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Abstract: Chapter Overview: Although animal sacrifices were quite common in the ancient Near ... the passages specifying rules for these sacrifices, provides an example of how to interpret ...
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Chapter Eleven
Israelite Sacrificial System: "A Pleasing Odor to the LORD"
Chapter Overview: Although animal sacrifices were quite common in the ancient Near
East, collecting blood and burning animal parts on an altar is foreign to the experience of
most people today. Interpreting sacrificial laws in the Bible requires that we understand
something about the significance given to blood offerings during biblical times. This
chapter summarizes the five basic kinds of Israelite sacrifices, offers tips for interpreting
the passages specifying rules for these sacrifices, provides an example of how to interpret
a particular sacrificial law, and gives specific laws to interpret from Leviticus 1–7. It also
explains the concepts of holiness, clean, and unclean, which are important for
understanding Leviticus.
Get your fingers out of my nose!!
Students stared quizzically as I strode into the classroom with a
prayer shawl over my head, a knife and a bowl in one hand, and a
Lamb Chop hand puppet on the other. As they watched me convert the
desk in the front of the room into an altar for burnt offerings, they
began to exhibit some signs of unease. And when I asked for a
volunteer to assist me in offering sacrifice, they squirmed in their
chairs. But when I gave the student volunteer the knife and asked him
to slit Lamb Chop's throat so that I could catch the blood in the bowl,
sounds of disgust arose from the class. "You're not going to kill Lamb
Chop! No way!!" Ignoring their comments, I explained ancient
Israelite sacrificial technique to the volunteer. "An animal's nose is
tender," I said, "so if you put your fingers into its nose and pull
upward, its head will come up. You can then slit its throat, which is
necessary to bleed the animal properly." So he stuck his fingers into Lamb Chop's nose and bent
her head upward and sliced. I simulated collecting blood in the bowl and splashing it against the
altar. Some students laughed nervously; others made protesting comments.
I sometimes wonder what would happen if I
actually sacrificed a real animal in a classroom. The sights,
smell and sounds would nauseate many students, and I am
fairly sure that I would be breaking several laws and would
get into trouble with various animal rights groups—not to
mention the probability that my students would revolt
against such an exhibit. Urban people today are far
removed from the sacrificial system that seemed natural
and good to ancient Israelites. In our day, a small
percentage of people live on farms, so most have no
Scene of Romans sacrificing a bull. contact with killing and butchering animals for food—
From Pompei. meat is something that comes wrapped in plastic at the
grocery store. Experiences common for ancient Israelites seem quite foreign to most folks today.
Israelite animal sacrifices, far from seeming unusual to them, mostly accompanied times of
family celebration. Slaughtering animals and offering their blood to God meant a big meal—a
happy time.
Only a minority of Israelite sacrifices were offered as atonement for sin and therefore
accompanied somber occasions. The majority were celebratory in nature: thanksgiving and
freewill offerings. This detail often surprises Christians. Christians associate animal sacrifices
with the offering of a male lamb as atonement for sin, because several New Testament passages
use this imagery to describe Jesus' sacrificial death. For example, the Gospel of John Gospel
says concerning John the Baptist, "The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him and declared,
'Here is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world'" (John 1:29). Similarly, 1 Peter
1:18–19 states "You know that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your
ancestors, not with perishable things like silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ,
like that of a lamb without defect or blemish" (see also 1 Corinthians 5:7 and Revelation 5:6,
12). And because Christians predominantly link Jesus' death with the Passover instructions in
Exodus 12 to slaughter a year-old lamb without blemish, they are surprised to discover that the
sacrificial offering specified to atone for the sin of a common person was a female sheep or goat
(Leviticus 4:27–35).
In this chapter we will focus on the specific instructions in Leviticus 1–7 for how to
conduct various kinds of sacrifices. These passages stipulate correct sacrificial procedures on
where to kill the animal for different sacrifices, what to do with its blood, which portions of the
offerings to burn on the altar for God, which portions to give to the priests, and which parts the
sacrificers take to eat with their families.
Laws of Sacrifice in Leviticus 1–7
The Hebrew name for Leviticus is "And he called" (or "And he summoned") from the
first word of the book in the Hebrew text. The title in the Septuagint is Leuiticon, which means
"The Levitical Book." The Vulgate converts this Greek heading into the Latin Liber Leviticus,
"The Book of Leviticus," which provides the basis for the English title. The title "Leviticus,"
however, seems a bit strange; because the book is written for priests and only uses the term
"Levite" in 25:32–34 when referring to property in certain cities. Leviticus gives instructions for
priests, the sons of Aaron. And although Aaron was from the tribe of Levi, one of the twelve
sons of Jacob, only his direct descendents were to function as priests. Perhaps when the
Septuagint translation of Leviticus was made in the third century BCE, the word Levite was
synonymous with "priest." We do not know for sure.
A major theme in Leviticus is the holiness of God and how Israelites can remain in the
good graces of this holy God who is jealous for their absolute loyalty. An important part of
fidelity to God was the bringing of sacrificial offerings for various events in the life of the
people, and Leviticus provides guidelines for how to accomplish these sacrifices correctly. It also
gives instructions on many other matters pertaining to purity. In summary form, the overall
content of the book is as follows. Leviticus 1–7 provides instructions for proper procedures to
follow when offering sacrifices. Chapters 8–10 deal with ordination of priests. Chapters 11–16
specify laws of cleanness: which animals are clean and can be eaten, how women are purified
after childbirth, how to diagnose and deal with different kinds of leprosy, and how to deal with
bodily discharges. Chapter 17 warns against improper sacrifice. Chapters 18–19 give laws
regarding sexual relationships (specifically which are illegal), and chapters 20–27 stipulate
further regulations for such matters as maintaining loyalty to God, insuring holiness among the
priests, celebrating specific feast days, and implementing the year of jubilee in which rural land
reverts back to its original owners.
We will focus on Leviticus 1–7, analyzing the way in which the priests were to offer five
different kinds of sacrifices. Leviticus 1–5 teaches how to offer the sacrifices, and chapters 6–7
deal with the same sacrifices but give further details on how to administer them. Here is a brief
summary of the sacrificial categories.
Five Types of Sacrifices
1. Whole Burnt Offering. This sacrifice was unusual in that the entire animal (except for
the skin) was burnt to ashes instead of only burning token portions on the altar (Leviticus
1:3–17; 6:8–13). The Hebrew word for this sacrifice indicates an "ascending offering"
and reflects the belief that the smoke ascended toward heaven as a "pleasing odor" to
God (1:9, 13, 17; 2:2, 9 and so on; remember in Genesis 8:20–21 where God smells the
smoke of the sacrifice offered by Noah). The Septuagint translates it with the Greek word
"holocaust" ("whole burnt offering"). But because "holocaust" currently describes the
Nazi extermination of Jews, use of this word in English translation is no longer a good
2. Peace Offerings. These sacrifices were associated with celebrations in response to
blessings received from God (Leviticus 3:1–17; 7:11–21, 28–36). There were three basic
types: (1) Thanksgiving Offerings—made to thank God for blessings; (2) Vow
Offerings—made to fulfill vows to God; (3) Freewill Offerings—made to express
gladness in the LORD.
3. Unintentional Sin Offering. These sacrifices dealt with purification following specific,
unintentional sins. The animals required for these offerings differed according to the
importance in society of the person who sinned (Leviticus 4:1–5:3; 6:24–30).
4. Guilt Offering. These sacrifices were the same as purification for unintentional sin
offerings, except they also required that restitution be paid (Leviticus 5:14–6:7).
5. Grain Offering. These sacrifices were offered to God as a means of securing good will
(Leviticus 2:1–16; 6:14–18).
Tips for Interpreting Sacrificial Laws
1. Consider Context. The sacrificial laws in Leviticus are connected to the larger context of
the Exodus narrative. The concluding paragraph of Exodus describes God descending in
glory on the tabernacle (portable shrine described in detail in Exodus), and Leviticus
continues this story with God speaking to Moses from the "tent of meeting."
2. Find background information. Determine what knowledge the passage assumes that
readers already possess and then obtain this background information from Bible
dictionaries or other resources. For example, the instructions on sacrifice in Leviticus 1–7
presuppose knowledge of the layout of the tabernacle (or "tent of meeting") described at
length in Exodus. Consequently, having a mental picture of this sacrificial center
enhances your understanding of the sacrificial laws in Leviticus. Examine the adjoining
reconstructions of the Tabernacle and keep them in mind as you read the laws that
explain sacrificial procedures.
Drawing of the
showing the
sacrificial altar
near the entrance,
the laver (basin
for priests to use
for washing), and
the holy place
(tent within the
Modern reconstruction of the
Tabernacle, showing the
inside of the courtyard. The
altar is in the foreground,
and the laver is behind it to
the left. The tent in the
background is the holy place
where only priests could
enter. Try to imagine a hot
fire on the altar, men
butchering animals, and
priests burning portions of
animals on the altar.
3. Decide which people the law addresses. For example, Leviticus 1:2 speaks to the
general population of Israelites, providing a broad statement on bringing sacrificial
animals to the sacred enclosure/tent. Verses 3–9 then give a specific example—an animal
from the herd (bull) or from the flock (sheep).
4. Note the kind of sacrifice described. For example, Leviticus 1:3–9 gives instructions for
a "whole burnt offering"—the incineration of nearly the entire animal.
5. Determine sacrificial specifications. Observe the qualifications specified for the
sacrifice (animal species and gender—or if it is a grain offering, what kind of grain is
used and how it is prepared). Leviticus 1:3 states that the animal must be a male without
blemish. It cannot be a wild animal—it must be a domestic animal belonging to the
sacrificer. In this case a bull is
Whole Burnt Offering—Leviticus 1:1–9
offered—an extremely expensive
sacrifice that only a wealthy person The LORD summoned Moses and spoke to him
could afford to bring. from the tent of meeting, saying: 2 Speak to
the people of Israel and say to them: When
6. Reconstruct the procedure used for
any of you bring an offering of livestock to
the particular sacrifice. Leviticus 1:3–
the LORD, you shall bring your offering from
9 gives a fairly complete set of
the herd or from the flock.
instructions for a whole burnt offering.
If the offering is a burnt offering from the
a) Sacrificer brings the animal to the
herd, you shall offer a male without blemish;
entrance of the tabernacle;
[a] you shall bring it to the entrance of the tent
b) Sacrificer places one hand on the of meeting, for acceptance in your behalf
head of the animal, probably as a before the LORD. 4 [b] You shall lay your hand
way of signifying that the animal on the head of the burnt offering, and it shall
belongs to that person; be acceptable in your behalf as atonement
c) Sacrificer kills the animal near the for you. 5 [c] The bull shall be slaughtered
entrance of the tabernacle; before the LORD; and [d] Aaron's sons the
priests shall offer the blood, dashing the blood
d) Priest collects the animal's blood against all sides of the altar that is at the
and splashes it on all four sides of entrance of the tent of meeting. 6 [e] The burnt
the altar of sacrifice; offering shall be flayed and cut up into its
e) Sacrificer cuts up the animal into parts. 7 [f] The sons of the priest Aaron shall
smaller pieces; put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the
fire. 8 Aaron's sons the priests shall arrange
f) Priest arranges wood on the altar the parts, with the head and the suet, on the
and places the pieces of the animal wood that is on the fire on the altar; 9 but its
on the fire—also washes the entrails entrails and its legs shall be washed with
and legs in the laver near the altar; water. Then the [g] priest shall turn the whole
g) Priest burns the whole as an offering into smoke on the altar as a burnt offering, an
to God. offering by fire of pleasing odor to the LORD.
In this division of labor, the
sacrificers are responsible to bring their own animals to the sanctuary and to kill them
there. The priests are responsible to perform actions related to the handling of the blood
and anything pertaining to the altar of sacrifice.
7. Locate where the animal is to be sacrificed. The sacrificial animal in Leviticus 1:3–9 is
sacrificed at the entrance to the tent of meeting (1:3–4).
8. Determine what is done with the various parts of the sacrifice. Which portions of the
animal or grain offering are burned, and which are eaten? Who eats what? Where it is
9. Find out what the sacrifice is designed to accomplish. Leviticus 1:4 stipulates that the
whole burnt offering provides atonement for the sacrificer. The Hebrew word for
"atonement" indicates the removal of pollution from the sacrificer and a canceling of that
person's sin. The animal's life provides a means by which the person makes amends with
God and does not suffer God's anger for the sinful act.
Examining Different Sacrifices
Significance of Blood
The procedure given in Leviticus 1:10–13 for
Leviticus 17:11 provides greater
sacrificing a sheep or a goat as a whole burnt offering
clarity on the significance of
resembles the more detailed explanation given for offering
blood in sacrificial offerings:
a bull in 1:3–9. The bird sacrifice in 1:14–17 differs,
"For the life of the flesh is in the
however, with the priest wringing off the head and tearing
blood; and I have given it to you
it open by the wings. The offering of birds was a provision
for making atonement for your
for poor Israelites who could not afford to bring a goat or a
lives on the altar; for, as life, it is
sheep. For example, Leviticus 5:7 states, "But if you
the blood that makes
cannot afford a sheep, you shall bring to the LORD, as your
atonement." The important
penalty for the sin that you have committed, two
Jewish holiday Yom Kippur
turtledoves or two pigeons."
means "Day of Atonement," and
Leviticus specifies sacrificial offerings for various on this day a special sacrifice
occasions in the life of the people. For example, 12:1–7 was offered for all the people in
gives instructions for the purification of women following order to avert God's anger and
childbirth, specifying that the woman needs to bring a keep them in God's favor (see
lamb and a pigeon for sacrifice. Then 12:8 adds "If she Leviticus 16 for details).
cannot afford a sheep, she shall take two turtledoves or two
pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering; and the priest shall make
atonement on her behalf, and she shall be clean."
In the following pages we will look more closely at the various kinds of sacrifices,
beginning with the very common freewill offerings.
Freewill Offerings/Offerings of Well Being (3:1–17; 7:11–21, 28–36)
These sacrifices have nothing to do with repentance and atonement but are offerings
involving joy and celebration. Most of the meat was eaten outside the "tent of meeting" by the
sacrificer's family, so the animal was killed at the tabernacle entrance, not inside the holy area.
The kidneys and the appendage of the liver, however, were burned on the altar by a priest (3:4).
To understand the background for this type of offering, it helps to know that ancient Israelites
considered the kidneys and liver to be delicacies. They also believed that these organs were the
center of a person's emotions—somewhat like we
refer to the heart. We say "Follow your heart," not
"Follow your kidneys." We do not say "I love you
with all my kidneys." Consequently, in biblical
passages that use the kidneys to speak of emotions
(for example, Psalms 16:7; 73:21; and Jeremiah
11:20), translators substitute the word "heart" so
that the text makes more sense to English speakers.
For us to say "You broke my kidneys" would sound
very odd.
Many people in Israel's neighboring
cultures believed that their priests could discern the
will of a god by examining the liver of a sacrificial
animal. The adjoining picture shows a clay model of a sheep's liver found in Mesopotamia.
Notice that the model divides the liver into numerous zones. It was probably a teaching device
used to instruct new priests how to interpret divine messages by examining the sacrificial
animal's liver. The Babylonian priests considered the lobe of the liver to be particularly
important in their analysis, so perhaps the burning of the lobe specified in Leviticus 3:4, 10, 15;
4:9 and 7:4 was a way of distancing Israelites from the practices of polytheistic priests in
Questions regarding Freewill Offerings
1. According to 3:1–17, there were no restrictions regarding the gender of the sacrificial
animal used for freewill offerings. Which species of animals could be used?
2. How does the sacrificial procedure in 3:1–17 compare with the one used for whole burnt
offerings in 1:3–9?
3. Which portions of the animal were burned on the altar for God?
4. What kind of bread was to be eaten with the thanksgiving offering (7:11–15)? What
restrictions were placed on when the meat must be eaten?
5. If the sacrifice was a votive offering (given to fulfill a vow) or a freewill offering (given
to ask God for something), when must the meat be eaten (7:16–21)?
6. According to 7:28–36, which portions of the offerings of well being were eaten by the
Fill in the following table to show how parts of the offering of well being were distributed.
God's portion Priest's portion Sacrificer's portion
Because offerings of well being were strictly voluntary, no allowance was made for poor
people to bring birds instead of larger animals. The festive meals that accompanied these
sacrifices fed a number of people, so a few small birds would not be adequate for such
Sacrifices for Unintentional Sins (4:1–5:13; 6:24–30)
Leviticus 4:1–5:13; 6:24–30 specify particular sacrifices were for unintentional sins, not
for intentional sins. Although you will notice many procedural similarities between these
sacrifices and the whole burnt offerings, you will also see some differences.
Questions regarding Sacrifices for Unintentional Sins
1. What types of sacrifices were specified for people at various levels of society?
Species of animal or Gender (if from Place where animal
type of flour herd or flock) was slaughtered
Anointed Priest
Whole Congregation
Common Person 1. 1.
2. 2.
2. How did the way in which the priests handled of the blood of these sacrifices differ from
the way they handled blood for the whole burnt offering?
3. Which parts of the animal were burned on the altar?
What was done with the rest of the animal? Penalty for Deliberate Sin
The sacrifice for the "anointed priest" (another title "But whoever acts high-
for "high priest") was larger than that required for a ruler of handedly, whether a native or an
the people because the potential for contaminating the holy alien, affronts the LORD, and
place was greater if the anointed priest sinned. The high shall be cut off from among the
priest represented the people before God, so if he was defiled people. Because of having
it affected the entire congregation. And because he despised the word of the LORD
ministered in the holy place, his uncleanness would affect and broken his commandment,
the holiness of the tabernacle. such a person shall be utterly cut
off and bear the guilt."
(Numbers 15:30–31)
Holy, Clean and Unclean in Leviticus
Leviticus 6:24–30 exhibits concern with the holiness of the sacrifice for sin. Only priests
could eat portions of it; and, according to the New Revised Standard Version translation,
"whatever touches its flesh shall became holy" (some scholars argue that the correct translation
is "whoever touches it must be holy"). Although many modern readers connect the concept of
"holiness" with moral and ethical behavior, this understanding does not match the meaning in
Leviticus. In Leviticus 1–7, holiness describes a person or object that was set aside or
consecrated for God. For example, Israelite priests conducted a ritual involving blood to purify
the altar of sacrifice: "Also you shall offer a sin offering for the altar, when you make atonement
for it, and shall anoint it, to consecrate it. Seven days you shall make atonement for the altar, and
consecrate it, and the altar shall be most holy; whatever touches the altar shall become holy"
(Exodus 29:36–37). Similarly, when Aaron and his sons were consecrated for priestly service,
blood was used: "Then you shall take some of the blood that is on the altar, and some of the
anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron and his vestments and on his sons and his sons' vestments
with him; then he and his vestments shall be holy, as well as his sons and his sons' vestments"
(Exodus 29:21). Once consecrated, however, the priests needed to avoid touching anything that
was unclean, because uncleanness was transferred through touch. Unclean people touching a
holy object or person contaminated the object or person (Leviticus 5:2–3). Therefore, extreme
care was taken to avoid contaminating holy objects and
holy people.
There were also degrees of holiness, with the
areas closest to God considered most holy. The "holy
of holies" (the innermost shrine of the tabernacle
containing the ark of the covenant) was most holy, and
only the high priest could enter it—once a year on the
day of atonement—and then only after an extensive
purification ritual. The "holy place" outside the holy of
holies was limited to priests. Outside the holy place,
Levites could serve around the altar of burnt offering.
Common people who were in a state of ritual cleanness
could enter the outer court of the tabernacle. The camp
outside the tabernacle was for common Israelites and
resident aliens. Outside of the camp was a place for
those people who were temporarily unclean. Separated
entirely from the camp was the place where those
with terminal uncleanness, such as leprosy, lived. Reconstruction of the Ark of the
And the wilderness was considered a haunt of Covenant located in the "holy of holies."
unclean animals and demons. Viewing wilderness
areas as places for recreation enjoyed by outdoor enthusiasts is a modern concept.
Sacrificial offerings also had differing levels of holiness. The sin offering, for example,
was "most holy" (6:25), and only the priest who offered it could eat the meat; and he had to eat it
in the "holy place" (6:26). By contrast, the common people ate their portion of the sacrifices of
well being outside the tent of meeting courtyard (the priests got the breast and right thigh; 7:30–
Approaching holy objects in a condition of ritual impurity involved danger: "Thus you
shall keep the people of Israel separate from their uncleanness, so that they do not die in their
uncleanness by defiling my tabernacle that is in their midst" (15:31). Handling holy objects in a
way contrary to instructions also involved great risk. Two of Aaron's sons died after they used
fire that was not taken from the holy altar of sacrifice and they performed some sort of banned
ritual. "Now Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, each took his censer, put fire in it, and laid incense
on it; and they offered unholy fire before the LORD, such as he had not commanded them. And
fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the
Obviously care was needed. Priests must be clear on their tasks and not have their
judgment clouded by alcohol. Although drinking wine was a common part of Israelite society,
priests were forbidden to drink while on duty. "Drink no wine or strong drink, neither you nor
your sons, when you enter the tent of meeting, that you may not die; it is a statute forever
throughout your generations. You are to distinguish between the holy and the common, and
between the unclean and the clean" (15:9–10).
Priests were to maintain strict rules to keep them in a state of ritual purity. They also
had to meet certain specifications with respect to their physical condition in order not to degrade
the holy place. As sacrificial animals needed to be without blemish (22:17–25), so the priests
who offered them in sacrifice could not be deformed.
No one of your [Aaron] offspring throughout their generations who has a blemish may
approach to offer the food of his God. 18 For no one who has a blemish shall draw near,
one who is blind or lame, or one who has a mutilated face or a limb too long, 19 or one
who has a broken foot or a broken hand, 20 or a hunchback, or a dwarf, or a man with a
blemish in his eyes or an itching disease or scabs or crushed testicles. 21 No descendant of
Aaron the priest who has a blemish shall come near to offer the LORD's offerings by fire;
since he has a blemish, he shall not come near to offer the food of his God. 22 He may eat
the food of his God, of the most holy as well as of the holy. 23 But he shall not come near
the curtain or approach the altar, because he has a blemish, that he may not profane my
sanctuaries; for I am the LORD; I sanctify them. (Leviticus 21:17–23)
And, as we saw in the previous chapter on law codes, certain physical conditions also exempted
the common worshipers. "No one whose testicles are crushed or whose penis is cut off shall be
admitted to the assembly of the LORD. Those born of an illicit union shall not be admitted to the
assembly of the LORD. Even to the tenth generation, none of their descendants shall be admitted
to the assembly of the LORD" (Deuteronomy 23:1–2).
To appear before God in the tabernacle required Israelites to be clean, which does not
simply mean washed in a bath. They must be in a condition of ritual purity. This condition
required constant vigilance—being aware of what caused uncleanness and the consequences
regarding worship. Some common events in life rendered people temporarily unclean, although
the events in themselves were not bad. Giving birth to children, for example, was highly prized
in Israelite society; and a woman's monthly period is entirely natural. Yet because of the blood
loss involved in these normal events, a menstruating woman or a new mother was considered
ceremonially unclean and could not approach holy objects for a set amount of time.
If a woman conceives and bears a male child, she shall be ceremonially unclean
seven days; as at the time of her menstruation, she shall be unclean. 3 On the eighth day
the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. 4 Her time of blood purification shall be
thirty-three days; she shall not touch any holy thing, or come into the sanctuary, until the
days of her purification are completed. 5 If she bears a female child, she shall be unclean
two weeks, as in her menstruation; her time of blood purification shall be sixty-six days.
When the days of her purification are completed, whether for a son or for a
daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting a lamb in its
first year for a burnt offering, and a pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering. 7 He shall
offer it before the LORD, and make atonement on her behalf; then she shall be clean from
her flow of blood. This is the law for her who bears a child, male or female. (Leviticus
The text does not explain why a woman was considered unclean for twice as long after giving
birth to a girl. Scholars are therefore left to speculate, and you can read a number of possible
explanations in commentaries on Leviticus.
Although uncleanness need not have anything at all to do with sin, it may result from
disobedience. Conditions of uncleanness vary from mild to more significant. People who become
unclean through minor reasons, like touching the carcass of an unclean animal, take a bath, wash
their clothes and are unclean until sunset (Leviticus 11:24–31; 22:6–7). Men who have a
discharge of semen require seven days before being considered clean again, as do women when
they have their monthly periods—yet anyone who touches an unclean man or woman is only
unclean until evening (see Leviticus 15:2–24).
Some illnesses resulted in permanent uncleanness. Leviticus 13–14, for example,
provides detailed directions for how priests were to diagnose leprosy. Today the term leprosy
refers to a chronic infectious disease resulting from Mycobacterium leprae, which disfigures the
skin and destroys peripheral nerves. In Leviticus, however, the term used for leprosy covers a
fairly wide array of conditions, ranging from the lethal disease to mere mildew in a house.
Prescriptions for treatment vary with the diagnosis. If the priest diagnosed a person's skin
condition to be leprosy, the leper had to live at a distance from others.
The person who has the leprous disease shall wear torn clothes and let the hair of his head
be disheveled; and he shall cover his upper lip and cry out, "Unclean, unclean." He shall
remain unclean as long as he has the disease; he is unclean. He shall live alone; his
dwelling shall be outside the camp." (13:45–46)
Priests also examined clothing that had "leprosy"—in this case some sort of mildew—and
prescribed a range of treatments (13:47–59). If the owner of the garment could not get rid of the
problem, the garment was burned. Similarly, a house with "leprosy" (mildew) in the walls
necessitated a priest to inspect it. The "diseased" stones were removed and the walls scraped. If
the house recovered and the "leprosy" did not spread further, the priest did a purification ritual so
that the house would be clean again (14:48–53). But if they could not eliminate the "leprosy"
from the walls, they had to "have the house torn down, its stones and timber and all the plaster of
the house, and taken outside the city to an unclean place" (14:45).
Purity did not
just affect Israelite
entry into the
tabernacle. It also
defined their lives as
a people set aside for
God. As we have
already seen in
Deuteronomy 14,
some animals were
considered unclean
and therefore not to
be eaten. Leviticus 11 expands these
kosher food laws in the context of Sacrificial scene from Pompeii, showing Romans
explaining "clean" and "unclean." preparing to sacrifice a bull, a ram and a pig.
Interestingly, some animals that were unclean to eat were nevertheless valuable as work animals
(for example, the camel, 11:4, or the horse, neither of which has divided hoofs or chews the cud).
As time went on, Jewish people viewed the pig came as especially unclean, and their refusal to
eat pork distinguished them from other societies. In the ancient Near East, various cultures not
only considered pigs to be valuable for meat, but they also viewed them as good sacrificial
offerings for their gods.
The laws in the Pentateuch warned Israelites against copying the worship practices of
polytheistic peoples. For example, although sex is an important part of life, sexual acts were
banned from the holy place. Unlike people in the surrounding cultures who had temples devoted
to fertility in which men engaged in sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes, Israelites were to
shun such activities. Similarly, although death is a natural event, those who came in contact with
a corpse were not to enter the tabernacle for a prescribed time of purification. This stipulation
distinguished Israelite practice from the common Near Eastern custom of ancestor worship. So
although Israelite sacrificial practices were in many ways similar to the ways people in other
cultures sacrificed to their deities, there were also some fundamental differences.
Questions regarding Guilt Offering with Restitution (Leviticus 5:14–6:7)
1. From Leviticus 5:14–16, what kind of offense necessitated a guilt offering?
2. How do the requirements in 5:14–16 for the guilt offering differ from the other sacrifices
studied so far?
3. What was the intended result of the sacrifice
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have a Samsung ultrabook with windows 7.
I have a windows 8 upgrade key. I now decided to move to Windows 8.1
I was thinking of a clean install of Windows 8.1, formatting my PC
I then realized that If I format, the Samsung recovery will be gone too.
I also thought of the following:
- Do a Windows 7 factory restore (from Samsung recovery)
- Take a backup of Recovery (Optional)
- Upgrade to Windows 8 & then Windows 8.1
With this I will retain the recovery. Unfortunately there is a problem with this. i have a 1TB HDD and when I bought this it came with 1 TB in C:\ . I made a logical partition to C: & D:
Last time when I did a restore from recovery, I lost the D:\ meaning it wasn't showing up. After some days of struggle and running multiple software I got the D: back with all data in tact. Sadly I don't remember the software name.
What all options do I have to do a clean install of Windows 8.1 and
- Retain recovery
- retain D:\ with data


text:
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text:
To me, this seems like it would offend more people than a joke about a "surprise van" but something tells me Ronda won't be fired over this.
I have no problem with her tweet, if there are unanswered questions, the public SHOULD demand answers. I don't think that's crazy at all. We all know the media gets it wrong ALOT, then they just gloss over the fact that they got it wrong. Sandy Hook is just one of those issues that draws instant emotion, if this was about one adult victim, then there wouldn't be this kind of heat. Mind you I don't think it was a government conspiracy, but what if their was another shooter? Or maybe it was just one, but they got the details wrong. We should really care about those kinds of questions when things don't add up. What we really should stop and ask ourselves is why are we not all being more skeptical of the Mainstream Media? Why are we so quick to accept their reporting as truth? We do have a serious "Free Thinking" problem in this country, and it's getting worse with each passing generation. Their is a formula or maybe several for influencing American opinion, hell they teach college courses on it. If you think Politicians and the media are not using sophisticated marketing to sway the public.......then I don't know what else I can tell you. Enjoy your Coka Cola.
Now as for Rhonda....I hope Cyborg makes 135lbs tears her apart like a Wolf would a toy dog.....
I won't pollute this thread with politics but the internet and videos like this feed on people's curiosities and skepticism and create fear and distrust in situations where they aren't warranted simply to fuel agendas.
Rhonda wasn't being a free-thinker, she was simply regurgitating someone else's BS. It's no different than the very things the media are accused of doing...only on the opposite side.
"Throughout human history, as our species has faced the frightening, terrorizing fact that we do not know who we are, or where we are going in this ocean of chaos, it has been the authorities — the political, the religious, the educational authorities — who attempted to comfort us by giving us order, rules, regulations, informing — forming in our minds — their view of reality. To think for yourself you must question authority and learn how to put yourself in a state of vulnerable open-mindedness, chaotic, confused vulnerability to inform yourself." - Timothy Leary
there's nothing wrong in questioning something when you don't quite trust the source, but it wouldn't hurt toexercise a little consideration for those who you might offend, particularly with a topic like dead children.
There is a very big difference between being a "critical thinker", and being an outright skeptic/conspiracy theorist. Counting inconsistencies in news reports and then placing X conspiracy theory in places where you find gaps is not thinking critically. Most of these news outlets were reporting stories before the police investigation was even halfway over. Their sources come from multiple different people who were witnesses of a situation that was VERY frantic.
So here's my conspiracy theory, Rhonda is becoming paranoid since hanging out with the Diaz bros....coincidence?
I think it's funny that "skeptics" always cite news reports from witnesses at the time of an event as proof of their cover-up or conspiracy. Witnesses RARELY recall catastrophic events as they actually occurred. Moreover, most media reports come in as the events are unfolding and LE/Emergency personnel are still trying to clear the smoke.
Anyway, it's sad that these theorists are making what was a horrible situation even worse by harassing and attacking the people who lost family or were impacted by the event. Rousey just furthered the BS associated with it.


text:
Glee's Dean Geyer Is on Fire — at Least He Looks Like It in This New Pic!
New Glee star Dean Geyer (Brody Weston) looks smokin' hot in pretty much every picture he takes. However, we're going to have to say that this newest photo wins out — seeing as Dean honestly looks like he might actually be about to burst into flame.
Dean posted the new pic on Twitter on August 22 to show off his new Puma gear, but that neon Puma sign in the background is glowing so brightly, his face looks like it's about to be enveloped in flames.
On a related note, we'd like to take this moment to point out that our headline totally rhymed.
Geyer. Fire. Look at us: we could so take down Glee Project winner Blake Jenner in a poetry contest. (But not really. His rhyming skills could triumph over ours any day.)
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text:
CT70 Help No Power
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CKevan%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsoh tml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"> Problem shortly came about after I fixed a hole in the float that was causing overflow gas out the carb. Anyway now the bike does not have any power. It starts fine idles fine but I cant even ride it up my driveway without having it pined in 1st and walking besides it when before I could get up my driveway in second no problem also, it sometimes cuts out. Ive checked spark and fuel and its ok. The only think I can think of is the ignition, but Im not to familiar with points ignitions. Anybody have any suggestions? Thanks
This isn't a dig at your mechanical skills, BUT, when that kind of thing happens to me I go back and revisit everything that I have touched or was even close to.
Bumping wires, pinching hoses, not reconnecting cables correctly....I have done all of those. The bike on the other hand has never broken all by itself during the time I was 'fixing' it.
New float? The float level is prolly too low... Just a guess from way out here.
Captain Yesterday ... is it smoking? did you pull the plug and look/sniff it? if you touched the carb then why would you think ignition? how does modifying the float affect timing or spark? based on what you've shared I'd go back and revisit the float.
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text:
Reprints first appearance and origin of The Signalman
The Hypno-Ray is similar to an emotion controlling ray invented by Mind Games in Action Comics Weekly 611-613. Green Lantern uses a high speed stunt like The Flash.
Signed by the following editors: Julius Schwartz; Joe Orlando; Dorothy Woolfolk; Murray Boltinoff; Denny O'Neil; Sol Harrison; Joe Kubert; Jack Kirby; E. Nelson Bridwell. Between pages 4-5 of the third story.


text:
Koi ni Narumade Manga恋になるまで, Koi ni narumade -Mad Pa Pi Raion x Mamiya hen-
After Kazui rejects Rai's love, Rai loses himself in sin and hardcore partying. But when his room mate, Mamiya, finds him and tries to make him snap out of it by dragging him home, Rai does the unthinkable to Mamiya in a fit of rage and despair. Having lived a lifestyle doing whatever he wants with no remorse, Rai is suddenly surprised to feel guilt in the aftermath of his night with Mamiya and does his best to apologize. It is only after Mamiya agrees to live with him again that Rai realizes he has growing feelings for the boy. But, Mamiya can't forget what Rai did to him. There is also the problem of Mamiya's unrequited feelings for his best friend Kei. Can Rai convince Mamiya to forgive him, to let go of the feelings for Kei and become Rai's lover?
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The old with the new
A trip to Europe was the inspiration behind the transformation of this Canberra dream home.PT2M30S http://news.domain.com.au/action/externalEmbeddedPlayer?id=d-1i3wo 620 349 July 29, 2011
This 1920s house on an irregular corner block in Forrest, ACT, looks like any number of Canberra bungalows when approached from the street on its southern side. White stucco walls highlighted by red brick detailing and a pitched, tiled roof patinated with moss are complemented by a cold-climate garden dotted with well-established deciduous trees.
However, enter the front gate and walk along the path, and an audacious addition compels you to detour northwards across the lawn.
A striking glass cube that contains the main bedroom features black aluminium cladding wrapping up one pier and extending out across the flat roof to culminate in a dramatic cantilever. Quirkily, the cube's back concrete wall continues out into the landscape, punctuating in a sculptural column.
Dream home: Canberra
The Canberra cube ... owner Arthur Lagos with his wife, Yole, near the addition and a metal sculpture by Peter Collins, the architect's father.
"There are not many houses where people are bold enough to take risks. We love modern architecture but also appreciate the charm of the old; we wanted the best of both worlds," says Arthur Lagos, who lives in the house with his wife Yole, daughter Tara, 22, son Zac, 13 and playful pooches Scooby and Milo.
To preserve the heritage building, architect Andrew Collins says that "respectful additions were inserted into different areas around the property in what was a relatively complicated project".
The architect points out that the use of strong geometry and the glass walls of the new areas serve to bring into focus the period residence with its doors and windows punched in masonry.
A consistent palette of materials - glass and raw, off-form concrete for blade and structural walls, contrasted with glossy aluminium cladding - unifies all the additions. As the original residence's orientation was skewed at 45 degrees on the site, the extensions were designed to allow this axis to remain.
Besides the new bedroom, the couple requested a major indoor/outdoor entertaining zone. They also specified a secondary entrance leading from the car-parking area to serve as their everyday entry point.
Collins responded by designing a carport, which then allowed the former garage to be converted into a studio. No ordinary car space, it's an important architectural element that bookends the overall design.
Built at a right angle to the carport is a spectacular 15-metre pool; triple troughs that emanate from its landscape-facing wall rhythmically cascade water into the lineal pool.
At the pool's opposite end there's a generous cabana completing the picture of an outdoor recreation zone that has been specifically created as a focal point for the whole property. The family room is just a few steps away from the cabana. Added on to the back of the original house by previous owners, it has been expanded with a light-filled, glazed, rectangular extension. Yole comments that the inspiration for this was drawn from a slick Apple store she and Arthur had visited.
"When designing additions, I don't believe you should mimic old architecture," Collins says. "The best way to sit old against new is to allow a little breathing space between them. At each point of connection we stepped the new architecture back so that you can read the old, for example by allowing the corners of existing walls to be visible. We did this to avoid any train smashes."
Conceived as a two-stage master plan, the primary works focused on the core of the house. "We refurbished the old section, put in a new kitchen, bathroom, changed openings to let in more light and restored the timberwork," says Arthur, who micro-managed the exacting build.
Then the couple paused while they soaked up the ambience of the house, fine-tuning their ideas for the final stage, which has recently been completed.
Now, sitting in the cosy period section of the house, it feels like you have stepped back in time. Then move into the new sections where ceilings seem as if they are floating and the contrast is exhilarating.
"Heritage houses have heart and soul," Yole says. "Old and new can work holistically to produce something harmonious and unique."
Lagos House won a residential award in the Australian Institute of Architects 2011 ACT Awards and was a finalist in the Houses Awards 2011.
To build a timeless, dramatic family home that will still be beautiful in 20 years' time.
Design and council: six months. Build: nine months.
Owners' favourite features
Yole: It's a great entertaining house that can be opened up and integrated for parties and then closed down again. I particularly love the pool at night with its stunning, changing coloured lights.
Arthur: The bedroom. It's like a piece of art that stands alone.
Insiders' tip
Respect our forefathers' vision but mould it to suit contemporary living. Keep the bones of the old and then modify.
Green points
- Re-use of existing building rather than knockdown.
- New elements of the building highly insulated, including the concrete walls.
- Computer modelling allowed analysis of sun penetration.
- Performance glazing for all new windows.
- A deciduous-covered steel pergola on the north and west sides is a sun-control device.
- Two 50,000-litre water tanks.
Collins Caddaye Architects


text:
It's been WAY too long since we've featured one of Karen Wise's weddings on the Little Black Book Blog! So when Tamara & Adam's Manhattan wedding fell into our box ... we were thrilled! Karen shoots all film and she's seriously, one of the best. Her attention to details, the focus on traditional wedding photography with that extra special oomph that kicks her images up and over the top ~ well ... you'll see!
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Tricking the brain into thinking its body can't be seen is easier than you might think. That can be helpful in stressful situations, but does it make virtual reality more dangerous?
Sorry, Men in Black. Turns out using a neuralyzer to wipe away memories is overkill. Scientists now believe inhaling the right gas at the right time may do the trick.
It's not the end of Uber's notorious surge pricing model, but the on-demand car service agrees to stop charging excessive rates during natural disasters and emergencies.
An experimental smartphone app analyses changes in vocal patterns to predict the early signs of a bipolar mood swing.
A tiny motor encased in a pill-like capsule could make life easier for people with this common digestive health condition.
You probably have have better things to do, but if not, you should be watching Discovery Channel's nude survival show, "Naked and Afraid." A full report, plus the strangely specific mental disorder hitting young programmers and yet another AirBnB horror story!
Play more video games. Researchers put Super Mario 64 to the test on a small sample of gamers and find it increases gray matter in some areas of the brain.
In a bid to improve the mental health of soldiers and veterans, DARPA has launched a $70 million project to create an implant that tracks neuron activity and provides quantifiable brain data.
A former Navy pilot and Army sergeant team up to create Vets Prevail, a free online screening and counseling program to help veterans transition to life back home.
People at risk for suicide don't always show signs of their vulnerability. But a test that can scan biomarkers to predict actual suicidal impulses? While promising, it may go only so far.


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Unindian Songs 1 (2004)
|Artist: Pedestrian
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CONDITION: Used-Very Good
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Seller Information
Learn more about Unindian Songs 1:
Format: CD
Manufacturer: Caroline Distribution
Sku: 63939612
Release Date: 1/25/2005
See more in Pop
Song Listing
Disc 1
Song Title
1. Sermon on the Subject of Death, Pt. 1 ~ Pedestrian
2. O Hosanna ~ Pedestrian
3. Lifelong Liquidation Sale (1850-1950) ~ Pedestrian
4. Lifelong Liquidation Sale (1850-1950) (Continued) ~ Pedestrian
5. Sermon on the Subject of Death, Pt. 2 ~ Pedestrian
6. O Silent Bed ~ Pedestrian
7. Dead of a Day, The ~ Pedestrian
8. Arrest The President ~ Pedestrian
9. History Channel..., The ~ Pedestrian
10. Anticon ~ Pedestrian
11. Field Reports From The Financial District ~ Pedestrian
12. Toss & Turn, The ~ Pedestrian
13. Jane 2: Electric Boogaloo ~ Pedestrian
14. Blind Dates ~ Pedestrian
Album Notes and Credits
Notes & Personnel Info
|Personnel: Jason Chavez (vocals).
|Author: Frank Proffitt.
|Nearly a decade into the Anticon label's lifespan as one of the great imprints of underground hip-hop, producer and label co-founder Pedestrian finally released his first solo album, the compelling and occasionally bizarre Unindian Songs, Vol. 1. A collage-like set where even the conventional songs are regularly interrupted by atmospheric doodles, spoken word digressions and out-of-left-field change-ups, Unindian Songs, Vol. 1 is in part fascinating because of the way it makes Pedestrian's contributions to previous Anticon releases so much more obvious: as a producer, he's clearly enamored of vintage 808 beats and is equally fond of finding ways to subvert them. Note the way that "O Silent Bed" is built on a truly slamming minimalist electronic beat that the Neptunes would get into a fistfight with Timbaland over, a banging setup that Pedestrian gleefully messes with by inserting seemingly random starts and stops and overlaying the whole thing with one of the album's most unstinting calls to action. Other highlights include the fascinating two-part "Lifelong Liquidation Sale," the near-psychedelic atmospherics of "Jane 2: Electric Boogaloo" and the wound-up sarcasm of the bitterly ironic dance parody "The Toss and Turn," both the album's funniest and catchiest track. Unindian Songs, Vol. 1 is a dense work both musically and lyrically (a tongue-in-cheek section of notes and suggested further reading follows the lyrics in the liner notes), but patient listeners will find close attention amply rewarded. ~ Stewart Mason
Technical Info
|Release Date : 01/25/2005
|Original Release Date : 2004
|Catalog ID : ABR 0044CD
|Label : Anticon
|Number of Discs : 1
|Studio/Live : Studio
|Mono/Stereo : Stereo
|SPAR Code : n/a
Professional Reviews
Alternative Press (p.138)
- 3 stars out of 5 - "[T]he album is grounded by a firm appreciation of hip-hop history, expressed through classic, block-rockin' beats and frequent quotes and samples from legendary rhymers."
- 3 stars out of 5 - "[T]he album is grounded by a firm appreciation of hip-hop history, expressed through classic, block-rockin' beats and frequent quotes and samples from legendary rhymers."
The Wire (p.72)
- "Pedestrian strings together rough and ready Old School metaphors into an effortlessly adept sketch of modern life."
- "Pedestrian strings together rough and ready Old School metaphors into an effortlessly adept sketch of modern life."
View all buying options for Unindian Songs 1
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With a new leadership team in place, the Internal Revenue Service Exempt Organizations Division has swiftly come together to introduce a shorter and easier application form (Form 1023-EZ, Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code) for organizations seeking section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. The IRS estimates up to 70% of all applicants will qualify to use the new streamlined approach.
Prior to the form's July release, Tamera Ripperda, IRS Exempt Organizations Division's newly appointed director, shared insights with CPAs at the AICPA Not-For-Profit Industry Conference and explained the significant role the simplified form will play in the new IRS transition process her team has internally dubbed: "Moving Exempt Organizations Forward."
"The new form will focus on the questions that are absolutely necessary for exempt determination," Ripperda said. The Exempt Organizations Division receives more than 60,000 applications each year and a rise in applications in recent years, combined with a decrease in staffing, means the team receives more tax-exempt status applications than it is able to process.
This is where the new Form 1023-EZ process fits in. The new streamlined method is designed to reduce the application backlog and a minimized number of application questions should alleviate the IRS's need to conduct extensive research and fact checking. The IRS now puts the burden of compliance on applicants by requiring them to check a box at the top of the form to attest that they have completed the eligibility worksheet, are eligible to apply for exemption, and have read the requirements for exemptions under section 501(c)(3).
Form 1023-EZ is geared towards smaller organizations, with a strong aim towards organizations that may be eventual 990-N filers, organizations with low receipts, and new startups that do not have a lot of activity or operations yet. Most small organizations should meet the following major eligibility requirements (see full Form 1023-EZ Eligibility Worksheet):
Ripperda explained how the IRS is implementing Lean Six Sigma Organization managerial concepts (widely used in corporate settings) to make the process more efficient and is using the FIFO (first in, first out) method to resolve old cases first. These new procedures are illustrated in an IRS memo, where we can see an initial pilot for the streamlined application process includes six basic review steps, along with a final confirmation of correct user fee submission.
Both the Form 1023-EZ and the user fee can only be submitted online at pay.gov. This online-only requirement hopefully will reduce the chance for applications to get stuck in a backlog due to insufficient payments.
(Source: TEGE-07-0214-02 memo, Feb. 28, 2014)
CPAs representing EOs are concerned that a shortened tax-exempt application process today may result in an increase in long and extended audit examinations on the back end.
National Taxpayer Advocate, Nina Olson, explained in a recent FY15 Objectives Report to Congress that the "Form 1023-EZ does not even provide a space for, much less require, a narrative description of the organizations' proposed activities. Olson is therefore "deeply concerned about the IRS's abdication of its responsibility to determine whether an organization is organized and operated for an exempt purpose and not merely accept an organization's statement to that effect."
Only time can tell how the implementation of a new Form 1023-EZ will affect the 501(c)(3) application process and the overall recovery of the IRS Exempt Organizations Division. The IRS's willingness to innovate is an encouraging sign for both taxpayers and practitioners.
For more information on applying for tax-exempt status and how to keep up to date on IRS Exempt Organization news, please see the following resources:
Amy Wang, CPA, Technical Manager - Tax, American Institute of CPAs. Amy serves as the technical manager for the Individual & Self-Employed Tax Technical Resource Panel, as well as the Exempt Organizations Tax Technical Resource Panel and related task forces. She also sits on the planning committee for both the AICPA Not-for-Profit Industry Conference and the Conference on Tax Strategies for the High-Income Individual. She has public accounting experience in federal and state taxation and holds a BS in Accounting with a Minor in International Business from Penn State University.
In 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit landfall along the Gulf Coast, the Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005 (H.R. 3768) was introduced and passed by Congress in less than two weeks.
Unfortunately, this prompt response is not the standard model each time a disaster occurs. Relief offered through the tax system varies, and as explained in the AICPA's comment letter submitted to Congress last November, "this process results in taxpayers receiving different treatment for similar losses and not knowing what tax treatment they will receive until Congress enacts some form of relief, which frequently occurs long after the disaster."The Gulf Coast was again afflicted by disaster when Hurricane Isaac devastated the region in late October of 2012. Although Congress was able to rapidly respond to Katrina and pass a bill to aid affected taxpayers in the area, there was no automatic or permanent procedure in place to offer victims of Isaac. Tax provisions introduced to provide relief to Hurricane Isaac victims were submitted in early 2013 (H.R. 453 / S. 93) and over a year later, Isaac victims continue to wait for word of tax relief.
Another example of Congress' delay in tax disaster provisions is evident in the timeline for pending Hurricane Sandy relief. The Hurricane Sandy Tax Relief Act of 2012 was introduced in December, then updated and re-introduced a year later as the Hurricane Sandy Tax Relief Act of 2013. Today, more than two years after the anniversary of this destructive storm that affected over 24 states and caused severe damage to New Jersey and New York, taxpayers and business owners have yet to receive any tax relief.
These natural disasters are only some of the countless tragedies that strike our nation and affect taxpayers each year. Storms, fires and mudslides often cause far-reaching consequences that extend across state borders, and the individual and self-employed taxpayers whose lives are altered by these tragedies should know in a timely manner whether they are eligible for any tax relief.
The AICPA has proposed a list of 10 permanent disaster relief tax provisions for Congress to consider and recommended that these provisions take effect immediately when a triggering event occurs. Some examples of the proposed provisions include:
As stated in our comments to Congress, we believe that by "implementing permanent disaster relief provisions as foundational aid, taxpayers will have certainty, fairness, and the ability to promptly receive the relief they need after a natural disaster." As part of our advocacy efforts, the AICPA Tax Division continues to communicate with Congress, the IRS and state CPA societies to promote permanent tax provisions for disaster relief, and we encourage our members and any stakeholders to support this effort.
Amy Wang, CPA, Technical Manager - Tax, American Institute of CPAs. Amy serves as the technical manager for the Individual & Self-Employed Tax Technical Resource Panel, as well as the Exempt Organizations Tax Technical Resource Panel and related task forces. She also sits on the planning committee for both the AICPA Not-for-Profit Industry Conference and the Conference on Tax Strategies for the High-Income Individual. She has public accounting experience in federal and state taxation and holds a BS in Accounting with a Minor in International Business from Penn State University.


text:
I'm connecting to a Windows desktop through Remote Desktop Viewer but their desktop is so small that it's to difficult to work with it. Is there way to increase the resolution?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Try remmina remote desktop manager, I use it and it solved that and others problems.


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Social intelligence
This social media thing is all the rage isn't it. If we were all confused before about integration and the impact of digital on our businesses we are doomed now.
I can't think of a client we have that doesn't need or use some form of social media in their day to day existence.
Because it is growing so fast, it is hard to keep up with what sort of people are best at it and therefore how to recruit for it, productise it, manage it.
It can be put in the digital bucket, it can be aligned with PR, it can be a component of brand experience, or even direct marketing give the increasing interest in social commerce.
The entrepreneur in me can't help feeling that this is ok, but that it does need some leadership.
We tried to do this with a programme we set called Urgent Genius.
Urgent Genius is a bright and stimulating philosophy about the need for brands to work real time and the need for agency people to become 'hybrids' (account handling, strategists, writers), and that they should adopt an editorial mindset.
This was good; it attracted lots of interest and opportunity. It is the easiest sell in the world.
It most definitely didn't address the question though, it just created more social media busness.
So maybe we 'll all just have to wait and see where this quick evolution will take us.
One thing that I think is true though is that the closer it is to the client the better, as it is the most immediate and influential channel a brand has in today's turbo-charged and hyper-competitive world.


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Long search pays offSome people spend a lifetime looking for a four-leaf clover. Kelly Kotowicz spent five years searching for a soybean pod with five beans.
Some people spend a lifetime looking for a four-leaf clover. Kelly Kotowicz spent five years searching for a soybean pod with five beans.
"I finally found one," says Kotowicz, seed manager with Farmers Elevator Co. of Alvarado, Minn., in the northwest part of the state.
Traditionally, a soybean pod contains two or three beans. But new soybean varieties are producing more pods with four or, in rare cases, even five pods. More beans per pod mean greater potential for big yields.
Soybean pods with five beans are "not a complete rarity" in North Dakota and northwest Minnesota, but are less common there than in some soybean-growing areas, says Jeff Hamre, executive director of the North Dakota Soybean Growers Association.
Soybean production has been expanding into parts of North Dakota and northwest Minnesota, where the crop traditionally wasn't grown.
A long-running promotional campaign by Asgrow soybeans, a Monsanto product, encouraged farmers and others in agriculture to search for and report five-bean pods.
Several YouTube videos feature agriculturalists searching for five-bean pods.
The North Dakota Soybean Council, which now has a logo featuring a pod with three soybeans, is switching to a logo that has four soybeans in a pod. It's a sign of how soybean farmers and their industry are adjusting from two or three beans to four or five beans per pod.
The new logo will better reflect the organization and its mission, says Diana Beitelspacher, the council's executive director.
"The research (into producing soybeans with more beans per pod) has really paid off," she says.
Kotowicz says he found his five-bean pod in mid-September while scouting a seed production field. He found only the one.
"Of course I looked for another hour and didn't find another," he says.
Tags: crops, agribusiness, updates


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What exactly does it mean to recover after a workout? Whether you're strength training, running, spinning or dancing, your body needs time to repair and re-energize after exercise. During strenuous physical activity, muscle tissue breaks down, fluid is lost and energy stores are depleted. Recovery allows the body to repair damaged muscle tissues (ultimately leading to the creation of bigger muscle fibers, or building strength) and to replenish energy stores.
If you don't give your body the time and nutrients it needs to recover, you'll not only wear yourself down and increase risk for injuries, you may never see the results you're working so hard to achieve. To make the most of your workouts, keep these recovery guidelines in mind:
1. Rest. One of the easiest, but also one of the most important, things to do to post-workout is to rest. After working a particular muscle group, a 24- to 48-hour break is needed for optimal recovery. This is why you'll see many people training upper body one day, for example, and working lower body the next. Taking a break allows tissues to repair and natural growth hormone levels to be replenished.
2. Eat. An optimal, healthy diet is essential for proper recovery. Aim to eat a meal rich in protein, carbs and healthy fats within 30 to 60 minutes of your workout to replenish nutrients that may have been lost during exercise.
3. Drink. Drinking water during your workout is essential to keep yourself from becoming dehydrated (drink 8 ounces every 15 minutes, whether or not you feel thirsty), but replacing fluids post-workout is just as important. How much is needed? Weigh yourself before and after exercising. Drink about 2 cups of fluid for every pound of body weight lost.
4. Bounce back with BCCAs. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential nutrients known to help support muscle recovery after physical activity.* Not only does taking a BCAA supplement help with the maintenance of lean muscle tissue, it may also help reduce muscle soreness after intense exercise. You can take BCAAs in capsule form or flavored powders that can be added easily to your water bottle. I like ARO brand because it's free of artificial colors and dyes.
5. Fight muscle fatigue. One of the most abundant amino acids in the body, with high concentrations found in skeletal muscle, glutamine is another nutrient that can be taken post-workout to support the body's recovery process.* It helps maintain the body's nitrogen/ammonia balance for better muscle metabolism, while also helping to defend against stress and muscle fatigue.* Again, you can take tablets or mix a scoop of glutamine powder into your post-workout drink.
6. Defend against free radicals. Just like exposure to UV sunlight, exercise generates free radicals, which are unstable molecules that damage healthy cells in the body. To protect yourself, be sure to eat plenty of antioxidant-rich fruits, vegetables and other plant foods, or drink green tea. Yogi makes a Muscle Recovery Green Tea that also contains herbs to relieve minor aches and pains resulting from exercise.*
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Mrs. Fitness
Latest posts by Mrs. Fitness (see all)
- 5 Tips to Improve Your Focus During Workouts - June 30, 2015
- Why You Shouldn't Skip the Cool Down - June 23, 2015
- 2 Refreshing Protein Smoothies for Summer - June 16, 2015


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|Discussion Boards | Reviews | News | Trip Planning | Shop | Travel | Site Map
Reviews of new Disney and Touchstone films
|Alex Stroup, editor
The Village
Can M. Night Shyamalan save Disney's summer?
Friday, July 30, 2004
The Village is a Buena Vista Pictures release.
Wide theatrical release: Friday, July 30, 2004
Directed by M. Night Shyamalan.
Screenplay by M. Night Shyamalan.
Starring: Joaquin Phoenix, Bryce Dallas Howard, Adrien Brody, William Hurt, Sigourney Weaver.
Rated PG-13 for a scene of violence and frightening situations.
Running time: 120 minutes.
Alex's Rating: 7 out of 10.
Alex Stroup is a degreed librarian with an undergraduate degree in history. An avid reader, movie buff, and devoted information junkie, Alex currently lives and works in the Northern California Bay Area. Alex is also the CEO of MousePlanet.
Click here to contact Alex.
Go to: Top | Section Contents | MousePlanet Main Page
Copyright © MousePlanet® Inc. | Legal Information & Privacy Policy | About/Contact MousePlanet | Link to us
is not associated in any official way with the Walt Disney Company, its
subsidiaries, or its affiliates. The official Disney site is available
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This MousePlanet Web site provides independent news articles, commentary,
editorials, reviews, and guides primarily about the theme park resorts
of the Walt Disney Co. All information on this site is subject to change.
Please call destinations in advance to confirm the most up-to-date information.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
28 year old woman | San Luis Obispo, CA, USA | Seeking men 27-34 within 20 miles
looking for laughter
I'm a girl who likes to laugh. I have a bold and confident personality. Right now I am open to possibilities. Every day I wake up and try to be the best version of myself; I'm not always successful but I try :) I am looking for someone who is funny and can enjoy my sarcasm. I want someone who knows who he is and is excited about it. I would like to explore life more as I believe everyday has the possibility of an adventure. I also believe that some adventures involve never leaving the couch. A big part of me bettering myself involves physical activities of sorts and I would love to have someone pique my interest in new ways to have fun. I would say that I am a pretty happy lady--and when I am not I try to joke and laugh it off
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports
Aerobics, Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Other types of exercise, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Cats
I have a cat. singular. She is fat.
Very Liberal
I used to live in SLO and then I moved away for three years. I just moved back so I am reintroducing myself to the city.
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
In no particular order: Movies: Some Like it Hot, Love Actually, Se7en, Elf, and Grandma's Boy Music: Paul Simon/Simon & Garfunkel, She & Him, Mumford & Sons, Lana Del Rey, TV: HIMYM, Parks & Rec, New Girl, Homeland, Modern Family. Food: yes please
I like to go on walks (or as most people say... "hikes"...I just think that's a fancy word for walk) I love the movies and am always down to go see what's playing. I am looking for new adventures.
I just finished Mindy Kaling's Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? I enjoy reading. I am always reading two books at one time; one for work and one for pleasure.
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|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'9" (205cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|About average, Athletic and toned, Stocky
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Light brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde, Bald
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|No Way
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|Never, Social Drinker
|Other profession
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I am awesome.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Someday, Not sure, Probably not, No
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
I am culturally Jewish but don't practice.
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Bachelors in Forensic Psychology and Masters in Social Work.


text: Service excellence $2 bill now available on Saint Raphael Campus Maritza Baez, left, cafeteria aide, Food and Nutrition, recently used a service excellence $2 bill at Peet's Coffee Bar on the SRC. It was the first $2 bill Thamera Al-Haydar, cashier, and Dwayne Watkins, cafeteria aide, Food and Nutrition, had redeemed as part of the program, which has expanded to the SRC. In February, hospital managers distributed 7,225 $2 bills. That's 7,225 instances of employees being caught in the act of service excellence, helping patients, visitors or staff. That number is expected to grow now that managers are beginning to award the popular yellow bills on the Saint Raphael Campus. SRC employees who received $2 bills began redeeming them in the cafeteria and coffee shop in February. "Managers and employees are very enthusiastic about the introduction of the bills on the SRC," said Nancy Collins, director, Recruitment and Staffing, and co-chair of the Rewards and Recognition Committee. "The main benefit of this program is the recognition. It's a very visible, instant feel-good for employees." The committee introduced the $2 bills in 2007 as a way for managers to give immediate and positive reinforcement to employees for exemplary service. Employees can also ask their managers to recognize another employee or hospital leader who has been exceptionally helpful. A blue $2 service excellence bill is available for doctors to use when they see an employee providing extraordinary care for a patient, family member or a service for another employee. Each month, all redeemed $2 bills are entered into a drawing for three $100 American Express gift cards. The $2 bills can be redeemed in the cafeterias at YNHH and eateries at or near off-site locations near the main hospital campuses. Dave Wurcel, vice president, Corporate Business Services and Rewards, and Recognition Committee co-chair with Collins, noted that in 2007 managers distributed 225 of the then-new $2 bills. "This program has grown so much over the years because it's a personal way for managers to give on-the-spot recognition to an employee who is going above and beyond for patients or family members," he said. "The $2 bills are also a reminder of our commitment to providing exceptional care and service to everyone who comes to Yale-New Haven Hospital." In addition to the $2 bills, the Saint Raphael Campus has introduced the You Are Yale-New Haven cards. Employees can give a card to another employee — in their own department or another area — who has demonstrated service excellence. The employee who receives the card may submit it for a prize drawing. For information on the You Are Yale-New Haven cards, employees should visit the Employee Recognition section on the hospital intranet.


text:
Earnest India Marketing, a multinational venture start From Roorkee. An Entrepreneur, Visionary & Networker to achieve the target set for himself. He is Set Target & Vision of Company to Achieved Higher Growth in MLM Industry with Power of Products with Category of Fashion, Consumer Electronics, IT- Mobile Communication, Crockery, Jewelry, Cosmetics, Home- Furnishing, and Herbal & Health Products which are Regular Used items in every Consumer of their Daily Needs. Earnest India (Earnest India Marketing) you can achieved everything like Health, Wealth & Income to fulfill your Dreams. I wants to reach out to each and every one by providing your Regular needs and also giving you a source of income through business option by opening Online & Offline Stores under the banner of Earnest India (Earnest India Marketing). So come and be a part of the family, grow with us and enter a whole new world of fun filled earning with Earnest India (Earnest India Marketing).
Earnest India (Gigantic Infrastructure Limited) is structured as a multi-level marketing company, otherwise referred to as an 'MLM.' This structure is designed to let you be our marketing and sales force. Instead of spending thousands of dollars in standard advertising methods, we pay you to share Forever Living Products with others. This MLM structure offers you many benefits that traditional businesses can't match.
You are in charge of your own destiny. Instead of making your boss rich, all the work you do actually benefits you. You'll enjoy the freedom and flexibility of owning your business—not to mention excellent tax benefits.
Who We Are: Introducing earnestindia.in, a new effort by leading business marketing company to offer an informative website on business. With our ideas and vision we assure you to offer latest information on business. Our management team puts round the clock effort to ensure that the members of the Earnest India gets latest information on the current happenings of business. Simply register yourself to our website to receive latest information.
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text:
On 10/1/2013,
at approximately 7:16 PM, an individual reported losing her bank debit card in
the parking lot of Target in Tiger Town around (5:13 PM). The victim returned
to several stores that she had previously been to in an attempt to locate her
lost debit card. The victim said she was later contacted by Target employees
and was told her card had been located. The victim then checked the balance on
her account and realized the card had been used at Old Navy in Opelika as well
as several other businesses in the Tiger Town area to make purchases. The card
had also been attempted to be used at several other businesses however the
transactions were declined.
Investigators were able to obtain surveillance photographs of the individual
suspected of using the debit card at Old Navy in Opelika. She is described as a
heavy set white female with graying hair and an orange/red Harley Davidson
shirt. Anyone with information about the identity of the suspect is urged to
call the Opelika Police Department Investigative Services Division at (334)
705-5220 or they may remain anonymous by calling the Secret Witness Hotline at
(334) 745-8665.


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Project Architect - In…
Street Adress
ZIP Code
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I've played Need for Speed Rivals for about a solid 10 hours now.. AT LEAST... However, it is one of the most buggiest games I've ever played.. It is almost as bad as the PREVIEW build of Need for Speed Undercover that leaked for Xbox 360 Dev Kits.. If not worse.. to be honest..
The bugs I've encountered so far,
1. Car Crash.. Sometimes when I crash my car.. it will loop the crash three or four times and going against my damage meter
-Also, I have crashed into parts of the map that gets my car stuck
2. Map Going Crazy.. A few times now, the map will just randomly pick a new destination DURING an event. Usually a far off destination too, like 13 miles..
3. I discovered this one on accident.. This can serve as a tip too .. When you hit L1 to start an event, you can hit the Turbo button just right, and it will boots your car before the event actually starts.. CAUTION! This works, but can trigger the map bug.. One time when I did this, the map when back to the starting point during half way through the race..
4. Frame Drop or "slow down".. Sometimes, when there is a lot going on, it is like the game is struggling..
With that said.. the COP AI is hilarious.. You can easily trick them to jump off bridges. Also, you can easily hide in some maps if you are in a map with a jump shortcut, because most of the time the cop will either "stand still" or try to jump the ramp fail over and over..
Anyone else notice the bugs? This is from the PS4 version..


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A picture shows Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, Chairman of Kingdom Holding Company (KHC) posing with Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales (L) before a meeting at his palace in Riyadh on March 15, 2013. AFP PHOTO/ HO / KINGDOM HOLDING COMPANY
JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia: Britain's Prince Charles met the head of the world's largest Islamic grouping in the Red Sea city of Jeddah on Sunday, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation said in a statement.
OIC Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu briefed Prince Charles "on the various intra-OIC programmes and activities in support of agricultural development, food security and drought resilience," it said.
Prince Charles and his wife Camilla embarked on a regional tour last week, beginning in Jordan.
On Friday, Charles met Saudi billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal and discussed Alwaleed's investments in Britain.
He also hailed King Abdullah's decision to appoint women to the Majlis Al-Shura (Consultative Council), the English-language Arab News quoting him as calling it "a vital step toward national participation in decision making."
Saudi Arabia, an absolute monarchy, imposes stringent restrictions on women, who are banned from driving and denied the right to travel without the consent of a male guardian.
Britain's royal couple will next travel to the Sultanate of Oman.
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Blogging for all the right reasons
The day 2 keynote at MMS was focused on empowering IT, and the consumerization of IT - how can IT enable users to use at work the devices they use at home. The keynote covered new ways to manage mobile devices, easily deploy and manage software, patch and manage machines, regardless of where they are, and much more.
MMS 2011 Day 2 Keynote
Ni Hao! Wo shi Rod.