text:
1. The Society
a. The name Society shall be "the Islamic Society of Lancaster University", hereafter referred to as "the Islamic Society". The Islamic Society shall be located at the University of Lancaster.
b. The Islamic Society shall be associated to Lancaster University Students' Union (LUSU) subject to conditions set out in Section 27 of the union Constitution. As such the Society agrees to abide by the Union Constitution, its Bye-laws, the LUSU Safety Framework and all other Union policies.
c. The Islamic Society may affiliate to external bodies subject to the approval of the Union Council (see section 20 of the Union Constitution).
d. The Islamic Society must be made of Muslim members as its majority.
2. Definitions
a. Definition of the Islamic Society: The Islamic Society exists to uphold Islamic teachings in accordance with Al-Quran and Sunnah of the last and final Prophet, Muhammad (SAW).
b. Definition of a Muslim:
* A Muslim is a person who believes in the Oneness of Allah, the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW) as the last of the prophets and that there can be no Messenger and / or Nabi after him, the Day of Judgement and the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
* Practising Islam as a way of life.
3. Aims
a. The Islamic Society shall exist to:
* Uphold Islamic teachings in accordance with Al-Quran and Sunnah of the last and final Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
* Encourage and provide the right atmosphere and facilities for Muslims to worship (ibadah) and fulfil their obligations to Allah (SWT).
* Support and protect the interests of Islam and Muslims.
* Organise academic, social and sporting activities among members.
4. Membership
a. Membership of the Society is open to all members of Lancaster University Students Union, and falls into two categories, full and associate.
* Full Members: Full membership is open to all Muslim students who agree to uphold the cause of the Islamic Society and to follow Islam as a way of life.
* Associate Members: Associate membership is open to all non-Muslim. Associate membership is confirmed on application to and approval by the Executive Committee.
b. Membership is provisional until the payment of the membership fee is made, as determined by the Executive Committee.
c. All members may attend and speak at meetings (see section 9).
d. The Executive Committee reserves the right to refuse or revoke membership of an individual for breaching this constitution, the Societys Safety Code Of Practise, the LUSU Safety Framework or bringing the Society into disrepute, subject to the complaints procedure set out in section 11 of this constitution.
5. Organisational Structure
a. The Organisational Structure of the Islamic Society shall consist of:
* The General Assembly
* The Executive Committee
* The Shura (Advisory Council)
* The Sub-Committees
b. The General Assembly
i. The supreme governing body of the Islamic Society shall be the General Assembly (GA) which has the final authority in all affairs.
ii. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Full Members of the Islamic Society.
iii. The General Assembly shall elect the Executive Committee and has the power to dismiss it on the advice of the Shura (Advisory Council).
c. The Executive Committee
i. The General Administrative body of the Islamic Society shall be the Executive Committee, hereafter referred to as the EXCO.
ii. The Islamic Society EXCO shall consist of:
¤ The President
¤ Vice President
¤ General Secretary
¤ Treasurer
¤ Social and Welfare Secretary
¤ Dawah Secretary
¤ Publicity Secretary
¤ Womens Affairs Representative
1) The members of the EXCO shall be elected by the Full members of the Islamic Society at the Annual General Meeting (AGM).
2) The EXCO shall be elected from amongst the Full Members of the Islamic Society by a simple majority vote.
3) The term of office of the EXCO shall be one year.
4) All members of the EXCO are eligible for re-election.
5) The EXCO can be dismissed by a two-third (2/3) majority of the General Assembly.
iii. Rules for the EXCO
1) The Quorum for an EXCO meeting shall be two-third (2/3) of its EXCO members before valid decisions shall be taken.
2) The EXCO shall normally take decisions by consensus. In case of a division, matters shall be decided by a majority of votes.
3) The President shall have a casting vote.
iv. Responsibilities and Powers of the EXCO (see section 6)
d. The Shura (Advisory Council)
i. Membership of the Shura Council shall be from people who have the sound knowledge of Islam and other appropriate knowledge (see Appendix I for names list).
ii. The Shura Council shall act as the advisory of consultative body on any policy matters brought up or introduced by the EXCO, especially on matters related to Islamic jurisprudence.
iii. The EXCO Islamic Society shall not be at the same time be part of the Shura Council.
6. The Duties and Responsibilities of the Executive Committee
a. The EXCO collectively, and its members individually shall have the responsibility to ensure that:
* All affairs are being conducted in accordance with Islamic principles and the aims of the Islamic Society.
* Suitable and effective policies and programmes are being adopted and implemented in consultation with the Shura (Advisory Council) for the achievement of the aims.
* The Constitution is being followed completely.
b. The EXCO is the sole body to accept and approve application for membership, acceptance being based on satisfying membership conditions.
c. The responsibility of the EXCO shall be to carry out the decisions and resolutions of the General Assembly and to run efficiently the affairs of the Islamic Society.
i. The EXCO shall be responsible for implementing the recommendations, raised by the General Assembly.
d. The EXCO shall have the power to appoint Sub-Committees
i. Any member of the EXCO shall be responsible for all the affairs of any Sub-Committee under his office.
ii. Descriptions and responsibilities of Sub-Committees (see Appendix II).
e. The EXCO shall be empowered to appoint, in consultation with the Shura (Advisory Council), any Full Members to vacancies which may occur and they shall hold office until the completion of that the term of office falls due.
f. The EXCO must act as a single body, each member taking all decisions in consultation with the President and other members of the Executive Committee.
g. The Islamic Society shall be administered by an annually elected EXCO who shall have duties and responsibilities set out below:
i. President: who shall
¤ Be the Head and Spokesman of the Islamic Society.
¤ Preside at all meetings of the Executive Committee.
¤ Be responsible for planning, organising, directing and controlling the affairs of the Islamic Society in its best interests in accordance with the principles stated in section 2.
¤ Be the primary representative of the Society to the Union, the University and to external bodies.
¤ Co-ordinate and oversee the activities of both the Executive and the Society as a whole.
¤ Attend the Societies Council and other relevant meetings.
¤ Oversee the safety aspects of all Society activities and ensure that the LUSU Safety Framework and the Societys Safety Code of Practise is adhered to, and give specific responsibility for this area to a designated member of the Executive Committee (see paragraph 14.c).
¤ Delegate or assign specific responsibility to a designated member of the Executive Committee or Full members.
ii. Vice-President: who shall
¤ Assist and advise the President with the activities of the Islamic Society, and carrying all duties as per paragraph 6.g.i.
¤ Replace the President in his absence.
iii. Treasurer: who shall
¤ Plan, generate, and control the financial affairs of the Islamic Society, with the consultancy of the President.
¤ Keep proper record and account of the Islamic Societys income, expenditure and assets.
¤ Collect the Islamic Societys dues, pay all the expenses incurred by the Islamic Society and, deposit money or monies of the Islamic Society in the appropriate bank(s) designated by the EXCO.
¤ Apply for the Student Union grant (each year or term).
¤ Be responsible for the collection and distribution of Zakat, and other sadaqah.
¤ Maintain good order of the Society Finances and ensure that the Union Financial Regulations are adhered to.
¤ Maintain an up to date account of all financial transactions.
¤ Advise the Executive on expenditure of the budget.
¤ Prepare a statement of revenue and expenditure, and a plan of the proposed annual budget to be presented at the Annual General Meeting and the Student Union for ratification.
iv. General Secretary: who shall
¤ Be concerned with the general administrative co-ordination and organisation of the Islamic Societys affairs.
¤ Call all meetings and be responsible for sending out invitation to all members.
¤ Deal with all external correspondence of the Islamic Society, except for general correspondence between any of the EXCO members and the members of the Islamic Society.
¤ Circulate agendas and take minutes at meetings and minutes of such meetings to the membership.
¤ Keep proper record of all correspondence, minutes of each and every meeting and particulars of Full and Associate members.
¤ Be responsible for administration of matters relating to subscriptions and liaising appropriately with the Treasurer.
¤ Informing the membership of other appropriate information as and when necessary.
¤ Be responsible for the ordering and maintenance of all Society equipment.
¤ Prepare the annual report of the Islamic Society at the Annual General Meeting (AGM)
v. Social and Welfare Secretary: who shall
¤ Plan and organise social gatherings, particularly on important Islamic occasions under the direction of the Executive Committee.
¤ Arrange sports and recreational activities amongst the members of the Islamic Society.
¤ Co-ordinate joint programmes of co-operation between the Islamic Society and other Islamic and non-Islamic communities.
¤ Ensure that the safety aspects of such activities are satisfactorily addressed (based on section 14).
¤ Maintain good order at all social/activities.
¤ Be responsible for the general welfare of the members of the Islamic Society.
¤ Deal with the welfare problems of individual members including cases involving health issues and any related matter that directly affects the members welfare.
vi. Dawah Secretary: who shall
¤ Provide the facilities and organise activities for:
o Regular prayers, including Friday (Jumuah), Taraweeh, Eid, etc.
o Regular and occasional classes and lectures for Muslims
¤ Encourage and increase the level of brotherhood between Muslims.
¤ Increase the Muslims awareness of the challenges and problems faced by the Muslims.
¤ Organise activities in collaboration with the Social and Welfare Secretary that encourage the inactive Muslims to become involved in the activities of the Islamic Society.
¤ Propagate Islam and organise activities for non-Muslims.
¤ Other activities which the EXCO deem as being complementary to the major activities of the Islamic Society.
vii. Publicity Secretary: who shall
¤ Act as the Chief Editor of the Islamic Societys publications (newsletters, bulletins, etc.).
¤ Handle the printing of all the Islamic Societys publications.
¤ Plan, co-ordinate, maintain and improve the resources of the Islamic Societys library (including books, publications, audio, video cassettes etc.).
¤ Ensure the information on the Islamic Society website is accurate and current.
¤ Ensure the website is running properly.
¤ Ensure the website does not violate LUSU or University policies of the law.
¤ Announce the latest updates and news on the web and via email.
¤ Ensure the mailing list is active and secure.
viii. Womens Affairs Representative: who should be a woman shall
¤ Represent, plan and co-ordinate the womens affairs.
¤ A sub-committee of the women affairs shall be form to carry out the sisters functions.
h. In the absence of any member of the Executive, their duties may be delegated to another Executive member. Alternatively a full member may be co-opted to fulfil such duties, subject to the approval of a general meeting.
i. EXCO shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting and shall take office from the last day of the Summer Term.
j. Failure of EXCO to carry out the duties conferred on them by this constitution or by resolutions of Society meetings, without reasonable excuse, will be grounds for suspension or motion of no confidence of the officer concerned.
i. Any EXCO who fail to attend two consecutive general meetings, without acceptable written apology, shall be deemed to have resigned and a by-election shall be held.
k. The EXCO and the relationship of the External Institutions (see Appendix III).
7. Finance
a. The Finance shall be derived from the subscription of the members, donations of the members, donations and grant of the Lancaster University Student Representative Council.
b. Acceptance of any other donations and other contributions from 7.1 need the approval of the Executive Committee, and the Islamic Society shall not enter into political dealings whatsoever in this respect.
c. All cheques must be signed by at least two EXCO members, whom they are the President, Treasurer and General Secretary.
d. The financial Statements (of assets, incomes and expenditures), to be presented by the EXCO at the end of the financial year (Summer Term), shall be approved by the Internal Auditors first, and then offered for acceptance by the General Assembly at the Annual General Meeting.
8. General Meetings
a. General meetings must be held at least twice a year, one shall take place in June before the end of the academic year, the other at the beginning of the academic year.
b. 8.2 Additional meetings can be held if the EXCO deem them necessary, or if a request is made by one-third (1/3) of all full members.
c. 8.3 The EXCO must send out letters to all members at least a minimum of seven working days before the meeting specifying the date and the purpose of the meeting.
d. 8.4 An emergency meeting can be called only if the EXCO deem it necessary or if a request is made by one-third (1/3) of all full members.
i. Emergency meetings shall only discuss the matter for which the meeting was called. It shall not be able to transact any financial business or amend the constitution.
e. General meetings may be considered quorate if one-third (1/3) of all full members are present, except at meetings intended for elections or amendments to the constitutions, where two-third (2/3) are required.
f. If a meeting is not quorate the EXCO shall establish a date for another meeting within seven working days of the first. This second meeting shall be considered legal, even if not quorate.
g. Any elected officer may have a motion of suspension of no confidence placed in her/him at a General meeting and a qualified majority shall be required to sustain it.
9. Elections
a. Voting for the President and the Treasurer elect shall take place in June before the end of the academic year. The rest of the EXCO members shall be elected by general approval during the by-election general meeting at the beginning of the new academic year.
b. Any Full Member is eligible to stand for election.
c. All members can nominate any Full Member for a particular post, which shall be seconded by any other member.
d. All members shall vote.
e. Voting shall be by secret ballot for President, Treasurer and Womens Affairs Representative positions.
f. Each person may cast one vote, and the election shall be on the basis of a simple majority.
g. The order of the election of the EXCO shall be as follows:
i. The election of two Internal Auditors and one Temporary Chairman for General Assembly Meetings chosen by the General Assembly from Full members.
ii. The President, then the Treasurer and the Womens Affairs Representative in the first election (see 9.a).
iii. Vice President, General Secretary, Social and Welfare Secretary, Dawah Secretary, Publicity Secretary, in the second election.
h. The running of all Society elections shall be the responsibility of the Temporary Chairman.
i. All officers elected at this time should attend training offered by the LUSU Student Activities Office.
j. Candidates who wish to be nominated but are unable to attend must send written confirmation of the intention to stand. If no confirmation is received, exclusion for the election will result.
k. Any objections to nominations or complaints must be made to the appointed Temporary Chairman before voting commences.
10. Resignation
a. On the premature resignation of the President, the Vice-President will act in his office until such time as the General Assembly elect a new President. The entire EXCO shall not resign on the resignation of the President.
b. If one, two or three members of the EXC resign at any one time, then replacement shall be elected by the General Assembly with any reshuffling that may be necessary.
c. In case of any resignation, the EXCO shall not leave the office vacant for more than three (3) weeks, assuming the resignation does not take place within two months of the end of the elected term of office.
d. On the resignation of four (4) or more of the EXCO members, the EXCO members that remain must call for an emergency general meeting, dissolve the EXCO and call for new election. The procedure is as described in section 9.
11. Disciplinary Procedures
a. The EXCO may propose and take disciplinary procedure against any member who acts in contravention to the aims of the Islamic Society, in particular the constitution. This may result in expulsion from the Islamic Society.
b. Disciplinary procedure against any EXCO member may result in compulsory resignation from the EXCO and expulsion from the Islamic Society.
c. Disciplinary actions may not be taken unless the charges are adequately proven, and the accused has the right of a fair hearing and appeal before the General Assembly.
12. Complaints
a. Any complaints about the running or operations of the Society should initially be discussed with the President and then follow the procedures set out in bye-law 26 of the Union Constitution.
13. Constitution
a. Any amendment of the Constitution deemed necessary shall be proposed to the EXCO and must be approved by two-third (2/3) of Full members at a General Meeting, before this may into effect.
14. Safety
a. The Society must adhere to the LUSU Safety Framework at all times. Copies of this will be distributed at appropriate times throughout the year. Failure to abide by this framework may result in disciplinary action.
b. The Society shall have a Safety Code of Practise that shall be reviewed annually. This code shall be shown to each member before they subscribe to the Society and be made readily available throughout the year.
c. It is the duty and responsibility of the President to ensure that the Safety Framework and Safety Code of Practise are enforced in all Society activities.
d. The President and/or Social and Welfare Secretary shall attend an annual Duty of Care Briefing held by LUSU Student Activities Office in Michaelmas Term.
Appendix I: Muftis List
Appendix II: Descriptions and Responsibilities of Sub-Committees
a. Unit-based organisation:
i. The Islamic Society committee is divided into a number of sub-committees (units), each unit has their own specific focus and responsibility.
ii. The units generally work independently, however there is a level of interaction (this depends upon the activity that is being organised).
iii. All units are responsible and are supported by the core committee that comprises of the main positions (President, Vice President, General Secretary, and Womens Affairs Representative) which is lead by the President.
iv. The aim of the structure is to spread the workload, allow committee members to focus on a particular area of work and to ensure that all-important areas of concern are dealt with.
v. The units are as follows:
¤ Core
¤ Finance
¤ Welfare
¤ Dawah
¤ Publicity & PR / Education
¤ Prayer Room
¤ Student Politics
¤ Project Organisers
b. 1. Description / Responsibilities of Units
i. Core Committee: Responsible for co-ordinating major decision and planning, supporting and developing the Islamic Society and its committee members.
¤ Overall planning of events / activities.
¤ Ensure units are working well.
¤ Co-ordinate decisions making.
¤ Vision / goals of the Islamic Society, develop the Islamic Society.
¤ Work with other organisations e.g. FOSIS.
¤ Committee members: recruit, develop.
¤ Other projects: think-tank, etc.
ii. Finance: Responsible for organising the accounts and the Islamic Societys spending and income.
¤ Accounts: organised, correct and presented to the committee.
¤ LUSU: Grant, liaise with LUSU Finance when needed.
¤ Economic Development (raise capital): sponsorship, donations, stall, new methods.
¤ Islamic Society: liaise with units, allocate finance, claim forms, receipts, accounts of events.
¤ Debts: collect, allocate, set procedure.
iii. Project Organisers: Responsible for organising the major one-off events.
¤ Responsible in organising and co-ordinating the major one-off events (Welcome dinner, Ramadan, etc.).
¤ Research events: previous reports, speak to members.
¤ Work with other units.
iv. Welfare: Responsible for forming brotherhood / sisterhood, and supporting members academically and socially.
¤ Form and enhance brotherhood / sisterhood.
¤ Support / take care of freshers.
¤ Assist / support the Muslim students academically and socially.
¤ To achieve this by:
o Social events (trips),
o Sports / recreational activity,
o Academic support (e.g. buddy system, organisational skills seminars, etc.).
v. Education: Responsible for educating our members.
¤ Educate members of their duties / responsibilities as Muslims and how to carry out such duties.
¤ Remind members of important times and issues.
¤ Organise Jumuah Prayer.
¤ To achieve this by:
o Study classes, e.g. worship, Arabic, etc.
o Talks.
o Day / longer educational courses / programmes.
o Articles / newsletter / website.
o Talks / gathering regarding special days / dates.
vi. Publicity and PR: Responsible for publishing the society and its events, and understanding the needs and ideas of our members.
¤ Publicise the society (generally) and all events.
¤ Produce posters, flyers, booklets, tickets, etc.
¤ Registration of members, register at beginning of year and regular occasions, hand form to LUSU.
¤ Email the members.
¤ Website: update, improve, gather information from other units and sources.
¤ Newsletter: produce on a regular basis, gather information from other units and sources.
¤ Contribute to the SCAN and LUSU website.
¤ Views of our members: e.g. reps, suggestions boxes, questionnaires.
vii. Dawah: Responsible for attracting non-Muslims, informing and educating them.
¤ Non-Muslims: attract, inform and educate about Islam.
¤ To achieve this by:
o Regular talks.
o Stalls.
o Articles.
o Other projects.
o Dawah training.
o Website / newsletter.
o Information packs.
viii. World Issues: Responsible for educating Muslims and non-Muslims of historical and current affairs.
¤ Muslims and non-Muslims: educate regarding current / historical affairs.
¤ Raise money for charity.
¤ Co-ordinate campaigns: not to buy certain products.
¤ Work with other societies.
ix. Student Politics: Responsible to represent the needs / views of the Muslim students to the LUSU and NUS.
¤ Motions: propose, support, oppose.
¤ To encourage members to be more active in the LUSU, e.g. vote, have NUS cards and to stand for positions.
¤ Work with LUSU.
¤ Work with other societies.
x. Prayer Room: Responsible for making the prayer room look presentable and informing students as to its location.
¤ Prayer room: maintain, clean, organise (room, shelves, cupboard).
¤ Provide refreshments.
¤ Security: improve general security, deal with thefts, lost property, etc.
¤ Improve state of prayer room: paint, furnish (deal with the Estates).
¤ Inform members of the location of prayer room, signs, etc.
¤ Library: organise / purchase books, magazines, cassettes.
¤ Islamic / Islamic Society literature: present.
¤ Notice boards: (organise / present) liaise with Publicity.
Appendix III: The EXCO and the relationship of the External Institutions (Management of the Chaplaincy Centre)
a. Wherever possible, representatives nominated by the EXCO shall participate in the management of the Chaplaincy Centre. In particular they shall represent the Islamic Society at Chaplaincy Centre Committee Meetings.
b. The Representatives shall:
i. Represent the interests of the Islamic Society.
¤ Attend to obtaining an accurate record of the minutes of any meetings convened by the Management Committee of the Chaplaincy Centre.
¤ Ensure that the President and other members of the EXCO are kept informed of all pertinent developments.
|Enter your email address here to be kept informed about Islamic Society news and events.
2014/15 ISoc Committee
Ebrahim Mahomed
Male Vice-President:
Rahul Jabed
Female Vice-President:
Jessica Mitchell
General Secretary:
Amalina Taib
Media Officer:
Amirul Ashraf
Danyaal Sabir
Events Officer:
Shabbir Hossain
Male Social Secretary:
Ali Qureshi
Female Social Secretary:
Aisha Bhailok & Maariyah Esat
Da'wah Secretary:
Sanaan Sheikh
ISoc Constitution


text:
DEEP scepticism has greeted claims that pollen from genetically modified maize caused allergies in 39 villagers in the Philippines.
The claims were announced at a fringe meeting of anti-GM campaigners during last week's convention in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to discuss the Cartagena protocol on biosafety. Terje Traavik of the Norwegian Institute for Gene Ecology in Tromsø said the 39 villagers developed fevers, respiratory problems and skin ailments late last year.
Traavik blames exposure to pollen from a nearby field of Dekalb 818 YG, a GM maize developed by Monsanto. In blood samples from the villagers, he found antibodies to Bt toxin, the pesticide Monsanto engineered into the maize to protect it from weevils and moth larvae.
Though Traavik's findings are only preliminary, he says he has publicised them because it is in the public interest to do so. But Monsanto condemned his action as premature. "We think researchers should refrain ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Newsletter for December 6th, 2007
Codename "Operation GOE Freeware Release"
"If you read nothing else on our site, read our BLOG"
1. Newsletter Editorial
Greetings! Darwin here wondering what happened to 2007... I've only *just* gotten used to writing "2007" and it's almost over. At any rate, the onset of December means one of two things - either it's just about winter or it's just about summer! So depending on where you are it's time to stock up on sun creme or on thermal underwear... It's all relative, isn't it?
No matter where you are, December is a busy month. Here at Donationcoder it is no different as we gear up for the holidays and prepare for January's big Donationcoder fundraiser. I can't give too much away, but there are exciting events and discounts being planned, so watch for announcements about them in the next newsletter.
The big news today is that we've just posted 9 new small freeware releases as part of our Getting Organized Experiment (GOE) Coding Challenge. Read more about it in section 2 of the newsletter.
Speaking of the newsletter, we've broken it down into more sections this time, with fewer links in each -- hopefully this will make it a little easier to find stuff that might interest you. Is this an improvement? Please let us know. Actually if you have any suggestions about how we can improve the newsletter, let us know!
Here's a bit of DC trivia for you: Did you know that about 160 new people sign up at our forum every day? And that there are about 90 new posts on the forum every day? If you're having trouble keeping up with all of the activity, who can blame you? No seriously, that's a real question -- make a list of who can blame you and try to get them fired before they rat you out for wasting time at work. Or you might want to bookmark our blog, which highlights a few of the best new topics on the forum every day:
- Visit the DonationCoder Blog
- Are you an RSS reader? Subscribe to the blog rss feed (new!)
2. The Getting Organized Experiment (GOE) 2007 - Massive Freeware Release!
As you probably know, each year we have a little experimental event where people on the forum exchange ideas, systems, and techniques for improving their productivity and time management. This time we decided to ask the coders on our site to contribute by writing brand new little freeware utilities. Well the results have just been posted! 9 brand new little freeware tools to put some extra minutes in your day. There are some real fun ones here so make sure you stop by and check them out.
- Main GOE 2007 Software Release Page with Descriptions
- Check out what other websites are saying about the goe utilities
- Timer Assist - alarm chime sync'd to real time
- CFDButton - add filters to file dialogs
- MyHelp - simple note taking
- SMAU - simple multiple alarm utility
- PlainTextWiki Toolkit - wiki-like stuff for your text editor
- HowLong2It - track how long since you last did something
- AnotherOneDone - motivate yourself to do things
- Evaluweight - compare and weight different options
- Interruptron - track your interruption patterns
And don't forget to join other DC members as they try to find ways to make them more productive. Surf over to the Getting Organized Experiment 2007 board to participate!
3. Your Input Requested
A big welcome to everyone who has joined us in the past month. If you haven't had an opportunity to participate in the forum, we'd love to have your input in the following threads especially:
- Another cody spotting? Caption this picture.
- Rudeness in the DC Forum?
- How often do you reboot your primary workstation?
- What's Your Favorite Productivity or Programming Supplement?
- Recommended Gifts for the Tech Savvy?
- Are you testing XP SP3 RC?
4. Discounts and Giveaways
Congratulations to the ten winners of last month's software draw, each of whom will receive a license for DefenseWall HIPS.
And this month we are giving away 5 copies of Surfulater, a very nice web site surfing helper.
And don't forget! In January we will be having our big annual fundraiser, with TONS TONS TONS of discounts and giveaways for supporting members lined up by DC member cthorpe.
5. Living Room
Join us in the Living Room, where you can let your hair down and post about/discuss topics that don't quite fit in the other categories at Donationcoder.
- Techlife Blog - Nice
- Blog Series: Wiring the house for a Home Network - Part 5 - Gigabit Throughput
- 32bit vs 64bit Vista performance comparison?
- Gamespot Editor Fired for Writing an Honest Review?
- Color Theory - Nice resource
- How good are you at spotting spyware, spam & phishing traps?
- Any old Amiga users among us?
- If you build a new PC, make sure you get 2 HDs: One fast and one big
- Comlplaint: GoodSync free from RoboForm today - NOT!
- Amazon's Kindle eBook Reader - A roundup of opinions
6. Ralf's Top 10
DC member Ralf Maximus has proven to be a wunderkind when it comes to ferreting out strange links from around the web and writing funny top 10 lists. This newsletter sports an entire section devoted to his top 10 lists -- pass them along to your friends.
- Top 10 Signs You May Have Overclocked Your PC Too Much
- Top 10 Signs of a Failing Presentation
- Top 10 Signs You're Coding Too Much
7. Fun, Games and Humour
The Living Room gets crowded, so crowded that it's always necessary to create sub-categories such as this one for the newsletter. Many discussions in the Living Room revolve around games and humour so we're featuring some of the highlights here.including a flash game that requires you to act quickly to save the life of Fred, a stuffed rabbit, who is in cardiac arrest.
- Save Fred!
- Downloadable Game: Secret Maryo Chronicles - make your own levels too
- Looking for Beta Testers for Satanic Music Detector
- Pop Quiz: Strange questions from kids
- Gender Genie!
- Animal Crossing Tragedy: File Under "The Emotional Power of Video Games"
- Interesting Signs
- Procrastination Flowchart
- Inspirational Star Trek Posters
8. General Software Discussion
You'll find lots of opinions, requests for assistance, suggestions, and general commentary on software at Donationcoder and much of it can be found on the General Software Discussion board. This and the two sections that follow are just some of the highlights from the General Software Discussion board from the past two weeks.
- What are the MAJOR linux players?
- Why the Windows Registry Exists
- .NET Application Startup Times
- How to: Pimp your Ubuntu!
- Noah is almost fantastic, but what is it?
- Ghacks post: "Why I decided to uninstall my Antivirus software"
- Gizmo Is Looking for A Few Volunteers to help edit software wikis
9. Specific Software Discussions
If you're interested in a particular application, you'll probably find one or more threads devoted to it in the General Software Discussion. Here are some highlights from the past couple of weeks, with a bit of an emphasis on the ongoing MS Vista controversy.
- Leopard is the New Vista, and It's Pissing Me Off
- Shut Up About Vista, Already
- Going back to XP
- Electric Sheep: Great and unique collaborative screensaver
- Substrate: Great modern art screensaver
- VectorMagic: Convert Bitmaps into Vector Art (Free)
- FileBox eXtender now works under Vista
- FastKake - create a ton of useful shortcuts to do things - Great with FARR
- Skin Your Shutdown
- Winamp 5.5 is fantastic (I thought I'd never say that)
- TweakVista - Tweak all Your Vista settings in one place
10. Software Suggestions Requested
Need to find a utility to extend the functionality of your windows installation? Can't narrow down your search? Post about it in the General Software board and you'll probably be overwhelmed both by the variety of suggestions and by your respondents' knowledge of the solutions that they suggest. Read below for some recent discussions (and debates!).
- Batch find and replace from text file? Or similar?
- Dual Monitors: Declare Apps which Should Open on the Secondary Monitor
- Hard Drive Diagnostic Software
- Upgraded to 64-bit XP, need virtual CD/DVD drive
- RAM Use Pie Chart?
11. Found Deals and Discounts
Donationcoders love a bargain and are generous in reporting their finds. Here are some recent discounts and deals that have been found and posted about on the forum.
- Visit the found deals and discounts section on the forum
- Visit the members-only discounts section on the forum (special discounts only available to supporting members of the site)
- Techsmith older version of Camtasia Studio (v3) free
- Techsmith older version of snagIt (v7) free
- CyberNet's birthday! And software giveaway!
12. Mini-Reviews by Members
Donationcoder member dhuser has written a mini-review of authorPOINT Lite, an application that allows you to convert Powerpoint presentations into Flash movies. Mini-reviews are a lot of fun to write up and are very helpful to other users. If you've got a favourite application that you'd like to post about, consider doing a mini-review, they are always welcome.
13. Coding Snack Headquarters
Looking for the perfect app to help you be that much more efficient? Can't find it? Why not post your idea on the Coding Snacks Requests board and see if anyone at Donationcoder will to code it for you? That's what coding snacks are all about...
- Visit the GOE 2007 Software release page for 10 new freeware coding snacks
- Software Release: Notepad Poker (Beta)
- Software Release: Quickly save page URL, title and tags to .url
- IDEA: Volume control by time
- IDEA: fitness timer
- IDEA: College Grade Calculator
- IDEA: Screensaver for individual screens
- IDEA: Mirror portion of multi-monitor
- IDEA: Package Tracker
- IDEA: Structured plaintextfile based note taker?
14. Developer's Corner
There's always a lot of activity on the Developer's Corner board. Not a developer? Don't be scared away! You can learn to code yourself in the coding school, and if that doesn't tickle your fancy, your time spent in the developer's corner will not go to waste. This is also where we talk about entrepreneurial and freelancing stuff.
- Nice Blog Essay and Site for Freelancers: 10 Absolute "Nos!" for Freelancers
- [Wanted] Flash boardgame engine / framework
- Visual Studio 2005 or 2008?
- A Funny Blog Posting I Spotted Today
- Dilbert On Agile Programming
- Excellent Editorial on IT Security Philosophy
- Interview with Simple Machines Forum Software Developers
- Beta release of XNA Game Studio 2.0 is now available for you to download
- Look for special Gallery Scripts/Generator for inline thumbnails
- NEW! The DonationCoder N.A.N.Y. 2008 Programming Challenge - Deadline Jan 1, 2008
15. Member's site spotlight - App's Apps
This week we're highlighting long time Donationcoder member (and forum moderator) app103's site. App's been coding for five or six years now and has produced some very nice freeware - everything from a utility to remind you to get up and stretch your legs when you're working on a project to a couple of desktop clocks (she's clearly got a clock obsession). You'll also find links to her other sites, which include a blog and a site called SnailWare site which focuses on software for older pcs.
16. Site of the Month - KarenWare.com
Karen Kenworthy has been writing freeware for almost a decade, and her site KarenWare.com is well known to people who appreciate small tools that do exactly what they say they will. She's got dozens of freeware programs available and you are sure to find something useful there. She also puts out a regular free newsletter (Karen's Power Tools Newsletter). Keep up the great work Karen! We are fans.
The End
That's it for this newsletter. Thank you for reading and see you again in two weeks!


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Memorabilia' started by maximus, Aug 10, 2007.
I got my VY Texas Rose bowl jersey autographed recently. It's gonna be framed.
May sound stupid but is it Vince's Jersey that he wore?? ... during.. the Rose Bowl?
If so ill give you 2k for it LOL
Just a replica I got off eastbay for $30bucks last year. Got VY to sign it on tuesday
Nice work maximus.
It's hard to beat an in person auto, especially when it come to personel value. I'm so jealous of you guys who have the opportunity to grab that stuff. One of these days I'll make the trek to Nashville for a couple of weeks.
Framing a jersey must be pricey, any idea how much it'll run you.
I had an uncut sheet of 95 Topps Stadium Club cards framed (it featured a bunch of rookies including McNair, C Mart, Galloway etc.). It cost me $300 (UV safe glass front and back, triple matting, yadda yadda yadda). Although it's a pretty unique item I'm sure if I attempted to sell it now I'd be lucky to get $100 bucks for it. The brutal part is, it's sitting in a closet... I really should hang that sucker in my office.


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Lex Luthor attacked Superman.
This is a normal answer to the question, Who attacked Superman? But perhaps someone didn't hear you clearly and asked, "Did you say that Lex Luthor attacked a Sumerian?" You might want to answer with a cleft sentence to place the emphasis on the information in question — that is, Lex's intended victim. That cleft sentence would look like this:
No. It was Superman whom Lex Luthor attacked.
This cleft sentence expresses the same information in the original simple sentence — Lex Luthor attacked Superman. — by way of a main clause, It was Superman . . . , and a subordinate clause,
. . . whom Lex Luthor attacked, but places the most important piece of information closer to the beginning of the sentence.
Related to the cleft sentence is the pseudo-cleft sentence, in which the subordinate clause is a relative clause that begins with an interrogative word — who, what, where, and so on — at the beginning. Here's an example:
What Lex Luthor threw at Superman was kryptonite.
If you switch the order of the main clause and relative clause in a pseudo-cleft sentence, you get an inverted pseudo-cleft sentence:
Kryptonite is what Lex Luthor threw at Superman.
Both of the above examples are complex sentences that express the same information that's in the simple sentence, Lex Luthor threw kryptonite at Superman.
Cleft, pseudo-cleft, and inverted pseudo-cleft sentences serve to shift the focus of the sentence to its most important element. This shift is more evident during speech because one naturally emphasizes the word or words that are the most important bits of information.
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‹ Exit photo gallery
Snow in D.C., Maryland and Virginia
Many awakened to a blanket of snow Thursday morning. It was just enough to slick up the roads and cause school delays, but it also made for some beautiful winter scenery...for all sorts of snow-lovers to enjoy.
Fairfax City
(Photo: Wayne Pellenberg /WJLA) fullscreen mode


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Trumbull News Detail
Kent Trumbull Theatre holding auditions September 1 & 2Posted Aug. 2, 2010
The Kent State University at Trumbull Theatre will be holding open auditions on September 1-2, 2010 at 7:00 p.m. for the upcoming production of Jane Wanger's "The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe".
The production provides a hysterical look at women's lives in the 1980s through the eyes of a wise but schizophrenic homeless woman.
Daniel-Raymond Nadon will be directing and is searching for 12 women and three men. The themes involved are adult in nature and no persons under the age of 16 will be considered.
Call 330-675-8887 or e-mail email@example.com for information.


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Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. It is often referred to within the computing industry as DEC (this acronym was frequently officially used by Digital itself, but the trademark was always DIGITAL). Its PDP and VAX products were arguably the most popular minicomputers for the scientific and engineering communities during the 1970s and 1980s. DEC was acquired in June 1998 by Compaq, which subsequently merged with Hewlett-Packard in May 2002. As of 2007 its product lines were still produced under the HP name. From 1957 until 1992 its headquarters was located in an old wool mill in Maynard, Massachusetts.
In the early 1990s, 'Digital' was a successful sponsor of the Ferrari Formula 1 racing team.
Digital Equipment Corporation should not be confused with Digital Research; the two were unrelated, separate entities; or with Western Digital (despite the fact that they made the LSI-11 chipsets used in Digital Equipment Corporation's low end PDP-11/03 computers). Note, however, that there were Digital Research Laboratories where DEC did its corporate research.
The first modules were the free-standing "laboratory modules," placing one or two gates inside an extruded aluminum housing. These modules could be stacked in a preconfigured 19-in rack shelf that supplied power to the modules; the logic circuits were then established using banana plug patch cords installed at the front of the modules. The same circuits were then packaged as "System Building Blocks," which were used to build the PDP-1. The same circuits were then packaged as the first "R" (red) series "Flip-Chip®" modules. Later, other module series provided additional speed, much higher logic density, and industrial I/O capabilities. Digital published extensive data about the modules in free catalogs that became very popular.
By 1997 Digital had subsidiary companies in more than two dozen countries including Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (People's Republic), Columbia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Israel, Japan, Jersey States, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom.
This evolved into the Rainbow 100, which had both Z80 and 8088 CPUs and was capable of running CP/M, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS.
DEC also used Intel 8-bit microprocessors as embedded processors within larger systems; for example, as the console processor in PDP-11/04, 11/34, and 11/44 systems and as the main processor within the VT100 family of video terminals.
To serve laboratories at a lower cost, DEC provided the PDP-5, an early minicomputer, in 1963. True success followed with the introduction of the famous PDP-8 in 1964. It was a smaller, 12-bit word machine that sold for about $16,000 and was small enough to fit on a cart. The device was simple enough to be used for many roles, and was soon being sold in large quantities to new market niches such as labs, railways, and various industrial applications.
The PDP-8 was important historically because it was the first computer that was regularly purchased by a handful of end users as an alternative to using a larger system in a data center. Because of their low cost and portability, these machines could be purchased to fill a specific need, unlike the mainframe systems of the day that were nearly always shared among diverse users. Today, the PDP-8 is generally regarded as the first minicomputer. The PDP-8 spawned a cousin, the PDP-12, which merged data acquisition and display capabilities developed with the NIH-sponsored LINC computers into the PDP-8 architecture.
The PDP-8 was used as the "brains" for many specific scientific and research projects. Once such adaptation was the "Durrum Instruments D-500 Amino Acid Analyzer" wherein a PDP-8 was used for process control.
Many 8- and 16-bit machine architectures are said to be inspired by the PDP-8, including the HP 2100 and Data General Nova, and to a lesser extent the National Semiconductor IMP, PACE, and INS8900 microprocessors and the Signetics 2650 microprocessor. Machines based on the PDP-8 can be characterized by a small number of accumulators (such as AC and MQ, or A and B), or a small number of general registers (R0-R3) rather than a relatively large number of regular registers (such as R0-R7 or R15), and by memory addressing in terms of a base page and a current page (related to PC value).
The design of the 4-bit Intel 4004 was also inspired by the PDP-8, although it has a series of regular registers (R0-R15). While evaluating the Busicom designed calculator chipset for production by Intel, Ted Hoff realized that the PDP-8 sitting in the corner of the room was far more powerful than newer chips, yet the circuitry was much simpler. Therefore, he proposed that Intel not make the chips designed by Busicom, but instead design a "computer chipset" that buyers could program as a calculator.
The PDP-11 supported several operating systems, including Bell Labs' new Unix operating system as well as DEC's DOS-11, RSX-11, IAS, RT-11, and RSTS/E. Many early PDP-11 applications were developed using standalone paper-tape utilities. DOS-11 was the PDP-11's first disk operating system, but was soon supplanted by more capable systems. RT-11 provided a practical real-time operating system, allowing the PDP-11 to continue Digital's critical role as a computer supplier for embedded systems. RSX provided a general-purpose multitasking environment and supported a wide variety of programming languages. IAS was a time-sharing version of RSX-11D. Both RSTS and Unix were time-sharing systems available to educational institutions at little or no cost, and these PDP-11 systems were destined to be the sandbox for a generation of engineers and computer scientists. Large numbers of 11/70s were deployed in telecommunications and industrial control applications. AT&T became DEC's largest customer.
The PDP-11's 16-bit byte-oriented architecture provided a 64KB virtual address space. Most models had a paged physical memory architecture and memory protection features, useful for multitasking and time-sharing, and some supported separate Instruction & Data spaces for an effective virtual address size of 128KB within a physical address size of up to 4 MB.
Another significant innovation of the PDP's architecture (PDP-11 in particular, but also to some degree the other PDPs) was that all peripheral device interfaces were memory mapped: rather than using special I/O instructions to work with peripherals, programmers accessed device registers by reading and modifying the contents of specific physical memory addresses.
PDP operating systems were the model for many other operating systems. CP/M used a command syntax similar to RT-11's, and even retained the awkward PIP program used to copy other programs. DEC's use of '/' for "switches" (command-line options) would lead to the adoption of '' for pathnames in Windows as opposed to '/' in Unix.
The use of paged physical memory (with a MMU), and the use of memory-mapped device I/O were both important influences on the Intel architecture; both of these are essential features of modern CPUs.
The PDP-11 series was cloned in COMECON countries as the SM EVM series, and was produced in quantities comparable to original PDP-11 production.
Through the 1960s, DEC produced a series of machines aimed at a price/performance point below IBM's mainframe machines, typically based on an 18-bit word using core memory: the PDP-1, the PDP-4 (1963), the PDP-7 (the first to use their Flip-Chip® technology) and PDP-9 (1965), and finally the PDP-15 series (starting in 1970 and later sold as the "XVM" series). The PDP-15 was an early user of TTL integrated circuits. These computers were moderately powerful computers for their time, mainly used in industrial, scientific, and medical laboratories.
According to Gordon Bell, the second PDP (PDP-2) was reserved for a 24-bit computer that was never developed.
For larger scientific applications DEC produced the PDP-6 in 1964, using a 36-bit architecture. Using the same word length as the IBM 701-7094 series scientific computers, which were being replaced by the 32-bit IBM System/360 series, and the UNIVAC 1107, which was replaced by the successor UNIVAC 1108 the next year, provided an alternative growth path for scientific customers. The successor was the PDP-10 series, eventually sold as the DECsystem-10 and DECSYSTEM-20.
One of the most unusual peripherals produced for the PDP-10 was the DECtape. The DECtape was a length of standard magnetic tape wound on 5-in reels. However, the recording format was a 10-track approach using fixed-length numbered 'blocks' organized into a standard file structure, including a directory. Files could be written, read, changed and deleted on a DECtape as though it were a hard drive. In fact, some PDP-10 systems had no hard drives at all, using DECtapes alone for their primary data storage. For greater efficiency, the DECtape drive could read and write to a DECtape in both directions.
In 1976, DEC decided to extend the PDP-11 architecture to 32 bits, creating its first 32-bit minicomputer, referred to as a super-mini. This was launched as the Virtual Address eXtension (VAX) 11/780 in 1978, and immediately took over the vast majority of the minicomputer market. Desperate attempts by competitors such as Data General (which had been formed in 1968 by Ed DeCastro and eight other DEC engineers who had worked on a 16-bit design that DEC had rejected) to win back market share failed, due not only to DEC's successes, but the emergence of the microcomputer and workstation into the lower-end of the minicomputer market. In 1983, DEC canceled its "Jupiter" project, which had been intended to build a successor to the PDP-10, and instead focused on promoting the VAX as their the single computer architecture for the company. It was believed that microprocessor technology at the low end and networking of larger systems could produce a 1:1000 range of computing power from one architecture.
The VAX series had an instruction set that is rich even by today's standards (as well as an abundance of addressing modes). In addition to the paging and memory protection features of the PDP series, the VAX supported virtual memory. The VAX could use both Unix and DEC's own VMS operating system.
In 1984, DEC launched its first 10 Mbit/s Ethernet. Ethernet allowed scalable networking, and VAXcluster allowed scalable computing. Combined with DecNet and Ethernet-based terminal servers (LAT), DEC had produced a networked storage architecture which allowed them to compete directly with IBM. The Ethernet replaced the IBM token-ring, and went on to become the dominant networking model in use today.
At its peak in the late 1980s, Digital was the second-largest computer company in the world, with over 100,000 employees. It was during this time that the company appeared to take on a feeling of invincibility, and it branched out into software, producing products for almost every "hot" niche at the time. This included Digital's own networking system, DECnet, file and print sharing, relational database, and even transaction processing. Although many of these products were well designed, most of them were DEC-only or DEC-centric, and customers frequently ignored them and used third-party products instead. This problem was further magnified by Olsen's aversion to traditional advertising and his belief that well-engineered products would sell themselves. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on these projects, at the same time that workstations based on RISC architecture were starting to approach the VAX in performance. Constrained by the huge success of their VAX/VMS products, which followed the proprietary model, the company was very late to respond to commodity hardware in the form of Intel-based personal computers and standards-based software such as Unix as well as Internet protocols such as TCP/IP. In the early 1990s, DEC found its sales faltering and its first layoffs followed. The company that created the minicomputer, a dominant networking technology, and arguably the first computers for personal use, did not effectively respond to the significant restructuring of the computer industry.
During the 1980s, DEC made several attempts at designing a RISC (reduced instruction set) processor to replace the VAX architecture. One of these, PRISM, reached an advanced stage before being canceled in 1988. Instead, DEC launched the MIPS-based DECstation and DECsystem line of workstations and servers.
Eventually, in 1992, DEC launched the DECchip 21064 processor, the first implementation of their Alpha instruction set architecture (initially named Alpha AXP, the "AXP" was later dropped). This was a 64-bit RISC architecture (as opposed to the 32-bit CISC architecture used in the VAX) and one of the first "pure" (not an extension of an earlier 32-bit architecture) 64-bit microprocessor architectures and implementations. The Alpha offered class-leading performance at its launch, and subsequent variants continued to do so into the 2000s. Alpha-based computers (the DEC AXP series, later the AlphaStation and AlphaServer series) superseded both the VAX and MIPS architecture in DEC's product lines, and could run OpenVMS, DEC OSF/1 AXP (later, Digital Unix or Tru64 UNIX) and Microsoft's then-new operating system, Windows NT.
DEC tried to compete in the Unix market by adding POSIX-compatibility features to the VAX/VMS operating system (becoming "OpenVMS") and by selling its own version of Unix (Ultrix on PDP-11, VAX and MIPS architectures; OSF/1 on Alpha), and began to advertise more aggressively. DEC was simply not prepared to sell into a crowded Unix market however, and the low end PC-servers running NT (based on Intel processors) took market share from Alpha-based computers. DEC's workstation and server line never gained much popularity beyond former DEC customers.
In the mid-1990s, Digital Semiconductor collaborated with ARM Limited to produce the StrongARM microprocessor. This was based in part on ARM7 and in part on DEC technologies like Alpha, and was targeted at embedded systems and portable devices. It was highly compatible with the ARMv4 architecture and was very successful, competing effectively against rivals such as the SuperH and MIPS architectures in the portable digital assistant market. Microsoft subsequently dropped support for these other architectures in their PocketPC platform. In 1997, as part of a lawsuit settlement, the StrongARM intellectual property was sold to Intel. They continued to manufacture StrongARM, as well as developing it into the XScale architecture. Intel subsequently sold this business to Marvell Technology Group in 2006.
DEC was initially resistant to even supporting MS-DOS, and did not produce a true IBM-PC compatible computer for many years, although the VAXmate came close, introduced in 1986 along with MS-Windows V1.0 and a VAX/VMS based (file and print) server for Microsoft's network protocols (such as SMB and NetBIOS) along with integration into DEC's own DECnet-family, providing LAN/WAN connection from PC to mainframe (supermini). The lines of DECs personal computers peaked with the Alpha-based 64-bit RISC workstations introduced in the early 1990s. DEC later produced a range of true IBM-PC compatible computers, including the Starion, Venturis, Celebris and Digital PC desktop lines, the HiNote series of laptops and the Digital Server and Prioris ranges of servers.
In June 1992, Ken Olsen was replaced by Robert Palmer as the company's president. Digital's board of directors also granted Palmer the title of chief executive officer ("CEO"), a title that had never been used during Digital's 35-year existence. Palmer had joined DEC in 1985 to run Semiconductor Engineering and Manufacturing. His relentless campaign to be CEO, and success with the Alpha microprocessor family, made him a candidate to succeed Olsen. At the same time a more modern logo was designed. However, Palmer was unable to stem the tide of red ink. More rounds of layoffs ensued and many of DEC's assets were spun off:
Eventually, on January 26, 1998, what remained of the company (including Digital's multivendor global services organization and customer support centers) was sold to Compaq, which was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2002. Hewlett-Packard now sells what were formerly Digital's StorageWorks disk/tape products, as a result of the Compaq acquisition.
The Digital logo survived for a while after the company ceased to exist, as the logo of Digital GlobalSoft, an IT services company in India (which was a 51 percent subsidiary of DEC). Digital GlobalSoft was later renamed "HP GlobalSoft" (also known as the "HP Global Delivery India Center" or HP GDIC) and no longer uses the Digital logo.
The digital.com and DEC.com domain names are now owned by Hewlett-Packard and redirect to their US website.
The Digital Federal Credit Union (DCU), which was chartered in 1979 for employees of DEC, is now open to essentially everyone, with over 700 different sponsors, including the companies that acquired pieces of DEC.
DEC's Research Laboratories (or Research Labs, as they were commonly known) conducted Digital's corporate research. Some of them were operated by Compaq and are still operated by Hewlett-Packard. The laboratories were:
Some of the former employees of Digital's Research Labs or Digital's R&D in general include:
Some of the work of the Research Labs was published in the Digital Technical Journal, published until 1998.
The first versions of the C programming language and the UNIX operating system ran on Digital's PDP series of computers (first on a PDP-7, then the PDP-11's), which were among the first commercially viable minicomputers, although for several years Digital itself did not encourage the use of Unix.
Digital also produced the popular VAX computer family, the first pure 64-bit microprocessor architecture (Alpha AXP), the first commercially successful workstation (the VT-78), and some commercially unsuccessful personal computers. The central computing system of the Soviet reusable Buran spaceship was based on two MicroVAX computers.
Digital produced widely used interactive operating systems, including OS-8, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, RSTS/E, RSX-11, RT-11, and OpenVMS. PDP computers, in particular the PDP-11 model, inspired a generation of programmers and software developers. Some PDP-11 systems more than 25 years old (software and hardware) are still being used to control and monitor factories, transportation systems and nuclear plants. Digital was an early champion of time-sharing systems.
Digital was to the command-line interface (CLI) what Apple was to the GUI: there was history before and innovation after, but it was Digital's operating systems that put it together in a complete and definitive form. The command-line interfaces found in Digital's systems, eventually codified as DCL, would look familiar to any user of modern microcomputer CLIs; those used in earlier systems, such as CTSS, IBM's JCL, or Univac's time-sharing systems, would look utterly alien. Many features of the CP/M and MS-DOS CLI show a recognizable family resemblance to Digital's OSes, including command names such as DIR and HELP and the "name-dot-extension" file naming conventions.
VAX and MicroVAX computers (very widespread in the 1980s) running VMS formed one of the most important proprietary networks, DECnet, which linked business and research facilities. The DECnet protocols formed one of the first peer-to-peer networking standards. Email, file sharing, and distributed collaborative projects existed within the company long before their value was recognized in the market.
Digital, Intel and Xerox through their collaboration to create the DIX standard, were champions of Ethernet, but Digital is the company that made Ethernet commercially successful. Initially, Ethernet-based DECnet and LAT protocols interconnected VAXes with DECserver terminal servers. Starting with the UNIBUS to Ethernet adapter, multiple generations of Ethernet controllers from Digital were the de facto standard. The CI "computer interconnect" adapter was the industry's first network interface controller to use separate transmit and receive "rings".
Digital also invented clustering, an operating system technology that treated multiple machines as one logical entity. Clustering permitted sharing of pooled disk and tape storage via the HSC50/70/90 and later series of Hierarchical Storage Controllers. HSCs delivered the first hardware RAID 0 and 1 capabilities and the first serial interconnects of multiple storage technologies. This technology was the forerunner to systems like Network of Workstations which are used for massively cooperative tasks such as web-searches and drug research.
The LA36 and LA120 dot matrix printers became industry standards and may have hastened the demise of the Teletype Corporation.
The VT100 computer terminal became the industry standard, implementing a useful subset of the ANSI X3.64 standard, and even today terminal emulators such as HyperTerminal, PuTTY and Xterm still emulate a VT100 (or its more capable successor, the VT220).
The X Window System, the network transparent window system used on UNIX and Linux, and also available on other operating systems, was developed at MIT jointly between Project Athena and the Laboratory for Computer Science. Digital was the primary sponsor for this project, which was one of the first large scale free software projects, a contemporary of the GNU Project but not associated with it.
Dave Cutler, who led the development of RSX-11M, RSX-11M+, VMS and then VAXeln, left Digital in 1988 to lead the development of Windows NT. A rumor circulated for a long time that WNT=VMS+1 (increment each letter by one). In the early 1990s, when asked directly about this, Cutler quipped "What took you so long ?", leaving open the possibility that VMS becoming WNT was a very unlikely coincidence. However, as noted in the article on Windows NT, the order of events does not support this.
Notes-11 and its follow-on product, VAXnotes, were two of the first examples of online collaboration software, a category that has become to be known as groupware. Len Kawell, one of the original Notes-11 developers later joined Lotus Development Corporation and contributed to their Lotus Notes product.
Digital was one of the first businesses connected to the Internet with dec.com, registered in 1985, being one of the first of the now ubiquitous .com domains. gatekeeper.dec.com was a well-known software repository during the pre-World Wide Web days, but Digital was also the first computer vendor to open a public website, on October 1, 1993. The popular AltaVista, created by Digital, was one of the first comprehensive Internet search engines. (Although Lycos was earlier, it was much more limited.)
DEC invented Digital Linear Tape (DLT), formerly known as CompacTape, which began as a compact backup medium for MicroVAX systems, and later grew to capacities of 800 gigabytes.
Work on the first hard-disk-based MP3-player, the Personal Jukebox, started at the DEC Systems Research Center. (The project was started about a month before the merger into Compaq was completed.)
DEC's Western Research Lab created the Itsy Pocket Computer. This was developed into the Compaq iPaq line of PDAs, which replaced the Compaq Aero PDA.


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March 2, 2014
Box Score
BEAUMONT – J.T. Autrey isn't used to starting games on the mound, but a casual observer could have been fooled on Sunday as both he and Brent Janak combined to lead the Lamar baseball team to a 7-0 victory over visiting Texas-Pan American at Vincent-Beck Stadium.
Autrey, LU's leader in mound appearances last season, made his first career start and tossed four innings, giving up just two hits and four walks while striking out four. It marked the senior's first victory of the year.
"Of course, it was great pitching conditions today with the winds howling, but Autrey and Janak did what they had to do out there," head coach Jim Gilligan said. "J.T. is a guy that can be one of the best arms around, and it was good for him to get that many pitches in. His velocity was great, and he had more walks than I'd like, but that will improve with time."
"I had a little nerves going because I'm used to coming out of the bullpen, obviously," Autrey said. "I think that I started to settle in around the third inning, and it worked out. I'm pretty happy about it. Today gives me a lot of confidence, and if they need me to start again, I can do it. I have a lot of room to improve, but I'll be alright."
Janak, a freshman, spelled Autrey in relief and was even better, throwing five one-hit innings with five strikeouts to earn his first career save. The Friendswood High School graduate was one of three from the school to see significant time on the mound for Lamar over the past two days, joining Will Hibbs and Jayson McKinley.
It was the first shutout for LU this season, as the Cards upped their season record to 8-4. UTPA dropped to 6-6.
Reed Seeley got the Cards on the board in the second, leading off the frame with a single. A stolen base and Jacoby Middleton sacrifice bunt put him 90 feet from home, and Tyler Sullivan cashed the run in with a sacrifice fly to left.
Seeley finished the day 1-for-2 with a pair of walks and two scores.
The game remained tight over the ensuing two frames before the Cards broke through for three more runs in the fifth to take a commanding 4-0 advantage. UTPA starter Andrew Padron picked up the first two outs quickly before Mason Salazar reached on a single up the middle. An error and a Wayne Stanley double later brought him in, and Jude Vidrine followed up with a double of his own to push two more across.
Vidrine ended 2-for-3 with two runs batted in and a walk, and Stanley had a two-hit day as well, touching home twice.
A balk and a pair of UTPA errors scored three more for the Cards over the next two innings to account for the final score.
LU will return to action on Wednesday with the first road game of the year, traveling to Waco to take on Baylor. First pitch is scheduled for 4 p.m.


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BOTTLER is designed by a famous Dutch interior yacht designer, who was also responsible for the artist impressions and interior workshop drawings of the Paraffin. He was inspired by Gerolamo Cardano, the Italian physician, philosopher and mathematician, developed in 1537 his 'cardanic suspension', in order to hold the compass stably against the ships movements.
BOTTLER is officially unveiled at the 11th Annual Nantucket Wine Festival.


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Austerity only works for those who's Parents sent you to Eton and...
From Bellacaledonia
Yet again and no apologies for that
a slight aside If a MP takes up a directorship of a Bank,then...


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I agree with yakrider - let's score them all.
I agree with yakrider - let's score them all.
I would want something to qualify a tournament Maybe 2 D1 teams wrestling full line ups. There are some weak duals, but one or two matches is different than a weak tournament where a decent guy can get 4-5 falls.
i think the qualification for counting should be minimal if we decided to have qualifications. i didn't look at the schedules as of yet but i know iowa typically has a dual tournament early where they wrestle non d-1 teams and send their best and get 3 wins against teams blair, stparis and clovis could probably beat. if we do limit tournaments i would think 2-3 d-1 teams should qualify it maybe?
Last edited by Mac Attack; 10-13-2013 at 05:07 PM.
I vote for counting all matches wrestled. Any other system will inevitably result in quality matches being ignored. If your guy has a powderpuff schedule, then good on you for considering that factor. Arbitrarily ignoring some matches to relieve the responsibility of evaluating schedules is lazy, unfair, and amateurish. Just my 2 cents.


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Last year in Durham, 14 per cent of cardiac arrest patients survived, compared to the national average of five per cent.
"In Durham, we have a comprehensive and integrated response program," said Jim Harris, senior manager of the Central East Prehospital Care Program, based at Lakeridge Health Oshawa. "We have a significant number of public access defibrillation sites, so there's a lot of (automatic external defibrillators) out there in public situations.
"Our fire departments are highly trained in defibrillators and resuscitation, as well as Durham EMS has made a strong commitment to advance care paramedics," he added. "It's a complete integrated training and response program that's evolved over the past decade."
Durham Regional Police 2012 Citizen Award recipients
- Danielle King
When Dale Flaxman suffered a heart attack and went into cardiac arrest while driving in Ajax, Ms. King came to his aid, performing CPR until paramedics arrived, saving Mr. Flaxman's life.
- Pamela Klinkenberg and Jonathan Smegal
Ms. Klinkenberg and Mr. Smegal found and calmed a suicidal male in Port Perry, preventing him from harming himself before police could arrive.
- Tina Naylor
When Ms. Naylor discovered a case full of money, identification and valuables in Clarington, she contacted police. Police later located the owner, who was visiting from Guadeloupe, did not speak English, and had no means of returning for the case after passing through Durham on a bus tour. Ms. Naylor returned the case to the owner, saving him much hardship.
- Shawn Clohecy
When Mr. Clohecy saw a vehicle leave the road, land on its roof and catch fire in Clarington, he pulled over his vehicle and came to the driver's rescue. He climbed on top of the burning vehicle and pulled its driver to safety, just before the vehicle became engulfed in flames.
- Emma Bradbury and Kailee Demoe
When Ms. Bradbury and Ms. Demoe witnessed a poppy-box robbery in progress in Oshawa, they said they knew it had to be stopped. The UOIT students chased the thief down on foot, forcing him to give up the donation box and remain at the scene until police arrived.
- Paul Ertal and Alexander Good
When Mr. Ertal and Mr. Good flagged down a police cruiser to report they had been robbed at gunpoint in Oshawa, they thought their troubling experience was over. The responding officer was instead attacked by the robbery suspect, who was reaching for the officer's gun when Mr. Ertal and Mr. Good kicked his hand away and helped the officer gain control of the suspect.
- Daniela Kyriakou and Michael Gagne
After witnessing a man steal an 89-year-old woman's purse in Whitby, Ms. Kyriakou and Mr. Gagne chased him down and retrieved the stolen bag, which they returned to its grateful owner.
- Michelle Mokedanz
Sixteen-year-old Michelle, a member of Durham Medical Venturers, knew just what to do when she discovered a jogger on a Whitby street with no pulse or vital signs. Using CPR, Michelle revived the jogger, who had suffered a heart attack, while waiting for paramedics to arrive.
- Mike Shaw and Stewart Giles
Mr. Shaw and Mr. Giles saved a swimmer in distress from drowning in Lake Ontario, after the man was unable to re-board his boat, in Whitby.
- Sean Holmes
When Mr. Holmes witnessed a man dragging a woman across a paved parking lot in Whitby, he intervened, preventing what was later revealed to be a murder-suicide in progress. A depressed man was dragging his wife toward Hwy. 401, where he planned to kill them both in traffic, and could have also killed or injured motorists.
- Matthew Santoro
After witnessing two men jump from a burning boat on Lake Ontario in Whitby, Mr. Santoro launched his boat and saved the men.
- Cameron Wilson and Caitlin Daniel
Mr. Wilson and Ms. Daniel saved the life of a man whose canoe capsized in Lake Ontario at night this summer. After hearing cries for help coming from the lake in Ajax, Mr. Wilson jumped into his kayak and headed out into the darkness, while Ms. Daniel called 911 and assisted the search from shore. Mr. Wilson located the man and pulled him safely to shore.
AJAX -- There are some people who do not hesitate to go above and beyond what is expected of them in an emergency.
Danielle King is one of those people. Because of her, Dale Flaxman is alive.
When Mr. Flaxman, a Whitby resident, had a heart attack behind the wheel of his car in Ajax Sept. 9, Ms. King did not hesitate to come to his aid.
While playing hockey, Mr. Flaxman started feeling ill, and felt as if he had pulled a muscle in his chest, so he left in his car to head home. The last thing he remembers is stopping at a red light at Rossland Road and Lloydminster Avenue.
"The next thing I remember is waking up at the Ajax-Pickering emergency room, and they said welcome back," Mr. Flaxman said. "I thought it was a dream. Between stopping at that intersection and being in the emergency, I have no idea what happened."
Ms. King remembers. The registered nurse at Toronto's Sunnybrook hospital was on her way home to Whitby from a baby shower. Clad in a dress and heels, she had no idea she was about to save someone's life.
Stopped behind Mr. Flaxman at the intersection, she knew something was wrong when the light turned green and he didn't move, or respond to her honking. She jumped out of her car and sprang into action, followed by a few others who left their vehicles as well.
"He was unconscious, not responding to anything," she said. "He still had a pulse, so I got a couple guys to get him out of the car, onto the ground ... As soon as he went on the ground, he lost his pulse, so that's when we started CPR."
After a couple rounds of CPR, Mr. Flaxman's pulse came back, only to be lost again. Ms. King continued CPR until emergency responders arrived and shocked Mr. Flaxman with a defibrillator, regaining his pulse once more.
Ms. King wasn't alone in saving Mr. Flaxman's life. She needed someone to rotate with her while giving CPR, and set her sights on a young man whose identity is a mystery.
"He was standing there, and I said, 'Hey, have you ever done CPR?' He's like, 'No.' I said, 'OK, today's the day you're going to learn,'" she said. "I don't know where he came from. I have no idea. When EMS came, everybody just kind of went to the sidelines and he disappeared."
The Flaxmans are eager to find and thank the mysterious man.
"It takes a lot of character, I think, for a young man to put himself in that position and do the right thing," said Janet Flaxman, Dale's wife. "Without him, the outcome could've been much different, and we're very thankful."
She noted if it weren't for Ms. King taking control of the situation and administering CPR, there would be no happy ending.
"According to the cardiologist, Dale had a 100-per cent blockage in his artery," she said. "I said, 'So how much time did he have?' And the cardiologist said, 'He didn't have any time, she saved his life.'"
Ms. Flaxman said she and her three children are forever indebted to Ms. King.
"We call ourselves the Flaxman five; the Flaxman four wouldn't be the same," she said. "We're just so thankful."
Ms. King received a citizen award from Durham Regional Police Oct. 31, one of 18 Durham residents honoured for outstanding actions this past year.
Before the ceremony, Mr. Flaxman offered some words of advice.
"Life's too short," he said. "Live life and enjoy your family ... It can be gone in a second, and a lot of people take that for granted."
If you know the identity of the mystery man identified in this article, contact email@example.com.
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A new baby brings excitement and hopes for the future. When your baby is first born, a number of tests are performed to ensure the baby is healthy and ready to go home. One of these tests is to check the newborn's hearing.
A newborn hearing test is given by a newborn hearing screener, and test results are reviewed by an audiologist. While most babies don't have hearing loss, it's important to detect possible hearing loss early. Discovering hearing loss early allows parents time to arrange early treatment and support that will set the child up with the best opportunities for success.
Two common hearing tests performed on babies are the otoacoustic emissions test and the auditory brainstem response test. Depending on the child, one or both tests may be performed.
Both tests involve a trained staff member placing a small device at the opening of the baby's ear, one at a time. This device sends sound waves into the baby's ear and measures the response. The screenings are painless and take between 15 to 45 minutes to complete. It's so unobtrusive, many babies will sleep through the entire test.
Some parents may wonder if their child's hearing is normal and on track. The following checklists can help serve as a guide. If you suspect something is amiss, please give the Speech, Hearing & Balance Center a call at (801) 357-7448.


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July 5, 2015
**FILE** In this May 9, 2008 file photo, a foreclosure sign stands outside an existing home on the market in Denver. A record 9 percent of American homeowners with a mortgage were either behind on their payments or in foreclosure at the end of June, as damage from the housing crisis continues to mount, the Mortgage Bankers Association said Friday, Sept. 5, 2008. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski, file)
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WASHINGTON - The National Association of Realtors says pending U.S. home sales fell more than expected in July as the housing market's struggles continued.
The group's seasonally adjusted index of pending sales for existing homes fell 3.2 percent to a reading of 86.5 from an upwardly revised June reading of 89.4. The index was 6.8 percent below year-ago levels.
Wall Street economists surveyed by Thomson/IFR had predicted the index would fall to 88.6. The index, which sunk to a record low of 83 in March, stood at 92.2 in July 2007.
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Charitable foundation lauds philanthropist's efforts
Posted: January 9, 2014 at 6:11 a.m.
One doesn't have to look long in Arkansas to see evidence of philanthropist Pat Walker's generosity. The Willard and Pat Walker Charitable Foundation has donated millions of dollars to promote health and education in the state and region over the years.
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