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A method of treating a subject under cardiac arrest comprises the steps of: blocking the descending aorta of the subject; then withdrawing blood from the subject; oxygenating the blood withdrawn from the subject; and perfusing the aortic arch of the subject with oxygenated blood in an amount effective to deliver oxygen to the heart of the subject. This method enables the subject to continue to receive oxygenating material (i.e., blood in this instance) without the danger of volume overload that would be present if another oxygenated solution were continuously infused.
1. An apparatus for treating a subject in cardiac arrest, comprising:
means for perfusing the aorta of the subject with a heterologous protective solution;
means for withdrawing autologous blood from the subject;
means for oxygenating the autologous blood;
means for perfusing the aorta of the subject with the oxygenated autologous blood.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for introducing an anticoagulant to the autologous blood.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said anticoagulant-introducing means is configured to introduce anticoagulant to autologous blood as the autologous blood enters said withdrawing means.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for perfusing the autologous blood in a pulsatile rhythm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said means for perfusing with heterologous protective solution comprises a first catheter, and said means for perfusing with said autologous blood comprises said first catheter, said first catheter having an outlet configured for positioning within the aorta of said subject.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising means for oxygenating the heterologous solution prior to the perfusion of the aorta of said subject with said heterologous solution.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said withdrawing means comprises a second catheter, said second catheter extending parallel with and adjacent to said first catheter and having an outlet downstream from said outlet of said first catheter.
8. A method of treating a subject in cardiac arrest, comprising the steps of:
blocking the descending aorta of said subject; then
withdrawing autologous blood from said subject;
oxygenating said autologous blood; then
perfusing the aortic arch of said subject with an oxygenated heterologous protective solution in an amount effective to deliver oxygen to the heart of said subject; and then
perfusing the aortic arch of said subject with oxygenated autologous blood in an amount effective to deliver oxygen to the heart of said subject.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in said step of perfusing with heterologous protective solution, the heterologous protective solution is infused in an amount such that pulmonary oxygenation is generally unaffected.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said withdrawing step is performed after between about 250 and 3000 milliliters of said protective solution has been infused into the aortic arch of said subject.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein said blocking step comprises the steps of:
inserting a balloon catheter into a femoral artery of said subject; then
advancing said balloon catheter within the vasculature of said subject to a position within the descending aorta of said subject.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein said withdrawing step comprises withdrawing blood from a femoral vein of said subject, said femoral vein being adjacent to said femoral artery.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein said step of perfusing said aorta with protective solution comprises infusing the aorta of said subject with protective solution through a first catheter, and wherein said step of perfusing with autologous blood comprises infusing the aorta of said subject with oxygenated blood through said first catheter.
The present invention relates generally to a method of treating patients in cardiac arrest, and more particularly relates to a method of treating cardiac arrest patients through selective aortic arch perfusion.
When a person suffers a cardiac arrest, whether it be inside a hospital or elsewhere, the survival rate is relatively low. See L. Becker et al., Ann. Emerg. Med. 20, 355-361 (1991). One of the reasons for the high mortality rate is that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), one of the primary resuscitation methods, induces little forward blood flow. Although certain drugs, such as epinephrine, can improve vital organ blood flow during CPR, these drugs are administered almost exclusively into a vein; as such, the drug must circulate to and through the heart and lungs before arriving at the peripheral arteries where their primary beneficial pharmacological effects occur. During this low blood state of CPR, the heart and brain receive very limited blood flow blood that may fail to sustain cellular survival.
Invasive techniques such as open-chest cardiac massage (OCCM), direct mechanical ventricular assistance (DMVA), and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can provide better vital organ blood flow. See generally R. Bartlett et al., Ann. Emerg. Med. 13(Part 2), 773-777 (1984); M. Anstadt et al., Resuscitation 21,7-23 (1991); P. Safar et al., Am. J. Emerg. Med. 8, 55-67 (1990). However, adaptation of these techniques for widespread use, particularly in a setting outside a hospital, is unrealistic. In most cases, the response time that would enable significant neurologic recovery would likely expire before these techniques could be employed in a typical emergency.
Selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP) is a technique designed to provide relatively isolated perfusion of the heart and brain in patients suffering cardiac arrest. SAAP is typically performed by inserting a large lumen balloon occlusion catheter, percutaneously or by surgical cutdown, into a femoral artery and then advancing the catheter tip to the descending aortic arch, preferably just distal to the left subclavian artery. With the SAAP catheter balloon inflated to prevent or restrict distal aortic flow, the coronary and cerebral circulations can be relatively selectively perfused with a solution infused via the lumen of the SAAP catheter. The infused solution is typically an oxygenated blood substitute, such as a perfluoro carbon emulsion or polymerized hemoglobin solution, that contains various agents capable of reversing ischemic metabolic processes, restoring peripheral vascular resistance, correcting hemostatic derangements, and limiting reperfusion-induced cellular damage. For example, vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine are beneficial. Perfusion with such a solution can enhance return of spontaneous cardiac function and facilitate neuronal functional recovery. This technique is described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,032 to Manning.
Although research indicates that SAAP shows promise, the technique has certain shortcomings. SAAP is a volume loading procedure and, as such, is volume limiting. When excess volumes of protective solution are infused, as may happen if an initial SAAP infusion is insufficient to resuscitate the patient and is followed by subsequent infusions, pulmonary congestion and edema can result, each of which can have a significant adverse effect on pulmonary oxygenation. The prior art is silent regarding methods of avoiding volume overload during SAAP.
The present invention addresses this shortcoming. The present invention includes as a first aspect a method of treating a subject under cardiac arrest which comprises the steps of: blocking the descending aorta of the subject; then withdrawing autologous blood from the subject; oxygenating the autologous blood withdrawn from the subject; and perfusing the aortic arch of the subject with the oxygenated autologous blood in an amount effective to deliver oxygen to the heart of the subject. This method enables the subject to continue to receive oxygenated material (i.e., blood in this instance) without the danger of volume overload that would be present if another oxygenated solution, such as a blood substitute or heterologous blood, were continuously infused. It is preferred that an anticoagulant be administered to the autologous blood after withdrawal and before oxygenation, and it is also preferred that perfusion with autologous blood follow one or more perfusions with a heterologous protective solution, such as a blood substitute. The autologous blood can be withdrawn from a vein, such as the femoral vein, or from the aorta itself.
As a second aspect, the present invention includes an apparatus for treating a subject in cardiac arrest. The apparatus comprises: means for perfusing the aorta of the subject with a heterologous protective solution; means for withdrawing autologous blood from the subject; means for oxygenating the autologous blood; and means for perfusing the aorta of the subject with the oxygenated autologous blood. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises means for introducing anticoagulant into the autologous blood. It is also preferred that the means for perfusing the aorta with heterologous protective solution and the means for perfusing the aorta with autologous blood comprises a shared catheter having a common outlet.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a balloon catheter inserted through the femoral artery into the aorta in a human subject proximal to the diaphragm but distal to the left subclavian artery, with the balloon inflated to block the descending aorta.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of the heart and balloon catheter of FIG. 1 showing the balloon catheter positioned to block the descending aorta and perfuse the aortic arch.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a triple lumen balloon catheter having a blood withdrawal line configured to withdraw blood from the distal aorta.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a blood withdrawal catheter having an anticoagulant infusion port.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary SAAP system and its catheter extending into the femoral artery of a subject.
FIG. 6 is a graph plotting coronary perfusion pressure as a function of time for a control group of animals that received only epinephrine, an experimental group that received both epinephrine and continuous SAAP, and an experimental group that received epinephrine and pulsed diastolic SAAP.
The present invention will now be described hereinafter in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not, however, limited to the embodiments described herein; rather, these embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in this art to understand fully the invention.
As described above, the present invention is directed to methods and associated apparatus for treating a subject in cardiac arrest. As used herein, the term "cardiac arrest" refers to all types of cardiac arrest, including ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. The subject of such cardiac arrest is preferably mammalian and more preferably human, but can be any animal that can be advantageously treated by oxygenating its brain and coronary vasculature during cardiac arrest.
Blocking of the descending aorta, and infusion into the aortic arch, is preferably carried out with a balloon catheter unit such as that illustrated at 5 in FIG. 1. The balloon catheter unit 5 comprises an elongate catheter tube 6 having a primary lumen 7 through which protective solution may pass, and further comprises a balloon 8 at one end of the elongate tube 6 configured to be inflated to block the descending aorta of a human subject. A secondary tube 9 (or alternatively a secondary lumen formed in the wall of the tube 6 and extending longitudinally therewith) provides a mechanism for inflating the balloon 8 once the balloon 8 is positioned in the desired location within the descending aorta of the subject. A connector such as a Leur Lock™ fitting is provided at the end of the elongate tube 6 opposite the balloon 8 to connect the catheter tube 6 to a supply for the protective solution.
For a human adult, the size of the primary lumen 7 may be from 6 French to 14 French, the length of the catheter tube 6 may be from 50 to 150 centimeters, the inflated dimensions of the balloon 8 may be from 1.5 to 4 centimeters in diameter, the length of the balloon 8 may be from 2 to 10 centimeters, and the distance from the tip of the catheter tube 6 to the balloon 8 distance may be from 1 to 4 centimeters. For a human child, the lumen size may be from 5 French to 10 French, the catheter tube length may be from 20 to 80 cm, the balloon inflated dimensions may be from 0.75 to 2 cm in diameter, the balloon length may be 1.5 to 6 cm, and the catheter-tip to balloon distance may be from 0.5 to 2 cm. When inflated, the balloon 5 should be capable of withstanding a pressure of at least 300 to 500 mmHg to prevent leakage of protective solution down the descending aorta and rupture of the balloon during chest compression.
The catheter tube 6 may be made from a firm but somewhat flexible plastic material, and the balloon 8 from a latex or polyurethane material. The catheter tube 6 may be made from antithrombotic materials, such as having heparin bonding as a characteristic of construction, to inhibit formation of blood clots in the aorta. Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,049,132; 5,049,131; 5,045,061; 5,042,976; 5,041,125; and 5,216,032 for further guidance in the construction of the balloon catheter. It is specifically intended that the disclosures of all patent references cited herein be incorporated herein by reference.
To block the descending aorta of the subject (FIGS. 1 and 2), the balloon catheter unit 5 is inserted into a femoral artery 10 of the subject and advanced within the descending aorta 11 past the renal arteries 12, 13, the superior mesenteric artery 14, the celiac trunk 15, the diaphragm 16, and past various ones of the intercostal arteries 17. The balloon 8 is preferably positioned distal to the carotid arteries 22, 24 and the left subclavian artery 21, but is preferably located at least proximal to the renal arteries 12, 13. The balloon 8 is inflated via the secondary tube 9 to block the descending aorta 11, with the leading end of the elongate tube 6 positioned to perfuse the aortic arch 20. In this position, protective solution pumped or forced through the balloon catheter unit 5 and exiting the balloon 8 will perfuse the left subclavian artery 21, the left common carotid artery 22, the brachiocephalic trunk 23 (and in turn the right carotid artery 24 and the right subclavian artery 25) and the coronary arteries 26, 27. Although it is preferred to block the descending aorta with a balloon catheter as illustrated, those skilled in this art will appreciate that other means for blocking the descending aorta to prevent flow therein can also be used with the present invention.
Withdrawing the subject's blood can be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in this art to be suitable therefor. One technique of withdrawing autologous blood from the subject is to insert a catheter into the femoral vein (or some other large vein, such as the jugular vein or subclavian vein). This technique would allow blood to be continuously withdrawn and infused. Another technique would be to withdraw the blood from the proximal aorta with the balloon of the balloon catheter deflated. An alternative technique would involve withdrawing blood from the distal aorta with the balloon inflated, which may be preferred due to the capability of continuous infusion and withdrawal. A catheter embodiment for such withdrawal is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3. A balloon catheter unit 30 comprises two large lumens: an infusion lumen 31 that terminates beyond the balloon 32; and a blood withdrawal lumen 33 that terminates prior to the balloon 32. A balloon inflation line 34 terminates within the balloon 32. This embodiment enables blood to be withdrawn into the blood withdrawal lumen 33 either when the balloon 32 is deflated or inflated when the inlet 35 of the blood withdrawal lumen 33 is positioned in the distal aorta.
Once blood is withdrawn from the subject, it is preferably mixed with an anticoagulant to keep the blood from coagulating. Exemplary anticoagulants include heparin, acid citrate dextrose, or sodium citrate. Typically, the anticoagulant is simply added via a syringe to a conduit containing the withdrawn blood. Alternatively, anticoagulant can be added within a withdrawing catheter prior to the blood actually exiting the subject. A catheter configured for such use, designated at 36, is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. An anticoagulant infusion line 37 terminates within and near the end of the blood withdrawal lumen 38. This catheter configuration enables anticoagulant to be introduced into the blood as the blood enters the catheter, and thus can reduce the degree of coagulation experienced by that blood. This catheter configuration can be combined with that described above in FIG. 3 to enable blood withdrawn from the distal aorta to receive anticoagulant just as it leaves the bloodstream.
After withdrawal, the blood is then oxygenated. Oxygenation can be performed in any manner known to those skilled in this art to oxygenate blood. For example, blood can be shunted into a tank or reservoir having an oxygen membrane and passed therethrough.
It is preferred that the withdrawn blood be passed through a filter or other device that removes any blood clots or other debris prior to reinfusion, as such debris can adversely affect perfusion.
Once the blood is oxygenated, it can be infused into the aorta of the subject. Typically between about 250 to 3000 milliliters of the blood are infused, with 750 to 2000 milliliters of the blood being a more preferred dosage. Perfusion should be carried out sufficiently rapidly to enhance cardiac electrical activity; preferably, the perfusion duration is less than five minutes, and more preferably is less than one to two minutes. In general, the rate of infusion will be from 5 to 20 mL/kg/minute, and will most preferably be from 10 to 15 mL/kg/minute.
Perfusion of the newly-oxygenated blood can be carried out continuously, or preferably can be carried out in a pulsatile rhythm. Perfusion with a pulsatile rhythm can assist in removing sludged blood cells from the microvasculature of the subject and may have positive effects on resuscitation due to the rheology of blood. In particular, perfusion with a pulsatile rhythm in which the perfusion "pulses" are timed to coincide with the decompression or relaxation phases of CPR (diastolic pulsing) can be especially effective. See co-pending U.S. patent application entitled METHOD OF TREATING CARDIAC ARREST AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING SAME, filed concurrently, for a detailed discussion of pulsatile perfusion.
A vasoconstrictor may be employed in the methods described herein. Exemplary adrenergic vasoconstrictors include epinephrine, norepinephrine, methoxamine, phenylephrine, with epinephrine being preferred; nonadrenergic vasoconstrictors can also be used. Vasoconstrictors may be administered by any suitable means, such as by parenteral injection (e.g., intravenous injection, intraarterial injection, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, tracheobronchial administration), or by including the vasoconstrictor in the protective solution used to perfuse the aortic arch. It is preferred that the administration of the vasoconstrictor be concurrent with (i.e., sufficiently close in time to) perfusion of the aortic arch so that the vasoconstrictor will affect coronary perfusion with the autologous blood. The dosage of the vasoconstrictor will vary depending on the subject and the particular vasoconstrictor chosen, but will generally be between 0.002 and 0.3 mg/kg, will more preferably be between 0.005 and 0.2 mg/kg, and will most preferably be between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg.
Medicaments containing a vasoconstrictor for enhancing coronary perfusion with a protective solution during selective aortic arch perfusion may be prepared by contacting and mixing the vasoconstrictor with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as a sterile pyrogen-free saline solution, in accordance with techniques known in the pharmacy art. The pharmaceutical carrier may be the protective solution itself, such as a perfluorochemical blood-substitute solution as discussed above.
Restoring spontaneous circulation in the subject may be carried out by any suitable means, such as electric shock or precordial thump (i.e., application of an external force), or by enhancing electrical activity through perfusion and other resuscitation techniques so that normal electrical activity re-emerges without application of an external force. An electric shock to heart muscle tissue which will restore spontaneous circulation from a chaotic electrical signal (or "defibrillation") may be administered with any suitable defibrillator, such as the Responder™ 1500 (manufactured by Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, Wis.).
An exemplary SAAP apparatus 40 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 3. The apparatus 40 comprises a storage tank 41 having two upper ports 43, 44, and a lower port 45. A venous blood withdrawal line 46 is attached at one end to upper port 43 and at its other end to a venous blood withdrawal catheter 47 by a fitting 48. The venous blood withdrawal catheter 47 is to be inserted into the femoral vein of a subject. An anticoagulant syringe 49 is also fluidly connected to the fitting 48 via a catheter, connector, or connector tubing 50. An oxygenated blood infusion line 51 is attached at one end to the lower port 45. As the oxygenated blood infusion line 51 extends away from the lower port 45, it meets with and travels adjacent to the venous blood withdrawal line 46. The adjacent sections of the lines 46, 51 are enclosed within a roller pump apparatus 52, which comprises a pair of wheels 53 mounted on a rotary arm 54. Rotation of the arm 54 causes the wheels 53 to contact the lines 46, 51 and thereby deliver blood or a blood substitute to and from the SAAP apparatus 40. At its outlet end, the oxygenated blood infusion line 51 meets the outlet end of an oxygenated blood recirculation line 55 that extends thereto from the upper port 44. An infusion line 56 extends from the junction of the lines 51, 55 to an infusion port 57 that is connected to the inlet end of a balloon catheter (not shown) that is to be inserted in the femoral artery of a subject. A syringe 42 is fluidly interconnected with the infusion line 56. The storage tank 41 also includes an oxygen intake port 58 and an additional syringe port 59. The venous blood withdrawal line 46 also includes an oxygen intake port 60 between the fitting 48 and the roller pump apparatus 52. Three valves 61, 62, 63 are located, respectively, adjacent the fitting 48 on the venous blood withdrawal line 46, on the oxygenated blood recirculation line 55, and on the infusion line 56 between the syringe 42 and the infusion port 57. A fourth valve 67 is located on the oxygen intake port 60. A controller 65 is operably connected with the syringe 42 to control its operation and is also operably connected with a CPR device (indicated schematically at 66). The apparatus 40 may also include a valve (not shown) that can remove any air that enters the system prior to its being introduced into the subject's aorta.
In operation, autologous blood is drawn from the subject into the femoral venous blood withdrawal catheter 47. Anticoagulant, such as heparin, is added to the withdrawn blood through the anticoagulant syringe 49. The venous blood is pumped through the venous blood withdrawal line 46 by the roller pump apparatus 52; as the rotary arm 54 rotates, the wheels 53 provide a positive pressure of the blood that forces it through the line 46. The venous blood enters the storage tank 41 through upper port 43 and flows into the bottom portion of the storage tank 41. Oxygen is continuously introduced into the storage tank through the oxygen intake port 58. After the blood is oxygenated in the storage tank 41, it flows therefrom through the lower port 45 into the oxygenated blood infusion line 51. The blood is propelled by the action of the roller pump unit 52 to the infusion line 56. Flow into the oxygenated blood recirculation line 55 is prevented because the valve 62 is in a closed position. Oxygenated blood can be furnished in a pulsatile rhythm by reciprocating action from the syringe 42. The oxygenated blood flows through the infusion line 56, through the infusion port 57, and into the SAAP catheter for delivery to the aorta.
Similarly, this apparatus 40 can also be used to deliver a blood substitute to the subject. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,032 to Manning for a discussion of blood substitutes. The blood substitute can be introduced into the storage tank 41 through the syringe port 59. The valves 61 and 62 are in their closed positions. The blood substitute follows the same path to the subject as that of oxygenated blood described above.
Further, the apparatus 40 can be used to recirculate, and thereby thermally and hemodynamically prepare a blood substitute for perfusion. For recirculation of blood substitute, valve 63 is in its closed position, and valve 62 is in its open position. This creates a closed loop system that proceeds from the storage tank 41 to the oxygenated blood infusion line 51, the recirculation line 55, and the upper port 44 before returning to the storage tank 41.
Use of the apparatus 40 is exemplified by the following scenario. A physician arrives at the scene of a cardiac arrest patient and secures access to the femoral artery by either percutaneous or surgical means. The blood substitute is oxygenated during the vascular access procedure. The catheter is advanced to the thoracic aorta and epinephrine is administered into the aortic arch. The catheter balloon is inflated and an initial SAAP infusion of the blood substitute (which can contain reperfusion-injury combating agents) is performed. An initial bolus of blood substitute is rapidly infused to close the aortic valve and CPR is halted for the initial infusion lasting 30 to 60 seconds. This would assure that the myocardium was effectively perfused with the blood substitute. During this initial infusion, access to a femoral vein is secured. Aortic arch epinephrine administration can be titrated to maximize CPR-diastolic coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). Two to three minutes after the initiation of the first blood substitute infusion, a second blood substitute infusion is initiated. Pulsed diastolic infusion induced by the syringe 42 using half of the volume initially infused would be used to elevate CPP and diminish the volume effects of a second infusion. The infusion pulses are administered during the decompression and relaxation phases of CPR. During the second blood substitute infusion, femoral blood is withdrawn, anticoagulated via the anticoagulant syringe, oxygenated in the storage tank 41, thermally treated (if necessary), and filtered in preparation for reinfusion. Depending upon the rapidity of femoral venous access and blood withdrawal, either a third blood substitute infusion similar to the second or an autologous blood infusion is initiated. Aortic arch epinephrine titration, other pharmacologic therapies, and repetitive or continuous autologous blood SAAP can be performed until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is attained or the resuscitative efforts are halted. If ROSC is attained, autologous blood withdrawal and reinfusion could be continued (with or without the catheter balloon inflated depending on the clinical situation) serving as partial cardiopulmonary bypass support for the still unstable cardiovascular system in the early post-resuscitation phase. Graded balloon inflation could be used to provide peripheral resistance as needed in the immediate and early post-resuscitation phase.
In view of the considerable out-of-hospital use anticipated with the present invention, it is preferred that the SAAP apparatus be packaged to be easily portable. The apparatus can be packaged in a suitcase, attache case, backpack, or the like, and be easily carried to the patient for use by a physician or paramedic.
The present invention may be beneficial in the management of traumatic and other nontraumatic/surgical causes of cardiac arrest or profound hypovolemia with impending cardiac arrest. In addition to rapid volume replacement, the catheter balloon could serve much like an aortic cross-clamp to significantly reduce or stop exsanguinating hemorrhage from the abdomen, pelvis, or lower extremities until the patient could be transferred to the operating room. Clinical situations where the present invention can be used include: blunt abdominal or multi-system trauma with profound hemorrhage/hypovolemia; penetrating abdominal trauma with profound hemorrhage/hypovolemia; ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with profound hypotension or impending arrest; and major pelvis fractures or disruption. In hemorrhagic/hypovolemic conditions, heterologous human blood, such as from a blood bank, may also be employed.
The invention is disclosed in greater detail in the following non-limiting examples. In the examples, "kg" means kilograms, "mg" means milligrams, "mmHg" means pressure measured in millimeters of mercury, "�C." means degrees Celsius, "Fr" means lumen diameter measured in French, "mL" means milliliters, "mEq" means milliequivalents, "Hz" means Hertz, "cm" means centimeters, "J" means joules, "min" means minutes, "sec" means seconds, and "w/v" means weight per unit volume.
The canine cardiac arrest model described in this section was used for all of the SAAP studies subsequently described. Differences in the protocols between experimental studies are described under the individual study sections.
Mongrel canines from a single provider source were used in all of the SAAP studies. Animals were evaluated by the staff of the Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine for evidence of acute or chronic illness.
Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 25-30 mg/kg IV and maintained with inhalational enflurane at 1.5% using a volume ventilator at an F1 O2 of 0.21. End-tidal CO2 was continuously measured with a sidestream sampling capnometer (Datex) and minute ventilation was adjusted to an end-tidal CO2 of 38-42 mmHg. ECG lead II was monitored. Body temperature was maintained at 37�-38� C. with a warming blanket. Arterial blood gases were obtained to assure normal acid-base status. Ventilatory adjustments were made as needed to adjust the arterial pH to the 7.30-7.40 range. Serial evaluation of reflexes, heart rate and responses to graded pain stimulation were performed to assure adequate anesthesia.
Catheter introducers (8.5 Fr) were placed percutaneously into the right and left external jugular veins. Surgical cutdowns were performed to expose the right and left femoral vessels. Fluoroscopy was used to position all catheters. A Swan-Ganz catheter and a pacing wire were inserted via the external jugular veins into a pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, respectively. Micromanometer-tipped catheters (Millar Instruments) were positioned via the right femoral vessels into the right atrium and mid-aortic arch. A 9 Fr balloon occlusion catheter was inserted into the left femoral artery and advanced to the descending aortic arch. A 9 Fr catheter introducer was placed in the left femoral vein in animals undergoing blood withdrawal for subsequent reinfusion. A low pressure saline-filled balloon catheter was placed in the retrocardiac esophagus with a micromanometer catheter inside the balloon to measure esophageal pressure. Esophageal pressure served as an extravascular indicator of intrathoracic pressure changes during CPR. ECG and all pressures were continuously recorded on a multi-channel analog recorder (Grass Instruments Model 7 Polygraph).
Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion System:
The major components of the SAAP system were: (1) a 9 Fr aortic arch balloon occlusion catheter; (2) a resuscitation solution; (3) an infusion pump; and (4) an oxygenation apparatus. Perfluorooctyl bromide emulsion (perflubron emulsion, Oxygent™, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation, San Diego!) in a 60% weight/volume preparation was the resuscitation solution used in all studies evaluating pulsatile SAAP. Autologous blood was withdrawn and reinfused by the SAAP technique after initial perflubron infusion in the procedure described in Example 3 and as the only SAAP perfusate in the procedure described in Example 2. The infusion pump used was a Sarns low-pressure bypass pumphead. Pulsed infusion during SAAP was created using a 50 ml syringe connected to the infusion tubing between the Sarns pump and the SAAP catheter. The syringe was cyclically filled and emptied manually with approximately 10 ml of infusate withdrawn and then infused under maximal manual pressure at a rate of 60-80 pulsed infusions per minute. During the syringe withdrawal phase, all infusate from the Sarns pump was directed into the 50 ml syringe and, therefore, essentially no infusion through the SAAP catheter occurred during this phase. During the syringe emptying (infusion) phase, perfusate from both the syringe and the pump were permitted to flow out of the SAAP catheter. The total volume infused per infusion pulse was approximately 10 ml.
Perflubron emulsion was oxygenated with 100% oxygen to yield a pO2 in the range of 730-790 mmHg. Sodium bicarbonate 3.0-4.0 mEq was added to each 300 ml volume of 60% w/v perflubron emulsion in order to yield a pH of 7.35-7.45. The pCO2 with this preparation was less than 10 mmHg. Temperature was adjusted to 37� C.
In the two procedures using autologous blood (Examples 2 and 3), femoral venous blood was withdrawn, heparinized, circulated through the oxygenator, maintained at 37� C. and then reinfused via the SAAP catheter at time intervals described in the individual study sections.
The SAAP catheter latex balloon was inflated sufficiently to completely occlude the aorta just prior to SAAP infusion and the Sarns pump was used to infuse the perflubron and/or autologous blood. For all SAAP infusions used in the SAAP studies, an initial 50 ml bolus was rapidly infused in order to competently close the aortic valve. After the initial bolus, an infusion was maintained using the SARNS low-pressure bypass pumphead for a prescribed time interval.
Protocol--Baseline measurements of heart rate, aortic pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, hematocrit, respiratory rate, tidal volume, end-tidal CO2 arterial blood gases, and mixed venous blood gases were obtained before cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation was induced using alternating current (60 Hz) applied to the heart for 3-5 seconds via the right ventricular pacing wire. Ventilatory support simultaneously ceased and the animals remained in ventricular fibrillation and total circulatory arrest for ten minutes. At the ten minute mark, mechanical CPR (Thumper™, Michigan Instruments) was initiated at a rate of 80 compressions of 130 lb per minute with animals in the supine position. Unless otherwise indicated, CPR was accompanied by epinephrine dosages of 0.01 mg/kg given intravenously. Ventilation was performed using 100% O2 and inspiratory force of 25 cm H2 O at a 5:1 compression:ventilation ratio.
Experimental Therapeutic Interventions--Experimental interventions were initiated at 12 minutes after arrest. In all of the SAAP studies, defibrillation (electrical countershock) was attempted at one minute intervals as indicated after the experimental interventions were begun; defibrillation energy was applied at 100 J for the first defibrillation attempt, 150 J for the second, and 200 J for all others. Resuscitative efforts were continued as needed up to the 30 minute mark after initiation of ventricular fibrillation.
SAAP using only autologous blood (AB) was studied to determined if this intervention alone might improve resuscitation outcome. The pulsed CPR-diastolic SAAP infusion method was used for this study.
There were two intervention groups. The animals in the control group (n=5) received standard therapy with the exception that all epinephrine doses of 0.01 mg/kg were given at 3 min intervals via the aortic arch beginning at 12 min of arrest. The animals of the experimental group (n=5) received CPR and aortic arch epinephrine as in the control group. At the 11 min mark, left femoral venous blood withdrawal began. SAAP-PD with autologous blood began at 12 min 15 sec and was continued 45 sec while CPR was in progress. PD-AB-SAAP infusion was repeated at 2 min intervals as needed until ROSC.
The results of this procedure are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________CPR-diastolic CPP (mmHg, mean � S.D.)Group ROSC 11 min 12 min 13 min 14 min 15 min 16 min__________________________________________________________________________Control 1/5 8.8 � 2.4 9.0 � 2.9 19.8 � 9.2 16.0 � 6.3 14.0 � 6.3 11.5 � 5.3PD-AB-SAAP 5/5* 9.6 � 4.4 7.6 � 5.8 45.8 � 11.3# 13.0 � 10.3 38.0 � 13.6# 16.8 � 9.9__________________________________________________________________________ *p < 0.05 vs Control, Fisher's Exact #p < 0.05 vs Control, ANOVA
As indicated by the data, PD-AB-SAAP increased ROSC and CPP significantly compared with standard therapy plus aortic arch epinephrine. As PD-AB-SAAP does not result in progressive volume loading, the procedure can be repeated continuously until ROSC is attained or resuscitative efforts are halted. PD-AB-SAAP may be a useful adjunctive intervention after initial SAAP therapy with a blood substitute perfusate.
This study sought to combine all of the hypothesized beneficial elements of SAAP (aortic arch epinephrine, SAAP with perflubron, and SAAP with autologous blood as needed) and evaluate the effect on ROSC and CPP compared with a control group receiving aortic arch epinephrine. Two experimental groups were used in order to evaluate continuous SAAP infusion with CPR halted versus pulsed diastolic SAAP infusion during continued CPR.
There were three intervention groups. Animals in the control group (n=5) received standard therapy with the exception that all epinephrine doses of 0.01 mg/kg given at 3 min intervals via the aortic arch beginning at 12 min of arrest. Animals in the first experimental group (n=5) received standard therapy and aortic arch epinephrine as in the control group. In addition, they received two SAAP infusions with 300 ml of oxygenated 60% w/v perflubron emulsion beginning at 12 min and 15 min of arrest. If ROSC was not attained, autologous blood was withdrawn and reinfused at 1 min intervals beginning at 18 min of arrest. CPR was halted during SAAP and all SAAP infusions were 50 ml bolus followed by continuous infusion SAAP-C!. Animals in the second experimental group (n=5) received the interventions with the exception that all SAAP infusions were performed as pulsed infusions during CPR-diastole SAAP-PD!.
ROSC and CPP data obtained by these procedures are shown in Tables 2 and 3 and in FIG. 6.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________CPR-diastolic CPP (mmHg, mean � S.D.)GroupROSC 12 min SAAP #1 15 min SAAP #2 18 min SAAP #3__________________________________________________________________________Control1/5 7.0 � 2.4 17.0 � 11.6 12.4 � 9.4 11.2 � 6.4 8.5 � 6.4 7.2 � 5.2SAAP-C5/5* 7.4 � 4.8 41.2 � 10.0# 8.6 � 5.3 39.4 � 9.2# 7.5 � 2.6 42.2 � 11.6#SAAP-PD5/5* 7.2 � 4.8 43.2 � 9.3# 8.4 � 4.8 50.8 � 4.3 5.4 � 4.3 58.0 � 14.1#__________________________________________________________________________ *< 0.05 vs Control, Fisher's Exact #p < 0.05 vs Control, ANOVA
TABLE 3______________________________________ Time from Initiation of CPR to ROSC with aGroup ROSC Systolic Aortic Pressure > mmHg for 1 minute______________________________________SAAP-C 5/5 11.9 � 3.9 minsSAAP-PD 5/5 11.4 � 4.0 mins p = NS, SAAP-PD vs SAAP-C______________________________________
These results indicate that both SAAP-C and SAAP-PD interventions can result in significantly higher rates of ROSC than the control group receiving aortic arch epinephrine. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during the SAAP infusion periods was also much greater in both the SAAP-C group and the SAAP-PD group compared with the control group.
Fluoroscopy during the first SAAP infusion (SAAP#1) showed better perfusion of the coronary arteries with the SAAP infusate in the SAAP-C group than in the SAAP-PD group perflubron is radiopaque due to the bromide it contains!. This suggests that stopping CPR during SAAP infusion may allow for a greater proportion of the SAAP perfusate to be directed to the myocardium.
CPP tended to be greater with SAAP-PD than SAAP-C in the second and third SAAP infusions (SAAP#2 and SAAP#3) which may be predominantly or at least partially related to achieving an adequate (or optimal) peripheral arterial vasoconstrictor response. Restoring peripheral arterial resistance has clearly been shown to improve the blood flow generated by closed-chest CPR. In the setting of SAAP-PD, an adequate vasoconstrictor response may increase the volume per minute of perfusion generated by the CPR sufficiently to result in a higher CPP (and overall greater liter/min perfusion) when combined with SAAP-PD than would be seen with SAAP-C alone without CPR.
Right atrial pressure (RAP) increases during the first two SAAP infusions (SAAP#1 and SAAP#2, perflubron) were similar for the SAAP-C and SAAP-PD groups. These RAP increases (a result of the intravascular volume loading during SAAP) were responsible for the progressive decreases in CPP which occurred during the SAAP#1 and SAAP#2 infusion periods. RAP increases during the third SAAP infusion (SAAP#3, autologous blood) were also similar for the SAAP-C and SAAP-PD groups. However, the magnitude of the RAP increases was less during SAAP#3 compared with SAAP#1 and SAAP#2. This was anticipated due to the venous blood withdrawal occurring both prior to and during the SAAP#3 infusion. The femoral venous blood withdrawal reduced the RAP prior to SAAP#3 and limited the RAP increase during SAAP#3.
The foregoing examples are illustrative of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting thereof. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.
Patent Citations
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M.A.S.H. Game
Who will you marry?
What color will your wedding be?
Where will you live?
The answers await as you play this simple yet addictive game. MASH (Mash, Apartment, Shack, House) is an old time favorite that is sure to please.
Available on Andriod 1.6 devices and older. Download now from the Andriod Market or from your phone by searching the market for 'MASH Game'.


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Sometimes you don't need to show much to turn people on. For me, it's the lips and the tongue (and kissing and the licking) that send me into hyperdrive. Hyperrealistic painter Hubert de Lartigue seems to agree. His series of large scale lips paintings are amazing—and so erotic. So much that some will think they are NSFW.
Hubert de Lartigue is a French painter based in Paris. You can follow his work in his website and his blog. If you're in New York, you can see his work live here.
This is part of a series in which we are featuring interesting paintings. If you are a painter with high quality work, please drop me a line here.
SPLOID is a new blog about awesome stuff. Join us on Facebook
Source: Gizmodo http://ift.tt/1n8xgON


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Our online process saves time and allows you to pre-register at your convenience.
Our concierge can help reduce demands and stresses during your hospital stay.
For your convenience you can pay your hospital bills online and manage your account.
Take a virtual tour and experience CRH in an exciting new way.
Join a progressive, quality-focused medical staff in a favorable malpractice state.
Bones are tough and resilient, but if you push them hard enough—if you fall on a hard surface, for instance—they can crack or break. Common sense and certain safety precautions, however, can head off a trip to the emergency room.
The CDC and other experts offer these safety tips to help prevent broken bones:
Wear the right gear when exercising or playing a sport.
Make sure your home is safe from hazards that can cause falls.
Wear a seat belt when driving and make sure children are secured in safety seats or booster seats, depending on their age.
Build up strong bones with good nutrition and exercise. Strong bones are less prone to fractures.
Stay in good physical shape because exercise increases muscle strength and reflex speed.
Keep your weight in a healthy range.
These basic precautions can help prevent many of the common bone breaks that show up in hospital emergency rooms every day: wrists and ankles in young or middle-aged people, hips and wrists in older adults.
Sharpening your protective responses, such as reflexes or postural changes, may help stop or break a fall. For instance, when you put your hands out to break a fall, you land on the heel of your hand. The hands absorb the flat impact and the wrist bends as it absorbs the force, resulting in a fracture. And although this may result in a wrist fracture, it is much better than a potentially life-threatening hip fracture--especially in the elderly.
Many falls take place in the home. This is especially true for elderly adults, as balance problems, poor eyesight, and brittle bones combine with household hazards to cause bone-breaking falls.
You can reduce the trip-and-fall factor by removing frayed rugs and removing extension cords that could cause a fall. Handrails help steady older adults and children on stairs. Proper lighting lets you see objects on the floor and avoid tripping over them.
Strengthening bones is especially important for preteen and teen girls because women who don't get adequate calcium and vitamin D as teens may be at increased risk for developing osteoporosis later in life. You can work throughout your life to avoid osteoporosis, which makes bones brittle, through adequate calcium intake, exercise, and eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and vitamin D.
Calcium requirements change during one's lifetime. The body's demand for calcium is greater during childhood and adolescence when the skeleton is growing rapidly, and during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Postmenopausal women and older men also need to consume more calcium. According to the National Institutes of Health Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases and National Resource Center, children 9 to 18 years old need 1,300 mg of calcium each day. People 31 to 50 years old need 1,000 mg per day. Adult males, ages 51 to 70, need 1,000 mg a day, while adult females, ages 51 to 70, need 1,200 mg a day. Both males and females, ages 70 and older, should have a 1,200 mg intake of calcium each day. Pregnant or lactating females, ages 14 to 18, should have 1,300 mg of calcium per day, while pregnant and lactating women, ages 19 to 50, should make certain they have 1,000 mg per day.
Your body uses vitamin D to absorb calcium. Being out in the sun for a total of 20 minutes every day helps most people's bodies make enough vitamin D. You can also get vitamin D from eggs, fatty fish, and vitamin D-fortified cereal and milk. If you think you need to take a supplement, check with your health care provider.
Doctors still use X-rays to diagnose most broken bones, although more high-tech imaging devices may be used to detect subtle breaks, such as stress fractures. A stress fracture is a tiny fissure in bone often caused by sports overuse.
Most broken bones in an arm, leg, hand, or foot require a cast or splint. Heavy, awkward plaster casts have given way to brightly colored fiberglass casts. These are lighter, easier to apply and remove, and more appealing to children.
In general, fracture repair is directly related to age. So the older you are, the longer it will take to heal.
The type of fracture also dictates recovery speed. A simple fracture heals quicker than a complicated break requiring bone grafts. Research on genetically produced growth-promoting proteins is promising. Such proteins may decrease extensive surgical fracture repairs.


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Los Angeles, CA (SportsNetwork.com) - The San Diego Padres optioned pitcher Jesse Hahn to Triple-A El Paso on Saturday.
Hahn, 24, compiled a 2.21 earned run average with a 5-2 record over seven starts this season, his first in the majors.
The right-hander was called up on June 3 from Double-A San Antonio, where he went 2-1 with a 2.11 ERA across 11 games (eight starts) with the Missions.
San Diego also recalled infielder Jace Peterson from El Paso. Peterson hit for a .100 batting average over 23 games earlier this season.


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Lewis, Murray, and Waylett Hit the Big Apple
Nov 19, 2005
Posted by SueTLCUncategorized
As we told you previously, Harry Potter film actors Jamie Waylett (Crabbe), Devon Murray (Seamus), and Matt Lewis (Neville) were appearing this weekend at the Big Apple Con in New York City. We now have some pictures for you of this event which you can see below. A lot more coverage of the weekend to come.
Jamie Waylett
There are also some photos of the event here from Film Magic.


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Why did you become an entrepreneur?
I had good roots of love and encouragement. When I got crazy ideas, my dad would say, "You can do that!" Even when I was 11, I had a nursery school in my backyard, and I'd charge 25 cents for three hours. At the end of the summer, I'd saved $60. Entrepreneurs always believe there's a better way to do things.
Did you ever doubt yourself?
I wasn't intimidated by what I didn't know. In some ways, it was better that I wasn't an expert, because I would ask questions that helped the team to say, Why not? I never know where a stupid question will lead.
Do you have very high standards?
Extremely. I don't want us to just pass an inspection. I want us to get the highest marks. The industry rejects standard is about 4 percent, but ours is 2 percent. We give everyone a $50 bill to reward that high standard.
Are you an impatient person?
Either that or antsy. My nickname is Aunt C (antsy)! When I was a little girl and they'd say dinner's ready, I'd run around the house ten times first! I've been high energy all my life.
What is most important to being successful?
Integrity. Doing what you say.
What was your darkest moment?
When McDonald's gave me a chance to be an owner-operator and put me in a restaurant in Little Rock, Arkansas, to learn the business. I would get up at 3 a.m., drive 78 miles, work eight hours, drive home, work at my real estate business, pick up the kids, put them to bed, and study. I was always exhausted, and some days it all felt hopeless. And yet somehow I kept going. Survival is a good motivator!
You don't give up easily, do you?
Instead of complaining when problems come up, I take that negative energy and put it toward getting to the next level.
Do you bake?
I love to cook, but I'm not a very good baker! I take our frozen dough home and bake that. But if I had to do it from scratch, my guests would be in trouble.


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1 tablespoon olive oil
4 cloves garlic, chopped
1 can (28 ounces) whole peeled tomatoes, in puree
2 canned chipotle chilies in adobo, finely chopped, plus 1 tablespoon adobo sauce (from same can)
Coarse salt
1 rotisserie chicken, shredded
2 tablespoons lightly packed cilantro leaves, chopped, plus 4 sprigs for garnish
4 cups (about 3 ounces) tortilla chips
Sour cream
Shredded emmentaler or cheddar
Combine oil and garlic in a large (3-to-4-quart) saucepan. Cook over medium heat, stirring. Add tomatoes with their puree (breaking tomatoes up with fingers or a spoon), chipotles and adobo, and 1/4 cup water. Bring to a boil; season with salt. Reduce heat and simmer until lightly thickened.
Add chicken and cook, stirring, until hot, about 1 minute. Remove from heat; stir in chopped cilantro.
Divide chips among four shallow bowls; top with chicken mixture and sauce. Garnish with cilantro sprigs, sour cream, and cheese.
Serves 4.
recipe adapted from Everyday Food: Great Food Fast


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Arizona governor hopefuls weigh in on religious rights bill
PHOENIX -- Several Republican candidates for Arizona governor are weighing in on a bill allowing business owners to refuse to serve gays by citing their religious beliefs.
Secretary of State Bennett and Mesa Mayor Scott Smith said Friday they don't support Senate Bill 1062. Bennett called it unnecessary and divisive and Smith said it has the potential to negatively affect basic rights, including the freedom of religion. Both said it could hurt the state economy.
Attorney Christine Jones says 1062 should be withdrawn to avoid damaging the state's reputation and economic growth.
State Treasurer Doug Ducey didn't take a position but says no one should face discrimination for their religious beliefs or any other reason.
Candidates Andrew Thomas and Frank Riggs didn't send statements.
Sen. Al Melvin voted for the bill.
Related Links
- SB 1062 opposition begins pushing back
- Lawyer says SB 1062 fight is just beginning
- Gov. Jan Brewer vetoes SB 1062
- CAP President: Veto marks 'tragic day'
- Arizona politicians react to SB 1062 veto
- Council thanks Brewer for SB 1062 veto
- Rob's 5: Big black eyes in Arizona history
- Brewer holds meetings on SB 1062
- Report: NFL may move Super Bowl from AZ
- The basics of SB 1062
- Final Word: AZ out to make a fool of itself?
- AZ senator defends SB 1062 on 'AC360'
- Meghan McCain 'horrified' at SB 1062
- Farmer throws support behind SB 1062
- SB 1062 could affect 2015 Super Bowl
- Group addresses 'misinformation' about bill
- St. James: Should AZ care what others think?
- Karie: SB 1062 Stand Your Ground for bigots
- McMahon: Bon appetit, Arizona
- Foster: 'We reserve the right'
- Senator: 'Lapse' when voting for SB 1062
- Hispanic lawyers pull AZ conference
- Official: Arizona tourism loses with SB 1062
- Expert: Bill won't derail economic recovery
- Valley restaurant takes stand against bill
- Phx business showing SB 1062 disgust
- Go Daddy releases anti-SB 1062 statement
- George Takei rips Arizona over SB 1062
- Apple adds to anti-SB 1062 sentiments
- State treasurer says veto Arizona bill
- Three senators urge veto of SB 1062
- Service refusal bill bad for Ariz. taxpayers
- SB 1062 opponents protest at capitol
- Council urges Brewer to veto SB 1062
- AZ governor hopefuls weigh in on SB 1062
- Religious service bill riles gay supporters


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Bon Appétit
August 2002
reviews (3)
make it again
Makes about 4 cups
Combine onions, currants, vinegar, and ginger in medium bowl. Cut peaches into 1/3-inch cubes. Add to onion mixture and toss to coat. Cover; chill at least 1 hour and up to 6 hours, tossing occasionally.
As directed this chutney is not bad but could use some tweaking. We're accustomed to Indian food & believe this chutney benefited from some salt, lemon juice, & a bit of cayenne. Those additions really made the flavors come alive.


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I had traded some of my computer parts for a Dell Inspiron Model # PP09L to which I've connected a universal adapter at 19V and also at 20V where it powers on but there is no display. I've also connected an external monitor from the back and have pressed the button on the keyboard while restarting it to have it notice the external monitor (numerous times) still with no display to the external monitor. Am I right in the assemption that it wouldn't do any good to get the exact designated Dell adapter as it specifies on the bottom model PP09 (19.5v 7.7a)? Also, to justify the costs of an adapter I need to know if it can have a GPS system run on it and it looks like any GPS free download I run across requires Win 7 ....so I don't even know if this laptop could be upgraded to use 1GB or more to meet the min. win 7 requirement.
Thanks in advanced for any helpful response.


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So now that the new site is up and kicking I have had some people mention that they don't get updates from the previous sites and RSS feeds. Well, to be quite honest that is probably my fault because I can't figure out the goddamned 301 redirect thingy, and since I don't want this to be a "current Brian" problem I am giving you nice folks an easy out.
RSS for the entire site.
That RSS will give you updates to every thing that comes out on Apartment J. Now some of you slackers might not want to listen to everything we do (wtf is wrong with you?) So in that case there is a menu at the top that says "Subscribe via RSS" and that handy dandy little drop-down has separate RSS feeds for all of our shows currently running, and will have new feeds as we add new content.
Look at all these options we offer here.
Also, go buy a shirt.
Brian Allen
P.S. I do thank you for letting me know about any problems on the site.


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Durham, N.H. — J.R. Purnell spearheaded a University of Richmond running attack that netted 286 yards on the ground as the Spiders pounded the University of New Hampshire on their way to a 31-10 Atlantic 10 victory at Cowell Stadium on Saturday afternoon.
UNH falls to 4-2, 2-2 in conference while Richmond improves to 4-2, 2-1.
Purnell scored two touchdowns to go along with 101 yards on the ground. Purnell's first touchdown, a 10-yard run with just over three minutes remaining in the second quarter, gave the Spiders a 17-0 lead heading into halftime. Two minutes into the third quarter, Richmond extended its 17-point lead to 24-0 when Sean Gustus hooked up with Boyd Ouden for a 71-yard touchdown. The Spiders threw collectively for 246 yards to give them 532 total yards of offense.
Kamau Peterson (Windsor, Ontario), who had 7 receptions for 70 yards, got the Wildcats on the board at 6:25 of the third quarter when Ryan Day (Manchester, N.H. 22-for-44, 266 yards) connected with Peterson for a 14-yard touchdown. However, Purnell would score his second of the day with 1:34 remaining in the third on a 39-yard scamper to make it 31-7.
Shawn Maclean (Salem, Mass.) hit a 35-yard field goal with 28 second to go in the third for the final score of the game. Stephan Lewis (Coatesville, Pa.) led the 'Cats offense attack with a 168 all-purpose yards, 70 on the ground and 98 through the air.
Doug Kirchner gave the Spiders a 3-0 lead in the first quarter with a 38-yard field goal. Tyronne Turner (19-95) made it 10-0 early in the second quarter with a 1-yard dive.


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Best Buy is diving into the wireless business even more today by moving beyond handset sales to offering a new back-up service and soon an app store that will compete with Apple (NSDQ: AAPL), *Microsoft*, Nokia (NYSE: NOK) and Research In Motion.
The service called mIQ allows not only customers, but anyone, to back-up their phone's text messages, photos, contacts and other information online. As users snap photos or add a contact or calendar appointment, the item will show up within seconds on the web (or vice versa). It works on BlackBerry, Windows Mobile and Symbian Series 60 devices and is free. For Best Buy, the experience will not only make users happy, but it will make upgrading to new devices easier because all their info can be pushed from the web to their new phone, even if it is from a different manufacturer. Because Best Buy knows what phone you have, it will also be able to make smart recommendations for Bluetooth headset, other add-on products and applications in the future. mIQ launches Monday.
mIQ was built by Dashwire, a Seattle-based company Best Buy Capital invested in earlier this year. Best Buy Mobile's Mark Mosiniak said customer service reps will install the software before the customer walks out of the store. Likewise, non-Best Buy consumers can sign up for it over the web. The service compares to Apple's MobileMe, Microsoft's My Phone, Nokia's Ovi, and even RIM's enterprise solution — except for that it works on more than one device. Mosiniak: "Best Buy Mobile stands for impartiality. No matter what they choose to buy, a service like this shouldn't impede them from making a decision."
As Dashwire and Best Buy continue to work on the service, they will add new features. For instance, it was Best Buy's recommendation to allow users to go to their account online to send photos to Twitter or Facebook since that still is a confusing process for many people today. Going forward, Best Buy said it will expand beyond physical goods and also sell applications or digital content for the phone. Mosiniak: "We are looking at adding a mobile application store, where content will be featured for their device." He said it will be a select number of applications and that they'll source the content from a variety of aggregators or directly from the developer.


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Democratic National Convention 2012: Twitter chatter from the DNC floor
September 4, 2012 - 08:49 am
Decrease Increase Text size
This is your best source for all the latest Twitter chatter from the floor and surrounding the 2012 Democratic National Convention! Don't forget to follow our own Scott Thuman (@ABC7Scott) for the very latest.
Would you like to contribute to this story? Join the discussion.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
begin: William Kendrick <email@example.com> quote
> I'm looking for a sound editor for Linux (to edit sampled audio; eg WAVEs)
> and nothing I've tried works:
you have just discovered what i've known for a few months now. there are no
good sound editors on linux. i define good as:
1. powerful (ie: not sweep)
2. easy to use (ie: not sox)
i think someone ought to take sox and design a nice gtk interface for it. it
needs to be dumbed down; nobody wants to take 5 hours out to learn a sound
> This is so absolutely frustrating to me. A few of these projects look
> really promising (Glame, ecawave, waveforge), but the fact that I've had
> NO success with ANY of them is very discouraging.
i know. i've been there. :(
> Does anyone have any recommendations?
maybe lugod should start a collective effort to write open source software?
sound programming is a little out of my realm of expertise, but am willing to
"You may not use the Software in connection with any site that disparages
Microsoft, MSN, MSNBC, Expedia, or their products or services ..."
-- Clause from license for FrontPage 2002
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
Lynx Space Academy
Space Travel: A beginner's guide to becoming an astronaut1 February 2013
It's a phrase we never really imagined ourselves writing, but these days you are spoilt for choice when it comes to travelling into space. Virgin Galactic is doing its thing, Lynx Space Academy has got involved and even the International Space Station... >>
Lynx Space Academy offers you the chance to go to space, for real11 January 2013
Lynx is offering the chance to travel into space with the launch of its 2013 Lynx Apollo range. The Unilever brand is looking to put the Lynx Effect into orbit by giving you the chance to win place on a space trip, in support of the launch of its new... >>


text:
Syria's foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi speaks at a news conference in Damascus, Syria, Sunday, May 27, 2012. (AP Photo/Bassem Tellawi)
BEIRUT: Former Syrian Foreign Ministry Spokesman Jihad Makdissi said Wednesday his departure from Syria last year was due to the violence and "destructive" division in his country.
"I left Syria because of the violence and polarization that left no place for moderation and diplomacy," the Syrian said in a statement.
He said the division in Syria reached a "destructive" level and "I could not bear to stay in the country any longer."
In a twitter post, Makdissi confirmed the authenticity of the statement.
"I confirm authenticity of the press release issued today where I explained why I left the regime and my current political position," he said.
The former Syrian official denied that he had traveled to the Europe or the United States since leaving his country, instead stating he was with some "honest brothers who are helping the Syrian people overcome their humanitarian crisis with no discrimination."
"I didn't travel to Europe or the United States although my passport would have easily entitled me to [do so]," he said.
Makdissi's whereabouts have been a mystery ever since reports of his departure from Syria.
While some media reports said Makdissi traveled to London with his family, others claimed the CIA had secured him safe passage to the United States.
In the statement, he said that his former position as Syrian Foreign Ministry spokesperson did not grant him access to any "additional information" not available to ordinary Syrian citizens.
Makdissi said that those revolting against President Bashar Assad had rightful demands "that no one could deny."
"The rebels, however, were still unable to convince the minds of Syrians of their movement because of reasons that are well known."
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Cellular-blocking devices remain idle in Roumieh
Hezbollah ambushed Israeli soldiers in s. Lebanon: Nasrallah


text:
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Welcome to the Big 12 Conference
DALLAS - Dana Holgorsen has spent nine of his 12 years of coaching in the Big 12 Conference so he knows what the league is all about. Now, he says West Virginia football fans are going to find out what it is all about.
"There's excitement all over the nation [for Mountaineer football] and it seems like this week starts it all," Holgorsen said. "It's good to be a part of the Big 12 from a coaching standpoint, player standpoint, administrative standpoint, and a fan-base standpoint. I can assure you everybody in West Virginia is excited about the opportunity that's in front of us."
Despite the geographical differences, Holgorsen believes West Virginia football fits the Big 12 in many ways, particularly the atmosphere at Milan Puskar Stadium on Saturday afternoons.
"I've been going around the state for the last couple of months telling the people of West Virginia what we're getting in to is the same thing we've got at home," Holgorsen explained. "And that didn't necessarily exist in the conference that we were in last year.
"It means a lot; the culture is there. The support's there. The fan base is there. We're going to fill up that stadium. Our team is used to winning, and that also exists at the other nine universities in the Big 12 as well," Holgorsen added.
As for the geographical distance, Holgorsen said that simply means riding in an airplane for an hour or an hour and a half longer than in the past to get to games.
"The road games are going to be an airplane ride," he explained. "So you're going to jump on a plane and fly a couple of hours no matter where you go. From there it's all about routine."
A big routine of late for West Virginia has been fielding winning football teams. In 2011, West Virginia won at least 10 games for the fourth time since 2005, and the Mountaineers have averaged 10 victories per year over the last seven following last January's 70-33 win over Clemson in the Discover Orange Bowl. On the basis of that performance, the Mountaineers last week were picked to finish second in the Big 12 this year behind Oklahoma, WVU actually garnering seven first place votes.
Also, quarterback Geno Smith was named the Big 12's preseason offensive player of the year over standout Landry Jones and three other quarterbacks in the league on the Davey O'Brien Watch List. Holgorsen said his team will simply have to handle the big expectations this fall.
"You don't get ahead of yourself, I guess," said Holgorsen. "It seems like I haven't seen these guys in two, three months, but that's what camp is all about. If you think a guy has been reading his press clippings then it's your job as a coach to make sure you bring them down.
"What is awesome about the Big 12, as opposed to where we were last year, is just the national exposure, and it's going to be West Coast to East Coast," he said. "They're going to be put in some venues to be able to shine if they can handle that."
And Holgorsen said that is job No. 1 of his coaching staff to make sure their players can handle that.
"[We have] to put them in those positions and make sure that they are prepared and get them on that stage and see what they can do from there," Holgorsen explained. "So managing expectations is part of our job. It's obviously better to have high expectations rather than low expectations."
Holgorsen's offenses have historically improved from year one to year two in his system. With nine starters back on offense, Holgorsen expects to see improvement this season as well.
"Everything is better the second year," he admitted. "It was evident last year with Brandon [Weedon] at Oklahoma State, and his year two was more comfortable. You can just see Geno with a little bit more confidence right now. It makes more sense to him. After having a year under your belt, it's easier to get a bunch of guys out there [working] on your own."
Holgorsen just wants his guys to understand that playing winning football takes everyone performing well in all three phases - not just one or two key players on both sides of the ball performing well.
"I don't want to put a whole bunch of pressure on Geno," Holgorsen said. "We're not going to win games with Geno alone. He's got to have a whole bunch of guys around him that makes plays and understand the offense, and that's how you get good offensively."
Other topics Holgorsen touched on during his 20-minute session with the print media Tuesday morning …
- On the difference of being an offensive coordinator to now being responsible for the entire team …
"The best way I can describe it is I just paid attention to who I worked for," he said. "I was with Mike Leach for eight years and saw how he ran his program and then moved on and worked for Kevin Sumlin down at the University of Houston. And Kevin's approach was a lot different; more of a CEO-type of approach and managed not only what we were doing offensively but special teams, defense, recruiting, media, alumni base, and he did a great job of handling the whole scope of things.
"Then working one year with Coach [Mike] Gundy there at Oklahoma State – I just paid attention to how all three of them did it and took bits and pieces from each one and developed my own way of doing things," he said.
- On the exceptional quarterback talent the Big 12 has to offer this year …
"Sounds like it's been the same way in the Big 12 for about a decade now," Holgorsen said. "There have been a whole bunch of good quarterbacks come through the league. The league has been that way for as long as I can remember it. I've been fortunate of being at a lot of those games and coach a lot of those quarterbacks that existed."
- On adding some new wrinkles for Big 12 this season …
"Yeah, we'll probably put something new out there, but I'm not going to tell you what it is," he said. "It's evolved. I mean, obviously eight years in Lubbock working for Coach Leach, the offense was kind of set. I made the decision four years ago to break away from them to go down to the University of Houston. And every time you change a job you have got to look at what your personnel is and you've got to try and tweak some things to fit what your personnel is.
"We tweaked it a little bit at Houston. We tweaked it a little bit at Oklahoma State and last year when we went to West Virginia, we tweaked it a little bit. The specifics would take a couple of days to get into," he said.
- On the boost the Big 12 will give West Virginia in Texas recruiting …
"Texas is obviously a huge college football hotbed," said Holgorsen. "Yes, we will recruit Houston and we will recruit Dallas. I think we've got to be careful a little bit about how much manpower we put there because it's so competitive.
"I don't want to take away from what's made West Virginia. Our surrounding states of Ohio and Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia all have pretty good football so we'll continue to get a majority of our kids from that area. That's a very recruited area and there are a lot of Division I athletes that come out of that area. And Florida has been fantastic for us. I think we signed 13 kids out of Florida last year."
As for Texas, Holgorsen said his coaches will concentrate mostly on kids who have outstanding senior seasons and have not committed elsewhere.
"If you look back at my first year, we signed Dustin Garrison, an undersized kid that didn't have a lot of Division I offers, but was the Houston Touchdown Club Player of the Year," Holgorsen said. "He was state champion, 16-0, and rushed for over 3,000 yards and he ended up starting for us as a freshman. Paul Millard from here in Dallas didn't have any offers, he was an undersized quarterback, but he threw for about 4,500 yards, 45 touchdowns, and had a pretty good senior year. That's our approach with Texas … is to just make sure that we're getting good quality players that really have great senior years."
- On what has happened at Penn State and his policy on taking transfers …
"We don't take a whole lot of transfers," Holgorsen said. "I think the biggest thing is if you take transfers it's for immediate help. That's what transfers are all about. I think it can be beneficial if you identify what your needs are.
"Other than that, I think what you want to do is you want to fill your team full of a whole bunch of high school kids and watch them mature over the course of five years - which is really what West Virginia has done for the last decade – get a bunch of good high school kids, coach them, put them through your strength program and watch them mature."
Football: KJ Dillon Preseason
Football: Tony Gibson Preseason
Football: Skyler Howard Preseason
Coach Dana Holgorsen
2015 Bob Huggins Fantasy Camp
Womens Soccer: Ashley Lawrence Goal vs. NL


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T.L. Mumford probably (maker)
court fan
Brown and white ostrich feathers with tortoiseshell sticks and tortoiseshell loop. Accompanied by a box, M.467A-1985
Production Place
England (maker) (country)
English (maker) (nationality)
Technique Description
Court fan, brown and white ostrich feathers with tortoiseshell sticks and tortoiseshell loop.
length: (whole): 54.0
early 20th century
circa 1900
given: Nathan, G. Mrs 1985-10-21 (Filtered for: Applied Arts collection)Possibly the donor's grandmother; the donor's mother
Given by Mrs G. Nathan
Other Notes
See letter from donor date Nov 10th 1985, 'With regard to the two fans in your care the female ostrich feather fan was used by my mother when presenting me, I think a sister of mine before me. I think it may have belonged to her mother, who died in 1906- perhaps you can tell something from the box'.
Accession Number
M.467-1985 (Applied Arts)
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About WILPF Donate Issue Committees International WILPF Get Involved Publications and eNews Branch Directory
Water Background Information
The Bolivian Example: How WILPF Can Work for Water and a Clean Earth
By Nancy Price and Theta Pavis
The First People's World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth recently took place in Bolivia. Yet this historic conference was also a reminder that the work for a healthy planet, and clean drinking water for everyone, is far from over.
During the gathering in Bolivia, activists also held a water conference, Feria Internacional del Aqua, which featured an outdoor fair where villagers showcased the work of local water councils. The fair included food, information about water-related organizations and a number of workshops.
Rivers of Regeneration
The WILPF project Women and Water Rights took months of planning, but the ripple effects will be felt for years to come. Check out the fantastic media coverage they've received.
This week the project continues to build momentum, with a "World Water Day Film Screening." What's next? None other than Vandana Shiva will make a major presentation on the closing day of the exhibition. If you couldn't see the exhibit and catch the programming, don't worry. You can listen to a Podcast about their work on the KFAI website – just look for the clip on International Women's Day with host Dixie Treichel on the radio show Fresh Fruit. The exhibit will also be going on tour. Check their website for more details.
WILPF Supports California Water Legislation
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
United States Section
11 Arlington St. Boston, MA 02116
Tel: 617-266-0999 Email: web(at)wilpf.org
Website: www.wilpf.org
The Honorable Jared Huffman
Chair, Assembly Water, Parks, and Wildlife
State Capitol
Sacramento, CA 95814
April 21, 2009
RE: Support AB 1242 (Ruskin-Jones)
Dear Assemblymember Huffman:
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, U.S. Section, wholeheartedly supports AB 1242 that would amend the California State Water Code to read that "every human being has the right to clean and accessible water on an equitable basis".
Articles on Water from Peace & Freedom Magazine: Recent Years
Click on the links below to view and download pdf versions of articles related to water that have appeared in WILPF's Peace and Freedom Magazine in recent years.
Peace and Freedom Winter 2009 Article on Water Issues
Reprinted from Peace & Freedom Magazine of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Winter 2009, Volume 69 #1
View this and other issues online at: http://wilpf.org/peaceandfreedomarchive
Click here to download this article as a pdf file.
People Against Chemical Trespass
By Nancy Price
At this time, as no other in history, our health and life are at risk from the accumulation of chemicals used by industry, agriculture and the military that poison our air, land, water and our bodies. Currently over 80,000 corporate-produced chemicals are in use in the U.S. and among the 15,000 chemicals tested, few have been studied enough to conclude there are no risks. Amazingly, about 1,800 chemicals enter the market each year.
Over the decades, different chemicals have been found to be far more toxic to the environment and people than initially reported: lead, mercury, asbestos, DDT, PCBs, pesticides, tobacco, flame-retardants, solvents, perchlorate, dry-cleaning chemicals, Agent Orange; the list goes on and on. We now know chemicals that might be useful for one purpose can be extremely harmful in other ways. The threat to all life now far exceeds what Rachel Carson exposed more than 60 years ago.


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Snowden: Why is Jones refusing to promote fight with Sonnen? - Mixed Martial Arts News
Jon Bones Jones @JonnyBones
•I could care less about promoting my game is winning
•The beautiful thing about Chael is that he uses his words and that's about all he has, really. He's just a gang of quotes that no one's going to remember.
•He's weak in every way, shape or form. He taps before submissions are even sunk in. I could put one hand around his throat and he's probably going to tap.
B/R's Jonathan Snowden argues that UFC light heavyweight champion Jon Jones is not promoting his fight on April 27 at UFC 159 with Chael Sonnen, and that the person most harmed is Jones himself.
Jon Jones gets paid by the viewer.
Like all defending UFC champions, Jones banks a dollar amount based largely on how many people order the show on pay-per-view.
It's not enough just to win. The world is filled with broke fighters who could win bouts, but couldn't win the hearts and minds of fight fans.
It's this stark reality that makes Jones' approach to his April 27th fight with Chael Sonnen, considered by many analysts the most commercial UFC fight of the year, nothing short of flabbergasting.
It's not just that Jones has seemingly refused to promote the fight, though his lack of interest and sneering dismissal of the business side of his profession has to be troubling for the UFC. Worse than disinterest, he's actively and continually downplayed the contest, making it clear that he doesn't believe Sonnen is a fit contender and that this isn't a competitive bout.
When the true masters of the game promote their bouts, they never dismiss their opponents outright like that.
Watching Jones during The Ultimate Fighter 17 Finale on FX was painful. He and Sonnen were given an entire segment to promote their upcoming bout, a chance to hard-sell a captive audience of fans on free television.


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Emory Law is a dynamic community where students feel engaged and involved in the classroom and beyond. Our Houses program provides students with social opportunities to get to know faculty, staff, and other students.
For 1Ls, the Houses help them bond and meet 2Ls and 3Ls, who have "been through it already" and who can provide perspective and realistic advice. For 2Ls and 3Ls, the Houses are another channel for forming relationships that energize their interests, goals, and future paths. And the Houses inject fun into law school life!
LLM and JM students have similar opportunities through their respective Societies. We encourage students to take part in all law school activities.
Emory Law fosters a climate of inclusion, where students of all backgrounds come together to learn and enter a profession based on service and knowledge. Our diverse community, with students, faculty and staff of all races, genders, religions, and backgrounds, is engaging, warm, and dynamic.
Generations of Emory Law students have built a community of high-achieving but mutually supportive young professionals, committed to their growth in the legal profession while understanding that the bonds and reputations they forge in law school will follow them throughout their professional careers.
Color: Blue
Coordinators: Rachel Berman 3L and Samantha Rayborn 2L
Associated Faculty: Jenn Mathews (LWRAP) and Frank Alexander
Color: Red
Coordinators: Tiffany Taylor 3L and Mallika Kaushal 2L
Associated Faculty: Julie Schwartz (LWRAP) and Charlie Shanor
Color: Orange
Coordinators: Josh Combs 3L and Laura Beth Jackson 2L
Associated Faculty: Allison Thornton (LWRAP) and Kay Levine
Color: Yellow
Coordinators: Ayeisha Cox 3L and Jessica Tian 2L
Associated Faculty: Nancy Daspit (LWRAP)
Color: Indigo
Coordinators: Shannon Proctor 3L and Suyash Raiborde 2L
Associated Faculty: Aaron Kirk (LWRAP)
Color: Green
Coordinators: Burton Peebles 3L and Natalie Prince 2L
Associated Faculty: Jennifer Romig (WRAP)
Color: Violet
Coordinators: Utena Yang 3L and Samantha Croffie 2L
Associated Faculty: Lesley Carroll (LWRAP) and Julie Seaman


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in the new Restoration
Yesterday was one of those fantastic and rare autumn days in Vancouver, warm, supper sunny, great to be outside and in the city with the family. We went to a favorite, Stanely Park for a walk, then window shopping, ducking in and out of shops on West 10th and South Granville. It's always interesting to see what the major home finishing stores like Restoration Hardware have in mind for the season to come.
Interesting...what do you see in this cover?
It's Restoration Hardware furniture, lights and accessories. Obviously, a very nice Old World Mantel too.
But I would look closer, what is the Mantel made of? Plaster, most likely and so are the walls. In fact, out 300 pages in the new catalog, 60% of the photos involve Plaster Walls and Plaster Mantels. Pick one up, have look for your self.
...Always the interesting part when it comes to staging a picture or staging a room for a certain look.
The one with a keen eye, sees the some is greater than all of the parts. Just as all of the parts must look and be complimentary to each other. Therefore, start with something great, Lime Plaster Walls and Lime Plaster Mantels - Picture Perfect!
Great to see the big boys catching on to the most authentic, versatile and 'green' architectural finish of our times.
If you would like to see samples similar to these Lime Plaster Walls and Mantels up close and to touch, contact us today!
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DAYTONA BEACH, Fla.—It was Earnhardt, guys. It really was. Not some rookie or also-ran. Earnhardt. Your leader.
Are you clear on that now? Are there any more questions?
Half of you, at best, will be wearing the life-saving HANS device Sunday at Rockingham, N.C.
And so I've got to ask:
Who among you is next, guys?
There is no if.
There is only who and where and when.
Everywhere Earnhardt went, you all followed.
If he pulled out of the drafting line at Talladega, you all fell in behind him and made a new drafting line.
If he didn't like Geoffrey Bodine, you didn't like Geoffrey Bodine.
If he didn't like the HANS device, you didn't like it, either.
If he thought safety science was for sissies, you thought safety science was for sissies.
There is no place else to follow him now, guys.
Except the grave.
Was Sunday really just his time? Meant to be? Written in the book, as you guys say?
Would Sunday have been his time had he been wearing a HANS? Or May 12 Adam Petty's? Or July 7 Kenny Irwin's? Or Oct. 15 Tony Roper's?
That's a lot of meant-to-be, guys.
Four drivers dead of violent head movement -- so preventable with the HANS -- in barely nine months?


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Search the Collection
Igor Aleksander (1937-), Head of Intelligent and Interactive Systems at Imperial College
Sitter in 1 portrait
Igor Aleksander is an emeritus professor of Neural Systems Engineering in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Imperial College, London. He is an expert in artificial intelligence, neural networks and artificial consciousness, having designed the world's first neural pattern recognition system in the 1980s (the WISARD). In 1991 he laid down the principles for the first neural vision machine (the MAGNUS). Aleksander is the author of Impossible Minds (1996).
by Alberto Arzoz
colour print, 1997
NPG x88160


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Consumer Product Safety Commission
Nearly 1-Million Trek Bikes Recalled After Rider Is Paralyzed
Nearly one-million Trek bikes in the United States and Canada are being recalled after a person was paralyzed.
Disposable Plastic Fire Extinguishers Recalled
Kiddie is recalling more than four million of its disposable fire extinguishers.
Mt. Lebanon Parents Raise Health Concerns About Synthetic Turf
Earth movers are busily clearing away the natural surface of a couple of ball fields in Mount Lebanon's municipal park.
Boy Injured After Electronic Tablet Battery Explodes
A young boy was injured after the battery in his electronic tablet exploded.
Soccer Goals Causing Potential Danger For Children
There are more than three million kids who play soccer in the United States, and 44,000 in the Pittsburgh region. That's a lot of children on the soccer field, and many kids and parents are unaware of a danger on the field — soccer goals tipping over.
Scott Recalls 2,000 Speedster Bikes
Scott is recalling its "Speedster Bicycles" because part of the steering mechanism can break, which poses a risk of falling.
Safety Concerns Prompted Bunk Beds Recall
Lea Industries is recalling its bunk beds with bookcases because the beds can be assembled incorrectly.
Electrical Shock Incident In Fla. Puts Pool Safety Center Stage
With the Memorial Day weekend underway, the unofficial start of summer has local pool owners getting their outdoor oasis together.
Bed Rail Recall Issued After Reported Deaths
After the deaths of three women, the federal government is taking action regarding a safety hazard in the home.
Leaf Blowers Recalled Over Laceration Hazard
Now that warmer weather has arrived, more people will be out doing yard work.
CPSC Rates Kids Falling From Windows A Top 5 Home Hazard
A 5-year-old girl remains in the hospital after falling out of her bedroom window in Ross Township on Thursday afternoon.
Rashes, Blisters Lead To Major Fitbit Recall
A recall has been announced on the popular FitBit wireless wristband activity tracker after thousands of complaints of itchy rashes, blisters, and burns.
CPSC Warns Public About Holiday-Related Dangers
The Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates more than 15,000 injuries related to holiday decorating occurred in November and December of last year.
Build-A-Bear Recalls Stuffed Animal Due To Possible Choking Hazard
A popular children's toy is being recalled because of a choking hazard.
Kichler Lighting Recalls Chandelier Over Injury Concerns
Kichler Lighting is recalling the Aztec nine-light fixture, which was exclusively sold at Lowe's under the Portfolio brand name.