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From Arctic Inuit to Pacific Islanders, indigenous peoples from 80 countries are meeting at a summit in Anchorage, Alaska (pdf), this week to forge a common position on climate change. They want an official voice alongside national governments in upcoming negotiations to agree a successor to the Kyoto protocol.
The meeting is emphasising indigenous peoples' histories of adapting to change. But beneath it is the fear that they will be trampled by rich countries trying to cut greenhouse emissions by managing indigenous lands.
"Indigenous peoples have contributed least to the global problems of climate change, but will almost certainly bear the greatest brunt of its impact," says Patricia Cochran, chair of the summit and head of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference. Arctic peoples are hurting as sea ice changes and permafrost melts. The Yup'ik village of Newtok, Alaska, is now moving to higher ground to escape storm surges unleashed by disappearing sea ice and another 26 villages in Alaska are similarly threatened.
On the margins
A report last year (pdf) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature found that indigenous peoples are concentrated in the marginal lands likely to suffer most from climate change. Pastoralists such as Africa's Samburu already suffer from drought, and islanders face dispossession by rising seas.
But Sam Johnston of the United Nations University, which is helping to organise the Anchorage meeting, says indigenous peoples are also threatened because they are impoverished and have little political power or entitlement to their lands. Many feel their interests are not served by their national governments.
Culture shock
This makes some post-Kyoto plans to pay for cuts in greenhouse emissions worrying. Forest dwellers such as the Dayak tribe of Borneo or the pygmies of Cameroon fear they will be dispossessed by forest developers rushing to grab carbon credits by cutting and replanting trees.
Other indigenous peoples are already being displaced as foreign companies grab "unoccupied" indigenous lands to plant biofuels or "carbon offset" trees to compensate for fossil fuel use elsewhere.
"We're having the hardest time we've faced in 500 years," says Dennis Martinez, an ecologist and O'odham (Pima) Indian at the meeting. He says indigenous peoples living off natural resources could be highly resilient to climate change – but not if their cultures are destroyed as the rest of the world tries to respond.
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A statewide research group is developing a way to forecast harmful algae blooms to help mitigate the negative economic impact that beach closures have on Oregon's coastal communities.
Astoria fishery is transforming the anchovy from bait to foodie treat
Whiting fishers have volunteered to tie up their boats until July 20 due to intermingling with overfished canary rockfish.
A sewer system that has been in the works since 1999 finally opened in the Miles Crossing Sanitary Sewer District, near Astoria.

subset: commoncrawl


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So I've been spending time with this lovely young lady and she tells me that when it rains, she actually rides her bike with an umbrella. Naturally the thought of that makes me laugh not only from a safety/comfort standpoint but also because I can't help but conjure this image in my mind:
I was telling her about that photo but keep forgetting to send it to her. It's raining today and she mentioned carrying the umbrella again. I of course went on the hunt again when I accidentally found this handy dandy little device called the Drybike:
Granted I wouldn't be caught dead using one of these (or wearing a puffy jacket) outside of Holland but they're kind of amazing! Just think, this could be you and your lady friend:
That would be a some sight now wouldn't it?! The only thing you'd be missing is the matching plaids and a bunch of your guys friends laughing at you behind your back..


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TiVo update brings new Netflix, YouTube apps, parental controls
More than just your Instant Queue and an ugly interface, the new apps allow you to search and discover content.
TiVo's been on a roll with keeping its promises lately (though I probably just jinxed it by saying that). First, it updated large sections of the HD interface in January, and then it actually started rolling out Comcast Xfinity On Demand support , and now comes a software update with shiny new apps for Netflix and YouTube.
Well, new to TiVo users anyway; they're very similar to the apps you'll find on other streaming-media devices.
Each one takes several seconds to launch and connect. However, they're no worse than the previous versions, and you get much more functionality and an HD interface, like the one for Hulu Plus.
There's no news on updated Amazon Instant Video or the addition of Prime Instant Video. (Blockbuster yanked its app last month.)
Also in the software update is the completion of another section of the HD interface: parental controls. These can now be turned on without sacrificing the rest of the HD interface. (No new KidZone, though.)
Lastly, that rollout of Xfinity On Demand support I mentioned up top, it wrapped up for San Francisco Bay Area users and is now headed to Boston.


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A Sunday DTM drive with Jenson Button
Jason Barlow straps himself in to talk German racers and the F1 season so far with the other 'JB'
Posted: 23 May 2012
'And that's the clutch,' Merc DTM driver and McLaren test pilot Gary Paffett says semi-seriously, as he gives Jenson the breeziest of whistle-stop tours round what is, let's not forget, a very senior racing car indeed. This one just happens to have a passenger seat. With me in it. 'And watch the tyres. They're cold.'


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Linking Logs :: 2011-04-23
Apr 24th, 2011 by Scott Hebert
Everyday, I send interesting links to people via e-mail, instant message, or Twitter. There's no reason to confine these links just to people I know.
Below you'll find the interesting tidbits for 2011-01-10 through 2011-04-23:
- The curious case of the number 3435 — Republic of Mathematics blog
- Presentation: Bootstrapping to Seven Figures by BigCommerce Co-Founder Mitchell Harper
- 13 Business Books That Will Blow Your Mind | Fast Company
- Social Poster – Automatic Social Submitter: digg.com reddit.com netscape.com propeller.com Del.icio.us Stumbleupon.com etc.
Curiously, I bookmarked this without using Social Poster…
- Myst Online: Uru Live – Home


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Latina Pornstar Sophia Layne
We are doing a special on latina pornstars this wekk. If you ever make it out my way, look up this cute girl by the name of Sophia Layne. Just don't let those glasses and innocent smile fool you because this chiquita is definitely not innocent! She wanted to do some modeling and I said sure, but apparently she had something for Sophia Layne!
As you can tell this is some pretty hot shit right her. We loved shooting this hot little slut.
Tags: baldpussy bigcock blowjob brunettehair fucking interracial latina latinbooty latingirl nicetits phatlatinbooty piercedtongue


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The Rome Campus offers the opportunity to obtain hands-on, experiential learning through internships in a mix of settings in Rome, including museums, human rights organization, schools, government, community service, and fashion. Preference may be given to students who have basic or intermediate Italian. Academic credit is granted for an internship seminar about Italian workplace culture. Unless otherwise noted, internships require a minimum weekly commitment of 8 hours, which is generally spread across 2-3 days. Enrollment in the internship program is limited and will be determined after arrival in Rome. The Rome Campus does everything possible to place interested students in internships, however placement is NOT GUARANTEED.
Internships are unpaid and earn academic credit.
Internships will be taken in conjunction with an Internship Seminar (0.5 course credit)
Unless otherwise noted, internships require a minimum weekly commitment of 8 hours
Internship placements are not guaranteed, and may vary according to sponsor availability
Interested students should bring an updated copy of their resume (in English) to Rome
Founded in 1593 and named after S. Luke Evangelist, painter and protector of artists, the Accademia's main objectives include the promotion of the fine arts, the honoring of artists' merits by electing them to its academic body, the enhancement of Italy's great artistic tradition and the conservation of works of art. Its academic body is articulated according to the three categories representative of the "sister"arts: painting, sculpture and architecture.
The intern will be employed in the Accademia's library and archive.
"The Archivio Storico of the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca is the perfect place for anyone who is seriously interested in the study of Art History and someone interested in pursuing and producing archival work. One must be patient, curious, and have a good comprehension in Italian in order to make the most of the experience. It is such a unique opportunity to work freely in one of the oldest art academies in the world, the entire collection and resources of the Accademia are at your fingertips.
I interned in the Archivio Storico of Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, the oldest art academy in Rome and the second oldest in Italy. Initially I was cataloging the Accademia's 18th century drawing collection from the Scuola del Nudo. I re-organized and added to the catalog of the collection. My main project at the Accademia was helping catalog the collection of commemorative medals produced and designed by the Accademia from the 17th through 20th centuries. I oversaw the photographing of the entire collection as well as editing of the photos for publication. I also had the opportunity to visit the restoration laboratory and gallery in which I was able to see restorers at work and discuss the issues of conservation of works in the Accademias collection. Working in the Archivio Storico was and amazing experience, perfect for anyone interested in Art Historical research." (M.D. Spring 2010)
Interns will work at one of the world's great libraries of rare books and manuscripts, the Biblioteca Angelica (Angelica Library). The Library's 200,000 volumes include the Antique Book Collection, an outstanding compendium of works published between the 15th and the 18th centuries. Highlights are rare editions of works by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio. Another portion of the Angelica Library consists of the manuscript and incunabula collections. Of particular note are an edition of Cicero's De Oratore (the first book printed in Italy in 1465) and one of the earliest known copies of Dante's Divine Comedy.
The intern will be involved either with promotional work or the cataloguing of the photographic archive. While the former will mostly focus on the translation into English of the library's promotional material, the latter essentially centers on a more organizational work.
"For this internship, I conducted research on many of the manuscripts and incunabula found in the library. I also translated some descriptions of manuscripts from Italian. I used this information to write updated descriptions in English. I participated in tours of the library as well as presentations. I assisted in an presentation of several manuscripts to American students and spoke about manuscripts that I had been studying. In addition to these things, I was given a tour of the offices, from Promotion and Communications to Conservation. I was able to see first hand how the library is run and participate as much as possible." (A.W. Spring 2011).W. Spring 2011)
The Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei's Library consists of three main sections: the Sezione Corsiniana, donated by prince Tommaso Corsini in 1883, the Sezione Accademica, developed in 1848 through donations by its members, and the Sezione Orientale, instituted by prince Leone Caetani as a foundation specialized in studies related to the Arab-Islamic civilization, with the aim of promoting the scientific knowledge in the Muslim world.
The Academy is one of the most prestigious academic institutions not only of Italy, but in the world.
" The Accademia is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in all of Italy, focusing mainly on Mathematics and the Sciences. Located on Via della Lungara, the library is inside what used to be the Palazzo Corsini and shares its venue with the Galleria Corsiniana. There is a reading hall where visitors can sit and use the many books and periodicals made available by the library. Many of these works date back to before the 10th century, adding to the history and prestige of this institution. As an intern, my job was to assist those who work in the reading hall with helping visitors with any questions they had, as well as watch over the clients and make sure they were handling the books and manuscripts properly while my colleagues left to retrieve requested works. This job required me to speak Italian, as many of my coworkers did not speak English, and neither did any of the visitors that I would have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. I also had another project that my tutor… had assigned me. I photographed the Collana Catalog, which consisted of thousands of handwritten sheets containing the call numbers of a variety of works found in the library. I photographed this catalog in order to have it digitalized and available for browsing on the Internet." (D.Q. Fall 2009)
Spazio Libero is an Onlus Social Cooperative that provides tourist services and organizes events. In recent years the Italian Ministry of International Affairs has granted Spazio Libero the permission to manage two sites of great relevance for their artistic and archeological significance: the Case Romane al Celio and the Cappella del cardinale Bessarione.
CASE ROMANE AL CELIO / ANCIENT ROMAN HOUSES ON THE CAELIAN HILLThis very important archeological site was reopened to the public in 2002 and the Cooperativa Sociale Spazio Libero is entrusted with its management and reception of visitors to whom it provides a guiding service as well. It is situated below the Basilica of Saints Giovanni and Paolo which, according to a tradition, was erected on the site where these two former members of the Costantinian court suffered martyrdom under the emperor Julian the Apostate. The site consists of 20 rooms disposed on various levels showing traces of frescoes dating back to the III-IV centuries A.D. as well as to the medieval period. It is a complex of residential edifices from the imperial time to which belong a characteristic lower class housing, insula, and a domus (single-family home) with a private bathing system. During the III century A.D., these two features came to form one elegant domus inside which originated a place of worship and, afterwards, the christian titulus.
The Cooperativa Sociale Spazio Libero organizes tours of this site that alternate the guiding done by expert archeologists with the declamation by an actor of verses from Latin poets such as Martial, Juvenal and Propertius and the tasting of dishes prepared according to ancient recipes going back to the imperial period.
"A peaceful archeological site with a tranquil environment that is rich in historical significance." My experience at the Roman Houses has been an overall positive one...once I did the guided tour for the other students in the seminar and was given responsibility of translating the panels, I felt like I was making an impact and really doing something positive for Spazio Libero. Working and conversing with the other interns has given me a new perspective of Italian culture and really helped me to improve my language skills. I would recommend this internship for those students that love art, Italian culture and yearn to improve their language abilities." (P.B. Spring 2010)
CAPPELLA DEL CARDINALE BESSARIONE / CARDINAL BESSARIONE CHAPELCardinal Bessarione, a humanist and diplomat, is a very important figure for understanding the history of the Renaissance and humanism. Situated within the Basilica of the S.S. Apostoli, his Chapel is a well known jewel of Italian Renaissance art, mainly because of the beauty of its frescoes, the work of famous artists of the 1400s like Antoniazzo Romano e Melozzo da Forlì.
The intern will have to conduct some library research in order to collect as much material as possible on this chapel. This work will help in preparing the promotional material for this site. He/she will collaborate with the local personnel to welcome the visitors and eventually lead visits of the site in English.
Requirements for both Spazio Libero placements:
Piazza di Spagna, 26, is where the brilliant, young poet, John Keats, died at the age of 25. Today it is a permanent memorial to two of the greatest British poets who ever lived, Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley. It contains one of the finest libraries of Romantic literature in Europe, as well as a superb collection of manuscripts, paintings, sculptures and memorabilia. It is now a place of literary pilgrimage for visitors from all over the world.
The intern is normally asked to work alongside the management and staff on the priorities that they have at any given time. These include the management of events, publications, web site work, archive and conservation work. Interns always work under close supervision by the curator or assistant curator.
" The Keats-Shelley House is a romantic literary museum. It is located directly to the right of the Spanish steps. It has four floors: the first is a basement with stock for the shop, the second is the shop, the third is the museum, and the top floor is the office. The shop is new and is very nice. It is relatively small, but has a lot of quality merchandise. The actual museum is made up of four rooms, with a collection of art, manuscripts, letters, and books. It is very warm and has the feel of a romantic library. The office has two large desks in the main room, a desk in the back room, and a coatroom and restroom. As an intern I did a variety of tasks. My daily activities ranged from taking inventory, stocking the store, taking pictures of the merchandise, updating the accounts, depositing money in the bank, taking pictures of old books, scanning documents, and running various errands." (H.O. Fall2010)
Anna Maria Nardi focuses on a number of activities which range from wedding plans to personal shopping and cheese tours in her property near the outstanding archeological area of Villa Adriana (Hadrian's Villa) at Tivoli.
The intern will have to work mostly on the web and contacting hotels, agencies, shops, tour operators and companies that properly fit the fields of interest in question being willing, at the same time, to take important personal initiatives.
Welcomed by such an appealing and vast "antipasti bar", the customer finds in this restaurant, situated at the top of the San Saba hill, a way to explore "con gusto" the nice array of local Mediterranean dishes enlisting fish garnished pastas, fresh fish entrees as well as some of the more renowned arrangements of good quality meat. For those who crave instead the thinly made Roman Pizza, "Al Callarello" responds with its wood oven baked traditional delicacies. Inside the restaurant as well as outside during the warm season, the ambiance is pleasant and friendly. Definitely a place for " tutti i gusti".Requirements:
"It was a cultural experience unlike any other I had while in Rome." (J. D. Spring 2011)
Ideally located at a short distance from both Piazza Navona and the
Vatican, Trattoria "Da Luigi" is a good expression of the Italian
cuisine, regional and national, performed through an appealing menu
consisting primarily of an ample variety of pasta dishes as well as meat
and fish specialties. Established on a two storey apartment and
enriched by a wide outside area, "Da Luigi" offers a warm and
comfortable ambiance, a very friendly service and a pleasant setting
especially for a dinner in the Summer evening.
Assisting in waiting on tables, observing closely the organization of
the daily activities in the restaurant and participating, whenever
possible, in the ordering and purchasing supplies will be the intern's
main tasks.
Situated on the main boulevard of Rome's traditional district of Trastevere, "Le Fate" is a very pleasant family- run restaurant. Ideally inspired to the fairy-tale world, with its cozy and dimly lit ambiance the customer is soon captivated by the warm and homey atmosphere. Meanwhile, Andrea, the chef and a cooking teacher, is ready to impress his clientele with his menu of traditional cuisine.
The intern will be employed in the preparation of the dishes as well as waiting on tables.
Interns will serve as "experts in English language" at these public elementary and middle schools near Trinity College/Rome Campus. They will make a substantial contribution to the teacher's program by participating in regular classes and by organizing conversation groups that he/she will lead independently. Class preparation is considered part of the time commitment of this internship. Candidates should be responsible, engaging, and creative.
Student Feedback:
"An Internship with One Requirement: A Loud Voice. This semester, I interned at two elementary schools: Scuola IV Novembre, in Testaccio and Scuola Franchetti, in San Saba. Both of these neighborhoods are fifteen-minute walks from the convent. I worked in four different classrooms, with students ranging in age from 8 to 11. I spent the first part of the semester observing the teachers English lessons, and helping as needed. As I became more comfortable, I began to bring in activities and lessons to do with the children. Most of the activities that I planned were relevant to upcoming holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas. I found that this allowed us to use arts and crafts to learn English, at a very basic level. Because I am not fluent in Italian, the teacher and I often ran the classes together. It was very helpful to have clear communication with the teachers, for this reason. I was lucky to enjoy excellent, clear communication with my supervisor, Consuelo Rosato. The other teachers were not as fluent in English, but that only encouraged me to practice my Italian!" (E.C.Fall 2011)
Interns will serve as "experts in English language" at these public elementary and middle schools near Trinity College/Rome Campus. They will make a substantial contribution to the teacher's program by participating in regular classes and by organizing conversation groups that he/she will lead independently. Class preparation is considered part of the time commitment of this internship. Candidates should be responsible, engaging, and creative.
"Scuola Media Mazzini: A Great Internship for an Energetic English Speaker Looking to work with Italian Students and Improve His/Her Italian. The internship at Scuola Media Mazzini (a middle school) is a great option for those interested in learning more about the Italian education system, as well as getting to know a really good group of younger native Italian students. The school was one metro stop away, very close to the Coliseum, which made the commute very pleasant and convenient. I worked with three different English professors, helping assist with five different classes one day a week; the students were 11-14 years old. Some students spoke really good English, others were at a very basic level. My job was to lead oral discussions in English, asking questions and providing vocabulary lists and other model sentences for the students to use to answer them. Usually, I took half of the group of students, worked with them, and then switched groups and worked with the other. If I was planning a longer lesson, I would take two weeks to teach the one topic, working with one group one week and the other group the next. The teachers I worked with at Mazzini spoke English, too, and offered me feedback about how I was doing, which was really helpful. This is also a great internship for someone looking to improve their Italian: going into the internship, I knew barely anything, and by the end of it I was very comfortable working with the Italian-speaking students by myself. I really enjoyed the internship because I loved working with the kids and also loved the fast-paced environment at the middle school, which provided a lot of changes of pace and allowed me to work with different groups of students and different professors." (R.Sz. Spring 2012)
"I worked at both the Mazzini Middle School and Novembre IV Elementary School. Both institutions were public schools within walking distance of campus. Each week I would prepare a lesson on a topic recommended by the teacher. Depending on the teachers choice I would give the lesson to a small group of ten students for the entire hour or work with half of the class for the first thirty minutes and then switch with the teacher. At first, figuring out how to plan my lessons was difficult, but as I became more comfortable and knowledgeable about what works best with each group of students it became easier. The teachers were extremely nice and understanding. They are just as afraid that they will mispronounce a word as you will be during your first few weeks! I had no Italian background and the children try extremely hard to connect with you with their small amount of English. I loved getting to know the students and their excitement to see you each week makes the time and effort worthwhile. It was a very rewarding experience and definitely forced me to grow and become more independent." (C.F.Fall 2011)
"As an English instructor, I taught classes equivalent to the American seventh and eighth grade. I had five classes in a row (from eight in the morning until one in the afternoon) every Thursday. Mazzini middle school is located across from the Colosseum, so it was a very convenient trip from the Trinity College campus. After shadowing for two lessons, I planned with each teacher my course for the rest of the semester. Some teachers wanted me to take half the class in a separate room and teach my own lesson, while other teachers preferred I work as their aid in the same classroom. As I became more comfortable with the school, I preferred to teach my own lessons. I felt that the small group setting allowed the students to become more comfortable with me. In terms of teaching my own lesson, I had quite a bit of freedom. While the teachers would assign a general topic for each week, I had the choice of activity type and specific material. After learning more about the level and interests of the students, I was able to plan lessons more interesting to them. If I had any questions, the teachers made it clear I could always contact them. The biggest challenge with planning lessons stems from the fact that students are not grouped by their level of English; some lessons proved to be challenging for some while extremely easy(boring) for others. Although difficult, it is a task that all teachers at Mazzini have to face. My favorite part of the internship was getting to know the students and experiencing a special part of Italian culture many of my peers were not exposed to." (O.P. Fall 2011)
Interns will serve as "experts in English language" at Rome's oldest Liceo Scientifico, a type of high school enphasizing mostly the scientific learning, situated right in the heart of Rome. They will make a substantial contribution to the teacher's program by participating in regular classes and by organizing conversation groups that he/she will lead independently. Class preparation is considered part of the time commitment of this internship. Candidates should be responsible, engaging, creative and flexible.
"This internship was a worthwhile experience...twice a week I went down to a high school with a beautiful view of the Colosseum to teach 5 classes. I worked with three different teachers, teaching English classes to Italian students. With help and a few suggestions from the teachers I had to create a lesson plan or activity for each week in the class. For the most part I was basically running the class, although the teachers definitely do help out and some a lot more than others. Communication is extremely important for this position you must be outgoing enough to discuss with the teacher what they want from you and equally, what you want from them. Most teachers will not just assume you need help unless you ask them. Constant communication makes this position much easier and more enjoyable! Italian schools are run very differently, so you need to have an open mind about different ways of teaching and education. For instance, each class has students at very different levels of English and it can be hard work preparing a lesson that will be beneficial to all of them, but again the teachers will be full of suggestions if you just ask! It's important not to be intimidated in this position, because the teachers really love having you there to help in the class. For lesson plans some simple and safe suggestions from my experience would be to teach English through teaching something about American culture, like music, cinema, short stories, politics, school etc. The internet is very useful for ideas and even some already set up worksheets and activities." (B.J. Fall 2011)
The Archivio Centrale dello Stato (ACS) preserves and enhances, under a cultural profile, the documents of historical relevance produced by the central state offices, such as the Presidency
of the Council of Ministers, the state department and the consultive and judicial bodies as well. Therefore, the ACS is the Italian equivalent of the great national archives operating in countries with similar historical traditions, like the National Archives in Washington.
"The Archivio Centrale dello Stato (ACS)is the equivalent to the National Archives in Washington. The institute's mission is the conservation of relevant historical documents that are no longer necessary for the Italian government offices, administration, courts, etc. The ACS is the location for research on the history of Italy. Hundreds of thousands of Italian documents are located in the Archivio and accessible for historical research. Users have access to the sala di studio (study hall) and biblioteca (library), as well as meeting halls, exhibition spaces, and a convention room. As an intern at the Archivio, I worked in both the sala studio and the library. I translated several important documents (rules, regulations, service charters) for both rooms. I also assisted the personnel in the library by cataloguing an entire library of books which were donated to the Archivio and checking them against the books in the online database. However, projects could involve assisting researchers, working with microfilm, or other tasks depending on the needs of an intern's particular tutor. Interns should expect to speak only in Italian and should not pursue this internship if they are not conversationally comfortable in Italian and especially if they are not confident in their listening comprehension." (S.P. Fall 2008)
(Attorneys at law)
The Portolano - Colella - Cavallo Studio Legale (Attorneys at Law) was founded in 2001 by the partners Manuela Cavallo, Domenico
Colella and Francesco Portolano. The activity of the Firm focuses
mainly on corporate/M&A and on the Media sector. In recent years,
they have worked on share and asset transactions, venture capital and
private equity investments, company restructurings, corporate governance
and conflicts between shareholders.
In the Media sector, the Firm has worked on
all of the most complex and current topics: supply of multi-platform and
interactive content and "transactional TV", digital terrestrial
television, DVB-H, product placement, TV call games, online and
television games, betting, etc..
The Firm operates mainly in the international
sector: 60% of their clients are not from Italy. They also provide
legal advice to Italian clients in relation to their activities and
investments abroad.
"This fall semester I interned at the law
firm Portolano Colella Cavallo Studio Legale, which was founded in 2001
and is located off of Via del Corso near the Trevi Fountain. The firm
specializes in corporate law, Mergers and Acquisitions, and
Media/Entertainment law. Portolano Colella Cavallo is an international
firm and 60% of their clients are not from Italy. Everyone in the Rome
office speaks both Italian and English and French; Spanish, and German
are also spoken. The office itself is very modern and contemporary
providing a nice physical space to work in. During my three months at
Portolano Colella Cavallo I participated in research, editing, and
article writing. I completed research on various aspects of the media
sectors, especially pertaining to current high-tech and digital media
(such as radio, TV, and internet). I used this research to compare the
different types and practices throughout the world with a special focus
on the United States and Europe. I helped lawyers edit pieces of
writing, articles, newsletters, and surveys in English. I mostly edited
grammar on these pieces and made suggestions on word choice, order, and
content. I also helped with the AIJA (International Associate of Young
Lawyers) monthly newsletter and preparation guide for the upcoming
annual event. I did not get to go to court or participate in any
negotiating meetings. Overall, the experience was rewarding and I
learned information about sectors of law that I did not really know
about. Portolano Colella Cavallo Studio Legale is a progressive,
successful and well-organized law firm." (C.H. Fall 2009)
(Jewish Community's Middle School "Angelo Sacerdoti" - 11-14 years of age)
Interns will serve as "experts in English language" at this public middle school near the Colosseo, one metro stop from the school's. They will make a substantial contribution to the teacher's program by participating in regular classes and by organizing conversation groups that he/she will lead independently. Class preparation is considered part of the time commitment of this internship. Candidates should be responsible, engaging, and creative.


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NEW YORK (AVAFIN) -- During the last trading session, a new 90-day call record for traded contracts was established.
There were 3.1 calls traded for every put contract yielding a 0.32 put/call ratio.
View Options Trading ActivitiesOptions are useful tools for predicting the movement of the underlying stock. Put/Call ratio
statistics serve as a useful predictor of investment sentiment, indicating what experienced
investors are doing in preparation for a move of an underlying stock. Thus, unusual volume
provides reliable clues that the stock is expected to make a move.
Shares of QUALCOMM Incorporated edged up $0.20 (+0.31%) to $65.41. The price of the stock ranged
between a low of $65.08 and $65.62 respectively. The trading volume of 17M is above
the 90 day average volume of 12M shares. The technical momentum Relative Strength Index indicator shows overbought conditions. QCOM is trading above the 50
day moving average. The stock's 52 week low is $45.98 and 52 week high is $65.56. Performance indicators show that the stock has gained 6.58% within the last month.
The stock has a P/E ratio of 24.93 and a dividend yield of 1.32%.


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OgilvyEntertainment Press Review is a collection of the latest client, branded entertainment, and industry news.
Check out TWEED, our blog on the intersection of entertainment and marketing.
Read Making magic, using logic: the Ogilvy Branded Entertainment Assessment ModelTM.
June 17th, 2013
Four Essential Questions to Ask About Your Branded Content AdAge 06.12.13 Branded content and entertainment should be simple: produce a content property inspired by a brand, and delight an audience with its entertainment value or usefulness. It works for brands like Red Bull and Unilever, just as it works for Netflix or ESPN.
Miller 64 Taps Sports Stars for New Web Series 'The Sub' brandchannel 06.11.13 Sports and beer seem to be inextricably linked in American culture. Miller64 is taking advantage of the relationship in a new campaign, Go64, in which it asks consumers to tell the world via Twitter and Facebook just how they are competing (and enjoying their post-game brews) this summer.
Kiehl's Captain America Comic Book Arrives in The Wall Street Journal AdAge 06.07.13 Kiehl's, the skincare and haircare retailer, sent a custom Captain America comic book to Wall Street Journal subscribers in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco on Thursday as part of a content-marketing effort meant to help the company better connect with men.
AOL CEO Says Scalability Is Needed in Native Advertising AdWeek 06.13.13 For all the good native advertising does for brands, a big roadblock the digital ad form faces is its ability to scale, said AOL CEO Tim Armstrong at a breakfast event this morning in New York. "I think it's beneficial, overall, for brands. I think there's a danger, though, that native advertising that's not scaled is not going to solve the issue that publishers have in terms of monetization.
Report: Apple Ads Not Working Very Well Mashable 06.12.13 Videos from Apple were shared 183,609 times over the last 12 months, according to Unruly Media. Comparatively, Samsung videos were shared 2.37 million times over the same period, while Microsoft ones were shared 1.36 million times.
Facebook Seeks Simplicity in Social Advertising brandchannel 06.07.13 Facebook is simplifying its ad buying process in an attempt to demystify the 27 ad choices currently available to advertisers with a simple question: "What is the goal of your ad?" Depending on the answer, Facebook will now suggest which format suits a brand best. "You are going to pick an objective," said Fidji Simo, Facebook's product manager for ads, according to The New York Times, and "based on that, we will show you a range of formats."
Trailer Fatigue: Moviegoers Less Thrilled With In-Theater Previews Variety 06.13.13 American movie auds are substantially less likely to watch trailers in theaters than they were two years ago, while trailer viewing online and on mobile devices has jumped over the same time period, a Nielsen National Research Group study found.
ESPN to Shutter 3D Network by End of Year Mashable 06.12.13 ESPN is shuttering its 3D television network, ESPN 3D, by the end of the year, a spokesperson for ESPN confirmed, citing that 3D TVs simply aren't as popular as they had hoped. "Due to limited viewer adoption of 3D services to the home, ESPN is discontinuing ESPN 3D," an ESPN spokesperson wrote in an e-mail to Mashable, adding that ESPN "will be ready to provide the service to fans if or when 3D does take off."
The Rise of Social TV: How Social Media Is Amplifying TV Advertising Business Insider 06.09.13 Research has shown that TV-watching and social media usage isn't mutually exclusive. Consumers appear to love using social media while they watch TV. Many discuss what they're watching, and these conversations continue long after air-time, with TV-linked chatter accounting for a significant percentage of overall social media activity.
SundaySky's SmartVideo Transforms Consumer Data into Digestible Videos brandchannel 06.12.13 Founded in 2007, SundaySky has delivered over 100 million "SmartVideos"—personalized, real-time videos that help major brands like AT&T, Lenovo and Office Depot engage with their customers. Playing on the growing "screen culture," SundaySky can produce an informative, direct-to-consumer video in seconds thanks to data, like product pricing or personal account details being pushed to the platform.
Hands On With iOS 7: It's Just the Beginning Mashable 06.12.13 When Tim Cook unveiled iOS 7 at WWDC this week, he called it "the biggest change to iOS since the original iPhone." He's right. iOS 7 isn't just a visual overhaul of Apple's venerable mobile operating system; it's a near-total rethink of many of the core paradigms that have come to make iOS, well, iOS.
IBM Builds Millimeter-Wave Transceiver for Mobile Comms, Radar Imaging E Week 06.09.13 No strangers to major scientific breakthroughs, IBM researchers have againpushed the technologic envelope – this time inventing a new semiconductor solution that brings together four integrated circuits (ICs) and 64 antennas in a single package for mobile and transportation systems. IBM officials said Big Blue scientists – in an effort partially funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) — have achieved a milestone in creating a phased-array transceiver that contains all of the millimeter-wave components necessary for both high data-rate communications and advanced-resolution radar imaging applications.
New report calls for 'extended leadership' on sustainability Green Biz 06.13.13 Each year, the Worldwatch Institute publishes its flagship State of the World report. The 2013 edition is organized around whether sustainability is still an attainable goal. In the opening chapter, Worldwatch President Robert Englemen asks starkly, "In the wake of failed international environmental and climate summits, when national governments take no actions commensurate with the risk of catastrophic environmental change, are there ways humanity might still alter current behaviors to make them sustainable? Is sustainability still possible?"
Unilever, Choithram launch 'Water Savers' drive Trade Arabia 06.11.13 Unilever, a leading FMCG company, in partnership with Choithram, a UAE-based retailer, has launched a campaign to promote water conservation and waste management. The 10-day campaign provides consumers with water conservation tips and recycling tools that will help them in taking small sustainable actions that collectively add to a bigger difference.
General Mills and Unilever Fight Food Waste to Fight Climate Change Triple Pundit 06.10.13 Another reason for the business community to get serious about food waste: climate change. According to the latest available figures, food waste accounts for up to 40 percent of the U.S. food supply, which worked out to about 133 billion pounds in 2010 alone. That makes food waste the single largest category of waste in this country, much of it going to landfills where it decomposes and releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas.


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Macklemore and Ryan Lewis: Grammys performance 'was magic'Add to Favorites | The Ellen DeGeneres Show
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, one of the biggest hip-hop acts today, stop by "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" Tuesday (Jan. 28), where they talk about their emotional Grammys performance where 33 couples, both straight and gay, were wed on stage.
"It was so emotional," DeGeneres tells the duo. "I was crying, Portia [de Rossi] was crying and you could see Keith Urban, a lot of people in the audience were crying. Were you emotional?".
"I definitely did," Macklemore replies. "I got emotional during rehearsal and I got emotional during the performance. During the third verse when I started rapping, and that's when the procession of couples started coming in ... and everyone stood up at that point and you know, it just gives me goosebumps thinking about it now. To watch the Staples Center kind of erupt and stand up and participate in that ceremony, it was magic."
Below, the guys talk about their relationships. Macklemore is recently engaged, and he talks about how his fiancee has been by his side through all the tough times of trying to make it in the music business.
"My fiancee was with me when we were printing up 20 shirts at a time to sell it at a show with 15 people there. She's been with us every step of the way," says Macklemore. "She produces the music videos, she's our tour manager. She's been there from the beginning, so last night was especially. ... when we won best new artist, she kind of just broke down into tears and I was like all right, we're definitely being watched by like 30 million people right now."
Photo/Video credit: Michael Rozman/Warner Bros.


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Quick response to USLAW's alert by 452 people helped to free the four young journalists who had been detained by Iraqi security forces following a demonstration by workers demanding respect for labor rights, reliable electricity, clean water, sanitation and jobs for the unemployed.
Read this message from the General Federation of Iraqi Workers
Thank you to all those who responded.
If you value the role that USLAW plays in organizing actions like this one, please make a contribution to support this work. USLAW depends on contributions by people who understand the importance of labor solidarity to carry on this struggle. It's important! It's powerful!
It saves lives!!!
Yours in solidarity,Michael Eisenscher National Coordinator
Support USLAW's Important Work with a DONATION!
Your contribution keeps labor's antiwar movement going and growing, DONATE HERE


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Remember, if all you want to do is use part of the original post, all you have to do is go into the post and delete the part you don't want to use. Adding the QUOTE stuff is if you want to reply to individual parts of the post one at a time, that is, quote part of it, then reply, then quote another part of it, then reply to that.
Atrophy: what you get when you win atournament.
Figures that the simple minded sound bitten far righties here would focus on one minor issue regarding a fricking restaraunt. I figured the bigger picture would be too much for you to see. You guys are way too young to engage in a serious debate about the Civil Rights Act. Or, defending this cowardly idiot (runs away from MTP) who supports BP...the gov't subsidized BP.
He whines about the Obama admin being a meanie to BP and says he's tired of the blame game. Hello? I guess when he blames someone it's cool.
He's a blithering idiot who typifies the teabag movement. All hat and no cattle. He should stick with eye exams.
What is the issue, you have provided nothing of substance to the discussion. If you want to elevate the debate intellectually in your eyes then please do so.
I'd say it's about time for Obama and the rest of the gubmint to step in and help out BP. I don't think standing on the sideline saying "It's your fault BP, figure it out", is a good move for the D's. It's turning into a corollary of "You're doing a great job Brownie" moment.
I know Obama is a transcendent leader, so maybe he'll figure it out. I'm sure he will, he's not the type of guy to blame anyone else for problems.
So, all non-English speaking people are "illegal?" How did my grandma pull that one off, being legally born in the U.S. in an all-german community? She didn't learn to speak English until she was 30.
Also, what should we do in cases such as my aunt, who is deaf and can't speak? Ban her from the shop too? How about the guy who asks why they ain't got no steak in this weeK? Ban him too?
UNI Panthers...Because it's just right.
This afternoon I watched a rebroadcast of Friday evening's "Comment on Kentucky" political discussion show on KET (akin to the Iowa Public TV "network" for the Bluegrass State) where the assembled political reporters from various parts of the Commonwealth had different takes on where Rand Paul is right now. For example, the Paducah newspaperman thought folks in his part of the state thought this was all the liberal media going after "their" candidate... while someone from Lexington said, "For being an opthomologist, Paul must have a serious case of glaucoma", saying that the Democrat may actually have a chance in November. (I can't remember the Dem's name, but he's from Louisville, and in the primary he defeated the sitting KY Lt. Governor, who is from Hazard, and had lost to Senator Bunning by a whisker 6 years ago.)
They also discussed some of the dynamics of GOP politics in KY -- that Paul, having defeated the "official" GOP senatorial candidate, Trey Grayson (current KY Sec of State), is NOT beloved by the power people in the KY GOP, esp Mitch McConnell. However, GOP politicians who don't like McConnell (including Sen Bunning, and former Congresswoman Anne Northrup, to name two powerful people) had put their support behind Paul, and show no public signs of pulling that support.
The pundits thought the next few days would be critical as to what Paul's future would be. One suggested that he take a couple weeks off, and refuse interviews.
Also -- the panel said that Paul's views on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 came out about 3 weeks before the election in his meeting with the editorial board of the Louisville Courier-Journal, about as close to a statewide paper as Kentucky has, with considerable clout (though many in the Commonwealth think it's too big-city liberal). Apparently the paper wrote an editorial about Paul's views, but the media didn't widely report the story... until some like Rachel Maddow of MSNBC and Robert Segal of NPR did their post-primary interviews with Paul, and questioned his positions.
The KET pundit panel thought Paul's comments on BP -- and especially coal companies, where he said something to the effect of "accidents happen" RE the recent coal mine disaster in West Virginia that claimed 29 lives -- would not sit well in coal country in Kentucky. Coal is still a major industry in the Commonwealth, employing tens of thousands.
Sorry for the ramble, but thought some of you might find it interesting to see what some political pundits in the Bluegrass are saying about the man who, until his recent public comments, was thought to be a sure bet for being the next senator from Kentucky.


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Final Score: Hawaii 71, North Dakota 66
Honolulu, HI (Sports Network) - Brandon Spearman scored a game-high 19 points, leading four players in double figures, as the Hawaii Warriors held on to defeat North Dakota, 71-66, in non-conference action at the Stan Sheriff Center.
Isaac Fotu accounted for 17 points and eight rebounds in 23 minutes off the bench for the Warriors (4-1), while Christian Standhardinger and Vander Joaquim contributed 11 and 10 points, respectively.
North Dakota (1-3) was paced by Aaron Anderson and Josh Schuler who both dropped in 17 points, followed by Brandon Brekke who chipped in 10 points and seven rebounds off the bench. Jamal Webb shot just 2-of-13 from the floor, but still played a crucial role with nine points, nine rebounds and six assists.
Hawaii scored the first points of the outing and never looked back, shooting 51.5 percent from the floor in the first half in order to post a 42-27 advantage at the break.
In the second half the Warriors cooled to only 37.9 percent from the field, allowing North Dakota to close the gap considerably, before the hosts secured the five-point win.
Despite being beaten on the glass, 39-36, Hawaii still worked hard in the paint by outscoring UND close to the rim, 30-14.


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Pronunciation: ꑌꑿꀻꎆ
Added on: 2012-12-28 Listened: 4 timesin: Blessing language
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2008 Annual Report
The biofilm polysaccharides produced by the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides were studied. It was found that the polysaccharides produced in biofilms differ from those produced in planktonic cultures. Results have potential impact for research to control biofilm contamination in agricultural processing industries and for utilization in applications of enzymes for polysaccharide production.
Using fructose, raffinose, and gentiobiose as acceptors and sucrose as a donor, oligosaccharides were synthesized by alternansucrase. They proved to be promising prebiotics when tested in vitro. Chemical structures of the products were analyzed. Whereas some followed the same structural patterns as those derived from maltose, others appear to be different. Some were prepared in large amounts and submitted to Agricultural Research Service (ARS) partner labs for testing in animal feed. These results will be useful for production of valuable oligosaccharides for use in food supplements and feed additives.
Under a Trust Fund agreement with a private-sector partner, galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) with potential prebiotic activity have been purified from a wood molasses produced as an industrial waste material. The GGMOs have been purified and structurally characterized, and component oligosaccharides separated from coproduct arabinoxylans. The GGMOs were fractionated and tested for prebiotic activity and improved bifidobacterial growth at the University of Illinois.
In collaboration with the University California, Davis, we have sequenced the genome of Bifidobacterium infantis, a human infant gut bacterium. We have demonstrated that B. infantis uses the Bifido shunt to metabolize complex sugars to acetate. This finding on the metabolism of oligosaccharides by the infant strain of Bifidobacterium may provide insights for the design of potential new prebiotics.
New mass spectrometric techniques were developed for the analysis of most complex carbohydrate products. Methods were developed to evaluate the number of hydroxyl groups on polyols. "Locked ring" sugar C-glycosides have been developed to immobilize prebiotic oligosaccharide products for binding/separation of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
In collaboration with the Southern Regional Research Laboratory, polysaccharides were isolated from hard-to-boil massecuites obtained from Louisiana sugar mills. Results show that there are multiple polysaccharides, some arising from sugar cane itself and some from icrobial contaminants. This study may help sugar farmers and refiners avoid these costly problems in the future.
Our work in the area of nutritive oligosaccharides was recognized in fiscal year 08 with an ARS Technology Transfer Award for Superior Effort and with a Federal Laboratory Consortium Technology Transfer Award. This progress directly addresses NP 306, Component 2.
5.Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations
Review Publications
Holt, S.M., Teresi, J., Cote, G.L. 2008. Influence of alternansucrase-derived oligosaccharides and other carbohydrates on alpha-gelactosidase and alpha-glucosidase activity in Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 46(1):73-79.
Cote, G.L., Sheng, S., Dunlap, C.A. 2008. Alternansucrase acceptor products. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 26(1-2):161-168.
Leathers, T.D., Cote, G.L. 2008. Biofilm formation by exopolysaccharide mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 78(6):1025-1031.
Adeuya, A., Price, N.P. 2007. Rapid characterization of polyalcohols by silylation and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 21:3977-3981.
Whitehead, T.R., Price, N.P., Drake, H.L., Cotta, M.A. 2008. Catabolic pathway for the production of skatole and indoleacetic acid by the acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and swine manure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74(6):1950-1953.
Price, N.P., Tsvetanova, B. 2007. Biosynthesis of the Tunicamycins: a review. Journal of Antibiotics. 60(8):485-491.
Biely, P., Leathers, T.D., Cziszarova, M., Vrsanska, M., Cotta, M.A. 2008. Endo-beta-1,4-xylanase inhibitors in leaves and roots of germinated maize. Journal of Cereal Science. 48(1):27-32.
Price, N.P. 2008. Permethylation linkage analysis techniques for residual carbohydrates. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 148(1-3):271-276.


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Writer's Night w/ Lucas (of The Dukes Are Dead)
Tonight's Host: Lucas of The Dukes Are Dead
This is our take on an open mic night but with two twists:
1) all performances need to be ORIGINAL.
2) we give away CASH each night to performers. Sign up for your chance to win $40.
Sign up begins around 8:30, performances start around 9, performances end at 12:30AM sharp.
*Why only original works? We believe it helps grow our city's culture. It encourages people to reveal something about themselves. It takes brains, hard work and balls. It makes people better.


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Online Affinity Marketing Programs – Go it Alone or with an Affiliate Marketing Network Partner?
As someone who lives and breathes Marketing Partnerships for a living, I am often asked about the pros and cons of developing an Online Affinity Marketing Program with the support of an established Affiliate Marketing Network or going it Alone? Both strategies are effective...yet what really matters is what you readily have available to leverage to effectively run the program!
What do I mean? Well, put it this way...If you have an established audience to market the Affinity Partner offers to and can effectively negotiate compelling offers from those Partners to make them exclusively available to your customers then it's likely a good way to go. Why? Because leveraging an established Network like Linkshare or Commission Junction or NextJump will certainly lighten your work load in terms of Partner Acquisition, but forget about having any unique offers for your customers. You will end up with the same, run of the mill, readily available offers that are available to anyone who is part of their network. It certainly reduces those unwanted time consuming tasks like acquiring Partners and managing Partner Relationships, yet at the end of they day, you will not be providing your customers or audience with a true unique value proposition. Only one that is available anywhere else on the net unless you have a form of currency of your own as a business and can effectively integrate it such as 'points' for a loyalty program.
Having said that...here are the Top 10 questions to answer before deciding how to proceed with your Online Affinity Marketing Program:
1. Where will my traffic (audience, customers, users) come from and how do I plan on getting them to engage with my program?
2. How will I acquire Affinity Marketing Partner relationships and manage them?
3. What kinds of offers do I want to offer my audience, customers, users? Have I done any research?
4. Do I have the time to focus on building and engaging an audience and acquire and manage new partner relationships?
5. Do I want my program to have unique or exclusive offers and do I think that I have the assets to leverage to negotiate such arrangements? Am I being realistic?
6. Where will I host the program?
7. If I work with an Affiliate Marketing Network partner, can I afford the fees?
Comments are welcome. What has your experience been with Online Affinity or Affiliate Marketing Programs?
Ron Kunitzky, an expert in strategic business affiliations and partnerships is the founder of Geyser Marketing Group, and has successfully brokered partnership marketing programs for companies as varied as Coastal Contacts, Dell Computer, NASDAQ, and 1-800-GOT-JUNK?
One Response to "Online Affinity Marketing Programs – Go it Alone or with an Affiliate Marketing Network Partner?"
The Plug-in Profit Site is an example of an affiliate marketing network program that combines various affiliate merchants all on one website. This allows you to create multiple streams of income targeting the work at home or home based business niche.


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Articles tagged distant star
2 May 2007 // 11:00 PM
- //Columns
Roberto Bolaño's Los Detectives Salvajes, like so many good works, traverses time, language, cultures, and survives a bit battered, but little worse for the wear.READ more
//Mixed media
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Eszter Balint 'Airless Midnight' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.
// Announcements
"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


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Cable Cars
- Type: Sightseeing
- Time to Spend: 1 to 2 hours
|Overall Rating:
|About these ratings
Chances are you've seen a television show, postcard or some type of San Francisco memorabilia emblazoned with the city's iconic cable car or trolley. So of course, to get the full experience of the San Francisco's charm, you'll have to hop on board. San Fran's cable car system is the last of its kind in the United States, and is considered one of the most popular tourist attractions in the entire city.
The trolleys are certainly not the speediest mode of transportation, but recent travelers recommend hopping aboard anyway. "We stood on the side of the car holding on, and it was so much fun! The hills make it like a little rollercoaster." said one TripAdvisor user.
You can catch the cable cars from a few spots around town, including the famous Powell-Hyde Line at Powell and Market streets, which passes the twisty Lombard Street and the equally popular Russian Hill neighborhood. Relative to other forms of transportation, the cable cars are a bit expensive at $6 a ride, so travelers suggest buying a one-day pass for $15 (also good for other modes of transportation) and riding all around the city. Visitors can also purchase three-day and seven-day passes, which allow riding on streetcars, buses and cable cars; costing $23 and $29, respectively. For more information on routes and stops, visit the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency's website.
Nearby Things To Do
Union Square<0.5 miles away
SoMa (South of Market Street)0.5 miles away
Ferry Building Marketplace1.1 miles away
Nearby Hotels
Hotel Palomar San Francisco, A Kimpton Hotel<0.5 miles away
Hotel Zetta San Francisco<0.5 miles away
Parc 55 San Francisco<0.5 miles away


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How to Make Cough Medicine with Lemon Juice
This article will teach you how to make a tasty lemon drink without any efforts, in just a few steps!
- Juicy lemon
- Honey (as much as you need)
- Knife
- Cheesecloth/strainer
1Take 2-3 table spoons of honey and put it over the gas to heat it with medium low heat. Be sure you don't boil it.Ad
2Put the whole juicy lemon without peeling or cutting it into the hot water and let it boil for 3-4 minutes.
3Remove and set aside the whole lemon with the help of a spoon. Don't hurt your hands in this process.
4Let it air-cool for some time till it becomes hand-able.
5Cut the same lemon into thin slices. Let them be as thin as possible.
6Add them into the warm honey & mix with a spoon.
7Put the lemon honey mixture to low heat again for an hour, be sure it doesn't boil.
8Strain the mixture with a clean Cheesecloth or a strainer to remove all the seeds and plumps of the lemon.
9Let the mixture cool and place it into a tight-closed bottle, you can store it in a refrigerator for around a month or two.Ad
We could really use your help!
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- For adults, the normal dosage is two spoons when needed.
- For children, half a spoon only will do the trick.
- Eat healthy food and drink plenty of water.
- Children weighing under 50 pounds or under 2 years of age should not be given this mixture as it can be toxic for them.
Article Info
Categories: Cough Remedies
In other languages:
Español: hacer un remedio para la tos con jugo de limón, Português: Fazer Remédio para Tosse com Suco de Limão
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 30,521 times.


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Ever wonder what mystery authors read in their spare time? Colin Cotterill, who lives in Southeast Asia and is the author of the Laos-set mystery Six and a Half Deadly Sins, is here to tell us as we continue our celebration of all things mystery during Private Eye July! Who knew an author whose latest novel features severed fingers would enjoy a well-crafted children's book?
I have to confess, you've caught me at a fortuitous juncture with this request as I only ever find the time or the inclination to read when I'm traveling. My wife and I have spent the past month in the U.S. Lots of airports and sleepless flights and bad coffee. On the 30-hour return home from Seattle, I curled up with a nonfiction title: What the Dog Knows by Cat Warren. It's as far from Dog Whisperer psychology as Freud's Psychopathology of Everyday Life is to a self-help manual. It promised to be a little dense, but it covered two of my favourite topics: dogs and death. In brief, Warren found herself with an unmanageable German shepherd pup, Solo. She asked around for training suggestions and was pointed in the direction of training her dog as a cadaver search canine. Now, I wouldn't recommend the arduous program for your poodle unless you still wonder what happened to Auntie Irene who disappeared about the time Uncle Bert laid the concrete patio, but I'm sure you'll be as fascinated as I was in following Solo on his journey from juvenile delinquent to superstar K9 sleuth.
I tend to cringe a little when people call my books 'charming,' but that's mainly because I kill a lot of people in horrid ways and I don't think that's a particularly charming trait. But the New York Times' assessment of R. P. Harris' middle-grade reader Tua and the Elephant was right on the mark. It is, indeed, charming. I should first disclose that I know R. P. Harris, and he forced me to take his book on the road with me. I reminded him that I was neither 12 years old nor particularly interested in elephants, but, as he said, the book is set in my one-time home of Chiang Mai. It was peppered with clever observations of Thai life, and I do believe I reverted to my early teens after reading it in one sitting. With illustrations by popular artist Taeeun Yoo, it's the type of book you look for when you despair at the sleaze and vulgarity drowning your kids these days.
I'm always chuffed to be in a place I'm reading about. We were in San Francisco when I started The Halls of Power by William C. Gordon. His crime novels are set in the '60s but many of the sites were still recognizable even though the bars, like a lot of local food and drink establishments in the city have been forced to shut down due to the soaring rents. For those of you who want a dose of nostalgia for the San Francisco your parents knew, you couldn't do much better than Gordon. He was a crime lawyer back then so a lot of the cases in the books are ones he was involved in. The Halls of Power looks at the role influential people play in subverting justice, so perhaps not everything's changed.
Thank you, Colin! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
It's Private Eye July at BookPage! All month long, we're celebrating the sinister side of fiction with the year's best mysteries and thrillers. Look for the Private Eye July magnifying glass for a daily dose of murder, espionage and all those creepy neighbors with even creepier secrets.
In Naomi Novik's rich fantasy novel Uprooted, a girl must embark on a dangerous journey into the heart of a dark forest to face an unexpected foe. Our reviewer writes, "With a foothold firmly in the fairy-tale tradition, Novik spins an enthralling story of the classic good-versus-evil variety, where magic, monsters and romance abound." (Read the full review.)
We asked Novik to tell us about three books she's enjoyed reading lately.
This is a fascinating look into the history that doesn't ordinarily get written—the history of the losers rather than the victors, stories of European nations that don't exist anymore and how they disappeared. I also like that Davies isn't afraid to let flavor and humor into his writing: Possibly my favorite example is the immortal quote "His Head Was Not Punched" while describing the press reactions to the succession of an unwilling prince.
The wonderful thing about Maia, the emperor of the title, is that he is genuinely a decent person, and he navigates a sea of court intrigue and deliberate cruelty with enormously satisfying (and growing) competence without losing his warmth and decency. I also love the world-building, which is done so deftly that you don't even quite feel it happening, and yet you're never at sea despite the tangle of complicated relationships.
Strange Horizons recently ran a wonderful essay about Kurtz and her formative influence on the fantasy genre: She was one of the core writers who developed the field after Tolkien's work. I went through the Deryni Chronicles like a tornado as a young reader, maybe 13 or 14, but it's been years since I re-read them, so I've been rediscovering this one with pleasure. Kurtz's Kelson and Addison's Emperor Maia have a similar quality, in fact: We're allowed to like them, to enjoy their victories and mourn their losses without distance.
Thank you, Naomi! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Beth Gwinn)
Primates of Park Avenue, Wednesday Martin's snarkily delicious anthropological portrait of wealthy Manhattan moms, has stirred up a hornets' nest. On one side are the detractors, who question the book's timeline and veracity; on the other side are scores of eager readers who sent the book to the #2 spot on the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list. Then there's MGM, which gleefully bought film rights to the book after a bidding war.
Responding to complaints about factual inaccuracies, Primates of Park Avenue publisher Simon & Schuster promises that the ebook and future editions will contain a statement noting that some details in the book have been changed and timelines altered in order to protect the identities of Manhattan moms.
Martin took time during a very hectic week to tell us about three books on her own reading list.
Jeff Nunokawa's Note Book is perfect for a reader like me—his literary and cult criticism musings on everyday life, George Eliot, soccer hunks, insomnia, his mother and the finer points of Dickens are both enlightening and impressionistic. And physically it is the heaviest book relative to its size I have ever held. In an age of iPhones, I'm a sucker for that.
I attended a conversation with Cokie Roberts and Lesley Stahl at the New York Historical Society where they discussed this book about the role of women in Civil War-era Washington DC. Turns out that—as during World War II—when the men were away, the women ruled. Fascinating, rigorous and, yes, dishy in a way only Cokie Roberts can pull off (the detail about navigating the House in a hoop skirt—genius).
I admire the way Oliver Sacks has always managed to cross genres and make science not only accessible but fun, human and informative. Then I saw how he looks on the cover of the book and was just so gone. It's the story of how an extremely unconventional thinker came to be and a compelling look at the person behind the brain.
Thank you, Wednesday! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Elena Seibert)
Father's Day is this Sunday, so we asked one of the authors featured in our Father's Day feature to suggest three books he loves—and we got a bonus!
In Year of the Dunk, Price takes on the mission of learning how to dunk a basketball, a seemingly straightforward goal that leads to some surprisingly heartfelt moments. Our reviewer writes, "Year of the Dunk, an exploration of what [Asher] calls the 'limits of human talent,' is an informative, inspiring and often moving story of how life's tough challenges can motivate us." (Read the review.)
Despite, or maybe because of, my being a nonfiction writer, one whose professional career is spent dealing with facts, I like reading fiction in my spare time. I recently read a galley of a forthcoming novel by my brother-in-law, Benjamin Markovits, You Don't Have to Live Like This. It's about a group of Yalies who decide to set up a commune in Detroit; things don't go smoothly. As with his other novels, this one is beautifully crafted and a pleasure to occupy—even when things get uncomfortable. It'll be published in the U.S. in early July by HarperCollins.
Most of what I read comes to me as gifts; I figure if it was good enough for a dear friend to recommend it, I'll probably like it. My sister-in-law and her boyfriend gave me A Pale View of the Hills as my birthday gift, and I sped through it. The novel, Kazuo Ishiguro's first, is a story of isolation and dislocation in Japan, probing at intergenerational and husband-wife relationships after the war. One thing I especially like about Ishiguro's work is the peculiarities of his narrators; he so fully commits himself to the narrator's character as the work unfolds.
I read my first Jonathan Lethem novel earlier this year and loved it. Dissident Gardens, largely set in Queens, tells the story of raucous family wrestling with their Communism, Jewishness and American identity over many decades. The book especially resonated with me because my own grandmother lived in Forest Hills in Queens; she was not quite a fellow traveler of the left-wing activists that populate Lethem's novel, but she was quirky and flinty in some similar ways. I'm sometimes defeated by long novels, but in a sign of the grip this one had on me, I happily spun through to the end.
Finally, it's not exactly a book, but my bed-side reading each night is the latest issue of American Short Fiction, which—full disclosure!—is edited by wife. I find the stories, each first-class, are just the right length to settle my mind as I drift off to sleep.
Thank you, Asher! See any books you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Rebecca Markovits)
Dolen Perkins-Valdez, author of the best-selling Wench, returns to 19th-century America with her latest novel, Balm, which follows a group of refugees as they attempt to survive in the wake of the Civil War. Our reviewer writes, "Perkins-Valdez . . . has a genius for placing the reader in the postwar welter of a city and the quieter but no less troubled farms of the South." (Read the review.)
We asked Perkins-Valdez to tell us about three books she's read lately.
Mitchell Jackson's debut has been described as an "autobiographical novel" and as I read it, I cannot help but wonder: "How autobiographical is it?" I want to read everything that ever flows from Jackson's pen. What intrigues me about his work isn't just its subject matter—its gritty look at the lives of a drug-dealing son and his drug-addicted mother—but the unique and confident voice of the author. I do not exaggerate when I say that he takes a dark tale and elevates it to poetry. The lines burst with energy and verve. "Now having an idea is one thing, but the real work is turning a blank screen into words, into sentences, into a few fucking paragraphs." Jackson has done that and more.
I fell in love with Jay Porter in Attica Locke's first book, Black Water Rising. Here was a hero I could sink my teeth into: smart but troubled, idealistic but scarred. Now I am delighted to see Porter is back in Locke's third novel Pleasantville. What I appreciate about Locke's work is her ability to infuse politics into a page-turning thriller. When I pick up a thriller, I still want to read smart fiction, and Locke is as smart as they come. Her second book was about a murder on a historic slave plantation in Louisiana where a cadre of African-American employees hosts tours and events! How genius is that!
Robin Oliveira's first novel My Name is Mary Sutter took me right into my own backyard—the Civil War era in Washington, DC. I was absolutely captivated by this story of a woman whose quest to become a nurse and surgeon is well beyond her time. Oliveira's second novel I Always Loved You moves forward in time a bit to narrate the relationship between Mary Cassatt and Edgar Degas. In 2014 the National Gallery of Art organized an exhibit to examine the relationship between the famous painter and his "pupil." It was a fascinating intellectual exchange, and Oliveira's narrative reminds me of why historical fiction is such an important contribution to the historical record.
Thank you, Dolen! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
You may know David Crabb from the Moth storytelling podcast. His touching, hilarious memoir, Bad Kid, focuses on growing up as an outsider with a penchant for trouble in small-town America. Our reviewer writes, "If Crabb was truly a Bad Kid, at least he grew into a man with the chops to tell the tale, and it's one we're lucky to have." (Read the review.)
We asked Crabb to tell us about three books he's read lately.
Although I like John Waters' films, it's his writing and solo performances that I really connect with. His last book, Role Models, was such an unexpected read for me. I had a complete emotional breakdown on a crowded, Brooklyn-bound L-train reading about his dear imprisoned friend, former Manson family member Leslie Van Houten. The way he uses their relationship to document his own fascination with trash culture, transitioning into genuine care for the real people behind those stories, is masterful and, dare I say, sentimental. I got to ask him about their friendship at a Q&A in New York last year. Throughout his 5-minute answer he looked at me directly, and continued to thoughtfully and thoroughly interact with anyone who asked him a question that night. He's the genuine article and a pretty complex character, traits that his writing communicates in a way that his films aren't as concerned with. I've just started this new book, about hitchhiking cross-country. I've already laughed a lot. I think the tears come later. I'm a huge fan of that kind of emotional contrast. The salty/sweet element is something I really wanted to capture in Bad Kid.
Drew was a student of mine in a storytelling workshop and is now a multiple Moth Slam story winner. He's also one of those rare birds whose voice exists on the page in the same way it does in person. I've always envied that quality in writers like Sedaris, whose writing feels and sounds just like his spoken voice. It was a struggle for me as a performer and character-actor to figure out a not entirely different, but altered voice in my writing. Drew's book of humorous essays reads just like he speaks. It touches on a few things, including his yearly quest to conquer a fear—snakes, skydiving, relationships—it's all here. There's an especially harrowing account of mingling with great white sharks. Alas, Drew self-published only a handful of these for holiday presents as he continues to edit the manuscript. So you'll just have to wait until a smart publisher prints a few thousand.
Jillian has told some fabulous stories at the Moth and other events about her time in a harem during her troubled twenties. (Yes. A real harem belonging to the Sultan of Brunei.) This new memoir is about the process of building her family after that experience. I'm only a few chapters in, but I've already had my heart strings plucked several times. There is a scene in the first chapter in which Jillian is on a date with a man that you hope will become a boyfriend. As the details of her checkered past come tumbling out, Lauren makes you feel her anxiety in a way that is so palpable and relatable. I'm loving that Jillian's writing seems less focused on shame and the judgements of others and more about finding her tribe. I think we all long for those people who are strong, smart and loving enough to accept who we are (or were) without apology. The book hasn't even delved into its focus: her adoption of an Ethiopian child with special needs. So I'm preparing to cry a lot. And I love crying. A lot.
Thank you, David! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Julia Gillard)
In his frequently hilarious memoir The World's Largest Man, Harrison Scott Key recalls his Mississippi childhood, his domineering father and how both shaped him into the man he is today. Our reviewer says, "Both laugh-out-loud funny and observant about the ways we become our parents while asserting ourselves, The World's Largest Man is a wise delight." (Read the review.)
We asked Key to tell us about three books he's enjoyed reading lately.
It's hard to imagine Twain as a debut author, age 34, looking like a young game show host with a black coiffure and a bed skirt attached to his lip. Published in 1869, his first book may also be the first funny, creative nonfiction book ever written, a story about a cruise to Europe and the Holy Land, long before David Foster Wallace made us want to jump overboard with A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again. Twain writes such terrible things about Muslims that if he said them today I'm sure he'd be stoned by every tolerant progressive in North America, although they'd probably feel bad about it once they see how he treats the Church and her relics. Nevertheless, everything we love about Twain is here, especially that tenuous balance between cynicism and a genuine wonder at how beautiful the world can be anyway.
Many of these stories were first published in The New Yorker, including the longest one in the collection, a novella called "Sell Out", which is easily the funniest novella ever written by a human being in the land we know as America. In it, Rich tells a timeless tale about a Jewish immigrant who is preserved for a hundred years in a large vat of pickle juice and then reanimated. I know, I know, you've heard that story before. But Rich has a fresh take. For example, there's a character in the story named Simon Rich, and the pickled immigrant is his great-great-grandfather, and if you think that sounds too silly to be very funny, then maybe you should fall into a vat of something vinegary and see how it feels.
I remember a theologian making reference to this book as being very sad and depressing, a sort of portent of the meaninglessness of postmodernity, and I've already got enough sadness in my life, thank you very much, what with Facebook and bloating. But then I remembered that Heller was the guy who wrote Catch-22, and that book was sort of funny, so maybe the theologian was confused? Turns out, the theologian was right! It is sad and depressing! But it's a very funny kind of sadness, for example, when the narrator says this about his job: "It's a real problem to decide whether it's more boring to do something boring than to pass along everything boring that comes in to somebody else and then have nothing to do at all." I guess theologians are sometimes wrong.
Thank you, Harrison! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Chia Chong)
Best-selling author Lisa Lutz's latest novel, How to Start a Fire, follows the lives of three women who became friends during their college years. Our reviewer writes, "With wit and a gift for capturing the repartee between siblings and old friends, Lutz brings us a memorable and ultimately uplifting saga of three strong, unique women." (Read the review.)
We asked Lutz to tell us about three books she's enjoyed reading lately.
Blood Work: A Tale of Medicine and Murder in the Scientific Revolution by Holly Tucker
I'm interested in medicine in general, but pre-modern medicine especially fascinates me. Blood Work is an absorbing and gruesome account of the history of blood transfusions, with a bizarre cast of characters from the procedure's vanguard. It focuses on the 1600s and the physician Jean Denis, who is framed for murder after a failed transfusion attempt between a calf and a madman. But it's also about the public's perception and the politics of medicine, and it's a great murder mystery. Although I must admit that I had to time my reading very carefully, away from meals.
We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves by Karen Joy Fowler
This was the novel that stuck with me the most from last year. I read it cold, without having any notion of what it was about, and that's how I'd want everyone else to read it. But if you must know something: It's narrated by Rosemary Cooke, the daughter of two psychology professors. She has a brother on the run from the FBI and a sister, Fern. That's all I'll give away. This insanely brilliant, complex and funny novel is about family and much, much more. The writing is just so perfect and alive. I can't recommend it enough.
Girl Waits with Gun by Amy Stewart
I've had Stewart's Wicked Plants on my coffee table for ages, so I was thrilled to get a galley of her first novel, which is apparently the first in a series. It's basically the origin story of the first female deputy sheriffs. In 1914, Constance Kopp and her two sisters go into town one day, and a silk factory owner runs over their buggy. Constance goes to great lengths to get reimbursed for damages, soon igniting a full-on war. With the aid of a local sheriff she learns to defend her property, and the first female "lawman" is born. It's a totally absorbing, often funny tale based on real characters who make you proud that women like them existed back then. I'm looking forward to the next installment.
Thank you, Lisa! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
Patricia Park reimagines the perennial Jane Eyre as a Korean-American young woman in Queens in Re Jane. Our reviewer writes, "Park's portrait of Korean-American life feels authentic and is ultimately endearing. Charlotte Brontë would be proud." (Read the review here.)
We asked Park to tell us about three books she's enjoyed reading lately.
After I turned in the last manuscript pages for Re Jane, I finally turned my eye back to the stack of books on my TBR (To Be Read) list. I read fiction and nonfiction, and I'm thrilled to share my latest reading rotation with you now:
I was woefully late to the Frank McCourt conversation; I finally read it because my dentist told me Frank McCourt was her teacher at Stuyvesant High School. Angela's Ashes touched me on so many personal levels—themes of migration and reverse migration, steeped in the blue-collar world. It reminded me of my father's own immigrant struggles—scrapping and saving to make it to America (or in McCourt's case, making it back to America) with nothing more than a suitcase and a dream. I have never read more delicious descriptions of floury potatoes or milky tea or fried toast (pig heads, maybe not so much). And all told with such humor! I don't come from a family of big readers, but it was the kind of book that immediately made me want to buy it for everyone I loved. I forced my older brother to listen to the audiobook, and as we laughed at McCourt's hilarious retellings of his otherwise miserable childhood, I think the experience brought us (if a little) closer together.
I've read Lahiri's short stories, but hadn't read her first novel until just recently. Then I reread it for a conference presentation I was giving on Show Vs. Tell in literature. Lahiri does an enviously skillful tell—one expository paragraph with details like "ashtrays the size of serving platters" and whiskey and wine bottles stacked on top of the refrigerator will do the work of pages and pages of scenes. I love the way she presented the main character Gogol's attempts to fit in—with both his Bengali and his American identities. I think his struggle is one that many of us "hyphenated-Americans" deal with on a daily basis.
What a wealth of information about the Brontës! With each page turn I found myself learning a new Brontë fact, and it changed the way I (re)read Jane Eyre. Brontë had set out to show that a female lead "as plain and as small as myself" deserved her own novel, at a time when convention dictated that only beautiful female characters got airtime in literature. There was a real-life St. John Rivers—modeled after Brontë's friend Ellen's brother, a rather straight-laced clergyman who saw in Charlotte the makings of a good pastor's wife. But she turned him down with the following quip: "I have no personal repugnance to the idea of a union with you—but I feel convinced that mine is not the sort of disposition calculated to form the happiness of a man like you." There was also a real-life Rochester. While teaching in Brussels, Brontë carried on an emotional affair with the married professor Monsieur Heger, whom she first described as "small, ugly, short-tempered and, above all, Catholic." The Brontës is a 1,000-page whopper, but what a comprehensive and quite readable biography of a prolific family.
Thank you, Patricia! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Allana Taranto)
In The Year My Mother Came Back, Alice Eve Cohen explores the ways in which her deceased mother re-enters her life as she copes with an onslaught of unwelcome difficulties. Our reviewer writes, "This thoughtful memoir shows how our past and present remain constantly intertwined, and how being a mother is a complex journey that's often full of stunning surprises." (Read the full review.)
As we prepare to celebrate our mothers this Sunday, we asked Cohen to tell us about three books she's enjoyed reading lately.
Two years after first reading A Tale for the Time Being by Ruth Ozeki, I still dip into it on a regular basis, savoring the language of favorite passages, or trying yet again to unravel its mysteries. I've had the good fortune to meet Ruth Ozeki on several occasions. We had coffee together a few years ago while I was worrying that the memoir I was writing contained too much fantasy and read like a novel. Her encouragement gave me the courage to continue in that direction. When I read A Tale for the Time Being, I found that it was a novel that read like a memoir. A middle-aged woman named Ruth (like the author), lives on a tiny island in the Pacific Northwest, where she finds a zip-close bag, loaded with stuff, washed up on the beach. Ruth thinks it's detritus from the recent 2011 Tsunami. Inside the bag is a diary of a 16-year-old Japanese girl with a fabulous imagination, sardonic wit and suicidal fantasies. Fictional Ruth becomes entranced with the girl's diary and deeply concerned about its author. The diary writer fantasizes about her imaginary reader. Ruth Ozeki is a writer and a Zen Buddhist priest. Philosophical and spiritual questions are intricately woven into the fabric of the book. Edgy, contemporary storytelling is juxtaposed with ancient, timeless stories. It's a brilliant book.
I recently read The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, because my daughter was studying it in her 10th-grade English class. Though I'd read other powerful novels by Morrison, I found myself overwhelmed by this tragic tale. The first lines of the book fracture the seemingly innocuous patter of Dick and Jane—Remember those very white children from the ubiquitous schoolbooks of the 1940s and '50s? Dick and Jane, fragmented and reassembled, becomes a ghoulish leitmotif when we meet the young black protagonists whose sense of self-worth is warped by the white standards of beauty exemplified by Shirley Temple and Dick and Jane. Reading The Bluest Eye was so heartbreaking that I had to enlist my daughter to talk with me about it every day, surreptitiously reaping the benefits of her high school English teacher's smart questions and comments. While the book is unbearably sad, it provokes new ways of thinking, and the staggering beauty of Toni Morrison's writing is redemptive.
I teach playwriting to undergrads, and I always assign my students Tony Kuschner's Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches. It's one of my very favorite plays, so I reread it each year. It's a great read—even better on the page than on the stage, in my opinion. With each new reading, more layers are revealed. The canvas is huge—NYC at the end of the millennium, ravaged by the AIDS epidemic, Reaganism and homophobia; It covers loss, death, religion, politics, homosexuality, gender ambiguity, spirituality and on and on and on. Kushner is a brilliant writer, his dialogue alternately realistic and otherworldly, comic and tragic, and always deeply musical—his dialogue and split scenes are as rhythmically nuanced as a jazz ensemble. He combines realism with magic and in so doing, he arrives at a greater truth than if he'd stuck to the plain ole real.
Thank you, Alice! See anything you'd like to pick up, readers?
(Author photo by Janet Charles)


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Surgeons in Russia have successfully transplanted a completely synthetic chunk of the larynx. The operation, which has been performed in two patients, is the first step towards creating an entire synthetic voicebox.
The transplanted synthetic part, about 5 centimetres long, consists of a section of the windpipe, or trachea, at the top of which is a version of the cricoid arch and plate – a hollow, collar-like segment that forms the base of the larynx.
"The cricoid is the most simple part of the larynx to transplant," says Paolo Macchiarini of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, and head of the surgical team that performed the operations.
In recent years, Macchiarini, and other groups around the world, have pioneered transplants of veins, tracheas, parts of larynxes and entire larynxes, all of which came from dead donors but were stripped of their native cells and re-coated with the patients' own to avoid rejection.
The latest graft is different, because it involves a synthetic structure rather than a graft from a cadaver. Before implantation, the part was seeded with stem cells from the patient's own bone marrow, so that once transplanted it would grow its own layers of native surface cells. The coating was performed in a special reactor by Harvard Bioscience, a company in Holliston, Massachusetts. "We see this as the beginning of growing synthetic organs," says the company's president, David Green. "It's the stuff of scientific fiction becoming medical reality."
Last year, a man received the first synthetic windpipe, a Y-shaped appendage that was also covered with the patient's own stem cells.
Ambitious graft
The latest graft is the most ambitious synthetic graft. "This is the most complex synthetic part yet transplanted," says Macchiarini, head of the surgical team that performed the operations at the Krasnodar Regional Hospital in Krasnodar, Russia, on 19 and 21 June.
The patients – a 34-year-old woman named Julia T and a 28-year-old man called Aleksander Z – are both recovering well, and epithelial cells are already growing on the surfaces of the grafts.
Both were involved in car accidents that left them with damage and blockages in their voiceboxes and windpipes. The woman couldn't speak at all as a result, and the man could only speak through a voice simulator. After the surgery, both could speak and breathe properly almost immediately. "It was very emotional," says Macchiarini.
Already, he says, he and his colleagues are working on creating a complete larynx, including the parts that produce sound. "This is one of our research priorities, to build a complete larynx," says Macchiarini. "I'm hopeful that in the near future we could produce it. We're working on it and we hope to do the preclinical investigations on it as soon as possible."
Martin Birchall of University College London says his team is working on development of "half-larynxes" for implantation in patients with partial damage. He says the most promising approach is using material from dead donors that could be stripped of its native cells and re-coated with the patient's own.
Although his team is also developing synthetic larynxes, he said it would take some time because of the complexity of the moving parts. "We're at least 10 years away from a full larynx," he said.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians
Canadian Paediatric Society
Health Canada
Congenital rubella syndrome. DynaMed website. Available at:
Updated May 30, 2012. Accessed July 22, 2013.
McLean H, Redd S, et al. Chapter 15: Congenital rubella syndrome.
VPD Surveillance Manual\. 5th ed. 2012. Available at:
Accessed July 22, 2013.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Jessie J's 'The Mortal Instruments' single is 'Magnetic': Listen to the full track
Another song from "The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones" soundtrack was just released, and this time, Jessie J is getting in on the YA action.
The British pop star's new single for the movie adaptation of the bestselling series, "Magnetic," is truly that: magnetic. It's dark and epic, with Jessie J's powerful vocals fitting the tone of the movie perfectly. Listen to the full track here.
Colbie Callait's single, "When the Darkness Comes," was the first song to be released, but her track was much sweeter and lighter than Jessie J's hard-pounding anthem. What do you think of the new track?
Here are the full listings for "The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones" soundtrack:
1. Zedd "Into The Lair"
2. Jessie J "Magnetic"
3. AFI "17 Crimes (LA Riots Remix)"
4. Demi Lovato "Heart By Heart"
5. Youngblood Hawke "Bring Me Home"
6. Colbie Callait "When The Darkness Comes"
7. Seven Lions with Myon & Shane 54 featuring Tove Lo "Strangers"
8. Pacific Air "Bear"
9. He Is We featuring Owl City "All About Us"
10. Bassnectar "Calling From Above"
11. Jetta "Start A Riot"
12. Bryan Ellis "Strange Days"
Check out snippets from the soundtrack below:
"The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones" hits theaters August 21.