text:
Taxport is your centralized tax information reporting solution, your tax reporting HQ. It can handle the complete compliance process of thousands up to millions of forms. It proactively validates your information's accuracy and its cloud-based system reacts to IRS changes almost instantaneously. It doesn't even require installation or updates from your IT team. And, most important of all, Taxport is the most secure compliance solution on the planet.
Plus, whether you process 1099s from one, two or two hundred business units, Taxport has the ability to be adapted to your needs and data. Taxport forms and regulatory filings are always guaranteed compliant, reducing the risk of expensive penalties. And when it comes to the constantly changing environment of tax regulation, our team of tax experts always keeps a watchful eye so you'll never be bothered by year-end tax form changes.
And, of course, results matter. Our clients routinely see:
- 50% decrease in total tax reporting workload
- 80% drop in "B" Notices
- 75% less time spent printing and mailing
- 30% drop in form counts
Stress-Free Features
One-Stop Shop
Working with ancient software relics is not only difficult; it's a waste of time. Taxport provides you with a new way — an on-demand, centralized platform created only for the tax reporting world. You'll be able to manage all of your organizational units, tax forms and corrections in one place.
Highly Configurable
Create the solution that is right for you. Taxport has been designed differently than traditional software to accommodate the nuances associated with your source systems and processing requirements. You won't have to accommodate us, we'll accommodate you. We develop answers to your toughest questions. We eat, live and breathe tax information reporting. If you want to add a withholding tool to your compliance solution, print dynamic notes and transactions on your tax statements or insert additional pages between forms for clarification, just say the word. If you want ultra-specific user access to keep your information safe, consider it done. We're tax geeks. It's all we do.
Every Form Type
Taxport handles all your tax information reporting, including every 1042, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, W-2, W-4, W-9, Puerto Rico, Canada and Quebec form. Plus, all direct state and independent contractor reporting.
Cloud Computing
We know you need updates fast. That's why Taxport lives in the cloud. When the IRS announces form changes they are quickly reflected in Taxport, keeping you well ahead of any deadlines. That matters when you are managing vast amounts of forms and last-minute state and federal regulation changes occur in January… again.
The Most Secure Tax Solution on the Planet
Convey holds itself to the highest security standards available while maintaining a large degree of flexibility for a variety of user permissions based on role, function and data. Rest assured that our top-tier security certifications, reoccurring audits, dual secure backups, third-party penetration testing and biometrically guarded data center with industry-leading data-at-rest encryption will keep your information safe.
Real-Time Data Verification
Accurate TIN and name data is the first step in preventing "B" Notices, related penalties, corrections and form recipient customer service calls. With real-time TIN verification you can proactively validate your information before wasting time on rework. That includes checking your data against the IRS TIN Matching Program, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), and Death Master File. Leave those pesky "B" Notices in the dust.
Direct State Reporting
With slightly different tax regulations in over 40 states, managing tax information reporting across state lines can, at best, produce a migraine. Not anymore. Direct state reporting has never been easier with Taxport. Whether it's including a compact disk for the Alabama Department of Revenue or filling out an additional form in California, you can rest assured your process will be 100% compliant.
Faster Upload Time
You might have thousands or even millions of transactions to import into your tax management system every year, but that doesn't mean one batch upload should take days or even weeks. Don't settle for average. Taxport was built to import mass amounts of data at breakneck speeds. That's up to 70,000 records per minute. Get in. Get out. Get done.
Withholding Management Module
With over 40 jurisdictions and 200 different payment days in the U.S. alone, withholding can be a bottomless pit of time and resources. But, with the Taxport withholding module, you can manage the process with ease. Our detailed schedule allows you to effortlessly track your remittances, reconciliation and 941, 945, 1042, and state withholding reporting responsibilities. You'll never have to manually track payments thanks to automatic notifications and matching general ledger data line-by-line against transaction-level data or tax detail forms will be a thing of the past.
Backup Withholding
Sometimes errors can slip through the cracks — even if you use every data validation tool on the market. Now you can sleep soundly knowing that you are ready to track the meticulous backup withholding schedule on your "B" Notices. It's a tricky process. We are here for you.
Corrections and Penalties
Taxport gives you the tools to proactively prevent "B" Notices, penalties and corrections. And, if inaccuracies remain, we also give you the tools to effectively mitigate those errors. Whether you are correcting or revising forms, Taxport allows you to easily reprint or update current and prior year forms while tracking changes, leaving a trail of bread crumbs just in case questions arise down the road. Who doesn't like saving time while dramatically improving their customer experience? Not to mention, electronically submitting the revised information to the IRS is as easy as pressing a button.
Just like we have moved to the cloud with our tax reporting solutions, you can too. Stop the presses and ask your form recipients to opt-in to paperless forms. They can then access their new, old and updated tax forms online and in real time. Plus, you will save some trees and soften the steep costs of printing and mailing. Your customer service will thank you when the seasonal spike in calls comes.
Access Prior Tax Years
All data, including every form, is available for you to reference whenever and wherever you need it, starting at three prior years up to ten prior years of tax information. That makes necessary reprints and corrections for yesteryear's reporting doable again. Plus, you can leave those old 1096 paper forms in the dust — Taxport-delivered updates to the IRS are entirely electronic. Record recall has never been so effortless.
Taxport Add-On Solutions
Make Your Tax Year Even Easier
Tax reporting is complicated and mistakes are costly. Take advantage of our Taxport add-on solutions to ease your tax season and the daily operations in between. We are your extended tax team.
Managed Services
Take the hands-off approach and let our tax experts do the tricky job of year-round compliance for you. Our dedicated Managed Services representatives will act as an extension of your internal tax team, handling all daily reporting operations up to and including filing during tax season. You will have complete transparency during every step of the way via a detailed schedule of services. Get ready for reduced risk, costs and workload.
Tax Identity Management
Using inaccurate information is costly. Especially when the IRS fines for error-ridden data have recently doubled. We'll use our tried-and-true methods of data verification to match your TIN and name data before fines arrive, as well as handle all your "B" Notice and penalty solicitation. Your time is valuable. Don't waste it.
Statement Delivery
Don't lick that envelope or stick that stamp. Leave the time, money and effort it takes to print and mail thousands of tax statements at the door. With Statement Delivery you can print and mail every form with the click of a button. We'll handle the rest. Our versatile process covers everything from filtering against the National Change of Address list to masking TINs for security, ensuring your company the very best in secure print management. You might even save some money. Many of our clients see a reduction in print costs by as much as 50 percent thanks to our paperless opt-in tracking.
Withholding Management Services
Withholding is hard. Knowing when to pay who hundreds of different times every year is enough to give you a headache. Let us reduce your risks, costs and liabilities associated with one of the most complicated IRS tax reporting processes. We will handle all of your federal and state requirements year-round, including remittance, reconciliation and 941, 945, and 1042 reporting responsibilities. In addition, we cover any necessary correspondence and penalty management. You're only a phone call away from a stress-free calendar.


text:
Guest Rating:
Vacation rental condominium. Sleeps 6, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms. No pets allowed.
2230 Beach Drive
Gulfport, MS 39507
United States
Vacation in the Lap of Luxury at Legacy. This Dazzling Sanctuary is in a Prime Location, just Minutes from Casino's, Shopping and all of Your Family Entertainment Needs. Legacy offers a True Luxurious Escape. Each Condo is Beautifully Decorated and offers
a Breathtaking View of the Gulf of Mexico from Private Over-Sized Balconies with Entrances from the Living Room Appliances, Granite Countertops, Breakfast Bar and Wet Bar; Master Suites that offer Garden Bathtubs, Stand Alone Showers, Cable, Internet, Washer/Dryer.
Amenities include: 2 Outdoor Pools, Indoor Heated Pool, Sauna. Jacuzzi, Slow Moving Whirlpool, Fully Equipped Fitness Center, Putting Green, Club House with Pool Table and 31" Flat Screen TV and Meeting Room Book this Exclusive Vacation Today!
Stayed 5 days ending in
August, 2014
Overall satisfaction:
Kris K from Evansville, IN recommends this vacation rental
Security staff was very friendly and welcoming. Great pool. Nice exercise room. The condo was fabulous and well maintained. Had to cross 6 lanes of traffic to get to beach, but beach was well maintained. Kids loved nearby jet ski rental, as well as paddle
boards, trikes, etc. Convenient to great seafood restaurants. Really liked the Gulfport location!
Dear Mr. Kleiman:
We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for choosing to stay with Biloxi Beach Resort Rentals during your time here on the MS Gulf Coast!
We are so glad you enjoyed your stay and want to thank you for your feedback!
We will continue to strive to provide you with excellent accommodations in the future and hope to see you again soon!
Biloxi Beach Resort Rentals Management Team
Stayed 5 days ending in
July, 2014
Mark F from Princeton, LA recommends this vacation rental
Great view cool experience.
Stayed 4 days ending in
June, 2014
April F from Biloxi, MS recommends this vacation rental
Great location for family coming in town . T1#504 needs updating ! Remove all artificial plants .Bedrooms - remove old TV's & install flat screen . They are not expensive . The difference would create more floor space . Grab your camera - take local pictures
- enlarge & hang them up . Had a nice time visiting family !!!
Dear Mrs. Fairley:
We would like to thank you for your feedback! We are in the process of our annual unit evaluations and these things are being addressed. We are pleased you enjoyed your stay otherwise and hope to see you again in the future!
Biloxi Beach Resort Rentals Management Team
Stayed 3 days ending in
September, 2013
Erin D from Hurley, Ms recommends this vacation rental
Labor Day weekend, our families stayed in 504 Tower I. We loved the pool, view was nice, the place was HUGE. My only problem was with billing and the office fixed it as quickly as they could.
Dear Mrs. DePree: We are so pleased you enjoyed your stay and want to thank you for your feedback. We work hard to make your stay unforgettable.
Biloxi Beach Resort Rentals Management Team
Stayed 4 days ending in
July, 2013
Amanda B from Cypress, TX recommends this vacation rental
The condo was nice and clean. I was however alittle disapointed with the lack of kitchen items for a fully stocked kitchen. Pots and pans for cooking were lacking. The beds were all hard and made a ton of noise getting in and out. Not good when you have
a baby sleeping in the room with you. the pillows were either very flat or super hard. the towels were like drying off with sand paper. I would recommend they get some new towels and update the beds / pillows. Other than that we had a great time. our entire
softball team stayed at these condos and we cooked out at the pool, and relaxed when not running back and fourth to the ball field. if we play in Gulfport again, i will stay here.
a guest from New Iberia, LA recommends this vacation rental
Top of the line facility with Excellent service (if needed).
Stayed 3 days ending in
June, 2013
a guest from Madisonville, LA recommends this vacation rental
Overall, we were comfortable and enjoyed our stay. However, there were several issues with our unit. firstly, there was a good amount of cosmetic damage to the rugs, walls, etc. There was a mysterious wet spot on the carpet and the front door did not lock.
The décor and electronics were outdated, but still functional and comfortable. Maintenance was very responsive and resolved the issues quickly. Staff was courteous and responsive in documenting all of the damage, I just wish I didn't have to do it. as I said,
it was all cosmetic so didn't really affect us, and overall we were quite pleased. The pool is very nice and great for young children. Parking is covered and close. We would stay again and recommend it.
Dave B from Toledo, OH recommends this vacation rental
We really enjoyed our stay at the Legacy condos. The condo was very clean, tastefully decorated and spacious. They had very nice pools.
Stayed 3 days ending in
May, 2013
a guest from Riceboro, GA recommends this vacation rental
The condo's & property in general were very neat & clean. The staff was great, and location was great!
Click calendar to set checkin/checkout dates. clear calendar
Select/Confirm the number of travelers to get a rate quote.
A promo code is for special discounts and may have been provided to you in either a newsletter, email or other correspondence from the manager or owner of this property.
*Seasonal rates are estimates only. Actual rates may differ. Seasonal rates do not include fees or taxes.
To request information about booking this vacation rental, please fill out the form below.
Biloxi Vacation Rentals 2230 Beach Drive, Suite A Gulfport, MS 39507 +1 (877) 924-5694 email@example.com
© 1999 -
| Powered By Escapia Vacation Rental Software |
Terms of Use

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Navigation Path: Home > Payments & Markets > T2S > News and Publications > Spotlight > T2S Spotlight
The T2S Programme Board has approved the final version of the General Technical Design (GTD) version 2.2, see cover letter.
The GTD presents an overview of the technical infrastructure which 4CB intend to implement in order to run the future T2S application. (document).


text:
ZoomIt is a JavaScript image zoom developed for MooTools 1.3 (1.2 compatible) and jQuery that allows display of detailed, large images based on smaller images that can be placed into the context of web pages. A new approach, different from the previous one (that can be seen here) allows easier placement and implementation along with possibilities of styling using CSS classes placed in stylesheets. The two script versions (for jQuery and MooTools) offer the very same functionality so whatever your preference, you get the same thing no matter what JavaScript framework you use.
The script allows mouse events customizations meaning that the zooming process can be started on either click or mouse movement over the thumbnail image. Also, moving the zoomed area can be set to work with drag or mouse movement over the image. The big image that displays the details has a loader CSS class on it that is available as a parameter (allowing to customize the loader in any way you want) and it also has "memory" capability, meaning that at a later time the user zooms the image, the previous position will be displayed by default. The script works well in all major browsers (Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Opera) with the latest versions. Older browser versions haven't been tested but it shouldn't be a problem with them (in case there is, please leave a comment below).
There are 12 parameters that can be set and 2 Events (start of zoom and ending of zoom). The parameters are:
- container (MooTools only): optional parameter that tells the script into what element to scan for elements that will have zoom capability. If this parameter isn't set, by default the script will scan the whole body;
- elems: required parameter that contains the selector CSS class for the elements to have zoom applied to them (ie: .zoomImages);
- mouseEvent: the event that will trigger the zoomed image to be displayed. Can have as values either click, mouseenter or mouseover;
- multiplier: this parameter determines the size of the zoomed image area. You can use any number here and the size of the zoomed area will be multiplier*thumbnail image size. This means that if your thumbnail is 150 x 150 px, a multiplier of 1 will display a zoomed image of 150 x 150. Decreasing this value will make the size of the zoomed image smaller, increasing it will make it bigger;
- zoomPosition: by default there are only 4 positions available: top, left, right, bottom. This is the position where the zoomed image will be displayed in relation with the thumbnail image;
- zoomDistance: this parameter controls the distance between the zoomed image and the thumbnail. A value of 0 will display the zoomed image right next to the thumbnail image;
- zoomClass: if you want to add additional styles to the container having the zoomed image inside it, set this parameter with a CSS class (ie: myExtraStyles) and in your stylesheet add this class with the CSS rules you want applied to it;
- zoomLoadingClass: similar to the parameter above but it applies only when loading the big image;
- zoomAreaClass: like zoomClass but it applies to the small zoomed area from the thumbnail image;
- zoomAreaColor: the background color of the small zoomed area;
- zoomAreaOpacity: the opacity of the small zoomed area;
- zoomAreaMove: what mouse event should change the position of the zoomed image (can be drag or mousemove).
The 2 events the script fires are onZoom (for jQuery just zoom) and onClose (for jQuery just close). They get fired when the image zooming process starts and ends and they return the element being zoomed.
1. MooTools
The MooTools version of the script uses MooTools core and from more version you will need Assets and Drag. As usual, first thing to do is add the stylesheet and the JavaScript files needed into the document header section:
1 2 3 4
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="zoomit.css" />
Once that is done, the only thing left to do is start the script. To do that, put this into the document header:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The example above starts the script by simply specifying the elements the have zoom on them. Please note that the window event is load, not domready. You need to use load event to make sure the image dimension is correct when MooTools scans the page and tries to determine the exact image size. You can complete the list with the rest of parameters according to your own implementation. Last step implementing the script is to put the HTML into page:

To sum up everything, you will end up with a page looking more or less like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>ZoomIt MooTools</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="zoomit.css" />
2. jQuery
Similar to the MooTools way of implementation, first thing is to set up the framework files and script into the header section:
1 2 3 4
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="zoomit.css" />
Second, you need to fire up the script:
1 2 3 4 5

Again, same as the MooTools example, you need to use the load event jQuery provides for window to start the script. Do not use $(window).ready because the script won't be able to determine the correct image size of the thumbnails. Also, feel free to complete the implementation parameters with whatever values you have in mind (see parameters above).
Next step is to set up the HTML for the script. As you can see into the piece of code above, we start the script by attaching it to element with ID zoomItImages. This means that you need a container for the anchors containing images:
1 2 3

I used a list element but you can use any other type of element (div for example), it's only a matter of taste.


text:
Book Search
Handbook of Communication and Social Interaction Skills
Series: Routledge Communication Series
Providing a thorough review and synthesis of work on communication skills and skill enhancement, this Handbook serves as a comprehensive and contemporary survey of theory and research on social interaction skills. Editors John O. Greene and Brant R. Burleson have brought together preeminent...
Published January 1st 2003 by Routledge
Message Production
Advances in Communication Theory
Series: Routledge Communication Series
The last two decades have seen the development of a number of models that have proven particularly important in advancing understanding of message-production processes. Now it appears that a "second generation" of theories is emerging, one that reflects considerable conceptual advances over earlier...
Published September 1st 1997 by Routledge


text:
Talk:Backfiring Jinx
Back to page
this wiki
Pretty sure it's a jinx that backfired, not an actual 'Backfiring Jinx'. Just a thought. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 220.127.116.11 (talk • contribs).
As stated by 220.127.116.11, I always thought it was a jinx that backfired, as opposed to a jinx that causes things to backfire; if my memory serves me correctly, 'backfiring jinx' was not capitalised. If it was a jinx that backfired rather than a jinx that causes things to backfire, is it possible that there are 'backfiring charms' and such? If so, I presumed that Ron Weasley would have had this happen to him in Chamber of Secrets. This theory is supported by the fact that the Trading Card designated to depicting Ron's malfunctioning wand is titled "Backfire!". Hunnie Bunn (talk) 17:37, July 8, 2012 (UTC)


text:
Street lights blackout concern for Pontardawe residents
Posted: April 20, 2014|
HOMES in a Pontardawe Street have been left without street lighting for almost two weeks — and face having to wait until after the Easter weekend before repair work is likely to begin.
Part of Heol y Llwynau has been affected by the problem, and residents say this is the second time the issue has arisen, following a similar black-out almost four weeks ago.
Resident Judith Jones said: "It is just not acceptable.
"It has been two weeks now, and even though the nights are longer now, it is pitch black by the time I get home.
"I work shifts and get home late at night sometimes, and my husband has to leave lights on so I can see where I am going.
"There are a lot of elderly and vulnerable people living on the street, which is a cul-de-sac, and they must be affected by it.
"The same thing happened about four weeks ago.
"We complained and someone came to repair them, so for it to happen again is very frustrating."
Trebanos councillor Rebecca Lewis said she had contacted the power company.
She added: "There are elderly people living on Heol y Llwynau and residents have called me because they are concerned about the effect of the lack of street lights.
"It can be intimidating if you are outside but you can't see anything because there is no light.
"Residents are very concerned, and it is just unacceptable, particularly coming over the Easter weekend. I contacted the power company, but they told me that no- one would be available to come and see to it until Tuesday at the earliest."
The black-out comes as Neath Port Talbot continues with a scheme to improve street lighting across the county.
The authority is replacing its current aged lighting stock at a cost of £16 million over a five-year period.
The first phase, which included the renewal of 4,000 wood pole brackets, was completed at the end of last year, followed by the renewal of concrete lighting columns and cabling issues.
Phase three is the replacement of older steel, case iron, fibreglass and other columns. No-one from the power company was available to comment.


text:
Seen III, Took 4
Sun Ra & His Solar-Myth Arkestra
The Solar-Myth Approach vol. 1 & 2
If you purchase this track through our affiliate link, WMNF will receive a small cut. Every little bit helps!
Buy from Amazon
We also encourage you to support your local independent music store.


text:
The present invention relates to articles of manfacture, such as films, tubes, and coatings, comprising a multiaxially oriented film having a planar morphology, wherein the article of manfacture comprises at least one thermoplastic flexible polymer, at least one thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, or a blend thereof. Recyclable articles of manufacture having improved barrier properties are also provided.
1. An article of manufacture comprising a multiaxially oriented film having a planar morphology, wherein the film comprises at least one thermoplastic flexible polymer, wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is polyimide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, poly(ethersulfone), poly(etherimide), polyetherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate and blends thereof, and at least one thermotropic rigid-rod polymer, wherein the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is a wholly or partially aromatic polyester or copolyester and blends thereof, the film having a planar morphology in the rigid-rod phase.
2. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is polyimide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, or polystyrene.
3. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 2, wherein the polyimide is LARC-TPI�, ARUM� or blend thereof.
4. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is XYDAR� or VECTRA.�
5. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is present at from about 99 to 50 percent and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is present at from about 1 to 50 percent.
6. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is present at from less than about 95% to greater than about 80% and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is present at from greater than about 5% to less than about 20%.
7. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is present at about 90% and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is present at about 10%.
8. An article of manufacture in accordance with claims 5, 6 or 7 wherein the thermoplastic flexible polymer is a polyimide and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is XYDAR� or VECTRA.�
9. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 8, wherein the polyimide is LARC-TPI� or ARUM� present at about 90% and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is XYDAR� or VECTRA� present at about 10%.
10. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 9, wherein the permeability to oxygen is less than about 4 cc-Mil/100 Sq. In./Day at 1 ATM.
11. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 9, wherein the permeability to water vapor is less than about 2.5 Gm-Mil/100 Sq. In./Day at 1 ATM.
12. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the permeability to oxygen is less than about 10 c-Mil/100 Sq. In./Day at 1 ATM.
13. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the permeability to water vapor is less than about 3 Gm-Mil/100 Sq. In./Day at 1 ATM.
14. An article of manufacture in accordance with claims 1, 12, or 13, wherein the article is recyclable.
15. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multiaxial orientation is about equal in two orthogonal directions in the film plane.
16. An article of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein the article is a tube or a coating.
17. An article of manufacture comprising a multiaxially oriented film, wherein the film comprises a blend of at least one thermoplastic flexible polymer and at least one thermotropic rigid-rod polymer, the film having a planar morphology in the rigid-rod polymer phase.
Funding for the present invention was obtained from the Government of the United States by virtue of Contract Nos. NAS1-18527, NAS1-19025 and NAS1-19302 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Thus, the Government of the United States has certain rights in and to the invention claimed herein.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/130,643 filed Oct. 1, 1993, now abandoned, which is a continuation of International Application PCT/US92/02616 filed on Mar. 31, 1992 and which designated the U.S.
This invention relates to the extrusion of multiaxially oriented articles of manufacture having a planar morphology from thermoplastic flexible polymers, thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers, (homopolymers, copolymers, and the like) and blends containing thermoplastic flexible polymers and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Preferred thermoplastic flexible polymers include polyimide, polypropylene, polycarbonate and polystyrene. Preferred thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers include those commercially available thermotropic polymers sold under the trade names of XYDAR� LCP and VECTRA� LCP.
There is a growing demand for high temperature and high performance polymers. It is particularly desirable to be able to control the molecular orientation of such polymers and to tailor the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to optimize properties.
Polymers having improved properties have been obtained by the incorporation of reinforcing fibers, such as, glass, carbon and aramid, to form fiber reinforced polymers. However, disadvantages well known to those of ordinary skill in the art accompany the use of each of these reinforcing fibers.
Performance gains over fiber reinforced polymers have been achieved by blending thermoplastic flexible polymers with thermotropic rigid-rod polymers which are also called thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs). These blends are sometimes referred to as polymer microcomposites.
Thermoplastic polymers used in making reinforced polymer composites, such as those described above, include a wide range of thermoplastics, such as polyimides, polyethylene, polystyrene and copolymers thereof, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyetherimide and polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate. These thermoplastic polymers are either amorphous or semi-crystalline and may be called flexible chain polymers, since individual monomer units in the polymer chain are free to rotate with respect to each other so that the polymer chain may assume a random shape.
Thermotropic LCPs are a relatively new class of polymeric materials which combine the advantages of melt processability and outstanding mechanical properties. Due to their rigid-rod molecular conformation and capability to form highly oriented crystalline structures, i.e., an ordered phase when subjected to shear above their melting point, they form products with properties similar to fiber reinforced composites. However, if the orientation of the polymer is in only one direction, such products are not suitable for applications requiring strength in more than one direction. Because of their rigid backbone structure with flexible spacer groups, commercially available TLCPs have far higher tensile strength and flexural moduli than conventional polymers.
Thermotropic LCPs can be processed in the melt state and they are capable of forming a highly oriented fibrillar structure when subjected to shear above their melting point. Methods for producing such highly oriented fibrillar structures are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,973,442; 4,939,325; 4,963,428; and 4,966,807 (hereinafter referred to collectively as the "CRD Patents"). The disclosure of each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference. A brief discussion of this methodology follows.
A schematic diagram of the process disclosed in the CRD Patents is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. A combination of shear and elongational flows during the extrusion process orients the TLCP polymers. This controlled orientation can be accomplished with the counter-rotating die shown in FIG. 1A that aligns TLCP molecules along at least two distinct axes within a single ply. The angle that the TLCP fibrils make with the longitudinal axis of the film is �theta, where theta can be varied from near zero to over 50 degrees. By rotating the mandrels, a transverse shear flow is superimposed on the axial shear developed as the polymer melt is extruded through the die. It is possible to obtain films in accordance with the CRD Patents having a thickness ranging from about 0.0001 to 0.060 inches.
In the CRD Patents, the objective was to obtain extruded articles, such as films and tubular components, having optimized tensile strength, tensile modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, and other properties related to in-plane stresses and deflections of the film. As disclosed in the CRD Patents, such properties can be controlled and enhanced by alignment, orientation and organization of the rigid thermotropic LCP molecules. In the technology disclosed in the CPD Patents, reinforcement is achieved by the LCPs in fibrillar form. This morphology was observed directly microscopically and indirectly through effect on mechanical properties.
In such methods, subsequent post-die processing enhances the orientation already present as the material exits the die. For example, post processing such as post-die draw in the transverse and/or machine direction can be performed on the extruded article to further optimize properties or obtain a finished product.
Because TLCPs form an ordered phase in the melt (hence, the name thermotropic), they have shear viscosities far lower than other polymers, This property gives them potential importance as a processing aid.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers have received increasing attention in the scientific and technical literature as in situ reinforcements in polymer blends and microcomposites. The range of high performance thermoplastic flexible polymers blended with TLCPs include polyimides, polyamides, PES, PEI, PEEK, polycarbonate, PET, PPS, and polyarylace. The blending of thermoplastic flexible polymers and LCPs occur at various size scales down to the molecular level to form the systems referred to as polymer microcomposites (PMC).
The microstructure of a polymer microcomposite is similar to fiber-reinforced composites except that the fibers are at a micron to submicron scale. Blends of thermoplastic polymers and TLCPs are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,386,174; 4,728,698; 4,835,047; and 4,871,817, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The potential advantages of blending thermoplastic matrix polymers with thermotropic LCPs are well recognized. Yet, despite the potential advantages of combining thermoplastics with TLCPs, traditional processing steps have failed to yield the optimal properties desired in blends. To achieve the optimal properties with such blends, processing techniques are used that permit the controlled orientation of the rigid-rod polymer in melt state and subsequent freezing in the desired morphology.
Although fibers and films of LCP blends have shown the most promise in terms of properties, they typically have consisted of a highly uniaxially oriented structure with correspondingly inferior transverse properties. This anisotropy is the bane of thermotropic LCP blends, limiting their use primarily to spun fibers. To extend the applications of thermoplastic flexible polymers/TLCP blends to two and three dimensional articles, the fibrillar orientation of the TLCP reinforcing phase must be controlled. Indeed, the processing of such blends into films, tubes, and other structures has been severely hindered by the difficulties encountered in con-rolling the orientation and CTE of the final product.
Until recently it had not been possible to form articles, such as films and tubes, comprising blends of thermoplastic flexible polymers and TLCPs and to obtain controlled multiaxial orientation of such articles. Such articles and methods of obtaining them are disclosed in application Ser. No. 07/678,080, filed Apr. 1, 1991, now abandoned. One such method involves use of a counter-rotating die (CRD) and the technology disclosed in the CRD Patents, supra.
In general, a multiaxially oriented article is produced which has a tailored CTE and comprises at least one thermotropic LCP and at least one thermoplastic flexible. The method comprises:
(i) extruding a melt of the polymer or polymers, under conditions which impart axial and transverse shear thereto to form a multiaxially oriented article; and
(ii) maintaining the article under conditions to enable solidification of the orientation formed in step (i).
The method may further comprise the step of subjecting the article to post-die draw in the axial and/or transverse direction between steps (i) and (ii). When it is desirable to increase the bend and fracture toughness of the article, e.g., the film or tube, the film or tube is stretched at above the Tg of the thermoplastic flexible polymer.
Co-pending Ser. No. 07/678,080 filed Apr. 11, 1991, now abandoned teaches that LCP-thermoplastic blends can be processed as disclosed in the CRD Patents to achieve fibrillar morphology and to orient the fibrils during processing to greatly improve mechanical properties with only small amounts of LCP (10% for example) in the blend.
A major problem currently exists in the packaging industry because of the relatively poor barrier properties of plastic materials used in films, bags, bottles, cars and ocher containers. Packaging materials have long since been developed with excellent barrier properties, but they do so with multiple layers, typically three to seven layers, including separate layers for oxygen and moisture barriers. Although special co-extrusion machinery has been developed to make such films, they are still perceived as being environmentally "unfriendly" because they cannot be recycled. Also, co-extrusion requires the use of secondary "tie" layers to bond the other layers together, and the machinery is generally more expensive to build and operate than equipment for extrusion and processing of single polymer materials.
Furthermore, it is not possible to recycle most of such multiple layer packaging materials, because the components of the multi-layers are irreversibly melted together during thermoplastic recycling. Plastic materials which can be recycled (such as polyethylene) are not very good barriers to gases such as oxygen, air and water vapor, and therefore cannot be used for long storage times. Accordingly, materials which combine excellent barrier properties with ability to recycle, creating a new generation of food and beverage packaging materials are being sought.
The present invention provides multiaxially oriented articles, such as films, tubes and coatings, having a planar or laminar morphology and comprising at least one thermoplastic flexible polymer, at least one thermotropic rigid-rod polymer, i.e., thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP), and blends thereof.
It has unexpectedly beer found that the processing technology disclosed in the CRD Patents and in Ser. No. 07/678,080 filed Apr. 1, 1991, now abandoned, can be controlled to produce multiaxially oriented articles having a planar rather than fibrillar morphology. It has also unexpectedly been discovered that the highly oriented planar or laminar morphology of the present invention provides enhanced barrier properties over the fibrillar morphology disclosed in the CRD Patents and in Ser. No. 07/678,080 filed Apr. 1, 1991, now abandoned.
By the fibrillar morphology disclosed in the CRP Patents and in Ser. No. 07/678,080 filed Apr. 1, 1991, now abandoned, is meant that discrete fibrils are formed and oriented as illustrated in FIG. 2C, i.e., multiaxially oriented. FIGS. 2A and 2C illustrate the various orientations imparted to rigid-rod polymers by stress conditions. Typically, LCP polymers subjected to shear stress assume a uniaxial orientation as illustrated in FIG. 2A. Ordered polymers in solution have the scattered or random nematic orientation illustrated in FIG. 2B. FIG. 2C illustrates the twisted nematic (or cholesteric) orientation imparted to ordered polymers by processing under the method of the CRD Patents and Ser. No. 07/678,080 filed Apr. 1, 1991, now abandoned.
In contrast, in a planar or laminar morphology or microstructure as shown in FIG. 3A, the two-dimensional laminar layers are much less thick than the entire film, they overlap one another, and they extend over the entire length and width of the film. In comparison, a composite film made by conventional compounding and extrusion methods will contain discrete polymer regions which are not laminar and do not overlap. In many cases, such as the blending of LCPs and thermoplastics, workers report droplets of one component in the other, as shown in FIG. 3B. Such a droplet, if extruded under conditions to produce a fibrillar microstructure, e.g. as disclosed in the CRD patents, will not improve the barrier properties of the composite as does the planar morphology of the present invention.
By using transverse shear and control of temperature during extrusion in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the polymer layers are put in series providing the best barrier, rather than in parallel (see FIG. 8) where gases can permeate through the path of least resistance. In other words, shear forces applied to the polymers during film extrusion impart a planar or laminar arrangement of the polymer molecules, much like a deck of cards, resulting in high resistance to gas permeation through the film The planar morphology provides improved resistance to gas permeability through the thickness of the articles of the present invention. This morphology also enhances dielectric properties, such as, dielectric constant, dielectric breakdown strength and tan delta. Accordingly, the present invention also provides articles of manufacture, e.g., films, tubes and coatings having improved barrier and dielectric properties.
Some advantages provided by the planar morphology of the present invention over other barrier layers are: it can replace multi-layer materials with a single layer resulting in the ability to recycle and reduce manufacturing costs, it can reduce the thickness of the barrier layer resulting in a cost savings and reduction of material to dispose or recycle, since it contains no metal layers it can be used with microwave cooking, and it can be used with many conventional fabrication methods (such as heat sealing) common to the food packaging industry. Other benefits of the invention will be apparent from the discussion and examples.
Thermoplastic flexible polymers suitable for use in the present invention include polyimide, polypropylene, polycarbonate and polystyrene, and blends thereof. Polyimide represent one type of preferred polymers. See FIG. 4A. Polyimides such as LARC-TPI,� and ARUM.� formerly known as NEW-TPI,� are particularly preferred polymers for use in the present invention. The structure of LARC-TPI,� is shown in FIG. 4B and of ARUM� is shown in FIG. 4C. LARC-TPI� and ARUM� are available from Mitsui-Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
Thermotropic LCPs suitable for use in the present invention include, e.g., wholly and partially aromatic polyester and copolyesters. XYDAR� see FIG. 5A, is one such preferred polymer for use in the present invention (available from Amoco Performance Products, Inc.) and is based on terephthalic acid, p,p'-dihydroxybiphenyl, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. VECTRA� see FIG. 5B and 5C, is another preferred TLCP for use in the present invention (available from Hoechst Celanese Corp.) and can be characterized as primarily aromatic polyesters based on parahydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxynaphthoic acid. Both types of polyesters contain relatively rigid chains of long, flat monomer units which undergo ordering in the melt. They are also referred to as nematic, anisotropic, or self-reinforcing polymers.
In embodiments of the present invention wherein the article comprises a blend of thermotropic LCP and thermoplastic flexible polymer the proportion of polymers selected will depend upon the intended use of the final article produced therefrom. In preferred blends, the thermoplastic flexible polymer is present at from about 99 to 50 weight % and the thermotropic rigid-rod polymer is present at from about 1 to 50 weight %. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is present at about from less than 95 percent to greater than 80 percent and the TLCP is present at about from greater than 5 percent to less than 20 percent.
In selecting thermoplastic flexible polymers and TLCPs for use in the blends of the present invention, both the thermodynamic and rheological properties of these polymers must be considered.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, LARC-TPI,� ARUM� and mixtures thereof, are blended with XYDAR� or VECTAO� TLCPs and melt extruded by utilizing a counter-rotating die to produce a multiaxially oriented film having a planar morphology through varying the processing parameters, particularly the temperature and transverse shear, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. These films have a multiaxial orientation in the TLCP phase and have a planar morphology, as well as improved barrier properties.
An immediate advantage of such composite films is that the barrier properties are as good or better than "environmentally unfriendly" multi-layer laminated packages that can not be recycled.
This development is of interest to the food and beverage packaging industry, because it can replace the complex, multi-layer laminated structures typical of packaging where strength, toughness and barrier properties are all required, such as snack food bags, juice boxes, frozen foods packaging and beverage bottling.
Films comprising the TLCP/thermoplastic blends of the present invention should exhibit the low permeability properties of multi-layer packaging, but should be fully recyclable. A film processed using the teachings of the present invention is two orders of magnitude less permeable to oxygen and water vapor that PVDC and is not thought co be toxic, based on currently available information. This unique combination makes it possible to produce containers for carbonated fluids, for example, with extended shelf-life. Furthermore, the TLCP/thermoplastic flexible polymer blends of the present invention are recyclable. These recyclable LCP blends provide other key advantages over multi-layer packages, including:
Potentially lower product cost
Wider range of performance (higher temperature, strength)
Ability to form into articles of manufacture not possible with multi-layer films
The cost of TLCP/thermoplastic flexible polymer blend packaging should be less than multi-layers because less complex and expensive extrusion equipment will be needed. Also, the barrier performance of the LCP portion of the blend is 100 to 1,000 times higher than the base plastic portion, so the cost per unit performance of the blend is actually less than the basic plastic itself.
The properties of LCP blends of the present invention are likely to be better than most packaging materials, based on the strength, high temperature capability, chemical inertness, tear resistance, wet strength, and fatigue strength of the LCP's.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a schematic illustration of one process in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2C illustrates various orientations that can be imparted to ordered polymers by stress conditions.
FIG. 2B illustrates the scattered or random nematic orientation of ordered polymers in solution.
FIG. 3A shows a schematic representation of the planar morphology of the present invention.
FIG. 3B show a schematic representation of droplets of LCPs in a thermoplastic polymer matrix.
FIG. 4A shows a preferred class of thermoplastic polymers for use in the present invention.
FIG. 4B shows a particularly preferred polyimide for use in the present invention.
FIG. 4C shows another particularly preferred polyimide, ARUM,� formerly known as NEW-TPI� for use in the present invention.
FIG. 5A shows one general formula for XYDAR,� one preferred type of TLCP for use in the present invention.
FIGS. 5B and 5C show general formulae for VECTRA,� another particularly preferred type of TLCP for use in the present invention.
FIG. 6 show a comparison of barrier properties of a film produced in accordance with the present invention, i.e., FMI LCP, and conventional barrier films.
FIG. 7A shows electron micorgraphs of a XYDAR� LCP film having a planar morphology in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7B shows an electron micrograph of a film having a planar morphology in accordance with the present invention, wherein the film comprises 10% XYDAR� LCP and 90% ARUM.�
FIG. 8A illustrates the in-series arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 8B illustrates the in-parallel arrangement achieved with fibrillar morphology.
FIG. 9 shows how LCP addition substantially reduced the permeability of oxygen and water vapor through a polyimide film.
FIGS. 10A to 10C show extrusion conditions for biaxial extrusion of films in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of polyimide/TLCP tertiary blend systems.
The present invention provides multiaxially oriented structures, such as films, coatings, and tubes, having a planar or laminar morphology, and methods of making such structures. The structures of the present invention comprise at least one thermotropic LCP, at least ore thermoplastic flexible polymer, or are formed from a blend comprising at least one thermoplastic flexible polymer and at least one thermotropic rigid-rod polymer.
The following definitions of multiaxially oriented film characteristics are useful in understanding the present invention:
______________________________________balanced biaxial a film having maximum strength and stiffness at approximately � 45 deg. to the machine direction, but exhibiting the least angular dependence of these properties.predominantly a film having maximum strength and stiffness in the uniaxial machine direction, but also with some strength within � 20 deg. of the machine direction.nearly uniaxial a film having maximum strength and stiffness in the machine direction, with some strength within only � 5 deg. of the machine direction.______________________________________
As used herein, the generic term for those orientations not meeting specific definitions above, but providing strength to a film in both the machine and transverse directions is "multiaxial."
Thermoplastic flexible polymers useful in the practice of the present invention, include polyimide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and polystyrene. Such thermoplastic polymers are selected, in part, on the basis of properties, such as melt viscosity and thermal stability.
Thermoplastic flexible polymers for melt extrusion in accordance with the present invention typically have a melt viscosity in the range of about 10E4 to 10E5 poise. Additives may be incorporated into these polymers to bring the viscosity into the appropriate range.
The thermal stability of such polymers must be taken into consideration because the polymer must not significantly degrade during extrusion. Extrusion at lower temperatures can reduce the thermal degradation of a particular thermoplastic. However, this must be balanced against any increase in polymer viscosity caused by dropping the temperature. Other desirable characteristics include low outgassing and good flow.
Although polyimides will be used to illustrate thermoplastic flexible polymers in the present invention, the invention is not so limited. Preferred thermoplastic polyimides for use in this invention include those polyimides having the general structure shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C.
LARC-TPI� and ARUM� thermoplastic polyimides, commercially available from Mitsui-Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., have excellent flow properties and thermal stability, and are particularly preferred thermoplastic polymers for use in the present invention. By combining such polyimides with thermotropic LCPs as taught herein, the orientation can be controlled and the CTE can be tailored.
The chemistry of LARC-TPI� is shown in FIG. 4B. In the imide form it can be formed, laminated, or molded in the substantial absence of solvents or evolved materials. LARC-TPI� achieves its processability and its suitability for lamination through chemistry based upon a polyamic acid precursor capable of imidization by further heating. The imidized film offers good adhesion, flow and flexibility at moderate temperatures, with the chemical and thermal resistance increasing dramatically after heat treatment (increased imidization). As a linear aromatic polyimide, LARC-TPI exhibits the chemical insensitivity, high thermal resistance, low moisture sensitivity, radiation and thermo-oxidative resistance and good mechanical properties of other materials of this class (e.g., ULTEM�, bismaleimide, THERMID�). These properties are relevant to aircraft and aerospace applications, where lightweight, stiff structures are needed; and to electronic circuit board applications, where the high temperature (soldering) resistance and dimensional stability are most attractive.
Two especially preferred classes of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers exhibiting desired performance characteristics for use in the present invention are Amoco's XYDAR� TLCPs and Hoechst-Celanese's VECTRA� TLCs polymers. The general chemical structures of these polymers are shown in FIG. 5.
Processing characteristics and compatibility are considerations in selecting the appropriate thermoplastic polymers and TLCP(s) for use in the blends in accordance with the present invention. By compatibility is meant both thermodynamic miscibility and the relative Theological properties between the phases. Usually, polymer blends are immiscible, and none more so than rigid-rod LCPs with flexible chain polymers. However, too great a miscibility may eliminate the hierachical fibrillar structure present, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the reinforcement provided by the high modulus TLCP.
Other conventional ingredients are optionally included in the polymer blends of the present invention. Such ingredients include, pigments, fillers, stabilizers and so forth, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art of polymer processing.
The processability of the polyimide was greatly enhanced through reduction in the melt viscosity by virtue of the incorporation of the TLCP into the blend. When processed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, high shear forces and temperature control applied to such blends during extrusion, impart a laminar arrangement of the polymer molecules, much like a deck of cards, resulting in high resistance to gas permeation through the film.
The present invention will be illustrated by multiaxially oriented films having a planar morphology wherein the film comprises XYDAR� LCP or a blend of XYDAR� LCP and a polyimide. However, it is understood that the present invention is not so limited.
In accordance with the present invention a laminar layered type of morphology is achieved to obtain improved barrier properties. Special processing means are more effective at producing layered morphology than the previously disclosed means for making fibrillar reinforcement, i.e. , disclosed in the CRD Patents and in co-pending Ser. No. 07/678,080.
The following are processing parameters which will produce a planar layered morphology in the LCP regions of the blend:
1. High transverse shear produced by rotation raze of the circular die. Rotation rate should be higher than that used to produce film with the best mechanical properties in the extrusion direction. The rotation rate for production of film with the best barrier properties, i.e., planar morphology, could be 2 to 5 times higher than that for the best mechanical properties, i.e., fibrillar morphology.
2. The LCP phase must be melted and be at a low viscosity relative to the thermoplastic phase.
3. The film should be drawn equally in two orthogonal directions after extrusion from the die, while the LCP-thermoplastic blend is in a partially solidified state. In contrast, film with high mechanical properties is typically drawn preferentially in one of two orthogonal directions.
4. Laminar flow conditions (rather than turbulent conditions) are maintained in the die.
Although some of the conditions used to produce the layered morphology of the present invention are the same as the conditions disclosed in the CRD Patents to produce the fibrillar morphology, more specialized controls are needed. This is because a fibrillar (one-dimensional) morphology is easier to achieve via extrusion than a planar (two-dimensional) one. The fibrils are discrete and have a small diameter and can be thought of as one-dimensional, i.e., having length only. In contrast in the planar morphology, the individual "layers" are formed of many fibers and can, thus, be thought of as two-dimensional, i.e., as having width, in addition to length.
The counter-rotating die itself is not sufficient to create planar morphology. Temperature, shear rate, total shear strain, axial flow rate, pressure, and draw ratios must all be controlled in as taught herein to produce the layered LCP microstructure, rather than a fibrillar arrangement of the LCP molecules.
Extrusion conditions described in TABLE 3 are for the production of films comprising TLCP/polyimide blends having a fibrillar morphology. These conditions were modified to produce the planar morphology of the present invention. The 10% XYDAR�/90% ARUM� film shown in FIG. 7B and the XYDAR� LCP film shown in FIG. 7A were produced under the following conditions.
______________________________________Feed ScrewRate Speed Temperature (� F.)Powder (g/min) (rpm) Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Die______________________________________10% 28 98 700 720 730 725XYDAR �90%ARUM �XYDAR � 25 110 610 650 640 630______________________________________
Additionally, a glass tube cooling ring was used outside the die to quench the melt and :he screw compression ratio was 6:1 rather than 4:1 as described in the Examples which follow.
In general, high shear and control of temperature are important to achieve the planar morphology in the LCP region of the blend. High transverse shear is produced by controlling the rotation rate of the GRD as described above. The temperature is controlled by controlling both the die and the exit temperature. Upon the die the extrudate was blown against a chilling ring which controls the temperature at that point.
The exit temperature of the extrudate should be slightly below the melt, i.e., the exiting polymer is partially solidified. If it is in the fully molten phase, it does not have melt strength (strength of extrudate) to be blown. It must be tacky enough to be capable of orientation and have enough strength to be blown without exploding.
To get the planar morphology, the temperature of the extrudate is slightly lower then for obtaining the standard fibrillar film.
FIG. 6 compares the barrier properties of a film comprising XYDAR� thermotropic LCP polymer, processed in accordance with the present invention with some standard barrier films produced using conventional extrusion technology, i.e., not by use of the technology disclosed in the CRD Patents or in the present application.
In FIG. 6, the block labeled "FMI LCP", represents XYDAR� TLCP processed in accordance with the present invention to produce a planar morphology. The block labeled "Vendor LCP" represents an LCP produced using conventional extrusion technology. It can be seen that oxygen permeability is improved by an order of magnitude and water vapor permeability is improved by eight, as compared with Vendor LCP.
FIG. 7A show electron micrographs of the FMI LCP described above. The bottom layer is shown at 1, the top layer is shown at 2, and an intermediate layer is shown at 3.
The barrier properties of films comprising blends of thermoplastic flexible polymers and thermotropic LCPs produced in accordance with the present invention were compared with the barrier properties of (i) a film comprising the thermotropic LCP extruded using conventional extrusion technologies and (ii) a film comprising a blend of thermoplastic flexible polymer and thermotropic LCP, also extruded using conventional extrusion technology.
These studies were conducted with films of ARUM�/XYDAR� blends containing up to 30 wt percent LCP.
The barrier properties of a thermoplastic film processed through the CRD substantially improve with the addition of an LCP phase. For example, by processing a blend of polyimide and LCP, the permeability of the film to oxygen decreased by eightfold and to water vapor by over sixteenfold by adding as little as 10 wt percent XYDAR� LCP to the polyimide. An electron micrograph of this film is shown in FIG. 7.
The reason for this improved barrier performance is that the LCP regions are thought to form a laminar arrangement in the blend. It is estimated that these layers are approximately 0.1 to 1.5 micron thick, and overlap one another. In comparison, a composite film not made using the technology in the CRD Patents, will contain discrete LCP regions which form particles that are neither laminar not overlapping. This particulate arrangement as shown in FIG. 3B contributes little to better barrier performance, unless the amount of LCP is very high, over 70% by volume.
CRD processed blend films put the laminar LCP layers. "in-series" to the permeation direction; the conventional process places the LCP region "in parallel" with the permeation direction. FIG. 8A shows "in-series" arrangement and FIG. 8B shows "in-parallel" arrangement. This has a significant effect on the barrier properties of the composite, such that the F-M "series" composites are 10 to 100 times better than the "parallel" composites. Barrier properties in "series" can be represented by the equation Bc=V1B1+V2B2 and barrier properties "in parallel" can be represented by the equation Pc=V1P1+V2P2, where:
B--Barrier Property
P--Permeability (-i/B)
V--Volume Fraction
FIG. 9 shows the permeability relationships for the two types of composite films. In the "parallel" composite, tine permeability of the composite is the arithmetic sum of the permeability of each component. The permeability of each component is given by the volume fraction times the inherent permeability of the material. In the "series" composite, the barrier property (reciprocal of permeability) of the composite is the arithmetic sum of the barrier property of each component. This results in an idealized hyperbolic relationship between composite permeability and volume fraction of the LCP. Since the permeability of the LCPs is 100 to 1,000 times lower than that of the base thermoplastic resin, the difference between "series" and "parallel" relationships is dramatic. The data of 10% LCP in the polyimide indicates that a "series" composite barrier film was achieved using the modification of the methodology of the CRD Patents.
Examples 1 to 4, which follow, describe experiments which are disclosed in co-pending Ser. No. 07/678,080 in which a fibrillar morphology was produced. These examples are included to aid in the understanding of the present invention. Standard commercially available reagent grade chemicals were used whenever possible.
A 3/4 in. single screw extruder with three heating zones was used in the Examples. A counter-rotating die (CRD), were used to produce multiaxial films and multiaxial tubes by melt processing XYDAR� fully imidized LARC-TPI� powder, and blends thereof. Extrusion grades of the polymers were used wherever possible.
As explained above, prior to melt extrusion, an appreciation of the polymers Theological properties is necessary, both in order to select appropriate polymers for blending and to select extrusion conditions. If these properties are not available, e.g., in the literature or from the manufacturer, they may be determined in accordance with well-established methodology.
The melt viscosities of polymers used in the examples were obtained from the manufacturers, from literature, and, where needed, measured by Foster-Miller using a parallel plate rheometer and conventional methodology.
A rod die was used to help identify the most suitable LARC-TPI� type polymer for use in the present invention (i.e., Mitsui grades versus DURIMID�) and to determine the general conditions for multiaxial extrusion through the CRD. Both the rod die and the CRD were used with the same extruder, so the information gained from one could be related to the other system. The rod die had a die gap of 0.635 cm (0.25 in.) and a temperature capability of 370� C. (700� F.).
In all, the following polymers were extruded through the rod die:
Neat DURIMID�
DURIMID� containing 10 weight percent 6F Diimide
DURIMID� containing 5 weight percent VECTRA�
Mitsui 1500 -LARC-TPI�
Mitsui 2000 LARC-TPI
The extrusion conditions for these systems are summarized in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________EXTRUSION CONDITIONS FOR LARC-TPI POWDERSPROCESSED THROUGH A ROD DIE Feed Screw Rate Speed Temperatures (� F.)Powder (g/min) (rpm) Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Die Comments__________________________________________________________________________Durimid 30 75-100 695 695 700 685 Unable to produce any extrudateDurimid + 10% 30 75-100 520 550 550 525 Material experienced6F Diimide long residence times and became degradedDurimid + 20% 30 75-100 460 470 470 470 Degraded6F DiimideDurimid + 30 75-85 620 630 630 620 Low integrity extrudateVextra resulted due to incompatible melt temperatures and poor flow of the DurimidMitsui 1500 30 75-100 630 650 650 660 Excellent extrudate, good flow and low residence times will allow the production of good quality filmsMitsui 2000 30 75-100 590 595 600 585 Poor extrudate, unable to produce quality rods due to instability of the material__________________________________________________________________________ Extrusion temperature Zone 1: where material is fed into the extruder to soften the material. Extrusion temperature Zone 2: where material is mixed and sheared and begins to melt; also referred to as the transition zone. Extrusion temperature Zone 3: where material is fully melted under shear and travels to the die. Extrusion temperature Zone 4: where the temperature is near that of Zone 3 to allow good flow and film formation. Residence time the length of time the material is exposed to high temperature and shear in the extruder. (Long residence times cause the material to degrade.) Screw Speed the speed at which the screw turns. Feed Rate the speed at which material is fed into the extruder. Takeup speed the speed at which extrudate is pulled from the die.
These conditions, along with the quality of the extrudates, were used to select the preferred materials for multiaxial extrusion, and, to set initial extrusion temperature, residence time, screw speed, feed rate, and takeup speed. The most promising grade of LARC-TPI� for extrusion purposes was the Mitsui 1500 which exhibited a consistent rheology and thermal stability. It was also least dependent on residence time which made it more attractive than other grades of LARC-TPI�.
DURIMID� and Mitsui 2000 LARC-TPI� was not successfully extruded through the rod-die extruder due to their high melt viscosity (>107 poise) and their volatile nature. The DURIMID� powder was not end-capped, resulting in a molecular weight increase in the extruder during processing. To avoid this, a residence time in the extruder of less than one minute was required, but this did not allow complete melting of the powders inside the extruder. The Mitsui 2000 LARC-TPI� is also not extrusion grade and is less stable than Mitsui 1500 LARC-TPI�. The resulting rods exhibited poor mechanical integrity and large voids, which indicated some outgassing had occurred. Addition of 6F Diimide and LCP VECTRA� markedly lowered the viscosity of DURIMID�, but volatilization still occurred. Based on these studies of LARC-TPI� type polyimides, Mitsui 1500 LARC-TPI� polyimide was selected for extrusion through the CRD.
Two types of films, neat Mitsui 1500 polyimide LARC-TPI� and Mitsui 1500 LARC-TPI�/XYDAR� blends, were extruded through a CRD similar to that shown in FIG. 1A. Two volume fractions XYDAR� at 10 and 30 volume percents were produced.
The 1500 LARC-TPI� used for this study was a fully imidized polyimide with an average particle size of 5 to 7 micrometers. Since it was not available in large quantities, several 5-lb batches had to be used for the different extrusion experiments. However, because this was an experimental grade material, the glass transition temperature varied from batch to batch and its melting point was in the range of about 285 to 305� C. The Tg of each batch was determined using a differential scanning colorimeter (DSC), followed by parallel plate rheometry co determine the polymer's viscoelastic properties.
Two types of neat LARC-TPI� films were extruded through the CRD. In the first case, highly drawn near-uniaxial film was processed. In the second case, film was extruded with more transverse orientation. FIGS. 10A-10C summarize preferred conditions for the extrusion of multiaxially oriented Mitsui 1500 LARC-TPI�.
The extrusion process involved first drying the LARC-TPI� polyimide powder at 150� C. for 12 hours to remove moisture. Next, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the powder was introduced into the feed-hopper 1, a nitrogen purged enclosed chamber where powders were protected against moisture during the extrusion process. Next, the powder was fed into the extruder 2 at a rate of 25 to 30 g/min and carried inside the extruder where it was heated. The heated polyimide was carried forward in the barrel via the screw 3, applying shear during the process. The amount of shear depends on two variables, screw speed and the screw compression ratio. Compression ratio is the ratio between the depth of the grooves (teeth) in the back versus the tip of the screw. A 4 to 1 compression ratio to screw was used in this work. For comparison, liquid crystalline polymer XYDAR� is often processed using a 6 to 1 compression ratio screw. The shear rate constantly increased as the material was moved forward in the barrel. The LARC-TPI� eventually exhibited viscoelastic (flow) behavior as a result of a combination of heat and high shear. The viscosity of the LARC-TPI� at this stage was in the range of 1E4 to 1E5 poise. At this point, the polyimide went through a pump block 10 (FIG. 10A) and into the counter-rotating die 20 (FIG. 10A). Once inside the CRD 20, the counter-rotating mandrels 21, 22 applied more shear to the extrudate, thus imparting additional orientation to the exiting film. The exiting film was cooled once it is exposed to room temperature conditions. It was then nipped via nip-rollers which take up the extruded film at a designated rate based on the desired angular orientation. The angular orientation of the finished film was a function of the amount of material entering the die, the rate at which the CRD spins and the rate of take up. See FIG. 10B.
Of the LCPs considered for this works XYDAR� and VECTRA�, XYDAR� was considered the most suitable match for LARC-TPI�. It is available in powder form, and can be extruded at temperatures close to that of LARC-TPI�.
XYDAR� and LARC-TPI� powders were mechanically mixed and dried at 150� C. for 12 hours prior to extrusion as described above. To determine the extrusion conditions, sample powders of the mixture were characterized using a differential scanning colorimeter (DSC) and parallel plate rheometry. FIGS. 10B and 10C summarize the extrusion conditions for 10 weight percent and 30 weight percent XYDAR�, respectively. The extrusion process was the same as described herein above. Two types of films, near-uniaxial, and more transverse, were extruded. The properties of these blended films are summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Orientation TM (GPa) TS (MPa) CTE ppm � C.Polymer (Degree) MD TD MD TD MD TD Elongation__________________________________________________________________________100% LARC-TPI � 24 2.8 2.8 97 104 34 34 10-20% Near 3.2 2.4 130 105 27 38 10% Uniaxial 10% XYDAR/ � 24 5.1 3.2 140 98 12 38 -- 90% LARC-TPI 30% XYDAR � 24 3.2 -- 156 -- 3-4 40 -- 70% LARC-TPI Near 3.0 -- 101 -- 12 -- -- Uniaxial 30% XYDAR Near 3.15 2.25 143 100 3 15 50 12% LARC-TPI Uniaxial 58% NEW-TPI 10% XYDAR � 24 3.12 1.8 135 110 24 33 100% 90% NEW-TPI100% XYDAR � 24 6.2 137 100 +2 +8 5%100% NEW-TPI � 45 2.14 2.15 97 97 44 45 150%__________________________________________________________________________
NEW-TPI� polyimide provided by Mitsui Taotsu Corporation was used in pellet form. ARUM� is highly processable and is a thermally stable polyimide.
FIG. 11 presents a schematic illustration of the tertiary blends studied. A combination of NEW-TPI� and LARC-TPI� was used in order to exploit the best properties of each system. LARC-TPI� is a higher modulus material which is better characterized than NEW-TPI�. NEW-TPI,� on the other hand, is available in pellet form, making it easier to process. It also yields a tougher finished product. Their combination resulted in easily reproducible and processable blends. The ratio of the NEW-TPI� to LARC-TPI� was fixed at 0.75 to 0.25 for all the tertiary systems. Only the weight percent LCP and its type were altered. These differences are discussed below.
A mixture of 0.75 to 0.25 NEW-TPI� to LARC-TPI� was prepared for tertiary blend formulations. LARC-TPI� powder was compacted. The compacts were broken into pieces sufficiently small to mix with NEW-TPI� pellets. The resulting mixture was then mixed with either XYDAR� pellets or VECTRA� pellets. Films with LCP content of 10 and 30 weight percent were produced using the method of Example 3 and characterized. See Table 2, supra.
Blends of VECTRA� between about 5 and 20% and the thermoplastic polymers polypropylene, polycarbonate and polystyrene between about 95 to 80% were also extruded under conditions similar to those described above, the main difference being a lower extrusion temperature. Balanced biaxial (�45 degrees) films varying in thickness from 0.001 inches (1 mil) to 0.005 inches (5 mil) were extruded.
The present invention has been described in detail, including the preferred embodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon consideration of the present disclosure, may make modifications, and/or improvements in this invention and still be within the scope and spirit of this invention as set forth in the following claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Bandage Girl also has her own hidden chapter available once the main Super Meat Boy storyline is complete, called: "The Cotton Alley". In Cotton Alley, Bandage Girl (who leaves behind a pink trail of calomine lotion) must rescue Meat Boy. She handles identically to her boyfriend, which is a good thing, since in this chapter, the only playable character is Bandage Girl. In the original Meat Boy flash game, she was known as "Band-Aid Girl"; her name was changed to avoid legal repercussions.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox-tech mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
On Friday 14 January 2005 08:10 am, Peter Jay Salzman wrote:
> Dylan, did this ever get resolved?
> One course of action is to boot KNOPPIX where you know everything works,
> get the list of modules that are loaded, boot back to your other system and
> manually modprobe them.
> Pete
Not quite yet. The machine now boots, and the PATA/SATA is configured in a
more logical way: the integrated Promise IDE controller is activated, and the
hard disk shows up in the POST screen as an SATA device, and the CDROM shows
up as a PATA device.
However, my kernel still does not see the CDROM drive...
I will spend some time this weekend messing around with it..
Thanks for the follow-up!
Dylan Beaudette
Soils and Biogeochemistry Graduate Group
University of California at Davis
vox-tech mailing list
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
The 2014 sofiTM AWARDS
Kosher Finalists
We are delighted that several companies with kosher products have been nominated as sofiTM Award finalists! How wonderful for kosher eaters that prestigious, innovative, quality brands of this caliber have chosen to go kosher, recognizing and embracing the business benefits and growing market for foods with kosher certification. KosherEye has had the pleasure of trying some of these products, and looks forward to sampling the rest sometime soon. And, of course, we will let you know which companies take home the coveted prizes.
USDA Organic and non-GMO. This company believes that families have a right to know what's in their food and supports food labeling initiatives. Their nominated restaurant style chips are certified organic, Non-GMO project verified, certified gluten free, nut-free and vegan! The variety we tasted was the quinoa tortilla chip. Crunchy, healthful and of course the packaging was eye-catching!
Frozen Savory - Uncle Irv's Caramelized Onion Kugel
All we can say is yumm, Uncle Irv's sure knows his kugel! Kugel, the classic noodle dish passed down from generation to generation, has conveniently made its way to the freezer aisle of the grocery store. The Kugel Company, now lovingly known as Locker Family Recipes has created pre-baked homemade kugels that are ready-to-eat anytime, anywhere. Uncle Irv's caramelized onion kugel has been nominated for the coveted Sofi award. This savory, ready to heat kugel, is scrumptious. It goes well with salmon or fish, or as an entrée on its own. One of our favorite meals was when we paired it with steamed broccoli and enjoyed it for lunch. The kugels are certified OU-Dairy. And the other flavors, don't miss them.


text:
Apply Visit Contact
Our declaration is a bit revolutionary—Lauralton Hall is a high school community of girls, by girls, and for girls! 24/7!
With the camaraderie of friends and the academic tenacity of faculty, there is nothing—simply nothing—a Lauralton woman can't achieve.
Lauralton is more than a high school—it's a second home, a rambunctious sorority, and an educational forum that empowers women—for life!
Classic yet contemporary, supportive yet sparking autonomy, and innovative through and through—that's the vibe of Lauralton Hall.
Supportive friends and a challenging faculty have unleashed confidence and intellect that I didn't even know I had…until Lauralton.
Congrats to our SCC TENNIS TOURNAMENT CHAMPS and to Coach Maureen Ferguson for being selected as the SCC Tennis Coach of the Year!
Amanda Acampora, now in her second season as head softball coach at Lauralton Hall has been selected as CT High School Coaches Association Coach of the Year!
Click here for complete sports schedule.
More News
Lauralton Hall Mission
Inspired by the Mercy Tradition, Lauralton Hall empowers young women to pursue their highest potential through lifelong learning, compassionate service, and responsible leadership in a global society.
The Lauralton Viewbook
Empowering Women for LifeA glimpse of life at Lauralton
LH Twitter
Tweets by @lhchatter
Tweets by @AthleticsatLH
apply now
click here
visit us
contact us
© 2011 All Rights Reserved


text:
New Massage Menu Lime Spa Reno NV
Massage Your therapist will work to improve your mental health, eliminate toxins, and increase your circulation and flexibility. Body Journeys will also offer you a reduction in anxiety/stress and promote relaxation for an improved well being and energy flow. Lime Spa Signature Elements Massage Leave the Stone Age behind and step into a deep sense of […]
Jun 20th 2012
Read More → By emily With no comments


text:
- Horoscopes
- Dear Abby
- Games & Puzzles
- Lifestyle
- Events & Exhibits
- Food & Drink
- Arts & Music
- Movies & TV
Norwich — Alderwoman Deberey Hinchey defeated Alderman Charles Jaskiewicz by 222 votes in Tuesday's Democratic mayoral primary, a result Hinchey attributed to a dedicated campaign team that "worked and worked and worked" for victory.
Hinchey won the primary 877 to 655, with the John B. Stanton School precinct — the home precinct for both candidates — showing the only lopsided results. She won the Stanton precinct 336 to 165.
She now faces incumbent Republican Mayor Peter Nystrom and Libertarian candidate William Russell in the Nov. 5 election. If Hinchey prevails, she would become the city's first female mayor.
"It was just a lot of hard work by a lot of people," Hinchey said at her jubilant victory party at Billy Wilson's Ageing Still, a bar on Broadway. "I tried to do a real grassroots campaign."
Hinchey said she walked through neighborhoods where residents said they never had been visited by a politician before. She said in a couple of incidents, she helped residents with issues.
"People say they don't care, but this shows they do care," she said.
Turnout was slow throughout the day citywide, except in the Stanton precinct, but topped 20 percent by the time the polls closed.
Jaskiewicz, a first-term alderman, past chairman of the Board of Education and currently a member of the State Board of Education, said he was "shocked" by the results. He said he felt he had brought good, strong progressive ideas to the city, and had run a true grassroots campaign.
Several times Tuesday night, Jaskiewicz referred to the professional campaign consulting firm Hinchey had hired to help run her campaign. Hinchey also raised more money than Jaskiewicz, $24,780 to $14,230 through Sept. 1, with much of it used to pay Manchester consultant the Vinci Group's monthly fees and to cover campaign literature, mailings and materials.
After calling Hinchey to concede the race shortly before 8:30 p.m., Jaskiewicz addressed his disappointed crowd at Jack's Brick Oven Pizza on West Main Street.
"We didn't have a consultant paying people to walk (neighborhoods) for us," Jaskiewicz said.
He said professional consultants might be the way of the future for campaigns, even in a small city such as Norwich.
Hinchey defended the use of an outside consultant.
"This is a very important position," she said, "so I used the resources I had to run a professional, grassroots campaign. We did a good job bringing people into the campaign."
Jaskiewicz stopped short of endorsing Hinchey in the November election and said he couldn't say whether he would seek political office in the future. He said he would relax with his family, take a vacation and decide future plans later.
"Maybe my niche is to stay on the State Board of Education," he said.
Hinchey credited longtime Norwich resident and civic activist Lottie Scott for encouraging her to run for City Council four years ago and then for pushing her into the mayor's race. She joked that through college, she always stayed in the background in politics, "stuffing envelopes."
First order of business for Hinchey in Norwich: avoid layoffs
Norwich mayoral candidates debate mayor's role, sex offender placement
30-year-old Mack truck subject of debate in North Stonington
Fire official: Lightning strike likely cause of fire that destroyed home in East Lyme
Senators raise concerns about Yale-New Haven clinic closure plan, citing L+M talks
New London man charged with failing to safeguard gun discharged at middle school
Community members celebrate SCOTUS decision of same-sex marriage
Newly signed state budget changes funding for cities and towns


text:
The Academic Staff Association of Polytechnics, ASUP, has accused Plateau State government of overseeing the decay of the state's education sector through unpopular policies.ASUP National President, Comrade Chibuzor Asomugha, who stated this while addressing journalists in, the Plateau State capital, said the state had over the years experienced a steady drop in standard on different fronts.
Asomugha, who led other leaders of ASUP on a solidarity visit to its members in Plateau State, regretted that, unlike in other states where progress was being made, the state of education in the state had become a thing of concern.
"In 2011, we envisioned the collapse of education in Plateau State and warned that unless urgent steps were taken to address the deterioration, the state was in for the worst. The situation since then has continued to unveil gory pictures of systemic destruction of education in Plateau State,"he said.
"Government's approach to events in the education sector has continued to infect her search for progress in the state, thus leaving on its tail huge deficits on the dreams of the founding fathers of the state and indeed the future of several generations of Plateau people".
ASUP said the decline in the performance of students in the state in the West African School Certificate and National Examination Council examinations in the last five years spoke volumes of the situation. It sympathized with teachers and pupils of public primary schools and local government staff in the state who have been at home since May this year over government's alleged failure to pay N18,000 minimum wage.


text:
Eden, UT (PRWEB) December 26, 2013
CUSTOMS Info Global Data Mining, a leader in international trade content, has added Angola's harmonized tariff to its library of Trade Content.
"The last ten years have been about integrating global duties and taxes," said Ron Lackey, CEO, CUSTOMS Info Global Data Mining, "the next ten years will be about integrating the ever increasing global rule and regulatory schemes into business."
Supporting Resources:
CUSTOMS Info Global Data Mining website: http://www.customsinfo.com
About CUSTOMS Info Global Data Mining
CUSTOMS Info Global Data Mining helps businesses optimize global trade management (GTM) systems and streamline global trade compliance automation. We provide the world's most comprehensive trade data repository delivered via web-based subscription, API web services or as data to populate any GTM or Landed Cost application. We are the largest provider of duty and tax content for international e-commerce with hundreds of e-commerce sites utilizing our data to provide accurate landed cost information. Our data and services provide faster deliveries and fewer border delays. We help multi-national companies increase the informational value of trade data and the productivity of global trade staff to reduce operating costs, improve customs compliance, accelerate supply chain speed and maximize the return on investment of this corporate function. Areas of expertise include customs classification research, customs auditing and trade data analytics/business intelligence.
Working in conjunction with GTM applications, our strategic partners include SAP, Oracle, MIC and other trade software partners. Please visit http://www.customsinfo.com for more information.


text:
E-Mail Address:
Forgot your password?
Log in
Not a member? Register now!
Common Conditions
Related Tools
Find & Review Drugs
Popular Topics
Advice & Support
Medicine may be used to destroy
genital warts, relieve your symptoms, and reduce the
amount of area affected by warts, particularly when the warts are:
Topical medicine often is the first treatment. For safety,
a doctor will apply the topical medicines that could damage the skin around the
warts. You can apply other medicines at home. If warts return after one course
of treatment with topical medicine, they are treated again only if there are
clear reasons for retreatment.
Medicines are not used to treat
abnormal cell changes found on a Pap test. For more information on treating
abnormal cell changes caused by high-risk HPV, see the topic
Abnormal Pap Test.
The following
medicines can be applied to the affected area (topical treatment) at
Do not use these medicines during pregnancy.
Imiquimod and podofilox are typically the most effective medicine options
that can be applied at home. Read the instructions carefully before using these
Treatment by a
doctor can:
Medicines applied by a doctor include:
Treatment for pregnant women includes trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and
bichloroacetic acid (BCA), which have been found to be both effective and safe.
Podophyllin resin, interferon, and fluorouracil should not be used during
pregnancy, because they can harm the fetus.
Avoid sexual contact in the
treated area until the area is completely healed.
Some medicine
may be more expensive than others.
Warts on the vulva or penis
that do not go away on their own or after treatment often are
biopsied to rule out precancerous or cancerous
Removing genital warts does not cure
an HPV infection. Warts may go away with topical treatment, but they may
return, because HPV may still be in the body's cells.
Even if genital warts have been removed or destroyed:
Last Revised:
June 21, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use.
How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
This Site and third parties who place advertisements on this Site may collect and use information about
your visits to this Site and other websites in order to provide advertisements about goods and services of
interest to you. If you would like to obtain more information about these advertising practices and to make
choices about online behavioral advertising, please click here.


text:
Streamline network printing and print management with the very affordable HP Print Server Appliance (PSA) 4250. This scalable, state-of-the-art device manages print spooling, drivers, queues, and network traffic to reduce the workload on your general-purpose server. With the HP PSA 4250, you spend less time managing your printing and your network users experience fewer disruptions. Reduce the time you spend deploying and managing network printing. The HP PSA 4250, preloaded with HP printer drivers, installs quickly and conveniently using a standard Web browser. Once it is up and running, manage it remotely through the embedded Web server, or manage several at once through the free HP Web Jetadmin software and Print Appliance Manager plug-in. The HP PSA 4250 keeps your bottom line in mind. Unlike pricey print servers, it does not require per-user fees or NOS licenses, and it reduces traffic on the WAN. You can easily upgrade the PSA by visiting the Web to download the latest features.
Main specifications
Compatibility :
HP Color LaserJet 4600 series, HP LaserJet 2300 series, HP LaserJet 8150 series, HP LaserJet 9000 series, HP Business Inkjet 2600 series, HP Business Inkjet 3000 series, HP Designjet 500 series, HP Designjet wide format series, Color LaserJet 1500L, HP LaserJet 1220, LaserJet 4100mfp, LaserJet 4101mfp, Deskjet 1220c/ps, Deskjet 1220cxi, Deskjet 995c, HP Officejet g55xi, HP Designjet 1055cm, HP Designjet 1055cm Plus, Designjet 430 (24-inch), Designjet 430 (36-inch), Designjet 800 (24-inch), Designjet 800 (42-inch), Designjet 800ps (24-inch), Designjet 800ps (42-inch)


text:
The 2012 Enterprise Risk Management Conference KeyNotes Report
Corporate Authorship TCB
Publication Date:
March 2013
Enterprise risk management is not a stand-alone process. Instead, it needs to be tied to decision making and business strategy. To make sure they cover all the bases, companies should conduct a risk assessment for individual objectives and make sure all business units, the C-suite, and board members understand the risks.


text:
Dancing With The Stars
Kirstie Alley's Shocking Weight Loss: 100 Pounds?
Kirstie Alley's rapidly transforming body was one of the top reasons to tune in to Dancing With the Stars Season 12, but the star's dramatic transformation didn't stop with the show. In a recent interview with Entertainment Tonight, Kirstie says that she's lost 100 pounds — and at age 60, she feels better than ever. "I feel like I'm back in my element," she said.
She looked comfortable hitting the catwalk during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in New York City this week at the Zang Toi show — and she's down to sample sizes now that she's a size 4. Could more modeling be in the future for Kirstie? Even if she does, she says she intends to keep it natural. "I haven't had plastic surgery... People do plastic surgery to make you look younger. I don't think it makes you look younger. I [think] it can make you look weirder."
We have to hand it to her — Kirstie always keeps it real!
Source: Us Magazine


text:
Total Items: 0 Current Total: $0.00
View Larger Image
Email this product to a friend
Try the Star Wars Yoda Dog Costume if he is as wise as his master. This fun officially licensed STAR WARS ™ pet costume includes a Yoda character headpiece with ears and a jumpsuit with attached arms.
Available in Pet sizes: Small, Medium, Large and X-Large.
Check out the rest of our STAR WARS pet costumes!
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 By The Sword All rights reserved
Contact Us: email@example.com


text:
Vote: Yatagarasu
I'm willing to go with this.
Printable View
Vote: Yatagarasu
I'm willing to go with this.
Vote: Yatagarasu
What KidBeano said explains a lot and fills up many of my questions. Also I see no reason why a Mafioso would attempt something like that so...
VOTE: Yatagarasu
Vote: Yatagarasu
this betta work
Glad that town has logic. Do you really think I would have made myself so obvious with the Neon Lynch after I just helped lynch the mafia roleblocker? I could have easily waited until the end of the phase and tied the votes on jokool or if someone else decided to do the first vote of the bandwagon then I could have done it later or not voted him at all yet I was first to vote him and I had no worry of dying that phase. Again with Neon why wouldn't I bus him right away if I was mafia after what I did to jokool? When the stuff on Neon came out I was in school and didn't have time for good posts as I was on my phone and confused as heck by the random stuff. When things like that come out of nowhere I'm cautious. It's a useful trait for a reckless town.
@KidBeano; btw Yatagarasu has role claimed to me a while now and her role claim had nothing to do with a killing ability. I will know if she lied with that roleclaim with the results of that lynch. If she didn't well you are eigher lying or being manipulated.
Wow it actually took you two hours to announce no one died Frankie?
vote: Yatagarasu
Quick (and possibly irrelevant) question: What does WIFOM or something like that stand for?
^Wine in front of me.
WIFOM comes from the wine scene from the movie te Princess Bride. It pretty much means that either argument is right or wrong and poinesss to argue about it
Aha, OK thanks! ^^
1) @Mijzelffan;
3) @Soulmaster;
4) @Setra;
5) @Parma;
6) @jda95;
7) @Paperhorse;
12) @Greece;
13) @CrackFox;
15) @Pokémad;
16) @Yatagarasu;
17) @KidBeano;
18) @m0ckingbird20;
Due to both hosts being unavailable, tonight's update will be at 11PM GMT +1, instead of 10PM. Sorry for any inconveniences.


text:
Just wondering if anyone here is running Sametime 7.0 on iSeries yet. I've been holding off on that upgrade from the 6.5.1 FP1 I'm running. Thanks! Chris Whisonant Comporium Senior Mid-Range Systems Administrator IBM eServer Certified Systems Expert - iSeries Technical Solutions V5R2 IBM Certified System Administrator - Lotus Notes and Domino 6/6.5 IBM Certified Associate Developer - Lotus Notes and Domino 6/6.5 803.326.7270 | 803.326.6142 fax http://cwhisonant.blogspot.com/ NOTICE: This message contains information which may be confidential. If the reader is neither the intended recipient nor a person responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, you are notified that any distribution, copying or retention of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail, telephone or facsimile. Thank you.
This mailing list archive is Copyright 1997-2015 by MIDRANGE dot COM and David Gibbs as a compilation work. Use of the archive is restricted to research of a business or technical nature. Any other uses are prohibited. Full details are available here. If you have questions about this, please contact


text:
Planet Tower
This stunning architectural and educational space features a series of soaring windows that invite passers-by to explore the exhibitions within. The Planet Tower reaches more than two stories high and contains giant planet models built to scale; the planetarium dome represents the Sun. Inside the tower, visitors stand near a Saturn with rings nearly 15 feet wide and an Earth model only the size of a bowling ball. See the solar system as never before in the Planet Tower!