text: Man shot in possible drive-byBy Christopher Cadelago10:48 p.m.Nov. 5, 2011Updated11:05 p.m.⎙ Print💬 Comments -Reddit✉-CommentsA man was shot in the leg in an apparent drive-by shooting late Saturday in Linda Vista, authorities said. The man was taken to a hospital after being shot about 10 p.m. on Dunlap Street near Ulric Street, a San Diego Police spokesman said.No other information was available as of 11 p.m.


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Tourists currently on holiday in Greece have one piece of advice: bring extra euros.
Two pilots with an Argentinian airline have been fired after they took selfies with a Playboy model in the cockpit during a flight, the airline told ABC News.
The Justice Department has sent subpoenas to several major airlines as part of an investigation into "possible unlawful coordination" to limit capacity increases, and thereby keeping ticket prices high, a department spokeswoman said Wednesday.
The de...
Nobody likes paying airline bag fees. And for U.S. passengers, things are about to get worse.
Now that JetBlue started charging for bags on Tuesday, Southwest Airlines will be the only major U.S. airline not tacking on additional luggage fees.
All tol...
The June 26 beach resort massacre in Tunisia will deal a massive blow to the country's tourism industry, but while many visitors have chosen to switch or cut short their travel plans, there are others who insist on staying.
Whenever Ben Schlappig travels from his home in Los Angeles to Europe, he flies Singapore Airlines.
Tour operators and airlines are canceling flights to Tunisia and offering to rebook vacations for free after a bloody terrorist attack at a beachfront hotel.
At least 37 people were killed and 36 injured in the attack Friday near the coastal city of S...
Authorities have tentatively identified all nine bodies from a sightseeing plane that crashed into a cliff in southeast Alaska.
Eight passengers and a pilot were on board the flight.
On Friday, Alaska State Troopers identified the victims as: Hal Chene...
Leaning back in his hammock, Garry Bickett looks over at his brother, Bill. He reflects on the day and the beauty of the sun setting across the North Atlantic Ocean.
A penny, or $450, for your troubles? That's the business of AirHelp: getting fliers money for airline woes.
From delays to cancellations to overbooked flights, more than 26 million people experience airline grievances every year. More than 8 million ...
Greece may be on the brink of striking a deal to avert short-term financial catastrophe, but with economic problems unlikely to go away, is now the time to start rethinking Greek travel plans?
Yanis Varoufakis, Greece's embattled finance minister, has resigned his post, saying the move could help Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras reach an agreement with creditors.
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YIELD: Makes 4 servings
Preheat broiler. For marinade, combine soy sauce, chili paste, scallion whites, red wine, garlic, ginger, and black pepper in a bowl. Add chicken and let marinate. Cook pasta in salted boiling water until al dente; drain. For dressing, whisk together mustard, vinegar, sesame oil, and 2 tbsp canola oil. Toss pasta, red pepper, watercress and all but 2 tbsp scallion greens with dressing. In a blender, puree mangoes, lime juice, and remaining 1 tbsp canola oil. Coat broiler pan with cooking spray and add chicken in a single layer. Broil 6 to 7 minutes per side, until browned and cooked through. Cut breasts diagonally in half. On each plate, place 1/4 pasta and 2 pieces chicken. Drizzle with mango puree and garnish with remaining scallion greens.
Nutritional analysis per serving: 552 calories, 16 g fat (1 g saturated fat); 66 g carbohydrates, 36 g protein, 70 mg cholesterol, 5 g fiber
Nutritional analysis provided by Self


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Exploring the little-known gems of Costa Rica's national parks and reserves leads me to the very tip of Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula, to Cabo Blanco.
The Cabo Blanco Park is the clearest example that forests can be regenerated if efforts toward conservation are pursued.This great park, extending for 1250 hectares in the outer tip of the Nicoya peninsula, was mainly composed of devastated lands by indiscriminate deforestation in the 1960's when the park was created. This small park is spectacularly picturesque with tropical forest, pure white-sand beaches, warm aquamarine sea, waterfalls and rivers .
The Cabo Blanco island is an incredible rookery for all sorts of marine birds. The island has the greatest colony of Brown Bobby birds in Central America, and also maintains the largest population of pelicans in the Nicoya Peninsula.The Cabo Blanco Park is a living example that existing ecosystems can be restored when there is the determination and will to let nature take its course.
What can you see in Cabo Blanco? About 140 different species of trees have been identified inside the park such as the "Pochote" , the "Guacimo" , and the "Indio Desnudo" but there are many trees present that are native to the whole Nicoya Peninsula area.Among the evergreens is worth mentioning the tall and impresive "Espavel" , the "Guacimo Colorado", and the beautiful "Cortez Amarillo"which bursts into a yellow spectacle of flowers during the dry months of March and April. Also you can see a huge quantity of animals such as white-faced monkeys,the Howler and the White-face monkeys,the White-nosed coati and the White-Tailed deer ,the Margay and the coyote .
While visiting Cabo Blanco, it is very important to follow park policies:
- Don't take anything out of the park (nature) or leave anything behind (trash).
- Keep to the trails.
- Don't disturb the animals or plant life.
- No hunting or fishing.
- No smoking! This is a dry forest and very susceptible to fires.
Where to stay when visiting Cabo Blanco? A great place is Hotel Tropico Latino at the amazingly beautiful Santa Teresa Beach, just up the coast a bit. Imagine your own private suite right on the beach. Hotel Tropico Latino won the Certificate of Excellence from Trip Advisor in May 2011.
Martha's House
A beautiful octagon-shaped,
two-story house surrounded
by lush tropical gardens only
2 min away from the beach.
Martha's House Mal Pais Santa Teresa
A beautiful octagon-shaped, two-story house surrounded by lush tropical
gardens only 2 min away from the beach.
Martha's House Mal Pais Santa Teresa
A beautiful octagon-shaped, two-story house surrounded by lush tropical
gardens only 2 min away from the beach.


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Press for Tudou
Former Bertelsmann executive Gary Wang, the CEO of Chinese online-video distribution platform Tudou.com, looks to his former employer for inspiration when he talks about the big dreams he has for his little company.
This week Tudou (http://www.tudou.com , China's leading online video website) partnered with VivaKi, digital media operations of the worldwide Publicis Groupe, to roll out a new online video advertising format "AdSelector" in the China market. Tudou is one of the first Internet media joining the pioneering live test and has seen positive feedback from users who were exposed to the new format.
When it comes to Internet and mobile application development, it is often said that the most popular model is called C2C, which stands for "copy to China." In simple terms, this boils down to copying a successful application in the west, such as YouTube (Chinese versions include Tudou, Youku and Ku6), Facebook (whose Chinese versions include Kaixin and Renren), Twitter, which has become a hit application for Sina.com in the form of Sina Weibo (which means mini-broadcast) and for copycats of Foursquare, the hit location-tagging site for mobile phones.
Tudou (http://www.tudou.com ) today announced it has closed a US$50 million Series E funding round.
Gary Wang, Tudou Founder and CEO said that the company is investing aggressively into expanding its main advertising supported web platform, and developing mobile/portable device video technology as key future growth drivers. Tudou also plans to integrate professional content with its "Orange Box" made-for-Internet original programming debuting the first Tudou drama series in fall 2010, as well as a large UGC (user generated content) archive of over 38 million videos. Tudou is transforming its website model into a fully operated media house.


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Jersey Shore
The Most Outrageous Jersey Shore Fashions of 2012 (PHOTOS)
It's a bittersweet year in the Jersey Shore world, with the final season coming to an end and the cast going off in different directions. But through our sobs, we're elated that we got to see the crazy outfits that the Seaside ladies rocked throughout the year. ;
Click through these photos for an eyeful of the outrageous cleavage, animal print, and bling that the reality TV stars sported throughout 2012.
Follow Alissa Kombert on Twitter @AyeKayArt.
For more on Jersey Shore, Follow us on Twitter and Like us on Facebook.


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Final Score: Philadelphia 4, Tampa Bay 1
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - Michael Leighton stopped 17 shots as the Philadelphia Flyers edged the Tampa Bay Lightning, 4-1, at Wachovia Center.
Blair Betts scored twice while Claude Giroux and Scott Hartnell each had a goal for the Flyers, who have won three straight. Simon Gagne had an assist to reach 500 points in his career.
"I don't think it was our best game of this little stretch," said Philadelphia's Chris Pronger. "There were moments when we were real lackadaisical, but we picked things up during the latter part of the second. The third period saw good chances and we were able to capitalize on some of them."
Martin St. Louis had the lone goal while Antero Niittymaki stopped 27-of-30 shots in the loss for the Lightning, who have dropped three of four.
"They outshot us pretty good," said Tampa Bay's Steven Stamkos. "They outplayed us for most of the game. I felt we were chasing the puck too much. Our goaltending have really stepped up for us, we have to find a way to reward them."
The Flyers got the only goal of the first period and they did so on the power play. Gagne cycled the puck down low to Mike Richards, who sent a pass from the low right boards to the inside right circle where Giroux one-timed it home at the 13:01 mark.
Leighton needed to stop just five shots in the first period to keep Tampa off the board.
Neither side lit the lamp in the middle stanza as Niittymaki turned aside eight shots while Leighton stopped seven at the other end to keep Tampa Bay scoreless.
Philly gave itself an insurance goal 3:36 into the third period. Pronger chipped the puck out of the Flyers end, and Danny Briere caught up to it in the neutral zone on a 2-on-1 break. Flying into the Tampa end, Briere chipped the puck over from the right circle to the front where Hartnell tapped it in.
The goal proved fortunate as Tampa Bay made it a one-score game with 6:55 to play in the game. Steve Downie had the puck along the right boards and it bounced out to Stamkos, who whacked it over to the left side where St. Louis slapped it home.
However, the Flyers got the goal back with a 4-on-4 tally. Braydon Coburn blasted a shot on net from the right circle that was blocked by a Tampa player in front. The rebound went back to the slot where Ian Laperriere's slapper was blocked by Niittymaki, but the rebound sat at the left side and Betts slid it home with 3:05 to play.
Betts sealed the win with an empty-net goal in the final moments of the game.
Game Notes
On Sunday, Tampa will resume its contest with New Jersey that was suspended on Friday due to a lighting failure at the Prudential Center. The game will resume with 9:12 to play in the second period with Tampa holding a 3-0 lead...Philly hosts Dallas on Tuesday...The Flyers have won four straight against Tampa Bay, including all three meetings this season.


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Berkshire Eagle photographer Stephanie Zollshan's tour of Berkshire County after Friday's snowstorm.
Welcome to your discussion forum: Click the login link below to sign in with or to set up a Disqus account or to access your social networking account. When you do, your comment should be posted immediately, provided it meets the guidelines. (What are the guidelines?.) Report abuse by flagging a comment (mouse over the comment). Comments made here are the sole responsibility of the person posting them; these comments do not reflect the opinion of The Berkshire Eagle. So keep it civil.
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Hot-air balloon hits tree, catches fire at Utah festival
PROVO, Utah (AP) — A witness says a pig-shaped hot-air balloon crashed into a tree and caught fire at a balloon festival in Utah, cutting the pilot's face. Full Story
'Cartel Land' shows good and bad of vigilantes in Mexico, US
MEXICO CITY (AP) — The documentary "Cartel Land" opens with chilling night scenes of large-scale methamphetamine cooking in rural Mexico. Full Story
(Columbia Pictures)
Are Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez getting back together?
'American Idol' judge and 'Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice' actor have reportedly been communicating.


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The OP is a very good seamstress. Several people on this thread are marvelling at the sewing meisters, so I thought I'd start an FYI Sewing Thread.
Just start with repairing things by hand. Learn to put your buttons back on, and fix the rips on the inside of work jackets. Then, look for a good machine, and do "sampler" projects. That's what the current blanket that I'm making is.
I bought 6 yards of fleece a few years back, that looked like a candy striped Hudson Bay Blanket. I put it away, then decided that using it as one layer wouldn't be warm enough. I divided it in 1/3's, then attached an old, twin bed sized blanket to it that wasn't ever long enough for a bed. EVERYBODY uses this blanket in the living room.
It often travels with us.
So...I made a 2nd one for my DD, except I put a middle layer of an old wool banket, again not being used, and not long enough to tuck into a bed. Here are the 3 layers I used for the 2nd blanket.
The third one has been a PITA!! I secured the wool to the old, cotton blanket, and ended up ripping out several seams. So, "I bit the bullet" and started hand basting.
THIS very old, virgin wool blanket was sitting in the barn, gathering loads of dust with several holes---NOBODY was using or loving it. Now, it will be loved and cherished.
It's turned into a 50 hour "labor of love" bc I decided to use bright, "jewel tone" thread, that you could see on eventually, on the outside of the blanket. I'll add some more pictures as I finish this. I've used every basting, and finishing and embroidery stitch on my Singer HD machine, and really gotten to know them all with this project. I'm using white thread to machine embroider, and I'm going over ALL of the hand basted stitiches on the outside blanket.


text: John Check wrote: >>>I believe the emu10k1's hardware synth is limited to 128MB. It would be >>>very useful if someone could trim that 141MB down to 128. # asfxload fluid.sf2 sfxload: no memory left But it mostly seems to work but I've never bothered to hunt down which instruments are not loaded. >>I'd really like to rearrange that soundfont and get rid of >>(to me) some crap... and perhaps try to improve some of the >>sounds with better samples... but every time I have tried >>to use smurf over the years it just dies on me. > > Smurf is working here. Let's see if we can get a consensus on "crap", > or a least see which way the wind is blowing. Start at 128 and work back up is what I would suggest. The only ones I could imagine ever using, perhaps, are .Reverse Cymbal .Synth Drum .Kalimba .FX 4 (atmosphere) but only if they were worthwhile decent samples to start with and that is unlikely. 097 FX 1 (rain) 105 Sitar 098 FX 2 (soundtrack) 106 Banjo 099 FX 3 (crystal) 107 Shamisen 100 FX 4 (atmosphere) 108 Koto 101 FX 5 (brightness) 109 Kalimba 102 FX 6 (goblins) 110 Bagpipe 103 FX 7 (echoes) 111 Fiddle 104 FX 8 (sci-fi) 112 Shanai PERCUSSIVE SOUND EFFECTS 113 Tinkle Bell 121 Guitar Fret Noise 114 Agogo 122 Breath Noise 115 Steel Drums 123 Seashore 116 Woodblock 124 Bird Tweet 117 Taiko Drum 125 Telephone Ring 118 Melodic Tom 126 Helicopter 119 Synth Drum 127 Applause 120 Reverse Cymbal 128 Gunshot Another issue is the licensing of the samples and the soundfont as a whole but just getting a <128Mb file would be a great start. >>Are there any other tools, especially CLI ones, that could >>pull apart a sf2 soundfont and put it back together ? Anyone ? --markc


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Asus UX32LA-R3065H
SpecificationsNotebook: Asus UX32LA-R3065H (UX32LA Series)
Processor: Intel Core i7 4500U
Graphics Adapter: Intel HD Graphics 4000
Display: 13.3 inch, 16:9, 1366x768 pixels, glossy: yes
Weight: 1.5kg
Price: euro
Average of 1 scores (from 1 reviews)
Reviews for the Asus UX32LA-R3065H
Source: 01Net FR→EN
Single Review, online available, Very Short, Date: 07/04/2014
Rating: Total score: 60%
The Asus Zenbook line is known for their slim and compact ultrabook build, an aluminium casing and their premium pricing. The UX32LA-R3065H comes with all these usual Zenbook elements. It comes with a 13.3-inch glossy display with 1366 x 768 resolution, which means it will be sharp but don't expect good viewing angles or have good clarity in the sun.
It is powered by an 4th-generation i7 Intel processor, 4 GB of RAM and an integrated Intel HD 4400 graphics card. The processor is good enough for any everyday tasks and the integrated GPU can play several games at low settings. The biggest drawback however is the 500 GB hard disk drive with 5400 rpm. An SSD would have definitely be preferable since it is a staple in the Zenbook series.
With most ultrabooks, the weight is comparable to other ultrabooks and is lighter than most notebooks. Weighing only at 1.5 kg, this is definitely good for those that are always on the move. Battery life is also pretty good, with about up to 8 hours of mixed use. When the battery goes down to 5%, the laptop will automatically back up your data.
Another great thing about this model is 3 USB 3.0 slots, which are compatible with USB 2.0 devices. This is an ultrabook for those looking at a solid performance, but it would have been better with an SSD.
Intel HD Graphics 4000: Processor graphics card in the high end Ivy Bridge models. Offers a different clock speed in the different CPU models (ULV to desktop quad core) and therefore a different performance.
Modern games should be playable with these graphics cards at low settings and resolutions. Casual gamers may be happy with these cards.
» Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Graphics Cards and the corresponding Benchmark List.
Intel Core i7: The Intel Core i7 for laptops is based on the LG1156 Core i5/i7 CPU for desktops. The base clock speed of the CPUs is relatively low, but because of a huge Turbo mode, the cores can dynamically overclock to up to 3.2 GHz (920XM). Therefore, the CPU can be as fast as high clocked dual-core CPUs (using single threaded applications) but still offer the advantage of 4 cores. Because of the large TDP of 45 W / 55 W, the CPU is only intended for large laptops.
Haswell-based ULV dual-core processor clocked at 1.8 GHz with Turbo Boost support up to 3.0 GHz. Offers an integrated HD Graphics 4400 and a dual-channel DDR3 memory controller.» Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Processsors.
13.3": This is a common display format for subnotebooks. Netbooks, UMPC and some subnotebooks have tinier displays. Nevertheless, the majority of standard laptops has a higher format. The advantage of a small display is, that the subnotebook can be small dimensioned and can be carried easily. Further the small display needs few energy, which improves the battery runtime and in consequence the mobility. The disadvantage is that the reading of texts is a bit exhausting for the eyes, especially with high resolutions.» To find out how fine a display is, see our DPI List.
1.5 kg: This sub-notebook weighs less than the average of all notebooks and represents a medium class of weight among the sub-notebooks. 11 inch displays are normal for this class of weight.
Asus: ASUSTeK Computer Incorporated, a Taiwanese multinational company, produces motherboards, graphics cards, optical drives, PDAs, computer monitors, notebook computers, servers, networking products, mobile phones, computer cases, computer components, and computer cooling systems. The company's 2007 revenues reached US$6.9 billion. ASUS also produces components for other manufacturers. The Eee PC initiated the netbook boom in 2008.
60%: Such a bad rating is rare. There exist hardly any notebooks, which are rated worse.
» Further information can be found in our Notebook Purchase Guide.


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Welcome to the dramatic world of e fedding! That musta been an awkward opening day for you with all that drama. It's there, no point denying it, but it rarely rears its ugly head. Anyways, looking forward to see what you can bring!
The Trinity
Black Ninja!
© 2011 eWrestlingNews, All Rights Reserved.


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- Schedule Appointments
- Check Appointment Dates
- Message Your Doctor
- View Test Results
- Refill a Prescription
- Pay Medical Bills
Sports Medicine: What types of injuries do you see? Presented By Dr. Glenn Axelrod.
St. Joseph's is sponsored by the Sisters of St. Francis.
Franciscan Companies is a member of the St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center System.


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Quentin Bell
6 of 6 portraits of Quentin Bell
Quentin Bell
by Tara Heinemann
resin print, 1981
9 in. x 6 in. (228 mm x 153 mm)
Purchased, 1984
Photographs Collection
NPG x22171
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Quentin Claudian Stephen Bell (1910-1996), Artist and writer; son of Clive and Vanessa Bell. Sitter in 6 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Tara Heinemann (1954-), Photographer. Artist of 43 portraits.


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We recently saw another furniture seller at our local Costco, doing a "road show" where they let members display their goods for sale. This particular seller had pieces VERY similar to ones we carry - they are Rustic Mexican in style....both have real, hand-hammered and hand-fired copper panels and iron rivets.....
However, their quality is inferior to our manufacturers' - ours uses dovetailed drawers and full-extension glides, finishes the interior of drawers and cabinets, etc. This other brand has low-quality wood drawers that are wood panels. "Rustic" furniture can get away with this to appear "authentic", but when you charge high prices.....you need to be able to show your value! Rustic drawers will pull/snag fabrics, are more prone to jamb (since they are not on smooth ball-bearing glides) and the stain/wax may leach into your clothing.....boo!
We aim to bring the highest quality furniture to Phoenix at the lowest cost! The best example I can give would be a bedroom set; I'll put their costs in bold on the left, and ours on the right:
King Bed $2299.99/$1249.00
Night Stand $399.99/$399.00 (OK not a HUGE difference here, but ours IS 2" longer and deeper!)
Dresser $1329.99/$999.00 (Oh - and ours is over 8" longer!)
Mirror $259.99/$179.00
TOTAL BEDROOM COST: $4,289.96/$2,826 from us! It's the last set on this page: Phoenix Bedroom Furniture
To order your own bedroom set or any other furniture, just e-mail us! No-nonsense, posted prices, and a family-owned local business!


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UPDATED to Version 1.5
After many promises and much work I now present to you the GOLDEN RULES of COMPOSITION CAMERA PROP v1.5.
-=> Important Note <=- This Archive contains two sub Zip files and must be Unzipped to a Temp Folder before you can install the version needed for your DS 4.5 setup. Please read the Golden_Rules_ReadMe_First.txt file and the Included PDF tutorial file before you install the Content. Included are Versions for a Default DS My Library and a Version for those using the DIM My DAZ 3D Library.
This is a Golden Rules Overlay Prop for ANY Camera you wish to use as your Render Camera in DS 4.5. It is easy to use and will help any artist set up their Images using several of the Golden Rules of Art. Included in the PDF are instructions to install to your content folder and a Brief Overview of some of the Golden Rules with examples. A Tutorial for the use of the Camera Prop is also included in the PDF.
This is Version 1.5 of this item. It now includes MetaData for Smart Content use and Updated Texture and Material Files.
It can be found here Golden Rules v1.5
If you have any issues or questions please post them to this thread.


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Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze (i.e. increase the rates of) chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell.
Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the activation energy (Ea or ΔG‡) for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable un-catalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze, nor do they alter the equilibrium of these reactions. However, enzymes do differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzymes are known to catalyze about 4,000 biochemical reactions. A few RNA molecules called ribozymes catalyze reactions, with an important example being some parts of the ribosome. Synthetic molecules called artificial enzymes also display enzyme-like catalysis.
Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules. Inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity; activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. Activity is also affected by temperature, chemical environment (e.g. pH), and the concentration of substrate. Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. In addition, some household products use enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions (e.g., enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein or fat stains on clothes; enzymes in meat tenderizers break down proteins, making the meat easier to chew).
As early as the late 1700s and early 1800s, the digestion of meat by stomach secretions and the conversion of starch to sugars by plant extracts and saliva were known. However, the mechanism by which this occurred had not been identified.
In the 19th century, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur came to the conclusion that this fermentation was catalyzed by a vital force contained within the yeast cells called "ferments", which were thought to function only within living organisms. He wrote that "alcoholic fermentation is an act correlated with the life and organization of the yeast cells, not with the death or putrefaction of the cells.
In 1878 German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837–1900) first used the term enzyme, which comes from Greek ἔνζυμον "in leaven", to describe this process. The word enzyme was used later to refer to nonliving substances such as pepsin, and the word ferment used to refer to chemical activity produced by living organisms.
In 1897 Eduard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts that lacked any living yeast cells to ferment sugar. In a series of experiments at the University of Berlin, he found that the sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeast cells in the mixture. He named the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose "zymase". In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation". Following Buchner's example; enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typically the suffix -ase is added to the name of the substrate (e.g., lactase is the enzyme that cleaves lactose) or the type of reaction (e.g., DNA polymerase forms DNA polymers).
Having shown that enzymes could function outside a living cell, the next step was to determine their biochemical nature. Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists (such as Nobel laureate Richard Willstätter) argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis. However, in 1926, James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a pure protein and crystallized it; Sumner did likewise for the enzyme catalase in 1937. The conclusion that pure proteins can be enzymes was definitively proved by Northrop and Stanley, who worked on the digestive enzymes pepsin (1930), trypsin and chymotrypsin. These three scientists were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
This discovery that enzymes could be crystallized eventually allowed their structures to be solved by x-ray crystallography. This was first done for lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites that digests the coating of some bacteria; the structure was solved by a group led by David Chilton Phillips and published in 1965. This high-resolution structure of lysozyme marked the beginning of the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail.
Enzymes are generally globular proteins and range from just 62 amino acid residues in size, for the monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, to over 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase. A small number of RNA-based biological catalysts exist, with the most common being the ribosome, these are either referred to as RNA-enzymes, or ribozymes. The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they act on, and only a small portion of the enzyme (around 3–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis. The region that contains these catalytic residues, binds the substrate, and then carries out the reaction is known as the active site. Enzymes can also contain sites that bind cofactors, which are needed for catalysis. Some enzymes also have binding sites for small molecules, which are often direct or indirect products or substrates of the reaction catalyzed. This binding can serve to increase or decrease the enzyme's activity, providing a means for feedback regulation.
Like all proteins, enzymes are made as long, linear chains of amino acids that fold to produce a three-dimensional product. Each unique amino acid sequence produces a specific structure, which has unique properties. Individual protein chains may sometimes group together to form a protein complex. Most enzymes can be denatured—that is, unfolded and inactivated—by heating or chemical denaturants, which disrupt the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Depending on the enzyme, denaturation may be reversible or irreversible.
Some of the enzymes showing the highest specificity and accuracy are involved in the copying and expression of the genome. These enzymes have "proof-reading" mechanisms. Here, an enzyme such as DNA polymerase catalyzes a reaction in a first step and then checks that the product is correct in a second step. This two-step process results in average error rates of less than 1 error in 100 million reactions in high-fidelity mammalian polymerases. Similar proofreading mechanisms are also found in RNA polymerase, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and ribosomes.
Some enzymes that produce secondary metabolites are described as promiscuous, as they can act on a relatively broad range of different substrates. It has been suggested that this broad substrate specificity is important for the evolution of new biosynthetic pathways.
In 1958 Daniel Koshland suggested a modification to the lock and key model: since enzymes are rather flexible structures, the active site is continually reshaped by interactions with the substrate as the substrate interacts with the enzyme. As a result, the substrate does not simply bind to a rigid active site, the amino acid side chains which make up the active site are moulded into the precise positions that enable the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. In some cases, such as glycosidases, the substrate molecule also changes shape slightly as it enters the active site. The active site continues to change until the substrate is completely bound, at which point the final shape and charge is determined.
Interestingly, this entropic effect involves destabilization of the ground state, and its contribution to catalysis is relatively small.
An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, and is shown in the ribbon diagram above with a zinc cofactor bound as part of its active site. These tightly-bound molecules are usually found in the active site and are involved in catalysis. For example, flavin and heme cofactors are often involved in redox reactions.
Enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound are called apoenzymes or apoproteins. An apoenzyme together with its cofactor(s) is called a holoenzyme (this is the active form). Most cofactors are not covalently attached to an enzyme, but are very tightly bound. However, organic prosthetic groups can be covalently bound (e.g., thiamine pyrophosphate in the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase). The term "holoenzyme" can also be applied to enzymes that contain multiple protein subunits, such as the DNA polymerases, here the holoenzyme is the complete complex containing all the subunits needed for activity.
Coenzymes are small organic molecules that transport chemical groups from one enzyme to another. Some of these chemicals such as riboflavin, thiamine and folic acid are vitamins, this is when these compounds cannot be made in the body and must be acquired from the diet. The chemical groups carried include the hydride ion (H-) carried by NAD or NADP+, the acetyl group carried by coenzyme A, formyl, methenyl or methyl groups carried by folic acid and the methyl group carried by S-adenosylmethionine.
Since coenzymes are chemically changed as a consequence of enzyme action, it is useful to consider coenzymes to be a special class of substrates, or second substrates, which are common to many different enzymes. For example, about 700 enzymes are known to use the coenzyme NADH.
Coenzymes are usually regenerated and their concentrations maintained at a steady level inside the cell: for example, NADPH is regenerated through the pentose phosphate pathway and S-adenosylmethionine by methionine adenosyltransferase.
As all catalysts, enzymes do not alter the position of the chemical equilibrium of the reaction. Usually, in the presence of an enzyme, the reaction runs in the same direction as it would without the enzyme, just more quickly. However, in the absence of the enzyme, other possible uncatalyzed, "spontaneous" reactions might lead to different products, because in those conditions this different product is formed faster.
Furthermore, enzymes can couple two or more reactions, so that a thermodynamically favorable reaction can be used to "drive" a thermodynamically unfavorable one. For example, the hydrolysis of ATP is often used to drive other chemical reactions.
Enzymes catalyze the forward and backward reactions equally. They do not alter the equilibrium itself, but only the speed at which it is reached. For example, carbonic anhydrase catalyzes its reaction in either direction depending on the concentration of its reactants.
Nevertheless, if the equilibrium is greatly displaced in one direction, that is, in a very exergonic reaction, the reaction is effectively irreversible. Under these conditions the enzyme will, in fact, only catalyze the reaction in the thermodynamically allowed direction.
Enzyme kinetics is the investigation of how enzymes bind substrates and turn them into products. The rate data used in kinetic analyses are obtained from enzyme assays.
In 1902 Victor Henri proposed a quantitative theory of enzyme kinetics, but his experimental data were not useful because the significance of the hydrogen ion concentration was not yet appreciated. After Peter Lauritz Sørensen had defined the logarithmic pH-scale and introduced the concept of buffering in 1909 the German chemist Leonor Michaelis and his Canadian postdoc Maud Leonora Menten repeated Henri's experiments and confirmed his equation which is referred to as Henri-Michaelis-Menten kinetics (sometimes also Michaelis-Menten kinetics). Their work was further developed by G. E. Briggs and J. B. S. Haldane, who derived kinetic equations that are still widely used today.
The major contribution of Henri was to think of enzyme reactions in two stages. In the first, the substrate binds reversibly to the enzyme, forming the enzyme-substrate complex. This is sometimes called the Michaelis complex. The enzyme then catalyzes the chemical step in the reaction and releases the product.
Enzymes can catalyze up to several million reactions per second. For example, the reaction catalyzed by orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase will consume half of its substrate in 78 million years if no enzyme is present. However, when the decarboxylase is added, the same process takes just 25 milliseconds. Enzyme rates depend on solution conditions and substrate concentration. Conditions that denature the protein abolish enzyme activity, such as high temperatures, extremes of pH or high salt concentrations, while raising substrate concentration tends to increase activity. To find the maximum speed of an enzymatic reaction, the substrate concentration is increased until a constant rate of product formation is seen. This is shown in the saturation curve on the right. Saturation happens because, as substrate concentration increases, more and more of the free enzyme is converted into the substrate-bound ES form. At the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the enzyme, all the enzyme active sites are bound to substrate, and the amount of ES complex is the same as the total amount of enzyme. However, Vmax is only one kinetic constant of enzymes. The amount of substrate needed to achieve a given rate of reaction is also important. This is given by the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), which is the substrate concentration required for an enzyme to reach one-half its maximum velocity. Each enzyme has a characteristic Km for a given substrate, and this can show how tight the binding of the substrate is to the enzyme. Another useful constant is kcat, which is the number of substrate molecules handled by one active site per second.
The efficiency of an enzyme can be expressed in terms of kcat/Km. This is also called the specificity constant and incorporates the rate constants for all steps in the reaction. Because the specificity constant reflects both affinity and catalytic ability, it is useful for comparing different enzymes against each other, or the same enzyme with different substrates. The theoretical maximum for the specificity constant is called the diffusion limit and is about 108 to 109 (M-1 s-1). At this point every collision of the enzyme with its substrate will result in catalysis, and the rate of product formation is not limited by the reaction rate but by the diffusion rate. Enzymes with this property are called catalytically perfect or kinetically perfect. Example of such enzymes are triose-phosphate isomerase, carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, fumarase, β-lactamase, and superoxide dismutase.
Michaelis-Menten kinetics relies on the law of mass action, which is derived from the assumptions of free diffusion and thermodynamically-driven random collision. However, many biochemical or cellular processes deviate significantly from these conditions, because of macromolecular crowding, phase-separation of the enzyme/substrate/product, or one or two-dimensional molecular movement. In these situations, a fractal Michaelis-Menten kinetics may be applied.
Some enzymes operate with kinetics which are faster than diffusion rates, which would seem to be impossible. Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain this phenomenon. Some proteins are believed to accelerate catalysis by drawing their substrate in and pre-orienting them by using dipolar electric fields. Other models invoke a quantum-mechanical tunneling explanation, whereby a proton or an electron can tunnel through activation barriers, although for proton tunneling this model remains somewhat controversial. Quantum tunneling for protons has been observed in tryptamine. This suggests that enzyme catalysis may be more accurately characterized as "through the barrier" rather than the traditional model, which requires substrates to go "over" a lowered energy barrier.
Enzyme reaction rates can be decreased by various types of enzyme inhibitors.Competitive inhibition
In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor and substrate compete for the enzyme (i.e., they can not bind at the same time). Often competitive inhibitors strongly resemble the real substrate of the enzyme. For example, methotrexate is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. The similarity between the structures of folic acid and this drug are shown in the figure to the right bottom. Note that binding of the inhibitor need not be to the substrate binding site (as frequently stated), if binding of the inhibitor changes the conformation of the enzyme to prevent substrate binding and vice versa. In competitive inhibition the maximal velocity of the reaction is not changed, but higher substrate concentrations are required to reach a given velocity, increasing the apparent Km.Uncompetitive inhibition
In uncompetitive inhibition the inhibitor can not bind to the free enzyme, but only to the ES-complex. The EIS-complex thus formed is enzymatically inactive. This type of inhibition is rare, but may occur in multimeric enzymes.Non-competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibitors can bind to the enzyme at the same time as the substrate, i.e. they never bind to the active site. Both the EI and EIS complexes are enzymatically inactive. Because the inhibitor can not be driven from the enzyme by higher substrate concentration (in contrast to competitive inhibition), the apparent Vmax changes. But because the substrate can still bind to the enzyme, the Km stays the same.Mixed inhibition
This type of inhibition resembles the non-competitive, except that the EIS-complex has residual enzymatic activity.
In many organisms inhibitors may act as part of a feedback mechanism. If an enzyme produces too much of one substance in the organism, that substance may act as an inhibitor for the enzyme at the beginning of the pathway that produces it, causing production of the substance to slow down or stop when there is sufficient amount. This is a form of negative feedback. Enzymes which are subject to this form of regulation are often multimeric and have allosteric binding sites for regulatory substances. Their substrate/velocity plots are not hyperbolar, but sigmoidal (S-shaped).
Irreversible inhibitors react with the enzyme and form a covalent adduct with the protein. The inactivation is irreversible. These compounds include eflornithine a drug used to treat the parasitic disease sleeping sickness. Penicillin and Aspirin also act in this manner. With these drugs, the compound is bound in the active site and the enzyme then converts the inhibitor into an activated form that reacts irreversibly with one or more amino acid residues.
An example of an inactivator being used as a drug is aspirin, which inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes that produce the inflammation messenger prostaglandin, thus suppressing pain and inflammation. The poison cyanide is an irreversible enzyme inactivator that combines with the copper and iron in the active site of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase and blocks cellular respiration.
An important function of enzymes is in the digestive systems of animals. Enzymes such as amylases and proteases break down large molecules (starch or proteins, respectively) into smaller ones, so they can be absorbed by the intestines. Starch molecules, for example, are too large to be absorbed from the intestine, but enzymes hydrolyse the starch chains into smaller molecules such as maltose and eventually glucose, which can then be absorbed. Different enzymes digest different food substances. In ruminants which have a herbivorous diets, microorganisms in the gut produce another enzyme, cellulase to break down the cellulose cell walls of plant fiber.
Several enzymes can work together in a specific order, creating metabolic pathways. In a metabolic pathway, one enzyme takes the product of another enzyme as a substrate. After the catalytic reaction, the product is then passed on to another enzyme. Sometimes more than one enzyme can catalyze the same reaction in parallel, this can allow more complex regulation: with for example a low constant activity being provided by one enzyme but an inducible high activity from a second enzyme.
Enzymes determine what steps occur in these pathways. Without enzymes, metabolism would neither progress through the same steps, nor be fast enough to serve the needs of the cell. Indeed, a metabolic pathway such as glycolysis could not exist independently of enzymes. Glucose, for example, can react directly with ATP to become phosphorylated at one or more of its carbons. In the absence of enzymes, this occurs so slowly as to be insignificant. However, if hexokinase is added, these slow reactions continue to take place except that phosphorylation at carbon 6 occurs so rapidly that if the mixture is tested a short time later, glucose-6-phosphate is found to be the only significant product. Consequently, the network of metabolic pathways within each cell depends on the set of functional enzymes that are present.
Since the tight control of enzyme activity is essential for homeostasis, any malfunction (mutation, overproduction, underproduction or deletion) of a single critical enzyme can lead to a genetic disease. The importance of enzymes is shown by the fact that a lethal illness can be caused by the malfunction of just one type of enzyme out of the thousands of types present in our bodies.
One example is the most common type of phenylketonuria. A mutation of a single amino acid in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of phenylalanine, results in build-up of phenylalanine and related products. This can lead to mental retardation if the disease is untreated.
Another example is when germline mutations in genes coding for DNA repair enzymes cause hereditary cancer syndromes such as xeroderma pigmentosum. Defects in these enzymes cause cancer since the body is less able to repair mutations in the genome. This causes a slow accumulation of mutations and results in the development of many types of cancer in the sufferer.
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have developed a nomenclature for enzymes, the EC numbers; each enzyme is described by a sequence of four numbers preceded by "EC". The first number broadly classifies the enzyme based on its mechanism:
The top-level classification is
The complete nomenclature can be browsed at http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/.
|Enzymes used
|Food processing
|Amylases from fungi and plants.
|Production of sugars from starch, such as in making high-fructose corn syrup. In baking, catalyze breakdown of starch in the flour to sugar. Yeast fermentation of sugar produces the carbon dioxide that raises the dough.
|Biscuit manufacturers use them to lower the protein level of flour.
|Baby foods
|To predigest baby foods.
|Brewing industry
|Enzymes from barley are released during the mashing stage of beer production.
|They degrade starch and proteins to produce simple sugar, amino acids and peptides that are used by yeast for fermentation.
|Industrially produced barley enzymes
|Widely used in the brewing process to substitute for the natural enzymes found in barley.
|Amylase, glucanases, proteases
|Split polysaccharides and proteins in the malt.
|Betaglucanases and arabinoxylanases
|Improve the wort and beer filtration characteristics.
|Amyloglucosidase and pullulanases
|Low-calorie beer and adjustment of fermentability.
|Remove cloudiness produced during storage of beers.
|Acetolactatedecarboxylase (ALDC)
|Increases fermentation efficiency by reducing diacetyl formation.
|Fruit juices
|Cellulases, pectinases
|Clarify fruit juices
|Dairy industry
|Rennin, derived from the stomachs of young ruminant animals (like calves and lambs).
|Manufacture of cheese, used to hydrolyze protein.
|Microbially produced enzyme
|Now finding increasing use in the dairy industry.
|Is implemented during the production of Roquefort cheese to enhance the ripening of the blue-mould cheese.
|Break down lactose to glucose and galactose.
|Meat tenderizers
|To soften meat for cooking.
|Starch industry
|Amylases, amyloglucosideases and glucoamylases
|Converts starch into glucose and various syrups.
|Glucose isomerase
|Converts glucose into fructose in production of high fructose syrups from starchy materials. These syrups have enhanced sweetening properties and lower calorific values than sucrose for the same level of sweetness.
|Paper industry
|Amylases, Xylanases, Cellulases and ligninases
|Degrade starch to lower viscosity, aiding sizing and coating paper. Xylanases reduce bleach required for decolorising; cellulases smooth fibers, enhance water drainage, and promote ink removal; lipases reduce pitch and lignin-degrading enzymes remove lignin to soften paper.
|Biofuel industry
|Used to break down cellulose into sugars that can be fermented (see cellulosic ethanol).
|Use of lignin waste
|Biological detergent
|Primarily proteases, produced in an extracellular form from bacteria
|Used for presoak conditions and direct liquid applications helping with removal of protein stains from clothes.
|Detergents for machine dish washing to remove resistant starch residues.
|Used to assist in the removal of fatty and oily stains.
|Used in biological fabric conditioners.
|Contact lens cleaners
|To remove proteins on contact lens to prevent infections.
|Rubber industry
|To generate oxygen from peroxide to convert latex into foam rubber.
|Photographic industry
|Protease (ficin)
|Dissolve gelatin off scrap film, allowing recovery of its silver content.
|Molecular biology
|Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase and polymerases
|Used to manipulate DNA in genetic engineering, important in pharmacology, agriculture and medicine. Essential for restriction digestion and the polymerase chain reaction. Molecular biology is also important in forensic science.
Etymology and history
Enzyme structure and mechanism
Kinetics and inhibition
Function and control of enzymes in the cell
Enzyme-naming conventions
Industrial applications


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The Illinois College of Optometry takes seriously its responsibilities in administering student financial assistance. ICO strives to make the financial aid process transparent and fair to students and is committed to avoiding potential conflicts of interest with lenders. ICO complies with the requirements of Title IV of the federal Higher Education Act governing student financial assistance.
This Code of Conduct summarizes and describes the standards that ICO and its officers, agents, and employees must follow in their relationships with entities that make or guarantee loans to students, parents or others for the purposes of financing students' higher education expenses (lenders).
ICO does not receive anything of value from a lender in exchange for providing the lender with advantages in marketing, offering, or making loans to ICO students or prospective students. Among the practices in which ICO does not engage are the following:
- Engaging in revenue sharing, meaning any arrangement under which a lender pays a fee or provides other material benefits to the institution in exchange for the institution recommending the lender's loan products.
- Receiving computer hardware at below-market prices from a lender.
- Receiving printing costs and services from a lender.
- At ICO, borrowers alone have the power to choose lenders and will receive timely loan certification regardless of the lender selected. ICO does not steer borrowers to particular lenders or delay loan certifications. Specifically, ICO does not:
-Assign any first-time borrower's loan to a particular lender.
-Refuse to certify or delay the certification of any loan based on the borrower's selection of a particular lender or guaranty agency.
-Direct potential borrowers to any electronic Master Promissory Notes or other loan agreements that do not allow students to enter or select the lender code name for any lender offering the relevant loan through the relevant guaranty agency or electronic application service.
- ICO does not request or accept from lenders any offer of funds for private loans in exchange for providing concessions or promises to the lender for a specific number of Title IV loans made, insured, or guaranteed, or a specified loan volume, or a preferred lender arrangement. This prohibition covers "opportunity loans" and "opportunity pool loans."
- ICO does not request or accept call center staffing or financial aid office staffing from lenders. ICO does not utilize a preferred lender list and will not recommend any lender.
- Officers and employees who work in ICO financial aid offices or who otherwise have responsibilities related to educational loans may not:
-Solicit or accept gifts, trips or lodging of more than nominal value from lenders, guaranty agencies, or loan servicers.
-Enter into a contract or employment arrangement or otherwise accept compensation or financial benefits for consulting or other services relating to educational loans provided to or on behalf of a lender.
-Receive anything of value for service on the advisory board, commission, or other group established by a lender.
ICO will inform all officers, employees, and agents with responsibility for such loans of the code provisions on an annual basis. Violations of the code may result in discipline under applicable college policies and procedures, up to and including termination.


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Enchantée, Chantilly!Paris, Spring 2012
Greetings! At the very end of March, I was lucky enough (well, enthusiastic enough to wake up at 6 to make an 8am bus) to go to Chantilly with IES! The whole trip was great, even though I was pretty sleepy and the weather was cloudy. We got to see a really incredible art collection that rivals some of the best in the world, as well as a fun little horse show and the extensive grounds. Plus, we had one of the best meals of my semester inside of the chateau… I'm still thinking about that dessert… Go out there if you have the chance. It's not just the home of whipped cream, it's also a beautiful day trip less than an hour north Paris!
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Tag Archives: BCS Standings
Florida/Georgia Midweek Preview
By Kyle Benzion on October 24th, 2012
The Florida Gators football team is off to a hot start few people expected sitting at 7-0 on the season. The Gators are just one win away from clinching a spot in the Southeastern Conference championship game in Atlanta. However, … Continue reading


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Steadfast Knight: A Life of Sir Hal Colebatch (Paperback)
Learn more about Steadfast Knight: A Life of Sir Hal Colebatch:
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Fremantle Arts Centre Press
Sku: 39984411
Publish Date: 4/30/2005
Dimensions: (in Inches) 9H x 6L x 0.75T
Pages: 320
See more in Political
|Steadfast Knight is a biography of Sir Hal Colebatch. Having left school at the age of eleven, Hal Colebatch began his working life as a junior reporter in early 1890s Adelaide. He reported the gold rush from the Coolgardie mines and was a respected journalist in Perth before becoming Premier of Western Australia. Throughout his life Colebatch survived an assassination attempt, was a federal senator, became Agent-General in London and met some of the twentieth centurys most famous international figures including Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Herbert Hoover, Mussolini and Helen Keller. Written by Colebatchs son, Steadfast Knight is an entertaining, lively appreciation of a colorful and influential political figure.


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Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Princesses Welcome For Tea Day At Ushers Ferry Historic Village
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa - It was a day for fairy tales at Ushers Ferry Historic Village in Cedar Rapids. The Cedar Rapids Parks and Rec Department held a Princess Tea day and all young ladies were welcome to attend. They enjoyed high tea and crème puffs while listening to fairy tale full of bravery and dragons. Attendees also got to make their own pretty princess crowns to wear the rest of the day .
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EZ Tech Group, Inc.
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Summer is wedding season, which makes this week's Win It: Heather Kintner perfect timing. Heather is giving away a set of bachelorette invitations and thank you notes from her Unmentionables line to one lucky reader! The delicates and undergarments that adorn each piece are fun and flirty and will definitely set the tone for an evening to remember.
How to Win:
1. Tell me what your perfect bachelorette party would be like or if it's already happened what it was like. Sweet or raunchy? Day time get together or evening on the town? The more details the better.
2. Leave a valid email address. (Unfortunately, those who do not will be automatically disqualified.)
3. Do it all before Monday, June 29th at noon CST.
A winner will be chosen shortly after the contest closes. Good luck, ladies!
I am getting married in January and although I don't know all the details of the party my friends are throwing I do know a few and I am so super excited to go.
We are stealing off to Vegas for the weekend a huge sleepover in a hotel room with 10 girls. We are going to lounge by the pool, go to the spa, eat some awesome food, shop, gamble and probably hit up Thunder from Down Under just a fun weekend with my nearest and dearest friends!
06-22-09 » 6:51 pm »
I would go backpacking over a weekend with only girls. Of course the yummy cocktails would make the trek too! Nothing would be better than to spend time with my best friends in the mountains near an apline lake sipping a delicious martini. Of course, I would love to do that with my husband-to-be too, but girls only adventures are a must!
06-22-09 » 7:25 pm »
Eee! I love this giveaway. I'm getting married next June and I've been thinking a lot about this very topic. We're having a super-small wedding, so we only have two attendants apiece, though our other close friends will be present for the wedding. Neither of us are very raucous, though we definitely like to have fun, so we have been talking about renting a cabin in the woods and doing a JOINT bachelorette / bachelor party. We will invite a group of friends to come stay for a long weekend of good cooking, hikes, and fishing. We'd wake up early to big breakfasts and coffee on the porch, and we'd spend the whole day outside, swimming, reading, whatever, and then we'd all come back to make dinner together. We'd spend the night talking over wine and beer. I think it's a perfect way to re-affirm our wonderful friendships and still maintain the spirit of partnership that our wedding is about.
email: hemingwayscat {at} gmail {dot} com
06-22-09 » 10:51 pm »
Holley Simmons
My boyfriend JUST proposed last Sunday, so although the idea of a bachelorette party seems far away, I have a few ideas
We'd all start at a casual bar noshing on appetizers and drinking some nice beers. There will be NO phallic memorabilia (that includes drinking straws, necklaces, rings, etc.). Later we'd head to a pool hall or a bar with a bunch of games to have some fun!
At the end of the night, I'd love to meet up with the boys after their bachelor party so we can enjoy the night together!
06-23-09 » 2:59 pm »
Sorry Kelly- I thought my name linked to my e-mail address (and apparently it doesn't)… I removed it so I hope this doesn't effect anyone else.
I've recently been thinking (and not b/c of The Hangover though it was quite hilarious) that I would like to do my Bachelorette party in Vegas! I'm a huge fan of fine culinary cuisine and the shows are amazing!!!
06-23-09 » 3:30 pm »
judith g.
Well, I'm SOOOOO far away from getting married myself, but my best friend from forever IS getting married next July. I am going to be throwing her shower/bachelorette party weekend. She has oh so many friends from out of town, and from different facets of her life that are all going to be together in one place for the first time… that being said, I want her to have the most comfortable, enjoyable, classy, unique and memorable time EVER! We will start with a tea and brunch shower on Saturday morning, and for the evening I plan on renting a private room at Iron Chef Michael Symons first restaurant (I am lucky enough to live in Cleveland where his food is king). There we will all be able to get to know one another, eat delicious food, drink fancy cocktails and honor our friend!
06-23-09 » 4:36 pm »
I recently saw an ad for a girl's weekend at a nearby Bed and Breakfast. I thought this would be so relaxing… wine, facials, massage, great conversations, and homemade breakfasts.
06-25-09 » 9:08 pm »
I'm getting married in October 2010, so I haven't thought much about the bachelorette party yet. Basically I want a low key evening with all my best friends. We'll get all dressed up and have a nice dinner, and then head out to one of our favorite bars where we'll play lots of songs on the juke box and dance. Perfect.
KatieJaneParker [at] gmail.com
06-29-09 » 2:24 am »
My younger sister is getting married next summer and these invites would be so much fun! My other sister and I are co-MOH and have already been scheming and planning. Since there will be a wide range of ages we are planning to do something were everyone gets to be involved. I love to cook for people I love so a lantern lit dinner party in my backyard with lots of food and wine involved. And the-bride-to be has insisted that we have none of the 'suck for a buck' suckers or straws or anything of the sort. Instead just a night of fun…maybe a fortune teller…henna tattoos…so many ideas and only one party!
But at the end of the night the plan is to meet up with the boys over the fire pit and tell of the adventures of their 'last night of freedom'.
06-29-09 » 4:19 pm »


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Various servers were down this morning as the result of denial of service attacks. I'm not quite sure what these people are doing but it seems to involve UDP packets as only the servers that have UDP traffic allowed seem to be vulnerable. These attacks started back when we upgraded the BBS to newer software that prevented spammers from trashing the BBS; and it seems that every time we put some new mechanism in place to reduce spam, we get another round. Recently, we've been hit usually 4am-5am in the morning from servers in China. I've been trying to catch one of these attacks live so I can log the data and see exactly what they're doing. This morning I stayed up and worked on things until just before 6am and then went to bed, about an hour later the DoS attacks started and succeeded in bringing down the web server, shell server, and wedging a couple of mail servers. The shell server rebooted and recovered on it's own. I had turned the bell on the phone up before I went to bed so I thought I would hear if someone called, but the battery that keeps it's settings exhausted during the last power outage so it is not saving it's settings and I didn't hear calls. Thanks to Joe Spitz for letting me know something was amiss. I am working on some things to resolve this; I have discovered there is a vulnerability in the Linux kernel version we are using to a certain type of UDP exploit; there was a patch but when I applied it it broke other things. It is theoretically fixed in a newer version but that requires a complete re-install because of library compatibility issues. I am exploring some other Linux releases, particularly Aurora, so that we can get on to a modern kernel. Other than that, I'm trying to log this data to find out exactly what they're sending and if it's something we can block but I haven't been able to catch an attack live and can't just leave logging on because the volume is such that it generates hundreds of megabytes a minute and it's very CPU intensive on the router making the router itself vulnerable to attack when detailed logging is on. -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- Eskimo North Linux Friendly Internet Access, Shell Accounts, and Hosting. Knowledgable human assistance, not telephone trees or script readers. See our web site: http://www.eskimo.com/ (206) 812-0051 or (800) 246-6874.
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text:
Charlotte Observer Dec. 11, 2005
McDowell Creek section to get facelift
Tributary feeds into Mountain Island Lake water-supply reservoir
by BRUCE HENDERSON
HUNTERSVILLE - Plans are under way to restore a section of McDowell
Creek, which feeds a key water-supply reservoir, to its natural beauty.
The public will gain a front-row view from greenway segments that will
be built at the same time. Together, the restoration and greenway are
expected to cost about $3 million.
Rainwater charging off roofs, streets and parking lots has turned the
creek into a deep channel with steep, eroding banks. Sediment washing
downstream has choked out many of its fish and other aquatic creatures,
landing the stream on the N.C. list of impaired waterways.
The McDowell watershed, which is mostly within Huntersville's planning
jurisdiction, is one of the fastest-growing parts of Mecklenburg County.
The creek flows into Mountain Island Lake, the water supply for 800,000
people in Mecklenburg and Gaston counties.
Rehab work will focus on a 1 1/2-mile reach of the upper creek between
Westmoreland and Sam Furr roads. It's part of a county plan to restore
the McDowell watershed.
Much of the work will be aimed at stopping high water from nibbling away
at the top of the bank, said David Caldwell, a Mecklenburg water-quality
Banks will be rebuilt at a shallower angle, allowing water to spread out
and soak into the floodplain. In some cases, engineers have actually
raised the elevation of the streambed itself to create shallower banks.
Some meanders may also be built into the straight stream channel to slow
the flow of water. Trees and other vegetation will be planted to
stabilize the rebuilt stream banks.
The design and construction work will begin next year and is expected to
take about two years.
The state Ecosystem Enhancement Program, which restores streams and
wetlands to make up for road-construction damage, is expected to pay for
most of the $2 million stream restoration. The agreement hasn't been
formally approved.
The stream restoration dovetails with separate plans by the county parks
department to build a greenway along the same stretch of creek.
"Everything really fell in together real nicely," Caldwell said.
The greenway will be built on the west side of McDowell as the stream is
being restored. A trailhead will go at the Birkdale entrance on Sam
Furr, said greenway planner Jason Pauling, and several other entry
points will be added between there and Westmoreland Road.
At the same time, the department will build a 2.3-mile greenway from
Gilead Road to Beatties Ford Road. The county's 1999 greenway master
plan shows trails eventually running the nearly 10-mile length of McDowell.
The estimated $600,000 to $800,000 cost of the Sam Furr-to-Westmoreland
section will be paid by state grants and the county's 2004 park bonds.
The approximately $1.5 million for the Gilead-to-Beatties Ford section
will come from the park bonds.


text:
Sabres Edge
By Mike Harrington » Monday, July 6, 2015
Pretty easy to forget the Sabres have the last two No. 2 overall picks at development camp this week. With so much attention bestowed on Jack Eichel, Sam Reinhart can pretty much go about his... Read More
Monday, July 6, 2015
Follow our team's periodic updates from the opening day of the Buffalo Sabres' summer development camp at First Niagara Center. Here's a guide of what to watch from Mike Harrington Here's the... Read More
By Mike Harrington » Friday, July 3, 2015
Aside from Jack Eichel's uniform number, which is still to be decided, the most common inquiry we're getting lately is for details on the development camp schedule. Sort of like Ryan O'Reilly's... Read More
More moves flying in: Sabres sign O'Reilly's brother and vet D Colaiacovo, Amerks sign Eichel teammate Hohmann
By Mike Harrington » Friday, July 3, 2015
The Sabres' announcement of Ryan O'Reilly's seven-year, $52.5-million contract extension opened a flood of news from the team and the Rochester Amerks. Here's a quick rundown: ---The Sabres... Read More
By Mike Harrington » Friday, July 3, 2015
As reported by John Vogl earlier today, the Sabres have officially announced a seven-year contract extension for newly acquired center Ryan O'Reilly. And as most people figured when the trade with... Read More
By Mike Harrington » Friday, July 3, 2015
Getting rookies under contract isn't much of an issue in the NHL. The CBA lays out their maximums and the top guys know that's what they can expect. Still, there's always questions about when the... Read More


text:
New Challenges to Democratization
Edited by Peter Burnell, Richard Youngs
Routledge – 2010 – 236 pages
Series: Democratization Studies
Routledge – 2010 – 236 pages
Series: Democratization Studies
This important text explores the widespread contention that new challenges and obstacles have arisen to democratization, assessing the claim that support for democratization around the world is facing a serious challenge.
Bringing together leading international scholars of democratization, including Thomas Carothers, Michael McFaul, Laurence Whitehead, Bassma Kodmani, Nancy Bermeo, Marina Ottaway, Shaun Breslin and,Renske Doorenspleet, this book examines the issues relating to developments within non-democratic states and issues related to the democratic world and its efforts to support the spread of democracy. Featuring in-depth studies on the limits of US democracy promotion, the Middle East, Russia, China and new democracies, the book sheds light on such questions as:
New Challenges to Democratization brings together a variety of academics and writers from major think-tanks in the United States and Europe, and makes the book ideally suited to a wide international readership. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of democratization, comparative politics and international politics.
1. New Challenges to Democratization Peter Burnell 2. State Sovereignty and Democracy: An Awkward Coupling Laurence Whitehead 3. Ideological Challenges to Democracy: Do they Exist? Marina Ottaway 4. The Continuing Backlash against Democracy Promotion Thomas Carothers 5. Democracy Assistance and the Search for Security Nancy Bermeo 6. Public Support versus Dissatisfaction in New Democracies: An Inside Challenge? Renske Doorenspleet 7. External Sources and Consequences of Russia's 'Sovereign Democracy Michael Mcfaul and Regine A Spector 8. Democratizing One-Party Rule in China Shaun Breslin 9. Democratization by Whom? Resistance to Democracy Promotion in the Middle East Bassma Kodmani 10. Energy: A Reinforced Obstacle to Democratization? Richard Youngs 11. Addressing Democracy's Challenges Peter Burnell and Richard Youngs
Peter Burnell is Professor of Politics at the University of Warwick, UK, and was also founding Editor of the international journal Democratization.
Richard Youngs is Associate Professor at the University of Warwick, and Director of the Democratization programme at FRIDE in Madrid, Spain.
Name: New Challenges to Democratization (Paperback) – Routledge
Description: Edited by Peter Burnell, Richard Youngs. This important text explores the widespread contention that new challenges and obstacles have arisen to democratization, assessing the claim that support for democratization around the world is facing a serious challenge. Bringing together leading...
Categories: Politics & International Relations, Development Studies, Politics & Development, Asian Studies, Central Asian, Russian & Eastern European Studies, Middle East Studies, Middle East Politics, Asian Politics, Comparative Politics, European Politics, Government, International Politics, Political Philosophy, Political Theory, Democracy


text:
Guilford, CT: Artist Brendan Loughlin
Autumn 2007. Brendan is 66. His hair is white, his trousers are still tattered, covered in paint; he's as buoyant as a golden retriever. Around him on this patch of parking lot, beside a popular café called Tastebuds, a clutch of people have gathered, as they do most days, men and women of all ages, to paint under Brendan's coaxing eye. Everyone, it seems, wants to paint with Brendan. "I never had an art lesson," he says with amazement today, "and here I am teaching people, some with four years of art school."
He's convinced he has created a new art form the world will embrace, if only the world knew about it. He calls it Pastac, a blend of pastels and shellac, and now he has learned that by adding the tints used by commercial painters he can create exotic, rich, compelling colors. He says it's his mission now to bring it to others. "There's such an elitism and fear about painting," Brendan says. "People say, 'I can't paint.' My goal is to show people they can. There's no other form of painting like this. One day we'll see painters everywhere using acrylic, oil, pastel, and Pastac. I know it will happen." He starts his mission here, in Guilford, and in nearby towns, a few painters at a time.
One of his students looks up from her painting. "The whole thing he preaches to us," she says, "is 'Never worry. Paint without fear. You can fix it.' This is amazing. You feel you're doing something wonderful with Brendan." Brendan gushes about a recent class: "This woman, she was on fire. How she worked the brush! She couldn't believe it, and when her husband came, he couldn't believe it. Yesterday may have changed that girl's life! Pastac is the only painting method I know where you can't make a mistake. It takes away fear of failure."
Brendan is in his apartment at the south edge of the green. Canvases, some complete, others in progress, poke out from everywhere. He allows himself just a few square feet of kitchen space; everything else is for painting. I haven't held a brush for nearly half a century, yet here I am. Brendan gives me a jar of B-I-N. He hands me pastels and small tubes of tints. I abhor my first tentative attempt. I'm self-conscious. I paint over it with the white B-I-N, and my crude strokes vanish. I start again. This, I see, is Brendan's finest gift to Guilford. So many people who own his paintings, who study with him, knew him when he lived on sardines from the food bank, when he curled up in his daughter's car on frosty nights, when he was everyone's eccentric local artist. He shows them every day that you can make your life a breathing canvas, and sometimes if the will is strong, you can wake up one day, paint a sunflower bursting with hope, and start over.
Many Guilford-area galleries show Brendan Loughlin's work. His studio at 79 Whitfield Street is usually open, as well. "Just come in and holler," he says. This winter, Pastac will reach a national audience: Pastac kits will be marketed by Sheffield Bronze (sheffieldbronze.com), and T.J. Maxx stores nationwide will feature a limited collection of Brendan's art through January 2008.
See a video clip of Brendan Loughlin demonstrating his pastac technique.


text:
|[Shoes] Doc Martens [Socks] Ralph Lauren [Dungaree] Polo Jeans RL [Shirt] Vietnam [Glasses] Market
|[Location] Bricklane [Photo Credits to Juliana]
The complimentary basis of just two colours of burgundy and white were used as an influence to create today's summer outfit. The detailing of the printed letters descending from the collar downwards, acts as a gradient that connects with the dungaree shorts. Using the basis of the dungarees and styling it as shorts, is as seen with the folded layer. Just when I thought I would never purchase a pair of doc martens and follow the trend, they surprisingly were comfortable, I managed to get these second hand at a charity store for £10.


text:
As Frank Sargeson's protégé, Maurice Duggan was one of a group of exponents of the master's style termed the "Sons of Sargeson". These included fellow Provincial realists A. P. Gaskell, O. E. Middleton and John Reece Cole. Although the critical response to Duggan's work has been limited in quantity, it has been diverse in quality. It focuses on a fundamental division in Duggan's stylistic practice, which itself lies at the heart of an ongoing argument about realism in New Zealand fiction. Some see Duggan extending the Provincial, secular realist story exemplified by Sargeson; others identify his prose as firmly developing the Mansfield tradition of symbolic, experimental impressionism. There i…
Please log in to consult the article in its entirety. If you are not a subscriber, please click here to read about membership. All our articles have been written recently by experts in their field, more than 95% of them university professors.
Gwynne, Joel. "Maurice Duggan". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 29 September 2006
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1343, accessed 03 July 2015.]


text:
Chocolate Moose Hand Decorated Iced Sugar Cookies - 1 Dozen
Product Info
Hand decorated chocolate moose sugar cookies.
I brought these to a party and told them I was bringing "Chocolate Moose"....the surprises on their faces made me crack up. Then again, I might just be laughing at my own joke.
These cookies are made of my rich chocolate shortbread and taste as yummy as they look.
Bring these to your favorite Canadian or just let them know your bringing "Chocolate Moose".


text:
Sept. 2 (Bloomberg) -- In today's "Movers & Shakers," Bloomberg's Betty Liu reports on how JPMorgan's Jamie Dimon is pledging billions of dollars towards cyber security and compliance. She speaks on Bloomberg Television's "In The Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)
Sign up to receive Upstart Business Journal's free daily email newsletter, weekend edition and breaking news alerts.


text:
Situated in Boughton in Chester, Cartridge World Chester is ideally situated for your convenience. With ample free customer parking, it is easy and straight forward for you to drop in for all your print requirements.
As a part of the global Cartridge World group, Cartridge World Chester is able to provide you with refills for your printer using globally sourced inks which have been scientifically matched to the manufacturer's originals. In some cases we may even use the same ink as the original manufacturer.


text:
Regional Airport Spending, Remodeling Questioned
Posted: December 16, 2012 at 2:51 a.m.
I'm a business traveler who usually votes for anything to improve airport facilities. But the $2.7 million proposed budget for a new rental car wash facility at Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport and $300,000 in restroom renovations seems a bit excessive to this road warrior. Who will design this car wash, Moshe Safdie? And the men's room just past XNA security has been adequate and uncrowded in my experience. My only suggestion would be to clean it more often.
This story is only available from our archives.
Opinion, Pages 12 on 12/16/2012
« Previous Story
Wrestling With Republican Bears
Very few politicians would have shown up for the grilling I watched Rep. Davy Carter, R-Cabot, stay through Thursday afternoon. Read »
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City Leaders Embrace, Hide From Public
As much as we hear annual July 4th admiration for the nation's founding of government of the people, by the people and for the people, frequent examples locally and around ... Read »
I know people that drive down to little rock from northwest Arkansas for cheaper flights to Chicago or new York city.xna airport is loosing a lot of money with the expensive flight prices compared to other places that are an hour and half to less than 3 hours away that are a lot cheaper even after including spending money on gas to drive 2 and half hours to the airport and back home.
January 18, 2013 at 2:37 p.m. ( permalink | suggest removal )
Tulsa is the place for me. Save an average of 700 dollars per flight. Know what they say about a fool and his money?
January 18, 2013 at 4:40 p.m. ( permalink | suggest removal )


text: The World Cup fate of San Jose's Steven Beitashour will be learned Sunday when coach Carlos Queiroz announces his 23-player roster for Iran. Team Melli is training in Austria, where it played Angola to a 1-1 draw Friday. Beitashour, a San Jose-Leland High alum who starred with the Earthquakes, played in the friendly. The Vancouver Whitecap defender is expected to make the team, according to TeamMelli.com. Iran opens the World Cup on June 16 against Nigeria in Group F.


text:
The DOJ has released a number of previously suppressed OLC memos today, including one dated October 6, 2008, in which Steven Bradbury calls prior DOJ/OLC/WH and other governmental counsel rationale into serious question.
In fact, it reads like a thinly veiled, but ever-so-politely worded, call of "bullshit."
It's laugh out loud funny. Or would be if it weren't for the fact that it took more than 7 years to issue it — during which time the government was still operating under the craptastic legal assumptions, one presumes.
Why was this kept hidden?
One would guess because the Bush WH refused to declassify the memos on which this legal bullshit calling was based. But I smell a hefty dose of CYA with a side of keeping Cheney's and Addington's ginormous egos in check from the Mukasey crew.
Bradbury doesn't pull punches, either. In a document entitled "Memorandum for the Files re: October 23, 2001 OLC Opinion Addressing the Domestic Use of Military Force to Combat Terrorist Activities," Bradbury's first paragraph begins with an urge for all members of government to exercise substantial caution on relying on the above-reference memorandum, authored by Gonzales, Haynes, Yoo and Delahunty as precedent of the OLC, and that this "should not be treated as authoritative for any purpose."
Let me get this straight: we waited all the way to October 6, 2008 — more than 7 years — to issue such a memoranda governmentally regarding a fundamental question of posse comitatus? One that the OLC clearly got wrong?
And where is David Addington's name in all of this, since it's fairly well known at this point that he drafted a hefty helping of this dreck? Guess he can draft it but doesn't deign to be a signatory?
Bradbury goes on to issue a blanket statement that the OLC is not to be used for:
…broad, hypothetical scenarios involving domestic military contingencies that senior policymakers feared might become a reality in the uncertain wake of the catastrophic attacks of 9/11…
Which is understandable that there would be hasty errors given the circumstances but, again, why did it take more than 7 years to correct their misperceptions?
Bradbury goes on:
This memorandum concludes in part V, pages 25-34, that the Fourth Amendment would not apply to domestic military operations designed to prevent and deter further terrorist attacks. This does not reflect the current views of this Office….
You don't say?
And then Bradbury goes on to say that statements regarding the First Amendment being restricted as to press and public speech were overly broad and not appropriate, that the attempt to gin up the "military purpose" vagueness as a reason for posse comitatus to not apply was unsupported crap (my paraphrase), and that the AUMF didn't give the Bush Administration a "military purpose" to use armed forces for police actions with US borders unrestrictedly.
Further, Bradbury succinctly decimates Insurrection Act claims because:
…to authorize the use of the military for law enforcement purposes would require the actual obstruction of the execution of federal law or a breakdown in the ability of state authorities to protect federal rights.
In other words, the legal dunces who drafted this didn't bother reading the actual code requirements and we at OLC these days are horrified. Please use your round file, thank you.
You think they held this particular OLC memo back out of caution? National security grounds? Or sheer embarrassment?


text:
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We're also the innovator that introduced the first content management system (CMS) for medical websites. CMS is synonymous with greater control over your website. With ProSites you'll have the ability to login 24/7 to our Website Editor and easily make changes to your website, such as…
Our Website Editor is as easy as "point & click". You don't have to know a thing about website design. Need assistance? We're here to help, with toll-free customer service and support. There's a reason we're known as the "Ultimate Website Solution".
In a very real sense, your website is an extension of you and your practice. As experts in website design and Internet marketing for bariatric surgeons, we understand what appeals to prospective patients seeking bariatric surgery and post-weight loss surgery procedures.
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text:
Q: My husband, who was in the U.S. Navy in Paris in 1939, purchased at the time a 1-ounce bottle of Jean Patou "Joy" perfume that has never been opened and is still in its original box. Is it of any value?
A: A book that offers an unbelievable perfume-bottle education is "The Art of Perfume -- Discovering and Collecting Perfume Bottles," by Christie Mayer Lefkowith. It is available in a hardcover, large, dust-jacketed edition for $66 postpaid (New York State residents add $4.95 sales tax) from Christie Mayer Inc., FDR Station, P.O. Box 5200, New York, N.Y. 10150-5200.


text:
The Florida Gang Investigator's Association is a multi-agency law enforcement group that provides an opportunity for local, county, state, and federal law enforcement professionals to exchange ideas and to develop effective gang criminal street gang reduction strategies. We accomplish these goals through training, networking and publications.
Under Federal Law certain information considered "Sensitive" or "Confidential" can only be disseminated to those sworn/certified members of Criminal Justice Agencies. We pride ourselves on establishing the Associate Membership category as we believe that to fully address the gang issue you must bring all stakeholders to the table.
Thus the ability to bring educators and counselors to the table to work together with law enforcement in developing an overall gang control strategy.
However, for those criminal justice professionals who are concerned about sensitive information you will be relieved to know that the FGIA utilizes secured servers to send out sensitive information to the FGIA Regular Members . The Members Only side of the website is also covered by numerous layers of security.
The FGIA established the Security Department in 2005, which is operated by the Director of Security.
The Security Department oversees the Membership Database, Members Only Side of the website and the security of all FGIA Events.
The Association shall have four classes of membership, Regular, Associate, Honorary and Lifetime.
Regular, Associate and Lifetime Members shall have equal voting rights, interests and privileges.
Honorary members shall have no voting rights.
Honorary and Associate members shall not be entitled to hold office, but shall enjoy other privileges.
No member of any class shall have any interest or property right in the assets of the Association and no member shall hold more than one membership in the Association.
All member classes are required to adhere to the regulations as set forth in the by-laws.
Any membership may be revoked, for cause, by a majority vote of the Board of Directors, at any regular or special meeting. Terminations for cause may include but is not limited to: The member being removed from their employment due to criminal activity, The member's failure to maintain good moral character, unbecoming conduct or any act or omission, which is counter-productive or sheds a negative image of the Association or the individual,the Board of Directors receiving a written resignation from a member.