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Al-Jazeera America - so far, so American. A smartphone acceptable to ultra-Orthodox rabbis. And what a homeless man found . . . and returned.
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From pres-outlook
LOUISVILLE (PNS) The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) headquarters suffered minor water and smoke damage in a July 6 three-building fire that consumed half of a historic block in downtown Louisville.
From www
Nadia Bolz Weber, a foul-mouthed, tattoo-loving Lutheran pastor who was once a Pagan, an alcoholic and a stand-up comedian, is reinventing church.
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - Korean American church leaders gather in nation's capital
From www
Korean American church leaders gather in nation's capital
America remains buried under three feet of glitter. More than 1,000 people have died during a Ramadan heatwave in Karachi. And an "abortion drone" was spotted dropping pills over conservative Poland. Read on.
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) to help churches recently damage/destroyed by fire
From www
In a joint statement released on July 1, PC(USA) leaders urged everyone to offer prayers and financial support to the churches. "As Christians we live in hope of a Beloved Community where racism and other evils that divide us are washed away. Even as we wait, we are called to work with all our energy and resources to make that a reality. In support of that vision, we urge all Presbyterians and their congregations to reach out to their African American neighbors, assuring them of their love and support, including a willingness to stand with them in the face of danger."
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - Presbyterian Mission Agency Consolidates Two Ministry Areas into Theology, Formation and Evangelism
From www
Two Presbyterian Mission Agency ministries have merged to form Theology, Formation and Evangelism. The two areas involved were previously called Theology, Worship and Education and Evangelism and Church Growth.
From pres-outlook
RICHMOND, Va. – The Mary Morton Parsons Foundation has approved a two-to-one challenge grant of $300,000 to Union Presbyterian Seminary for The Syngman Rhee Global Mission Center for Christian Education. The Parsons Foundation approved the...
(RNS) The vote marks a victory for a broad international movement which aims to pressure Israel into extracting itself from Palestinian lands by a strategy known as BDS -- Boycotts, Divestment, Sanctions.
Clergy Arrested as "Moral Mondays" Protests Legislative Corruption and Inaction | Presbyterian Peace Fellowship
Rev. Shannan Vance Ocampo, of Albany Presbytery said: "The dysfunction in our legislature is frustrating to begin with, but the inability to advance policies which serve the common good is devastating for the people of our communities who continue to struggle in the most unequal state in the nation. As leaders of faith communities, we know this first-hand because we are at the front lines of help and service to these communities which have been long ignored and exploited. Hunger and poverty won't take a break at the end of the session, and families will continue to bear an undue burden as the rich enjoy tax breaks and advantages bought through campaign contribution loopholes. As people of faith, we have a moral imperative to demand our elected officials work to serve every person in our state, and not just their wealthy benefactors. We can stand in no other place than here as faith communities because we stand for all people and believe in the equality and dignity of all people. We will continue to oppose an immoral state budget with all that we have. We will not be silent."
From marciglass
It is an odd relationship–the way ministers often act as agents of the state to sign civil marriage licenses. We can't sign any other documents on behalf of the state.
From pres-outlook
RICHMOND, Va. (Union Seminary communications) Kenneth J. McFayden, a widely recognized expert in leadership and change, has been appointed the next academic dean of the Richmond campus of Union Presbyterian Seminary.
From pres-outlook
LOUISVILLE (PNS) Three worshiping communities have been named winners of the 2015 Sam and Helen R. Walton Award—for their excellence as new church starts in their local communities. The winning communities will each receive $35,000.
On New Year's Day 1965, hundreds of gay San Franciscans arrived at 625 Polk Street in the city's Tenderloin district for a much-anticipated "Mardi Gras Ball."
Below is an edited version of the Keynote delivered in at the United Church of Christ General Synod on June 29, 2015 in Cleveland, Oh. The theme of the Synod was "Unexpected Places."
From donsweeting
"I fix all the blame of these extraordinary proceedings upon the Presbyterians." So one colonist loyal to King George wrote to friends in England.
Sermon delivered by Rev. Dr. J. Herbert Nelson, II on Tuesday, June 30, 2015 on the occasion of remembering the Charleston 9 and embracing the issue of race in the United States.
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - PC(USA) leaders issue statement on church burnings
From www
PC(USA) leaders issue statement on church burnings
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - Presbyterian Mission Agency Board responds to lawsuit
From www
Dermody, former deputy executive director for mission, filed a defamation suit against the PC(USA) May 29, 2015, in Louisville's Jefferson Circuit Court.
He is one of four PC(USA) employees placed on paid administrative leave Nov. 14, 2014, while an independent investigation was conducted regarding the establishment of an unauthorized nonprofit corporation, the Presbyterian Centers for New Church Innovations, Inc. (PCNCI). An announcement was made June 1, 2015, that the four were no longer employed by the Presbyterian Mission Agency.
The Rev. Eric Hoey filed a similar suit on June 16, 2015. A response to Hoey's suit is due on or before July 8. Hoey is the former director of Evangelism and Church Growth at the PC(USA).
The PC(USA)'s response claims Dermody is barred from bringing civil charges against the church by the "ecclesiastical abstention doctrine or ministerial exception." These clauses assert Dermody, as a teaching elder of the PC(USA), agreed to the disciplinary process—including reporting of disciplinary actions—as a condition of his ordination.
The response further claims the reporting of disciplinary action against Dermody, made to the presbytery and the wider denomination, were "required by the Church's policies and practices informed by its faith and polity."
The church denies Dermody's claims of defamation, asserting, "Any statements made by or attributed to the [PC(USA)] were true or substantially true." The defense states moreover that the church is not legally responsible for rumors or gossip that spread after these truthful statements were made, or for reports published by third parties such as the Presbyterian Outlook.
From pres-outlook
Guest commentary by Denise Anderson On June 17, 2015, nine people were shot and killed at Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina, by a white supremacist. Since then six predominantly black churches across the South have gone up in flames.
Within 10 minutes on Monday morning, I ran into not one, but two news stories covering the "Christian reaction" to the Supreme Court's ruling last week affirming the rights of citizens to same-sex marriage.
Brother, when you reference the Bible with a level of biblical illiteracy you have shown in your response to the SCOTUS ruling on same-sex marriage, it is too much. You have embarrassed yourself and your clan.
From pres-outlook
LOUISVILLE (PNS) Two Presbyterian Mission Agency ministries have merged to form Theology, Formation and Evangelism. The two areas involved were previously called Theology, Worship and Education and Evangelism and Church Growth.
From www
Lamenting with Mother Emanual AME June 29, 2015 DePayne Middleton-Doctor, Cynthia Hurd, Susie Jackson, Ethel Lance, Clementa Pinckney, Tywanza Sanders, Daniel Simmons, Sharonda Coleman-Singleton, and Myra Thompson: nine human beings,...
Jane Spahr, the former Presbyterian minister who defied the mainline Protestant denomination's
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Paylogic Network, LLC filed as a Florida Limited Liability in the State of Florida on Tuesday, February 5, 2013 and is approximately two years old, as recorded in documents filed with Florida Department of State. The filing is currently active as of the last data refresh which occured on Sunday, June 7, 2015.
Anthony Garay serves as the and has interests in other corporate entities including Prestige Medical Cbc Inc., Bizness Solutions LLC , and Govpay Network, LLC . Anthony's past corporate affiliations include Lime and Pink Inc., Tbg Vending Inc. and eight others.
The registered agent for the company is Garay Anthony. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Paylogic Network, LLC
Anthony J. Garay
|Filing Type:
|Florida Limited Liability
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Tuesday, February 5, 2013
|Registered Agent
|Garay Anthony
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|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Paylogic Network, LLC combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
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|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Paylogic Network, LLC.

subset: commoncrawl


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Pretty Little Liars
Pretty Little Liars Season 4 Spoiler: Episode 2 Title Revealed
The Pretty Little Liars Season 3 finale left us with more questions than ever, and we can hardly wait for Season 4, which premieres on June 11. Fortunately, the cast and crew are already hard at work crafting the next installment of the series, which means we're getting lots of spoilers — including some new episode titles!
Read spoilers at your own risk! For more on Wetpaint Entertainment's philosophy on spoilers, click here.
We already knew the Season 4 premiere will be called "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e." Now, thanks to SpoilerTV, we also know the title of Episode 2, which is "Turn of the Shoe."
If you're raising your eyebrow at that odd name, this might help: The Turn of the Screw is a famous ghost story by Henry James. Given Pretty Little Liars' love of referencing classic literature and film, we assume the title is an intentional nod to that novella.
The Turn of the Screw is an ambiguous story involving a governess who begins to see mysterious figures on the grounds of the estate that she's working on. It's a novella filled with dark secrets, and "ghosts" that may or may not be all in the governess's mind. Sound familiar? It's certainly a story that meshes with Pretty Little Liars on a thematic level.
Now, how do shoes factor into this? We have no idea. But we hope this episode will give us more insight in the perhaps not-so-supernatural appearances of Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse). Or, even better: Maybe we'll finally get an explanation of the "ghost" girl Ashley Marin (Laura Leighton) saw in the Season 3 Halloween episode (Season 3, Episode 13: "This Is a Dark Ride").
(It's worth noting that this title hasn't been verified elsewhere yet, but this certainly sounds like a Pretty Little Liars episode title to us.)
Find more Pretty Little Liars spoilers here.
Pretty Little Liars Season 4 premieres on Tuesday, June 11, 2013 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on ABC Family.
Source: Spoiler TV


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Jabra Extreme2 uses the latest in noise reduction technology to drown out everything, except your voice. It includes Noise Blackout 3.0 and HD Voice technology.
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Hi, had a Jabra before and was very pleased, picked up this newer version and was blown away how good it was, seemed 10x better then my old one which I liked alot. I would tell anyone to go out and pick this up if your searching to buy one. You will not be upset. Thanks
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Friday, May 16, 2014
Eunice O. Hilliard
MACON — Eunice Overby Hilliard, 90, died Wednesday ,May 14, 2014, peacefully at her home.
She was a Warren County native, born to the late Clemmie Benton and Ida Yancey Overby. She was also preceded in death by her husband of 68 years, Mack Hilliard; two sisters, Thelma Overby Wagner and Lucille Overby Aycock; and four brothers, Clifton Jeffress (Mutt) Overby, Charles Brantley Overby, Garland Graham Overby and James Edwin Overby.
At her death, Eunice was the oldest living member of Macon Baptist Church where she served as a member of many various committees and held many offices. Besides her church work, she loved her family very dearly, cooking, arranging and growing flowers, and she especially enjoyed shopping.
Funeral services will be conducted at 11 a.m. Saturday, May 17, by the Rev. Rob Evans and Dr. W. Dan Parker at Macon Baptist Church with burial to follow in Greenwood Cemetery in Macon.
She is survived by two sons, Mack Elree Hilliard, and wife Nancy, Benny Hilliard and wife Katherine, and one daughter, Kaye Hall and husband Billy. She is also survived by five grandchildren, Will Hilliard, and wife Amy, Derrick Hall, Jason Hall and wife Sheena, Amanda Cabiness and husband Kris, and Erik Hilliard. There are also four great grandchildren, Ben and Evan Hilliard, Harley Hall, and Kati Cabiness, and two very special caregivers, Martha Stainback and Kerry Burrows.
Flowers are accepted, or memorials may be made to Macon Baptist Church, P.O. Box 12, Macon, NC 27551
The family will receive friends Friday evening from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. at Blaylock Funeral Home in Warrenton. Online condolences may be made at www.blaylockfh.com.
Clyde R. Owens Sr.
GLEN ALLEN, Va. — Clyde Roland Owens Sr., 75, of Glen Allen, Virginia, died Monday, May 12, 2014.
He was born to the late Leon R. Owens and Myra Belangia Owens in Harbinger.
He was a retired assistant commissioner with the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Rehabilitation Services. During his distinguished career, he led the Commonwealth's implementation of the Social Security Income (SSI) program for people with disabilities, chaired federal initiative committees comprised of Disability Directors from across the nation and received numerous leadership recognitions, including the Social Security Commissioner's Citation Award.
He is survived by his wife, Brenda Allen Owens; his sons, Clyde Roland Owens Jr. and wife Amy of Bridgewater, Virginia, and James Ryan Owens and wife Aimee of Portland, Oregon; a sister, Toby Ann Brown and husband Ken of West Palm Beach, Florida; and two grandchildren, Kathryn Ann Owens, and Cambria Emma Owens.
A memorial service will be held at 3 p.m. Sunday, May 18, at Powells Point Christian Church in Harbinger.
Arrangements are by Twiford Funeral Home in Manteo, which accepts condolences at twifordfh.com.
Virginia Terry
HENDERSON — Virginia Terry, 56, of 1218 Walters St., died Wednesday, May 14, 2014, at her residence.
A funeral service will be held at 2 p.m. Sunday, May 18, at New Life Church by Pastor Myron Henderson Sr.
Interment will follow in Blacknall Cemetery.
Viewing will be held from noon to 5 p.m. Saturday, May 17, in the chapel of Davis-Royster Funeral Service and at the church one hour prior to the service.
The family will receive friends at the residence.
Arrangements are by Davis-Royster Funeral Service.
Mary F. Williams
OXFORD — Mary Frances Williams, 73, of Oxford, died Wednesday, May 14, 2014.
Funeral services will be held at 4 p.m. Saturday, May 17, at Delrayno Baptist Church by the Rev. D.L. Page.
Burial will follow in Meadowview Cemetery in Oxford.
Visitation will be held from 2:30 to 4 p.m. Saturday, May 17, at Delrayno Baptist Church Fellowship Hall and at other times at the home of Steve Williams, 5018 Dorsey Road, Oxford.
Flowers are accepted, or memorials may be made to Delrayno Baptist Church (Youth Missions), 1315 College St., Oxford, NC 27565.
Arrangements are by Gentry-Newell & Vaughan Funeral Home, which accepts online condolences at gnvfh.com.
Archie I. Massenburg
HENDERSON — Archie Isaac Massenburg, 101, died Thursday, May 15, 2014, at Kerr Lake Nursing Center.
The family is receiving friends at the residence.
Arrangements will be announced by E.C. Terry's Funeral and Cremation Service.


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A hearing aid programming system with a host computer system including a program for programming a hearing aid. The host computer system includes a first communication interface for sending and receiving control and data signals. A hearing aid programming interface device is connected to the communication interface of the host computer system and includes a second communication interface for sending and receiving control and data signals. The hearing aid programming interface device also includes circuitry for electrically isolating the hearing aid to be programmed from the host computer. The first communication interface may be PCMCIA, USB, RS-232, SCSI or IEEE 1394 interfaces, which are arranged to send and receive serial data and control signals to the hearing aid programming interface device. The first communication interface may also be a wireless communications interface which wirelessly sends and receives control and data signals with the hearing aid programming interface device.
1. A hearing aid programming system comprising:
a host computer system including a program for programming a hearing aid, the host computer system including a host communication interface (HCI) of a predetermined type for sending and receiving control and data signals;
a hearing aid programming interface device connected to the HCI by a first interface communication interface (ICI) of the same predetermined type as the HCI, for sending and receiving control and data signals between the host computer system and the hearing aid programming interface device;
the hearing aid programming interface device including at least one additional ICI of a different type than the type connecting the first ICI to the host computer system;
at least one hearing aid to be programmed connected to the hearing aid programming interface device, and
the program for programming the at least one hearing aid is downloaded to the hearing aid programming interface device when the hearing aid programming interface device is initially powered up.
2.The hearing aid programming system of
3. The hearing aid programming system of
4. The hearing aid programming system of
5. The hearing aid programming system of
6. The hearing aid programming system of
7. The hearing aid programming system of
8. The hearing aid programming system of
9. The hearing aid programming system according to
10. The hearing aid programming system according to
11. The hearing aid programming system according to
12. A hearing aid programming system, comprising:
a host computer system including a program for programming a hearing aid, the host computer system including a host communication interface (HCI) for sending and receiving control and data signals;
a hearing aid programming interface device connected to the HCI by an interface communication interface for sending and receiving control and data signals between the host computer system and the hearing aid programming interface device;
at least one hearing aid to be programmed connected to the hearing aid programming interface device; and
the program for programming the at least one hearing aid being downloaded to the hearing aid programming interface device when the hearing aid programming interface device is initially powered up.
13. The hearing aid programming system according to
14. The hearing aid programming system according to
15. The hearing aid programming system according to
16. The hearing aid programming system according to
17. The hearing aid programming system according to
18. The hearing aid programming system according to
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/782,328 filed on Jan. 13,1997 and now abandoned, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Not applicable
This invention relates generally to a programming system for programmable hearing aids; and, more particularly relates to a hearing aid programming system utilizing a host computer in conjunction with a hearing aid interface device and operates with a well-defined port to the host.
Hearing aids have been developed to ameliorate the effects of hearing losses in individuals. Hearing deficiencies can range from deafness to hearing losses where the individual has impairment of responding to different frequencies of sound or to being able to differentiate sounds occurring simultaneously. The hearing aid in its most elementary form usually provides for auditory correction through the amplification and filtering of sound provided in the environment with the intent that the individual can hear better than without the amplification.
Prior art hearing aids offering adjustable operational parameters to optimize hearing and comfort to the user have been developed. Parameters, such as volume or tone, may easily be adjusted, and many hearing aids allow for the individual user to adjust these parameters. It is usual that an individual's hearing loss is not uniform over the entire frequency spectrum of audible sound. An individual's hearing loss may be greater at higher frequency ranges than at lower frequencies. Recognizing these differentiations in hearing loss considerations between individuals, it has become common for a hearing health professional to make measurements that will indicate the type of correction or assistance that will be the most beneficial to improve that individual's hearing capability. A variety of measurements may be taken, which can include establishing speech recognition scores, or measurement of the individual's perceptive ability for differing sound frequencies and differing sound amplitudes. The resulting score data or amplitude/frequency response can be provided in tabular form or graphically represented, such that the individual's hearing loss may be compared to what would be considered a more normal hearing response. To assist in improving the hearing of individuals, it has been found desirable to provide adjustable hearing aids wherein filtering parameters may be adjusted, and automatic gain control (AGC) parameters are adjustable.
With the development of micro-electronics and microprocessors, programmable hearing aids have become well-known. It is known for programmable hearing aids to have a digital control section which stores auditory parameters and which controls aspects of signal processing characteristics. Such programmable hearing aids also have a signal processing section, which may be analog or digital, and which operates under control of the control section to perform the signal processing or amplification to meet the needs of the individual.
Hearing aid programming systems have characteristically fallen into two categories: (a) programming systems that are utilized at the manufacturer's plant or distribution center, or (b) programming systems that are utilized at the point of dispensing the hearing aid.
One type of programming system for programming hearing aids are the stand-alone programmers that are self-contained and are designed to provide the designed programming capabilities. Examples of the stand-alone programmers are the Sigma 4000, available commercially from Unitron of Kitchenor, Ontario, Canada, and the Solo II available commercially from dbc-mifco of Portsmouth, N.H. It is apparent that stand-alone programmers are custom designed to provide the programming functions known at the time. Stand-alone programmers tend to be inflexible and difficult to update and modify, thereby raising the cost to stay current. Further, such stand-alone programmers are normally designed for handling a limited number of hearing aid types and lack versatility. Should there be an error in the system that provides the programming, such stand-alone systems tend to be difficult to repair or upgrade.
Another type of programming system is one in which the programmer is connected to other computing equipment. An example of cable interconnection programming systems is the Hi Pro, available from Madsen of Copenhagen, Denmark. A system where multiple programming units are connected via telephone lines to a central computer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,086 to J. C. Platt. Another example of a programming system that allows interchangeable programming systems driven by a personal computer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,144,674 to W. Meyer et al. Other U.S. patents that suggest the use of some form of computing device coupled to an external hearing aid programming device are U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,481 to Mansgold et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,086 to Platt; U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,312 to Newton et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,432 to T� pholm. Programming systems that are cable-coupled or otherwise coupled to supporting computing equipment tend to be relatively expensive in that such programming equipment must have its own power supply, power cord, housing, and circuitry, thereby making the hearing aid programmer large and not as readily transportable as is desirable.
Yet another type of hearing aid programmer available in the prior art is a programmer that is designed to install into and become part of a larger computing system. An example of such a plug-in system is available commercially and is known as the UX Solo available from DBC-MIFCO. Hearing aid programmers of the type that plug into larger computers are generally designed to be compatible with the expansion ports on a specific computer. Past systems have generally been designed to plug into the bus structure known as the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) which has primarily found application in computers available from IBM. The ISA expansion bus is not available on many present-day hand-held or lap top computers. Further, plugging cards into available ISA expansion ports requires opening the computer cabinet and appropriately installing the expansion card.
It can be seen then that the prior art systems do not readily provide for a hearing aid programming system that can be easily affixed to a personal computer such as a lap top computer or a hand-held computer for rendering the entire programming system easily operable and easily transportable. Further, the prior art systems tend to be relatively more expensive, and are not designed to allow modification or enhancement of the software while maintaining the simplicity of operation.
The primary objective of the invention in providing a small, highly transportable, inexpensive, and versatile system for programming hearing aids is accomplished through the use of host computer means for providing at least one hearing aid program, where the host computer means includes at least one uniformly specified expansion port for providing power circuits, data circuits, and control circuits, and a pluggable card means coupled to the specified port for interacting with the host computer means for controlling programming of at least one hearing aid, the programming system including coupling means for coupling the card means to at least one hearing aid to be programmed.
Another primary objective of the invention is to utilize a standardized specification defining the port architecture for the host computer, wherein the hearing aid programming system can utilize any host computer that incorporates the standardized port architecture. In this regard, the personal computer memory card international association (PCMCIA) specification for the port technology allows the host computer to be selected from lap top computers, notebook computers, or hand-held computers where such PCMCIA ports are available and supported. With the present invention, it is no longer needed to provide general purpose computers, either at the location of the hearing health professional, or at the factory or distribution center of the manufacturer of the hearing aids to support the programming function.
Another objective of the invention is to provide a highly portable system for programming hearing aids to thereby allow ease of usage by hearing health professionals at the point of distribution of hearing aids to individuals requiring hearing aid support. To this end, the programming circuitry is fabricated on a Card that is pluggable to a PCMCIA socket in the host computer and is operable from the power supplied by the host computer.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved hearing aid programming system that utilizes standardized drivers within the host computer in this aspect of the invention, the PCMCIA card means includes a card information structure (CIS) that identifies the host computer of the identification and configuration requirements of the programming circuits on the card. In one embodiment, the CIS identifies the PCMCIA Card as a serial port such that standardized serial port drivers in the host computer can service the PCMCIA Card. In another embodiment, the CIS identifies the PCMCIA Card as a unique type of hearing aid programmer card such that the host computer would utilize drivers supplied specifically for use with that card. In another embodiment, the CIS identifies the PCMCIA Card as a memory card, thereby indicating to the host computer that the memory card drivers will be utilized. Through the use of the standardized PCMCIA architecture and drivers, the PCMCIA Card can be utilized with any host computer that is adapted to support the PCMCIA architecture.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a hearing aid programming system that can be readily programmed and in which the adjustment programs can be easily modified to correct errors. In one aspect of the invention, the programming software is stored in the memory of a host computer and is available for ease of modification or debugging on the host computer. In operation, then, the programming software is downloaded to the PCMCIA Card when the Card is inserted in the host computer. In another embodiment, the programming software is stored on the PCMCIA Card in nonvolatile storage and is immediately available without downloading upon insertion of the Card. In this latter configuration and embodiment, the nonvolatile storage means can be selected from various programmable devices that may be alterable by the host computer. In one arrangement, the nonvolatile storage device is electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM).
Another objective of the invention is to provide an improved hearing aid programming system wherein the hearing aid programming circuitry is mounted on a Card that meets the physical design specifications provided by PCMCIA. To this end, the Card is fabricated to the specifications of either a Type I Card, a Type II Card, or a Type III Card depending upon the physical size constraints of the components utilized.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide an improved hearing aid programming system wherein the type of hearing aid being programmed can be identified. In this embodiment, a coupling means for coupling the hearing aid programming circuitry to the hearing aid or hearing aids being programmed includes cable means for determining the type of hearing aid being programmed and for providing hearing aid identification signals to the host computer.
Another embodiment of the hearing aid programming system provides a host computer system including a program for programming a hearing aid. The host computer system includes a first communication interface for sending and receiving control and data signals. A hearing aid programming interface device is connected to the communication interface of the host computer system and includes a second communication interface for sending and receiving control and data signals. The hearing aid programming interface device also includes circuitry for electrically isolating the hearing aid to be programmed from the host computer. The first communication interface may be PCMCIA, USB, RS-232, SCSI or Firewire interfaces, which are arranged to send and receive serial data and control signals to the hearing aid programming interface device. The first communication interface may also be a wireless communications interface which wirelessly sends and receives control and data signals with the hearing aid programming interface device.
These and other more detailed and specific objectives and an understanding of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following Detailed Description of the Invention in view of the Drawings.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of an improved hearing aid programming system of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a Type I plug-in Card;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a Type II plug-in Card;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a Type III plug-in Card;
FIG. 5 is a diagram representing the PCMCIA architecture;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the functional interrelationship of a host computer and the Card used for programming hearing aids; and
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the hearing aid programming Card.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of the hearing aid programming system;
FIG. 9 is a more detailed block diagram of a PCMCIA alternate embodiment of the hearing aid programming system;
FIG. 10 is a more detailed block diagram of a USB alternate embodiment of the hearing aid programming system, and
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram for cable identification.
It is generally known that a person's hearing loss is not normally uniform over the entire frequency spectrum of hearing. For example, in typical noise-induced hearing loss, that the hearing loss is greater at higher frequencies than at lower frequencies. The degree of hearing loss at various frequencies varies with individuals. The measurement of an individual's hearing ability can be illustrated by an audiogram. An audiologist, or other hearing health professionals, will measure an individual's perceptive ability for differing sound frequencies and differing sound amplitudes. A plot of the resulting information in an amplitude/frequency diagram will graphically represent the individual's hearing ability, and will thereby represent the individual's hearing loss as compared to an established range of normal hearing for individuals. In this regard, the audiogram represents graphically the particular auditory characteristics of the individual. Other types of measurements relating to hearing deficiencies may be made. For example, speech recognition scores can be utilized. It is understood that the auditory characteristics of an individual or other measured hearing responses may be represented by data that can be represented in various tabular forms as well as in the graphical representation.
Basically a hearing aid consists of a sound actuatable microphone for converting environmental sounds into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is supplied to an amplifier for providing an amplified output signal. The amplified output signal is applied to a receiver that acts as a loudspeaker for converting the amplified electrical signal into sound that is transmitted to the individual's ear. The various kinds of hearing aids can be configured to be "completely in the canal" known as the CIC type of hearing aid. Hearing aids can also be embodied in configurations such as "in the ear", "in the canal", "behind the ear", embodied in an eyeglass frame, worn on the body, and surgically implanted. Each of the various types of hearing aids have differing functional and aesthetic characteristics.
Since individuals have differing hearing abilities with respect to each other, and oftentimes have differing hearing abilities between the right and left ears, it is normal to have some form of adjustment to compensate for the characteristics of the hearing of the individual. It has been known to provide an adjustable filter for use in conjunction with the amplifier for modifying the amplifying characteristics of the hearing aid. Various forms of physical adjustment for adjusting variable resistors or capacitors have been used. With the advent of microcircuitry, the ability to program hearing aids has become well-known. A programmable hearing aid typically has a digital control section and a signal processing section. The digital control section is adapted to store an auditory parameter, or a set of auditory parameters, which will control an aspect or set of aspects of the amplifying characteristics, or other characteristics, of the hearing aid. The signal processing section of the hearing aid then will operate in response to the control section to perform the actual signal processing, or amplification, it being understood that the signal processing may be digital or analog.
Numerous types of programmable hearing aids are known. As such, details of the specifics of programming functions will not be described in detail. To accomplish the programming, it has been known to have the manufacturer establish a computer-based programming function at its factory or outlet centers. In this form of operation, the details of the individual's hearing readings, such as the audiogram, are forwarded to the manufacturer for use in making the programming adjustments. Once adjusted, the hearing aid or hearing aids are then sent to the intended user. Such an operation clearly suffers from the disadvantage of the loss of time in the transmission of the information and the return of the adjusted hearing aid, as well as not being able to provide inexpensive and timely adjustments with the individual user. Such arrangements characteristically deal only with the programming of the particular manufacturer's hearing aids, and are not readily adaptable for adjusting or programming various types of hearing aids.
Yet another type of prior art programming system is utilized wherein the programming system is located near the hearing health professional who would like to program the hearing aid for patients. In such an arrangement, it is common for each location to have a general purpose computer especially programmed to perform the programming function and provide it with an interface unit hard-wired to the computer for providing the programming function to the hearing aid. In this arrangement, the hearing professional enters the audiogram or other patient-related hearing information into the computer, and thereby allows the computer to calculate the auditory parameters that will be optimal for the predetermined listening situations for the individual. The computer then directly programs the hearing aid. Such specific programming systems and hard-wired interrelationship to the host computer are costly and do not lend themselves to ease of altering the programming functions.
Other types of programming systems wherein centralized host computers are used to provide programming access via telephone lines and the like are also known, and suffer from many of the problems of cost, lack of ease of usage, lack of flexibility in reprogramming, and the like.
A number of these prior art programmable systems have been identified above, and their respective functionalities will not be further described in detail.
The system and method of programming hearing aids of the present invention provides a mechanism where all of the hearing aid programming system can be economically located at the office of each hearing health professional, thereby overcoming many of the described deficiencies of prior art programming systems.
A group of computing devices, including lap top computers, notebook computers, hand-held computers, such as the APPLE� NEWTON�, and the like, which can collectively be referenced as host computers are adapted to support the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association Technology, and which is generally referred to as PCMCIA. In general, PCMCIA provides one or more standardized ports in the host computer where such ports are arranged to cooperate with associated PCMCIA PC cards, hereinafter referred to as "Cards". The Cards are utilized to provide various functions, and the functionality of PCMCIA will be described in more detail below. The PCMCIA specification defines a standard for integrated circuit Cards to be used to promote interchangeability among a variety of computer and electronic products. Attention is given to low cost, ruggedness, low power consumption, light weight, and portability of operation.
The specific size of the various configurations of Cards will be described in more detail below, but in general, it is understood that it will be comparable in size to credit cards, thereby achieving the goal of ease of handling. Other goals of PCMCIA technology can be simply stated to require that (1) it must be simple to configure, and support multiple peripheral devices; (2) it must be hardware and operating environment independent; (3) installation must be flexible; and (4) it must be inexpensive to support the various peripheral devices. These goals and objectives of PCMCIA specification requirements and available technology are consistent with the goals of this invention of providing an improved highly portable, inexpensive, adaptable hearing aid programming system. The PCMCIA technology is expanding into personal computers and work stations, and it is understood that where such capability is present, the attributes of this invention are applicable. Various aspects of PCMCIA will be described below at points to render the description meaningful to the invention.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of an improved hearing aid programming system of this invention. A host computer 10, which can be selected from among lap top computers; notebook computers; personal computers; work station computers; or the like, includes a body portion 12, a control keyboard portion 14, and a display portion 16. While only one PCMCIA port 18 is illustrated, it is understood that such ports may occur in pairs. Various types of host computers 10 are available commercially from various manufacturers, including, but not limited to, International Business Machines and Apple Computer, Inc. Another type of host computer is the hand-held computer 20 such as the APPLE� NEWTON�, or equivalent. The hand-held host 20 includes a body portion 22, a screen portion 24, a set of controls 26 and a stylus 28. The stylus 28 operates as a means for providing information to the hand-held host computer 20 by interaction with screen 24. A pair of PCMCIA ports 32 and 34 are illustrated aligned along one side 36 of the hand-held host computer 20. Again, it should be understood that more or fewer PCMCIA ports may be utilized. Further, it will be understood that it is possible for the PCMCIA ports to be position in parallel and adjacent to one another as distinguished from the linear position illustrated. A hand-held host computer is available from various sources, such as the Newton model available from Apple Computer, Inc.
A PCMCIA Card 40 has a first end 42 in which a number of contacts 44 are mounted. In the standard, the contacts 44 are arranged in two parallel rows and number sixty-eight contacts. The outer end 60 has a connector (not shown in this figure) to cooperate with mating connector 62. This interconnection provide signals to and from hearing aids 64 and 66 via cable 68 which splits into cable ends 70 and 72. Cable portion 70 has connector 74 affixed thereto and adapted for cooperation with jack 76 in hearing aid 64. Similarly, cable 72 has connector 78 that is adapted for cooperation with jack 80 in hearing aid 66. This configuration allows for programming of hearing aid 64 and 66 in the ears of the individual to use them, it being understood that the cable interconnection may alternatively be a single cable for a single hearing aid or two separate cables with two separations to the Card 40.
It is apparent that card 40 and the various components are not shown in scale with one another, and that the dashed lines represent directions of interconnection. In this regard, a selection can be made between portable host 10 or hand-held host 20. If host 10 is selected, card 40 is moved in the direction of dashed lines 82 for insertion in PCMCIA slot 18. Alternatively, if a hand-held host 20 is to be used, Card 40 is moved along dashed lines 84 for insertion in PCMCIA slot 32. Connector 62 can be moved along dashed line 86 for mating with the connector (not shown) at end 60 of card 40. Connector 74 can be moved along line 88 for contacting jack 76, and connector 78 can be moved along dashed line 90 for contacting jack 80. There are three standardized configurations of Card 40 plus one nonstandard form that will not be described.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a Type I plug-in Card. The physical configurations and requirements of the various Card types are specified in the PCMCIA specification to assure portability and consistency of operation. Type I Card 40II has a width W1 of 54 millimeters and a thickness T1 of 3.3 millimeters. Other elements illustrated bear the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a Type II plug-in Card. Card 40II has a width W2 of 54 millimeters and has a raised portion 100. With the raised portion, the thickness T2 is 5.0 millimeters. The width W3 of raised portion 100 is 48 millimeters. The purpose of raised portion 100 is to provide room for circuitry to be mounted on the surface 102 of card 40II.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a Type III plug-in Card. Card 40III has a width W4 of 54 millimeters, and an overall thickness T3 of 10.5 millimeters. Raised portion 104 has a width W5 of 51 millimeters, and with the additional depth above the upper surface 106 allows for even larger components to be mounted.
Type II Cards are the most prevalent in usage, and allow for the most flexibility in use in pairs with stacked PCMCIA ports.
The PCMCIA slot includes two rows of 34 pins each. The connector on the Card is adapted to cooperate with these pins. There are three groupings of pins that vary in length. This results in a sequence of operation as the Card is inserted into the slot. The longest pins make contact first, the intermediate length pins make contact second, and the shortest pins make contact last. The sequencing of pin lengths allow the host system to properly sequence application of power and ground to the Card. It is not necessary for an understanding of the invention to consider the sequencing in detail, it being automatically handled as the Card is inserted. Functionally, the shortest pins are the card detect pins and are responsible for routing signals that inform software running on the host of the insertion or removal of a Card. The shortest pins result in this operation occurring last, and functions only after the Card has been fully inserted. It is not necessary for an understanding of the invention that each pin and its function be considered in detail, it being understood that power and ground is provided from the host to the Card.
FIG. 5 is a diagram representing the PCMCIA architecture. The PCMCIA architecture is well-defined and is substantially available on any host computer that is adapted to support the PCMCIA architecture. For purposes of understanding the invention, it is not necessary that the intricate details of the PCMCIA architecture be defined herein, since they are substantially available in the commercial marketplace. It is, however, desirable to understand some basic fundamentals of the PCMCIA architecture in order to appreciate the operation of the invention.
In general terms, the PCMCIA architecture defines various interfaces and services that allow application software to configure Card resources into the system for use by system-level utilities and applications. The PCMCIA hardware and related PCMCIA handlers within the system function as enabling technologies for the Card.
Resources that are capable of being configured or mapped from the PCMCIA bus to the system bus are memory configurations, input/output (I/O) ranges and Interrupt Request Lines (IRQs). Details concerning the PCMCIA architecture can be derived from the specification available from PCMCIA Committee, as well as various vendors that supply PCMCIA components or software commercially.
The PCMCIA architecture involves a consideration of hardware 200 and layers of software 202. Within the hardware consideration, Card 204 is coupled to PCMCIA socket 206 and Card 208 is coupled to PCMCIA socket 210. Sockets 206 and 210 are coupled to the PCMCIA bus 212 which in turn is coupled to the PCMCIA controller 214. Controllers are provided commercially by a number of vendors. The controller 214 is programmed to carry out the functions of the PCMCIA architecture, and responds to internal and external stimuli. Controller 214 is coupled to the system bus 216. The system bus 216 is a set of electrical paths within a host computer over which control signals, address signals, and data signals are transmitted. The control signals are the basis for the protocol established to place data signals on the bus and to read data signals from the bus. The address lines are controlled by various devices that are connected to the bus and are utilized to refer to particular memory locations or I/O locations. The data lines are used to pass actual data signals between devices.
The PCMCIA bus 212 utilizes 26 address lines and 16 data lines.
Within the software 202 consideration, there are levels of software abstractions. The Socket Services 218 is the first level in the software architecture and is responsible for software abstraction of the PCMCIA sockets 206 and 210. In general, Socket Services 218 will be applicable to a particular controller 214. In general, Socket Services 218 uses a register set (not shown) to pass arguments and return status. When interrupts are processed with proper register settings, Socket Services gains control and attempts to perform functions specified at the Application Program Interfaces (API).
Card Services 220 is the next level of abstraction defined by PCMCIA and provides for PCMCIA system initialization, central resource management for PCMCIA, and APIs for Card configuration and client management. Card Services is event-driven and notifies clients of hardware events and responds to client requests. Card Services 220 is also the manager of resources available to PCMCIA clients and is responsible for managing data and assignment of resources to a Card. Card Services assigns particular resources to Cards on the condition that the Card Information Structure (CIS) indicates that they are supported. Once resources are configured to a Card, the Card can be accessed as if it were a device in the system. Card Services has an array of Application Program Interfaces to provide the various required functions.
Memory Technology Driver 1 (MTD) 222, Memory Technology Driver 2, label 224, and Memory Technology Driver N, label 226, are handlers directly responsible for reading and writing of specific memory technology memory Cards. These include standard drivers and specially designed drivers if required.
Card Services 220 has a variety of clients such as File System Memory clients 228 that deal with file system aware structures; Memory Clients 230, Input/Output Clients 232; and Miscellaneous Clients 234.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the functional interrelationship of a host computer and a Card used for programming hearing aids. A Host 236 has an Operating System 238. A Program Memory 240 is available for storing the hearing aid programming software. The PCMCIA block 242 indicates that the Host 236 supports the PCMCIA architecture. A User Input 244 provides input control to Host 236 for selecting hearing aid programming functions and providing data input to Host 236. A Display 246 provides output representations for visual observation. PCMCIA socket 248 cooperates with PCMCIA jack 250 mounted on Card 252.
On Card 252 there is a PCMCIA Interface 254 that is coupled to jack 250 via lines 256, where lines 256 include circuits for providing power and ground connections from Host 236, and circuits for providing address signals, data signals, and control signals. The PCMCIA Interface 254 includes the Card Information Structure (CIS) that is utilized for providing signals to Host 236 indicative of the nature of the Card and setting configuration parameters. The CIS contains information and data specific to the Card, and the components of information in CIS is comprised of tuples, where each tuple is a segment of data structure that describes a specific aspect or configuration relative to the Card. It is this information that will determine whether the Card is to be treated as a standard serial data port, a standard memory card, a unique programming card or the like. The combination of tuples is a metaformat.
A Microprocessor shown within dashed block 260 includes a Processor Unit 262 that receives signals from PCMCIA Interface 254 over lines 264 and provides signals to the Interface over lines 266. An onboard memory system 268 is provided for use in storing program instructions. In the embodiment of the circuit, the Memory 268 is a volatile static random access memory (SRAM) unit of 1K capacity. A Nonvolatile Memory 370 is provided. The Nonvolatile Memory is 0.5K and is utilized to store initialization instructions that are activated upon insertion of Card 352 into socket 348.
This initialization software is often referred to as "boot-strap" software in that the system is capable of pulling itself up into operation.
A second Memory System 272 is provided. This Memory is coupled to Processor Unit 262 for storage of hearing aid programming software during the hearing aid programming operation. In a preferred embodiment, Memory 272 is a volatile SRAM having a 32K capacity. During the initialization phases, the programming software will be transmitted from the Program Memory 240 of Host 236 and downloaded through the PCMCIA interface 254. In an alternative embodiment, Memory System 272 can be a nonvolatile memory with the hearing aid programming software stored therein. Such nonvolatile memory can be selected from available memory systems such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). It is, of course, understood that Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) memory systems normally do not hold or retain data stored therein when power is removed.
A Hearing Aid Interface 274 provides the selected signals over lines 278 to the interface connector 276. The Interface receives signals on lines 278 from the interface connector. In general, the Hearing Aid Interface 274 functions under control of the Processor Unit 262 to select which hearing aid will be programmed, and to provide the digital to analog selections, and to provide the programmed impedance levels.
A jack 280 couples with connector 276 and provides electrical connection over lines 282 to jack 284 that couples to hearing aid 286. In a similar manner, conductors 288 coupled to jack 290 for making electrical interconnection with hearing aid 292.
Assuming that Socket Services 218, Card Services 220 and appropriate drivers and handlers are appropriately loaded in the Host 236, the hearing aid programming system is initialized by insertion of Card 252 into socket 248. The insertion processing involves application of power signals first since they are connected with the longest pins. The next longest pins cause the data, address and various control signals to be made. Finally, when the card detect pin is connected, there is a Card status change interrupt. Once stabilized, Card Services queries the status of the PCMCIA slot through the Socket Services, and if the state has changed, further processing continues. At this juncture, Card Services notifies the I/O clients which in turn issues direction to Card Services to read the Card's CIS. The CIS tuples are transmitted to Card Services and a determination is made as to the identification of the Card 252 and the configurations specified. Depending upon the combination of tuples, that is, the metaformat, the Card 252 will be identified to the Host 236 as a particular structure. In a preferred embodiment, Card 252 is identified as a serial memory port, thereby allowing Host 236 to treat with data transmissions to and from Card 252 on that basis. It is, of course, understood that Card 252 could be configured as a serial data Card, a Memory Card or a unique programming Card thereby altering the control and communication between Host 236 and Card 252.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the hearing aid programming Card.
The PCMCIA jack 250 is coupled to PCMCIA Interface 254 via PCMCIA bus 256, and provides VCC power to the card via line 256- 1. The Microprocessor 260 is coupled to the Program Memory 272 via the Microprocessor Bus 260-1. A Reset Circuit 260-2 is coupled via line 260-3 to Microprocessor 260 and functions to reset the Microprocessor when power falls below predetermined limits. A Crystal Oscillator 260-4 is coupled to Microprocessor 260 via line 260-5 and provides a predetermined operational frequency signal for use by Microprocessor 260.
The Hearing Aid Interface shown enclosed in dashed block 274 includes a Digital to Analog Converter 274-1 that is coupled to a Reference Voltage 274-2 via line 274-3. In a preferred embodiment, the Reference Voltage is established at 2.5 volts DC. Digital to Analog Converter 274-1 is coupled to Microprocessor Bus 260-1. The Digital to Analog Converter functions to produce four analog voltages under control of the programming established by the Microprocessor.
One of the four analog voltages is provided on Line 274-5 to amplifier AL, labeled 274-6, which functions to convert 0 to reference voltage levels to 0 to 15 volt level signals. A second voltage is provided on line 274-7 to amplifier AR, labeled 274-8, which provides a similar conversion of 0 volts to the reference voltage signals to 0 volts to 15 volt signals. A third voltage is provided on line 274-9 to the amplifier BL, labeled 274-10, and on line 274-11 to amplifier BR, labeled 274-12. Amplifiers BL and BR convert 0 volt signals to reference voltage signals to 0 volts to 15 volt signals and are used to supply power to the hearing aid being adjusted. In this regard, amplifier BL provides the voltage signals on line 278-3 to the Left hearing aid, and amplifier BR provides the selected voltage level signals on line 274-3 to the Right hearing aid.
An Analog Circuit Power Supply 274-13 provides predetermined power voltage levels to all analog circuits.
A pair of input Comparators CL labeled 274-14 and CR labeled 274-15 are provided to receive output signals from the respective hearing aids. Comparator CL receives input signals from the Left hearing aid via line 278-4 and Comparator CR receives input signals from the Right hearing aid via line 274-4. The fourth analog voltage from Digital to Analog Converter 274-1 is provided on line 274-16 to Comparators CL and CR.
A plurality of hearing aid programming circuit control lines pass from Microprocessor 260 and to the Microprocessor via lines 274-17. The output signals provided by comparators CL and CR advise Microprocessor 260 of parameters concerning the CL and CR hearing aids respectively.
A Variable Impedance A circuit and Variable Impedance B circuit 274-20 each include a predetermined number of analog switches and a like number of resistance elements. In a preferred embodiment as will be described in more detail below, each of these circuits includes eight analog switches and eight resistors. The output from amplifier AL is provided to Variable Impedance A via line 274-21 and selection signals are provided via line 274-22. The combination of the voltage signal applied and the selection signals results in an output being provided to switch SW1 to provide the selected voltage level. In a similar manner, the output from Amplifier R is provided on line 274-23 to Variable Impedance B 274-20, and with control signals on line 274-24, results in the selected voltage signals being applied to switch SW2.
Switches SW1 and SW2 are analog switches and are essentially single pole double throw switches that are switched under control of signals provided on line 274-25. When the selection is to program the left hearing aid, switch SW1 will be in the position shown and the output signals from Variable Impedance A will be provided on line 278-1 to LF hearing aid. At the same time, the output from Variable Impedance B 274-20 will be provided through switch SW2 to line 278-2. When it is determined that the Right hearing aid is to be programmed, the control signals on line 274-25 will cause switches SW1 and SW2 to switch. This will result in the signal from Variable Impedance A to be provided on line 274-1, and the output from Variable Impedance B to be provided on line 274-2 to the Right hearing aid.
With the circuit elements shown, the program that resides in Program Memory 272 in conjunction with the control of Microprocessor 260 will result in application of data and control signals that will read information from Left and Right hearing aids, and will cause generation of the selection of application and the determination of levels of analog voltage signals that will be applied selectively the Left and Right hearing aids. A more detailed circuit diagram of the functional elements will be set forth below.
Since the introduction of a product based on the foregoing technology it has become desirable to provide a more universal device which is not limited to communication via a PCMCIA card, but is able to communicate via one or more communication protocols. It has also become desirable to provide electrical isolation between the patient and the host computer. Both of these features are provided by the embodiments discussed below in connection with FIGS. 8-10.
Referring to FIG. 8, a host computer 300 is provided with a first communication interface 302 which communicates with a hearing aid programming interface device 304, which in turn programs hearing aids 64 and 66. The host computer 300 may be any type of computer, as discussed above. The first communication interface 302 may be any type of interface such as PCMCIA, USB, RS-232, SCSI or IEEE 1394 (Firewire), all of which are well known and standard communication interfaces in the PC industry. The program communicates with the hearing aid programming interface device 304 via the first interface 302 to program the hearing aid. The use of the hearing aid programming interface device 304 allows communication with a much wider pool of host computers since it can communicate with any desired interface. Interface device 304 is provided with any standard communication interface, such as PCMCIA, USB, RS-232, SCSI or IEEE 1394 (Firewire), and may also be configured to communicate wirelessly with the host computer 300. In the preferred embodiment, interface device 304 is provided with two or more interfaces to allow a single interface device 304 to communicate with a host computer equipped with any desired port. For example, the interface device 304 could be provided with PCMCIA and USB interfaces, although these interfaces are discussed in more detail below in stand alone embodiments.
In the preferred embodiment, the programming software consists of three components: the application software that the user sees, a DLL that controls the programming interface, and embedded software for the microprocessor contained within the programming interface.
In the preferred embodiment, and as discussed above in connection with the initialization phase of the PCMCIA interface, the embedded software is downloaded from the host computer 300 to the interface device 304 upon initialization or power-up. Because the embedded software is downloaded from the host computer each time the system is initialized or powered up, upgrades to the embedded software are easy to implement. In the preferred embodiment, the embedded software takes the form of a DLL file stored on a hard disk of the host computer 300. The upgraded programming is simply copied over the old DLL file, and the newer version will automatically be downloaded to the interface device 304 upon initialization or power-up. This also allows the interface device to be used easily in connection with hearing aids sold by multiple manufacturers, since separate DLL files for programming different hearing aids can be provided for downloading to the interface device 304.
Referring to FIG. 9, the first communication interface 302 consists of a PC card adaptor 310 which plugs into a host computer PCMCIA card connector. Adaptor 310 includes a PCMCIA interface chip 312 and microprocessor 314. As discussed above, the PCMCIA interface chip 312 contains circuitry to translate PCMCIA bus signals into a serial signal suitable for transmission across a cable. The microprocessor 314 configures the PCMCIA interface on power-up by downloading the DLL to a memory in microprocessor block 324. Adaptor 310 could also eliminate the need for a microprocessor to configure the PCMCIA interface by using an ASIC or FPGA chip as the PCMCIA interface.
The adaptor 310 is connected to the hearing aid programming interface 316 device via cable 318. Power is provided to the interface 316 from the host computer (see FIG. 8). Power isolation is provided at 320 by a DC-DC converter, which converts an input voltage into an output voltage and provides electrical isolation between the input and the output. The DC-DC converter 320 drives the power supply 322, which in turn supplies power to microprocessor 324 and the analog I/O circuitry 326. DC-DC converters are commercially available from Power Convertibles Inc. The serial interface 328 is a simple logic level driver and receiver which interfaces to the serial signals sent by and received by the PCMCIA adaptor 310. The control and data signals received by interface 316 are electrically isolated from the patient hearing aid by patient isolation circuitry 330, which consists of optoisolators which convert the input electrical signal to an optical signal, then back to an electrical output signal to electrically isolate the patient from the host computer. Optoisolators are well known in the art and are commercially available from Hewlett Packard. The analog I/O circuitry of 326 is the same as discussed in the earlier embodiments above.
Referring now to FIG. 10, a USB version of the hearing aid programming system is shown which connects directly to the USB port of a host computer via USB connector 350. The USB connection to the host computer provides power as well as the data and control signals to the hearing aid programming interface 316. The USB interface 316 is similar to that shown in FIG. 9, substituting USB interface chip 352 driven by microprocessor 354 for the serial interface 328. USB interface chips are commercially available from several companies, including Intel and Cypress.
Electrical isolation could also be provided by utilizing a wireless embodiment of FIG. 8 in which the host computer first interface is a wireless transmitter/receiver and the patient isolation block 330 of FIG. 9 is replaced with a wireless transmitter/receiver device. These wireless transmitter/receiver devices are commercially available from several companies, including Link Technologies and Digital Wireless Corporation. In the wireless version, interface 316 would contain a battery to provide power to interface 316.
Another improvement is the ability of the interface 304 to detect the type of hearing aid attached and verify it is programmed correctly to program that particular type of hearing aid. This can be done by selectively shorting 2 or more pins in the cable connecting the hearing aid to the interface 304. This can be done by connecting multiple pins of the cable together with wires or other components so as to uniquely identify the cable type. For example, pairs of pins can be shorted together to identify the cable. In the preferred embodiement, resistors of different values are used. In this embodiment, the resistor in the cable and another resistor in the programming interface work together to form a voltage divider. This voltage divider is driven by a voltage source on one pin and the resulting attenuated voltage is measured on another pin. This resultant attenuation of the signal is used to infer the value of the resistor in the cable. Many different values of resistors are possible, each one corresponding to a particular cable type. This embodiement can be seen with reference to FIG. 11, in which resistor 380 is in the cable and resistor 382 is in the programming interface 304, and these 2 resistors are connected to 2 pins on the cable to the hearing aid(s). The inferred value of resistor 380 may be used as an entry point for a look-up table which identifies the cable type.
It will be understood that this disclosure, in many respects, is only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, material, and arrangement of parts without exceeding the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is as defined in the language of the appended claims.
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Moevenpick Hotel Apartments The Square
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The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Noise-free guestrooms cannot be guaranteed.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 24 hours prior to arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
A tourism fee is imposed by the city and collected at the property. The fee is AED 20 for the first bedroom per night, and increases by AED 20 per night for each additional bedroom. For further details, please contact the property using the information contained in your confirmation email.
- Tourism fee: AED 20 per accommodation, per night
- Airport shuttle transfer per adult: AED 100 (one way)
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for an additional charge
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of AED 70 per person (approximately)
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of AED 100 per vehicle (roundtrip)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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|Product #: EMC3318029_TQ
Phonemic Awareness: Ending Sounds (Resource Book Only) eBookPreschool|Kindergarten
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Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
Four simple activity pages in which students identify ending sounds by circling pictures and matching words that have the same ending sound. Each page also includes an additional activity per page directed by the teacher.
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This section of the website is for ADULTS ONLY
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Method Man
S oulja Boy Tell Em
So now we know what Ice T is playing with, lol *courtesy of Hip Hop News 24-7
So i got an email the other day saying that there were Amber Rose Nude Pictures floating around the internet. I really didnt get that excited because didn't she wear like body paint to an event one year and isn't she always topless? So i checked out the link provided in the email and turns out…THIS WAS SOMETHING NEW.
Most of these pictures have been watermarked so there is no guess where they came from as far as internet provider but the person who actually leaked the photos has not been identified.
I personally would like to know who took the photos, if i could have been a fly on the wall that day.
Here they are (on the bottom of this section) along with a few other great angles of Ms. Rose….ENJOY!
****************************************end Amber Rose*************************************
As a journalist, we struggle with a few things. Integrity, honesty of sources, reputation, and reliability. We at Hip Hop Encounter, we try to supply you with all things Hip Hop related. Bad news, good news, etc… Ever so ofter, we come across a few issues that put us in a moral dilemma.
Do we print the story or not.
As a media outlet, it is our duty to do so. Honestly, if we don't someone else will.
As human beings we have to understand that sometimes these are people's live that are at stake….
and yet regardless of the circumstances, we still hit print and publish.
Today brings that dilemma for me.
I am a real fan of Chris Brown. I honestly think he is this generations Michael Jackson.
Today as I awake I find in my inbox a picture of a naked Chris Brown. My dilemma, to print or not to print.
I don't know if this is a marketing scheme for him to sell more records. (He will definitely get more female fans after this one drops ) Or is it to combat the recently leaked photos of the Rihanna and His fight months back?
I don't know.
As a person I am struggling with this but as a business, a media outlet, a reputable source for Hip Hop I must print the pic. I apologize to Chris Brown and his people ahead of time.
**just remember, I didn't take the picture and it is quite obvious who leaked the photo**
Below is the actual Chris Brown Twitter Feed, I am sure there is more to come
Actual Worldstar release


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The old wine cellar which dates from 1820 is being transformed into
a conference centre. Here are the ideal surroundings where
professional people can gather for team building, working sessions
or a conference. The farm offers the oppurtunity for dedicated hard
work and relaxation. It is near Cape Town and the Airport.
Come and experience country hospitality in surroundings rich in
tradition and history and renew or rediscover yourself.


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As if ya'll didn't have enough reason to hate on the Saints, NOBODY does MNF like Da Who Dat Nation. On any given Sunday, Saints fans dress up like its Mardi Gras Day so you better believe, cher, we dial it up for Monday Night Football. Take a walk with Da Queen through the Mercedes-Benz Superdome and see how the most crazed, die-hard fans in the NFL do MNF Big Easy-style.
The party starts in Champions Square, the plaza outside the Gate C entrance to the Superdome opened in 2010 following our Superbowl Championship. Earlier this season, a Bears fan asked me for directions to it on the way to the Dome. First I had to explain the concept of "Championship" to him, which explains why he couldn't locate it. Champions Square opens at least 4 hours before kickoff, sometimes earlier. Some of the finest musicians in a city where even street corner performers are Grammy winners entertain fans while the Saints' cheerleaders, The Saintsations, dance on catwalks. Champions Square food vendors are from some of New Orleans' best restaurants, from world-famous char-broiled oysters from Dragos to Creole cuisine from the Praline Connection. How's that kielbaska in Soldier Field?
Raiders fans, with all due respect, the "Black Hole" looks like lost footage of the bar scene in Star Wars. At least ya'll try. By contrast, Fireman Ed is the BEST the Jets can do. And that Carny-style Pirate Ship in Raymond James Stadium--as Ocho says, "Child pa-lease!" Last time the Saints played there, Da Who Dat Nation TOOK it over. The Bucs' "Captain Morgan" mascot looks like he belongs on RuPaul's Drag Race, not an NFL field. Our Sir Saint could stomp like Ndamukong Suh. The wimpiest mascot in human history? Sir Purr. How proud you must be, Carolina.
So Qwest Field--enjoy your health-conscious Tofu Dogs while you hit a Seahawks game on the way to yoga. Saints fans feast on Jambalaya, Crawfish Pie, and fried alligator. Lambeau Field--savor that flat overpriced beer you'll be crying into after the Saints take you down in the NFCCG (after which we'll correct the spelling of your hamster cage of a stadium featuring its legendary Zoo full of Blind Zebras to "LambeaX." In the City that Care forgot (a.k.a. "Disney World for Alcoholics") Saints fans imbibe on Tabasco-seasoned Bloody Marys with pickled string beans to 190 Octane Frozen Daiquiris in two-foot-long plastic cups known as "Yard Dogs."
Sorry you slaves to the other 31 NFL franchises, but here's the hard truth: Da Who Dat Nation parties harder than you. Know this every game day: our food's better, our drink's are better, and we're having more fun than you are. And somehow, we get it done in a stadium that served as a shelter of last resort during the worst natural catastrophe in U.S. history (so keep your multi-billion dollar palace, Jerry Jones.) Most of all, our team is better, especially when we're playing at Dome. Da Who Dat Nation travels well, so we can bring the party to you. The way the Saints' Offense is playing these days, you'll need it.


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Although the words "person aggrieved" have not been defined in the Act, they have a specific connotation and are well understood by Courts and Tribunals.
Bharatbhai Baldevbhai Shah & Others
Appeal No. 142 of 2008
October 6, 2009
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3. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and arc inclined to uphold the preliminary objection raised on behalf of the Board. At the outset, the learned counsel for the Board argued that the appellants are not persons who can be said to be aggrieved by the impugned order and, therefore, the appeal was not maintainable under section 15T of the Act. The relevant part of section 15T reads as under:-
"Appeal to the Securities Appellate Tribunal - (I) Save as provided in sub-section (2), any person aggrieved-
(a)by an order of the Board...........
(b)by an order made by an adjudicating officer under this Act,
may prefer an appeal to a Securities Appellate Tribunal having jurisdiction in the
(2) to (6)......................................... "
A reading of the aforesaid provision makes it clear that only a "person aggrieved" could file an appeal against an order passed by the Board. Although the words "person aggrieved" have not been defined in the Act, they have a specific connotation and arc well understood by courts and tribunals. In Jasbhai Motibhai Dcsai vs. Roshan Kumar and others AIR 1976 SC 578, the learned judges of the Supreme Court were examining the question of locus standi of the appellants therein and laid down tests to distinguish between persons aggrieved and strangers and busy body of meddlesome interlopers. Persons in the last category, were said to be those who interfere in things which do not concern them and act in the name, of Pro Bono Publico though they have no interest of the public or even of their own to protect. The learned judges further observed that the distinction between persons aggrieved and strangers was real and laid down the following broad tests in this regard:-
"Whether the applicant is a person whose legal right has been infringed? Has he suffered a legal wrong or injury, in the sense, that his interest, recognised by law, has been prejudicially and directly affected by the act or omission of the authority, complained of? Is he a person who has suffered a legal grievance, a person "against whom a decision has been pronounced which has wrongfully deprived him of something or wrongfully refused him something, or wrongfully affected his title to something? Has he a special and substantial grievance of his own beyond some grievance or inconvenience suffered by him in common with the rest of the public? Was he entitled to object and be heard by the authority before it took the impugned action? If so, was he prejudicially affected in the exercise of that, right by the act of usurpation of jurisdiction on the part of the authority? Is the statute, in context of which the scope of the words "person aggrieved"- is being considered, a social welfare measure designated to lay down ethical or professional standards of conduct for the community? Or is it a statute, dealing with private rights of particular individuals?"
When we apply the aforesaid tests to the facts of the present case, our answer to each test is in the negative. As already observed, the appellants arc small shareholders of the company and whatever rights they may have qua the company, they arc not concerned with the action sought to be taken by the Board against the erring market players. While ordering investigations, the Board felt that some of the delinquent entities like Respondents no.2 to 5 ought to be restrained from accessing the capital market till such time the investigations are over and subsequently on the completion of the investigations it was of the view that adjudication proceedings should be initiated against them. The Board was fully justified in taking such a view keeping in view the facts as they emerged from the investigations. The appellants cannot be allowed to interfere with such regulatory matters which is the function and duty of the Board and fall within its exclusive domain. They cannot be said to be aggrieved by the impugned order by which the earlier directions restraining Respondents no.2 to 5 from accessing the securities market were withdrawn. They can only be termed as busy body of meddlesome interlopers who arc wanting to interfere in matters which do not concern them.
Howsoever liberal meaning we may assign to the words "person aggrieved", the appellants cannot fall within this expression having regard to the fact that the Board while taking disciplinary proceedings against the so called delinquent entities deals with their private rights and with particular individuals/entities and strangers like the appellants have no concern with such proceedings. The appellants could be aggrieved by the impugned order only if that order is materially adverse to them. They are required to establish that they have been denied or deprived of something to which they arc legally entitled in order to make them persons aggrieved or they may have to show that a legal burden is imposed on them, We do not think that the appellants satisfy these tests. In Jasbhai Motibhai Desai's case (supra), their Lordships held that the proprietor of a cinema theatre holding a license for exhibiting films was not entitled to invoke the jurisdiction of the High Court to challenge a no objection certificate granted in favour of a rival in the trade. In this view of the matter, we have no hesitation in upholding the preliminary objection raised on behalf of the Board which we hereby do.
** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **


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INCREASED requests for special audits are a sign of growing trust and appreciation of usefulness of the country's audit office among government stakeholders and the society, it was revealed yesterday.
The Controller and Auditor General (CAG), Mr Ludovick Utouh, made the remarks in Dar es Salaam at the signing ceremony of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for Phase III (2013/15) of the Institutional Co-operation between the Tanzanian and Swedish National Audit Offices.
"The preceding National Audit Office Development Projects (NAODP) have played a greater role and contributed to the growing credibility of the audit office among stakeholders in the country and elsewhere," he said.For example, the NAODP II contributed substantially to the audit office computer fleet growing from 422 in 2008 to 703 last year.
He said the need to promote NAODP to the third phase arises from the need to continue and complete the new way of undertaking financial audits. "It is extremely significant to continue upgrading performance audit with much more rigour and focus through a structured recruitment and continued formal and on the job training with the audit office at the beginning of the project," he added.
The Auditor General of Sweden, Mr Jan Landahl phase III project aims to sustain the development level that has been reached through NAODP I and II. "Sustainability has been obviously an important objective throughout the project," he said. By becoming member of the UN Board of auditors for six years, he said it demonstrates and reflects the high calibre of organization that the NAOT has grown to be.
"You are a growing organisation and the UN task adds to the need for recruitment of new staff, something that should be born in mind while implementing phase III project," he said. The Swedish Ambassador to Tanzania, Mr Lennarth Hjelmaker, underscored the need for the parties to work out on the CAG recommendations as a way of enhancing transparency in the country.


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Austin, Texas (PRWEB) January 09, 2013
360 Mortgage Group (360 Mortgage), a privately-owned mortgage bank, with a 100 percent focus on third party origination, announced today it has expanded its product portfolio by offering two new refinance products – Veterans Affairs (VA) Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan Program - and - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Non-Credit Qualifying Streamline Product. Both products are currently available.
The VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan Program is designed to help qualified veterans, reservists, active duty personnel, or eligible family members with VA home loans benefit from current historically low interest rates with minimum requirements, while the FHA Non-Credit Qualifying Streamline Product will help individuals with FHA home loans take advantage of low interest rates without an appraisal or income documentation.
"360 Mortgage is committed to partnering with high quality mortgage brokers to help their clients refinance their homes on the most affordable terms available in the marketplace," commented Mark Greco, President and Founder of 360 Mortgage. "Our two new product offerings will allow even more homeowners to take advantage of current low interest rates and offer real solutions to borrowers, especially those that have been restricted from refinancing due to various eligibility requirements."
VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan Program
The VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan Program (also known as VA IRRRL) will offer individuals with VA home loans the opportunity to lower their interest rates and decrease their monthly mortgage payment.
Key Product Guidelines:
FHA Non-Credit Qualifying Streamline Product
The FHA Non-Credit Qualifying Streamline Product will offer individuals with FHA home loans the opportunity to secure government insured loans at a lower interest rate without a costly appraisal and with less paperwork.
Key Product Guidelines:
Mr. Greco added, "We strongly believe both these programs will contribute to overall recovery of the real estate market, as well as local and national economies.
For more information on the VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan Program and the FHA Non-Credit Qualifying Streamline Product, visit https://www.360mtg.com.
About 360 Mortgage Group, LLC:
Established in 2007, 360 Mortgage Group LLC is a privately owned mortgage bank with a 100 percent focus on third party origination that has successfully utilized its high-technology platform to provide better communication and customer service to business partners. An approved Fannie Mae seller/servicer and Ginnie Mae Issuer, 360 Mortgage Group is headquartered in Austin, Texas and provides services in 31 states across the country. 360 Mortgage Group is emerging as a leader in refinancing under Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) 2.0. For more information on 360 Mortgage Group, please visit https://www.360mtg.com.
Media Contacts:
John Lovallo of LEVICK - Telephone: 212-823-2002 - Mobile: 917-612-8419 - Email: jlovallo(at) levick (dot) com
Katherine Herring of LEVICK - Telephone: 202-973-1315 - Email: kherring (at) levick (dot) com


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Visit the shop
Friday, 27 March 2015 to Sunday, 26 July 2015
Groups can enjoy an exclusive after-hours view of Gold without the crowds in The Queen's Gallery, Palace of Holyroodhouse. ... Read more about Private Evening View for groups - Gold
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An exhibition celebrating the beauty and symbolism of gold opens at The Queen's Gallery, Palace of Holyroodhouse on 27 March. Through over 60 items drawn from across the Royal Collection, from the Early Bronze Age to the 20th century, Gold ... Read more about 'Gold' exhibition to open in Edinburgh
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Local band wins competition
Date posted: July 19, 2013
SHERIDAN — Gary Small and the Coyote' Bros won the Wyoming Blues and Jazz Society's Third Annual Blues Challenge competition held July 14 in Casper. Bands from across the state competed to be Wyoming's representative at the Blues Foundation's International Blues Challenge, to be held in Memphis, Tenn., in January.
The foursome — consisting of Gary Small, Jim Willey and Jobe Jennings, all of Sheridan, and Jimmy Lange of West Cliff, Colo., — performed original blues songs to a packed house and three experienced judges from Wyoming and Colorado.
"We've put in hours and hours of rehearsals and thousands of miles on the road this summer already," Small said. "I think we are in great musical shape right now and I think the judges recognized it."
Copyright © 2015 The Sheridan Press or Sheridan Newspapers, Inc.
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In This Section
Journal Forum
Audibility of a CD-Standard A/DA/A Loop Inserted into High-Resolution Audio Playback - September 2007
13 comments
Sound Board: Food for Thought, Aesthetics in Orchestra Recording - April 2015
2 comments
Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
4 comments
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A VOX System for Operation at High and Variable Ambient Levels
A VOX (voice operated microphone switching system) has been developed for use in environments in which the noise level is high and variable. The system senses the noise level and adjusts the VOX operation accordingly.
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