuggling operation, with ties to area of Mexico controlled by Sinaloa Cartel, had been receiving large shipments since 2013. MORE
May. 19, 2015
Ross W Ulbricht faces up to life in prison for his role in running once-thriving online drug marketplace Silk Road. MORE
May. 16, 2015
Countries in Latin America are increasingly deviating from many tenets of United States approach to combating drug trafficking, such as using prohibition and adopting militarized approach to deter growers of drug crops; shift marks waning US influence in region as well as changing attitudes toward drugs and drug enforcement. MORE
May. 16, 2015
New York City officials say Dept of Investigation inquiries have led to arrests of Rikers Island prison complex corrections Officer Patricia Howard and clinician Richard Bustamante Quon for attempting to smuggle drugs to prisoners; arrests come months after Mayor Bill de Blasio initiated campaign to crack down on smuggling of contraband into the facility. MORE
May. 15, 2015
Colombian government ends long-running program of aerial spraying of illegal plantings of coca, crop used to make cocaine, voicing worries spray causes cancer; program was major element in American-backed antidrug effort; move defying United States raises questions of efficacy of long-accepted strategies in war on drugs. MORE
May. 12, 2015
Damion Hardy, who was convicted of six murders and of running drug gang in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, in late 1990s and early 2000s, is sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole. MORE
May. 8, 2015
Federal authorities say Gregorio and Eleonora Gigliotti, who ran pizzeria in Corona, Queens, hid shipments of cocaine in refrigerated cargo containers and then distributed it New York and Italy; say international operation ring reached from Costa Rica to Italy. MORE
May. 8, 2015
Suspended Catholic clergyman Msgr Kevin Wallin is sentenced in Hartford to five and a half years in prison after apologizing for running methamphetamine distribution operation. MORE
May. 7, 2015
White House Office of National Drug Control Policy reports land used in Colombia to grow coca, plant used to make cocaine, has increased 39 percent since 2013, to to 276,758 acres; report is released after Colombian Health Ministry called for ban on use of herbicide glyphosate, centerpiece of coca crop eradication program financed by United States. MORE
May. 6, 2015
Austin, Ind, rural, socially conservative town of 4,200, is beset by almost 150 cases of HIV, spread largely by intravenous drug abuse, and fear and misinformation are slowing attempts to halt epidemic; experts say state-authorized needle exchange program is not being run properly by local officials in Scott County. MORE
May. 2, 2015
Violence erupts in Mexican state of Jalisco as federal forces attempt to crack down on major drug gang; banks and gas stations are set on fire and military helicopter is shot down, killing 3 soldiers and injuring several others. MORE
Apr. 30, 2015
Mary Jane Veloso, Philippine woman convicted of smuggling drugs into Indonesia in 2010, is rescued moments before execution after plea from Philippine government; eight other prisoners from various countries are executed for drug trafficking, drawing international outcry; execution is part of Indonesian Pres Joko Widodo's crackdown on drugs. MORE
Apr. 30, 2015
Jury finds Damion Hardy guilty on all 24 counts, ending decade-long legal battle that focused primarily Hady's mental state and ability to stand trial; Hardy had been charged with leading Brooklyn drug crew and ordering six murders. MORE
Apr. 29, 2015
Indonesia executes eight prisoners convicted of drug trafficking, despite international criticism; Mary Jane Veloso, ninth prisoner who was also scheduled for execution, is granted stay after Philippine government asks that she lend assistance to human trafficking case. MORE
Apr. 29, 2015
World Health Organization's finding that herbicide glyphosate 'probably' causes cancer prompts Health Ministry in Colombia to recommend stopping controversial American-funded program that sprays the chemical on crops of coca, plant from which cocaine is derived. MORE
Apr. 26, 2015
Indonesia is expected to move forward with execution of nine people, mostly foreigners, convicted of drug crimes, despite protests and diplomatic tensions; mass execution will be largest of its kind in decades, and comes amid campaign by Pres Joko Widodo to combat what he calls 'national emergency' of drug abuse. MORE
Apr. 26, 2015
Michael Botticelli is first person in substance-abuse recovery program to hold position of director of White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, or drug czar; Botticelli's appointment points to lessening stigma around addiction and beginnings of shift from punitive approach to drug abuse to one based on healing. MORE
Apr. 25, 2015
Indonesia gives 72-hour notice, as required by law, that nine foreigners from Australia, France, Brazil, Philippines and Nigeria will be executed for drug trafficking; exact date for executions will not be set until Indonesian Supreme Court rules on appeal of one Indonesian member of group. MORE
Apr. 25, 2015
Health officials in more than half dozen states are alarmed over increased recreational use of synthetic drug called spice, which simulates effects of marijuana but can be far more dangerous and in some cases fatal. MORE
Apr. 22, 2015
India says it intercepted Pakistani boat off its west coast that appeared to have about 500 pounds of heroin aboard, worth almost $100 million. MORE
Apr. 22, 2015
Supreme Court rules in case Rodriguez v United States that police may not prolong traffic stops in order to allow drug-sniffing dogs to inspect vehicles. MORE
Apr. 21, 2015
Indiana Gov Mike Pence extends needle exchange program as number of HIV cases in Scott County, linked to intravenous use of prescription painkiller Opana, continues to grow. MORE
Apr. 20, 2015
Mexican officials say they have arrested Jesus Salas, leader of Juarez Cartel, in town of Villa Ahumada; arrest happens on same days as capture of Gulf Cartel leader Jose TIburcio Hernandez Fuentes in city of Reynosa, which resulted in hours of street violence. MORE
Apr. 19, 2015
Experts warn that stimulant abuse has graduated from problem on college campuses to one that exists in work force, and interviews with dozens of people in variety of professions show that they and co-workers misuse such drugs to improve performance; drugs are prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and doctors warn that misuse can have lasting health consequences as well as risks of addiction and overdose. MORE
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Paying People to Be Healthy Usually Works, if the Public Can Stomach It
The idea seems to reward people for adopting poor health habits in the first place, but society stands to benefit.
July 7, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Motivation and Incentive Programs , Smoking and Tobacco , Drug Abuse and Traffic
Obama Plans Broader Use of Clemency to Free Nonviolent Drug Offenders
President Obama is expected to free dozens of nonviolent federal drug convicts, but he will barely dent prison populations that many Democrats and Republicans agree are swollen by excessive sentences.
July 4, 2015, Saturday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Obama, Barack , Amnesties, Commutations and Pardons , Prisons and Prisoners , Drug Abuse and Traffic , Mandatory Sentencing
Jailed American Executive Resigns From Toyota
Julie Hamp had been only recently promoted as part of an effort to introduce more diversity into the Japanese automaker's executive suite.
July 2, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Toyota Motor Corporation , Hamp, Julie A , Japan , Pain-Relieving Drugs , Drug Abuse and Traffic , Appointments and Executive Changes
A Church of Cannabis Tests Limits of Religious Law in Indiana
A church was created with the thinking that if Indiana's new law protected religious practices, then it should also permit marijuana use as part of a broader spiritual philosophy.
July 2, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Indiana , Marijuana , Freedom of Religion , Law and Legislation , Indianapolis (Ind) , First Church of Cannabis , Levin, Bill (1955- )
State Marijuana Laws Complicate Federal Job Recruitment
Applicants living where marijuana is legal are being warned that federal agencies still will not tolerate its use.
June 30, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Marijuana , Washington (State) , Government Employees , United States , Federal-State Relations (US) , Tests (Drug Use) , Hiring and Promotion , States (US) , Central Intelligence Agency , Federal Bureau of Investigation , State Department , Colorado
Why Gun Control and Abortion Are Different From Gay Marriage
Over time, civil rights expand, but there is far less clarity about the direction of public opinion on other issues.
June 30, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions and Domestic Partnerships , Discrimination , Gun Control , Abortion , Polls and Public Opinion , Civil Rights and Liberties , Marijuana , Race and Ethnicity
F.B.I. Opens Investigation Into New York Prison Where 2 Escaped
The investigation, which is focused on drug trafficking and other possible criminal conduct, is likely to raise the scrutiny of prison officials and the apparent lack of oversight before the escape.
June 30, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Clinton Correctional Facility , Matt, Richard W (1967- ) , Sweat, David P (1980- ) , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Prison Guards and Corrections Officers , Drug Abuse and Traffic , Prison Escapes , Dannemora (NY) , Prisons and Prisoners , Corruption (Institutional) , Palmer, Gene E (1958- ) , Mitchell, Joyce E (1964- )
Amy Winehouse Documentary Lets Nobody Off the Hook
Those who decided to make a film about the soul singer's legacy may not have gotten exactly what they expected, especially her family.
June 30, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Movies , Music , Kapadia, Asif , Cannes International Film Festival , Documentary Films and Programs , Drug Abuse and Traffic , Winehouse, Amy , Amy (Movie)
Nuevo documental sobre Amy Winehouse explora sus demonios y relaciones más íntimas
La película de Asif Kapadia explora las tensiones que llevaron al trágico fin de la cantante Amy Winehouse.
June 30, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Movies , Music , Kapadia, Asif , Cannes International Film Festival , Documentary Films and Programs , Drug Abuse and Traffic , Winehouse, Amy , Amy (Movie)
Employers' Policies on Marijuana
An attorney with the Drug Policy Alliance discusses a court ruling on drug testing by employers.
June 26, 2015, Friday
MORE ON DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFIC AND: Marijuana , Colorado , Law and Legislation
Profiting From the Desperate
Daniel Puff, a recovering drug addict, is caught in an unregulated housing system, known as "three-quarter" housing, that preys on the vulnerable homeless.
The 1990 N.F.L. Draft: Keith McCants
Keith McCants was the fourth pick in the 1990 draft. During his six seasons in the N.F.L., he became addicted to painkillers, and later went to jail, lived on the street and battled depression.
Portraits of an Execution in Indonesia
Indonesia was to have executed 10 drug convicts in April in its largest mass execution in decades. A firing squad executed eight of them on April 29, but two were granted temporary reprieves.
'Page One': David Carr on Drug Addiction
In this scene from 'Page One: Inside the New York Times,' a 2011 documentary directed by Andrew Rossi, the media reporter David Carr opens up about his past personal demons with drugs.
In Myanmar, Harvesting for Heroin
A toxic mix of civil war and poverty has driven some Burmese farmers back to the poppy, satisfying a growing global hunger for heroin.
America's Addiction
Opioids cause more deaths in the United States than any other drug. Here is a photographic history of the nation's relationship with these and other narcotics.
Gawkers Above, Death Below in Kabul
Evidence of Kabul's deepening heroin crisis can be found at the Pul-i-Sokhta bridge, where Afghans pause to reflect upon and pity those swallowed by addiction.
In Amazon, Cocaine's Deadly Corridor
The Amazon has long been a conduit for cocaine trafficked from the Andes to the Atlantic. But increasingly, drugs have been diverted to Manaus leading to a surge in crime and violence.
Jade's Journey Marked by Drugs and Death
As China grows, so does its appetite for jade. But the gemstone's journey from Myanmar's mines to China's consumers follows a trail of addiction, infection and exploitation.
Order for Summons, in Lieu of Arrest, for Possession of Marijuana
The procedure for the issuance of a criminal court summons for a person found with 25 grams or less of marijuana in a public place and open to public view.
Rss Feeds On Drug Abuse and Traffic
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?
Get Alerts On Drug Abuse and Traffic
Receive My Alerts e-mails on topics covered on this page.More Alerts >>


text:
Harrison County has a new sign to welcome visitors to the Mississippi Gulf Coast, thanks in part to the efforts of a number of Oktibbeha County residents.
The sandblasted redwood sign is 18 feet wide and boasts three pelicans, each of which are three times larger than a life-sized pelican. The sign is part of a larger beach restoration project along a quarter-mile stretch of Highway 90 in Gulfport.
To subscribe to the E-edition, please click here [3].
[1] mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com
[2] http://starkvilledailynews.com/sites/default/files/DSCN0673smaller.jpg
[3] http://starkvilledailynews.com/eedition


text:
coinciding with the beginning of Paris fashion week was the opening of 'NECK PLUS ULTRA', the Henrik Vibskov solo exhibition at the Galerie des Galeries in Paris, which I attended and wanted to share with you. Though he might be better known for his fashion, Henrik Vibskov is a complete multitalent creator who also likes to mix genres and explore other fields of creativity such as art and music.
For his first solo show in Paris the Danish designer takes the visitor into his imaginary, playful and poetic universe, a fantasia world made of strong colours, graphic patterns, surrealist installations, geometrical shapes, textures and textiles. Mysterious puppeteers crossing a 'forest' of black fabric flamingos hung upside down (the center piece from 'The Stiff Neck Chamber', Vibskov's aw1314 catwalk show) or walking through a hypnotic spinning wind tunnel, colourful wooden puzzle artwork or woven pieces, stunning rainbow images in collaboration with photographer Thomas Jessen made using a soap bubble wall, giant yarns of wool braids on springs, sculptures in foam & stockings resembling strange larvae part of an entomologist's collection and walls 'vomiting' wool. Whether on a runway or in an art gallery Henrik Vibskov never ceases to surprise with his very strong and recognizable signature style.
February 27 - May 4
Galerie des Galeries
Lafayette Coupole - 1st floor
40 bd. Haussmann 75009 Paris
Tuesday to Saturday from 11:00am to 07:00pm
free entrance
Text & photography
Jean-Luc Dupont


text:
October 2008 Articles & Features
adjust text size:
Service Slants
By Tom Rosario | October 2008
Over 10,000 solutions to service concerns based on OEM TSBs covering over 25 years of domestic and imported cars, light trucks, and vans. Search By Vehicle, System, Or Symptom!
HondaRear suspension noise. Some 1988-2000 Civics, 1993-97 Del Sols and 1997-2001 CR-Vs may emit a loud clunk or squeak from the rear suspension when going over rough or bumpy roads.
One likely cause for the noise, reports Honda, is a damaged or broken rear trailing arm bushing. The problem can occur on one or both sides of the vehicle. Replacing the bushing(s) with a revised, better-designed part should eliminate the racket in short order. Order Part No. 52385-SR3-000 for Civic and Del Sol models, 52385-SR3-003 for the CR-V.
Start the repair by getting the vehicle up on a lift and removing the rear trailing arm. If you look carefully at the old bushing you'll notice an arrow at the base of the metal spindle. Once you locate it, mark the trailing arm in the same spot with a grease pencil or dab of paint. Now take the trailing arm over to your press and press the damaged bushing out of the arm.
Install the new, revised bushing into the trailing arm, making sure its short end is positioned toward the outside of the vehicle and the arrow on the spindle aligns with the mark you made on the arm. Now slowly press the bushing into the trailing arm. Continue pressing until the upper edge of the bushing is 10 to 12mm above the surface of the arm, as shown in the illustration above. Once you get it there, stop, then reinstall the trailing arm back into the vehicle. To complete the repair, bleed the brakes and check and, if necessary, adjust the wheel alignment to specs.
GM TruckAir bag light on, DTC set. Some 2005-08 GM midsize SUVs (full vehicle list below) may illuminate the air bag light on the dash. If the only code you pull with your scanner is DTC B1000, and it's accompanied by symptom code 37 either current or in history, chances are the Passenger Presence System (PPS) module is misinterpreting its diagnostic check and setting a false DTC. Reprogram-ming the PPS module with a Tech 2 scanner and updated calibration files available from TIS2WEB on the Internet is the only way to get rid of the phony B1000 code. After the flash is completed, you'll have to perform a PPS rezero/preload procedure to get the full effects of the updated software. Check with a manual or your repair information system for the specifics.
Trucks that are prone to the bogus code and can benefit from the new PPS software are 2005-08 Cadillac SRX and Chevy Equinox models, 2006-08 Pontiac Torrents, 2007-08 GMC Acadias and 2008 Buick Enclaves.
Dodge Truck/JeepMIL on, EGR DTCs stored. Some 2006-07 Dodge Ram Trucks and Durangos, and Jeep Grand Cherokees and Commanders, all with 5.7L engines, may turn on the MIL and store EGR codes P0404, P0405 and/or P0406 in computer memory.
If there are no driveability issues associated with the illuminated MIL and the vehicle was built on or before 2/12/07, chances are the codes are bogus. Reprogramming the PCM with updated software is the only reliable fix. To do the flash, you'll need a StarSCAN scan tool operating at software release level 7.03 SP1 or higher. The new calibration files can be retrieved directly off the Internet. After the reprogramming job is complete, don't forget to fill out an Authorized Modification Label and affix it near the VECI label; it's the law.
JeepFouled spark plugs. Some 2002-04 Liberty and Cherokee models, along with 2003-04 Wranglers (all with the 2.4L Four), may foul their spark plugs, usually during cold engine warm-up. Using two new-design replacement plugs (Champion RE16MC and NGK LZTR4A-11) will eliminate the problem. Before installing the new plugs, gap them to .040 in. Jeep recommends installing new ignition wires along with the plugs, to prevent the secondary ignition flashover that can occur when the cable boots take a thermal set to the ceramic on the old plugs.
SaabReduced power, intermittent MIL illumination, DTC stored. Drivers of 2005-08 9-7X models may come in with a complaint that the engine is down on power. In many cases, the MIL will illuminate intermittently, with DTC 2138 (Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor 1-2 Correlation) stored in PCM memory when the engine's power goes south.
In plain English, all the code means is that the module is seeing a voltage difference between accelerator pedal position sensors 1 and 2 for more than two seconds. One likely cause for the voltage discrepancy, says Saab, is a corroded instrument panel-to-body harness connector. Water infiltration is the ultimate villain.
To make a definitive diagnosis, head for the left-hand kick panel area of the vehicle and locate the IP-to-body harness connector. Now separate the male and female halves of the connector and look for corrosion or the presence of water. If you see neither, continue troubleshooting the problem. If corrosion or water is an issue, replace the connector, find and seal off the leak, then go on a road test to verify that the problem has been eliminated.
FordDifficulty starting, possible oil leak. Owners of 2005 Taurus and Sable models with 3.0L, two-valve V6s built between 9/27/04 and 9/28/04 may complain that their engine is unusually difficult to start. According to Ford, the problem typically will be accompanied by oil leakage at the oil filter base, and is most likely the result of excessively high oil pressure. A stuck pressure relief valve in the oil pump is the likely cause.
To make a definitive diagnosis, install a pressure gauge into the oil pressure port, then start the engine and look at the reading when the engine reaches operating temperature. If the gauge reads above 150 psi, that nails the relief valve as the culprit. Replacing the oil pump with an upgraded unit (Part No. 2F1Z-6600-AA) should eliminate further trouble.
AcuraClunking noise from front suspension. All 2001-04 MDX sport/utes, as well as 2005 models built between VIN 2HNYD....5H500001 and 2HNYD....5H549070, are prone to producing an irritating clunking sound from the front suspension while traveling over bumpy roads.
One likely cause for the noise, reports Acura, is a worn or damaged front stabilizer link. The problem can occur on one or both sides of the truck. Installing upgraded links from a special link set (Part No. 06513-S0X-A00) should help eliminate further noise issues. New self-locking nuts are provided with the updated links.
SaturnMIL on, DTC(s) set. Saturn reports that some of its 2003 ION models may turn on the MIL and set DTC P0116 and/or P1683 in computer memory. If conventional diagnosis doesn't turn up anything unusual in the feedback system, chances are the code(s) is bogus and the result of an overly sensitive PCM. Reprogramming the module with updated calibration files is the only way to permanently knock out the MIL. You'll find the new software on data CD TIS release 04/2003 or higher.
ToyotaNoise when opening or closing door(s). Some 2000-01 Avalon sedans may emit a loud popping or creaking sound when one or more doors are opened or closed. Toyota attributes the noise to either a damaged door check-to-pillar retaining screw or a defective door check itself.
Start your diagnosis by removing the door check retaining screw at the pillar and examining the threads. If the threads look torn up, replace the screw and tighten to 19 ft.-lbs. If the threads look good, reinstall the screw and tighten to the same torque value. Now open and close the door. If the noise is gone, you're done with the fix. If it's still there, replace the door check with an updated design. Here are the parts specifics:
Door Check Part No.
Right Front 68610-AC011
Left Front 68620-AC011
Right Rear 68630-AC011
Left Rear 68640-AC011
KiaAccelerated brake wear, pedal vibration. Kia reports that 1994-99 Sephia models can suffer from accelerated front brake wear along with a wicked vibration that sets up when the brake pedal is applied at highway speeds.
Poor lining material in the front brake pads is responsible for both complaints, says the Korean carmaker. Installing new pads with an improved friction formulation (Part No. 0K2A4 33 23Z) should put an end to the brake issues. For your information, the new-design pads have a green backing plate, vs. the black backing plate of the old-design pads.
GMEngine noise, possible illuminated MIL. Some 1993-2002 Chevy/Geo Prizms, along with 2003-04 Pontiac Vibes, may produce a rattling sound from underneath the valve cover. According to GM, the noise may be accompanied by an illuminated MIL, and is the result of a bent or cracked oil baffle inside the valve cover just under the oil fill cap. The baffle is designed to help keep oil away from the PCV valve. When damaged, however, it will allow oil to be ingested into the intake manifold. That can lead to detonation, which is what causes the MIL to come on.
To prevent these needless complications, GM warns that you should never use heavy funnels or force any funnel into the oil fill hole of Prizm and Vibe engines. Doing so can place lots of strain on the baffle, causing it to bend or crack, and leading to the problems mentioned.
MitsubishiFront brake noise. Owners of 2002-03 Lancer models may complain of a click, squeal or groan from the front brakes when the pedal is applied on the open road. Mitsubishi has two distinct solutions, depending on the type of noise you hear. For the clicking condition, order updated brake pad shims (Part No. MN116605), which have a special rubberized coating. If the brakes squeal or groan, order updated front pads (Part No. MN116604), which are made with an improved friction formulation.
InfinitiSqueal or whine at idle. Some 1997-2000 QX4 luxury sport/utes may produce a squealing or whining sound from the front of the engine while idling. One likely source of the noise, says Infiniti, is a dry or damaged a/c idler pulley bearing.
To make a definitive diagnosis, run the engine until you hear the squealing or whining sound. Now place a stethoscope in the vicinity of the idler pulley. If you confirm that it's the bearing that's making the ruckus, replace the idler pulley and pulley bracket with updated components (Part Nos. 11923-0W002 and 11926-0W020, respectively.) Infiniti cautions that the new parts must be installed as a set to get the benefits of the upgraded design. On 2000 models, also replace the tube clip on the bracket with Part No. 92552-2W601.
After the new parts are installed, check the a/c belt for fraying, glazing or excessive wear, and replace as necessary. Now install the belt and adjust the tension so that the deflection between the a/c compressor and idler pulley is .350 to .390 in. for a new belt, .410 to 450 in. for a used belt. Once the tension is to spec, tighten the pulley adjusting bolt to 25 ft.-lbs. to complete the fix.
NissanInoperative interior lights. The interior lights (map lights, dome light, vanity lights, etc.) on 2003 Muranos built before 11/25/02 may stop working for no apparent reason. One possible cause of the anomaly, reports Nissan, is internal circuitry problems in the body control module (BCM).
Start your diagnosis by making sure the courtesy lamp fuse isn't blown. Replace it if it is, of course. Now close all the windows and sunroof and disconnect the battery ground cable. Wait five minutes or so, then reconnect the ground cable. If the courtesy lamps still don't work, this information doesn't apply. If the lamps do work, then you know that the BCM has circuitry gremlins. Updated modules are available to address the issue. Order Part No. 284B1-CA508 if the vehicle has halogen headlights, 284B1-CA509 if it has xenon headlights. After the new BCM is installed, you'll need to program, or code, the keys and remotes to the new module.
ToyotaMIL on, catalyst DTC stored. Toyota reports that some of its 2001-03 Sienna minivans may illuminate the MIL and store DTC P0420 (Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold—Bank 1) in computer memory. If conventional diagnostics doesn't reveal anything out of the ordinary in the emissions and feedback systems, the code is likely bogus, says the Asian carmaker. Installing a new PCM with updated software is the only reliable way of turning the MIL off.
To determine which new module to install, you'll need to get the part number off the old unit. Here are the relevant numbers:
Old PCM Revised PCM
89661-08061 89661-08062
89661-08070 89661-08071
89661-08080 89661-08081
GMABS and/or Traction Off warning light illuminated, DTCs logged. Some 2003-04 Chevy Cavaliers and Pontiac Sunfires may turn on the ABS and/or Traction Off warning light on the instrument panel. If the problem is accompanied by trouble codes C1223 and C1225, reports GM, chances are you're dealing with an intermittent connection at the front wheel speed sensor jumper harness.
According to the General, the left-side harness is more prone to the problem than the right, but visually inspecting both harness connectors is the sound diagnostic approach. If you find that the wires have unseated from either connector, replacing the jumper harness with a new-design unit (Part No. 12187091) should result in a lasting fix.
To install the new harness, raise the car on a lift and remove the three forward harness clips. Save them. Now remove the two clips at the control arm and throw them out (new ones are supplied with the new harness). Next, disconnect the wheel speed sensor connector, plug in the new harness, route it away from moving parts and install the five clips.
Continue the job by cutting the tape and pulling back on the conduit tube of the old harness. Cut the wires and splice them to the new harness using the splice clips provided. Now install the conduit tube over the new harness and seal everything up with electrical tape. To complete the repair, lower the vehicle and go on a road test to verify that the warning light(s) stays off.


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The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) today backed a strike by journalists at the Croatian daily newspaper Voice of Istria in a crucial battle over workers' rights and independent journalism in the country.
The IFJ affiliate the Croatian Journalists' Union, which organises 117 workers at the Glas Istre Novine company, has called a strike tomorrow after nine months of turmoil at the paper which has seen a company buy-out, plans for massive wage cuts, job losses and internal interference in the work of journalists.
"This strike is a result of management 'slash and burn' tactics and a refusal to negotiate with the union," said Aidan White, IFJ General Secretary. "The workforce refuses to see their rights wiped away by a company that has lost all sense of decency in its treatment of staff."
The European Federation of Journalists today called on journalists across Europe to support journalists at the BBC who have launched a strike campaign to defend pension rights. At the weekend journalists staged a successful 48-hour stoppage across the network, forcing a number of flagship programmes off the air. Now fresh actions are planned as the network seeks to impose a "pay-more, get-less" retirement plan on thousands of its staff.
"The BBC journalists are showing the way to tackle head-on the media agenda of cuts and down-grading of staff rights," said Aidan White, EFJ General Secretary. "It's a strike campaign that will resonate in all European media houses where journalists and media staff are being targeted to shoulder the burden of the financial crisis."
The EFJ says that European journalists are facing savage budget cuts, declining social rights and a lack of social dialogue not just in the broadcasting sector, but across the whole of the media landscape.
The NWU National Executive Board voted to oppose an Arizona law, House Bill 2281, which threatens ethnic studies classes in the state. The vote took place at the September 25-26 meeting in New York City.
Outgoing Arizona Schools Superintendent Tom Horne drafted the measure after launching vicious public attacks on the ethnic studies program, particularly Mexican-American Studies class of the Tucson Unified School District. Horne, a Republican, is running for Arizona Attorney General...
With the folding of daily newspapers and an overwhelming number of other commercial print publications, the bulk of paid published writing has shifted to the Internet. In the world of Internet publishing, we have seen the rise of Content Farms claiming to offer desirable writing assignments. These companies, owned by AOL, Yahoo and Demand Media among others, pay writers very little—such as $50 dollars for ten or more 500 word articles, pay by amount of web site page clicks—and other nonspecific methods with no guaranteed amount or very low payment. Demand Media, which has contracts with the San Francisco Chronicle, the National Football League, The Houston Chronicle and more, boasts of having 10,000 freelance writers that they pay a penny-a-word!
Despite long hours of travel to get to Washington, UAW members showed up in the thousands to support the march's goals. Photo by Susan Kramer.
"The voices of division will try to divide us by race, gender, age and other ways. Those rallying here today are leading us on a path of community, of compassion and common humanity." That's what UAW President Bob King told almost 200,000 marchers from more than 300 unions and progressive organizations at the "One Nation Working Together" rally.
On September 24, the FBI raided the homes of anti-war activists in Chicago and Minneapolis, removing computers, cell phones, boxes of papers, posters, children's art and more. They claim they were investigating "material support for terrorism." More than a dozen federal warrants were served in four states calling people to testify at a Grand Jury this week. On September 27, NWU President Larry Goldbetter issued the following statement which was read by NWU members at a rally protesting the raids in front of FBI headquarters in Chicago. He and other NWU members joined a similar rally in NY on September 28.
In its press release, the European Federation of Journalists demands that journalists currently in jail in Turkey must be set free immediately if the movement towards key changes in the country's constitution is to deliver promises of democracy and freedom.
The EFJ has joined its affiliate, the Turkish Journalists Union (TGS), in a call for the immediate and unconditional release of more than 40 journalists jailed in Turkey who they say are in prison for nothing more than doing their job.
Crain's new york business.com reported that freelance workers in NY state are owed more than $4.7 billion in lost wages. The article (http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20100829/SMALLBIZ/308299994) sited a study by a Rutgers University economist that "shows that 42% of nearly 900,000 independent workers in New York State reported having trouble collecting payment for their labors last year."
Lee Lockwood (1932-2010), a photojournalist who made his name with influential 1960s articles about Fidel Castro and an American prisoner of war in North Vietnam, was a member of the National Writers Union from 1989 until he retired in 2006. He died on July 31 of complications from diabetes.
Lee Lockwood (1932-2010), a photojournalist who made his name with influential 1960s articles about Fidel Castro and an American prisoner of war in North Vietnam, was a member of the National Writers Union from 1989 until he retired in 2006. He died on July 31 of complications from diabetes.
According to an obituary in the August 7 New York Times, Lockwood viewed his work as a photojournalist as an instrument of social change. A freelancer, he was associated for many years with the Black Star Agency, which sent his work to newspapers and magazines around the world.
Lockwood also wrote books. His most famous, Castro's Cuba, Cuba's Castro: An American Journalist's Inside Look at Today's Cuba in Text and Pictures (Macmillian, 1967), was based on a week-long, smoke-filled interview for Playboy in 1965. The book covered a wide range of topics, from Marxism, the Cuban missile crisis, and American race relations to sex and prostitution. Lockwood explained in the introduction why he wrote the book: "We don't like Castro, so we close our eyes and hold our ears, Yet if he is really our enemy, as dangerous to us as we are told he is, then we ought to know as much about him as possible."
While in Cuba, Lockwood obtained a visa to North Vietnam, the scene of another famous article. That made him the first outside photographer allowed there in more than a decade. Lockwood's 28-day visit was chronicled in a long, heavily illustrated cover article for the April 7, 1967, issue of Life magazine. As the Times notes, "In words and pictures, Mr. Lockwood portrayed the life of a country then under heavy bombardment by United States forces: bare, ruined villages; deserted factories; a boy with a missing leg, lost to a bomb," as well as scenes of everyday life.
One of Lockwood's subjects was American Navy pilot Lt. Cmdr. Richard A. Stratton, who had been shot down and captured in January 1967. Clad in striped prison pajamas, Stratton read a "confession" denouncing U.S. bombing over a loudspeaker and then bowed on orders from a prison official. Lockwood's photo of Stratton bowing, given a full page in Life, was reproduced around the world. Coupled with Lockwood's description of Stratton – "His eyes were empty.… His expression never changed." – the State Department soon after charged the Vietnamese with brainwashing. However, in a Times interview in 2008, Stratton called his actions merely common sense: "You are being tortured, and all you have to do to get them to stop is say the same thing that Bobby Kennedy is saying."
Lockwood joined the Boston Chapter of the NWU in 1989, inspired by the opportunity to belong to a fighting union. The 1954 graduate of Boston University with a degree in comparative literature showed an avid interest in computers in the early 1990s when other writers were pooh-poohing the emerging technology. Members remember that he gave an informative workshop on that topic for the Western New England Chapter. A review of Boston Chapter doings yielded this from 1993: "Lee Lockwood wanted more on-line exchange of information and ideas, so he pressed the NWU to make our bulletin board an active networking service."
The major arena where Lockwood contributed his many skills to the NWU was the Grievance and Contract Division where from 1992 to 2005 he spent about 90 percent of his time as a contract advisor. Phil Mattera, the long-standing National Book Grievance Officer, remembers: "Lee was also the member who brought the NWU's first grievance (in 1994) involving an electronic book. Playboy Enterprises was putting together a CD-ROM compilation of interviews from the magazine and planned to include Lee's Castro piece – without asking permission and without more than token compensation. Unlike other contributors to the magazine, Lee had never signed over all rights. After getting publicity for the case in Publishers Weekly, The Wall Street Journal and other publications, we got Playboy to pay Lee a $1,000 fee."
Having members of Lee Lockwood's reputation certainly enhanced the NWU's stature and encouraged similar writers to join. We salute Lockwood's many professional achievements and contributions to the NWU as we continue to advocate for freelance writers' rights which greatly concerned him.
Note: If you wish to send a few words of remembrance to the Lockwood family, you may do so via the online guest book. It's interesting to note that Richard Stratton posted the following message there: "Lee's 1967 Life Magazine "Bowing Picture" ensured my release from Hanoi in 1973. For this my family is forever grateful. Deepest sympathy from our family to yours." One hopes Lockwood knew that.
Susan E. Davis
National Contract Advisor
Book Division Co-Chair
New York Chapter Co-Chair
The National Writers Union joins with the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ) in condemning the brutal murder of Faiz Mohammad Khan Sasolion June 27.