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Saint Vincent College
Opening Statements Read In Trial For Alleged 'Greensburg 6′ Ringleader
The trial for one of the members of the so-called "Greensburg 6″ began Monday morning.
Local Legal Expert Weighs In On "Greensburg 6" Case
The alleged ringleader of the so-called Greensburg 6 is charged with first-degree murder in the torture death of 30-year-old Jennifer Daugherty.
Steelers Full Training Camp Schedule
The team released its full pre-season schedule Wednesday, breaking down each practice and game.
Steelers Fans Arrive For Training Camp In Latrobe
Steelers fans lined up for the first open practice of training camp at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe. The humidity and threat of storms didn't keep them away.
Training Camp Gets Underway As Steelers Arrive In Latrobe
It's been a long off-season, but the wait is finally over for Pittsburgh football fans. The Steelers have arrived on the campus of Saint Vincent College in Latrobe for Training Camp.
Saint Vincent College Gears Up For Steelers Training Camp
Saint Vincent College has been dubbed by ESPN as one of the most family-friendly training camps in the NFL. This year, fans can see an on-campus play about the man who founded the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Steelers Release Training Camp 2012 Schedule
It's almost that time of year again when thousands of Steelers fans converge at Saint Vincent College for training camp. The Pittsburgh Steelers are still more than a month away from training camp, but today they released the practice schedule.
Greensburg Murder-Suicide Remains Under Investigation
More details are coming out about an apparent murder-suicide in Westmoreland County. Pennsylvania State Police and the Westmoreland County Coroner aren't saying who pulled the trigger as they investigate some unusual circumstances.
Lockdown Lifted At Saint Vincent College
Saint Vincent College in Latrobe was temporarily locked down this evening. A student reported seeing a man with a gun near one of the residence halls late this afternoon.
Tomlin To Evaluate Camp As Season Progresses
Training camp at Saint Vincent College will wrap up on Wednesday. For the Steelers' players and coaches, it's been anything but a normal camp.
Harrison, Mendenhall, Ward Talk Off-Season Controversies
Despite the lockout, the Steelers had a colorful off-season and the players caught in the middle of it all addressed it.
Starks, Randle El Will Be Missed In Locker Room
With the usual trappings of camp, they arrived and yet a camp unlike any other. Due to post lockout rules on free agents, a lot of the veterans are simply not here.
Final Preparations Under Way For Steelers Training Camp
It's back to work for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Final preparations are under way at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe for training camp.
Steelers Announce Training Camp Schedule
Now that the NFL Lockout is over, preparations for the season are now in full swing. Training camp will begin this week at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe.
NFL Lockout Concerns Some Latrobe Officials
Though Steelers training camp is scheduled to open in just a few weeks, the continuation of the NFL's labor dispute is raising some concerns in part of Westmoreland County.


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A light smoker presents to his primary care physician with a few weeks' history of a cough and is ultimately diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. Based on a genetic alteration in his tumor, this man may be a candidate for molecularly targeted non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Now he's an actor, now he isn't: Singer Mohamed Hamaki postpones acting debut
With spending his entire time filming his latest music video, Egyptian pop singer Mohamed Hamaki was forced to halt filming for the TV drama "Al Mahdi," which was to mark his debut into the acting world.
According to Laha Magazine, a director is yet to be appointed to fill the position for the series. Director Adel Adeeb turned down the position, as he is currently busy with directing "Makan Fil Qasr" (A Place in the Palace), starring Egyptian actress Ghada Adel.
Meanwhile, "Al Mahdi" producer Mohamad Abdelaziz nominated Syrian director Hatem Ali for the role, but a final agreement is yet to be made.
The producer said that a huge budget has been set aside for the drama and revealed that some scenes require the cast to travel to three different European countries and a number of Egyptian destinations.
Abdelaziz is currently waiting for Hamaki to complete his prior engagements in order to begin filming the first scenes of the series.
Top Headlines
- What's cookin' Mohamed Hamaki? Singer slowly brewing his first acting project!
- Ramy Ayach to make acting debut just like his friends Myriam Fares & Haifa Wehbe
- Who could Mohamed Hamaki's new music video director be???
- Assaf exclusive: Mohammed talks about his journey from "hell on earth" Gaza refugee camp to superstardom


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MONO M80 Acoustic Dreadnought Hybrid Case (Assorted Colors)
Dunlop 12 Pick Variety Pack (Lt-Med or Med-Hvy)
Dunlop Formula 65 Guitar Tech Kit
Hercules GS414B Single Auto Grab Guitar Stand
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The Acero Series D10-CE Dreadnought acoustic-electric guitar combines traditional Spanish guitar building methods, an all solid construction, natural wood appointments and AFS II electronics.The D10-CE belongs to Cordoba's Acero series, a line of all-solid steel strings approached from a classical or Spanish guitar building perspective. Most notably, Cordoba is using an integrated neck joint or "Spanish Heel" instead of a traditional dovetail joint to join the body and neck of the guitar. This method of construction offers a lighter weight and more stable heel joint that increases resonance and is less prone to movement as the guitar ages. The bracing pattern is a hybrid of a Torres style Spanish fan pattern and X-bracing, and allows the top to move freely with an explosive attack and big, dark tone.
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|Hardshell Case
Cordoba has a 3 year limited guarantee that gets upgraded to a lifetime warranty when the guitar is purchased with a HumiCase.


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A bill to consolidate the school districts of Oktibbeha County and Starkville passed through the Miss. House today.
The bill's next stop will be the state Senate. If it passes through, the districts will merge into the Starkville Consolidated School District effective July 1, 2015. The current attendance zones and school district boundaries would remain in place under the bill.
The bill calls for three seats for the school board of trustees to be appointed by the Starkville Board of Aldermen, with a seat expiring in March 2015 to be appointed by the Oktibbeha County Board of Supervisors. The district's elected seat would remain in an elected position from territory outside the city limits but inside the boundaries of the current school district.
Miss. H.B. 716, originally filed last month by Republican Rep. Toby Barker, has received support from both Miss. Rep. Tyrone Ellis, a Democrat, and Miss. Rep. Gary Chism, a Republican. Both Ellis and Chism are Oktibbeha County representatives.
More information on the development will be published in Thursday's edition of Starkville Daily News.


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Experts say only about one-third of suicide victims leave notes. Perhaps the most puzzling, however, was the one left by 49-year-old John Thomas Doyle in November, 1964 which simply read:
"Absolutely no reason except I have a toothache."
Photo of a 22-year old John Thomas Doyle
Witnesses then saw Doyle jump from the Golden Gate bridge to his death. In a post mortem it was discovered that he was in fact suffering from a maladjusted wisdom tooth in the back of his jaw. Instead of clarifying the issue as you think, this only sought to intrigue many as it was theorised that the note was simply a spurt of dark humour in his John's last moments.
Further investigation into the incident uncovered that John suffered from sleep walking from a young age which lead to conclusion being made that he suffered from some sort of dissociation in the moments leading up to his death. The detachment from reality may have triggered him to comprehend that suicide was a solution to his toothache, I suppose he wasn't wrong in that sense, but he couldn't have been more wrong in the big picture.
This is mostly speculation however perhaps John Thomas Doyle's toothache was so incredibly painful that suicide was a legitimate option for him, we will never know.
Research Sources:
1. http://articles.latimes.com/1987-05-22/news/vw-1097_1_golden-gate-bridge
2. http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-21/news/mn-15513_1_golden-gate-bridge
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(psychology)


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NOT SO long ago there was a simple and seemingly incontrovertible answer to the question of how and when the first settlers made it to the Americas. Some 13,000 years ago, a group of people from Asia walked across a land bridge that connected Siberia to Alaska and headed south.
These people, known to us as the Clovis, were accomplished toolmakers and hunters. Subsisting largely on big game killed with their trademark flint spears, they prospered and spread out across the continent.
For decades this was the received wisdom. So compelling was the Clovis First model that few archaeologists even contemplated an alternative. Some with the temerity to do so complained of a "Clovis police", intent on suppressing dissent.
No longer. Thanks to recent discoveries, the identity of the first Americans is an open question again. Clovis First is not quite dead, but most researchers now accept it is no ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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The Gaggia Evolution is a low end semi-automatic espresso machine. This machine can be used commercially however it is more widely made for personal use in the home. It has an estimated price of around $229.00, and is one of the least expensive models of home espresso machines.
Gaggia Evolution Pulling a Single Shot
Things to Consider before Purchasing an Espresso machine
There are most definitely some important things to consider before purchasing an espresso machine. Since it is a fairly large investment you want to do some investigating of the different brands and models. The Gaggia Evolution certainly holds its own amongst espresso machines. While not a perfect machine, the Gaggia Evolution is a nice looking espresso maker that looks very attractive in any kitchen décor.
Positive Aspects of the Gaggia Evolution
The Gaggia Evolution is a great looking espresso machine with many positive features. It is very capable of producing a delicious espresso in minutes. It has excellent steaming power with a wand that produces a very nice froth. The Gaggia Evolution is easy to clean, fairly simple to use and a very nice machine for its price range.
The Gaggia Evolution has a high powered heating element that comes up to temperature fairly quickly. This allows the Gaggia Evolution to come up to steaming temperature rather quickly as well. The stock panariello wand produces a very nice froth which in turn produces a lovely cup of espresso for any serious coffee drinker. Although seemingly not very exciting, the Gaggia Evolution has very user friendly manual that comes along with your purchase. This is very important if you are new to making espresso.
A Great Choice to Start With
The Gaggia Evolution is a great machine for espresso novices. It is very affordable and not a bad machine for its price. Some espresso machines can run you upwards of $1000 dollars. It has been found to produce plenty of pressure so there is no issue with getting a very nice double shot in as little as twenty seconds. This machine never takes a lot of time making a good tasting espresso. It also clearly marked buttons that are very easy to see.
A Recap of Gaggia Evolution's Positive Features:
- Aluminum 3.5 oz. boiler
- Dual heating element provides exceptional heating
- Push buttons for power, steam and brewing
- Removable 44 oz. water reservoir
- Turbo frother frothing wand
- Marine brass chrome plated commercial style brew cup
These and many other innovative features make the Gaggia Evolution an exceptional choice in espresso makers for home use. It makes a terrific cup of espresso without breaking the bank. All in all consumers are quite pleased with this espresso machine. It heats well and quickly and has a very modern sleek design. If you considering purchasing an espresso machine for the first time, the Gaggia Evolution would be the perfect choice. Browse online and read the many positive reviews on this amazing piece of machinery. The Gaggia Evolution will not be a disappointment.


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I'm officially declaring: winter ends this week. I don't want it anymore. I know it came late and intermittently at that (evidence: this post from the end of January), but I hate it. Always have and always will. Being cold is terrible! To send the season on its merry way, I've saved up five of my favorite menswear looks for a big fat wintry mix of street styles, starting with this guy. I love his coat (you can see the back of it here - I'd Instagrammed him a few weeks before I took this shot! #SmallWorld), but it was really the cotton scarf that caught my eye. I bought my first ever (!!!) cotton scarf this season on sale at J.Crew and I gotta say, while it ain't completely practical when the temperature really drops...it's just so cUtE! Will feature prominently in next week's outfit post, so be on the lookout.
Click through to check out four more stylish dudes!
Here we have Karl Guerre looking absolutely (and as always) amazing. It took me all of two seconds talking to the guy to realize that he's kind of a boss. When I asked how he puts a look like this together, he said he just buys what he likes and knows that if he stays true to his personal aesthetic, it will all go together. His outfit here is a mix of new and vintage pieces that are just perfect for some #NYFW shooting the day after a blizzard.
I came across this guy in Union Square and love that he's taken coat dressing to the next level. I mean, that's a pretty damn cool coat, not to mention the whole look is color-coordinated and his sneakers are studded. Not for everyone, but power to the few...
This guy's a fellow blogger I ran into in SoHo while out shooting. He took my picture and then I took his, but I never saw mine online anywhere so #fail.
Sorry for the outrageously harsh flash, but I ran into this fellow at dusk in winter, so...shit happens. Isn't his outfit monumental? I love the hat!


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- Age / Gender:
- 26, Male
- Location:
- Roanoke, VA
- Joined:
- 10/12/09
- All Stats >
I enjoy programming, game hacking, and good music.
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 2 Game Developer
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Civilian
Contact Info / Websites
- Skype
- ViperGTSR3g
Recent Game Medals
Welcome 10 Points Welcome Medal Stats.
Insects Hunter 25 Points Kill 1000 insects Medal Stats.
Permanent Customer 10 Points Spend 15 000 $ Medal Stats.
Hunting Started! 10 Points Kill 200 Insects Medal Stats.
Ace of the Case 25 Points 1st place on the level 4 Medal Stats.
slime killer 10 Points beat level 10 Medal Stats.
slime fish 5 Points beat level 5 Medal Stats.
Impossible to go alone! 5 Points Get the pitchfork Medal Stats.
You Win..? 25 Points That was a weird game. Medal Stats.
Fire and Brimstone 10 Points Burn down all the houses. Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 45 (From 14 different games.)
Latest Shared Creations
Default Added to faces for Cathode Raybots Feb 20, 2013. Load Level
Favorite Movies
LUCKY DAY FOREVER Rated 4.4809 Stars Win your happiness! Drama Clara C - Hum MV Rated 4.3563 Stars Video was shortlisted in the 2012 Driven Creativity Awards Music Video Pacific Rated 3.5201 Stars Sending my confessions out to sea, so nothing can come back to haunt me. Music Video Happy Plane Rated 4.4090 Stars Happy Plane drops his load of joy Music Video


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Do you have a bucket list?
I do..I've had it since I was 14 years old. I even remember where I was when I made it..I was sittin' in the backseat of a car, leaving Kansas for the last time and moving to a new life in Arkansas. Since that day, my bucket list has been to a lot of places and been through everything with me. It went to boot camp, Korea, Jamaica, several weddings, a few funerals, Disneyland, Katrina relief, my tumor debulking surgeries, chemo therapy and even Relay for Life.
When I became sick, it became my mission to get as much checked off as possible. Some of the things on said list are a bit silly, as I made it when I was 14. But at this point, I think it's fair to check some of those off. heh. Here are a few that I have marked off..
I've swam with Dolphins. It was well worth it
Went to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Meet Mariah Carey
Hey..go big or go home, right?? haahah!! Don't judge me…we all know you are secretly humming "Always Be My Baby" in your head riiiiiggghtt now..hehe
Toured Washington, D.C.
To include Arlington.
That. was. tough.
I've recently added a few things to the list. I do this every now and then. I like to think of it as my immortality magic. I mean, if I still have stuff to do on the list, then I can't die. Good theory, huh.
Here's a few things I added recently:
Surf in Australia
Skydiving (just to spite my horrid fear of heights)
Rocky Mountain Climbing
do 2.7 seconds on a bull named Fu Manchu
(Okay okay..maybe I didn't really add that last one, but it's a fun thought. I did add see Tim McGraw in concert, though. )
So tell me..What are YOU passionate about?
Be passionate about SOMETHING. ANYTHING. Whether it is knitting, completing a silly list, or just your political opinion. If you're not passionate about something, you're just a wasted bag of flesh and water; a zombie. Unfortunately, I know a few of these. Good thing I'm well prepared for the zombie apocalypse…
Hugs and Sunny Surf,
Jessica & Gertrude


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Lang Ranch Junior Chorus Spring 2014
Location: Lang Ranch Elementary School
Room: Check with the School Office
Feb 1-May 23, 2014
Meets 2:45 PM-3:20 PM
on Mon
Instructor -- Kayla Bailey
Miss Bailey received her Bachelor of Arts in Music from California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks and is currently in her final semester of study for her Masters degree in Voice Performance at California State University Northridge. At CSUN, she has performed in several operas and concerts with the University Symphony and is currently in rehearsals for the university's fall production of Die Fledermaus. This past summer, Miss Bailey performed internationally, studying and performing opera and music theatre in Graz, Austria, as part of the American Institute of Musical Studies. Nominated for Volunteer of the Year by the Moorpark Chamber of Commerce in 2012, Miss Bailey is active in the community, having served as Miss Ventura County 2012 and currently serving as Miss Gold Coast 2013. She also acts as a committee member for the Ventura/Santa Barbara County Scholarship Association, which produces the annual Miss Ventura County Pageant, a local Miss America Organization competition. In addition to performing and volunteering, Miss Bailey is a music specialist for the Los Cerritos Middle School Choral program and a rehearsal assistant for the Los Robles Children's Choir. She also teaches private voice lessons from her home in Moorpark and sings in Areté Vocal Ensemble in Thousand Oaks.


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Home | Current Issue | Past Issues | Search | Collections | PDA Services | Subscribe | Contact Us | Help | ACP Online
|About Annals
Stephen E. Kimmel, MD, MSCE; Jesse A. Berlin, ScD; Muredach Reilly, MB; Jane Jaskowiak, BSN, RN; Lori Kishel, MS; Jesse Chittams, MS; and Brian L. Strom, MD, MPH
1 February 2005 | Volume 142 Issue 3
For a PDF of this article, click here.
Background: Studies have postulated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors affect cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms could increase risk (for example, inhibition of prostacyclin production), and some could decrease risk (for example, inhibition of inflammation).
Objective: To determine the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI).
Design: Case-control study.
Setting: 36 hospitals in a 5-county area.
Participants: 1718 case-patients with a first, nonfatal MI admitted to these hospitals and 6800 controls randomly selected from the same counties.
Measurements: Self-reported medication use assessed through telephone interviews.
Results: The adjusted odds ratio for MI among celecoxib users, relative to persons who did not use nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.79) compared with 1.16 (CI, 0.70 to 1.93) among rofecoxib users. The use of rofecoxib was associated with a statistically significant higher odds of MI compared with the use of celecoxib (adjusted odds ratio for rofecoxib vs. celecoxib, 2.72 [CI, 1.24 to 5.95]; P = 0.01). Nonselective NSAIDs were associated with a reduced odds of nonfatal MI relative to nonusers. Comparisons of COX-2 inhibitors with nonselective NSAIDs were the following: rofecoxib versus naproxen (odds ratio, 3.39 [CI, 1.37 to 8.40]) and celecoxib versus ibuprofen or diclofenac (odds ratio, 0.77 [CI, 0.40 to 1.48]).
Limitations: The possibility of recall bias and uncontrolled confounding in this observational study limit the ability to make definitive conclusions. The association of celecoxib with a lower odds of MI could have occurred by chance. Only about 50% of eligible participants completed telephone interviews.
Conclusion: Celecoxib and rofecoxib were associated with different odds of MI. Cardiovascular effects among the COX-2 inhibitors seem different, but further studies, preferably randomized trials, are needed to fully understand the spectrum of effects of COX-2 inhibitors and potential differences among them.
Various cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors may affect cardiovascular risk differently.
This case-control study from 36 hospitals in a 5-county area found that reported recent use of a COX-2 selective inhibitor was similar among adults with a first, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and randomly selected community controls with no history of MI. However, reported use of rofecoxib was associated with a 2.72 (95% CI, 1.24 to 5.95) higher odds of MI than was use of celecoxib.
About 50% of eligible participants completed interviews. Although analyses controlled for potential confounders, recall bias and unmeasured factors related to MI risk could have affected results.
–The Editors
Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include those that inhibit both the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme and the COX-2 isoenzyme (nonselective NSAIDs) and those that are more selective for the COX-2 isoenzyme (COX-2 selective inhibitors, herein called COX-2 inhibitors). Nonselective NSAIDs may reduce the risk for myocardial infarction (MI) by inhibiting platelet aggregation (1-3). On the other hand, studies have postulated that COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk for atherothrombotic events because they inhibit prostacyclin, which may increase thrombotic tendencies and vascular injury without the beneficial effect of platelet inhibition derived from COX-1 inhibition (4). However, COX-2 inhibitors may also reduce cardiovascular risk by inhibiting vascular inflammation, improving endothelial dysfunction, and enhancing coronary plaque stability (5-8). These effects may differ among COX-2 inhibitors. Along with potential differences in blood pressure effects (9), recent evidence suggests that celecoxib and rofecoxib may differ in their effects on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress (8).
Two randomized trials, designed to examine risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, found different cardiovascular results with rofecoxib and celecoxib compared with their respective NSAID comparator. In the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR) study (10), users of 50 mg of rofecoxib per day had a higher rate of nonfatal MI (11) than users of naproxen. In the primary analysis of the Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study (CLASS) (12), the rate of cardiovascular events did not differ between celecoxib users and ibuprofen or diclofenac users. Because these studies did not include placebo control groups, we could not determine whether these differences were due to an increased risk from rofecoxib, a decreased risk from naproxen, a combination of both, or a reduction in risk from celecoxib but not rofecoxib that balanced the potential reduction in risk from nonselective NSAIDs.
Three published observational studies (13-15) and 2 meta-analyses (16, 17) have assessed the risk for cardiovascular events from rofecoxib or celecoxib. The former were limited in their ability to adjust for factors that are likely to put COX-2 users at higher cardiovascular risk (18) (for example, higher body mass index [BMI] and lower levels of physical activity), and the latter had relatively small numbers of MIs. Nonetheless, none of these studies showed an increased risk from celecoxib, whereas some, but not all, studies identified an increased risk from rofecoxib. A recent randomized trial of meloxicam (a relatively COX-2 selective NSAID) compared with placebo suggested a reduction in cardiovascular outcomes with meloxicam (19), and another trial of the COX-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib did not detect a statistically significant increase in the risk for MI (20). Against this backdrop, a recent randomized trial of rofecoxib, the Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROVe) trial, was stopped early because of an increase in cardiovascular outcomes among rofecoxib users (relative to placebo) after 18 months of use, and Merck & Co., Inc., voluntarily withdrew rofecoxib from the worldwide market.
Thus, the current data provide conflicting evidence of the potential risks and benefits of different COX-2 inhibitors, but, overall, they suggest that there may be differences between them. We sought to determine the association between COX-2 inhibitors (specifically rofecoxib and celecoxib) and risk for nonfatal MI.
Study Site and Participants
The methods of our case-control design have been described in detail previously (21). We designed and powered the current study a priori to address the effects of celecoxib and rofecoxib on MI risk. We prospectively identified case-patients as persons 40 to 75 years of age hospitalized in a 5-county region for first, nonfatal MI between May 1998 and December 2002. Previous research has shown that almost 90% of all case-patients identified by using these methods had verified MIs (21). The participation rate among eligible case-patients was 55%.
We use random-digit dialing to select approximately 4 community controls with no history of MI from the same geographic region and during the same time period as case-patients. We chose community controls because they represent the same source population from which the cases arose and thus are the most appropriate comparison group with which to minimize the possibility of selection bias. The participation rate among known eligible controls was 50%.
We excluded the 13 valdecoxib users because no case-patients were exposed to valdecoxib and the 40 participants who used both COX-2 inhibitors and nonselective NSAIDs at the same time. The institutional review boards of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and all participating hospitals approved the study.
Data Collection and Exposure Definition
We collected exposure and covariate data for all case-patients and controls by using the same structured telephone interview. Trained telephone interviewers who were not informed of the study hypothesis interviewed the patients. Case-patients were interviewed after returning home from the hospital. To maximize the validity of drug exposure information, case-patients were interviewed only if they could be reached within 4 months of their MI. Controls were interviewed within 4 months of their initial identification to prevent selection bias. To further maximize recall of use of NSAIDs (22), case-patients and controls were prompted with indication-specific questions and examination of photographs of medications. All participants were also instructed to have all of the containers for the medications that they took during the index week (defined later in this article) available during the interview. We have previously shown that these methods enhanced recall of nonselective NSAID use (22). Our previous study also suggested that case-patients recalled more than 80% of nonselective NSAID use (21).
The a priori definition of exposure was any nonselective NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor, or aspirin use within 1 week before the index date (the date of first onset of symptoms of MI for case-patients and the date of the telephone interview for controls). Participants were asked to specify the current dose of these medications. In addition, interviewers asked participants who used these medications in the index week when they began their medication in order to determine duration of use.
Statistical Analysis
The primary analysis focused a priori on the association of and between the 2 COX-2 inhibitors and the odds of nonfatal MI relative to no other NSAID use. We estimated differences in the odds of MI between rofecoxib and celecoxib by comparing these 2 drugs in cross-tabulations and by comparing rofecoxib with celecoxib in logistic regression that used celecoxib as the reference group. Because the effect of aspirin on platelets and MI risk (23) could modify the effects of COX-2 inhibitors, we also performed analyses separately for users and nonusers of concurrent aspirin.
To adjust for confounding, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses that a priori included risk factors plus any variable that changed the odds ratio of interest by 10% or more, with adjustment for that specific variable (24). We considered all variables in Table 1 as potential confounders (25). (Adjustment for the following variables did not alter the results; therefore, we did not include them in the multivariable models: years of education, history of renal dysfunction, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoarthritis, income, and use of hormone replacement therapy (among women). We tested interactions with COX-2 inhibitors for all variables in Table 1 by using the product term of nonsteroidal drug type by each risk factor in multivariable regression. We also examined the association of increasing frequency of COX-2 use with nonfatal MI by using the appropriate linear term for frequency in the models with nonusers included.
Analysis of COX-2 inhibitors by dosage or duration was not possible because of small numbers. Only 2 case-patients used rofecoxib, 50 mg/d; 4 used rofecoxib, less than 25 mg/d; 1 used celecoxib, greater than 200 mg/d; and 3 used celecoxib, less than 200 mg/d. Thus, to examine whether differences between rofecoxib and celecoxib were due to the effects of higher dose of rofecoxib, we performed analyses after excluding patients using 50 mg of rofecoxib per day. Similarly, few case-patients used COX-2 inhibitors for less than 3 months or more than 12 months. No rofecoxib users and 2 celecoxib users reported less than 3 months of use, and only 3 rofecoxib users and 7 celecoxib users reported more than 12 months of use. Thus, to determine whether shorter (<3 months) or longer (>12 months) durations of medication affected the comparison between rofecoxib and celecoxib, we performed analyses after excluding those with short or long durations of use.
To determine the potential effects of recall bias, we determined the odds ratio of MI for patient-reported use of other prescription analgesics in the index week (mostly those containing acetaminophen plus opioids, and none with known effects on MI risk). We also compared reported COX-2 use with reported prescription analgesic use in the index week. If the results of the latter comparisons were similar to that of the primary study comparison, that would argue against recall bias as an explanation for the study findings. We chose the sample size to have an 80% power to detect an odds ratio of 0.6 or less or 1.5 or greater for COX-2 use versus no use in those not using aspirin or nonselective NSAIDs. We performed all analyses by using SPSS, version 10.0.5 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois).
Role of the Funding Sources
The National Institutes of Health (R01HL57312), Searle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now Pfizer, Inc.), and Merck & Co., Inc., supported this work. The funding organizations were not involved in the conduct of the study or in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data. The sponsors did not have editorial authority or rights to decisions about publication.
Risk Factors by NSAID Use
Tables 1 and 2 show differences in risk factors by drug use for controls and case-patients, respectively. In general, COX-2 users were more likely than nonusers of NSAIDs to have cardiovascular risk factors, including higher BMI and lower levels of physical activity. This was particularly true for celecoxib users, who tended to have more risk factors for MI than rofecoxib users. Results within the case-patients yielded similar findings.
Odds of Nonfatal MI by COX-2 Use
Overall, we did not detect an association between COX-2 inhibitor use and nonfatal MI (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.07]) (Table 3).
There were, however, statistically significant differences between COX-2 inhibitors. Rofecoxib was not associated with an altered odds of MI, relative to nonusers, even after adjustment for confounding (Table 3). Celecoxib, however, was associated with a statistically significantly lower odds of MI in adjusted analyses (Table 3). Adjustment for BMI and activity level was responsible for a large reduction in the celecoxib-MI odds ratio (adjusted odds ratio for only these 2 variables, 0.53 [CI, 0.30 to 0.91]; this represents a 23% reduction from the unadjusted odds ratio).
The use of rofecoxib was associated with a significantly higher odds of MI when compared with the use of celecoxib (adjusted odds ratio for rofecoxib vs. celecoxib, 2.72 [CI, 1.24 to 5.95]; P = 0.01). After exclusion of the 7 total participants reporting use of 50 mg of rofecoxib per day (the highest dosage), the results of the comparison between celecoxib and rofecoxib were unchanged (P = 0.008). Similarly, the difference between celecoxib and rofecoxib was unchanged in analyses that excluded participants with less than 3 months of use (P = 0.006) and participants with more than 12 months of use (P = 0.010).
The odds ratio for the celecoxib-MI association was much lower (odds ratio, 0.35) among nonaspirin users than among aspirin users (odds ratio, 0.67) (Table 3), while the odds ratios for the rofecoxib-MI association did not differ by the presence or absence of aspirin use (Table 2). Celecoxib and rofecoxib use statistically significantly differed among nonaspirin users (P = 0.015) but not among aspirin users (P > 0.2). However, the P values for interaction with aspirin use were all greater than 0.2 in these comparisons.
The odds ratio for those using celecoxib at least every other day in the index week was 0.39 (CI, 0.20 to 0.75), while the odds ratio for those using celecoxib less frequently was 0.82 (CI, 0.16 to 4.37; test for trend, P = 0.005). The odds ratios for those using rofecoxib at least every other day in the index week or less frequently were 1.11 (CI, 0.64 to 1.93) and 1.43 (CI, 0.40 to 5.19), respectively (test for trend, P > 0.2).
No result was altered when we removed variables that may be caused by COX-2 inhibitors (hypertension and antihypertensive medication use) from the model (data not shown).
Nonselective NSAIDs and Comparisons with COX-2 Inhibitors
In analyses comparing celecoxib with ibuprofen or diclofenac use among both aspirin and nonaspirin users (similar to CLASS [12]), the adjusted odds ratio was 0.77 (CI, 0.40 to 1.48). This is consistent with the negative association both between celecoxib and nonfatal MI (Table 2) and between ibuprofen or diclofenac and nonfatal MI (adjusted odds ratio, 0.53 [CI, 0.43 to 0.66]) when compared with no NSAID use. In analyses comparing rofecoxib with naproxen among nonaspirin users (similar to the VIGOR study [10]), the adjusted odds ratio was 3.39 (CI, 1.37 to 8.40). This is consistent with the odds ratio for rofecoxib of 1.19 (Table 2) and the negative association of naproxen (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 [CI, 0.32 to 0.73]) compared with no NSAID use. The adjusted odds ratio for rofecoxib versus ibuprofen or diclofenac was 2.04 (CI, 1.16 to 3.60), and the adjusted odds ratio for celecoxib versus naproxen was 0.81 (CI, 0.37 to 1.77).
Other Prescription Analgesics
Other prescription analgesics were not associated with nonfatal MI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 [CI, 0.71 to 1.89]). When comparing COX-2 inhibitors to other prescription analgesics, the odds ratios for celecoxib and rofecoxib were 0.30 (CI, 0.13 to 0.65) and 0.95 (CI, 0.46 to 1.95), respectively.
We show a statistically significant difference in the odds of nonfatal MI between users of rofecoxib and celecoxib. This difference was not due to an increased risk for MI among rofecoxib users but rather an association between celecoxib and lower odds of MI. Perhaps most important, the study supports the hypothesis that different COX-2 inhibitors differ in their cardiovascular effects.
Studies have proposed that COX-2 inhibitors could increase the risk for MI by inhibiting prostacyclin, but not thromboxane, production (4, 26). However, COX-2 inhibitors have several potentially beneficial effects, including reductions in vessel wall inflammation, improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduction in C-reactive protein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and inhibition of atherogenesis (5-7, 27). Several pieces of evidence suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may not be equivalent in some of these proposed mechanisms. Rofecoxib has been associated with greater elevations in blood pressure and more peripheral edema than celecoxib, and, in ex vivo assays, rofecoxib is also more selective for the COX-2 isoenzyme, at least at supratherapeutic doses (26, 28). A direct comparison of rofecoxib versus celecoxib in salt-sensitive rats revealed that celecoxib but not rofecoxib improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and decreased 8-isoprostane plasma levels at the doses used (8). Although limitations of these mechanism studies make their applicability to the clinical effects of the drugs unclear, our study results are consistent with the theory that differences within the class of COX-2 inhibitors may exist.
Unlike our study, 3 published studies (13-15) using administrative databases did not detect a statistically significant protective effect of celecoxib (odds ratios, 0.96 [13], 0.9 [14], and 0.93 [15]). However, these studies could not measure actual COX-2 consumption; could not account for nonprescription aspirin or NSAID use; and were limited in their ability to adjust for confounding (29), including important confounders (BMI and physical activity) that we identified in our study. These limitations could explain the differences in findings from our study. For example, without adjustment for BMI or physical activity or accounting for nonprescription NSAID use, our odds ratio for celecoxib would have been 26% higher (that is, closer to 1.0). With respect to rofecoxib, 1 of the 3 studies found no association between rofecoxib and MI (14), 1 reported an increased risk for cardiovascular events among users of more than 25 mg of rofecoxib but no effect of 25 mg or less of rofecoxib (13), and 1 reported an increased risk for rofecoxib relative to no use of prescription NSAIDs (odds ratio, 1.14; P = 0.054) (15). The latter study also found that the increased risk for rofecoxib was greatest when compared with celecoxib users and with dosages of rofecoxib more than 25 mg/d or durations of less than 3 months (both compared with celecoxib, which had a non-statistically significantly lower odds of MI [odds ratio, 0.93 (CI, 0.84 to 1.02)]) (15). Our study had too few case-patients who used more than 25 mg of rofecoxib or who used COX-2 inhibitors for less than 3 months to analyze these subsets of users.
Two new pieces of evidence are available; however, neither study has been published. Graham and colleagues (30) recently presented an analysis from a health maintenance organization database. The results showed a higher risk for MI and sudden death from rofecoxib dose greater than 25 mg relative to remote NSAID use. In addition, lower-dose rofecoxib (=25 mg) was associated with an increased risk when compared with celecoxib. The other study, the APPROVe trial, demonstrated a higher risk for cardiovascular events from 25 mg of rofecoxib relative to placebo, but only after 18 months into treatment. We could not examine sudden death or longer-term use of rofecoxib.
The current literature thus supports an increase in cardiovascular risk from rofecoxib, at least in doses greater than 25 mg, over longer periods of treatment, or relative to celecoxib. No study discussed here has identified an increased risk from celecoxib. In addition, in a recent randomized trial in patients without previous cardiovascular events, another COX-2 inhibitor, lumiracoxib (a highly COX-2 selective drug [31]), was not associated with a statistically significant increase in cardiovascular outcomes relative to nonselective NSAID comparators, albeit with limited power (32).
Several limitations must be considered in interpreting our results. First, although studies have hypothesized a protective effect of COX-2 inhibitors against MI (5, 6), including potentially beneficial effects of celecoxib (6, 8), the association between celecoxib use and lower odds of nonfatal MI may have occurred by chance. Second, recall bias could have created our results if controls had better recall of their COX-2 inhibitor use than case-patients. However, analysis of other prescription analgesics did not demonstrate evidence of recall bias, and the comparisons of COX-2 inhibitors with these prescription analgesics are not likely to be biased by differential recall. Third, nonparticipation bias could occur if prevalence of analgesic use differed between participants and nonparticipants. However, if the likelihood of nonparticipation was the same for COX-2 users and for other prescription analgesic users, the comparison between COX-2 use and prescription analgesic use (which yielded similar results) should be unbiased by nonparticipation. This is consistent with our previous substudies within this study that demonstrated the same relative differences in analgesic use between participants and nonparticipants for case-patients as for controls (21). Because case-patients and controls did not differ with respect to the effect of nonparticipation, the estimate of nonparticipation on the nonselective NSAID-MI association had no effect (3). Fourth, despite adjustment for many potential confounders, above and beyond that available in administrative database studies, uncontrolled confounding is always possible in observational studies. Fifth, because we included only nonfatal MIs, a harmful effect of COX-2 inhibitors could be masked if the drugs increased the risk for fatal MI. However, the difference between rofecoxib and naproxen in the VIGOR study (10) was due to a difference in nonfatal MIs, with no difference in fatal events (11). Finally, because of limited power, we could not exclude an up to 1.9-fold increase in risk for nonfatal MI with the use of rofecoxib, nor could we directly measure the effect of 50 mg of rofecoxib or short- or long-term rofecoxib use. However, our results suggest that the difference between celecoxib and rofecoxib is not due to an isolated increase in risk from 50 mg of rofecoxib or different durations of use.
Most important, the difference between rofecoxib and celecoxib is less likely to be biased by nonparticipation, uncontrolled confounding, or recall bias. The comparison between the 2 drugs would be biased only if the recall or participation between case-patients and controls differed specifically by which COX-2 inhibitor they used. We believe that this is unlikely because there is no reason to suspect that participants had different recall or participation on the basis of which COX-2 inhibitor they used. With respect to uncontrolled confounding, celecoxib users were at higher risk than rofecoxib users, which should, if anything, have biased against showing the difference demonstrated.
Current data support an increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes from rofecoxib, particularly at higher doses or longer duration of use. Our study of mostly lower-dose and shorter-duration use suggests that rofecoxib may not have an increased risk in this setting, but this remains speculative. The possibility that celecoxib or other relatively COX-2 selective inhibitors (19) could protect against MI should also be considered only a hypothesis that deserves further study. The possibility of recall bias, nonparticipation, and uncontrolled confounding in our observational study precludes definitive conclusions. However, these potential limitations are less likely in the direct comparison of rofecoxib with celecoxib, and our study, as well as other evidence (8, 15), suggest potential differences among COX-2 inhibitors in cardiovascular effects. Further studies, preferably randomized trials, are needed to fully understand the spectrum of effects of COX-2 inhibitors, both with respect to each other and to the various populations of patients that use them.
From the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
See editorial: Cardiovascular Risks of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: Where We Stand Now by A. Finckh and M.D. Aronson.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Sandy Barile for editorial assistance, Max Herlim for programming assistance, and William H. Sauer, MD, for assistance with data coding.
Grant Support: By the National Institutes of Health (R01HL57312), Searle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now Pfizer, Inc.), and Merck & Co., Inc.
Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest: Consultancies: S.E. Kimmel (Pfizer, Inc.); J.A. Berlin (Wyeth-Ayerst, Johnson and Johnson, and GlaxoSmithKline); B.L. Strom (Pfizer, Inc., Novartis, Whitehall-Robins, Wyeth-Ayerst); Honoraria: M. Reilly (Merck Frosst Canada Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline); B.L. Strom (Abbott, Wyeth-Ayerst, Pfizer, Inc.); Expert testimony: B.L. Strom (Bayer, Parke-Davis, GlaxoSmithKline); Grants received: S.E. Kimmel (Pfizer, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., many other pharmaceutical manufacturers who make nonselective nonaspirin NSAIDs); J.A. Berlin (McNeil, Pfizer, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc.); M. Reilly (Merck & Co., Inc., GlaxoSmithKline); B.L. Strom (Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Wyeth-Ayerst, Pharmacia, Whitehall Robins).
Requests for Single Reprints: Stephen E. Kimmel, MD, MS, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 717 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Kimmel: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 717 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021.
Dr. Berlin: Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560.
Dr. Reilly: Hospital University of Pennsylvania, 9 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Ms. Jaskowiak: University of Pennsylvania, 731 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Ms. Kishel: 220 Locust Street, Apt 9F, Philadelphia, PA 19106.
Mr. Chittams: University of Pennsylvania, 525GH Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Dr. Strom University of Pennsylvania, 824 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin, B.L. Strom.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin, M. Reilly, J. Jaskowiak, L. Kishel, J. Chittams.
Drafting of the article: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin, M. Reilly.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin, M. Reilly, J. Jaskowiak, L. Kishel, B.L. Strom.
Final approval of the article: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin, M. Reilly, J. Jaskowiak, L. Kishel, J. Chittams, B.L. Strom.
Statistical expertise: J.A. Berlin, J. Chittams.
Obtaining of funding: S.E. Kimmel, J.A. Berlin.
Collection and assembly of data: J. Jaskowiak, L. Kishel.
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Over the next several months, Memphis music lovers will be outdoors frequently in anticipation of good company, a relaxing evening and great tunes.
And performers of all stripes and levels of success – from storytellers to Southern guitar gods to an orchestra pumping out the swinging sounds of the 1930s – will be on deck to give them all that and more.
Seamus Loftus sits down for an interview on the mezzanine of his new Irish pub, The Brass Door, looks over at a ventilation duct next to him, runs a finger along one edge and purses his lips in disapproval. He calls a staff member over. "Look," he says, "I'm not mad, and I don't remember who's in charge upstairs, but there's dust all over these vents. This is unacceptable. Just bring me a rag and I'll wipe them off."
WASHINGTON (AP) – Retail sales rose for a fifth straight month in November, suggesting a strong holiday shopping season and raising hopes that consumers will boost the economy in the coming months.
Every city has restaurants like these Downtown, usually near the courts and lawyers' offices or the banks, restaurants that serve traditional breakfasts and plate lunches to customers who might be wearing white shirts and ties or workers in blue or gray uniforms or women in everything from slacks to power suits.
Among designers, retailers and homeowners, there's little consensus on where home decor and design are headed except that the watchword will be "ease."
Whatever our personal style may look like – whether we embrace the past, with traditional furnishings and warm colors, or go sleek, functional and space-agey – a simple, beautiful space "is the design equivalent of comfort food" in tumultuous times, says Design Public's head blogger, Becky Harris.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Personal incomes rose in November at the fastest pace in six months, while spending posted a second straight increase. But economists cautioned that the gains remain too weak to sustain a strong economic recovery.
When the Le family moved from Saigon to Memphis in 1984, they brought little with them except cooking skills and a desire to prosper in a new country.
Family matriarch Hoa Nguyen and her daughter Tuyen Le went to work for Fascinating Foods, the old Midtown catering company, a job that Tuyen Le followed by working as a waitress in several American and Asian restaurants. For years, Tuyen Le told her mother that she needed to start her own restaurant.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Orders to U.S. factories rebounded in September, helped by strength in autos, heavy machinery and military aircraft.
The fifth increase in six months bolstered hopes that a revival in manufacturing will help support an overall economic recovery. The worry is that if consumer spending falters in coming months, orders will slump again.
WASHINGTON (AP) - After a dismal start to 2009, business people see more pain ahead, expecting no improvement in economic conditions till late this year at the earliest.
Their pessimism was evident in the Federal Reserve's latest snapshot of business activity nationwide. It showed sharp cutbacks affecting both blue-collar jobs that once churned out construction equipment and white-collar professionals like business consultants and accountants.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Skittish employers slashed 533,000 jobs in November, the most in 34 years, catapulting the unemployment rate to 6.7 percent, dramatic proof the country is careening deeper into recession.
WASHINGTON (AP) - From Congress to the campaign trail, everyone seems to have an economic stimulus plan - and from missile makers to garden suppliers- every business wants a piece of it.
Several major industry groups - the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Retail Federation and U.S. Chamber of Commerce - said they have been talking with or plan to talk with the Bush administration and lawmakers about how the stimulus package can help their constituents.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Consumer prices in July edged up by the smallest amount in eight months as gasoline prices posted a big decline.
The U.S. Department of Labor has reported that consumer inflation rose by a tiny 0.1 percent last month, the smallest advance since prices were flat last November. Core inflation, which excludes volatile energy and food, was also well-behaved, rising by just 0.2 percent, the same as June.
Waller keyed Salvation Armys Uptown move
By ANDREW BELL
The Daily News
In the early days of what became known as rock n roll, a young man with religious concerns made his sojourn to Memphis for a ...
Copyright 1995 -
by The Daily News Publishing Co. Inc. - All Rights Reserved


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(PRWEB) April 03, 2011
San Francisco, CA (PRWEB) April 3, 2011 -- HostUCan, a next generation web hosting search and review platform, announce its first release today. They have developed a powerful context-based search engine to help people find the best hosting option based on their hosting needs. HostUCan is also a place for webmasters to share their hosting experience and to seek information from other experts.
"Each product is designed for a different purpose; What works for one person might not be the right option for the other one," says Lin Zheng, CEO of HostUCan.com, "for example, Bluehost is a company that mainly targets bloggers, small businesses, and personal users. If people host high traffic eCommerce site with them, their sites will suffer. HostUCan has developed a unique learning system that understands what each hosting package is designed to do. Once webmaster define the framework and number of daily pageveiws a website will receive, the web hosting recommendation engine will perform the context match analysis and then display the best web hosting solution."
How HostUCan calculate the context relevant score?
Based on what they have released in their site, HostUCan calculate the context relevant score of each web host based on several factors:
For those who need a hosting solution:
For those who have a hosting solution:
HostUCan is a community made to help with all hosting issues:
For web hosting service providers:
# # #


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Instead of clogging up the freestyle rules thread, I thought I'd start my own. I'm not terribly familiar with folkstyle (wrestled in Canada, freestyle and a bit of greco) but there's a few folkstyle scoring conventions that are pretty frustrating to watch. I'll use examples from the 2001 NCAA finals, a pretty awesome set of matches, because I just watched them on flowrestling.
a) People backing out of bounds to avoid scoring. Even in old-rules freestyle we were warned to stay on bounds or we might get dinged- in the NCAA's people are really blatant about it. (ie 197 lb final- holy frick people).
b) Escapes... as I mentioned on the other thread, escapes at crucial times mess up the scoring so that the wrestler with the most offensive points doesn't win. Good example is the Snyder/Williams match posted on flowrestling, were Williams starts in the down position. He scores a reversal (the only offensive points of the match), Snyder gets away, and the score is tied. Fair? (this match also demonstrates the out-of-bounds crap).
c) People rolling onto their backs to prevent scoring. It drives me crazy that you can be on your back, just about pinned, but becasue you're grabbing onto a leg or something- no points. Example is the otherwise awesome Juergens/Thomspon match also on flo. In my mind if you are lying on your back, you should be giving up points. "Stay off your back" was about the first thing we learned.
(Oh, and at least boring freestyle matches can end in 4 minutes, in folkstyle you "get" to watch 2 guys shove each other for 7 minutes )


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TEAM Rwanda Kalisimbi rider Adrien Niyonshuti recovered from a sluggish stage 2, Kigali-Muhanga performance to finish fourth in stage 3, Muhanga-Huye and moved up to seventh position in the general classification of the 2012 Tour du Rwanda.
Rwanda's top rider finished a distant 31st in stage 2 (44.1km) after using 01h16'45" but improved in stage 3 (72.4km) where he clocked 1h49'12"10.
He has reduced the gap between him and the Tour leader Lil Daren of Team South Africa to 38 seconds. Daren came second in stage two and won stage three. Niyoshuti, who rides for South African professional Team MTN, is seventh in general classification with 06h55'40.
Daren, 30 goes into today's fourth stage, Huye-Karongi wearing the Yellow Jersey. He takes it from Canadian Remi Roy Pelletier of Team Quebecor Garneau.
In general classification after 274, 2 km, Team South Africa's Daren leads the standing with 6h55'02", followed by his two team mates Ward Shaun and Girdlestone Dylan with 06h55'16"14 and 06h55'09"07, respectively.
After a bad morning (Kigali-Muhanga), Rwandan riders improved in stage three. Hadi of Team Rwanda Kalisimbi came 14th with 1h49'43"41, Uwizeyimana (Team Rwanda Akagera) came 17th after clocking 1h49'54"52, Rudahunga (Team Rwanda Kalisimbi) came 22nd with 1h50'10", Hategeka (Team Rwanda Akagera) clocked 1h50'10".
Team South Africa is leading the Tour after winning the opening three stages.
Second Stage: Kigali-Muhanga
Rwanda's top rider finished a distant 31st on stage 2 (44.1km) after using 01h16'45" but improved in stage 3 (72.4km) where he clocked 1h49'12"10.
1. A. Meron (Team UCC) 01h16'07"
2. L. Daren (Team S.A) 01h16'07"
3. R. Pelletier (Team Quebecor Garneau) 01h16'07"
4. A. Kahsay (Team Eth) 01h16'07"
5. J. Njoroge Muya (Team Ken) 01h16'07"
Rwandan riders
15. N. Habiyambere (Team Akagera) 01h16'45" "
18. J. Biziyaremye (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
20. G. Hategeka (Team Akagera) 01h16'45" "
23. J. Hadi (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
29. E. Rudahunga (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
30. A. Ruhumuriza (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
31. A. Niyonshuti (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
33. N. Byukusenge (Team Kalisimbi) 01h16'45" "
34. H. Rukundo (Team Akagera) 01h16'54" 47"
35. JB Nsengiyumva (Team Akagera) 01h17'00" 53"
39. B. Uwizeyimana (Team Akagera) 01h20'32" 04'25"
44. J. Mbarushimana (Team Akagera) 01h24'11" 08'04"
Stage three Muhanga- Huye
1. L. Daren (Team S.A) 1h49'02"
2. M. Kudus (Team UCC) 1h49'10"08
3. W. Shaun (Team S.A) 01h49'12"10
4. A. Niyinshuti (Team Kalisimbi) 1h49'12"10
Other Rwandans
14. J. Hadi (Team Kalisimbi) 1h49'43"41
17. B. Uwizeyimana (Team Akagera) 1h49'54"52
22. E. Rudahunga (Team Kalisimbi) 1h50'10"
23. G. Hategeka (Team Akagera) 1h50'10"
28. J. Biziyaremye (Team Kalisimbi) 1h50'10"08
29. H. Rukundo (Team Akagera) 1h50'10"08
30. N. Habiyambere (Team Akagera) 1h50'10"08
35. N. Byukusenge (Team Kalisimbi) 1h50'21
38. J. Mbarushimana (Team Akagera) 1h50'33"01'31
41. A. Ruhumuriza (Team Kalisimbi) 1h50'34
General Classification
1. L. Daren (Team S.A) 6h55'02"
2. W. Shaun (Team S.A) 06h55'09"07
3. G. Dylan (Team S.A) 06h55'16"14
4. M. Kudus (Team UCC) 06h55'18"16
5. A. Alem (Team UCC) 06h55'22"20
7. A. Niyinshuti 06 h55'40"38
17. E. Rudahunga 06h57'02
18. N. Habiyambere 06h57'06
23. G. Hategeka 06h57'22
25. H. Rukundo 06h57'24
26. N. Byukusenge 06h57'27
27. A. Ruhumuriza 06h57'41
34. B. Uwizeyimana 07h00'25
35. J. Biziyaremye 07h02'03
38. J. Hadi 07h 05'32


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Traditional strengths of chemical/biochemical engineers are their ability to think across time scales and integrate descriptions of molecular level phenomena into an understanding of macroscopic systems. Hence, the world of chemical and biochemical engineering fully embraces current areas that are at the forefront of research, such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and environmental science. Chemical/biochemical engineers translate scientific aspects of technology into new, cost-effective products and processes, and improve existing ones. For example, chemical and biochemical engineers play very significant roles in developing the intellectual and technological bases for pharmaceuticals, scaffolds for artificial kidneys, chemical sensors, drug delivery, energy technologies, such as fuel and solar cells, novel techniques for purifying water, biomedical devices, membrane reactors, personal care and agricultural products, biocompatible polymers, etc.
Educational Objectives
We expect our Chemical and Biochemical Engineering program graduates to:
- Pursue productive scientific and technical careers, beginning with entry-level engineering positions in industry, or graduate study in chemical or biochemical engineering or related fields; or to successfully pursue other careers that benefit from the analytical or quantitative skills acquired through the Brown CBE program;
- Effectively apply the principles of chemical and biochemical engineering, problem-solving skills, and critical and independent thinking, to a broad range of complex, multidisciplinary technological and societal problems;
- Communicate effectively, both orally and in writing, to professionals and audiences of diverse backgrounds, and to pursue technical approaches and innovations that address the needs of society in an ethical, safe, sustainable, and environmentally responsible manner.
Concentration Advisors
Prof. Andrew Peterson
B&H 239 and MRL 207, 401-863-2153
Prof. Bob Hurt
B&H 239 and MRL 207, 401-863-2685 and 401-863-6773
Undergraduate Study Information
The concentration is composed of the following courses:
- Interdisciplinary core program for the Sc.B.
- Upper level engineering courses
- One approved, upper level elective course in the natural sciences
- Four approved humanities courses
For more information, please see the program guide.
Program Options
- Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
- Computer Applications in Chemical Processing
- Electronics Applications in Chemical Processing
- Energy Production and Conversion
- Environmental Issues and Pollution Prevention
- Materials Processing and Synthesis


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Marks & Spencer lost £270 million market value as stocks fell by 4.5% to 353p, after leaked quarterly results showed 1.8% fall in overall sales for the 13 weeks to 29 December, in contrast to Christmas sales of competitors such as John Lewis and Next. The leaked results piled pressure on M&S CEO Mark Bollard who was too late in tending to the damage which was already done. Mark Bollard clarified that Marks & Spencer had not issued a profit warning in an emergency conference call last night.
The M&S CEO admitted that business in non-food category was not yet satisfactory but pointed out that the group had decided to protect margins by reducing the level of promotions and keeping more stock at full prices. Mark Bollard said the new management team needed more time to address the revival plan, which will take effect only in July with the launch of autumn-winter collection.
City analysts fear that time is running out for Mark Bollard as he procrastinates a turnaround for Marks & Spencer, particularly when the retailer is pouring in money on makeover of the M&S stores. Shore Capital analyst Clive Black said, "It is clear that pressure is rising on the new management with respect to the nature and performance of forthcoming spring and summer clothing ranges at M&S in the UK, and an improvement in relative and absolute terms is necessary for shareholders' confidence to be bolstered."
Marks & Spencer's poor Christmas trading results come in contrast to other retail giants Next and John Lewis, which reported strong sales growth over the Christmas period. General merchandise sales at M&S slid by 3.8% in the last 13 weeks of 2012, while the 0.3% rise in food sales also missed forecasts. M&S predicted a cautious year ahead, while expecting to see continued pressure on consumers' disposable incomes.


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Tuesday March 3
Timmy Reyes dropped into the New Era/TransWorld SURF lounge (video above) for a quick chat after we spotted him on his way to lunch. We do the Cote's Cube interviews on the balcony of the 5th floor, better views, less hooligans, and you can't hear Roy Powers' now-patented e-brake slides he does every time he drives by.
6PM Just took the SUP out to the so called "shark nets" in front of Snapper Rocks and uh, I got news for ya'll—there ain't no nets there! They're about 1 kilometer out to sea and only marked by yellow buoys that float on the surface and are separated by about 100 yards. When I got out there, I put my head underwater to see the nets and lo and behold, there was only a line of rope. Apparently the nets are staggered in depth—basically located here and there and completely useless if a shark has even half a brain. Speaking of half a brain, why exactly did I paddle out there at the dusk feeding time?
2009 ASP Women's Tour Rookies Coco Ho and Alana Blanchard drop by the TransWorld SURF/New Era lounge for a quick episode of the infamous Cote's Cube. With the addition of these two and some the other ripping rookies, there's more energy and excitement than ever for women's surfing!
The little pier behind Parko's house with his not-so-little boat. Life is good for this man! Photo: Chris Cote
So that's how Parko got so ripped out! Photo: Chris Cote
Brendan "Margo" Margieson mans the grill at the little Billabong company BBQ. What, no shrimp on the barbie? Photo: Chris Cote
Parko makes another fan at an informal Billabong team signing. Photo: Chris Cote
1PM No contest today as the waves are really small at Snapper and the backup spot, Duranbah. We're getting down to business today, filming interviews with Coco Ho, Alana Blanchard, and Timmy Reyes. To compliment the small surf, Craig "Scat" Pitchers from JS Industries brought us a 10′ Stand Up Paddle board to cruise on. As long as we're far away from any of the runaway water patrol jet skis, we should be okay and it's really fun to actually catch a bunch of waves out at Snapper. Revenge is a SUP at Snapper! Chris just did an interview with Parko and came back saying that he's a very interesting human and claims his main interest right now (besides surfing of course) is reading peoples's facial expressions. Weird eh?


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Stepping Stones
When: Second and fourth Tuesday of the month, 7.30pm - 9pm
The group provides a safe and welcoming space for women who are new to the area, 'coming out', have just come out of a relationship or simply want other women to talk to and share experiences with.
To ensure that new and existing members are receiving a clear and structured programme, Stepping Stones is based on a 14 session which will run on a cycle throughout the year. New members may join anytime and will have the opportunity to complete all the 14 sessions no matter when they first attend. Once the 14th session has ended, the programme will start again with the same topics and discussions.
We are introducing the programme to provide more intensive support to women in a more focused way, which means group members aren't likely to need to attend long-term. Members who would like more of a social group will be signposted to Carousel. Click to find out more >>
For details on what is going on from session to session, please visit our What's On section and look for the appropriate date.
The group is for women aged from 18 years old, with no upper age limit, the group meets on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month from 7.30-9.00pm.


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Forest Technology
Associate of Applied Science Degree (A.A.S.)
The practical hands-on curriculum prepares students for:
- technical and mid-management positions in forestry production
- wood processing
- federal and state agencies
- manufacturing industries
Coursework includes:
- GPS/GIS technology
- plant variability and diversity
- forestry related software
- marketing and logistical skills for the forest industry
- an academic and a specialized background needed for a variety of careers in forestry
- the opportunity to earn certification in Basic Wildland, Firefighter PA 130
Graduates have a diverse set of skills and abilities that could prepare them for "green" careers focused on energy, renewable energy, and the environment. Read more...
Graduates have a diverse set of skills and abilities that could prepare them for employment in the natural gas industry. Read more...
Program Specs
- Application/Major Code: FR – view in catalog
- School: Transportation & Natural Resources Technologies
- Degree Type: Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.)
Open House
Learn more
About the curriculum
View the classes you will be attending in the College Catalog.
Accreditation & Industry Connections
After graduation
Graduates are encouraged to continue their educational pursuits. Penn College offers the Two-Plus-Two major that may be completed at the Penn College campus or online via distance learning. The Penn College Forestry program has a close affiliation with The Pennsylvania State University or students may also continue their studies at Paul Smith's College, West Virginia University or Glenville State College to obtain their bachelor's degree.
List of jobs via the College Catalog.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for forest and conservation technicians was $34,910 in May 2013. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $24,930.The top 10 percent earned more than $54,230.
Industries with the highest published employment for this occupation are:
|Hourly mean wage
|Annual mean wage
|Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation)
|State Government (OES Designation)
|Local Government (OES Designation)
|Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services
|Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools
Statistics reported in May 2013
Transfer Procedures
View general transfer procedures via the College Catalog.
Tools, Uniforms & Supplies
Uniform/Safety Protection
- Leather work gloves
- Safety glasses
- Safety toe boots
- ANSI Hard Hat with Ear & Eye Protection
Uniforms and tools are available for purchase through The College Store.
Clubs & Activities
- Forestry Club
View the entire student organizations listing or Greek Life listing.
Forest Technology Advisory Committee
Advisory committees, which act as recommending bodies to the faculty and administration, consist of in-field professionals who act as partners in the development of curriculum. Their curricular and equipment advice as well as their industry connections and internship opportunities are invaluable to our students and to the growth of our institution.


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Glee Season 4 Music Spoiler: Rachel, Kurt and Sarah Jessica Parker Are About to Have a Kiki — But What's a Kiki?
It's time to dive, turn, and work: Glee is covering the Scissor Sisters!
Chris Colfer (Kurt) shared a pic of himself wearing a vest with the Scissor Sisters logo, along with the message: "We're having a Kiki at Glee today y'all! #DiveTurnWerk @scissorsisters"
It sounds like Lea Michele (Rachel) is just as excited about this news as we are, as she tweeted, "Getting ready to shoot a really fun musical number with @chriscolfer and SJP! This is one of my fav musical numbers! #omgSJP!"
Lea tells The Hollywood Reporter that "Let's Have a Kiki" will be performed on the Thanksgiving episode by Rachel, Kurt, and Isabelle at Rachel and Kurt's apartment after they have a feast (presumably with Tofurkey). Sounds like a way more fabulous way to spend Thanksgiving than by watching football, no?
Lea also reveals that Chris Colfer may have been instrumental in getting the song on the show, and it is "one of [his] favorite songs by the Scissor Sisters." So thank you, Chris!
We think it will be a blast to see the three of them team up for this cheeky number, which we're sure we'll be accompanied by a fair amount ridiculous dancing. And it's about time that Glee gets around to covering Scissor Sisters, since we're still shocked that "Take Your Mama" has yet to be performed on the show. (Shouldn't someone have sung it about Lea's mom Shelby by now?)
Never gotten the chance to see the original "Let's Have a Kiki" video before? Take a look below. Then watch it again, this time picturing Rachel, Kurt and Isabelle shakin' it on stage. Mind. Blown.
Can't get enough Gleetastic goodness? Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter!


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In order to check out material from the Law Library or from the Christopher Center library, your Student ID must be activated in the University library system. Following is the procedure for this activation in the Law Library:
- Obtain your Student ID from the One Card Office in the Christopher Center Library.
- Have your phone number and local address ready. If you have yet to find housing, you can still go through the activation process, but you must return to the Law Libary's circulation desk to update your information when available.
- Go to the Law Library Check-In table in the Café to activate your card.
- August 10 activation hours: 8am-11:30am
- After August 10, go to the Law Library's circulation desk to activate your card. Available Monday-Friday, 8:30am-4:30pm.
This process should only take a couple of minutes. Please do not attempt to have your card activated before August 10.


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By Kathryn G. Menu; photography by Michael Heller
One is designed to resemble a garbage can, another a tractor. A hammerhead shark is expected to make an appearance, but the only thing that will matter this Sunday is how fast they go.
The Sag Harbor Soap Box Derby will be revived this Sunday on High Street, following a Main Street parade — events organized for local cub, boy and girl scout troops, but also for a community that has always prided itself on its old fashioned nature.
Organized by Sag Harbor Cub Scout Pack 455 leaders Laurie Barone-Schaeffer and Geraldine Merola, Sunday's race will feature a total of 34 racers. Cub Scout Pack 455 will have 19 racers competing Sunday, with Boy Scout Troop 455 entering five drivers into the competition. Sag Harbor Girl Scout Troops 152, 413 and 2996 will have 12 racers in Sunday's derby.
The derby will feature first, second and third place awards in three different age divisions. On Tuesday, Barone-Schaeffer said her race roster includes children as young as six and as old as 17.
"This whole idea started out as a den project for my scouts, but once it got off the ground we wanted to open this up to all the scouts of Sag Harbor," said Barone-Schaeffer. "The response has been overwhelming."
Race day will begin with a parade down Main Street at 1 p.m., featuring the drivers and their derby cars, transported by trailers donated from local businesses like Keith Grimes, Inc., Corwith's Auto Body and Rapid Recovery Towing.
The Sag Harbor Fire Department, the charter organization for Boy Scout Troop 455, will join the troops in the parade, as will members of Jordan's Initiative, the not-for-profit honoring Marine Lance Corporal Jordan C. Haerter, a Sag Harbor resident killed in action in Iraq in 2008. This year's race has been dedicated in his honor.
Also joining the parade will be two special guests —Sergeant First Class (SFC) Russ Littel, who recently returned from a tour of duty in Afghanistan, and Brad Vollmoeller, a Medford man who will display his antique derby car.
The parade will take the racers down Main Street, up Bay Street and to Rysam Street where they will set up at the High Street track, constructed by Chris Cook of Cookhouse Construction.
And then it is off to the races.
"When you take a step back and look at what is going on with our kids today — they are getting so wrapped up in video games and living in a cyber world," said Barone-Schaeffer. "This is an event that is getting them out there, into the community."
From connecting with local business owners — many of which have sponsored specific cars in the race — to working on radio advertising and constructing their own racers, Barone-Schaeffer said the scouts have been involved in every aspect of the race.
"This is a community coming together for some old fashioned fun, but it is also bonding with parents, learning to use tools and be creative, working with local businesses," she said.
Learning about local not-for-profits like Jordan's Initiative and Katy's Courage, sponsors of the race, has been another learning experience for the scouts.
Katy's Courage, a not-for-profit founded in memory of Sag Harbor resident Katy Stewart who died in 2011 at the age of 12 from a rare form of liver cancer, will have tent at the after-party at Havens Beach. Stewart's brother, Robert, is one of Sunday's racers.
Jordan's Initiative founder, Christian Haerter — Jordan's father — has created bumper stickers and license plates for all of the racers, and sponsored a car.
"We want to incorporate all our community organizations into a day like this, so that it really does become a day where we celebrate the scouts, but really our community as a whole," said Barone-Schaeffer.
The celebration really began this past Monday, at the Sag Harbor Elementary School parking lot where racers and their parents proudly displayed their derby cars for the first time at the formal weigh-in in advance of the race.
Ten-year-old girl scout Kiara Bailey-Williams kept her derby car largely under wraps, but said the tin covered, dome shaped racer has already been on the road since she finished building it with her grandfather, Paul Bailey, with help from family friends George Henderson and Val Miller.
"It runs pretty smooth," she said.
Bailey-Williams, who is sponsored by the Sag Harbor Fire Department, had completed 10 test runs as of Monday, six on High Street. So focused was the racer, that she already had a clear plan of attack for Sunday's race.
"I am going to put my head down and try and keep as much air from creating resistance," said Bailey-Williams.
Aidan Ozsu, 6, has also tested his racer.
"At my house we used this little hill," said Ozsu, sitting in his blue and yellow racer in the elementary school lot on Monday. "It worked good and the brakes worked. But I didn't want to stop. I wanted to go flying."
Nine-year-old Emily Glass will be racing in a Suburban Sanitation inspired racer in honor of her sponsor and uncle Ralph Ficorelli, the owner of that company. Glass's derby car, built with Ficorelli, mimics the company's logo — an overturned garbage can with a dog's tail sticking out of it.
"I have never done a soapbox derby race before, and I think its going to be a lot of fun," said Glass.
Abby Robinson, 8, tested out her purple racer, covered with decals of flowers and smiling monkeys Monday. Next to her sat Bryona Hayes, in a black and red derby car, which would only be complete when it was fashioned with glitter prior to Sunday's race. Douglas Stisi, sponsored by Keith Grimes, debuted a green and yellow racer resembling a tractor in honor of Grimes, an excavator. Charlie McClean's sponsor, Tight Lines Tackle, was the reason he decided to construct a hammerhead shark derby car.
Eight-year-old Robert Stewart's green and yellow racer, with lightning bolts, was crafted over three years, with the help of technology education teacher Andy Rigby — a former student of Stewart's parents, Brigid Collins Stewart and Jim Stewart.
"I am just going to go straight and hope that I win," said Stewart, getting ready to test is racer out for the first time.
Stewart, sponsored by the Sag Harbor Service Station, purchased a wheel that mimics the station's logo for his car.
"We feel Robert will always remember this because of all the time we have put in to this," said Brigid. "It will be a very special day."
According to Barone-Schaeffer, other scouting groups regionally have taken notice of what is happening in Sag Harbor.
"It could evolve into something where we have a larger race where kids could qualify for the All American Soap Box Derby," she said. "But this year it was just about Sag Harbor."


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Vivian St. George and Her Dog
This sculpture of a young girl, posed as the young goddess Diana with her dog and bow and arrows, demonstrates how Paul Manship sought to meld ideal form inspired by classical Greek and Roman sculpture with a distinctly modern simplicity. He exercised careful control in forming the regularized volumes and polished surface, and added a touch of delicacy with the gilt detailing on the costume and hair. Vivian St. George was the only child of the Irish painter Sir William Orpen and the married American heiress Evelyn St. George. Manship received the portrait commission through his friend the American painter John Singer Sargent, with whom he lived briefly in London in the early 1920s.
- Artist: Paul Howard Manship, American, 1885-1966
- Medium: Bronze, parcel gilt
- Dates: 1924
- Dimensions: 43 1/2 x 24 x 16 in. (110.5 x 61 x 40.6 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:American Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in American Identities: A New Look, Modern Life, 5th Floor
- Exhibitions:
- Accession Number: 2008.68
- Credit Line: Gift of the American Art Council and Dick S. Ramsay Fund
- Rights Statement: © Estate of Paul Howard Manship
- Caption: Paul Howard Manship (American, 1885-1966). Vivian St. George and Her Dog, 1924. Bronze, parcel gilt, 43 1/2 x 24 x 16 in. (110.5 x 61 x 40.6 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the American Art Council and Dick S. Ramsay Fund, 2008.68. © Estate of Paul Howard Manship
- Image:
- Record Completeness: Good (63%)