text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
On 09/25/2006, at 20:36, Joshua Morris wrote:
Hi Everyone,
I am shopping for a new laptop and am looking for suggestions on
laptops that work well with Linux. I have been looking at HP's
dv9000t with the core 2 duo chip set. At < $2,800 i'm scared to
exaust my student budget on it if it is not going to do what I am
looking for. This is the configuration I am looking for:
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


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Definitions for NUMA
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word NUMA
Numa is a city in Appanoose County, Iowa, United States. The population was 82 in the 2010 census, a decline from 109 in the 2000 census.
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subset: commoncrawl


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. August is still summer, right? Yeah? COOL! Then we're hittin' ya up with two ALL-NEW Spidey stories from times when he wasn't Secretly Invading or Branding New Days. First, Spidey teams up with Falcon to handle an outbreak of futuristic weaponry showing up in Harlem, and then MARY JANE takes center stage as she teams up with She-Hulk, Hellcat, Marvel Girl and some other lovely ladies to take on The Enchantress, in this one-shot!


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|Dawn Of The Underground-December 2011
It has been a truly amazing month for music, the local music scene has been alive with activity.. If you haven't gotten out to see some of the bands/entertainment in person, I'll tell you what you missed.. And if you have been fortunate like me to PARTY like a ROCKSTAR, and see all or at least some of what Baltimore has to musically offer you.. You were really happy this month.
Zach Myers of Shinedown, played an intimate evening @ Baltimore Soundstage (sitting in café sytle fashion t where tables have been set up where the mosh pit normally is!!) where he shared the stage with local talent David Gascon, Justin Walters, and more. It was an amazing night, filled with laughter, great friends and acoustic renditions of Zach Myers' songs as well as some covers like "Sitting on the Dock of the Bay" which was sung so soulfully, it was the best rendition of that song I had ever heard!!.. Back again at Baltimore Soundstage, again for another musical night but not seated and not quiet, OH HELL NO.. A sea of people ROCKED OUT to the musical talent of A Freudian Slip, rebel inc., Sky Came Burning, Almost Kings, and the Colonist. There was organized chaos as a film crew snaked their way strategically around the venue following Adrianna, vocalist for Forgive the Fallen, and other random fans for Sky Came Burnings' upcoming video that was being filmed that night.. My FAVORITE part of the night honestly had to be when Defiant Caliber OCCUPIED the stage with rebel inc. (ßINSERT PUN HERE.)
It was AMAZING, THEATHRICAL, and just GOOD. The energy that was pouring from the stage from all of the talented musicians from the impromptu comingling of bands, and all I can say is "DO IT AGAIN!!"
Rams Head hosted Vessels' CD release party,. Comedy abounded as Kevin Hock lead singer, frontman extraordinaire of "Loving the Lie" staged some comedic acts, within the show, one of which had him sitting on a lawn chair on stage, letting the fans sing for him, or yet another when the band tossed TONS OF GLOW NECKLACES into the crowd, the venue actually GLOWED when LTL performed "Radiant".. Vessels lead singer Pollux, took the stage and performed like a man on fire!, gyrating his legs, reminiscent of Elvis, but in a fashion I have never seen a human do before, it was memorizing. The creative makeup of the band was cute if not somewhat disturbing ;). My daughter, Sam who accompanied me to this and many other shows, band practices., etc, my best and most HONEST critic, LOVED IT!
Some bands have started playing again after a hiatus from the music scene, including Hero of the Hour and Laughing Colours. And some bands have crashed onto the music scene like MEGOSH, playing to a near sell out crowd. I cant wait to see what these bands have to offer in the future!!, I will be watching. 8)
Sufficed to say, Baltimore and the local music scene has ALOT to offer, great shows, great entertainment, great people, just sometimes they are UNDERGROUND, just beyond the light of everyone seeing what a GOLDMINE we have in this town. I will look forward to seeing the musicians and the fans that love them while I am out and about bringing the music that we love into the light!


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Read more: Extreme survival: The toughest life forms on Earth
There might never be a larger animal than the blue whale, but plants and fungi can dwarf it
As any school child will tell you, the largest known animal now and in evolutionary history is the blue whale. At 30 metres long and weighing up to 190 tonnes, blue whales may be about as big as it is possible for this type of animal to get. Any larger and they would face overheating on exertion, with their metabolism generating heat faster than it could be dissipated through their surface area. The problem is compounded by their thick layer of blubber, essential for insulation when at rest.
While there might never be a larger animal than the blue whale, there are other kinds of organism that dwarf it. The largest of them all, dubbed the "humongous fungus", is a honey ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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Randall Lane
The Zeroes
My Stats
|Contributor Since:
|September 2011
About Me
I am the editor of Forbes Magazine, and believe strongly that entrepreneurial capitalism and market-based thinking can solve the world's problems. This is my second stint at Forbes -- between 1991 and 1997, I was a reporter, a staff writer (five cover stories), associate editor and Washington bureau chief. In between, I caught the start-up bug: I co-founded P.O.V. Magazine (Adweek's Startup of the Year), and then launched Doubledown Media (Trader Monthly, Dealmaker, Private Air, etc.). As a fattening hobby, I have reviewed restaurants for various magazines since college (and was a National Magazine Award finalist for my wine writing). I used to think chronicling the world's greatest business minds made me a great entrepreneur, but I now realize my time as an entrepreneur made me an acute business journalist. For the full story, check out my book, just out in paperback, The Zeroes: My Misadventures In the Decade Wall Street Went Insane.


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Vivi, Vivy, and Viv are traditional nicknames, or diminutives, of the beautiful names Vivian, Vivien, Vivienne, and Viviana. In Latin, Vivian means full of life.
The various forms of Vivian and its nicknames are well established:
If you feel uncomfortable with Vivi, you could begin by using one of the more formal forms — Vivian, Vivien, Vivienne, or Viviana — and people may naturally start calling you Viv. When they start doing that, you can then ask them to use Vivi as your nickname.
©2014 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy


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Mobile Internet Time Mostly Spent On Social Networks!!
A recent study revealed that around 60% of our mobile internet time is spent on social networking apps and sites, compared to a miniscule 14% on other web portals.
The stark difference amongst the time spent on other web portals and social networking, estimated to be around 13.65% and 59.83% ,leaves no doubt about the impact social networking has upon the mobile internet traffic every week. All of this data was collected over a one week period from among the 3.05 million United States' mobile phone users.
It was also found out in the study that the social networking platforms designed for various smartphones, have highly engaged platforms. The increased mobile internet usage has only added to providing the developers of these social sites with greater challenges to help escalate their brand value.
Click here for complete information.


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The online free browser game TranForce is a perfect game for those who like these types of games. This puts Evony to shame IMO.
The only way to get Tokens(free matrix) is by logging in every day. As you continually log in you will get up to 9 tokens per day. Save your matrix. don't spend it you will need it later on for renowned hero. Now to improve your reputation you need to follow your tasks. Dont build defenses(no more then tasks say.)To get Matrix you need to click on Charge. This will take you to a separate window that is secure and it will allow you to choose the amount of matrix you wish to purchase. There is a auto renewal feature that will allow you to pay the same amount every month and it will also give you more of a bonus toward your purchase. As with any purchase in life, the more you buy the more you get. So if your going to spend then spend happily *Note* Remember, anything you purchase goes to improving the server for everyone. The more money made, the more they add.
Base Setup:
This is how your base should be set up. You want a trade center, a tech center, 2 robot factory's, 1 basement, 1 resource depot. 1 space fortress and the rest should be all shelters. Upgrade stuff all the time…upgrading, researching technology, and building troops is how you get reputation.
Dont randomly research stuff. First you need to understand and read what the different technologies do. For instance. Drilling (the technology) improves your oil %, that % adds to the amount of oil that you obtain per hour. Dont improve base defense any more then tasks ask you to. Only technology you need to worry about up to 1k rep is the technology that your Tasks tell you to research. As you learn the game you will come to know what other technologies are important. Mainly the 9 most important technologies are. 1.Ammunition, 2. Penetration. 3. Light Armor 4. Med armor, 5. Heavy armor. (These are for troops later on.)
6. Reconnaissance(Improves the amount of info you gain from scouting) 7.Leadership(Improves the amount of hero's you can have) 8. Exploration(allows you to capture more resource spots.) Virgin Field(Allows you to build more bases. Up to 5) And finally 9. Heal. (Heal allows you to revive dead troops after an attack/defense)
When you start out only focus on what the tasks tell you to research, Say it wants you to build 5 roamers then check in your robot factory, see what research that troop needs to be built. Then research the proper research. Then you will be able to build that unit. Its a prerequisite.
Troop building:
Dont build a lot of roamers. Roamers are the worse unit in the game. They do minimal damage, and have minimal defense. So the most roamers you will ever want to build is 30 (to meet the requirements of build units task) Mammoth Chariots: Mammoths are good in high numbers. But are still only level 2 units. So even if you have 300 Mammoths and the enemy has 200 honor fighters. You will lose. So mammoths are not too important. The smart thing to do is research all the technology you need to get straight to honor fighters. Then go for Othello Guards. Othello guards are nice. By the time you reach Othello guards you will know and understand the game enough to graduate into the main tribe.
Building Upgrades:
Upgrade everything. All the time. Your main concern in building upgrades is the Headquarters(Your main building) Tech center(where you research technology) Robot Factory(Where you train troops) Resources(Located Outside your city)*Note* Make sure you build resources evenly. So if you have 6 crystal factory's, make sure you have 6 metal and 6 oil as well. So that way your resource out put is equal.) And last but not least Shelters. Upgrade your shelters as well. It takes time to upgrade and research but its well worth the wait. Shelters increase your overall population. That concludes everything.
*Note* There are a few minor details not included in this guide, But if you ask questions in World chat 9 times out of 10 someone will gladly answer them. The server is friendly, The GM's are nice. And this is over all a 10/10 game. Just takes dedication. Thank you for reading.


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Example Syllabus Statements
1. Academic Integrity
2. Attendance Policy
3. Expectations for Classroom Behavior
4. Assignment Submission
5. Missed Exams or Late Assignments
6. Final Exams
7. Accommodating Disabilities
8. Diversity
9. Instructional Methods
10. Recommended Study Habits
11. Expectations of the Instructor
12. Amending the Syllabus/Rules
Syllabus statements are the first step in communicating expectations with students. The following examples are consistent with the policies and procedures related to teaching from a variety of USC documents.
1. Academic Integrity
Example 1:
You are expected to practice the highest possible standards of academic integrity. Any deviation from this expectation will result in a minimum academic penalty of your failing the assignment, and will result in additional disciplinary measures. This includes improper citation of sources, using another student's work, and any other form of academic misrepresentation.
The first tenet of the Carolinian Creed is, "I will practice personal and academic integrity."
Example 2:
Academic Integrity: You are expected to practice the highest possible standards of academic integrity. Any deviation from this expectation will result in a minimum academic penalty of your failing the assignment, and will result in additional disciplinary measures including referring you to the Office of Academic Integrity. Violations of the University's Honor Code include, but are not limited to improper citation of sources, using another student's work, and any other form of academic misrepresentation. For more information, please see the Honor Code.
Remember that the first tenet of the Carolinian Creed is, "I will practice personal and academic integrity."
Example 3:
The University of South Carolina has clearly articulated its policies governing academic integrity and students are encouraged to carefully review the policy on the Honor Code in the Carolina Community. Any deviation from these expectations will result in academic penalties as well as disciplinary action. The area of greatest potential risk for inadvertent academic dishonesty is plagiarism. Students should also read closely the discussion of avoiding plagiarism that is included in your reference manual.
2. Attendance Policy
Example 1:
When you miss class, you miss important information. If you are absent, you are responsible for learning material covered in class. If you are absent when an assignment is due, you must have submitted the assignment prior to the due date to receive credit. If you miss more than 10% of the classes, whether excused or unexcused, your grade will be dropped one letter grade.
3. Expectations for Classroom Behavior
Example 1:
All cell phones and pagers are to be turned off or silenced during class (not on vibrate). All cell phones are to be put away out of view during class; there is no text messaging, web browsing, etc, during class. There will be no eating during class time. Failure to adhere to these classroom rules may result in your being dismissed from class and/or an academic penalty.
Example 2:
Please be respectful of each other, the instructor, and any guest presenters while in class. We are all here to learn! Any disrespectful or disruptive behavior may result in your referral to the Office of Student Judicial Programs.
4. Assignment Submission
Assignments are always due before class starts on the day noted. Late assignments will be accepted only in cases of emergency.
Example 2:
Assignments are due at times specified by the instructor. Usually, lab reports will be due at the beginning of class. If an assignment is not handed in on time, even by a minute, then it is late. Points are taken off as follows: Up to 24 hours from the due date = -10 points; 24 to 48 hours late = -20 points; 48 to 72 hours late = -30 points; More than 72 hours late = -50 points. However, late assignments will not be accepted if they have already been graded and returned to the other students.
Example 3:
All assignments should be submitted using Blackboard's "submit assignment" link. Except for the last assignment and the final project, all assignments are due on Friday at 11:59 pm. Assignments lose 20% of their point value per day late and will be counted as if the whole assignment was submitted at the time of the latest timestamp present.
5. Midterm Exams
Example 1:
Makeup exams will be allowed only with pre-approval of the instructor or with an acceptable, documented reason. Acceptable reasons for makeup exams include severe illness, family emergencies or other unavoidable events including dangerous weather conditions and car accidents. Exam format for makeup exams may be different than the original exam and will likely utilize a short answer format. An oral examination may also be utilized if deemed appropriate by the instructor.
Example 2:
Three exams will be given for the class which weight total 50% of the final grades. The date
and time will be announced in the class. Exams will have an undergraduate version and a
more challenged graduate version. Undergraduate students may get extra credits by solving
the problems for graduate students. From time to time, short quizzes will be given in the class
as a mechanism for measuring the understanding of materials presented in the class.
No makeup exams will be given without valid and documented excuse and prearranged with
the instructor.
6. Final Exams
Students who are absent from any final examination will be given the grade of F on the course if they have not offered an excuse acceptable to the instructor. Re-examinations for the purpose of removing an F or raising a grade are not permitted. If the absence is excused, students will be assigned a grade of I, and may complete the course under the conditions specified by the instructor in the "Assignment of Incomplete Grade" form. A student with excused absence from a final examination in one semester may take the deferred examination at the next regular examination period provided the examination is taken at the convenience of the professor. The examination must be taken within one calendar year from the time the absence was incurred. Deferred examinations will be granted only in case of absence certified as unavoidable because of documented illness or other cause, rendering attendance at final examinations impossible.
7. Accommodating Disabilities
Reasonable accommodations are available for students with a documented disability. If you have a disability and may need accommodations to fully participate in this class, contact the Office of Student Disability Services: 777-6142, TDD 777-6744, email firstname.lastname@example.com, or stop by LeConte College Room 112A. All accommodations must be approved through the Office of Student Disability Services.
8. Diversity
Example 1:
In order to learn, we must be open to the views of people different that ourselves. In this time we share together over the semester, please honor the uniqueness of your fellow classmates and appreciate the opportunity we have to learn from one another. Please respect each others' opinions and refrain from personal attacks or demeaning comments of any kind. Finally, remember to keep confidential all issues of a personal or professional nature that are discussed in class.
Example 2:
In addition to scheduling exams, I have attempted to avoid conflicts with major religious holidays. If, however, I have inadvertently scheduled an exam or major deadline that creates a conflict with your religious observances, please let me know as soon as possible so that we can make other arrangements.
9. Instructional Methods
The course will be taught using multiple instructional methods. These methods will include lecture, group discussion and oral presentations with an associated critical discussion. Typically, course topics will be introduced via a 2-3 lecture format incorporating interpretive discussions. Directly following the lecture presentation, students will receive an article from the primary literature that either illustrates current research into the topic or explore a related or relevant additional concept. Literature discussions will utilize small group discussions following by classroom presentation and discussion.
10. Recommended Study Habits
Example 1:
Readiness to learn means that you will come to class with questions and insights and prepared to discuss the relevance and application of course materials. I have found that students who do well in my class also:
- Check Blackboard often for announcements and up-coming assignments and quizzes.
- Highlight the textbook or take notes as you complete reading assignments to help you prepare for quizzes.
- Form small study groups to prepare for the exams.
Get the phone numbers of at least two classmates whom you can contact if you have questions or need help studying.
Example 2:
Readiness to learn means that you will come to class with questions and insights and prepared to discuss the relevance and application of course materials.
I have found that students who do well in my class also:
- Read the assigned material before class.
- Bring thoughtful questions to class for discussion.
- Prepare for the exams in study groups.
- Take notes during class discussions and while completing reading assignments.
11. Expectations of the Instructor
The instructor is expected to facilitate learning, to answer questions appropriately, to be fair and objective in grading, to provide timely and useful feedback on assignments, to maintain adequate office hours, and to treat students as he would like to be treated in their place.
12. Amending the Syllabus/Rules
Amendments and changes to the syllabus, including evaluation and grading mechanisms, are possible. The instructor must initiate any changes. Changes to the grading and evaluation scheme must be voted on by the entire class and approved only with unanimous vote of all students present in class on the day the issue is decided. The lecture schedule and reading assignments (daily schedule) will not require a vote and may be altered at the instructor's discretion. Grading changes that unilaterally and equitably improve all students' grades will not require a vote. Once approved, amendments will be distributed in writing to all students via Blackboard.


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Be inspired by Ljubljana community guides written by our community (5)
Sort by
When I decided to ask my girlfriend to marry me, I shunned proposal hotspots Paris and Venice as too cliché. Instead, we headed to Slovenia, where Lake Bled provided the perfect romantic backdrop... read more »
See, shop and eat is the formula for a successful city break - but not necessarily in equal proportion. Ljubljana, Slovenia's capital, has all the right ingredients... read more »
I imagined that Slovenia would be an Eastern Bloc country trying to find its feet after years of Soviet abuse. How wrong I was. Stunning scenery, extreme outdoors and friendly people welcomed me... read more »
Slovenia's premier ski resort, Kranjska Gora is cheap, well connected and family friendly - a perfect place for beginners and families to find their snow legs ... read more »
Castles, caves, culture, great food, bewitching scenery, colourful markets… and the best hot chocolate in the world. Slovenia has everything its European neighbours have – apart from the crowds ... read more »
Showing 5 results


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|Sport Home > Nation
Gallacher shines in the rain
Alex Leach / 3 February 2013
Stephen Gallacher reigned supreme in the rain to surge three shots clear of the long-standing leader Richard Sterne at the Omega Dubai Desert Classic on Saturday with a record-breaking round.
The 38-year-old Scot fired a 10-under par 62 that, allied with Friday's 70 (two under) and Thursday's 63 (nine under), took him out to the best-ever, three-round score here of 195 (21 under).
It beat Tiger Woods' 12-year benchmark (196: 20 under) by just a single stroke and he's now only another good putt away from Thomas Bjorn's 72-hole marker (266: 22 under), which was also set back in 2001.
"It's the best round I've had. I was just trying to make as many birdies as I could," said last year's runner-up, whose 18 holes included six birdies and two eagles on the 13th and 18th respectively. "I'm not surprised. I'm driving the ball better than I have been the last couple of weeks and you have to play the balls from the fairways or it becomes tough.
"It's not easy to win, but the goal is to try to be in contention more times and I've certainly got a good chance on Sunday."
Familiarity has definitely helped Gallacher's formidable form on the Majlis course over the last two years, with the 2004 Alfred Dunhill Links Championship winner a regular visitor to the emirate and Emirates Golf Club.
"I have some good memories around here," he explained. "I like the place and look forward to it. I've played it a lot of times. I've come out on holiday here and I'm quite familiar with the course. I came here over Christmas and for a couple of days before the start of the season.
"I know my way around here and the lines. I know where to hit it and where not to. It's obviously in great condition and it suits my eye as well."
If Gallacher were to end his nine-year trophy drought as well, it would clearly mean a lot after a series of near misses in recent times.
"It would be great to know I can do it again," he added. "I've certainly been playing better the last three or four years. I've had a lot of close shaves – a couple of seconds last year and another the year before.
"It's just you come up against guys and sometimes it's their day and you need a bit of luck. It's tough to win but, if you've done it before, you can do it again."
Third-round scores on Saturday
|comments powered by Disqus
|Today's Print Edition


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 12/10/12
The Pittsburgh Pirates moved to bolster their bullpen Monday, agreeing to re-sign right-hander Jason Grilli to a two-year deal, according to a major league source. The deal, which is pending a physical, could give the Pirates the flexibility to trade closer Joel Hanrahan and use Grilli in a ninth-inning role. Grilli, 36, emerged as one of the most reliable setup men in the National League last season, averaging nearly 14 strikeouts per nine innings and producing a 2.91 ERA. Hanrahan could earn approximately $7 million in arbitration, and the Pirates have discussed trading him for a comparably priced starting pitcher, sources say. The Toronto Blue Jays, Chicago Cubs and San Francisco Giants also made offers to Grilli, according to a source. Grilli's agent is former major leaguer Gary Sheffield.
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text: |Our Fun Explorer Submarine Set lets kids feel like they are diving deep into the ocean. With its detailed artwork and interactive features, this sub will keep the young explorers in your life entertained for hours at a time. Underwater car lets divers explore the ocean floor. Periscope and propeller rotate 360 degrees. The KidKraft Fun Explorers Wooden Submarine Play Set includes 2 torpedoes, a working elevator, knobs that click and turn, and 40 colorful pieces. KidKraft is a leading creator, manufacturer and distributor of childrens toys, wooden furniture, gifts and room accessory items.KidKraft was established in 1968, and has been a proven pioneer in the industry for over 40 years, emphasizing creative design, excellent quality, dependability, and competitive pricing.


text:
WEBSITE OF THE DAY: Indiegogo
What is it about September that seems to instill a feeling of wanting to do something different?
Summer's over, it's back to school, the nights are starting to draw in. Maybe you're coming back from a holiday and you're dreading going back to the daily grind.
It seems a lot of people are doing something about it too, judging by the variety and diversity of the projects on display at indiegogo.com.
It's a US-based crowd funding site where you can post details of your plan and ask for support.
There are all sorts here, from new filmmakers seeking backers to people trying to get a small business off the ground.
It's a good way to get noticed on a global scale, and you might remember a recent success story we told you about in July. So we know it works (however misguided or mad).
All you need to do is come with an idea that will get people to part with their cash.
If you have a useful, funny, or just plain weird website that you want to tell us about, drop us a line using our feedback form


text:
This full record display is using an old version of our collections database until it has been reconfigured to work with our new Collections Explorer.
In the meantime, if the record has been edited recently, the version you see here may contain out of date information. To be sure of finding the most up-to-date records please run the search again in Collections Explorer. This is a temporary measure, in place only whilst the new system is being developed, and we apologise for any inconvenience. If you have any questions about the data in this record please contact the Documentation Office
Click on image(s) for larger view
Unknown (potter)
fritware (stonepaste)
Fritware with blue and white glazes and lustre painted decoration
Buff fritware, wheel thrown, with painted yellow-brown lustre decoration over an opaque white, crazed glaze on the interior and a blue crazed glaze on the exterior. Shape: cono-segmental bowl with plain rim sitting on a low foot ring. Interior: rim is decorated with a band of lustre above a radiating frieze of three fleshy arabesques. These are separated by a 'Y' shaped band, delineated by single lines, enclosing dense scrolling vegetation. The glazed is pooled slightly in the base creating a greenish tinge and a light blue wash runs from the rim, probably from the external glaze colour. Exterior: rim has a small band of lustre and a frieze of Arabic script (probably cursive) the latter lightly painted in a free hand on the upper body. The vessel body is coated with a blue glaze which runs unevenly over the foot ring.
Production Place
Iran (potter) (country) ()
Iranian (nationality) ()
Technique Description
Buff fritware, wheel thrown, with painted yellow-brown lustre decoration over a clear, crazed glaze on the interior and a blue crazed glaze on the exterior
height: (whole): 6.3
late 12th Century
circa 1179 to 1198
bequeathed: Reitlinger, Henry Scipio 1950 (Filtered for: Applied Arts collection)Henry Scipio Reitlinger (d. 1950); Reitlinger Trust, Maidenhead
H. S. Reitlinger Bequest 1950; transferred from the Reitlinger Trust, 1991
Other Notes
Accession Number
C.444-1991 (Applied Arts)
Related Image/s


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A Letter to Fr. Joseph
Fr. C. John McCloskey, III, S.T.D.
January 1, 2030
Dear Father Joseph,
Thanks so much for the invitation to be an integral part of your ordination at the Cathedral and to preach at your Mass of Thanksgiving at Saint Thomas More Church. I was overjoyed to be at both events. Since I have known you from your teen-age years when I started to give you spiritual direction and our continuing friendship through your college years and early professional life, you can imagine what a moving moment it was for me to clothe you with your chasuble and con-celebrate with you, a new priest of Christ and his Church. No other higher calling is imaginable.
One of the great saints of the last century, recently proclaimed doctor of the Church, once insisted that every priest should leave behind at least several priestly vocations to take his place. Happily, through God's grace, several dozen directly or indirectly have followed in my small wake. As you know, I will leave off my formal pastoral duties with the parish on my 77th birthday coming up in October. Knowing that you are continuing in "the long black line" is a great consolation for me. Priests, of course, never retire, as long as they can pray, hear confessions, and celebrate Holy Mass and happily, I am able to. My mantra through my fifty years of priesthood of "prayer, diet, exercise, and sleep" has stood me in good stead, so perhaps I have a decade or two still left in God's service given, these last few decades of improvement in medical technology. As it turns out, those few years in prison and the torture were wonderful for my spiritual life and did not leave me incapacitated at all, not like the confessors of the twentieth century.
I thought I would take a few minutes of your time to give you an overview of the developments in the Church since the last Great Jubilee of the year 2000. After all, as you are only 25, barely of canonical age, so you don't have much memory of the events leading up to our present vigorous and healthy state of the Church in the Regional States of North America. No doubt you had some excellent professors of Church History at the seminary, who paid special attention to what in its time was known as the post-conciliar period after the great Second Vatican Council. (I was delighted to see you had six courses in Church History in the seminary. Lots of the problems of the 50-year period after the close of the Council could have been avoided particularly in the West, had they been seen in the perspective of the history of the Church, with its ups and downs, and saints and sinners. Yes, Ecclesia semper reformanda! We have been in post conciliar times, after all, ever since the Council of Jerusalem in the year 50, but no matter.) The post-conciliar period was the era of the first 45 or so years of my formation as a lay Catholic and later the first twenty years of priesthood.
With the perspective of 30 years, many of the elements of this era appear both tragic and comic, other elements simply like a nightmare. You know I have written through the years many articles about that generally unfortunate period in our country and in the Church when so many souls were lost, such confusion was sown, so much that took many decades to build was destroyed so rapidly. No need to say more here. You have probably studied some excerpts from books by the great European philosophers Maritain and von Hildebrand, and such insightful North American authors as Hitchcock, Kelly, McInerney, Wrenn, and Baker, and Roche who explained succinctly what can in retrospect be seen clearly as, at least a distortion of the teachings of that great Council and in some instances betrayal and purposeful misinterpretation.
Nothing new here of course. In your studies of the Councils of the Church, you saw that many of the Councils historically were called to answer some crisis and carried on their deliberations in very difficult circumstances. Yet the challenges they were called to address often lasted several decades before their conciliar teachings were put into effect. It is not surprising that the Church has the longest view of any institution because of its supernatural nature. As the expression goes "Roma patiens quia aeterna." No need to translate for you, I know, since all seminarians now take six years of Latin in addition to a full year of Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. We will convert those Moslems yet!
To meet the post-conciliar confusion came that unexpected supernatural intervention in 1978 in the election as Supreme Pontiff of John Paul the Great. I was in my first year of seminary studies in Rome when he was elected and I heard those words from his lips in Saint Peter's Square, Non Abbiate Paura (Do not fear). (Okay, I know you know Italian too. Hope you get a chance to use it doing some graduate studies in Rome at Santa Croce but first get your hands dirty with some ...
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6 years ago
My children have been atending Catholic Religious Education for the last 3-years at the parish where they worship. The drive is a mere 30 minute ride. I am going through a divorce and a Judge wants me to take the children to another parish for their Religious Education where the drive would be less that 30 minutes. This would separate the children's Religious Education from where they worship. Our priest stated it would be detrimental to the children's spiritual development to do this. We are not talking about a 1-hour drive but only 30 minutes. Is this against the 1st Amendment for a Judge to force something like this?
Please advise.
Mr. Dodson
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THE State may appeal to the Supreme Court against the 14-year prison term to which a man who was convicted of raping his daughter was sentenced in the High Court in Windhoek last year.
The prosecution received leave to appeal to the Supreme Court in a judgement handed down by Judge Nate Ndauendapo.
Judge Ndauendapo sentenced the convicted man, then 47 years old, to 14 years' imprisonment on a charge of rape and to a concurrent jail term of one year on a count of assault in June last year.
The man, who cannot be named in order to protect the identity of his daughter, was found guilty on the two charges at the end of February last year.
He was accused of having assaulted his 14-year-old daughter by slapping her, and of then raping the girl in their house at Koës in the Karas Region on September 9 2004.
In terms of the Combating of Rape Act the man faced the prospect of being sentenced to a prescribed prison term of not less than 15 years.
Judge Ndauendapo, while slamming the man for "despicable and humiliating conduct" towards his daughter, said he considered the fact that the man had spent close to a year in custody before his trial was concluded as substantial and compelling circumstances that justified a departure from the mandatory sentence.
The prosecution was not satisfied with that reasoning, and applied to be given leave to appeal to the Supreme Court against the sentence.
In his judgement on the application, Judge Ndauendapo said he agreed with State advocate Innocentia Nyoni's argument that rape is a very serious and prevalent offence in Namibia.
He added: "The accused is the biological father of the complainant, he was trusted by the complainant and I found that his personal circumstances were far outweighed by the seriousness of the crime and the interests of society."
He concluded that in his view the Supreme Court may have a different view than his on the sentence imposed. In the result, the State was given leave to appeal.
Defence lawyer Boris Isaacks represented the accused.


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Building Canada's National Public Cord Blood Bank
The fundraising campaign "For All Canadians" has been set in motion to raise funds to help build a National Public Cord Blood Bank. Canada is the only G8 country that does not have a national Public Cord Blood Program – we need to change that! Through this 3-year campaign, we will transform stem cell donation in Canada, by creating a new system that will collect and store stem cells from cord blood donations that represent the unique multi-ethnic communities in Canada. Your investment in the Campaign For All Canadians will be critical to saving lives and reducing the distress of families who can only wait and hope, especially for patients from multi-ethnic communities. Together, we can build Canada's first national public umbilical cord blood bank to save more lives. Join us!


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Gracielinda Prescott is the Managing Member of Tutti, LLC .
Tutti, LLC filed as a Domestic in the State of California filed on Wednesday, May 23, 2012. This corporation is approximately three years old according to documents filed with California Secretary of State. Tutti, LLC also lists Ryan Poulson as Managing Member.
Gracielinda Prescott is connected to other officers through these corporate roles. One of the top connections is Ryan Poulson .
Key roles for Gracielinda Prescott
Tutti, LLC
Managing Member


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NFL Preview - Kansas City (8-4) at San Diego (6-6)
By Lyle Fitzsimmons, Contributing NFL Editor
(Sports Network) - Numbers-wise, it just doesn't make sense.
With an offense that's the league's third-best in scoring and a defense that's allowed the fewest total yards and passing yards in the NFL, the San Diego Chargers shouldn't be in a fight for their playoff lives heading into Week 14 for the NFL season.
But that's precisely where the four-time defending AFC West champions find themselves on the eve of a Qualcomm Stadium showdown with current division leader Kansas City this Sunday.
A loss to the Chiefs would drop head coach Norv Turner and Co. to 6-7 on the season and eliminate any chance San Diego could catch Kansas City -- which also won the season series opener between these teams on Sept. 13 -- for the West crown with just three games remaining on the 2010 regular-season schedule.
Such a result would all but KO any fleeting Wild Card hopes the Chargers still harbor as well.
San Diego trails the incumbent Wild Card leaders -- the New York Jets and Baltimore Ravens -- by three and two games, respectively, and faces a homestretch grind that includes a home game with San Francisco next week before season-ending road trips to Cincinnati and Denver.
Still, while opportunity may be waning, confidence is not.
"In a lot of ways it is in our hands," Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers said. "Not completely, but what we can control is winning this week and winning the games we get to play. Again, we've needed help before in previous years, and a lot more than we need now, and it's worked out.
"If we look up Jan. 2 and it's not enough, it's not enough. But we've got to make sure that on Jan. 2 we've done all we can do, and it starts this week by winning against Kansas City."
Meanwhile, the Chiefs, who've not swept the Chargers since 2003, will try to extend a three-game win streak with a quarterback coming off game-week surgery.
Matt Cassel, who's thrown 23 touchdowns to four interceptions in year No. 2 atop the Kansas City depth chart, underwent an appendectomy on Wednesday and is a question mark to suit up.
If he's unable to go, the starting duties fall to backup Brodie Croyle, who's winless in nine career starts. The Chiefs also signed quarterback Tyler Palko to the active roster from the practice squad.
Croyle has played in 16 regular-season games, completing 173-of-300 passes for 1,631 yards and eight touchdowns with eight interceptions.
"Just got to prepare like you always do," Croyle said. "My number's called, got to be ready to go. You've got to be ready to go on any play."
Kansas City holds a 51-48-1 edge in a regular-season series with San Diego that dates back to 1960, when the Chiefs franchise was then known as the Dallas Texans and the Chargers resided in Los Angeles. The Chargers had won five straight over the Chiefs, including home-and-home sweeps in each of the previous two seasons, prior to Kansas City's 21-14 verdict at Arrowhead Stadium in this year's opener. The Chiefs have lost in five of their last six stops to Qualcomm Stadium, with the lone win during that span a 30-16 decision in 2007.
In addition to their regular-season history, the teams have met once in the postseason, with the Chargers scoring a 17-0 home victory over the Chiefs in a 1992 AFC First-Round Playoff.
Turner is 5-7 against the Chiefs as a head coach, including a 5-2 record since taking over in San Diego in 2007. Kansas City's Todd Haley is 1-2 against both Turner and the Chargers as a head coach.
Running the ball has been the preeminent Kansas City strength this season, as evidenced by an NFL-best rate of 175.2 rushing yards per week. The Chiefs' total yardage clip of 373.8 per game is sixth in the league, while their scoring rate of 24.6 points per game is ninth. Passing has been an afterthought at times, though, and Kansas City is just 25th with a weekly average of 198.7 yards through the air. Conversely, San Diego has been solid at stopping everything but points. The Chargers are first in the league in both total yards allowed (281.5 ypg) and pass defense (186.2 ypg), and are fifth against the run (95.2 ypg). The scoring average of 21.1 points per game allowed, however, is only 16th-best of 32 teams.
Cassel has thrived against the AFC West this season, throwing for eight touchdowns and just one interception while compiling a 93.4 passer rating. He has 28 touchdown passes and 14 interceptions in his career as a road starter as well, along with an 87.5 rating. Running back Jamaal Charles is nearing Jim Brown's status as the lone NFL player to gain 1,100 rush yards with at least a 6.2 yards per carry average. Charles has 1,137 rushing yards, the second-best total in the league, so far in 2010. A 100-yard game this week would be his third straight, and he's also seeking a third straight game with at least 90 yards and a rushing touchdown against San Diego. Outside, wide receiver Dwayne Bowe is 115 yards away from a second straight 1,000-yard receiving season. Rookie tight end Tony Moeaki passed Tony Gonzalez in the Kansas City record book last week with his 36th reception as a first-year player. He caught a touchdown pass in the Week 1 triumph over the Chargers. On the special teams, return ace Dexter McCluster had a 94-yard punt runback in the earlier meeting with the Chargers, the longest in Chiefs franchise history.
Chargers linebacker Shaun Phillips has 6 1/2 sacks in his last eight games against the Chiefs and leads the team with 10 on the season, while linebacker Kevin Burnett tops the team with 74 tackles, including 64 solo stops. Cornerback Antoine Cason is tops among San Diego players with four interceptions.
San Diego has feasted through the air this season, running up the second-best total yardage (397.4 ypg) and passing yardage (291.8 ypg) rates in the league. The Chargers' scoring clip of 26.9 points is third in the NFL, while the run game and its 105.6-yard average is just 19th. Kansas City has succeeded in keeping foes off the scoreboard to the tune of a ninth-best 19.8 points per game average. Opponents have done well in terms of yardage, though, leaving the Chiefs at 16th in total defense (334.9 ypg), 21st in pass defense (233.1 ypg) and 12th in rushing yards allowed (101.8 ypg).
Rivers is a touchdown pass away from 25 on the season, which would make him the first in Chargers' history to reach that number in three straight years. He is 18-1 as a starter in December with 34 touchdown passes, 11 interceptions and a 99.0 passer rating, and also stands 358 yards short of joining Dan Fouts as the lone San Diego quarterbacks to reach 4,000 in three straight years. Running back Mike Tolbert caught a career-best six passes in last week's 28-13 home loss to Oakland and has scored a career-high nine touchdowns this season. Tight end Antonio Gates has 12 career touchdowns against the Chiefs, his most against any foe, and leads NFL players at his position with 782 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns in 2010. Wideout Vincent Jackson, questionable to play with a calf injury, averages 19.9 yards per catch (25 catches, 497 yards) lifetime against Kansas City, and rookie Seyi Ajirotutu has compiled an average of 20.4 yards per reception this season.
Kansas City linebacker Tamba Hali has a career-best 10 sacks this season and rookie cornerback Javier Arenas had a career-high two in last week's 10-6 victory over Denver.
In spite of San Diego's lofty defensive standing, several options for the Chiefs are worthwhile, including Cassel (if healthy), Charles, running back Thomas Jones, Bowe and Moeaki. For the Chargers, the same can be said of Rivers, Tolbert, wideout Malcom Floyd, Gates and kicker Nate Kaeding. Out of the two defenses, San Diego's is the one to go with.
Last week's loss to Oakland dealt a huge blow to San Diego's overall playoff chances, but what opportunity does remain can be augmented by a big effort on Sunday. And in spite of the 6-6 record, it's hard to pick against a team that -- at least perception-wise -- still seems to be among the league's best. Score one for the last stand on the home field.
Sports Network Predicted Outcome: Chargers 24, Chiefs 20


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Huntsman Intensifies R&D Focus on Sustainability
2:54 AM MDT | November 4, 2011 | Alex Scott
Huntsman increasingly is focusing its R&D activities on the development of products designed in response to challenges such as higher energy prices and scarcer water resources, says Ron Gerrard, corporate sustainability officer for Huntsman. "At the business level, we are identifying the long-term trends that affect our markets and looking to see how products and applications can play a part in supporting and providing solutions to the challenges those markets face," Gerrard says. The company added to its sustainability activities in 2010...
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A head guide with a display is attitudinally controlled for guiding the head of a passive viewer wherein the display is for viewing images that are emulative of images viewed by a cameraman with head mounted cameras whose head attitude is monitored for controlling the head guide in synchronism with the images gathered by the cameras. Additionally, the viewer's eyes may be induced to follow a sequence of visual fixations at the same time as the passive viewer's head is induced to execute attitudinal movements consistent therewith.
1. Apparatus for assisting a user in viewing images in a standing, seated, or reclining posture, comprising:
a moveable headrest mounted on or with respect to a support for supporting a head of said user in executing head movements from a changing direction;
a light source, responsive to a light control signal, for providing light for image viewing by an eye in a head of the user acting as a passive viewer; and
an actuator, responsive to a headrest control signal, for causing the moveable headrest to execute attitudinal movements for emulation by the head of the user acting as a passive viewer.
2-16. (canceled)
17. The apparatus of
This application is a continuation-in-part of allowed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/794,122, filed 3 Feb. 1997 which is itself a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/452,510, filed 30 May 1995, entitled an "Apparatus For Inducing Attitudinal Head Movements For Passive Virtual Reality," now U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,421. This application also claims priority from U.S. provisional application 60/124,642 filed Mar. 16, 1999, now U.S. application Ser. No. 09/524,491 filed Mar. 13, 2000.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to providing light for forming images and, more particularly, to providing light for forming images for a passive viewer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Still photography, motion pictures and television were influenced by the way artists represented physical reality in paintings, as if through a window. A highly detailed perspective image is provided, typically within a rectangular frame. All provide highly detailed images which induce the viewer to cooperate with the cameraman's "vision" by assuming the artificial perspective of the representation. The viewer is enabled to deliberately suspend disbelief that the images themselves are not a real object space. The degree to which the viewer is thus enabled is influenced not only by the image resolution but by the field of view. It is usually thought desirable to increase both. For example, very high resolution commercial television standards have been formulated for increasing image quality. Such approaches typically increase the number of horizontal lines scanned to a number significantly greater than present standards. Larger format movie film such as 70 mm has been used to increase detail. Also, panoramic movies, e.g., "Cinerama" increased the field of view to increase realism. Various stereoscopic television approaches have also been conceived or developed to increase realism.
All of these traditional media take a rather objective view of the physical world. The image is framed by a window through which the viewer can gaze in any direction "into" a representation of an object space. Events are presented in both movies and television in a series of different action scenes in a story line which the viewer can observe from a stable and seemingly quasi-omniscient point of view. The viewer is led to take what appears to be a view of the world as it really is. Yet the choice of image and its perspective is picked by the creator of the image and the viewer actually assumes a passive role.
A sensorama simulator was disclosed by Heilig in U.S. Pat. No. 3,050,870. The senses of an individual were stimulated to simulate an actual experience realistically with images, a breeze, odors, binaural sound and even motion. Heilig also disclosed a stereoscopic television in U.S. Pat. No. 2,955,156. This also was passive.
"Virtual reality," in an electronic image context, goes even further in the direction of increased realism but enables the viewer to take a more active role in selecting the image and the perspective. It means allowing a viewer's natural gestures, i.e., head and body movements, by means of a computer, to control the images surroundings, as if the viewer were seeing and moving about in a real environment of seeing, hearing and touching. Due to the myriad of possible actions of the viewer, a corresponding multiplicity of virtual activities needs to be available for viewer choice. This would represent the ultimate in artificial experience.
A user of a "virtual reality" device will typically don a head-mounted display which provides images of a virtual space that are matched to the sensed position and orientation of the head of the user as the user moves his head in space and time (e.g., the x, y, z position of the head and/or the roll, pitch, yaw attitude of the head). For example, a Fakespace BOOM3C is a Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor that provides visual displays and tracking integrated with a counterbalanced articulated arm for full six-degree of freedom motion (x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw) and provided by Fakespace, Inc., 241 Polaris Ave., Mountain View Calif. 94043. Another example would be a wireless magnetic motion capture system such as the STAR*TRAK of Polhemus Incorporated of 1 Hercules Drive PO Box 560 Colchester Vt. 05446. It provides six-degree-of-freedom (position and orientation) data from up to 32 sensors capturing data at up to 120 Hz.
The images for such devices are created by a computer program with the assistance of pre-stored image information that is retrieved according to the user's head movements and presented to the user's eyes. The user's head may be coupled to the display. The aim is to present panoramic images covering a wide field of view in order to immerse the user in an artificial reality with which he can interact, as if real. The degree of artificiality need not be total and can instead constitute an "augmented reality" with some artificial objects or symbols superimposed or interposed within the real world as viewed with a see-through, head-mounted or head-coupled display.
These advances take advantage of converging technological developments in telecommunications including broadband services, projection optics for head mounted and head-coupled displays (including virtual retinal displays), the ever-increasing computational power of image processing computers, specialized sensors such as gloves designed to sense hand and finger movements, exoskeletons, and the like. They can be expected to lead to exciting interactive games and other new forms of interactive experiences within virtual worlds.
This new paradigm represents a very great improvement over the present imaging technology. It joins immersion to interactivity to increase the level of experience. It is now being applied to gaming applications and others such as virtual museums, architectural and interior design mockups, facility tours, "aircraft" rides and the like.
The new paradigm would likewise seem to hold the potential for an improvement over the old ways of traditional entertainment such as drama, comedy, documentaries, and the like. By joining immersion and interactivity, the user would be enabled to enter a completely new realm of artificial experience. The user would be given a very high degree of freedom, under his own volition, to navigate in the virtual world and to participate in completely new forms of such entertainment, where the user's own actions influence the sequence of images and audio provided.
Traditional entertainment applications, on the other hand, such as drama, comedy, documentaries, and the like, have not yet been explored by these new technologies. This could be because the traditional applications have usually been presented for passive enjoyment by the viewer. Even though immersion would provide a better experience, interactivity would be contrary to these known traditional entertainment applications, such as storytelling, where people like to relax and be passively led through stories and participate vicariously. Another obstacle would seem to be that the level of complexity of the possible alternative scenarios, depending on the user's actions, would need to be higher in the traditional arts than for the more predictable and mechanistic art of gaming.
For all these various kinds of virtual reality applications, the creation of many possible scenarios for viewer selection creates a massive demand for electronic image storage space and there is also the problem of a disconcerting time lag between the viewer's action and the response of the imaging system. These problems make this emerging technology hard to achieve using presently available hardware. The software task is equally daunting.
An object of the present invention is to provide a new method and means of providing light for forming images for a viewer.
According to the present invention, a method of providing light from a light source at an orientation of the light source to an eye in a head of a viewer for formation of images in the eye, comprises the steps of:
The present invention may be carried out by apparatus, comprising:
The actuator may be a robot configuration selected from the group consisting of Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, and articulated robot configurations.
The images may but need not be created by means of one or more cameras associated with a cameraman, for example, on the head of a cameraman. These are provided, according to the invention, for passive perception by a viewer whose head movements are guided by a motion-controlled head guide that is actuated in such a way as to emulate head movements of the cameraman in synchronism with the images actively sensed by the cameraman. The "cameraman," if there is such, can but need not have one or more cameras mounted on his head and the direction of his head with respect to a selected reference frame is monitored; head monitoring signals are stored in association with individual images picked up by the head-mounted camera or cameras. Such images are provided "live" or are played back to the passive viewer by way of a display fixed on or in the head guide, e.g., by way of a headup display fixed to the head guide. The motion of the head guide is controlled with respect to the individual images by retrieving the previously stored head monitoring signals in synchronization therewith. The head of the passive viewer is urged by the controlled movements of the head guide to execute head movements emulative of the monitored motions of the cameraman at the time of image acquisition.
Simulated active percepts, according to the present invention, permit a viewer to experience percepts passively, as if inside the head of another person. This "other person" is the "one" controlling the acquisition of the percepts experienced by the passive viewer. Even though the images presented to the passive viewer may be panning about and changing perspective at the whim of the "other person," e.g., the cameraman, the passive viewer has those images presented to his eyes while his head is also urged to move in the same direction as that of the cameraman's head so that it is directionally coordinated with the images viewed by the cameraman, as if he were viewing them himself, through his own eyes.
It should be realized that cameras are not needed and the images can be created by means of a computer workstation or even by known animation techniques coupled with computers and/or cinematography. In that case, the head movements can be preplanned rather than sensed.
There can be a large number of passive viewers with their own motion-controlled head guides. These can be embodied in second-hand (passive) experience simulators, e.g., in the form of self-contained booths each with a multi-degree of freedom head guide for connection within. The viewer's head guide may be actuated in any number of degrees of freedom, as a matter of design choice, to exert some minimum degree of mechanical head guidance control with just a few actuators or can provide a full complement of actuators, e.g., providing control in six or even more axes. A booth can be for home or arcade use, for example. Such a viewer enters the booth, sits down and mechanically couples his head to the head guide. E.g., the display may be a panoramic display fixed in the wall of the booth or may be a helmet mounted display, as known in the art. The invention need not be embodied in a booth. It can be desk mounted or mounted in any convenient way.
The images provided to the passive viewer's eyes can be varied in their apparent distances, e.g., by changing the focus of the optics in an eyepiece of the light source. In this way, the accommodation of the eyes of the viewer can be urged to follow the changes in focus at differing depths within the image space.
The invention may be made even more like a re-experience of experiences of another, according to another aspect of the present invention, by effectively controlling eye movements of the passive viewer in such a way as to emulative of eye movements of the other, e.g., the cameraman. This can be done in a nonintrusive way by presenting nonuniform images emulative of the human fovea, e.g., with nonuniform resolution, nonuniform dynamic range, a small colored area in an otherwise wide-field black and white image, nonuniform image informational content, nonuniform image concentration, nonuniform brightness, or some other equivalent nonuniform images to the passive viewer, made so as to draw the viewer's attention to an accentuated area, wherein such area moves about between successive images presented within the field of view of the viewer. In this way, not only the head of the passive viewer has its motions guided but the eye movements are guided as well. So the passive viewer can have his head guided to be directed in one direction while the attention of his eyes is drawn or guided in another direction. In this way, the passive viewer feels even more like he is undergoing experiences of another, e.g., the cameraman. Such images can be created by monitoring one or both eyes of the cameraman and causing the image information gathered by the cameras to be encoded in a nonuniform way such as by having finer scanning in a small area dictated by where the cameraman happens to be looking at a given moment with the rest of the field scanned coarsely.
Furthermore, when coupled with the previously described changing focus for changing the apparent distances of the images, the foveal viewing aspect of the invention can be used to "control" the exact point of fixation to which the passive viewer's visual attention is directed, thereby establishing a sequence of fixations at various points at various depths in the image space with correspondingly differing accommodation and convergence of the viewer's eyes.
Such simulated active percepts may be presented "live" or may be stored and retrieved from storage and later presented for passive perception. A booth can, for example, be provided with a video cassette recorder to playback the image and head guide control information. The stored imagery could even be downloaded or provided "live" from the Internet.
In the case of stored simulated active percepts, according to the teachings hereof, since there is only one set of images to store, the massive memory demand problem of the prior art of "virtual reality" is solved. Similarly, for the "live" case, since the simulated active percept is provided at the same time as it is created, there is no storage requirement at all, i.e., beyond temporary, "on-the-fly" storage needs.
Moreover, by providing simulated active percepts for passive perception, there is no longer any time lag or latency problem as is presently the case for known virtual reality applications. Since the simulated active percepts induce the passive viewer to emulate those physical actions which caused or would have caused the simulated active percepts, the hardware need not be faster or as fast as the viewer. In fact, it may be much slower. Although the viewer is relegated to a passive role, the novelty and richness of the "virtual reality," immersive experience more than compensates in opening a whole new world of opportunity for representing reality.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in light of a detailed description of a best mode embodiment thereof which follows, as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
A head guide 22 is connected to the light source 18 and is responsive to a head guide control signal on a line 24, for mechanically changing the orientation of the light source 18 in correspondence with the changing point of view for guiding the head 16 of the viewer in a correspondingly changing orientation for viewing the images with the eye 14 in the head 16 of the viewer at the changing orientation of the light source 18 and from the changing point of view. "Changing orientation" is used in the same sense as one or more of the pitch, roll, or yaw components of changing attitudes for aircraft or spacecraft. The head guide is thus a light source actuator or mover of the light source in order to be a guider of corresponding movements of the head of the viewer.
A mechanical head coupler 26 for coupling the head 16 of the viewer to the light source 18, or even to the head guide 22 as indicated by a line 26 a may, but need not, be provided as well for assisting in guiding the head of the viewer in changing its orientation in following the changing orientations of the light source. In other words, the function of the head coupler 26 is to provide a way to couple the head or face of the viewer to the display so as to facilitate guidance of the head of the viewer 16 in passively following movements of the light source 18 as controlled by the head guide 22. Such a head coupler 26 can take the form of a hollow casing, a portion being concave to fit about the face of the head of the viewer 16, said portion have two eye openings to be looked through by the viewer's eyes as shown, e.g., by M. L. Heilig in U.S. Pat. No. 2,955,156 or 3,050,870 or as similarly shown, more recently, in a wrap-around viewer by the Nintendo "Virtual Boy" (Part # 32787 Item # NESM128). It could simply be eyecups which the viewer inserts his eyes into and rests his brows, cheeks or eye-orbits against. It could be a head or face "rest" that is rigidly attached to the light source as shown in
With the passive viewer seated or standing before the light source, the head 16 of the viewer is coupled to the light source 18 by the means for coupling 26. The light source provides light 12 to the eye for forming an image in the eye from a particular point of view as controlled by the light control signal on the line 20. As long as the point of view remains the same, the head guide 22 does not change the orientation of the light source and the scene remains the same. However, the light control signal can then gradually or even quickly change the point of view and the head guide will at the same time correspondingly change the orientation of the light source according to the dictates of the head guide control signal. The head of the viewer is thus guided in such a way as to feel the changing orientation of the point of view as if experiencing the change in reality.
For a simple case such as shown for example in
On the other hand, the head guide 22 of
For example, as shown in
There are many possible alternatives for creating the light control signal on the line 20 and the head guide control signal on the line 24 of
As mentioned above, it should be realized that there are alternative ways to create the light control signal on the line 20 as well as the mover control signal on the line 24.
The signal storage medium 76 is responsive to the head guide control signal on the line 24 c and the light control signal on the line 20 a for storing them in timed relation to each other in such a way that they can later be retrieved in the same timed relation and provided on lines 20 d, 20 e as a combined output signal for use by a light source such as shown in
According to the present invention, the helmet 104 in the image space 102 is worn by a passive viewer (not shown), e.g., seated within a stationary arcade-like housing (not shown) with respect to which the helmet 104 is made to move. It is made to execute at least some minimum movement such as one or more attitudinal movements emulative of pitch, roll and yaw movements of the helmet 103 in the object space 100 and worn by a cameraman observer (not shown) who is free to move about while directing his head and gaze in various directions. In other words, translatory movements of the head of the observer with respect to some referent may, but need not be, emulated by the helmet of the viewer. For the detailed embodiment shown below, however, only the attitude of the cameraman's head is emulated in the image space. Translations are ignored. This makes it possible for the embodiment shown for the viewer's head to remain relatively stationary (not be forced to undergo various translatory accelerations) in the image space in a positional sense. Such can be introduced but are best imparted to the body of the viewer rather than directly to the head. Such requires additional sets of external platforms and associated superstructures depending on the number of axes of control and are shown below in other embodiments. For the case shown where only head attitude is emulated, the viewer can be seated or standing in one position within a stationary structure.
It will be realized, therefore, that the invention can be used in platforms in which the viewer can be controlled in other ways. For instance, the viewer could be seated as shown in
At the same time, a helmet mounted display 106, to be described below, mounted on the helmet 104, provides images to the passive viewer wearing the helmet 104 that are gathered by the cameraman "observer" in the object space 100 wearing the helmet 103 with cameras mounted thereon. The images viewed by the passive viewer in the image space are therefore presented in such a way as to be emulative of images seen by the cameraman as he moves his head, at least attitudinally, in the object space. It should be realized that translational position of the observer's head can be monitored in the object space as well, with respect to a selected referent, and such translations can be emulated by the helmet 104 in the image space by means of the already mentioned additional platforms and associated superstructures (not shown). Or, rather than urging the head of the viewer to translate directly, such positional translations can instead be imparted to a platform supporting the body of the viewer, as shown below in other embodiments. It should be mentioned that the body of the cameraman can be monitored as well or instead of the head, at least for purposes of translation.
The helmet 103 in the object space 100 has at least one camera 108, and preferably a second camera 110 as well, mounted on opposite sides of the helmet 103 for respectively gathering monocular or preferably stereoscopic images of objects in the object space according to the cameraman's head movements. The cameras provide image signals on lines 112, 114 to a signal processor or encoder 116 where they are encoded for transmission to the image space 102 via a signal on a line 118.
Also illustrated mounted on the helmet 103 are helmet attitude sensors 120, 122, 124 such as, but not limited to, accelerometers for monitoring the cameraman's head attitude, respectively, its pitch (P), roll (R) and yaw (Y). Opposite on the helmet to each of the illustrated sensors 120, 122, 124 may be located corresponding sensors 126, 128, 129 (not shown in
In any event, the two sensed pitch signals from the accelerometers 120, 126 of
The sensors need not be accelerometers but could be gyros of the electromechanical type, SAGNAC effect fiber optic gyros, or conceivably even more bulky laser gyros. Other types of attitude sensors based on magnetic sensors, light beam sensors, radio sensors, or the like, are known and are of course useable as well, as will be understood by those of skill in the art.
It should be realized that although
In any event, as shown in
According to
After initialization, a decision step 136 is executed to determine if acceleration (A) has been sensed by the accelerometers 120, 126 of
If a rotation has been sensed, a decision step 140 is executed to determine if the sensed rotation is a pure rotation in the y-z plane about the point 130 or if it is accompanied by a translation of the point 130 in the z direction. It can do this by comparing the absolute magnitudes of the oppositely sensed accelerations of the two sensors 120, 126. If they are equal, then they represent a pure rotation. If not, then there is also a translation present in the positive or negative direction.
In the case where they are not equal, a step 142 may be executed to determine the magnitude of the equal and opposite sensed accelerations that are together indicative of the magnitude of the arc of rotation and its direction. The equal but opposite accelerations will either both indicate a clockwise rotation or a counterclockwise rotation. For instance, if sensor 120 indicates an acceleration in the positive z direction and sensor 126 indicates an acceleration in the negative z direction then the rotation is in the clockwise direction.
If knowledge of translations is desired, the step 142 can be executed to determine the magnitudes of the two oppositely sensed accelerations and then, in a step 144, to determine the part of one of the sensed accelerations that exceeds the other, i.e., to determine the difference (ΔA) between the sensed accelerations. The difference can then be integrated twice to determine the length of the translation and summed with the previous value of XL TN(T), as indicated in a step 146, to indicate the current z position. Such knowledge may be needed for instance in all three orthogonal planes, not just the y-z plane, where it is desired to keep track of the three dimensional translatory position of the head of the cameraman. Such is not used in the present application but it could be used in other applications.
In a step 148, executed subsequent to either the translation update step 146 or the decision step 140, the sensed acceleration (A) (i.e., the acceleration that is equal in terms of absolute value in both sensors) is twice integrated to determine the length of arc of rotation of the movement of the cameraman's head about the point 130. The doubly integrated acceleration is summed in a step 150 with the previous value of the pitch rotation value RTN(R). Since the radius (r) from the point 130 to each of the accelerometers is known and since the arc of rotation is known from the foregoing, the angle of rotation in the y-z plane can be determined. I.e., if the radius (r) of a circle is known, the length of an arc (a=RTN(R)) on the circumference can be used to measure the corresponding angle (P) at the center. Consequently, the pitch angle (P) can be determined in degrees as shown in a step 152 according to the relation 2πr/RTN(R)=360/P. At this point, as described in more detail below, calculation of the necessary movement of the platform 153 of
The step 136 is then re-executed to determine if additional accelerations have been sensed. Once again, if no additional accelerations have been sensed then the step 136 is executed again ad infinitum until an acceleration is sensed. At that time, the decision step 138 is executed to determine if there has been a rotation.
If it is important to determine translations in the y-z plane, a step 158 may be executed after the step 138 to determine the magnitude and direction of the acceleration (A) from the sensors 120, 126. The step 160 is next executed in order to twice integrate the sensed acceleration (A). This determines a pure translation which is added in a step 162 to the previous value of the translation variable XLTN(T). A return is then made to the step 136 to determine if additional accelerations have been sensed. Once again, if no additional accelerations have been sensed then the step 136 is executed again ad infinitum until an acceleration is sensed. At that time, the decision step 138 is executed to determine if there has been a rotation.
As mentioned, a similar signal processing method as shown in
The left and right eye monitors 169 a, 169 b of
All of the various sensed signals in the object space 100 may be represented as a generalized group of sensed signals on the bundle of lines 132 (see
It should be realized that the eye attitude signal can instead be used to directly control the attitude of a 3-axis platform mounted e.g. on the helmet (or elsewhere) and having a camera with a nonuniform lens (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,111) mounted thereon which is thereby directed in the same direction as the cameraman's eye. In that case, the optics of the camera effects the desired nonuniform imagery and nonuniform encoding techniques are not needed. Similar 3-axis camera mounts could be used for the cameras of
Head attitude data stored previously in the step 190 is next retrieved as indicated in a step 200. The head attitude data is then encoded with at least part of the selected video block as indicated in a step 202. A decision step 204 then determines if the encoding is done. If not, the steps 200, 202 are repeated until it is determined in the step 204 that the block is encoded. If a variable focal length device such as a device 205 of
It should be understood that numerous alternative encoding techniques could be carried out as well including analog techniques using dedicated analog circuitry. Anyone of skill in the art could devise a signal encoding technique for transmitting both the video and control information required in the image space based on the teachings hereof. For instance, the video image may be encoded in the conventional analog manner with odd and even raster fields which are interlaced to form a single frame. In that case, several of the horizontal video lines at the top or bottom of a field can be used for encoding the changing pitch, roll and yaw control information. For a given horizontal line used for a control purpose, a selected fixed voltage level between "white" and "black" levels will indicate the delta x, delta y or yaw rotation described in
A signal processor or decoder 220 in the image space 102 of
The decoder 220 may also provide a variable magnification control signal on a line 236 to the variable magnification device control 205 which in turn provides a variable magnification device control signal on a line 238 to a variable magnification device 239 (see
The plate 234 may, but need not, be fixedly mounted on a structure (not shown) that, e.g., has fixed structural parts 164 that are indicative of structurally stable parts of a mount for the plate 234 such as an arcade-like booth within which a viewer may be standing or seated for placing the helmet 104 on the viewer's head for guiding or inducing head movements of the viewer for passive viewing of images gathered in the object space by the cameraman in the helmet 103. In other words, the seated or standing passive viewer wearing the helmet 104 in the image space 102 is induced or guided to at least emulate pitch, roll and yaw head movements corresponding to the corresponding monitored head movements of the cameraman in the object space, in response to the encoded attitude information in the signal on the line 118, while at the same time watching corresponding images gathered by the cameras 108, 110 also encoded on the line 118 and decoded in the image space for passive viewing.
The image space 102 of
The third actuator 232 b turns a gear 288 that turns another gear 290 that has a universal-joint such as shown in
It will be realized that the illustration of
It should be realized that the number of axes of control need not be as extensive or could even by more extensive than that shown, since many simplifications or elaborations are quite possible. It was already indicated above that it was not desired, for the preferred embodiment, to control position (translations) per se. It was preferred to leave the control of head positioning to the viewer himself given that his head's pitch, roll and yaw axes were being so fully constrained. This freedom is granted to the viewer by making the rod 296 freely slidable within the U-joint. Position was therefore divorced from attitude in the preferred embodiment and only attitude was positively controlled. In this way, the viewer could have the freedom to move his head along the axis of the rod 296. It should be realized, however, that it would be possible to more positively control position, at least to some degree, i.e., with respect to the fixed referent, such as the arcade booth, by simply adding another actuator to the device of
With this in mind, an example will now be given of how to use the sensed head attitude signals from the image space to cause the actuators 232 a, 232 b, 232 c to actuate the helmet, using the exemplary actuator of
In any event, it may be assumed for purposes of approximation for the illustrated embodiment that the head origin 314 is positionally immobile and that, as a result, x1, y1, z1 are constant and that the only variables are the sensed pitch, roll, and yaw parameters, as indicated in
If it is desired to move the viewer's head so as to be guided to assume a particular pitch and roll attitude, such as dictated by the signals on the line 230 of
Corresponding to the method of
The third degree of freedom, i.e., the yaw axis may be controlled directly by means of the actuator 232 b of
Upon induced movement by the apparatus of
Similarly, it will of course be realized that the known principles of transformation of coordinate systems may be employed to transform and translate the sensed signals in the object space of
It should also be understood that the attitude control signals on the line 230 of
As mentioned above, in connection with
As described above, the viewer can be drawn even more deeply into the experience of the cameraman (or a computer generated version thereof) by having his visual axes induced or guided to emulate those of the cameraman. This is not necessary but represents an enhancement of the invention. This is done by monitoring the visual axes of one or more eyes of the cameraman in order to determine the direction of his gaze. That information is then used to produce each image in such a way that it has nonuniform informational content over its expanse. In other words, a portion of each image will have more or less information content concentrated or highlighted therein, in order to draw the attention of the viewer thereto. The particular portion of each successive image that has this extra level of informational content or highlighting will be changed between successive images such that it moves about within the field of view of the viewer according to the direction of the cameraman's gaze within his field of view and the passive viewer's eyes will naturally move about in emulation thereof. This sort of a passive viewing of an image nonuniformity, e.g., of a high concentration portion of the image is disclosed in detail in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/001,736, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,653.
As also mentioned,
The nature of the nonuniform images can be selected according to the demands of a given application and need not be of any particular type. They may be of the type shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,111 by a nonlinear lens or as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,725 or 4,405,943 or 4,513,317 (see
For example,
The images may be provided with uniform resolution. In the particular instance illustrated, however, for the acquired image 322, the cameraman's visual axis is not directed straight ahead but off to the left as monitored, e.g., by the oculometer 166 of
It should be mentioned that if a variable magnification device such as the device 239 of
The cameraman next moves his head up and to the left, i.e., executes a clockwise movement (pitch) in the y-z plane and a counterclockwise (viewed from above) movement (yaw) in the y-x plane of
The cameraman next moves his head up and to the right, i.e., executes a clockwise movement (pitch) in the y-z plane and a clockwise movement (yaw) in the y-x plane and acquires the image 326. the cameraman's visual axis in this case is still directed to the right but slightly above to a small area 334 of higher image informational content. The display apparatus in the image space of
Finally, the cameraman next moves his head further up and to the right, i.e., executes a clockwise movement (pitch) in the y-z plane and a clockwise movement (yaw) in the y-x plane and acquires the image 328. The cameraman's visual axis in this case is still directed to the right but slightly down to a small area 336 of higher image informational content. The display apparatus in the image space of
Although no roll movements (in the x-z plane) have been illustrated (as a tilt) in
As already indicated in connection with
As shown in copending application Ser. No. 08/462,503, based on U.S. Ser. No. 08/1,736, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,653, a stereopair may be partially overlapped as described at page 57, line 6 through page 63, line 20 and as shown in
For example, as shown in
For thus viewing stereo images by two eyes, the light control signal contains information for providing light for viewing stereo images having a portion with high informational content and a portion with low informational content and wherein the portion with high informational content changes position within the images for foveal viewing by the two eyes by following the position changes. If it is desired to include one or a pair of variable accommodation devices, such can be used to change the accommodation of the two eyes either together or independently. Moveover, the light control signal can contain information for providing the light for viewing stereo images having a portion with high informational content and a portion with low informational content and wherein the portion with high informational content changes position within the images for foveal viewing by the two eyes by following the position changes at correspondingly changing convergence, i.e., at correspondingly changing visual fixation points. In other words, the visual axes of the eyes will intersect at varying points in a three-dimensional image space. The accommodative changes to be induced at each such fixation point can be controlled for each eye independently, or for both eyes to the same degree. Independent treatment is more important at close fixation point distances. This is because the distance from one eye to the point of fixation may be markedly different from that of the other. Such occurs primarily when a close fixation point is markedly off to one side or the other of the viewer's field of view.
It may be the case that eye tracking in the object space is not desired but that an emphasis of the binocular area of overlap is nonetheless wanted. In that case the area of high resolution emphasis can be enlarged, e.g., as shown in
As already suggested above, it may also be useful to provide the image to the viewer at various apparent distances as shown for example in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 08/25,975 at page 6, line 25 through page 32, line 10 by means of a variable magnification device such as shown (but not limited to) in copending application having U.S. Ser. No. 08/1,736 at page 24, line 23 through page 29, line 2 in connection with
For a virtual retinal display, on the other hand, all the objects can be represented at the same time at their various apparent distances by appropriate defections of the scanning light beam, e.g., by actuating lenses and mirrors for providing the light beam from a selected trajectory for each pixel impinging on the retina of the viewer. In that case, according to the present invention, the eyes of the passive viewer can be induced to follow a selected series of visual fixations by "painting" only a small portion of the scene with a fine light beam and the rest a coarse beam. The viewer's eyes will then be induced to turn their foveas in the direction of the fine portion of the scene.
In connection with any of these various types of images, as also suggested above, it may be desired to present the images to the eyes of the viewer at various apparent distances in such a way as to preserve a selected relationship such as, but not necessarily, a normal relationship between accommodation and convergence in the eyes of the viewer. Such is shown, for example, beginning with
The helmet mounted display of the image space of
Similarly, although not disclosed herein, it should be realized that an audio component of the video signal on the line 226 may be provided as well by placing microphones in the object space such as positioned in strategic locations on the cameraman's head. Similarly, speakers may be provided in the image space and located in analogous positions about the head of the viewer for receiving decoded audio signals from the decoder. I.e., the speakers may be placed strategically about the helmet for reproducing sound as if from three dimensions as heard by the cameraman. Such is shown in detail in (copending application Ser. No. 08/1,736) U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,653 at col. 29 (page 52), line 4 (18 through col. (page 57), line (5) in connection with
Although most of the embodiments shown thus far show the user in a standing or otherwise semi-erect position in a chair, it should be realized that the invention is applicable to a more relaxed position for the user. For instance,
It should be realized that although the moveable headrest is shown supported by a support 402 which may also support the body of the user, the body of the user need not be supported by the support 402 but may be supported in some other way. In other words, the moveable headrest may equivalently be supported by a support that is different from the support provided for supporting the body of the user. For instance, the headrest might be wall-mounted and the user support positioned nearby to allow the head of the supported user to rest on the headrest in the same way as shown above while the user may lean against or stand next to the wall.
For another instance,
In yet another instance,
To enable cushions 432, 434 to be positioned so that they best fit the particular user's head 406 d, pivoting assemblies 438 connect the support cushions 432, 434 to structural members 440, 442, respectively. The pivoting assemblies 438 are composed off a ball and socket type joint which allows pivoting of cushions 432, 434. This pivoting action allows cushions 432, 434 to be tilted and oriented such that they best firmly contact the head of the particular user supported as shown e.g. in
The Helman headrest assembly provides support and balancing to the user's head not only when it is stationary, but also through limited degrees of motion. To accomplish this, the supporting cushions 432, 434 must be able to move with the rotation of the head. The mechanism to accomplish this function is found in the design of mounting assembly 436 which guides the motion of the cushions 432, 434. Mounting assembly 436 comprises a plurality of four forwardly extending arms 452, 454, 456, 458 which together comprise a linkage assembly. The movement of these forwardly extending arms with respect to one another allows the user to have freedom to rotate his head to a limited degree. The method of functioning of the forwardly extending arms 452, 454, 456 and 458 is explained in more detail in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,791,735 of Helman which is hereby incorporated by reference. Suffice it to say that connectors 460, 462, 464 separate the various forwardly extending arms 452, 454, 456, 458 and enable these arms to pivotally rotate freely about the points through which the respective connector passes.
As mentioned above, the user is equipped with a display 408 d, according to the present invention, which provides images from a changing direction-of-view in correspondence with a changing direction-of-view of the head 6 d of the user. The user's head is supported and/or guided from the rear and the user can consequently assume a relaxed posture. The display need not be of the goggle type shown in
Depending on the design, the display can be used actively only, passively only, or in a dual mode version either actively or passively.
Referring back to the variable magnification device 239 of
On the other hand, the granularity of real objects is unlimited as far as the human eye is concerned. Considering the eye itself, with increased focus, more detailed granularity of objects is always revealed. Moreover, with technological aids to the eye, e.g., the magnifying glass, the optical microscope, the electron microscope, and other tools, smaller details are always revealed.
Referring back to the cameras 108, 110 of
Referring now to
It will also be realized from the foregoing that the control signal on the line 526 changes the projected first light rays 522 by means of the optic 524 according to changes detected in the cameraman's eye 436 of
If the eye 436 of
If the eye 436 of
Referring back to
If the cameraman's eye 436 changes to a long view of the scene 432, as explained above, the image 554 fills the screen 528 because of the control signal on the line 526 causing the optic 524 to expand the extent to which the screen 28 is filled by imagery. At the same time, the signal on the line 564 causes the optic 560 to expand the field of view provided for the eye 512, e.g., by reducing its magnification or increasing its focal length. The eye 512 changes its accommodation accordingly. In other words, when the control signal on the line 526 causes the optic 524 to increase the extent to which the screen 24 is filled by imagery, as in
Similarly, although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a best mode embodiment thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, omissions and deletions in the form and detail of the foregoing may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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