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A backplane having a switch card interface and an adapter card interface where the switch card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mate to a networking layer system switch card and a physical layer system switch card. The adapter card interface is coupled to the switch card interface. The adapter card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mates to a networking layer system adapter card and a physical layer system adapter card. A method that involves forming a first and second backplane according to a manufacturing process, integrating the first backplane into a networking layer system switch, and integrating the second backplane into a physical layer system switch.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a) a backplane, said backplane having a plurality of switch card interfaces and a plurality of adapter card interfaces;
b) each of said switch card interfaces having an arrangement of inputs and outputs to functionally mate to an ATM switch card and to functionally mate to a SONET switch card; and
c) each of said adapter card interfaces coupled to each of said switch card interfaces, each of said adapter card interfaces having an arrangement of inputs and outputs to functionally mate to an ATM adapter card and to functionally mate to a SONET adapter card.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
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8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
10. An apparatus, comprising:
a backplane designed to support different networking systems, said backplane having a plurality of switch card interfaces and a plurality of adapter card interfaces, each of said switch card interfaces having an arrangement of inputs and outputs that functionally mates to an ATM switch card and that functionally mates to a SONET switch card, each of said adapter card interfaces coupled to each of said switch card interfaces, each of said adapter card interfaces having an arrangement of inputs and outputs that functionally mates to an ATM adapter card and that functionally mates to a SONET adapter card, a first of said networking systems being an ATM system where ATM adapter cards are plugged into said adapter card interfaces and ATM switch cards are plugged into said switch card interfaces, a second of said networking systems being a SONET system where SONET adapter cards are plugged into said adapter card interfaces and SONET switch cards are plugged into said switch card interfaces.
11. The apparatus of
12. The apparatus of
13. The apparatus of
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18. The apparatus of
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21. The apparatus of
22. An apparatus, comprising:
a backplane for supporting different networking systems, said backplane having means for making electrical contact with a switch card, said backplane having means for making electrical contact with an adapter card, said means for making electrical contact with a switch card further comprising functional mating means that functionally mate to an ATM switch card and that functionally mate to a SONET switch card, said means for making electrical contact with an adapter card further comprising functional mating means that functionally mate to an ATM adapter card and that functionally mate to a SONET adapter card, a first of said networking systems having an ATM adapter card that is functionally mated with said means for making electrical contact with an adapter card and an ATM switch card that is functionally mated with said means for making electrical contact with a switch card, a second of said networking systems having a SONET adapter card that is functionally mated with said means for making electrical contact with an adapter card and an SONET switch card that is functionally mated with said means for making electrical contact with a switch card.
23. The apparatus of
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The field of the invention relates generally to networking hardware and, more specifically, to the design and fabrication of a common backplane for physical layer and networking layer systems.
Usually, most of the cards 105 plugged into a working networking switch (or router) are adapter cards 105 a–c. Adapter cards 105 a–c are typically used as an interface between the network(s) the switch 100 b is connected to and the switch card 105 d. The switch card 105 d is responsible for collecting all incoming traffic from the adapter cards 105 a–c and redirecting the traffic to its appropriate adapter cards 105 a–c for outbound traffic flow. The processor card 105 e typically has a processing core (e.g., a microprocessor) used to execute the machine's maintenance/configuration software. Although
All these cards communicate with one another via the backplane 103. The cards are typically connected to the backplane via a card interface 104 which may provide mechanical support for the card as well as electrical connection between the card and the backplane 103. The backplane 103 typically comprises conductive traces (also referred to as nets or wiring) between specific input/outputs associated with each of the card interfaces 104 a–e. Thus the backplane 103 is an important and necessary feature of not only a machine's mechanical design but also a its electrical design.
As a networking machine 100 becomes more complex so does the sophistication of the backplane 103. For example, high bandwidth machines (i.e., high end leading edge equipment) typically have multiple switch cards 105 b (in order to maximize system bandwidth) each of which require communication with most if not all adapter card interfaces 104 a–c. As high bandwidth machines can support more adapter card traffic than lower end machines, such high end machines also have larger banks of adapter cards (as compared to lower bandwidth machines). Properly interconnecting all the various card slots typically requires the backplane to be implemented with multiple (e.g., 20, 22 or more) metal layer electrical cards. Furthermore, the input/output count (i.e., the number of available input/outputs per card interface 104) significantly expands as well.
Because backplanes 103 can be complicated, it is difficult to implement a standard backplane platform. That is, different high end machines require custom backplane designs unique to (and usable only with) one machine. As such, it is difficult to implement a single backplane design that is workable with a number of different machines.
Having the same backplane across varied product lines reduces both development and manufacturing costs substantially. One area of product lines where a common platform is needed concerns SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) switch products and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switch products. These products may be referred to not only as SONET or ATM switches respectively; but also as machines, systems, or boxes.
SONET switches are used as physical layer extensions. That is, using the B-ISDN ATM reference model, SONET switches do not typically execute networking level functions beyond the physical layer. ATM switches, on the other hand, provide full networking capability which extends their functionality into the AAL layer. As such, the switch cards of the ATM machine tend to be more complex and sophisticated as compared to the SONET machine switch cards.
Nevertheless, there is some commonality between the two machines. Specifically, since ATM frequently uses SONET as a physical layer technology, there tends to be design overlap among ATM switch adapter cards and SONET switch adapter cards. For example, the front end fiber optics and supporting chipsets will tend to be identical (or nearly so) when the adapter cards from the two machines are compared.
Referring to
PC boards are typically manufactured by forming a conductive layer, patterning the conductive layer (usually with a lithographic process that employs a mask set), forming a dielectric layer over the conductive layer and then repeating the above while also forming contacts through the dielectric to a trace below where needed. Such a process is an example of a manufacturing process. For backplane manufacturing, the manufacturing process may also include affixing card interfaces to the PC board.
Input/outputs are typically housed within a card interface 104 a–e such that they face their respective card 105 a–e (as opposed to the backplane 103). Each input/output is usually electrically coupled to a specific backplane 103 net 120 a–n via the card interface 104 a–e itself. Thus, an electrical connection to an input/output corresponds to an electrical connection to its associated backplane 103 net as well (e.g., input/output 121 a and net 120 a). Furthermore, multiple input/outputs typically reside in a card interface 104. Each card 105 a–e is designed such that card nets 124 a–n that "mate with" the card interface 104 a–e make electrical connection with the input/outputs 121 a–n. In this manner, electrical connection between card nets 124 a–n and backplane nets 120 a–n is realized (e.g. input/outputs 121 a, net 120 a and net 124 a).
Thus, card interfaces 104 a–e are used to connect cards to a backplane. They typically provide mechanical support as well as electrical connection between the card 105 a–e and the backplane 103. An example of a card interface 104 a–e is a connector (frequently made of plastic with copper pins) that is soldered to the backplane PC board. Cards 105 a–e are typically "plugged into" card connectors and make electrical connection to the backplane signal traces 120 a–n via the input/outputs 121 a–n.
Thus the input/outputs 121 a–n may be viewed as a physical translation between card nets 124 a–n and backplane nets 120 a–n. In order for cards 105 to properly communicate with one another, backplane nets 120 a–n should be properly connected at both ends (or more if applicable) to their associated card 124 a–n nets (e.g., card net 124 a, input/output 121 a, backplane net 120 a, input/output 121 a 2 and card net 124 a 2).
For example, a clock driver net on one card should be connected to a backplane net that is also connected to a clock receiver net on another card. As backplane nets should be "tracked" as to their specific, corresponding card net; input/outputs should similarly be tracked since they are the translation between the two nets. That is, continuing with the former example, a clock driver input/output should mate (or otherwise connect) to a clock driver net on its associated card and a clock receiver input/output should mate with a clock receiver net on its associated card.
Other examples are as follows: power supply card nets should mate with power supply input/outputs, ground plane card nets should mate with ground plane input/outputs, specific data signal nets on a card should mate with their corresponding data signal input/outputs, etc. The multitude of various input/outputs are arranged in the card interface such that each "lines up" and makes electrical contact with its associated card net. Therefore, card interfaces have an arrangement of input/outputs that functionally mate to its corresponding card.
As discussed ahead, one aspect concerns the ability of the backplane to functionally mate one arrangement of input/outputs to two different cards. For example, the same arrangement of input/outputs are designed to functionally mate to both an ATM switch card and a SONET switch card. It may therefore be alternately said, that the backplane has an arrangement of ATM switch card input/outputs in a card interface and an arrangement of SONET switch card input/outputs in the same card interface where the ATM switch card input/outputs and the SONET switch card input/outputs are the same input/outputs. The same may be said for backplane input/outputs designed to mate to adapter cards as well.
Also, the card 105 a–e itself may have a backplane connector (not shown in
A backplane is described having a switch card interface and an adapter card interface where the switch card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mates to a networking layer system switch card and a physical layer system switch card. The adapter card interface is coupled to the switch card interface. The adapter card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mates to a networking layer system adapter card and a physical layer system adapter card.
A method is described comprising forming a first and second backplane according to a manufacturing process, integrating the first backplane into a networking layer system, and integrating the second backplane into a physical layer system.
The other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows below.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which:
A backplane is described having a switch card interface and an adapter card interface where the switch card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mates to a networking layer system switch card and a physical layer system switch card. The adapter card interface is coupled to the switch card interface. The adapter card interface has input/outputs in an arrangement that functionally mates to a networking layer system adapter card and a physical layer system adapter card.
A method is described involving forming a first and second backplane according to a manufacturing process, integrating the first backplane into a networking layer system switch, and integrating the second backplane into a physical layer system.
One of the advantages realized by these embodiments is manufacturing efficiency and reduced system production costs.
The following discussion concerns implementing a common backplane for an ATM switch and a SONET switch having the form factor of
Furthermore, it will be evident that different embodiments also exist for networks and physical layer technologies beyond ATM and SONET, respectively. That is, more generally, this discussion is applicable to a common backplane that may be used for both a physical layer system and a networking layer system. Using the OSI reference model, a physical layer system is a system that supports only the data link layer and physical layer, while a networking layer system is a system that supports the networking layer.
As this incoming traffic of ATM adapter cards 301 a–l is ideally spread out and handled across all of the available ATM switch cards 302 a–d, typically there is a major link 303 between each ATM switch card and every ATM adapter card. Thus, in the embodiment of
Furthermore, as major links represent the total bandwidth between an adapter card and a switch card, each major link 303 may be comprised of multiple minor links where each minor link corresponds to actual conducting traces implemented in the backplane. That is, major links 303 are also representations of the aggregation of a plurality of actual point to point links, referred to as minor links, that are physically wired within the backplane. In the embodiment of
The point to point minor links 304 of the embodiment shown in
The relationship between the redundant minor link (e.g., link 304 d) and the three other minor links (which may also be referred to as real data minor links) 304 a–c follows. First, since the fourth minor link 304 d is declared redundant, the switch may operate at full capacity without utilization of the redundant link 304 d. Thus minimum guaranteed system bandwidth calculations may be made without reference to the redundant link 304 d bandwidth and, as such (using the embodiment of
In this embodiment, the minor links are implemented with application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) point to point chipsets each having a 1.25 Gbps baud rate in one direction. A baud rate is the actual signal speed of the link. It is usually higher than the data rate in order to account for line encoding or other overhead. Thus, as these ASICs employ 8 B/10 B encoding and also have 14.5% overhead (for handshaking, etc.) the actual data rate offered by these chipsets is reduced to 0.855 Gbps (1.25 GbPs�0.8�(1−0.145)=0.855 Gbps). Thus the three real data minor links 304 a–c gives a total major link bandwidth of 2.565 Gbps (0.855 Gbps�3=2.565 6 bps), in one direction, which is sufficient to support the 2.488 Gbps minimum guaranteed traffic rate per major link. Again, the above mentioned data rates are the total bandwidth in one direction (e.g., inbound or outbound).
Thus, one should first define the desired point to point bandwidth between each adapter card and each switch card. Some of the more simple designs have the same desired bandwidth between every adapter card and every switch card. Other designs may have different desired bandwidths between various adapter cards and various switch cards. For example, a subset of adapter cards may require more (or less) bandwidth than other adapter cards. Furthermore, a subset of switch cards may be able to provide service for more (or less) bandwidth than other switch cards.
Once the desired point to point bandwidth (i.e., the major link) between each adapter card and each switch card is defined the specific physical implementation (i.e. the minor link(s)) of each major link may be defined. Exactly how many minor links are to be created per major link is a function of many different factors which may include (but are not necessarily limited to) link technology and backplane signal space.
For example, high end machines are less sensitive to cost and therefore may employ higher speed point to point technology which is typically more expensive than lower speed technology. As minor link speed increases (e.g., using an aforementioned higher speed technology) the number of needed minor links needed to realize the major link bandwidth decreases. This in turn saves backplane signal space. Thus there is typically a tradeoff between backplane space and the technology used to implement the minor links. The optimum tradeoff is determined on a case by case basis as different machines may target different markets having unique pricing structures. Thus in some cases it may be most efficient to have only one minor link per major link which maximizes backplane real estate efficiency whereas in other cases it may be most efficient to have six, seven or more minor links per major link which consumes backplane signal space at a greater rate. The former case requires more sophisticated, high speed technology (such as GaAs, fiber optics, and/or a custom design) while the later requires less sophisticated technology (such as Si, copper, and/or off the shelf parts). Furthermore, as the ultimate goal is to design a common backplane for more than one machine, the aforementioned tradeoff should be analyzed for a group of machines as a whole as opposed to one specific machine. Ideally, multiple machines may be designed that employ the minor link backplane traces. Different data rates may be run over the minor links for each machine reflecting different system performance.
The number of minor links reserved for redundancy purposes is also a matter of choice that is determined on a case by case basis. Generally, higher end machines serving more sophisticated markets require more redundancy while lower end machines require less redundancy. The specific embodiment discussed in relation to
The redundant switch card 302 d may be used solely for redundancy purposes. That is, it is never used unless another switch card 302 a,b or c goes down. In still other embodiments the redundant switch card may be used in normal operation which has the effect of increasing the maximum system bandwidth (e.g., from approximately 150 Gbps to approximately 200 Gbps). In this case, if a switch card goes down, the system bandwidth is merely reduced to its minimum guaranteed (e.g., three switch cards) of bandwidth.
The major link structure of three real data minor links 304 a, b, c and one redundant minor link 304 d is attributable to the 3:1 redundancy scheme of the system shown in
In one embodiment of the system shown in
In this embodiment, only three minor links (the real data links 304 a, b, c) actually carry traffic per major link 303 prior to a switch card 302 going down. Thus for each down switch card 302 there are three down real data minor links 304 per adapter card. Furthermore, as each adapter card 301 still has three working major links 303 and each of these working major links have a redundant link, there are also three available redundant links in communication with each of the three working switch cards.
Thus in this embodiment, each adapter card 301 therefore recovers from a down switch card 302 by filling one of the available redundant links with traffic normally directed for one of the down real data minor links.
As an example, referring to
In this embodiment, redundant links are not used unless a switch card goes down. However, in other embodiments, a working major link 303 may have its traffic load spread out across all its minor links including a redundant minor link (in order to, for example, load share the logic at the adapter and switch cards). Thus, in such an embodiment, the redundant links carry a pro rata share of the major link's traffic load. To some extent, in normal working conditions, the distinction between real data and redundant minor links is lost. Once a switch card goes down, however, the redundant link distinction is resumed at each of the working major links. That is, the adapter card forces all the traffic normally directed to the down major link to the redundant minor links associated with the remaining operational major links.
As discussed, the aforementioned redundancy scheme is referred to as 3:1 redundancy. That is, the ATM switch 300 is typically sold on the open market as having a maximum guaranteed bandwidth of only three switch cards. A fourth switch card may be used in normal operation which simply adds to achievable system bandwidth. If a switch card fails the machine still operates at its minimum guaranteed (three card) bandwidth after the adapter cards appropriately reroute their traffic across the working redundant links to the remaining three switch cards. Alternatively, the fourth switch card is not used unless and until another switch card fails. In this case the minimum guaranteed system bandwidth is equal to the maximum achievable system bandwidth (of three cards).
Referring to
The processor cards 307 a, b may communicate with the switch cards 302 a–d and adapter cards 301 a–l across a processing system bus 308. The processing system bus 308 may be an industry standard bus such as ISA or PCI or may even be any proprietary design. A bus is any multidrop platform. That is, unlike a point to point link arrangement where only two cards communicate with each other, in a multidrop platform, the various cards communicate over the same conducting traces. As such, some degree of arbitration or conflict resolution is typically provided to prevent two cards from employing the bus at the same time. Essentially any bus capable of communicating with a processing system may be employed. Furthermore, a bus does not necessarily need to be employed. That is, a point to point arrangement may also be employed.
Also note that the system clocking 309 a,b (also referred to as clock drivers) may be integrated into the processor cards 307 a,b. System clocking 309 a,b maintains synchronous operation between the adapter cards 301 and switch cards 302. For the clocking of the ATM system shown in
Skew may be controlled by keeping a fixed length for the clock traces 310 a–l, 311 a–l. Thus adapter card interfaces closest to the processor card interfaces tend to have associated clock traces that wind back and forth within the backplane in order to have a trace lengths equal to the clock lines that travel to adapter card interfaces farther away from the processor card interfaces. The redundancy discussed in relation to the processor cards affects clocking as well. That is since the clocking function may be integrated onto the processor card, in one embodiment, the clocking on the secondary card 307 b is not used unless and until the primary processor card 307 a goes down.
Although the specific embodiment shown in
Referring to
Interfaces wired together may be deemed coupled together via the trace that connects them. For example, switch card interface 402 a is coupled to adapter card interface 401 a via major link 403 a 1. Furthermore, recall that each major link is typically the aggregation of multiple minor links. For example, in one embodiment, the adapter card interfaces 401 are actually wired as shown back in
Referring to
To summarize the discussion so far, the design of a backplane comprises four major considerations: 1) the desired bandwidth (major link) between each adapter card and the switching cards; 2) the system bus employed by the processing cards; 3) the clock nets from the clock driver and 4) redundancy.
Redundancy may be implemented for switch cards, processor cards and/or clocking functions. Implementing redundancy generally adds additional backplane signals wherever it occurs. For example, in the aforementioned example, redundancy increased the number of backplane traces per major link, the number of processor card slots and the number of clock signal backplane traces. Furthermore, the amount of additional complexity is a function of the degree of redundancy employed. For example, the 3:1 redundancy discussed in reference to the major link embodiment of
In order to develop a common backplane platform, functional level (e.g., switch card, processor card, and clock driver) consideration and redundancy implementation must be compared and contrasted as between the two or more systems seeking to use the common backplane. At one extreme, a complex backplane may be developed having nets used only with one system coexisting with other nets used only with another system. This approach should be minimized and/or eliminated where possible. Rather, a common or nearly identical design (at least in terms of specific backplane traces if not data rates, etc.) should be strived for at each functional level as well as its associated redundancy. The following discussion concerns a SONET switch configured to use the backplane of
Note, in this embodiment, the SONET switch 500 embodied in
In order to promote backplane re-use, it is optimum to configure the backplane such that both the ATM switch cards and SONET switch cards functionally mate to the same input/outputs associated with an adapter card interface. This is possible if a major and minor link scheme is used for both the ATM and SONET systems.
In such a case, the minor link conducting traces are reused. That is, referring to both
Thus, as the backplane of
Thus to summarize so far, for the purposes of realizing a common backplane, the design of the SONET switch 500 of
Next then, is consideration and implementation of the redundancy. The redundancy approach may be either of the two ways discussed in relation to the ATM switch 300. That is, one embodiment may configure the redundant switch card 502 b to operate if and only if the primary switch card 502 a fails. In an alternate embodiment, both switch cards are used during normal operation. Regardless of which embodiment is used, the guaranteed system bandwidth is equivalent to the switching capacity of one SONET switch card (30 Gbps). If the later approach is used, the redundant switch card increases system bandwidth to twice that of the guaranteed minimum. In such an embodiment, if a switch card fails the system bandwidth falls back to the guaranteed bandwidth. As discussed previously, other systems employing more or less redundancy are also possible.
In one embodiment, the SONET switch 500 of
Next the processor card is discussed for the ATM switch 500. Ideally, the processor cards 507 a,b are the same for both the ATM and SONET systems. This is possible since the hardware platform (e.g., microprocessor, etc.) needed to run the maintenance software is typically the same. In such a case, the system bus 508 may be the same as that used in the ATM switch 300 (of
Thus, the SONET switch 500 embodiment of
Because the ATM and SONET systems may run on different clocks (for one embodiment, the ATM system runs on a 20.833 MHz clock while the SONET system runs on a 19.44 MHz clock), conceivably, there may exist two different processor cards—one for each system. If this approach is pursued, the backplane of
It is generally more cost effective, however, to populate a single processor card with the clock source driver designs for both systems 300,500. This allows a single processor card design to work with either the ATM or SONET systems. The added cost of populating processor cards with additional (potentially never utilized) chips is more than offset than tracking demand for and inventorying two different processor cards. Further, as discussed below, a processor card having both clocking designs may be utilized in a hybrid machine that combines ATM switch functionality with SONET switch functionality.
Thus an embodiment that incorporates the ATM clocking and the SONET clocking circuitry on the same card is typically employed. The remaining question then remains whether to gate either clock on the processor card such that clocks may only run on the single set of backplane traces 409 a–p, 410 a–p (referring back to
In the embodiment shown in
The alternate embodiment, not shown in
In order to fully utilize developed hardware, the hybrid system should be workable with the pre-existing ATM adapter cards (301 of
For that the embodiment of the hybrid system discussed so far, the ATM and SONET adapter cards are only capable of communicating with their respective switch cards. That is, ATM adapter cards may only communicate with the ATM switch cards 602 c,d and the SONET adapter cards may only communicate with the SONET switch cards 602 a,b since the major links of each not only operate at different speeds but also may employ different semiconductor chips on either end of each major link (which may use different encoding schemes, handshaking, etc.).
However, a third hybrid adapter card (discussed next) is capable of directing traffic over to either switch card. As the system 600 represented in
An embodiment of such a hybrid adapter card 700 is shown in
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
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Cathy Lane, 81, of Carmi, died Monday, March 31, 2014 at 1:45 p.m. at her home. A native of Orchardville, she graduated from Wayne City High School in 1952 and had worked as an operator for GTE. She was a member of the Red Hatters and First Christian Church of Carmi.
Survivors include her husband of 57 years, Bob Lane of Carmi; two sons and daughters-in-law, Steve and Linda Lane of St. Louis, MO and Todd and Penny Lane of Evansville, IN; six sisters and two brothers-in-law, Ruth Jones of Plymoth, CA, Betty Ann and Jack Cameron of Fairfield, Maxine and David Allison of Zenia, Imogene Caudle of West Summitt, MO, Florence Talbert of Fairfield and Ruby Cook of Savoy, IL; five grandchildren, Sarah, Scott, Kaylee, Matthew and Krista Lane; a sister-in-law, Eva Lane of Fairfield; and numerous nieces and nephews.
Funeral services for Cathy Lane, 81, of Carmi, will be held at 11:00 a.m. on Thursday, April 3, 2014 at the Campbell Funeral Home in Carmi with burial in White County Memorial Garden.
Visitation will be from 5:00 until 8:00 p.m. on Wednesday, April 2 at the funeral home.

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WTHR Is The Weather App Dieter Rams Would Have Designed
Want to quickly check the weather on your iPhone? Want to have your eyes soothed by wonderful, minimal design at the same time as you're informed of the temperature outside? Then you need WTHR, an iPhone app which could have been designed by Dieter Rams himself.


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Georgetown, Texas Vacations - Travel guide to Georgetown, Texas accommodations and vacation packages. Visit Georgetown, Texas for getaways and adventure travel. Plan your Georgetown, Texas vacation today.


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Earned the 2009 Corby Davis Memorial Award, which was established by the family and friends of Corby Davis to honor a senior player whose conduct on campus, in the classroom and on the football field most closely exemplifies the qualities of former Big Ten MVP Corby Davis. Zematis began his career at defensive end, where he recorded one sack as a sophomore, before moving to tight end that same season. A physical blocker, he also was an important cog in the team's special teams unit. Zematis played in 27 career games with two starts.
2009 (Senior): Made two starts and appeared in all 12 games ... tremendous blocker helped IU allow just 16 sacks on the season, a total that ranked second in the Big Ten and shared 28th nationally ... Hoosiers surrendered one sack per 27.5 pass attempts, which ranked second in the Big Ten ... team finished second in conference games only with 262.4 passing yards per game ... also ended year fourth in overall games and 35th nationally with 247.9 passing yards per game ... Hoosiers rushed for over 180 yards on four occasions, including 197 yards at No. 23 Michigan and 196 yards vs. Purdue ... 197 yards was IU's second-highest rushing total in 60 all-time games vs. Michigan ... Academic All-Big Ten selection.
2008 (Junior): Missed the first game due to an illness and appeared in the next seven games at tight end before he suffered a season-ending ankle injury ... Academic All-Big Ten selection.
2007 (Sophomore): Played in seven games, both as a defensive end and as a tight end in short-yardage situations ... recorded his first career sack against Indiana State ... named scout team player of the week following the Iowa game ... Academic All-Big Ten selection.
2006 (Freshman): Did not see any game action in 2006.
2005: Redshirted the 2005 season.
Prep/Personal: Defensive end and tight end for head coach Scott Sugg at Andover High School ... ranked 16th in the state of Michigan, out of all position players, by Scout.com ... posted 111 tackles, six sacks and two interceptions during senior season ... named all-state, all-league and all-area ... team won the district and league titles with a 10-2 mark in 2004 ... a two-way starter for two years, Zematis was a member of the All-North football team and second team all-county ... a three-year letterwinner in football, basketball and track ... parents are Frank and Colleen Zematis ... born on Sept. 12, 1986, Brian Carl Zematis is a SPEA management major.
Check back soon


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Dartblog Monthly Archives
This is an archive page. Please click here to see the latest entries.
March 2014
Thursday, March 20, 2014
The Freedom Budgeters have issued a reply over the campus Listserv to Phil Hanlon's response to their initial document: The original Freedom Budget message was also sent out on the Listserv, even though the FB…
Trial Commentary: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6, Part 7. Numerous Dartmouth students who have been subpoenaed to testify at the ongoing trial for rape of Parker Gilbert '16…
Featured posts
August 14, 2013
Breaking: Of Crips and Bloods and Memories of Ghetto Parties
History repeats itself, first as tragedy and then as farce, or sometimes it just repeats itself. From the New York Times on November 30, 1998: At Dartmouth College, white students at a "ghetto party" dressed…
June 25, 2013
Dean of the College Charlotte Johnson's War on Students Part (2/2)
Part 1, Part 2 Today's post again recounts the events that befell the Freshman. However, the content of the Hanover Police department report reproduced in this space yesterday is supplemented by information from my own…
October 18, 2009
When Love Beckoned in 52nd Street
We were at San Francisco's BIX last evening, enjoying prosecco, cheese, and a bit of music. A full year of inhabitation in Northern California has unraveled to me no decent venue for proper lounging, but…
October 9, 2009
D Afraid of a Little Competish
So our colleague and Dartblog writer Joe Asch informed me that the D has rejected our cunning advertising campaign. Uh-oh. The Dartmouth is widely known as a breeding ground for instant New York Times successes,…
September 4, 2009
How Regents Should Reign
As Dartmouth alumni proceed through the legal hoops necessary to defuse a Board-packing plan—which put in unhappy desuetude an historic 1891 Agreement between alumni and the College guaranteeing a half-democratically-elected Board of Trustees—it strikes one…
August 29, 2009
Election Reform Study Committee
If you are an alum of the College on the Hill, you may have received a number of e-mails of late beseeching your input for a new arm of the College's Alumni Control Apparatus called…


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Check out this new promo photo of Rome and Eric from Sublime With Rome. Look for the band on tour now with Everlast...dates and tickets are at sublimewithrome.com!
News - all
|March 08, 2012
|March 07, 2012
Click HERE to read an interview that Anto Boros of The Swellers did with Unsigned & Unleashed.
|March 07, 2012
Watch the video above to hear the strategy that Fun. has for the tournament that is set to tip off on Monday! Read more HERE
|March 07, 2012
|March 07, 2012
Gym Class Heroes: Favorites with Idolator
Travie and Matt from Gym Class Heroes sat down with Idolator and talked about everything from culinary arts to the best way to spend an evening with a special lady friend. Check out the video for their answers!
|March 06, 2012
Click HERE to pick up some of the items that Panic! At The Disco has taken out on some of their past tours in The Fueled By Ramen Webstore.
|March 06, 2012
So here we are on the road again for the first time since summer and man oh man does it feel good to be back. Smoke Out was so much fun and was such a big day for us. Also ill take the time to express to you how amazing our new drummer Josh Freese is , he has been kicking ass back there and we are playing tighter than ever and having alot of fun while doing it. We will miss bud and wish the best for him and all of his endeavors , but the show must go on. We are so grateful for the fans that stand behind us and love listening to the music. Thank you for understanding and remember we only play for you. tonight we are in colorado springs and the venue is bitchin. lots of floor space for dancing/moshing. Get ready .
- Rome
|March 06, 2012
First of all, we never got to send out a public statement thanking everyone who made our first full U.S. co-headlining tour a success. One week after I graduated high school in 2006 we got in our van, attached the trailer and went on a 5 week tour. We haven't stopped doing that, but things just keep getting better and better. After about 3 or 4 years of opening for bigger bands and playing short sets, we're INCREDIBLY grateful that you guys gave us a chance to prove ourselves pulling our own weight. We honestly didn't know what to expect and we ended up having smiles on our faces every night. It was a new experience going on tour across the states with 3 bands from the UK and it actually being a success. We loved all the guys and all of you for coming to the shows.
The second we got
|March 06, 2012
Taylor from Paramore just got a new tattoo done by Dan Smith. Check out paramore.net for daily updates from the band!
|March 06, 2012
Congratulations to Fun. on the release of their new album Some Nights! Here's a photo of the band with some of the FBR staff at Sons Of Essex in New York City celebrating the new album.
photo by Meghan Benson


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The Ukrainian crisis can be resolved only through political dialog, and not through military means, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has said."I know the European Union, the Americans and most of the Western countries are discussing very seriously among themselves how to handle this matter," he told reporters during a visit to New Zealand.
"What is important at this time is that they should know there is no military solution in this. There should be a political dialogue for a political solution, that is the more sustainable way," Ban Ki-moon said.The UN secretary general said that the Ukrainian crisis had regional and global implications.


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Welcome to the NAU MS-AT Program Website. We hope that you are able to find the information that is of interest to you. If you have any questions, please contact Debbie Craig (Program Director) at email@example.com or Glenn Edgerton (Clinical Education Coordinator) at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Our first MSAT class has begun taking courses, and the first two years of the MSAT program will run concurrently with the remaining students in our Bachelor's program. The last class of Bachelor students was accepted in the Spring of 2013 and those students will complete their degree requirements for the Bachelors in Spring 2016. Starting in the Fall of 2016, only Master's degree students will be enrolled in our program. This website will serve as a resource for bachelor students currently enrolled (until Spring 2016) and future /current master's degree students. At the start of the 2016-2017 academic year, this website will be exclusive to MSAT students.
Applications are now being accepted for the 2015-2017 MS-AT class. Applications must be completed online through both ATCAS https://atcas.liaisoncas.com/ and the graduate college of NAU (CLICK HERE). Review of applications will begin February 15, 2015. 30 spots are available for the Class of 2017. Classes will begin on July 6, 2015.
Applications are also being accepted for the class of 2018 (2016-2018). Applications for the Class of 2018 are due by Jan. 1, 2016. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Please CLICK HERE for Application Requirements to our MSAT Program
Find forms and information on scholarships for athletic training students.
Connect with our outstanding faculty.
Get involved with our summer camp, alumni opportunities, and social media.


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Netgear ReadyNAS Pro 2, 2TB Unified Storage System - 1.80 GHz - 2 x Total Bays - 2 TB HDD (2 x 1 TB) - 1 GB RAM - RAID Supported - 3 x USB Ports - RNDP2210D-100NAS
The ReadyNAS Pro family brings reliable, affordable and simple solutions for data management to small offices and remote locations. It's an affordable business-class platform for shared storage in VMware, XenServer and Hyper-V environments. The Pro can also deliver reliable disk-based backup capacity for locations looking to reduce tape dependence, with scalable replication options for remote site data protection.


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Moscow — The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria, Mourad Medelci, said Tuesday in Moscow that Russia and Algeria are committed to international law and respect for human rights in Western Sahara.
In a press conference at the end of his talks with his Russian counterpart, Mourad Medelci said that the meeting focused in particular on the Western Sahara conflict, highlighting the similarity of the views of both countries.
On his part, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Sergeui Lavrov called for the respect of human rights in Western Sahara.
"human rights must be respected in Western Sahara. This was reflected in the resolution adopted last April by the Security Council of the United Nations," said Lavrov.
In this regard, he stressed that "the position of Algeria and Russia are converged", adding that "these positions are not accidental, stemming from the belief of having to solve international problems in international equality".
According to Lavrov, the solution to the Western Sahara issue "should be made on the basis of the resolutions of the Security Council of the UN," adding that Russia declared "consistently in favor".
Lavrov said that Russia is in favor of "the continuation of direct talks between Morocco and the Polisario Front, in order to achieve the initial goal to promote the conditions on the basis of the right to self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, as resolutions of the Security Council of the UN states"


text: Thanks guys for a great game last year. This is a new game, so everything is free game for a picture. Counties will be the same: The Rules (from Yotasupra's phototag) will be the same (Unless most of you press for something that "Needs" to be changed): º One person is "IT" at a time. º Since most of us have smart phones and can post via our phones, post the previous poster's tag to claim being "IT". You may post the "current tag" at a later time during your ride. º If more than one person is at the current tag, first one to post is "IT". º While being "IT", poster has 48 hrs from claiming tag (use PNW time stamp of post), to post a new tag. Past the48 hour window, it becomes up for grabs for someone else to be "IT", but they must go back and grab the original tag first. 48 hour window gives an opportunity to have enough time to post a great tag, not just a mediocre tag, allow for enough light to see all visual hints, ect. º No pay spots. This is a fun, free game. If there is a fee to get into the place, or a fee to take a ferry or something, find a new tag. If taking the ferry is an option because rider doesn't want to ride around, that is their choice. º Night Tags: Have a good enough flash to be able to see as much as possible. No blurry photos either. º No NSFW, lets keep the mods happy. º Current photos only. Don't be a cheat and pull something out of a folder on your desk top. º Area you are "tagging" with your bike must be in the immediate background of your bike. Landscape in the far off distance is not acceptable. º Since this is a 4 county tag, please provide a hint as to the location of the current tag. º Tagged areas must be accessible to every bike (read: sportbikes...lol) º Assisting people with uploading of their tags is fine. I will be posting the first picture today :mrgreen: I don't know how to map Tags, so someone will have to start that and keep that up to date. KitsapSV1000? Once it's started I will put it in this original post (if that can work?) I'm not very computer savvy :tard: Have fun, and a Happy New Year Edit: Map for tags by KitsapSV1000: http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid...l=47.648275,-122.663383&spn=0.180174,0.307274


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City of Lincoln (NE) Library: Assistant Library Director
Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employers
Announcement of Job Vacancy
APPLY ON-LINE Employment Office 555 So. 10th St., RM. 107 Lincoln, NE 68508 Voice Mail Box: 402-441-7596 Phone: 402-441-7597 (TDD: 402-441-7597) Job Hot-Line: 402-441-7736
The process involves an on-line application and supplemental questions for all posted positions. If you are still filling out the supplemental questions at 4:30pm on the closing date of the position, the file will disappear - NOT SUBMITTED. Plan to give yourself plenty of time and start well in advance of the posted deadline Where and When To Apply: Employment Office
Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. INTERNET access anytime: lincoln.ne.gov Key word: jobs
The City of Lincoln and Lancaster County are Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employers and therefore, do not discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, disability, national origin, age, marital status, or political opinions or affiliations, except that no person shall be employed who advocates the violent overthrow of our government. All individuals hired will be required to provide documentation to establish identity and employment authorization as a condition of employment in accordance with the Immigration Reform Act. In accordance with the Disabilities Act (ADA), reasonable accommodations for the application and testing process will be made upon request. Unless otherwise specified, all positions provide for paid vacations, sick leave, holidays, 5-day/40-hour weeks, health, dental, vision, life and disability insurance, retirement plan, Post Employment Health Plan, the Section 125 Plan (Pay Flex), and lead to full membership in the classified service of the City of Lincoln or Lancaster County. Benefits for part-time, classified employees are available depending upon the number of hours worked per week and prorated accordingly.
Temporary and unclassified positions are paid for hours worked and offer NO BENEFITS. Certain non-career service grant-funded positions may specify terms and conditions of employment. If you are racial/ethnic minority, female, age 40 or over, or disabled, you are invited to participate in our Talent Affirmative Action Bank (TAAB) by using "Enotification" on the web site.
NOTE: The statement of duties, responsibilities and qualifications listed on this announcement is not necessarily, and should not be, construed as complete nor all inclusive, nor does it supersede the official classification specifications and position description. Applicants must meet minimum requirements as stated or have equivalent combinations or experience or training which demonstrate the knowledge, skills and abilities to perform the job. When licensure is a necessary special requirement, substitutions or equivalency are not accepted.
On-line applications and the inclusive supplemental questions for posted positions are available on the City/County web site.
- Type in: lincoln.ne.gov key word: jobs. Current job vacancies will be listed. Click on "Apply Now" for the position of your choice. Click on MyInterlinc.
- Applicants will assign themselves a User I.D. and Password for ONE TIME ONLY. DO NOT ASSIGN YOURSELF MORE THAN ONE I.D. AND PASSWORD..
- Keep a record of the I.D. and Password you assign yourself as you will need to remember them for future access to your electronic application.
- Complete on-line application, and supplemental questions, "Submit Application Now" and "I Agree" to complete the process.
- Computers are available in the Employment Office during office hours.
ASSISTANT LIBRARY DIRECTOR (Req#05-0066-CI-1) (1 - opening)
Library - City - 10-01 (4130:1) Salary range: $58,999 to $115,048. This position will assist the Library Director in overall management, coordination and direction of the library system. Seeking dynamic individual with demonstrated leadership skills and proven record of effectively working in a changing environment. Responsible for personnel function within framework of City policies and procedures. Supervise upper level management of the library. Lincoln City Libraries consists of main library, seven branches and bookmobile and serves all residents of Lancaster County with population of 250,000. Annual operating budget of $7.4 million, 124 FTEs, annual circulation of 3.2 million with a collection of 1,024,000. Recent customer survey indicated that 85.6% were either "very" or "extremely satisfied" with Lincoln City Libraries service.
Qualifications: Master's degree from an ALA accredited library science program plus 4 to 6 years of professional library experience, considerable supervisory, managerial experience, and some experience in personnel and planning, and some experience with computers or equivalent. Applications must be completed and submitted by 4:00pm, FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 2005. Resumes cannot be used as a substitute for the application but may be forwarded to: firstname.lastname@example.com .


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The Lindbergh Baby | Who Kidnapped and Killed Charles Lindbergh III
"Some guys take up golf," shrugs Monier. "We read."
In one biography Monier learned that in January 1932, Lindbergh hid his son in a closet, then told his wife, Anne, and the child's nanny that little Charles was missing. The women searched the house for 20 frantic minutes before Lindbergh admitted the hoax.
When the baby disappeared two months later, one of Anne Morrow Lindbergh's first thoughts was that her husband had taken the child as a joke, according to a letter she wrote to her mother-in-law. Monier suspected the same thing.
"This is one strange duck," he told Ahlgren.
By the end of 1990, the pair realized that there was an overwhelming possibility that Hauptmann was innocent. They also realized that no one had ever asked the question that would be first on the lips of a prosecutor or investigator today: Did Lindbergh do it?
They had some reservations. It wasn't just that neither had ever written a book. Implicating an icon — even a dead icon — in the death of his child is painful.
"In 23 years in law enforcement," says Monier, "I've seen all kinds of people fall from grace, but I still don't like it. Lindbergh was a national hero, and I think we all want to keep flying this guy across the ocean."
But if they were right — and they firmly believed they were right — a hero had permitted an innocent man to die in the electric chair. That, they felt, was worth exploring through the eyes of two individuals who had spent their lives in the criminal justice system.
They sketched out an outline over Monier's kitchen table one night early in the winter of 1991. Their initial plan was to concentrate on Lindbergh's background and his actions from the day of the kidnapping through the end of the trial.
Like a cop on the beat, Monier did the background work. He spent his nights and weekends examining the facts as if the crime had been committed in his town. Since nearly everyone associated with the case was dead or no longer talking (Anne Lindbergh has granted no public interview for years and Hauptmann's widow, Alma, only rarely speaks to the press), he turned to the record. Nights in the library were augmented by endless calls to the archivist at the New Jersey State Police Museum near Trenton, New Jersey, where the original police files are on display.


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10 Dumb Things to Avoid Doing With Your Smartphone
Colin McEnroe
- Overview
- Dropping $400 Worth of Smartphone Into the Toilet
- Sending Pictures of Your Junk
- Cheating at Foursquare
- Being a Douche with your Phone
- The Geico Syndrome
- Typing in Stupid Abbreviations like EOM
- Texting that Which Should be Spoken
- Mafia Wars
- Secretly Recording the Making of Sexy-Time
- Adding to Your Permanent Record
More Guy Wisdom Lists
Secretly Recording the Making of Sexy-Time
You position the phone in a coffee mug, and then do a Licensed Vocational Nurse right there on the kitchen table. There are several possible outcomes. (a) You go to hell. (b) You go to court. (c) You go to the ER, with the phone jammed into some part of you that nurses know more about than you do.
Sign up for our FREE Daily Dose newsletter for the best fitness, health, sex, and nutrition tips delivered to your inbox daily.


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Anyone else with Type I Diabetes?
I'm still kind of new around here, I spend more time reading than posting because I'm still looking forward to getting a Buell Ulysses and until then I'm local only on my Suzuki SV1000S, which is kind of abusive after only 100 miles. I put away a lot of miles on my Buell S3T prior to getting the Suzuki, and I really miss the ability to ride a 600 mile day without hurting. It's a blast in the twisties though.
I'm looking at riding from Milwaukee to Alaska. I was stationed there in the late 80's and still have friends in Eagle River who I visit as often as possible. One of the few things that I havn't figured out yet is how to travel my insulin while on the road. In the past for shorter trips I've used a small cold box and with an ice pack. Since I'm on an insulin pump I just fill resivoirs and put them in instead of travelling full bottles of insulin.
The pump also makes it much easier to regulate my blood sugars while on the road. I generally set the basal rate to about half of what I use when I'm not riding, since I tend to eat less on the road and I burn a lot more calories than when I'm just sitting around the house.
I try and keep my sugars over 130 but under 150 while on the road, it avoids any unfortunate incidents. I'm lucky because I havn't become hypo resistant yet, so I can still feel it. I know that it makes it that much more important to test whenever I feel tired or a little weird, but luckily a sweet tarts or five can fix anything quickly, but keeping levels up takes carbs and protein.
Diabetes has never been a reason for me to quit everything I like to do. I might have to be a little more careful, but I'm not stopping anything. That said, I'm taking every precaution that I can in order to do things safely.
I do not know your experience level, how much you have traveled on a bike or your fitness levels and all of these will play a part in how how your body responds to the stress (mental and physical) of a multiday trip. The stress will ultimatly determine how your sugar level changes and thus needing your attention. I do not think anyone can answer your question but you. If it were me I would start with shorter trips extending them as time goes on to find out how you will respond. Doing them in the lower 48 will allow you access to the proper care if you get into trouble or you get surprised. Traveling remote on multiday trip without knowing how to handle your sugar levels.........is not a good idea...IMHO
Good Luck.......... I am certain Adventure Riding will increase insulin sensativity.
The Breeze
My experience level is intermediate. I've been riding on road or dirt for 20 years and have done short and long trips. I'm an ex army paratrooper, so I've spent a lot of time outdoors in some pretty crap conditions and my physical fitness level while not what it used to be isn't terrible either. I have very good control over my diabetes and have done quite a bit of travelling and adventuring since I was diagnosed 12 years ago at age 26.
I'm not really mining for information as much as trying to start a conversation between other riders that might be in the same situation as myself. I work a very intense job with terrible hours (TV news microwave truck engineer 4am until noon or whenever) so I am used to managing my IDDM-I in adverse conditions. I take it dead seriously since I have a two year old son, four year old daughter and an amazing wife that I want to get back to after each and all of my little adventures, regardless of what they may be.
Diabetes and travel
Hello Impulse 101,
Like yourself i have this type of diabetes and have had it since age 6(now 33).I have suffered with hypo problems in the past but now ok,so far!
Myself and two other good friends are heading out on saturday to do a weeks road trip of approx 1700miles round trip from the Isle of Wight to John 'O Groats in Scotland,doesn't sound much to some but this is our first of many, hopefully.My friends know about my diabetes and know what to look for if they think i'm having problems,I now carry a Glucogen Pen with me incase of worst case senarios and my friends know how to use it.It's good to have friends that know what to do:D .
I'm guessing that you wear an I.D. bracelet/necklace with details,if not try one of these,i've just brought one and certainly a good idea http://utag-digital-dogtag.com/?gcli...FQcUQgodsw-Nqw .Have fun.
Hey Beaker,
Good to hear from you.
I have a Medic-Alert necklace. I should wear it more, but I will definetly wear it on long trips.
Scottland sounds like a blast and judging by the first episode of Long Way Down it should be a great tour. My ancestry is Scottish/Welsh/Irish/English. So I've always toyed with the idea of doing a fly and rent/ride, but its nothing more than a pipe dream at this time.
How are you carrying your insulin?
I'm type one. (rare adult onset type one. ugh.) Anyway, I inject manually, instead of the pump. I've found I have to check my levels more frequently when I travel. As for keeping the insulin, first I would only worry if the trip was longer than a week or so. If it was long enough to worry about the insulin, I would just throw it in a ziplock and put it in with the food. I usually have a small bag of blue ice, to keep some of the food cold, so I just throw the insulin in with it.
It's easier if you hotel it, mot hotels will have a refrigerator at the front desk, and will store medicine in there.
I got Type I at 26, they still consider that juvenal onset but very late. I'm probably going to do the cooler thing too. I'm also making sure that I'm on file at Wal-mart pharmacy so I can get a fresh bottle or two while in Anchorage. That will make life a little easier.
insulin not a problem
Check ahead, I think you can buy fresh insulin in Canada without a script, and it's much less $$$. I carry a fresh prescription (recently dated) from my physician when i travel for over a week. Temps aren't high enough on average up to Alaska to spoil your vials either.
Good luck and enjoy.
I've had Type 1 diabetes for about 30 years. I rode the Alaska trip from Cincinnati to Alaska and back solo. If your diabetes is in good control when you're not touring, you should be OK for touring as well. The risk of being wrong is higher, of course.
I didn't refrigerate my insulin. I had heard a while ago that it loses about 1% of its effectiveness for each month that it's a room temperature. I'm not a drug rep, but that rings true in my experience. I've not a problem with the insluin being useless or having insulin out of the refrigerator being "too strong."
Leaving it by its lonesome in your Givi case on a hot day is another story.
Definitely wear a medic alert. You'll need it if you can't speak for yourself. I do that all of the time anyway as a place to hang my pump when showering.
Bring scripts from your doctor of all of your medication. It helps when crossing the border, it helps when you need supplies. It just simply helps- if you never use them, fine. If you needed them and don't have them, it's a problem.
Been to six continents and type 1 diabetes and travel has not been a problem.
On a non-diabetic Alaska note, I'd strongly recommend riding up and taking the Alaska Marine Highway back.
Good luck. It's a cool trip- definitely gives a "last frontier" kind of feel.
Frio cooling wallets for pens, pumps, or bottles. IT works. I have the large.
http://www.coolerconcept.com/pages/inspumpwallet.htm you just soak it in water and it stays cooler than room temp for 3 or 4 days. It has a GEL inside that soaks up the water and evaporates it slowly to keep the inside of the pouch cool. When it starts to dry out you just soak it in water again.
I too am Type 1 diabetic (also a late onset). While I haven't done much long range bike traveling, I have done extensive traveling. I have not found it to be a problem having insulin unrefrigerated for reasonable lengths of time (say less than a month), at reasonable temperatures.
Regarding the border crossing, one point is that it may be easier to get across with the medicine in the original bottle, instead of in the cartridges. I've never had a problem, but it is potentially one less thing to worry about.
As mentioned, a glucagon kit is vital, as well as someone that knows how to use it. Also, snacks that can be easily consumed, and are high in carbs, in case of low sugar. I don't really see the point in medic alert jewelry if you are wearing a pump, but I still have one.
I am not a diabetic, but I am sorry about your problem. Igloo made a small electic cooler that plugged into a 12V socket, it carried 9 - 12 oz cans. I think it was called the Igloo Mobile Mate 9, you might be able to rig that up to your bike and also have a few cold ones at the end of your day :clap
Nice to read I'm not alone....
I'm a Type 2.... just useing pills for now...... it helps to have FRIENDS that look out for me when we ride!
Think about making a ICE number on your cell phone, I have put all my info there, if I cant speek for my self... Medical people will look for a ICE number on cell phone.... & my rideing buddys know it is there.
Ever time I ride it is a small little victory for controll.
I found a small, cheap answer at the grocery store this week.
It's a small metal thermos bottle. Big enough for the insulin bottles and plenty enough ice to keep it cool for 14 hours. I did a test already with the thermos sitting on top of my stove, worked great.
jefnvk- I have an ICE # on my phone and you're right it is a good idea. My wife's new motorolla/verizon phone actually has the ICE# as part of the software. Good on Verizon for standarizing their phone software and remembering this feature.
In the US you can get NPH and R w/o a script, but not Humalog/Novolog.
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Living in California, we are constantly bombarded with healthy food alternatives, like Organic, Farm Fresh, All Natural... they all sound good, but what does it all really mean? Let's break it down:Organically Grown foods are different from conventional products in the way that they are grown, handled and processed. It also means that the farm does not use hormones, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetic engineering (or biotechnology), irradiation or antibiotics. And it must also be tested and certified by the USDA, as organic. Products can that can be produced organically including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food products. Natural Food is not actually a legal term, but it is used to indicate that the food is preservative-free and has been minimally processed. But Natural does not mean Organic unless it is labeled so.Locally Grown is food that comes from a farm within a 100 to 250 mile radius. But again, this does not mean that it is organic unless it has been certified. But many local farms do not use harmful pesticides and instead use a process called Ecological Balance to prevent soil and pest problems by farming diverse crops that help in pollination and are natural pest controls. Organic farms also use this process. Environmental Benefits:There is a huge environmental benefit to supporting organic and local farms, which do not use harmful hormones or pesticides. Because their soil is healthier, in turn, the ground water is cleaner and they also help to minimize the greenhouse effect as well as global warming by keeping carbon in the soil. Though the prices are often higher than grocery stores, the reason behind it is complicated, but the general consensus is that the very wealthy pesticide companies make deals with government agencies to discount farmers who get governmental loans and grants, but the farms who wish to be certified as organic have to endure a very lengthy, complicated and expensive application process and they often do not receive the government grants that non-organic farms get. In turn, the farm is more expensive to run and the cost is then put upon the consumer. Health Benefits:The pesticides, hormones and synthetics that are used on the food that we consume, is potentially harmful. Though they are classified as safe, there have been links to certain types of cancers and pesticides. If you are trying to make healthier food choices, you can start by checking out your local Farmers Markets. They are a fun family event and a great way to get on a new food path.If you knew what kinds of hormones and antibiotics are pumped into livestock on non-organic farms, you could very well become a vegetarian before you reach the end of this article. Being that you cannot buy meats from your local farm, you can check with your local grocery store and Whole Foods markets for organic meats and poultry. Remember to check for the USDA Organic Certification.Local Benefits:A big benefit of buying locally is that since the produce does not have to travel very far (if at all) the fruits and vegetables are able to ripen longer before they are picked, making them much fresher. Food that is picked too early also reduces the healthy nutrients and local farm produce is often picked fresh daily. Foods, even organic foods, that come from the grocery store spend days sometimes weeks on trucks being transported from state to state. By buying local, you are benefiting farmers who have probably been there for generations and you are also supporting the local community. And though the prices may be higher for these products, the piece of mind is priceless!(Sources: the National Organic Program & USDA Organics)Katrina Andrews is a mother of two, a screenplay writer andthe author of, Cool! You're Pregnant! The Handbook forthe Busy Woman. You can visit her website at coolyourpregnant.com
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Ralph Haines Durst (1865-1940s?) was a hop farmer in Wheatland and the largest employer of migrant farm workers in California. The Wheatland Hop Riot took place on his ranch in 1913.
Ralph Durst was born in Austin, Nevada, in 1865, the third of four sons born to Rose Francis Haines Durst of Pekin, Illinois, and Dr. Daniel P. Durst of Greenville, Pennsylvania. He had no sisters. His father, Dr. Daniel P. Durst, came to California in 1853. After traveling around Cape Horn and landing at San Francisco, Dr. Durst spent one winter administering medicine to the miners near La Porte before settling in Colusa, where he practiced medicine, farmed, and married Rose Frances Haines Durst, who had been working as a teacher in Colusa and was the daughter of a major farm equipment inventor and manufacturer in Illinois. The drought of 1864-1865 destroyed the family's crops, so the family moved to Nevada City until 1867, when Dr. D. P. Durst bought 35 acres just south of Wheatland, adjacent to the railroad tracks, and built a house there for the family. In 1876, Dr. Durst bought a 500-acre ranch just west of Wheatland, and in 1883, he bought another ranch southeast of Wheatland, adjacent to the Bear River. Eventually amassing 670 acres, Dr. Durst became the largest employer of migrant farm workers in California. He planted the first alfalfa grown in Wheatland and (when Ralph Durst was 18 years old) the first hops grown on the Bear River. He contributed to levee construction and belonged to the Anti-Debris Association. He retired in 1885 and died in 1911, leaving Ralph and his younger brother Jonathan in charge of the farm. (The oldest brother, John Haines Durst, had been a lawyer in San Francisco but died in 1903, leaving one son. The second-oldest, Murray Haines Durst, already had a large ranch of his own and was one of California's leading hop growers. Murray Haines Durst died in 1914, leaving three children.)
Ralph and Jonathan went into business as the Durst Brothers, continuing their father's practice of growing primarily hops. The pay and working conditions for the thousands of migrant hop pickers they employed were abysmally unliveable, though not significantly more so than was typical at other farms. It was common practice for farmers of all types to advertise for at least twice as many workers than they actually needed, because the resulting fierce competition for jobs among the excess migrant farm workers who showed up made it easy for them to treat their employees badly and simply replace any of them who complained. Thousands of employees and aspiring employees camped outside for the duration of the hop-picking season. The Durst Brothers provided no other housing and only nine outhouses. The nearby irrigation canals were filled with trash tossed there by thousands of past hop pickers who had nowhere else to put it, so the water in the canals was contaminated with dysentery. Workers laboring in 100-degree heat had to buy their water from the Durst Brothers, who charged 5 cents per glass for water mixed with acetic acid, a liquid compound found in vinegar and used in the production of paint solvents. Workers' only nearby source of food was the Durst Brothers' store, which sold similarly substandard and overpriced food.
Soon after they inherited their father's farm, the Durst Brothers hired a new foreman to help them streamline production and maximize profit. The new foreman laid off the athletic men assigned to the specialized tasks of climbing 30 feet up the hop vines to detach them from the fence, carrying the 100-pound sacks of hops to the wagon, and loading the sacks into the wagon. All the hop pickers, including women and children, were now expected to perform these tasks themselves, but they were only paid for the number of hops they picked, just as they had been before. The Durst Brothers also established a new "bonus system" in which workers were paid only 90% of the going rate during their first week on the job. The workers were paid 100% of the going rate during the second week of the three-week hop-picking season, and 110% of the going rate if they lasted until the final week. Since not all workers were able to stay the entire season, this system saved the Durst Brothers about $100 per day.
The Durst Ranch was chosen as the site of the labor strike leading to the Wheatland Hop Riot in 1913 because it employed the largest number of migrant farm workers in California, not because its abysmal treatment of the workers was particularly unusual. When an estimated 2,800 people showed up to pick hops at the Durst Ranch on August 1, 1913, and learned that the Durst Ranch only had enough drying ovens to process the output of 1,500 pickers a day, about 1,700 of them held an informal meeting at which they formed a grievance committee and elected leaders to notify the Dursts of their demands. The next day, about 300 to 400 hop pickers assembled and marched half a mile to the Durst Ranch headquarters. When Ralph Durst came out of his office and the grievance was read to him, he asked for an hour to think it over. The grievance committee gave him two hours.
After thinking it over, Ralph Durst agreed to provide fresh ice water in the fields three times a day, sanitary toilets, and garbage collection, and to rehire the athletic men to resume performing their previous specialized tasks. However, he refused to raise the workers' pay to a flat rate of $1.25 per 100-pound sack of hops picked, saying he would stick to the bonus system and continue to pay them 90 cents per sack the first week, $1 per sack the second week, and $1.10 per sack the third week. When leader Richard 'Blackie' Ford replied that in that case, the workers would strike, Ralph Durst slapped him across the face with a heavy work glove and ordered him and the other marchers off his property. When they refused to leave, Ralph Durst went to the Wheatland Police Department and the office of his attorney, Edmund Tecumseh Manwell, who was also the district attorney of Yuba County. When Ralph Durst returned to his ranch, he was accompanied by Manwell, by Yuba County Sheriff George H. Voss, and by four constables, three of whom sheriff Voss deputized just before they drove to the Durst Ranch.
Upon their arrival, Sheriff Voss fired his pistol into the air and yelled, "I'm the sheriff of Yuba County! Disperse!" Not only did the workers not disperse, but one of them threw a rock that hit Sheriff Voss in the head. Ralph Durst then pointed out Blackie Ford and yelled to the deputy to arrest him. As the deputy grabbed Ford, the crowd grabbed Sheriff Voss, knocking him to the ground and taking his weapons. Deputy Henry Daken fired his sawed-off shotgun into the air. Deputy Eugene Reardon pulled out his pistol, but one of the striking hop pickers grabbed his arm and the two men wrestled, the gun firing wildly several times while they did. Eventually the hop picker wrenched the gun away and beat Deputy Reardon over the head with it, then shot District Attorney Manwell in the heart, killing him. Deputy Daken then shot the hop picker through the heart, killing him. Ralph Durst and the Durst Brothers' private security guards fired randomly into the crowd until their guns were empty, then jumped into Durst's car and retreated to his farmhouse, leaving the sheriff and deputies to fend for themselves. (One of the private security guards, Nels Nelson, was shot before the escape, shattering his right arm.) The crowd beat Deputy Daken until he broke away and ran to the Durst Brothers' company store, where he shaved off his mustache, threw out his false teeth, darkened his face, and posed as a company bookkeeper, fooling the strikers until he found the chance to escape later that day. The crowd beat Sheriff Voss until they broke his leg. Deputies L. B. Anderson and Elmer Bradshaw were each shot in the arm, and Anderson was also severely wounded in the head. An 18-year-old hop picker named Ed Donnelly, who was not part of the strike, was shot dead, and many other hop pickers were shot and injured.
The Durst Brothers ended up paying the hop pickers a flat rate of $1 per 100-pound sack and giving in to all the strikers' other demands. The riot focused public opinion for the first time on the plight of California's agricultural laborers, and spurred Governor Hiram Johnson to create a new State Commission on Immigration and Housing. The commission created new state legislation that regulated working conditions for migrant farm workers. For more information, see the Wheatland Hop Riot page.
Rose Frances Haines Durst died in 1917. In the spring of 1923, Ralph Durst bought a 260-acre ranch on the south side of the Bear River, across from the old Durst Ranch, where he planted peaches and other orchards. In 1930, Jonathan Haines Durst—who had financed and edited the Wheatland Four Corners as well as farming hops—died in San Francisco, leaving a wife but no children. Ralph Durst then took over sole management of the Durst Ranch until he died in the 1940s.
Ralph H. Durst from History of Yuba and Sutter Counties, 1924 "Hops of Wrath: 1913's bloody Wheatland Hop Riot eventually led to better conditions for workers. Too bad it was only temporary." by David A. Kulczyk, Sacramento News & Review, August 30, 2007


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[Up to 50% Off] Sunway Lagoon Tuesday Admission Tickets: 1-Time Entry & Access to All 5 Parks in Sunway Lagoon for 4 Children (RM180) / 2 Children + 2 Adults (RM240) / 4 Adults (RM240)
- 1-day unlimited access Tuesday ticket for children and adults to Sunway Lagoon, 1-time entry.
- Access to all 5 parks:
- Amusement Park
- Water Park
- Scream Park
- Extreme Park
- Wildlife Park
- Thrilling rides include the Tomahawk, Pirates Revenge, and more.
- Water park attractions include the world's first Waterplexx 5D, Vuvuzela, African Pythons, and more.
- Valid on Tuesdays only.
- Not valid for Go-Kart, Bungy Jump and G-Force X attractions in Extreme Park.
- A RM10 deposit is chargeable for every entry and will be refunded upon return of wristband tag on the same day before 7pm.
- Child ticket is valid for children aged 11 and below and above the height of 90cm.
- Customers aged 12 and above must purchase Groupon for adult tickets.
- Redemption period: Apr 2, 2013 – Jul 2, 2013.
- No bookings required.
- Valid Tue: 10am – 6pm (including public holidays and school holidays).
- May buy and use many.
- Not valid with other on-going promotions (such as MyKad promotion, annual pass, and group purchases or functions) and discounts.
- Printed Groupon voucher required upon redemption.
- Valid at Sunway Lagoon: 03-5639 0000 (Call 10am – 6pm daily) / http://www.sunwaylagoon.com/.
- See the rules that apply to all deals.
Time does not fly when one is having fun; it flies on the head of an ostrich flung from a giant slingshot. Today's Groupon reaches for the skies with a Tuesday one-time entry, unlimited access ticket in Sunway Lagoon for children and adults to Sunway Lagoon. Choose from the following:
- Tickets for 4 children for RM180 instead of RM240
- Tickets for 2 children and 2 adults for RM240 instead of RM420
- Tickets for 4 adults for RM240 instead of RM480
Parks and attractions
- Water Park: Click here to see a list of attractions.
- Amusement Park: Click here to see a list of attractions.
- Extreme Park: Click here to see a list of attractions.
- Wildlife Park: Click here to learn more.
- Scream Park: Click here to learn more.
Groupon is not valid for Go-Kart, Bungy Jump and G-Force X attractions in Extreme Park.
No stranger to the denizens of Malaysia, Sunway Lagoon—an iconic multi-park attraction located in Bandar Sunway—has seen its fair share of patrons ranging from toddlers to thrill-seeking adults, who let emotions and shrieks of joy loose within the grounds of its five parks. Experience over 80 rides and attractions in the multi-award winning theme park that lend to the theme park's title of 'Asia's Best Attraction', including the world's largest man-made sandy surf beach, Malaysia's first interactive zoo, Lynton V Harris' Scream Park, the world's first Waterplexx 5D, and the Vuvuzela.
Tips and recommendations
- Be sure to visit Sunway Lagoon's new attractions: the world's first Waterplexx 5D, which is the first of its kind in Malaysia; and the newly-opened Vuvuzela.
- Remove any glasses or jewellery before going for the water slides.
- Avoid smuggling any zombies out from the Scream Park as the management is not responsible for any potential outbreaks.
Phone: 03-5639 0000 (Call 10am – 6pm daily)
Sunway Lagoon's Scream Park has been featured in Time Out Kuala Lumpur.


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I'd sell it for no less than $900; MAYBE $875 because he's a friend, but those Scorpions are usually almost $1100 bucks now, though I did just see one for $950. I'd stick to no less than $875
Why selling?
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