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We're back to the two-story frame for episodes; on one side, Roslin and Adama try to get information about the Cylon plan from Baltar – using any means necessary. On the other side, Lee and Starbuck are forced to make a choice about their relationships.
A note to first time BSG watchers; these aren't the reviews for you. I plan to write about the show with the ending in mind. If you haven't seen the show, you will be spoiled on stuff that happens at the end. You've been warned.
I think what's always left me so unsatisfied with "The Eye of Jupiter" and "Rapure" two-parter is how busy the episodes are; the writers know they have to reach certain plot points and 'take care of business' and while the plot elements are interesting, the plot-plot-plot structure doesn't provide moments that linger in my mind afterward.
This episode is all about lingering, from shots of Baltar being pushed underwater by the ghost of a dead child, to Lee weeping after losing his wedding ring/wife, to Gaeta's attempted murder of Baltar, practically every scene sticks around in my mind (in case you were in doubt, this episode is one of my six favorites for the season).
Now, I could understand a viewer who grows impatient/bored at the love-quartet on display here between Lee/Dualla and Anders/Starbuck, but for once, the will-they-or-won't-they styling doesn't bother me, mainly because for the all teasing, Starbuck and Lee are not meant to be together, and the show does a fantastic of showing us that.
Lee and Starbuck have a lot in common, and one of the main commonalties is their inability to make a decision without wondering if it's the right one. Both of them continually go back and forth on their feelings and their actions…could you imagine them trying to make a marriage work? There would be no trust, no consistency, no foundation either one of them could rely on.
Starbuck is a little quicker to realize this, but it doesn't stop her from offering Lee a shot with her that she will most likely not honor. Lee is the epitome of the 'don't know what you've got till it's gone' school of life, and fortunately he smartens up enough to fight to get his marriage back together.
Truthfully, Dualla and Anders would probably be a lot better off if they cut their spouses out of their lives and never looked back, but well, they are in love, and they want to be with their respective spouses. Ain't love grand.
On the other side, Roslin and Adama have certainly come a long way; way back in season one, Adama authorized Starbuck to torture Leoben for information. He didn't want to get his hands dirty and farmed it out to someone who wouldn't mind, and Roslin put a stop to it when she found out about it.
And now, when they have the man responsible for all their problems in front of them (never mind what Roslin told Adama about that kind of thinking in "Hero"), bring on the sleep deprivation, force feeding, imprisonment without trial and hallucinogenic brain function manipulation. Not all change is good.
Our intrepid leaders are looking for Earth, and they know now that the Cylons are also looking for Earth, and since Baltar spent several weeks (months?) on their ships, giving them information, they conclude that he must know everything the Cylons know. That information is worth any price to their souls, and they never stop to consider that maybe Baltar really is telling them truth when he says he knows nothing.
Yeah, I wouldn't believe it either. One of the more fascinating aspects of the torture scenes (outside of the unforgettable visuals provided by Edward James Olmos) is how subtly Roslin and Adama switch places. All of a sudden, she's the one willing to pull back, and he's the one who is offering to disappear their former president.
She's all rage and guilt and regret in this episode, still tearing herself apart because she didn't steal that election and she let Gaius Baltar lead them to the Cylon occupation. He's just trucking with the rage because after weeks and weeks of losing people and losing food and losing ground, he's in control and he has all the power.
Together, they are one formidable force that Baltar barely escapes from, and together they bring the humanity back to each other. They decide that, because he's one of them, he deserves a trial. They are angered at the results of said trial, but they never regret going through with it.
Stray thoughts:
This episode marks the first time I really thought that Head Six was corporeal (at least some of the time). Exhibit A – when Baltar tries to kill himself, she kicks the bed out from under him, something he could not have done for himself.
Gaeta tries to kill Baltar twice in this episode, and his regret there is palpable. Everyone takes Baltar's treachery personal, but for Gaeta, a man who believed in Baltar and who gave him his presidency, Baltar's duplicity (even before the Cylons showed up) was a betrayal. Never break an idealist's heart – it's never a clean break.
Baltar is another one that has come a long way, somewhat for the better. He's still a frakker, but he's developing a bit of a conscience, and while guilt just isn't in him, he knows what he has done. He's not a Cylon; he betrayed his people and his "No" response is one of best scenes for the character and my favorite for the actor. It's an entire journey in one word.
Kudos to Tyrol for not getting sucked into Lee's pity party of regret. Lee, your marital problems are your own business, not anybody else's.
That move Roslin does with the lighter – classic.
Next up: "The Woman King"


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Find hotels in Piraeus using the list and search tools below. Find cheap and/or discounted hotel rates in or near Piraeus, Greece for your business or personal leisure travel. We list the best Piraeus motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Piraeus area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Piraeus hotels.The Piraeus center is around the area of Port Piraeus and 1 mile from Karaiskaki Stadium.
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Student Employees
On-Campus Student Employment
Multiple employment opportunities are available for CSUF students all over campus.
Student Assistants: This on-campus work program offers students the chance to explore and develop career related skills and gain professional experience. Anyone who is currently registered as a student at CSUF and is in good academic standing may be eligible to work as a Student Assistant.
Federal Work Study: Federal-work study is a federally funded financial aid program. It increases available part-time employment for students who need financial assistance while giving them the opportunity to gain practical work experience. Those who wish to work in the work-study program must be approved by the Financial Aid Office prior to being hired. For more information, please contact the Financial Aid Office.
Instructional Student Assistants / Graduate Assistants / Teaching Associates: Students who are hired as Instructional Student Assistants (ISA), Graduate Assistants (GA), or Teaching Associates (TA) assist a professor with his/her class load through miscellaneous tasks such as conducting research, teaching, facilitating group discussions, grading papers, or tutoring. For more information, go to http://www.fullerton.edu/far/unit11cba.htm.
International Students: International Students: It is possible for international students who are visiting on an F-1 or J-1 visa to work on-campus. International students can work no more than 20 hours a week during the school year and 40 hours a week during the winter/spring break and summer. To apply for an on-campus job international students should go through the regular hiring process. Once the student gets hired if he/she does not have a Social Security Card, he/she will need to obtain one prior to starting work. There are other rules and restrictions that may apply to international students working on campus. Please refer to the International Education and Exchange website for more information.
Requirements for working on-campus
- Be enrolled/registered (fees paid) in a current semester as a new or continuing student.
- Be in good academic standing.
- Provide a Social Security card as well as a photo ID.
Background Check Requirements: All users are expected to employ security practices appropriate to their responsibilities and roles. Student Assistants in a sensitive positions or who access Level 1 Security Data must complete a campus background check.
For descriptions of Level 1 Security Data please reference the
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For details on positions subject to background checks and the process for completing a background check see
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Forge Shopping Centre, Scotland, Store, Glasgow Shops, Units, News, Building
Forge Shopping Centre, Glasgow : Parkhead Shops
Scottish Retail Centre : Forge Parkhead – Grosvenor Shopping Centre Fund
Forge Shopping Centre Glasgow
Forge Shopping Centre in Parkhead, Glasgow, dates from the 1980s. Povall Worthington were instructed to prepare proposals for the refurbishment of the Forge mall & extension of various retail units to modernise & meet current retailing demand.
Forge Shopping Centre Parkhead – Building Information
Value: £2million approx
Forge Shopping Centre images / information from Povall Worthington
Forge Shopping Centre design : Povall Worthington
Building: Scott, Brownrigg and Turner
Forge Shopping Centre Sale
Apollo Real Estate, with joint venture partners Portfolio Holdings, David Henderson-Williams and Rob Cossey, has agreed the sale of the Forge Shopping Centre in Parkhead, Glasgow to Grosvenor – announced today (5 Aug 2004).
The 453,000 sq ft Forge Centre scheme becomes the latest addition to the Grosvenor Shopping Centre Fund, taking the fund's net asset value to £500m.
The Forge Shopping Centre occupies a dominant position in the East of the city. First opened in 1988, the centre now has more than 80 retail units – including the recently opened Dunnes Stores – and an Asda superstore, Littlewoods, seven-screen UCS Cinema complex and 1800 car parking spaces.
Welcoming the deal, Tony Christie, Grosvenor's Retail Fund Manager said: 'The Forge will be an important complement to the Fund's existing UK shopping centre assets, which also include centres in Grimsby, Durham, Poole and Burton-on-Trent. 'The Forge fits exactly the criteria for the Fund, which targets town centre locations offering prime retail pitches. It represents an exciting opportunity to capture the significant asset management potential of the centre, and to continue to develop the strong market position which the Forge has so far enjoyed.' He added: 'We are confident that we can continue to attract more big name high street stores to the centre.'
Speaking on behalf of the joint venture partners, Paul Parkinson, Chief Executive of Portfolio, said: 'When we purchased the Forge last year, there were a number of key long-term objectives we embarked upon. We now believe we have unlocked some real potential for the scheme. When Grosvenor approached us, we felt they would be well placed to take advantage of these and we wish them every success'.
Forge Shopping Centre, Parkhead: information 5 Aug 2004
Issued on behalf of Grosvenor and Apollo Real Estate by Weber Shandwick
Grosvenor Shopping Centre Fund
Grosvenor in Scotland
To see all projects in Glasgow on a map please follow this link
Shopping Centres Strathclyde
Braehead Shopping Centre off the M8, west of Glasgow
Glasgow Fort Shopping, Auchinlea, Glasgow
photo © Adrian Welch
Forge Shopping Centre Glasgow context : Celtic Park
photo © Adrian Welch
Also by Povall Worthington : Savoy Centre Glasgow
Buchanan Galleries Glasgow
image from architects
Comments / photos for the Forge Shopping Centre Parkhead page welcome
Forge Shopping Centre Building – page
Forge Website: www.forgeshopping.com


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For the first time, our friends in Mexico organized and presented a smaller version of the USA CIC, which was recently held at Instituto Tecnologico de Saltillo. To read more and see photos, click here.
The American Foundry Society's (AFS) Piedmont Chapter donated $24,000 on June 27 in support of the Virginia Tech Foundry Institute for Research and Education (VT FIRE) and the foundry at Virginia Tech University.. To read more, go to http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=15329 - Posted 8/28/13
The AFS Student Chapter of Missouri University of Science & Technology frequently hosts an "open foundry" activity for students who want to see what metal casting is all about. One of the recent activities was recorded and posted on YouTube. To view the video, go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24QWuBl9cwI - Posted 6/10/13
MPI, the worldwide leader in wax-room equipment has furthered its commitment to education in the investment casting industry by donating a 25-ton wax injector to the manufacturing program at Pittsburg State University (PSU). The new state-of-the-art wax injection machine is being installed in the metal casting lab at the Kansas Technology Center and is expected to be ready for operation in late May, just in time for the summer session at PSU.
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. — The University of Alabama will hold a ribbon cutting ceremony and dedication April 19 at 1 p.m. to open a new foundry meant to encourage creative collaboration between engineering and art students.
Scholarships were awarded to two students this year for their submissions to the AFS/FEF Technology Contest. Derrick Myers and Corey Vian, both from Purdue, were awarded $1000 and $1500 respectively; their FEF Key Professor is Qingyou Han.
Corey, who is pursuing his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering Technology, submitted "Bubble Formation and Motion During Solidification". Corey is studying Mechanical Engineering Technology and submitted a project entitled "Breaking Up Coral-like Eutectic Silicon in Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys". Both students will receive an AFS Merit Award, and their projects will be published in the Winter 2014 issue of the International Journal of Metalcasting.


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- Reagan Radio Address to the Nation on Prayer in Schools February 25, 1984
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- Jen Kuznicki Original Historical Bears
Originally posted at The Right Scoop on Novemeber 23, 2012
Everybody has given their explanation of what went wrong in the presidential election. Some say that the electorate has changed, some say that the party has to be less inclined to nominate moderates, some say conservatives have to give up on abortion and amnesty, some say nobody could have won against Obama, and some say massive unprecedented voter fraud in Obama's favor was the only reason he won.
I read Ann Coulter's fractured column from Wednesday only because Mark Levin linked to it. Coulter wants it to be clear that Romney wasn't the problem, so don't blame him for the loss. I don't read her stuff regularly anymore like I used to. I don't watch her on TV, I don't listen when she is interviewed on radio. I don't like frauds, I like people who are honest and forthright, straight-talking and who can connect with me on a "we are all Americans" basis. As a huge fan of talk radio and an observer of American politics, it has been clear now for about a year that Ann Coulter is not who I thought she was, and I have written extensively about it.
Wednesday's column was very telling, and you can tell Coulter directed it at one person. Mark Levin.
It's no secret I'm a huge fan of Levin, and I summed up why a long time ago on a forum while defending him. I surmised that the reason I defended Mark Levin, was because he defended me. This was years ago, I had no other connection with him than his voice on a radio, but I knew this guy would defend my way of life. My American way of life. Mark defends the coal miner, the mechanic, the truck driver, the farmer, the construction worker, the people who work with their hands who build things and work for others. Beyond that, he marvels at the work they can accomplish, wishes sometimes that he could do the great things they do. Great things that we look at as all in a day's work, for a paycheck to feed our families. The knowledge that a person far removed from your everyday mundane life understands your world and more than that, respects it, why, that is a powerful bond. And it's real.
The opening paragraphs of Coulter's column-
Small minds always leap to the answers given the last time around, which is probably why Maxine Waters keeps getting re-elected. But the last time is not necessarily the same as this time. A terrorist attack is not the same as the Cold War, a war in Afghanistan is not the same as a war in Iraq, and Mitt Romney is not the same as John McCain or Bob Dole.
But since the election, many conservatives seem to be coalescing around the explanation for our defeat given by Jenny Beth Martin of the Tea Party Patriots, who said: "What we got was a weak, moderate candidate handpicked by the Beltway elites and country club establishment wing of the Republican Party. The presidential loss is unequivocally on them."
Coulter called Levin small-minded and instead of using his name, picked on Jenny Beth Martin of Tea Party Patriots.
Now, you may ask how I know Coulter was speaking of Levin. I know because those of us who are faithful listeners know that they have had a quarrel for some time, and Levin has talked about how the establishment picks, the Dole, the McCain and the Romney picks are all moderates whom the base rejects. This column, in my view is a spill-over from probably some harshly worded emailing.
Coulter's action is the action of a coward. I can't believe it, but even Conor Friedersdorf and David Frum mention Mark by name when they try to diminish him in the eyes of the electorate, so we have to wonder why Coulter will not call Levin out.
See, it is easy for a coward to fight someone whom they feel they can step on without consequence, given that Coulter is speaking from the moderate wing of the Republican party, and Martin is tea party. From the establishment's point of view, tea partiers are neanderthal meddlers in politics who, not long ago I might add, received harsh reprimands from Coulter for not getting involved in politics sooner. In Coulter's view, the coal miner, the mechanic, the truck driver, the farmer, the construction worker, and all the retirees and veterans that make up the tea party, ought to shut the %&@# up and go back to whatever it is they do while she is trying to get more PR.
What is not as easy, is aiming your insults at the person you mean to diminish, especially when you know that by doing so, the blowback may take you down. Frum and Friedersdorf don't hesitate because they did not play at rallying the conservative base at anytime in their career, and that is why they aren't taken seriously. But Coulter did, and she recognizes the danger she is in.
Are the powers-that-be in the Republican Party sure that they want Ann Coulter as their chief cheerleader and spokesman? I noticed that Ann backed Chris Christie last year and wanted him desperately to get in the race. I noticed he never acknowledged her. I noticed she fiercely defended Romney when it was clear Romneycare was his big elephant in the room, and I noticed that Romney and his people didn't publicly acknowledge her efforts. When it came time to pick a VP, Ann pushed Christie again saying that the Romney people owed her. But Romney picked Ryan. And now, after the fact, she is still defending Romney and a certain type of Republicanism, and yet nobody holds her out as the prime example of what a loyal Republican should look like. I wonder why?
Do those moderate Republicans really want her driving a wedge between conservatism and whatever it is they call their brand of republicanism? I don't think so, and it's clear why they won't acknowledge her.
She built her career off of her wit and ability to cause a stir. I know now that her PR addiction was the driving force behind many of her most outlandish stances and comments. Some conservatives, including me, mistook her fire for conservative upheaval of the status quo. I know moderates did. But I liked her all those years and they didn't. They went to great pains to distance themselves from her, not wanting to be associated with her rhetoric.
So now that it seems she is trying to make her place amongst the moderates, seemingly pushing openly for Christie in 2016, defending the brand of politics that Christie represents, hoping that in four years, she may be able to be part of another New England republican victor, this one with a big mouth like her. (Just a theory.)
This tight-wire Coulter is walking is wreaking havoc on her nerves, (just an observation,) because as she slams Jenny Beth Martin she uses this line,
As Trotsky said, in moments of crisis, people with no politics tend to develop the worst possible politics.
and then goes on to trash Cruz, Reagan, and anyone else that the tea party connects with. Anyone who knows anything about Reagan will instantly see red if they bother to read the rest of her column. That said, she may not realize that in her efforts to push Romney's awesome points, she sharply shows that he had no tea party support. And therein lies the fact of why Romney lost.
As I said in my opening, everyone has their theory as to why Romney lost. Mine is this. Romney lost because he did not get the votes of Reagan Democrats. Obama lost millions of voters this go-round because many many blue-collar people who traditionally vote Democrat could not bring themselves to vote for Obama and could not bring themselves to vote for Romney. I think this because unlike Coulter, I actually live and talk and move amongst people like me, people that work with their hands, and struggle in their daily lives.
As an aside, it was clear during the primaries that conservative Democrats were not going to vote for Obama, and already did not like Romney. When Romney was the nominee, they tuned out until there was something they could see that he would do to understand their lives and where they were coming from. But hey, Obama's a nice guy, and he doesn't know how to create jobs. Reagan Democrats have jobs. They will work 17 hour days before taking a handout. Both Obama and Romney had no clue.
But the Republican consultants laughed at me and others when we pointed out that Romney wouldn't get the Reagan Democrats, and that we needed them to win against Obama. The consultants said that the way to win is to get Democrats to vote for Mitt, and Democrats are not all that keen on the conservative side of the social issues. I was told also, that since I live in the middle of nowhere, by demographical standards, I don't speak for the rest of the country, so leave them alone and go back to whatever it is I do.
They are so wrong. And now, I and millions of other tea partiers are left without a reason to argue for the Republican party. We are being rejected, quite obviously, and unless there is an intervention within the party, where strong elected conservatives argue on behalf of the tea party patriots across the nation, the Republicans cannot win.
Ann Coulter is just trying to find a place to be where she is comfortable. Perhaps she thinks the tea party is going away. Perhaps she believes that fiercely opposing those that do not agree with her is a good way to rally herself to a new height of PR. Unfortunately, that tactic only works when you are fighting the establishment.
I can't think of anything more stupid than to go after Mark Levin, and Coulter can say she didn't because she didn't name him. But, she has attacked Palin, the tea party, Reagan, conservative candidates, you and me. Even if she didn't come out and say Mark Levin is small-minded, she clearly insulted everything he stands for.
Tagged with: Ann Coulter • Jenny Beth Martin • Mark Levin
Carmela Valente
I really could never relate to Ann Coulter… Never followed her much. This article is excellent and clearly exposes the reasons that I haven't been drawn to her from the start.
You can sense why moderates have a problem with the base. Hell, they have a problem with the whole electorate. Levin often credits democrats and especially the most extreme because they never rest, they persist till they weaken the opposition and then get the most insane legislation approved. We then get slammed from both sides because our base knows it is wrong, the republican politicians know it is wrong and the democrats say they would never have had a problem in the first place if it were not for republicans.
Republicans need to openly accuse democrats the way democrats accuse them. We have the truth on our side and the Constitution but you would never know that. Are we embarrassed over our Constitution or as illiterate and ant-constitutional as democrats? When Nancy Pelosi says she does not know the difference between the 11th and 14th Amendments but is nevertheless a Constitutionalist that is frightening. It is even worse than that. Most democrats think that their party closely adheres to the Constitution and that republicans are looking to violate their rights. Whose fault is that? It is ours because the other party wants an ignorant public. How can you convince anyone of anything unless you accuse violators of what they are doing wrong? Embarrass them, tell the public today's democrats are more like the old USSR while previous Soviet bloc eastern Europe is striving to become like 19th century America. When conservatives use the Constitution for a backdrop, preach it, defend it and refuse to allow anyone to violate it they win because the other side is defenseless, people learn what they never before knew and our base rallies.
We offered McCain and Romney and lost and, yes, it was also about free stuff which something has to be done about because dependents have become too comfortable with their dependency; Franklin warned us about that over two centuries ago. But since the demographics have changed how would you expect them to understand what America is about if you don't articulate it and articulation requires that you point out that the other side is not representative of the natural law upon which our founding documents were created and hence their proposed utopian solutions are in violation of our Constitutional protected liberty.
So now after losing with McCain and Romney we have Boehner as our Speaker and the question becomes: what is the difference? Can he articulate Constitutional conservatism? Does he know the Constitution? Does he believe in it? Which side is he really on? We don't want to hear that he is on America's side because America and her Constitution are one and the same.
Consider this as an example. When I listen to the feminist black caucus call McCain and Graham racists because they don't think that Rice's performance deserves a promotion it should become apparent that there certainly is a difference between democrats and republicans. Do you think McCain or Graham, on national TV, would say that the caucuses are really the racists, who might dislike older white males and inappropriately and deliberately use words to mask incompetence and confuse the voters? Well, maybe republicans should. That is how you arouse media attention and then bring the argument back to where it belongs; who knew what and when concerning four dead Americans?
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- "It always amazes me the sheer number of women who defend abortion. Legal abortion has killed 52 million innocents since '73, that means 26 million roughly, were women. Sick." -Jen Kuznicki
- Any woman who understands the problems of running a home will be nearer to understanding the problems of running a country. -Margaret Thatcher
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I Don't Deny Global Warming ExistsI don't deny that global warming exists. It does not exist. There is not a pink elephant in my kitchen. I'm not denying it. It is not there. If I denied that there was a pink elephant in my kitchen, it would have to be there, but I would be lying to myself and everyone and walk around it to cook. But it is not there, therefore, I am not denying that it is.
- I can find neither solace or comfort in government. I cannot find hope nor light among those pretending to take my best interest to heart. I cannot worship or revere another human being because there are none alive that can instill my faith. Give me the One God; the One Who had created the heavens and earth and had purposefully breathed life into me. The One Who dwells in the secret place and watches over me and always keeps me company when all others abandoned me. But for Him I would have no purpose in this life; thank you Dear God. -Unknown
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Getting organized is not as tough as it sounds, especially if you hire a professional who has the expertise and skills to help you do the things you can't, won't or don't want to do yourself. A talented professional home and office organizer has the ability and compassion to help you decide what you can and can't live without and to facilitate the job of decluttering and organizing your home or office in a methodical and caring manner.
Be it as straightforward as decluttering and organizing a closet, garage or office, or as complex as preparing and staging a house to be sold; coordinating a household move; transitioning into a retirement or assisted living venue or packing for a vacation, Naples-based professional organizer and Naples Daily News' "Get Organized" columnist Marla Ottenstein is celebrated as Southwest Florida's leading authority on how to get, and stay organized!
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What a great idea! This is one of my all-time favorite pics. We're having Christmas pics done Friday so hopefully I'd put one of those on a card.
HeatherB ~ mama to 3 wonderful boys: 03/02; 09/04; 09/07 - and Eliana, 11/13/10!
Founder of Houston Birth Alternatives: Be Informed, Encouraged, Supported birth support group and aspiring midwife.
This is the photo I would use for my Greeting/Welcome the New Year Card. It's a photo of me taken last year in from of the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in downtown Los Angeles. It so captures my wild woman mother child energy ~ a place I try to live from & honor ~
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text:
Click here to hear an 50-minute demo: MIKE HENEBRY ORCHESTRA DEMO (Please be patient, it can take a few minutes to load... if you'd like to browse the site while listening to the demo, please open the site again in another window, otherwise the demo will stop when you return to the site). You can also sample any of our recordings (see "Recordings").
Mike Henebry
Vocalists Ginger Pauley and Jeff Gilbert
The MIKE HENEBRY ORCHESTRA is a SWING ERA BIG BAND from the Southern California area. They play the swing music of the big bands and dance bands of basically, the years 1935-1948. They play big band jazz as well as the ballads and the sweeter side. In their incredible library of about 2100 charts, they have authentic arrangements from all of the major bands of the period: Benny Goodman, Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, Artie Shaw, Duke Ellington, Harry James, Jimmie Lunceford, Woody Herman, etc.
Swing Music
Many of the Arrangements are the Real McCoy! For example, over 300 of the Benny Goodman arrangements came from the actual Benny Goodman library. Many of the Artie Shaw charts were acquired directly from Mr. Shaw himself! In these cases, these are the "actual" arrangements used to make the famous hit recordings (not a facsimile or an approximation like most bands play). When you put top-caliber musicians behind the "actual" music, you get a sound that is nearly identical to the original!
The band recreates the sound of the bands that gave us what is generally considered to be the very best of the American popular music to date. Everybody still loves the music… In The Mood, Moonlight Serenade, Let's Dance, Marie, I'm Getting Sentimental Over You, Flat Foot Floogie, Tuxedo Junction, Begin The Beguine, A String Of Pearls, Boogie Woogie, Woodchoppers Ball, Little Brown Jug, Sing, Sing, Sing…
The MHO has been playing dances, weddings, concerts-in-the-parks, reunions, festivals, anniversaries and parties in the cities of Southern California for many years, and they always get a great reception. They are generally considered to be one of the very top big bands in California. They can provide wedding entertainment as well as dance music for any occasion. They have CDs available as well (see recordings).
The MIKE HENEBRY ORCHESTRA is a guaranteed hit!
Contact Information
Send mail to
firstname.lastname@example.com with questions or comments about this web site.


text:
There is no doubt to anyone who watched Mississippi State basketball this season that Arnett Moultrie and Dee Bost are the catalyst for this yearŌĆÖs squad.
The second season starts for the Mississippi State softball team today and second just happens to start with SEC.
Players know when theyŌĆÖre in ŌĆśthe zone.'
ThereŌĆÖs just the feeling of knowing no matter the situation, they are going to deliver when the chips are down and your team is counting on you the most.
Starkville Academy's Kenny Coats and Michael Temple await with great anticipation for the Mississippi Association of Independent Schools All-Star soccer match on Thursday in Jackson.
By ANGIE CARNATHAN
Hors dŌĆÖoeuvres.┬ĀAppetizers.┬ĀFinger foods.┬ĀLittle nuggets of deliciousness that can be eaten with no silver in sight.
MABEN ŌĆō Ashley Albritton did not get to play soccer for Starkville High School this season due to a knee injury, but she is making up for it with tennis.
There was a time when swimmer Laken Vickers gave up the sport at age 6.
When she returned to competition at age 10, Shockwave Aquatic Swim Team coach Robert P. Gonzalez was sure glad she did.
While itŌĆÖs true I participate in a low-carb lifestyle, my family certainly does not (cookies, pasta, cake ŌĆö┬Āoh my!) Because of this, the majority of my cooking is actually not low-carb.
By CARL SMITH


text:
What do you think?
Are you talking about Stonemason's store, how it looks? I think it looks slick and professional if that's the question.
My DeviantArt Galleries
My ShareCG Gallery
OPENSUBDIV Testing and Discussion
3Delight Surface and Lighting Thread
Indeed it was.
wancow - 06 November 2012 01:32 PMAre you talking about Stonemason's store, how it looks? I think it looks slick and professional if that's the question.
DAZ_Kevin - 06 November 2012 01:36 PMIndeed it was. wancow - 06 November 2012 01:32 PMAre you talking about Stonemason's store, how it looks? I think it looks slick and professional if that's the question.
The "Shop All Stonemason" link is redundant (goes to the page you're already on) and the items-per-page control isn't working (it's stuck on 15). Sure looks purty though, don't it?
Hat-wearing member of the Bald Wizards Club
No-Eyebrows Face Textures List
I get Three one three one three one for items, that can not be right. Chrome on Win7 64 bit.
Exile, Drows Walk: A Tale of Jaderail starts here. Free pulp fiction at its Fantasy best, Updated 2/3/14.
Proud Member of the Bald Wizards Club My stuff at DeviantArt
I get the same display as Jade, but unlike Beth I can change the items per page to 60.
Buy it now link is not functional
Using Firefox 15.0.1
Chohole's Space NeilV's Freebies and stuff Summer 1 Bryce Rendering Challenge July Freebie Challenge
My DAZ 3D Gallery 11915
I like the basic principle, but it's not working great in Opera. Simplest to show not tell.
1) Buy Now button appears to be non-functional
2) Bio text is too low contrast with image, I had to highlight it into white to be able to read it.
3) Problems with width are not solved by turning off the bookmark panel at the side of my Opera layout, the same errors are there with full screen.
No, I am not gonna buy ...
No, I am not gonna buy…
No, I am not gonna buy… right now…
It does look good!
Will this happen as well for other PAs?
Jaderail - 06 November 2012 01:45 PMI get Three one three one three one for items, that can not be right. Chrome on Win7 64 bit.
I also use Chrome (but Win XP) and it shows like this too - three items in first row, then only one item in second row, three in third row, then one and so on. Also, background shows with the usual light grey color, just like in the rest of the store. I checked how it looks in IE, which I usualy do not use, and it does look much better - it is showing 4 items per row allright and the background is black, which goes very well with the promo picture at the top.
Simply put - in IE it looks cool, in Chrome it looks like crap…
Another difference - in Chrome artist´s bio is written over the promo image and I cannot get it go away. In IE the picture is clean without any writing over it - when I want to see artits´s bio, I click on text "artist bio" on the top, when I want it to disappear, I simply click on that again. This does not work in Chrome - text from the bio (including artist´s photo) is displayed all the time and does not disappear no matter what I do. Also, text "artist bio" shows above promo picture - but in IE it is in the right corner and in Chrome in the left one.
it is broken in Safari
how do you *not* test?
(I made it 50% size to show)
I get the same thing as the others in Maxthon3, the formating is definitely off, but then the whole sites been a joke since you idiots changed it.
**shuffles of with a new headache**
I see the same thing as DWG but I use FireFox
My DAZ Gallery http://www.daz3d.com/gallery/users/68
My deviantART http://kitashrak.deviantart.com/
The 'Artist bio' is hard to read and 3-1 product display isn't all that realy.
And his store isn't on sale, there's still some things i want
I did discover he's a year younger than me .
And i already knew he's got alot more talent than me, lots more.
Grtz Jean-Claude
Do a "Hard" refresh (ctrl + F5) and does that fix it?
Confirmed, looks awesome in IE. I dropped IE because of Avatar issues and security issues. IE will be up dated to plug holes when will the Forums Avatar issue get resolved?
On Win7 and Chrome a hard refresh failed a System refresh (Crtl-R) did fix it.
This is Chrome on Win7 after…..


text:
Entries tagged with: Janet Jackson
Tickets are on sale now for a February 23rd Meat Loaf show at Irving Plaza.
The number of Radio City shows Janet Jackson is playing is now up to three. Tickets are on sale for all of them.
Twisted Sister (not La Toya) (not pictured above) are playing a benefit at Best Buy Theater on April 29th. Tickets go on sale at noon.
I would just end the post there, but might as well keep going.
Tickets are also on sale at noon for the Rick Ross show at Best Buy Theater and for the Lupe Fiasco show at Webster Hall.
Raekwon and a bunch of other hip hop shows are on sale too.
Still can't find a ticket link for Brochella
Tonight's Mission of Burma show at Maxwell's is sold out, but tickets are still on sale for the gig at the Bell House.
Tickets are on sale for the Miike Snow/Major Lazer/Santigold shindig at Terminal 5.
Browse the "Tour Dates" category for more recent show announcements (and their corresponding ticket links),
Furthur, Fang Island, Holy Ghost!, Hold Steady, Janet Jackson, OMD, Morcheeba, Rasputina, Melissa Auf Der Maur, Das Racist & other tickets
(snow by spanaut)
Furthur (no "e") has headlined Madision Square Garden which isn't a big surprise given that the band contains original Grateful Dead members Bob Weir and Phil Lesh along with fellow hippies John Kadlecik of the Dark Star Orchestra on guitar, Jeff Chimenti of RatDog on keyboards, and Joe Russo of the Benevento/Russo Duo on drums (Jay Lane left Furthur after the March 12, 2010 show to rejoin Primus). Tickets go on presale on Thursday at 10am for EIGHT NYC shows happening in March. Five are at Best Buy Theater and three are at Radio City Music Hall.
Speaking of Radio City Music Hall, Janet Jackson is playing there on March 18th. Tickets go on presale Friday at 9am.
Janet Jackson notoriously had a "wardrobe malfunction" when she played the Superbowl Halftime show once. Tickets are now on sale for the show Neko Case is playing at the Bell House on Superbowl Sunday.
Eluvium was added to the Explosions in the Sky / Low show happening at Radio City on April 6th. Tickets are still on sale.
Tickets are on AmEx presale now for the Motorhead/Clutch/Valient Thorr show happening at Best Buy Theater. Tickets go on sale Friday for the same lineup at Starland Ballroom.
Fang Island is playing a headlining show at Bowery Ballroom on March 11th. Openers TBA. Tickets go on sale Friday at noon.
Tickets are now on AmEx presale for the Toro Y Moi shows at Bowery Ballroom and Music Hall of Williamsburg.
Tickets are on AmEx presale for the Hold Steady shows at MHOW & Terminal 5.
Tickets are now on AmEx presale for the Cave Singers / Lia Ices show at Music Hall of Williamsburg.
Holy Ghost!, who has headlined Bowery Ballroom before (not sure how it sold though) will headline Mercury Lounge on February 2nd. Tickets are now on sale.
Tickets are on Amex presale for the Lost in the Trees show at Mercury Lounge.
Tricky was recently in town, and Morcheeba will be here in February to play two shows at Irving Plaza which are both on sale.
Tickets are now on AmEx presle for the Lucinda Williams shows at Webster Hall.
Tickets are now on AmEx presale for the OMD show at Webster Hall.
Tickets are on AmEx presale for the Of Montreal show at Webster Hall.
Das Racist is playing Highline Ballroom on February 3rd.
Rasputina is playing Highline Ballroom on February 26th with Mr Voltaire. Tickets are on sale.
Melissa Auf Der Maur is playing Highline Ballroom on March 3rd. Tickets are on sale.
Tickets are still on sale for the How to Dress Well and Autre Ne Veut show in a church.
Tickets are still on sale for the Trail of Dead show at Littlefield.
The announcement that Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers would play halftime at today's Super Bowl XLII thrilled fans of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame group but was greeted with grumbling in some quarters.More Tom Petty tour dates below...
After three years of halftime shows dominated by long-in-the-tooth acts - Paul McCartney, the Rolling Stones and Prince - some fans were hoping for an artist like Beyoncé, the Foo Fighters or Carrie Underwood to inject new energy.
But the National Football League has played it safe since Janet Jackson's "wardrobe malfunction" four years ago, and rock acts don't come much more dependable than the Grammy-winning Petty, 57, and his Florida-spawned band. [The Arizona Republic]
Continue reading "The Superbowl & other Tom Petty Tour Dates"


text:
Kathy A. Torline-Nordstrom
(719) 287-1049
Cherry Creek Properties, LLC
Serving Colorado Springs
Quick Search:
Wood floors and winter don't always mix
Colorado home buyers like wood floors
Wood floors and winter weather don't always mix, and since wood floors are very popular in Colorado it's important to know how to maintain them.
Search for Colorado Springs Homes
Let's first start with why home owners like them.
Even though they are expensive to install, if they are maintained properly they can last the lifetime of a house. Certainly can't say the same for carpet!
And even thought tile is also very durable, it's not appealing for many rooms in Colorado as it has a tendency to stay cold. Who wants to put their feet on a cold floor in the middle of winter!
One of the other major appeals of wood floors is that they are easy to keep clean.
And it's also important to note, that some Realtors feel that houses with well maintained wood floors sell faster that homes with carpet.
Here's some tips for maintaining wood floors.
(1) If the floors are in the entryway where snow, ice and water can get tracked in, make sure there is a place to take off shoes by the entryway. A good durable mat by the entryway can be a valuable investment.
(2) Vacuum them at least once a week to remove dirt and dust. Use a vacuum cleaner that doesn't have a beater bar on it.
(3) Prevent scratches by placing felt protectors under the legs of furniture and be especially careful when you are moving the furniture.
(4) Minimize water exposure and clean up any liquid spills immediately.
If you enjoyed reading this article, why not Subscribe to be notified of the next one?
Kathy (719-287-1049) [email protected]


text:
Log In
The production of "Lez Girls" finally begins as Jenny deals with a recalcitrant star; Bette and Tina struggle with their rekindled feelings; the owners of SheBar take their war against the gang to the next level.
Written by:
Ilene Chaiken
Directed By:
Ilene Chaiken
Showtime Advisories
Graphic Language, Adult Content, Strong Sexual Content
Duration59 min.
Audio Format
Surround Sound, Dolby Digital 5.1, English/Spanish
Video Format
HDTV, Closed Captioning
tvma-dlvsadult content, graphic language, nudity. viewer discretion advised
The L Word: ©Showtime Networks Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Mountain Hardwear Men's Chiller SS Shirt
Products on Sale are Discontinued Styles or Colors.
The Mountain Hardwear Men's Chiller Short Sleeve Shirt is a button down short sleeve shirt for hiking. The wrinkle-resistant fabric allows you to go from work straight onto the trail all with a clean look.The Cool.Q ZERO technology keeps you cool for the whole day while also wicking sweat from your body and drying out quickly. The collar can be flipped upwards to prevent a burnt neck on the hottest days. Zip a trail map into the chest pocket and you're ready for an adventure.
FEATURES of the Mountain Hardwear Men's Chiller Short Sleeve Shirt
- Cool.Q ZERO provides an immediate and ongoing cooling sensation
- Wrinkle-resistant, quick-drying and durable fabric
- Seams rotated away from pressure points for comfort under a pack
- Flip-up sun protection collar
- Zip chest pocket
SPECIFICATIONS of the Mountain Hardwear Men's Chiller Short Sleeve Shirt
- Standard Fit
- Average Weight: 5 oz / 150 g
- Center Back: 29" / 74 cm
- Body: Cool.Q ZERO Flex Stretch (86% polyester, 14% elastane)
$53.99 $84.95
Ships FREE When will I get it?


text:
Interventions/Major Recommendations
Administer vancomycin intravenously as prescribed.
Administer trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for minor MRSA infections as prescribed.
Advocate for avoiding unnecessary antibiotics to reduce the occurrence of resistant bacteria.
Avoid the use of topical or systemic agents for nasal or extra-nasal MRSA for decolonization. This is not supported
· Hand Hygiene after contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions and any or all contaminated items whether or not wearing gloves. Immediately after patient contact, after gloves are removed, and/or between tasks on the same patient which may cause cross-contamination to other body parts completely clean hands.
Hand washing with soap or antiseptic –containing soap and water, and use of gels, foams or rinse agents that do not require water.
Hands should be dried with a dry, disposable paper towel, and facets should be turned off using a paper towel
- Standard universal precautions: Standard precautions should be practiced at all times, including handwashing, using gloves, and decontaminating linens and surfaces; regardless of MRSA status.
- Do not touch open wounds or skin sores with your bare hands.
- Wear gloves when changing bandages and properly dispose of the bandage right away after removal.
- Wash hands often throughout the day with soap and water; rub hands for 15-30 seconds each time. Use an alcohol based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.
- Shower daily with warm water and an antibacterial soap.
- Wash uniforms in warm to hot water, use bleach if possible and dry on highest setting possible.
- Keep open sores, cuts and scrapes on hands clean and covered with a bandage.
- Maintain nails at one quarter inch and avoid the use of artificial nails.
- Precautions:
- Isolation or contact precautions should be implemented according to the type of MRSA infection or colonization
- The individual patient's clinical situation and prevalence or incidence of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) in the facility should be considered when deciding to implement or modify contact precautions in addition to standard precautions for a patient colonized or infected with MRSA (Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section, LA Dept of Health, 2008).
- Transmission-based isolation precautions should be continued for as long as the resident continues to have secretions or excretions that cannot be contained.
- When the condition of a resident changes (e.g. wound drainage is contained), transmission-based isolation precautions can be modified or discontinued.
Implement a system of alerting healthcare workers and visitors that a resident is on contact precautions without compromising the resident's privacy.
Colonized patients: only when the patients are a documented source of transmission to other patients (Nicolle).
Gloves: Gloves (single use, disposable) must be used when touching blood and all body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. Gloves should be worn when providing care that involves substantial personal contact such as changing clothes, bedding, etc. If gloves become soiled with potentially infectious material (e.g. urine, stool, blood), they should be changed before further contact with clean surfaces, the patient, or other staff. Remove the gloves after caring for the patient and wash hands with an antibacterial soap before leaving the room. Staff should be trained in these procedures and a competency measured on a yearly or more frequent basis as need arises.
Gowns: Gowns should be worn if the caregiver's clothing is likely to have substantial contact with a MRSA-positive resident in the course of care (e.g. bed baths, lifting). Gowns should be removed immediately after care and the caregiver's hands should be washed prior to leaving the resident's room with an antibacterial soap.
Masks and eye protection: masks are recommended when the patient has MRSA bronchitis or tracheitis, lower bronchial colonization or a tracheostomy, and during care of MRSA-infected burns. If extensive splattering is expected, protective eyewear may be warranted. Eyewear is recommended for intubation, suctioning of the respiratory tract, irrigation of a wound, caring for open tracheostomies, and any condition with the potential for projectile secretions. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends using eye protection that could include goggles, face shields, safety glasses, or full-face respirators depending on the activity being performed. Selection of protective eyewear appropriate for a given task should be made from an evaluation of each activity, including regulatory requirements when applicable (NIOSH, 2004).
Linens: All linen, regardless of the diagnosis of the resident, should be collected and bagged at the bedside. If linen is wet, or saturated with urine or feces, is should be collected in a plastic or fluid impervious bag. All linen should be treated as potentially infectious
Environmental Cleaning: surfaces and equipment that may be contaminated with pathogens be cleaned and disinfected on a regular basis and according to institutional and national guidelines. The areas that are in close proximity to the patient (e.g., bed-rails, over-bed tables), and frequently-touched surfaces in the patient care environment (e.g., door knobs, toilet areas, sinks) should be cleaned on a more frequent basis with an approved disinfectant.
Cleaning of computer equipment used in multi-patient care: recommend that computer cleaning should be done using the same protocols to clean other environmental surfaces in the area and it should be done between each individual patient or patient room. It is also recommended that plastic covers be used if the equipment cannot be cleaned in the same manner, and that equipment being ordered contain as many smooth surfaces as possible. Good hand hygiene should be practiced before using the equipment between patients.
Group Activities: A long-term care facility is normally considered a resident's home. A MRSA-positive resident should be allowed to ambulate, socialize as usual, and participate in therapeutic and group activities as long as contaminated body fluids are contained. When residents leave their room, they should have their hands cleaned. In addition, they should have clean, dry dressings and wear clean clothes. Where appropriate, enhanced barrier protection to contain a contaminated body substance is preferred over restriction of the resident.
Room Placement/Cohorting:
A private room is not necessary unless the patient has a condition that would increase the likelihood of transmission (e.g., eczema, a large MRSA-infected or colonized burn, or lower respiratory tract infection).
When placing residents with MRSA in multiple-bed rooms, their roommates should not be severely immunocompromised or have indwelling lines or open wounds.
When single-patient rooms are available, assign priority for these rooms to patients with known or suspected multi drug resistant organism (MDRO) colonization or infection. Give highest priority to those patients who have conditions that may facilitate transmission (e.g., uncontained secretions or excretions).
When single-patient rooms are not available, cohort patients with the same MDRO in the same room or patient-care area. Contaminated rooms may be a risk factor for the acquisition of nosocomial pathogens by unaffected patients.
Outbreak Control:
- Improved hand hygiene has been associated with a sustained decrease in the incidence of MRSA. Hand hygiene can be reduced by restricting the use of artificial nails as they have been shown to harbor more pathogenic organisms.
- Protect open sores by keeping them covered and avoid contact with MRSA infected persons. Decolonization of residents or staff is not routinely recommended as this has not been shown to be effective for large populations because re-colonization occurs.
- If possible try to restrict staff to one cohort of the patient population to avoid cross contamination.
- Reinforce and monitor compliance to infection control procedures throughout the facility.
- Try to keep MRSA patients in private rooms.
- It is not necessary to restrict admissions or discharges to the facility unless it is shown that the facility is not following the proper protocols for those residents that are currently in the facility.
Surveillance in an essential tool for case-finding of single patients or clusters of patients who are infected or colonized with epidemiologically important organisms such as MRSA, for which transmission-based precautions are required. Surveillance is defined as the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. Surveillance is an important component of all infection control programs, including those in long-term care facilities.
- The long term care facility should maintain a confidential listing of the names and other appropriate information of residents and admissions that are found to be colonized or infected with MRSA. Do not include on the listing residents who are colonized with MRSA in the nares ONLY. These colonized patients should be tracked separately.
- Facilities should regularly monitor and record endemic MRSA case rates using incidence or incidence density ratio (e.g., percent cases or cases per 1,000 resident-days).
- Facilities can use surveillance data in educational programs to reinforce infection control practices and to prioritize infection control activities.
- Staphylococcus aureus: a common species of gram-positive bacteria found on the skin and in the anterior nares of many people
- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): strains of S. aureus that are resistant to the antibiotics methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin and other antimicrobials
- Colonization: the presence of microoroganisms in or on a host with growth and multiplication but without tissue invasion or damage
- Infection: the entry and multiplication of microorganisms in the tissues of the host accompanied by clinical signs and symptoms
- Disinfection: a process that kills or destroys nearly all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, on inanimate objects
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text:
AUSTIN, Texas―The Texas Journal on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (TJCLCR) at The University of Texas School of Law presents its annual symposium entitled "Constructing America: A Discussion on Immigration and Civil Rights," on Thursday, March 23 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The symposium is co-sponsored by the Individual Rights Section of the State Bar of Texas and will explore the social, political, and legal issues currently being discussed in relation to immigration issues in the United States.
The symposium is free to the general public; lawyers wishing to receive 7.0
hours of CLE credit must register at firstname.lastname@example.com
and will be required to pay a $50 registration
The Symposium will begin with a panel of attorneys experienced in the practice of litigation on behalf of undocumented immigrants. This group of experts will explore strategies, challenges and other issues relating to unique area of law. Speakers include James Harrington, Director of the Texas Civil Rights Project; Carlos Holguin, General Counsel for the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law; and Javier Maldonado, formerly of the Texas Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights.
At 10:30 a.m., speakers from a wide variety of backgrounds will talk about public benefits available to undocumented immigrants. Topics will include housing, licenses, and education. Panelists will include Dr. Michelle Waslin, Ph.D., the Director of Immigration Policy Research at the National Council of La Raza; Krista Del Gallo from the Texas Council on Family Violence; and Alejandra Rincon, formerly of the Austin Independent School District International Welcome Center.
TJCLCR will be hosting a free luncheon in the Sheffield Room of The University of Texas School of Law with a presentation by the Honorable Lupe Salinas, Professor of Law at the Thurgood Marshall School of Law, entitled "Linguaphobia: What the English-Only Movement has Created." Salinas will discuss the controversy over bilingualism; its impact on native Spanish-speakers, as well as Constitutional questions. There will be an opportunity for attendees to ask questions at the conclusion of the presentation. Please RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com by Tuesday, March 21.
Beginning at 1:30 p.m., the symposium will host a variety of viewpoints in "Crossing the Border." Panelists will discuss current border enforcement strategies, as well as alternative strategies and alternative perspectives on the situation at the U.S./Mexico border. Assistant Chief Patrol Agent John Esquivel, of the U.S. Border Patrol will speak about the Border Patrol's goals and practices. Professor Claudia San Miguel, from Texas A&M International University, will discuss alternative perspectives to the current methods. Grant Lannon and Dr. Mike Vickers, of the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps, Texas branch, will talk about the visible new movement towards civilian, volunteer border patrolling.
At 3:15 p.m., there will be a discussion on the current state of immigration-related legislation and policy, at both the national and Texas state level. Panelists include Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia, Senior Policy Associate and Counsel from the National Immigration Forum in Washington, D.C.; and Ana Yanez-Correa of the Texas Criminal Justice Coalition. Our speakers will address bills presently being debated in legislatures, as well as the administrative involvement in policy-making.
Related Link:
The Texas Journal on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights: http://www.utexas.edu/law/journals/tjclcr/


text:
New Scientist magazine - 29 September 2012
Cause test could end up in court
Proving the cause of something is notoriously difficult. A new test claims to be able to find such causes, and it might end up in the courtroom very quickly
Reality: ineffable, but impossible to forsake
Whatever your definition of reality, you can't avoid it
The Singularity is upon us? Not so fast
History offers little support for the claim that technological ability will soon outstrip our ability to understand it
Malaria-carrying mosquitoes slip through the net
News > Upfrontp4
Bed nets have helped to reduce malaria cases in Africa – but the pathogen-carrying mosquitoes are changing their behaviour, putting people at risk
Poll deals climate change blow for Mitt Romney
News > Upfrontp4
The Republican party's scepticism about climate change could play badly with undecided voters as a poll suggests 65 per cent believe it is caused by humans
Russian chemist faces trial over expert testimony
News > Upfrontp4
Olga Zelenina is freed from pre-trial imprisonment, but still faces a court case for "doing her job" as an expert witness in a drug trafficking case
New killer virus in the Middle East
News > Upfrontpp4-5
A virus never before seen in humans has infected two people in the Middle East, killing one. There is so far no evidence that it can spread readily between people
60 Seconds
News > Upfrontp5
US plans to bury expensive uranium, anti-acne virus, mice that shed their skins to escape predators, and more
California space law boosts business, not safety
News > Upfrontp5
The new law treats private space flight more like sky-diving than air travel, but there are no statistics on the safety of commercial trips
Climate change already harming the global economy
News > Upfrontp5
The world's failure to tackle climate change is costing 1 per cent of global GDP every year, boosting the case for urgent action on emissions
Storm over genetically modified maize study worsens
News > Upfrontp5
France threatens to suspend imports of GM maize as animal feed if its food agency can confirm study claims that it gives rats cancer
Ageing cells offer new target for Alzheimer's therapy
News > This Weekpp6-7
Brain cells that turn toxic in old age and release damaging proteins are linked to the accumulation of plaques in Alzheimer's disease
Causality test could help preserve the natural world
News > This Weekpp8-9
How can you prove one event causes another? A new test can find out, even in complex ecosystems
Burn victim identified by maggots on body
News > This Weekp9
Police have discovered the identity of a burned body using DNA extracted from the guts of maggots feeding on the victim
Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean
News > This Weekp10
The whole world shuddered in April this year as Earth's crust began the difficult process of breaking a tectonic plate
Space surgery possible with zero-gravity tool
News > This Weekp11
Simple surgery could endanger the lives of all on board a spacecraft if blood droplets get into cabin. A zero-gravity tool could help
Solar maximum? Oh, you just missed it
News > This Weekp12
The sun reached peak activity in its northern hemisphere in 2011 it seems, with the southern half lagging behind – it may signal the coming of an extended quiet phase
Crustaceans hide their true age in stomach
News > In Briefp14
Counting the annual growth bands in the only hard part of a lobster that isn't moulted could help sustainable fishing practices
Eunuchs provide clues to longer life
News > In Briefp14
Eunuchs in the Korean Choson dynasty lived around 17 years longer than their non-castrated peers, hinting at testosterone's influence on lifespan
Oldest dental filling is found in a Stone Age tooth
News > In Briefp14
A beeswax cap that was applied 6500 years ago to a cracked canine adds to evidence that prehistoric humans were competent dentists
Vampire squid from hell eats faeces to survive depths
News > In Briefp14
By eating dead animals and other waste, vampire squid can live in parts of the ocean too toxic for most predators
Asteroid Vesta's hydrogen suggests water-delivery role
News > In Briefp15
Meteor impacts probably delivered water-bearing minerals to the space rock long ago, which may be how water arrived on early Earth
Atomic clocks get a grip on gravity
News > In Briefp15
The devices are accurate enough to give high-resolution views of our planet's density variations, and they're almost the right size too
Cheap 'postage stamp' test monitors liver health
News > In Briefp15
A small and inexpensive piece of paper could provide developing nations with a quick and easy way to test blood for signs of liver damage
Weird waves help model tsunamis' destructive potential
News > In Briefp15
Shallow X- and Y-shaped waves are more common than thought and offer an insight into the interactions that boost a tsunami's power
GPS workaround helps make dumb phones smart
Technology > Newsp17
Clever workarounds give older cellphones some of the applications that smartphone users take for granted
Snakes on a plane slither in engines
Technology > Newspp18-19
After algorithms spot a problem, snake-like robots may one day be used to investigate faulty engines, saving time and money
Jazz-singing robot could shed light on consciousness
Technology > Newspp18-19
A robot that is being taught to sing duets with humans could reveal the nature of creativity, thought to be linked to consciousness
Graphics chips are for more than just eye candy
Technology > Insightp20
Microchips that were once designed solely for enhancing computer graphics are revolutionising data-heavy scientific research
Home prenatal scans help keep babies safe
Technology > Newsp20
Commercially available sensors monitor fetuses and then use a smartphone to transmit the data back to a hospital
Beak-a-boo: Birds have their portraits taken
Against a black backdrop and with professional lighting, these aren't the sort of photos of animals we're used to seeing
The US presidential election is no contest
Opinion > Comment and Analysispp24-25
Don't believe the US presidential opinion polls. Barring a political earthquake, Barack Obama will be re-elected at a canter, says Jim Giles
Getting down with the cavenauts in training
Opinion > Interviewp25
Sometimes astronauts head to the most unlikely places to train for the rigours of space, as NASA's Andrew Feustel reveals
Physicist: 'I carried a gun. And learned calculus'
Hakeem Oluseyi is one of only a handful of black astrophysicists round the world, but the One Telescope project could help him change that
Dark energy, solved
I really enjoyed your article on neutrinos and the questions they pose for particle physics (8 September, p 30), but surely the answer is obvious...
Ringing the changes
The expansion of online schooling in the US (8 September, p 6) brings to mind Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan's quote "the medium is"...
A censor's dream?
You report the growing take-up of radio-over-fibre technology, which can distribute wireless internet to remote locations via a single cable (15 September...
For the record
• In our interview with Joseph Bock (8 September, p 25) we accidently moved the University of Notre Dame from Indiana to Illinois...
Inspired minds
Surgeon Hutan Ashrafian attributes Egypt's brief affair with monotheism to visions experienced by the pharaoh Akhenaten as a result of temporal lobe epilepsy (8...
Invisible aid
Reading your article on touchscreen keyboards that adapt to a user's style to improve typing accuracy (2 June, p 23) left me with a...
Special case
Further to your look at the rights and wrongs of athletes with spinal injuries who self-harm in order to prime their cardiovascular system for...
Still just a machine
Pondering AI consciousness, Ben Goertzel asks how close we are to creating a machine that thinks like us (8 September, p 18). This question is...
Striding out
Your article inspired by amputee Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius exploring transhumanism, in which technology is used to enhance human capabilities, is interesting (11 August, p...
Up in smoke
In response to letter writer Martin van Raay wondering about spontaneous animal combustion (15 September, p 29), a cat at a nursing home in London...
Enigma Number 1717
Opinion > Enigmap29
Busted! The myth of technological progress
Features > Featurepp30-33
The history of technology holds some salutary lessons for anyone who blithely believes there is a high-tech fix for all our 21st-century problems
Reality: The definition
Features > Special Issuepp34-35
Even trying to define what we mean by "reality" is fraught with difficulty
Reality: The bedrock of it all
Features > Special Issuep36
Can we explain reality purely in terms of matter and energy, asks Valerie Jamieson
Reality: Is matter real?
Features > Special Issuepp37-46
It's relatively easy to demonstrate what physical reality isn't. It is much harder to work out what it is
Reality: Is everything made of numbers?
Features > Special Issuepp38-39
Dig deep enough into the fabric of reality and you eventually hit a seam of pure mathematics, says Amanda Gefter
Reality: A universe of information
Features > Special Issuep41
What we call reality might actually be the output of a program running on a cosmos-sized quantum computer, says Michael Brooks
Reality: How does consciousness fit in?
Features > Special Issuepp42-43
Some theories hold that reality and consciousness are one and the same. Is the universe really all inside your head, asks Michael Brooks
Reality: How can we know it exists?
Features > Special Issuep45
Proving whether or not reality is an illusion is surprisingly difficult
Reality: The future
Features > Special Issuep47
It's possible that we live in fundamental reality. Future beings almost certainly won't, says Richard Webb
Top 10 most influential popular science books
Opinion > CultureLabp48
Darwin, Hawking, Dawkins… New Scientist readers voted for the 10 popular science books that helped changed the world
How do you make a good prediction?
Opinion > CultureLabp49
Choosing your subject is key to accurate predictions, argues Nate Silver in The Signal and the Noise, but is playing it safe always a good thing?
Will we save the planet to be happy?
Opinion > CultureLabp49
Geographer Eric Lambin comes up with a new way to sell environmentalism in An Ecology of Happiness by linking nature to our own well-being
Feedback: Ig Nobel prize for dead fish
Brain waves in dead salmon, bombs into diamonds, SpeechJammer slams cellphone bores and more
Strike action
The Last Word > Last Word Answerp65
Turning to mush
The Last Word > Last Word Answerp65
Ink blob
The Last Word > Last Word Questionp65
Lane changer
The Last Word > Last Word Questionp65
10 questions every grad should know the answers to…
Careers > Graduate Special
...even if you are afraid to ask. New Scientist delves into the inner recesses of your mind to answers the issues keeping you awake at night
Welcome to the Graduate Careers Special
Careers > Graduate Special
Whether it is expert advice you need specific to your degree subject, inspiration or you just want to apply for a job, we've got it covered
Your personal job consultation
Careers > Graduate Special
Welcome to the New Scientist careers service. We've got ideas to inspire you, advice from the horse's mouth, graduate scheme deadlines and all the relevant stats, split up according to subject


text:
James Edgar (Ed) Smallwood, D.V.M., M.S.
Professor of Gross Anatomy, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences
D.V.M.: Texas A & M University 1969
M.S.: Veterinary Anatomy, Texas A & M University 1972
Phone: (919) 513-6223
Fax: (919) 513-6465
Email: email@example.com
- 1969 - 1981 Instructor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Texas A & M University
- 1981 - 1989 Professor of Anatomy, North Carolina State University
- 1989 - present Alumni Distinguished Professor of Anatomy, North Carolina State University
- 2003 - present Senior Executive Director of the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine Alumni Society
Professional Organizations:
- American Association of Veterinary Anatomists 1972- present, President 1988-89
- World Association of Veterinary Anatomists 1977- present; President 1995 - 1999
- American Veterinary Medical Association 1969- present
- North Carolina Veterinary Medical Association 1981- present
Honor Societies:
- Phi Zeta Honor Society of Veterinary Medicine, National Secretary-Treasurer, 1987- present
- Gamma Sigma Delta Honor Society of Agriculture, NC State Chapter Treasurer, 2003- present
- Phi Kappa Phi
Teaching Awards:
- Texas Veterinary Medical Association Faculty Achievement Award for Teaching 1973
- Texas A & M University Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award for Teaching 1978
- Norden Distinguished Teacher Award 1978
- North Carolina State University SVM, Class of 1986 Outstanding Teacher Award 1983
- North Carolina State University SVM Class of 1988 Outstanding Teacher Award 1985, 1999
- North Carolina State University Alumni Outstanding Teacher Award 1985
- North Carolina State University Alumni Distinguished Professor Award 1989
- Second Place Winner, Student AVMA National Teaching Excellence Award in Basic Sciences, 1998
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine's Nominee for Board of Governors' Award for Excellence in Teaching, 1998, 2001
- Board of Governors' Award for Excellence in Teaching for NC State University, 2001
Primary Areas of Research Interest:
- Radiographic Anatomy
- Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- A Guided Tour of Veterinary Anatomy: Domestic Ungulates and Laboratory Mammals, 390 pp., W. B. Saunders, Co., 1992.
- A Guided Tour of Veterinary Anatomy: Domestic Ungulates, Y2K Edition, 359 pp, Laser Image Publishing Company, July, 1999.
Book Chapters:
- Chapter 27: Prostate Gland and Testes: Orchiectomy of Descended and Retained Testes in the Dog and Cat and Biopsy of the Testis. With S. W. Crane and C. J. G. Wensing, In Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 2nd ed., M. J. Bojrab, ed., Lea & Febiger Co., 1983.
- Chapter 8: Digestive System. In Atlas of Feline Anatomy for Veterinarians, L. C. Hudson and W. Hamilton, eds., W. B. Saunders Co., 1993.
- Chapter 46: Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Horse. With K. A. Spaulding, In Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 2nd ed, D. E. Thrall ed., W. B. Saunders Co., 1994.
- Chapter 47: Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Horse. With K. A. Spaulding, In Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 3rd ed, D. E. Thrall ed., W. B. Saunders Co., 1998.
- Chapter 50: Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Horse. With K. A. Spaulding, In Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 4th ed, D. E. Thrall ed., W. B. Saunders Co., 2002.
A Comparative Study of Selected Bones of the Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) with Efforts to Resolve the Status of the Ingutuk , A Mongraph Prepared for the Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough, Barrow, Alaska (includes gross, radiographic, computed tomographic, and light microscopic studies), 184 pages, 125 illustrations, June, 1996.
Selected Publications:
- Smallwood, J. E. and Kelly, E. J.: A Xeroradiographic Study of Osteochondrosis in the Metacarpophalangeal Region of Two Quarterhorse Foals, Veterinary Radiology 32, No. 1 (1992), 26-34.
- George, T. F. and Smallwood, J. E.: Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Head and Neck, Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 33, No. 4 (1992), 217-240.
- Smallwood, J. E. and George, T. F.: Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Thorax and Cranial Abdomen, Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 34, No. 2 (1993), 65-84.
- Smallwood, J. E. and George, T. F.: Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Caudal Abdomen and Pelvis, Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 34, No. 3 (1993), 143-167.
- Gayle, J. M., MacHarg, M. A., and Smallwood, J. E.: Strangulating obstruction caused by intestinal herniation through the proximal aspect of the cecocolic fold in 9 horses, Veterinary Surgery 30 (2001), 40-43.
- Rogers, G. M., Capucille, D. J., Poore, M. H., Maas, J. and Smallwood, J. E.: Growth Performance of Cattle Following Percutaneous Liver Biopsy Utilizing Schackelford-Courtney Biopsy Instrument, The Bovine Practitioner, 35, No.2 (2001): 177-184.
- Smallwood, J. E., Wood, B. C., Taylor, W. E. and Tate, L. P.: Anatomic Reference for Computed Tomography of the Head of the Foal, Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 43 (2002): 99-117.
- Tomlinson, J. E., Redding, W. R., Berry, C., and Smallwood, J. E. Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Equine Tarsus, Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 44 (2003): 174-178.
- Smallwood, James E.: The Veterinary Teacher: An Anatomist's Comments on Learning and Teaching, Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 31, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 79-82.
Other Recognitions:
- North Carolina State Academy of Outstanding Teachers, Chairman 1992-93
- North Carolina State Faculty Senate, Chairman 1986-87
- North Carolina State Teaching Effectiveness and Evaluation Committee, Chairman 1989-91
- Rotary Club of North Raleigh, President 1993-94
- President's Award 1990
- Outstanding Rotarian Award 1994
- Special Service Award 1995
- Communities in Schools of Wake County, Board of Directors 1994 - 2000
- National Phi Zeta President's Award for 14 years of Service as Secretary-Treasurer, 2001
- North Carolina Veterinary Medical Association Distinguished Veterinarian Award, 2002


text:
You can report an unsanitary condition, missing or broken safety equipment, or improper maintenance at a beach, pool, or sauna.
During West Nile Virus season (April 1- October 31), you can file a standing water complaint about a residential pool that might be attracting mosquitoes.
Dirty water at a beach, pool, or spa, or a swimming-related illness
Missing or broken safety equipment or signs at a beach, pool, sauna, steam room, or spa
A missing or inadequate fence around a pool
A private beach, pool, or sauna that is poorly maintained
A private beach, pool, or sauna that has no permit
A public beach that is poorly maintained


text:
Valerie Adams has won the World Indoor championships Shot Put in Istanbul, Turkey with a personal best indoor performance and national record of 20.54 metres.
Adams took the lead in the second round with a throw of 20.48 metres, and held it throughout the competition until when she unleashed an indoor personal best of 20.54 metres with the final throw of the competition.
Nadzeya Ostapchuk from Belarus finished second with Michelle Carter in third on 19.58 metres.
The win completes Adams set of current world titles.
She now holds the current Olympic, World championship and World Indoor Championship titles as well as being the current Commonwealth, Continental Cup and Diamond League champion.
She is now unbeaten since August 2010 and leads 16 - 15 in head to head clashes with her fierce rival, Ostapchuk.
"I'm very happy to take this title back from Ostapchuk in the Olympic Year" said Adams, who won the indoor title in 2008, but lost it to the Belarusian in 2010.
1 694 Valerie ADAMS NZL 20.54 AR
2 530 Nadzeya OSTAPCHUK BLR 20.42
3 799 Michelle CARTER USA 19.58 SB
4 798 Jillian CAMARENA-WILLIAMS USA 19.44
5 614 Nadine KLEINERT GER 19.29
6 553 Xiangrong LIU CHN 18.63 SB
7 734 Evgeniia KOLODKO RUS 18.57
8 742 Irina TARASOVA RUS 18.54


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 18.104.22.168
Moderators: incrediBILL & martinibuster
Presumably they had less cheques to mail for month of June.
The 6 week wait for it to clear annoys me.
Yes, takes a while to clear an international cheque, and apparantly you get charged something like $40 (depending on your bank).
Would you mind telling me which bank you are using, and if you have a special account for US cheques or something? I'm thinking of putting mine in the National Bank, but as they charge like wounded bulls for everything else, then I can't see US cheques being any different.
This is why I stopped using banks :-D
Las VegasOctober 6-8, 2015


text:
A method for adjusting with high precision the width of gaps between micromachined structures or devices in an epitaxial reactor environment. Providing a partially formed micromechanical device, comprising a substrate layer, a sacrificial layer including silicon dioxide deposited or grown on the substrate and etched to create desired holes and/or trenches through to the substrate layer, and a function layer deposited on the sacrificial layer and the exposed portions of the substrate layer and then etched to define micromechanical structures or devices therein. The etching process exposes the sacrificial layer underlying the removed function layer material. Cleaning residues from the surface of the device, then epitaxially depositing a layer of gap narrowing material selectively on the surfaces of the device. The selection of deposition surfaces determined by choice of materials and the temperature and pressure of the epitaxy carrier gas. The gap narrowing epitaxial deposition continues until a desired gap width is achieved, as determined by, for example, an optical detection arrangement. Following the gap narrowing step, the micromachined structures or devices may be released from their respective underlying sacrificial layer.
1-18. (Canceled).
19. A device comprising:
a top layer having at least two opposing faces; and
at least two epitaxially deposited layers, each of the at least two epitaxially deposited layers situated on a respective one of the at least two opposing faces, a combined thickness of the at least two epitaxially deposited layers tuning a gap between the at least two opposing faces.
20. The device of
21. The device of
22. The device of
a substrate layer; and
a sacrificial layer deposited on a first portion of the substrate layer;
wherein the top layer includes at least one function layer epitaxially deposited on at least a second portion of the sacrificial layer.
23. The device as recited in
a further sacrificial layer arranged below the substrate layer;
wherein the further sacrificial layer is released from the substrate layer by exposing the device to gaseous hydrogen.
24. The device of
the sacrificial layer includes silicon dioxide; and
during the deposition of the gap narrowing layer, deposition on the sacrificial layer is selectively avoided by adjusting at least one of a temperature, a pressure, and a gas composition of the epitaxial reactor.
25. The device of
26. The device of
27. The device of
28. The device of
29. The device of
The present invention relates to manufacture of micromechanical structures, and relates in particular to a method for narrowing a gap between micromachined structures on a device during manufacture in an epitaxial reactor.
A method of depositing structural layers during manufacture of surface-micromachined devices sometimes involves the use of an epitaxial reactor. Epitaxy is a process for production of layers of monocrystalline layers of silicon over a single crystal substrate, and for forming polycrystalline silicon layers over other substrate materials, for instance SiO2 films on silicon substrates. Epitaxial reactors may be operated with precisely controlled temperature and environmental conditions to ensure uniform deposition and chemical composition of the layer(s) being deposited on the target substrate. In addition to the precise control, use of an epitaxial reactor may permit build-up of layers on a substrate at significantly higher rates than typically found with LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) systems.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,318,175 discusses an approach to using epitaxial deposition to create a micromachined device such as a rotation sensor.
While the foregoing micromachining operations or similar processes may provide acceptable products for many applications, some applications may require finer width gaps between the micromachined elements on the device than can be provided by this process. Some applications may require, for instance, obtaining higher working capacitances and/or electrostatic forces between micromachined structures. While etching very narrow trenches to obtain desired narrow gaps has been attempted, these methods may require slower etch rates, may be limited in aspect ratio, and may be subject to limitations of the lithography and etching process. Similarly, germanium has been applied to produce narrow gaps, however, this process may have process compatibility limitations.
Accordingly, there is a need for a process for manufacturing devices which provides product with inter-element gaps that may be precisely defined or "tuned" to meet the device design objectives, while still maintaining satisfactory production rates.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for precisely controlling the gap between micromechanical elements on a device, or "gap tuning," begins with a partially formed micromechanical device, which may comprise a substrate layer of, for example monocrystalline silicon or a SiGe mixture. A sacrificial layer of, for example, SiO2 may be deposited on the substrate layer. A functional layer of, for example, epitaxially deposited silicon, may be etched after application to define micromechanical structures or devices thereon.
Once the elements of the micromechanical structure or device have been defined in the function layer and the sacrificial layer, in situ cleaning of the device within the epitaxial reactor may be performed. The cleaning may be performed, for example, with hydrogen (H2) to remove surface oxides, and/or with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove silicon residues and surface imperfections resulting from the trench etching process. Following the cleaning step, gap tuning may be performed by selectively depositing an epitaxially-grown layer of silicon on the surface of the partially completed device, and in particular on the sides of the previously etched trenches defining the micromechanical elements in the function layer. As the gap-tuning layer is deposited, the gap width may be monitored, for example with an optical end-point detection system The gap tuning deposition may be halted when the inter-element gap has been narrowed to the desired extent.
The precision control of the width of the gaps between the micromechanical elements on a device in the foregoing manner may provide several advantages including: ready compatibility with an epitaxial environment and standard epitaxy equipment; high production rates due to the high layer deposition rates that may be achieved in an epitaxial reactor; and ready adaptability to use of different materials to be deposited on the micromachined device, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, a SiGe mixture, pure germanium, or silicon carbide. Furthermore, the deposited layers may be in situ doped.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for gap tuning a micromachined structure or device is provided. As shown in the cross-section view in
The partially formed device may then receive an epitaxially deposited function layer 4 of, for example, silicon, as shown in the cross-section view
With the partially formed device manufactured to the point of having the trenches 7 etched through functional layer 4, the process of altering the width of the gaps between micromechanical elements 8 to precisely the desired gap may proceed. If a SiO2 hard mask is present as a result of prior device fabrication steps, it may remain in place on the device, as it may be removed during the subsequent micromechanical element release steps, and it may minimize the deposition of gap-filling material on the upper surfaces of the device, where it may not be needed.
Following the cleaning steps, the gap tuning process may continue with deposition of an epitaxially grown layer of material such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, germanium, and/or SiGe on the partially formed device. The preferred choice of material to be epitaxially deposited may be determined by the nature of the material to be coated and the geometry of the gap to be narrowed. For example, the function layer may be formed from monocrystalline silicon. The preferred gap narrowing material may be carried in the epitaxial environment by an H2 flow. The environmental parameters of the H2 flow, including temperature, pressure, and the chemical composition of the gap narrowing material, may be varied to achieve selective deposition of the gap narrowing material on the various regions of the device. For example, if silicon is to be deposited to narrow the trenches 7, one of silane, dichlorosilane, or trichlorosilane may be provided. HCl may be included to cause the silicon deposition to be more selective, i.e., to cause the silicon to deposit on the surfaces of the micromechanical elements 8 formed in function layer 4, but not on the exposed surfaces of the SiO2 of sacrificial layer 2.
An illustration of this selective deposition is shown in
The termination of epitaxial deposition of gap narrowing material may be controlled in a variety of ways. For example, the gap narrowing deposition process may proceed in a step-wise fashion, with periodic halts to permit close examination of the extent of gap narrowing thus far achieved. Preferably, the gap narrowing material deposition may be completed in one step, with periodic or continuous monitoring of gap width occurring throughout the formation of deposition layer 13. Such in-process gap width monitoring and deposition termination control may be performed by an optical end-point detection system. An optical system suitable for use with the present invention may detect gap thickness by, for example, looking at an interference pattern of reflected light from the surface of the device. Alternatively, as in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
An illustration of non-selective deposition in accord with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Following completion of the gap narrowing process, micromechanical elements 8 may be released from their underlying columns of sacrificial layer material using any method. Metals may be added to the device after the gap tuning and prior to micromechanical element release process steps.
In an alternative exemplary embodiment an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) wafer may be utilized. The insulator layer of the SOI wafer may form a sacrificial layer and a top silicon layer of the SOI wafer may form the top layer.
While the present invention has been described in connection with the foregoing representative embodiment, it should be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the representative embodiment is exemplary in nature and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection for the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Referenced by
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