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Foreign Aid
I don't know of any country in the world where a bunch of foreigners came and developed the country. I don't know one: Japan? Korea? No! No country did that. I know about countries that developed on trade and innovation and business.
- Herman Chinery-Hesse
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Malik Fal on Aid Delaying Development
Aid tends to delay the development of business in Africa, modern business. It has kept Africa behind, or Africans behind in terms of getting the confidence they need, the experience they need to take a full part in the global economy, create businesses that compete globally and succeed globally. Aid has distorted markets in Africa. So the sooner, Africa can "graduate" from its dependence on aid, the better.More from Malik Fal
Robert Woodson on the Poverty Industrial Complex
There is a poverty industrial complex. You've got huge numbers of people who profit off our differences. You see, if you are problem oriented, you can write about the problem, you can lecture about the problem, you can consult on the problem. You can do everything but solve the problem.More from Robert Woodson
President Paul Kagame on Bad Aid vs. Good Aid
There is bad aid and there is good aid. The bad aid is that one which creates dependencies, as we've known for a long time now. But good aid is that which is targeted to create capacities in people so that they are able to live on their own activities.… In the long-term they have to depend on themselves rather than depend on aid.More from President Paul Kagame
President Paul Kagame on Dependency
Aid leads to more aid and more aid and more aid and less independence of the people that are receiving aid.More from President Paul Kagame
Kim Tan on Asian Tigers
Growing up in, in Asia, [I saw] the Asian tiger economies—that thirty, forty years ago had a lower GDP than Uganda or Kenya—transform themselves through enterprise, not through aid, not through philanthropy.More from Kim Tan
Kim Tan on the Unintended Consequences of Aid
When we come into a country and provide a whole load of aid in the form of [for instance] grant money that a small country just can't absorb, that has a whole load of unintended consequences to its economy. Or when we bring in goods that are manufactured here in the West, and unfortunately then that creates a real problem for local manufacturers and producers. It affects them in terms of their economics. So these are some of the unintended consequences.More from Kim Tan
Carl Schramm on Destructive Foreign Aid
When we think about the course of development for the last 50 years, we thought the only solution was for rich countries to give money to poor countries. That is the conclusion of Bono, for example, the rock star advances this idea, as do a number of intellectuals. That's really the position of the United Nations. Now the empirical facts, the quantitative facts, the record of history, actually operates in quite the opposite way. For 50 years, we have seen essentially the suppression of free markets and capitalism as a result of aid and the record is awfully clear that virtually all of this aid supports corruption in the political regimes… Moreover, increasingly we're understanding that this concept of just flooding a country with aid is actually destructive to the development of creative labor markets.More from Carl Schramm
Carl Schramm on Aid Applying Different Economics
The most curious part of [aid], and sort of the tragic part of this, is, the rich countries have one form of economy, and they are hell-bent on expressing a different form of economy for poor people. And I think, in many ways, implicitly, the message in our aid program is, that the poor of the world can't develop to be successful, they can't be as smart as the rich of the world. It goes to the question of the dignity of the poor. And aid in many regards, while it's terribly well meaning, the folks who advance this conception are the best of meaning people, but our record in the world is, is absolutely clear; with the best of intentions, we've often inflicted the worst of outcomes on unwitting people.More from Carl Schramm
George Ayittey on Empty U.N. Resolutions
Every decade or so, the United Nations puts together a sort of a gathering and the whole gaggle of Western donors and African government and NGOs, they gather to announce grand initiatives to pull the world's poorest continent out of its economic miasma. The pledges are made, delegates pat themselves on the back, you know, champagne glasses click, they go home, and then everybody forgets about it. Then another five years there is another conference and another summit.More from George Ayittey
Ebow Graham on Desiring the Market
The donors, we are tired of them. All those years, the aid, it has come, come, come. We are still poor… Give us the market; we will come.More from Ebow Graham
Bishop John Rucyahana on Existing vs. Living
We need only to employ a system, which allows people to live with dignity. We need to be able to stop from existing to living.More from Bishop John Rucyahana
Bishop John Rucyahana on Abandoning Aid
They perpetuate your misery by giving you a loan, make you slave… economic slave, and you also end up paying the raw materials because you are chained by the loan. So it becomes a way of colonizing the economies of the poor nations. But if the African nations today agree together to say, "No more aid. We don't want aid." I tell you, they can grow slowly, but they can grow.More from Bishop John Rucyahana
Bishop John Rucyahana on Aid vs. Production
We need to be able to move from aid to production… a sustainable production. Think for a minute and realize this for a moment: Why is it that the policies of the World Bank and IMF and the world markets business eliminate Africa from the World Market?More from Bishop John Rucyahana
Bishop John Rucyahana on Perpetuating Dependency
They want to perpetrate the poor Africans who cannot do it, be able to deal with them. It's like the money in the powerful nations. They give it to the poor… But these poor, especially where you give money, they are given a system that doesn't give work. "We give you this money, so continue to give you this money, but if you work, we stop it." In other words, you create a permanent dependency. And they truly run into that system, and they truly become dependent on the system. And their grandchildren will remember that. That is a chain of economics which Africa should shake off its shoulders.More from Bishop John Rucyahana
Michael Fairbanks on Working for the Establishment, Not the Poor
Aid, and World Bank aid and bi-lateral aid… they create a condition that's almost the old Soviet-style economics… whenever you have an aid agreement, those consultants come into the country, and they don't work for the country, they work for the foreign-aid establishment. And so what you find is that the aid establishment severs the sovereign link between the leader of a country and its people. Because you've got all these consultants running around doing their thing, purportedly to work for the people, but in reality, their masters are in Washington and Tokyo and London and Paris.More from Michael Fairbanks
Michael Fairbanks on Master-Slave
Every time you do aid to Africa, you create that parental relationship. I'm helping you. You should be guided by me because I have a bag of money. The responsibility for your future is actually on me, not on you because I have the resources to develop you. It's patron-client; it's master-slave; it's donor-recipient. It's all broken.More from Michael Fairbanks
Michael Fairbanks on the Real Benefactors of Aid
When you start to think who loses in a world where their locus of responsibility for poor nations' futures rests on the shoulders of poor nations… who loses in that argument? It's not First World consumers and taxpayers. They win. They don't have to pay for it. It's not poor nations, because they get to do their own strategy, develop their own ability, their own dignity, make their own way for better or for worse. You know who loses in that scenario? Bureaucrats. In the aid system… bureaucrats in the bi-lateral aid system, who, right now, have a lot of status, and high-paying jobs. And they get to fly around. And they get compensated extremely well. Even though sixty percent of the amount of money that the USAID spends in developing countries comes back to the U.S… The people who lose will be… are the ones who currently control the budget.More from Michael Fairbanks
Michael Fairbanks on Machiavelli
Machiavelli said, "The reason there will be no change is because the people who stand to lose from change have all the power. And the people who stand to gain from change, have none of the power. Machiavelli was describing the global aid system today.More from Michael Fairbanks
Herman Chinery-Hesse on No Country Has Developed on Aid
I have never heard of a country that developed on aid… I know about countries that developed on trade and innovation and business. I don't know of any country that got so much aid that it suddenly became a first world country. I've never heard of such a country. So the, the track is wrong, that track ends to nowhere, it leads to nowhere.More from Herman Chinery-Hesse
Marc Coleman on Foreign Aid in Ireland
It's undeniable that aid did play a role in the transition of the Irish economy from 1993 to 2007, in the form of structural funds and cohesion funds, where the aid was very, very well-targeted at building infrastructure. But the assistance, let's call it, that preceded that, the common agricultural policy, it certainly put a lot of money into the economy, but it's not necessarily clear that that money went in the right direction. And, we come back to the main qualification of globalization. You can use the same qualification for aid. If you're going to bring aid into your economy, make very, very sure that you are targeting it at the right sectors. Because if you don't do that, it can actually be extremely damaging. It can create a culture of dependency on handouts or, even worse, it can create a culture of corruption, whereby proximity to political decision-making and access to the funding that comes from aid can lead to the money going in the wrong direction. And that can stifle free enterprise, and it can stifle competitiveness, because it incentivizes people to be politically clever, rather than entrepreneurial and productive. I have huge admiration for Bono. He's one of our biggest exports. And one of the reasons Bono and U2 have been so fantastic for the Irish economy is because they went out in there, into the global free market, and they competed.More from Marc Coleman
Andreas Widmer on Aid vs. Investment
Consider this: Africa is 12% of the world's population, yet it receives 29% of all aid in the world, yet only 1.4 percent of foreign direct investment. Africa doesn't need more aid. Africa needs more investment.More from Andreas Widmer
Andreas Widmer on Big Anti-Poverty NGO's
What I've seen is you basically have these huge organizations, these huge NGOs, coming to Africa in the name of solving poverty. And what ends up happening is that all those multinational corporations that are in the aid business, in essence they are in the poverty business. And like in any other business, if poverty is your business, more poverty is more business…. The World Bank recently made a study where they said something like sixty percent of all the aid money stays in the donor country, because it goes to all of these consultants and people and this and that. Sixty percent of the entire money stays in the country that pledged it in the first place. That is not aid! That is the business of poverty.More from Andreas Widmer
Doug Seebeck on Aid Hurting Africa
A voice from Uganda, Andrew, spoke at the leadership summit last August and he followed a compassion guy on child sponsorship, and he gave a startling message. He said, he said, "Why won't you let Africa develop like you guys developed?" And he gave a powerful graph. At independence, Africa's GDP was up here and then aid was down here. And then we all jumped on the bandwagon to help all these new countries and we just poured money in there and you can watch what happened. GDP went down and at the trough, at the bottom of GDP was the peak of foreign aid, and now it's starting to come down and starting to come up, but he says, 'That has killed us.' He said, 'Please,' he said, "You see nine hundred million poor people in Africa. We see nine hundred million entrepreneurs.'More from Doug Seebeck
Doug Seebeck on Poor's Frustration with NGOs
We talk about how many trillions of dollars we've put into the poor countries with aid, but you know what… the bulk of that money is paying for workers from the U.S. or other intermediaries to do what we found out the Bengali farmers didn't need in the first place. And if you listen to the poor, to what they say … they're sick and tired of another feasibility study, another training class, which makes the NGO feel like they are the ones with the power and to give them the information. What they want is the same opportunity you and I have to succeed.More from Doug Seebeck
Doug Seebeck on NGOs Selling Poverty
NGOs sell poverty. That's how they stay in business. The NGOs ship this food aid. The United States gives subsidies to its farm industry. Not small farmers, farm industry. They get subsides, so they overproduce. Now the NGOs are shipping this aid, and you're putting farmers all over the developing world out of business. But you're also putting the U.S. small farmer out of business. And it gets bigger and bigger, and you're squeezing out free enterprise. That's not free enterprise. That's big government, big corporation welfare.More from Doug Seebeck
Eva Muraya on Converting to Trade
I do not, in today's day and age, believe that our solutions are embedded in aid. I think that we need to create markets for what entrepreneurs are producing on this continent, we need to address issues of quality, we need to address issues of packaging, we need to address issue of distribution, we need to address issues of brand building, and therein lies the solution that has often been tagged to be aid - we convert that to trade.More from Eva Muraya
Marc Coleman on Aid should assist with the preconditions for wealth
Aid doesn't make countries rich. What aid does do and should do is it assists the creation of the preconditions for wealth ... That is where aid, if properly directed, for example, by an agency like the World Bank, can make a tremendous difference to a country. It won't make the country wealthy, but it will make its population educated enough and healthy enough to enter the game of global competition. Then, I'm afraid, it's not up to aid. Then, it's up to the native genius ingenuity and hard work of the people of that country. And as Thomas Edison said, "It's actually five percent inspiration," in that case, "and ninety-five percent perspiration."More from Marc Coleman
Foreign Aid as Government Assistance
The term foreign aid may refer to any form of assistance that crosses national boundaries. In many policy discussions, including the following exposition, the term refers more specifically to government-to-government transfers of funds to developing nations. Such aid is also called official development assistance.
Promoted by celebrities, political leaders, and religious figures around the globe, foreign aid has become a popular—and controversial—subject. Proponents insist that wealthy nations have a moral duty to assist poor countries and must expand aid budgets, while critics argue that such aid is useless at best. Most analysts take up positions somewhere between unqualified approval and complete condemnation, suggesting that foreign aid can be effective in the right circumstances but is fraught with difficulties.
Table of Contents
Foreign Aid as Government Assistance
The Magnitude and Track Record of Foreign Aid
Current Debates on Foreign Aid: Jeffrey Sachs and William Easterly
The Drawbacks of Foreign Aid: Peter Bauer
Foreign Aid Misdirected
Open Trade as Aid
Direct Investment as Aid
Smart Aid
Foreign Aid in the View of the Recipients
Foreign Aid in Time of Disaster
Foreign Aid, Charity, and Almsgiving
Christian Advocacy for Foreign Aid
Foreign Aid and the Zero-Sum Game Fallacy
The Magnitude and Track Record of Foreign Aid
The total amount of foreign development aid from official sources over the last fifty years is about $2.3 trillion. About $1 trillion of that has gone to Africa; developed nations now direct roughly $50 billion per year to the continent. Despite this significant outlay, there has been little evidence to suggest that foreign aid has actually stimulated economic development. Botswana, for example, increased its per capita income thirteen fold from 1950 to 2001, while many other countries in the same region experienced static or negative economic growth. There is no difference in the amount of aid to explain this difference. Instead, Botswana's progress was more likely due to its relatively stable rule of law.
A 2008 paper for the National Bureau of Economic Research corroborates the idea that aid is not a good predictor of economic progress. It found "little robust evidence of a positive (or negative) relationship between aid inflows into a country and its economic growth."
The difference between the regions of East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa is striking in this respect. Nations such as China and South Korea have developed rapidly since 1970, while most African economies have stagnated. Yet, African countries have received far more aid than China or South Korea.
Current Debates on Foreign Aid: Jeffrey Sachs and William Easterly
Columbia University economist Jeffrey Sachs is one of the foremost proponents of development aid. While he is aware of the abuses it is prone to, he believes that foreign aid is an indispensable tool for freeing developing nations from the "poverty trap." Without aid, he argues, the poorest nations are unlikely to establish the infrastructure and institutions necessary to reach the first rung of the economic ladder and begin their climb to prosperity.
New York University economist William Easterly is a fierce critic of the aid that Sachs defends. Easterly argues that foreign aid is but the latest chapter in Western imperialism: the citizens of rich nations naively believe that they can, by their superior wealth and know-how, lift poor nations out of their poverty. Self-assured in their good intentions, donor nations are oblivious to the fact that the aid can actually stunt economic growth by perpetuating corruption and bad policy in recipient nations, even as the aid is used to manipulate developing countries in the interest of developed countries and their favored industries.
Although Sachs and Easterly disagree on many points, their work exhibits areas of consensus. For example, Sachs admits that private sector development—not government spending—is the ultimate path to economic progress. Easterly, meanwhile, concedes that government aid likely will continue, and thus he, like Sachs, proposes ways to improve the odds that it is more beneficial than harmful.
The Drawbacks of Foreign Aid: Peter Bauer
Development economist Peter Bauer (d. 2002) was one of the earliest and most vocal critics of government development aid. He presciently warned wealthy nations of the harmful effects likely to result from a robust policy of development assistance. Bauer identified several negative effects. He argued that aid would prop up dictatorships that might otherwise collapse under the weight of its own incompetence and corruption. He also observed that aid aggravated the conflict between developed and developing countries, with the latter's dependence actually increasing the sense of division between "haves" and "have-nots." He further cautioned against the tendency of developed nations to use aid to as a form of imperialism by, for instance, by placing family planning conditions on the distribution of aid. (See Population and Poverty.)
Similarly, Bauer argued that to be both effective and ethical, assistance must encourage rather than inhibit the self-determination of recipient communities. In contrast, government aid tends to be imposed in a top-down fashion. His observation on this score, as much as on the others, has proved discouragingly accurate. Instead of encouraging the rule of law and a culture of entrepreneurship, aid often has fostered harmful dependency. Dambisa Moyo, an economist and a native of Zambia, lamented in 2009 that "no serious efforts have been made to wean Africa off this debilitating drug."
Foreign Aid Misdirected
One major reason that aid often does not accomplish its intended purpose is that its method of provision permits misapplication. Although unrest, civil wars, and other conflicts are an important contributing factor in the failure of developing economies, foreign aid often supports, unwittingly, the continuation of such strife. Oxford development economist Peter Collier reports that forty percent of African military spending is financed by aid from developed nations. In 2010, a government audit found that $1 billion of United States aid money to Afghanistan had ended up in the hands of the Taliban; only 10 percent reached the suffering Afghan people whom it was intended to help.
According to corruption watchdog agency Transparency International, Zaire's President Mobutu Sese Seko (in power from 1965 to 1997) is reputed to have stolen at least $5 billion from the country—this while the nation received billions in foreign aid.
Donor nations have attempted to address these problems, without much success. Placing controls on the way aid is used within recipient countries is often ineffective. The problem is that foreign aid is fungible, meaning that even when recipient governments use aid money to fund acceptable projects, that frees up other government money to be used for less noble causes. Paul Rosenstein-Rodin, a former deputy director of the World Bank Economics Department, expressed the essence of the fungibility problem: "When the World Bank thinks it is financing an electric power station, it is really financing a brothel."
Open Trade as Aid
There is increasing consensus that developing nations can thrive long term only by participating more fully in the global marketplace. Even among economists such as Sachs who view foreign aid as a necessary spur to economic development, there is recognition that development can best be sustained if developing nations can enter global markets, suggesting that an effective way for wealthy nations to promote development in poor nations is to permit developing nations' products to compete on a level playing field. Policy measures that prop up prices or otherwise favor domestic producers, such as agricultural subsidies and import tariffs, discriminate against goods produced in the developing world. Opening the markets of developed nations to goods and services from developing nations is an approach that carries with it none of the harmful side effects of corruption and dependency that government-to-government aid entails.
This is another area in which foreign aid can be counterproductive. In a paper for the National Bureau of Economic Research, economists Raghuram G. Rajan and Arvind Subramanian observed that foreign aid inflows raise exchange rates within recipient nations, making exports less competitive and thereby inhibiting the benefits of globalization for developing nations.
Direct Investment as Aid
While African countries are flooded with aid, they suffer from a lack of foreign direct investment (investment from private companies headquartered abroad). The difference between foreign aid and foreign investment is the difference between government projects and private projects. When foreign direct investment is free from the market manipulations that often accompany foreign aid packages to developing countries, market factors rather than political factors dictate the direction of resources. A growing number of development economists are emphasizing what they see as a particularly promising but under-utilized area of foreign direct investment, which is investment in small and medium enterprises, with at least one university study showing that for every dollar invested in an emerging market SME, some $10 is generated in the local economy (See SMEs).
Standing in the way of foreign investment in many developing nations are unstable legal regimes. (See Rule of Law.) Companies are reluctant to build factories where violence is a constant threat or where the protection of property is weak. If assistance could help to build rule of law, then it could play a positive role in long-term development of local, wealth-generating businesses in emerging markets.
Smart Aid
Paul Collier book The Bottom Billion (2007) documents the persistence of poverty despite decades of significant attention and aid from the developed world. Collier identified various "traps" that keep nations locked in poverty: conflict; over-reliance on natural resources (which prevents development of domestic industry); lack of access to markets due to geographical factors; and bad governance (See Poverty Traps).
In light of these factors, Collier argues for a more sophisticated approach to aid—"smart aid." His guidelines include: targeting aid to countries with good institutions and policies, promoting reform not by placing preconditions on aid but through investment in the capacity for self-reform, funding basic services only in the most desperately needy places, and targeting aid to prevent armed conflicts.
Collier notes, however, that these guidelines themselves rely on effective implementation by development aid agencies, and yet experience suggests that "people within these agencies will not have incentives to take up these suggestions." Therefore, the first order of business is "to reconfigure the incentives of workers within the aid agencies themselves." Whether and how this can be done is thus a critical question related to the feasibility of effective government-to-government aid.
Foreign Aid in the View of the Recipients
One of the major problems with aid debates is that they take place within donor countries, and yet the voices of the citizens from developing nation citizens are frequently ignored.
In recent years, however, there has been a growing chorus of voices from the developing world speaking out against aid, arguing in some cases that it has delayed rather than promoted development.
Kenyan communications executive Michael Joseph argues that aid has failed because it is not targeted to building private enterprise. "If you look in Kenya—and we've had 40 or 50 years of aid, mostly from the European governments and NGOs—it has made very little long-term impact," he explains. "If we had put that into investing in factories, building infrastructure, creating jobs, I think we would have a much better impact than what we have today."
Foreign Aid in Time of Disaster
One question that is often raised is about the use of foreign aid during times of disaster. Even most observers critical of government aid see such aid is an exception to the rule that government assistance is usually ineffective. There are at least two reasons for this exception. First, emergency humanitarian aid is, by definition, desperately needed. People's lives are in direct and immediate peril. Second, disaster aid is by nature temporary and focused. This fact minimizes many of the dangers associated with normal development aid (e.g., the funding of massive public works projects that become pits of corruption).
Even so, it is true that emergency aid is also subject to some of the same abuses as other development aid. Bureaucratic mismanagement can lead to significant waste, for example. Political considerations rather than merit can dictate where resources are applied. Also, short term emergency aid has a way of stretching out into longer term aid that may impede development in some ways. Nonetheless, in the case of emergency relief, the benefits of aid tend to outweigh the risks.
Foreign Aid, Charity, and Almsgiving
Many people support foreign aid initiatives out of deep concern for the poor, and one can point to foreign aid initiatives that have been beneficial. At the same time, it's important to distinguish foreign aid from charitable giving and justice for the poor. Charity and almsgiving are central tenets of the Christian faith, and while smart foreign aid can have an independent value, the call to charity and almsgiving cannot be answered by government-to-government transfers or by lobbying a government to spend more GDP on foreign aid.
Some proponents of aid argue that assistance would be more effective if government aid money was funneled through private organizations. This arrangement certainly holds advantages over government-to-government aid. Private non-profit organizations often have closer relationships with local communities and can recognize need and target assistance more effectively. Non-profits are less able and less likely to channel development funds to political allies rather than the intended recipients.
But there are dangers here, too. Charitable organizations are often driven by religious or altruistic motives, but when government money is a large source of their funding, their motives can be compromised as the organization becomes a political player. Non-profits that are accountable to private donors rather than to government officials are less likely to be tied by cumbersome bureaucratic regulations and political pressures and more able to adapt to particular, local circumstances.
Nor is purely private charity without pitfalls. Churches and communities in recipient nations can become dependent on charitable giving even as governments and institutions become dependent on foreign aid (See Charitable Giving).
Nonetheless, because of its significant advantages over government aid, private charity is normally to be preferred. When in certain cases charity and assistance are needed, we need to encourage more giving of private money through churches and other voluntary organizations where there is greater accountability and more personal involvement. This approach conforms to the principle of subsidiarity and requires deeper solidarity since citizens will be using their own money to help voluntarily. (See Subsidiarity)
Christian Advocacy for Foreign Aid
Some religious organizations argue that opposing government-to-government foreign aid measures is uncaring or even immoral. They argue that there is a moral responsibility for rich nations to help the poor through aid. Even among those who agree that the moral responsibility to help the poor is central to the Gospel message, the question remains as to whether foreign aid is the best means to accomplish this end.
Foreign Aid and the Zero-Sum Game Fallacy
Many of the policies that dominate development discussions are based on an economic fallacy called the zero-sum game. This basic misunderstanding leads to serious problems. The zero-sum fallacy sees the world economy as a largely static amount of goods and resources—a fixed pie, if you will. The implication is that poor countries are poor because rich countries took such big pieces of the pie. In this view, it is naturally a requirement of justice for wealthy nations to transfer resources to poorer nations. This view tends to eclipse the fact that humans can create new wealth given that right conditions, and that poor countries that have been able to enter the global market through trade have tended to grow much faster than poor countries that are isolated from the global market. The zero-sum fallacy also tends to encourage population control thinking, since it tends to view humans as primarily consumers of the fixed pie of wealth rather than as creatures capable of creating new resources.
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Sources ↓
- Peter Boone, "Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid," European Economic Review.
- Anthony Bradley, "The Free and Easy Charity of the 'One Campaign'," Acton Commentary.
- Piero Gheddo, "Globalization and the Christian's Response," Religion and Liberty.
- Philip Booth, International Aid and Integral Human Development. Acton Institute: 2011.
- Fredrik Erixon, "Aid and Development: Will it work this time?" International Policy Network.
- James Shikwati, "The WTO and the Voice of the Poor." Acton Commentary.
- Rev. Michael Oluwatuyi, "An African Solution for Africa's Poverty," Acton Commentary.
- Akinyi June Arunga, "Letter from Nairobi: Why the world's poor are no longer willing to remain 'indigenous'."
- Rev. Gerald Zandstra, "Mr. Chibuye and the AIDS widows of Zambia," Acton Institute.
- Michael Fairbanks, Communists Are Back in Africa.
- Alberto Alesina and Beatrice Weder, "Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less ForeignAid?," American Economic Review.
- David R. Francis, "Poverty and Low Education Don't Cause Terrorism," NBER Review
- Matthew Davis, "No Evidence that Aid Stimulates Growth," NBER Digest.
- Raghuram G. Rajan and Arvind Subramanian, "What Undermines Aid's Impact on Growth," NBER Working Paper No. 11657, National Bureau of Economic Research, U.S., 2006
- Paul Collier, "Making Aid Smart: Institutional Incentives facing Donor Organizations and their Implications for Aid Effectiveness"
- Dambisa Moyo, "Why Foreign Aid is Hurting Africa," Wall Street Journal
- "Mobile Phones Achieve More Than Aid, Says Industry Chief"
- Raghuram G. Rajan & Arvind Subramanian, 2008. "Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 90(4), pages 643-665, 06.


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Palestinian Muslim worshippers pray at the al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem's old city on the first day of Eid al-Adha on October 26, 2012. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD GHARABLI
JERUSALEM: More than 50,000 Muslim worshippers flooded Al-Aqsa mosque compound in Jerusalem's Old City for prayers on Friday, the first day of Eid al-Adha or Feast of Sacrifice, Israeli police said.
"Some 50,000 attended morning prayers on the Temple Mount, and another 7,000 were there for afternoon services," police spokeswoman Luba Samri told AFP, adding that "everything went peacefully."
The Israeli army also eased restrictions on access of West Bank Palestinians on the occasion of the holiday.
"Travel and access restrictions will be eased during the holiday for the Palestinian population in the Judea and Samaria region," an army statement said referring to the West Bank.
"These measures are part of a general policy to improve the quality of life," it added.
Among other measures, the army extended opening hours of several West Bank checkpoints and granted family visitation permits, the statement read.
Israel generally does not allow West Bank and Gaza Palestinians access to Israel and east Jerusalem, occupied in 1967.
The Al-Aqsa mosque compound is referred to as the Temple Mount by Jews and Al-Haram al-Sharif by Muslims.
It houses both the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa mosques, and is venerated by Jews as the site where King Herod's temple stood before it was destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Don't Play Roulette with your Split Testing Efforts
While split or multivariate testing is an extremely powerful tool, it should not be deployed as the sole method driving improvements to your online business. If testing is applied as the only way to determine the right path forward the outcome is certain to be less successful over the long term.
At the usability professional's association a few weeks ago in Portland, I chatted with Beverly Freeman @ Ebay and she recorded the essence on the whiteboard:
My premise is that testing is much more productive when it is aimed at hypothesis testing because the cumuluative outcomes of multiple tests create a body of knowledge about your business, your users, and their interaction.
The next point in the white board is about triangulation. Analytics can provide strong statistically meaningful results, but making sure that rationalize a "why" is important.
The general pattern here is that you can identify in the usability lab or other high resolution, low volume observation scenario and quantify with testing. Alternatively, you may observe in analytics and engage with customers in lab testing or other inquiry to understand.


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Modified Mustangs & FordsFeatured Vehicles
1966 Ford Mustang - Sentimental Value
Never underestimate what a loyal owner will do
In the fall of 1965, Steve Naranjo's parents placed an order with Hoover Ford in Denver, Colorado, for a new '66 Mustang coupe. The C-code, C4-automatic-equipped Mustang was delivered with Ivy Gold and White Deluxe interior and an Ivy Green exterior. Steve's parents picked up the Pony later in November, and it served as the family's daily driver for the next six years.
"I spent countless hours as a passenger in the back seat, and learned to drive in it by guiding it around an empty parking lot at Mile High Stadium," Steve recalls. In 1972, Steve received the Mustang as his 16th birthday present. "I have been a die-hard Mustang fan ever since," Steve tells us. One would wonder why, given the condition of the car.
When Steve took possession, the Mustang had been used up and driven hard. The seat frame was broken, the C4 transmission was shot, and it needed lots of maintenance items like brakes, tires, U-joints, and more. "On a bag boy's salary at the local grocer, it wasn't so free after all."
Despite the issues at hand, Steve made the repairs, and drove the Mustang all through high school, making small hot rod upgrades here and there. Mag wheels with Mickey Thompson rubber, a dual exhaust with glasspack mufflers and air shocks to give it the rake that was in style back then--these mods were also meant to detract from a less-than-stellar repaint.
"I installed an eight-track tape deck and rear speakers," says Steve. "It made the rounds at the local cruises like the Scotchman's in north Denver and 16th Street downtown. It looked pretty good in the school parking lot, too."
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When it came time for college, Steve put the car back to stock, and it would serve him through all kinds of weather, paved and unpaved roads, and even a drunk driver who managed to jump the curb and sandwich the Mustang between Steve's roommates' cars.
"It suffered minor dings and dents along the way, and even survived an amazing storm in Ft. Collins, Colorado, with softball-sized hail in 1979," Steve recalls. After enduring the salted winter roads of upstate New York and heavy summer rains of Florida, the Mustang was really hurting. Steve and his then girlfriend, Roberta, limped the Mustang back home to Denver in 1988 during an "adventurous and frigid trip" from South Dakota where Steve was completing some doctoral work. Steve's mother occasionally drove it after that to keep it running, and Steve switched to a new daily driver.
When Steve was up for a move to Arizona, he "contemplated the Mustang's fate after all the years of loyal service." The decision was made to have it towed to his new residence in the much warmer climate of Chandler, Arizona, thinking that one day he would restore it to its former glory.
"All of the vintage autos cruising the streets of Phoenix kept me inspired," says Steve, "but thoughts of restoration came and went. I'd drive the tired Pony around the neighborhood every couple of months just to keep the battery fresh and the blood circulating, but it was clear she was very sick." In the late '90s, the engine finally threw in the towel, relegating the car to garage storage shelf status.
Now married, Steve and his wife, Roberta, welcomed their son, Nathan, into the world and family priorities were reset. Steve would eventually refuse several offers to purchase the car, deeming it was worth more than the offers.
"My lifelong love of cars, especially the old ones, finally infected my son," Steve tells us. "We would attend the Barrett-Jackson auction each year as well as any event that featured old cars--there's no shortage of those in the Phoenix area." With a growing interest in restoring the car, and no doubt some youthful enthusiasm from Nathan, Steve finally decided to go forward with it in 2006.


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Afghan candidate's demands rejected
Posted: June 30, 2014 at 3:48 a.m.
KABUL, Afghanistan -- After a potential opening last week to ease Afghanistan's political crisis, the presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah signaled Sunday that more deadlock was ahead, promising again that he would not accept any decisions made by the country's election commission after the panel rejected a list of his demands.
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|Business Home > International
Joyalukkas to open eight money exchange showrooms in Kuwait
3 August 2013
Joyalukkas hosted their brand ambassador Sherya Ghoshal at their Al Rai showroom located in Lulu Hypermarket on July 26.
The visit was a part of a special Middle East road show planned by Joyalukkas with their brand ambassador to give her a first hand experience of a couple of Joyalukkas Middle East showrooms and get her to meet and interact with the Joyalukkas customer base.
"The association with Shreya, the Princess of Melody, has been wonderful and hence we thought it would be great if we get her to the Middle East and let her experience some of our showrooms here. Also we feel it's a great idea for her to meet and greet our customers who are her big fans. This trip also commences our mission to achieve the '100 jewellery showrooms across 10 countries' milestone and the announcement of the opening of three showrooms in Panasonic Tower, Kuwait, i.e. Joyalukkas Jewellery, Joyalukkas Money Exchange and Jolly Silks," said Joy Alukkas, chairman, Joyalukkas Group.
The Joyalukkas showroom located in Lulu Hypermarket, Kuwait is currently the flagship showroom of the brand in Kuwait and is one of the favourite destinations for jewellery shoppers in the country. The showroom features over a million choices in gold, diamond, platinum, precious stone, polki, platinum and pearl. "We are associated with Shreya, thanks to her immense popularity and we thought we should use the association and give our customers and her fans an opportunity to meet her live. She received a fantastic response both is Dubai and Kuwait and thoroughly enjoyed her trip," said John Paul Joy Alukkas, executive director, Joyalukkas Group.
During Shreya Ghoshal's visit, Joyalukkas also announced mega expansion plans of their money exchange business. Joyalukkas Money Exchange will see rapid expansion during the current year with eight new outlets to be opened soon in Kuwait, four new outlets in Oman, four outlets in India and two more outlets in UAE. "The plan for Joyalukkas Money Exchange is to also make it a 100 outlet chain within the next three-four years," said Antony Jos, director, Joyalukkas Money Exchange.
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Business phone systems company Cloud Net, today announced the launch of its first mobile connectivity solution for the iPhone and iPad. The Cloud Net Mobile PBX provides users of Apple's iDevices with a full set of easy to use VoIP-for-business features, including a full hosted virtual PBX (switchboard), at clear, predictable and competitive rates.
New users of the service will be able to keep business and personal calls separate with free incoming calls to a separate geographic (01, 02 or 03) number on the same mobile device while taking advantage of low outgoing call charges (including international calling).
Existing Cloud Net Connect users will benefit from the business phone features they're familiar with, such as follow-me and hunt groups, while they are on the move. Moreover, because calls are handled over the iDevice's data connection (either Wi-Fi or 3G) there are no additional costs for incoming calls and outgoing calls are at Cloud Net's competitive VoIP call rates.
Getting started with Cloud Net Mobile PBX is simple as the company is offering a free 14 day trial*: simply register at http://www.cloudnetuk.com/14-day-trial/ and activation instructions, user name and password will be sent out. After downloading a preconfigured Cloud Net application from iTunes, and entering a user name and password, the user is instantly connected to Cloud Net's phone system over Wi-Fi or 3G.
Following the free trial, Cloud Net Mobile PBX users will be charged £5 per month for access to its VoIP switchboard and free calls between other Cloud Net users. All calls made from the iDevices by existing Cloud Net users will appear on their normal monthly bill.
The monthly cost, typical of Cloud Net's solutions, means that there are no extra call divert or call forwarding charges.
Cloud Net is also offering a no contract Mobile PBX option.
All users pay for calls made outside the Cloud Net network.
Charles Chance, MD, Cloud Net, said, "Every business has different needs and new service together with our other new offerings: Virtual Number and CLASS answering service allows our customers tailor their business phone service to their needs.
We're very excited about Cloud Net's mobile connectivity solution. Its great value and ease of installation is what customers have come to expect of our products and services. We believe it will boost productivity for those businesses and individual users constantly on the move."
"We have found that mobile contracts are not designed for calling between the office and mobiles. Forwarding desk phone calls to your mobile also adds to office phone bills. Our service will mean that your iPhone and iPad will effectively become a convenient extension of your office. We would not be surprised if more and more Cloud Net users with iPhones start ditching their desk phones as a result!" added David Hill, Chairman of Cloud Net.
Cloud Net's inclusive packages consist of:
- Internet based switchboard (PBX)
- Management portal – you can configure your system really simply online
- Free calls on Cloud Net's network – great if you have offices in different locations or remote workers
- Geographic telephone numbers
- Voice mail
- Fax boxes
- Call redirect
- Call recording
- Ring back
- Conferencing
- Caller identification
Key benefits of the Cloud Net mobile PBX:
- Take your land line number with you wherever you go
- Multiple phone numbers on one handset – split business and personal calls
- You just need your mobile device (iPhone or iPad) – no other computers or telephone equipment required
- No fixed broadband connection required (note, your handset does need access to the internet for the service to work)
- Easy to use switchboard
- Save on call costs
- Supports flexible mobile working
Cloud Net plans to extend its Smart Phone Connectivity Service to further devices in the next few months.
* There is a small one-off charge of £4.99 to download the mobile app from iTunes which Cloud Net is unable to avoid. However the company will immediately credit a trial account with the same value to cover calls made during the trial period. The credit cannot be cashed in but if users decide to continue service after the trial the balance will be transferred to a new Cloud Net account.
To find out more about Cloud Net's Mobile PBX solution, please contact email@example.com or call 01922 21 33 33.
About Cloud Net
Cloud Net supplies business phone systems and services to SMEs and start-ups. Its Cloud Net Connect system offers the advantages of no capital expenditure necessary to run a professional PBX and dramatically lower running costs. Cloud Net has developed a dedicated voice over IP (VoIP) network providing free calls within its network and cheap rate calls outside of the Cloud Net network. The company also offers CLASS, a live answering service and has introduced mobile VoIP solutions. Cloud Net is privately financed and started trading in March 2009.
Contact for media information
For more information, to review Cloud Net services or for case studies, please contact Ranbir Sahota of Vitis PR agency, on 0121 242 8048, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Danielle Cochrane
01922 21 33 33


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Interestingly, the male Song Sparrow attracts females and defends his territory through his vocalizations. He uses both his songs and aggressive actions to deter other males from entering his territory.
Found all over North America from Canada through Northern Mexico, there are 39 subspecies of Song Sparrow throughout its range.
Although the male and female Song Sparrow in a region look alike, the look differs from region to region varying in both coloring and size. For example, in the Northwest, the Song Sparrow is darker than in the Southwest.
The Song Sparrow generally reaches a length of 5-7 inches and a weight between half an ounce to a little over 1 3/4 ounces.
Interestingly, the male Song Sparrow attracts females and defends his territory through his vocalizations. He will also use aggressive actions to deter other male Song Sparrows from entering his territory.
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The Song Sparrow is found throughout North America, from Alaska and Canada southward throughout the United States and into parts of northern Mexico. There are 39 subspecies of Song Sparrow throughout its range.
Migration of the Song Sparrow usually only occurs in the areas of its range which are furthest north. They do not make large migrations nor travel long distances for the migrations.
The Song Sparrow prefers somewhat open areas covered in shrubs and thickets. It will also live in wooded areas that are not particularly dense.
If in drier regions, the Song Sparrow will live close to a source of water along the edges of streams and ponds.
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My Friend's Hot Mom Vol. 33 - On Sale!
Naughty America / Year: 2012
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DetailLength 2 hrs. 21 mins.
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Years ago I heard an odd joke that's stayed with me.
Question: How many surrealists does it take to change a light bulb?
Answer: Fish.
Occasionally when I retell that joke, I'll get an immediate laugh. Nine times out of 10, though, I get cocked heads, raised eyebrows and "Huh?" as a response.
I don't mind though. Because it's a joke that's actually more revealing than funny. So allow me to adapt it this way: How many surrealists watch FX's sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia? Swamp.
I can't recall anything I've seen on TV recently (or maybe ever) that's quite as surreal (read: horrifically insane) as this MA-rated cable series. On the surface, the show's setting feels stereotypically familiar—like a low-rent Cheers, maybe. Frank Reynolds owns and operates a grungy bar in South Philly. Orbiting around that narrative focal point are two of his grown children, Dennis and Dee, and two of their friends, Charlie and Mac.
But that's where the similarities with all things Ted Danson come to a screeching, tire-shredding halt … and the fish start to flop around in the incandescent swamp. It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia actually ends up feeling like what you'd get if you dropped the Coen brothers, the cast of Jacka‑‑, the members of Monty Python and perhaps even the Three Stooges into some kind of bizarre comedy blender. Seinfeld was a "show about nothing." But Sunny makes Seinfeld look like War and Peace by comparison.
The characters are abrasively obnoxious imbeciles—or, if you like, obnoxiously abrasive imbeciles—who traipse obnoxiously and abrasively through one extraordinarily improbable situation after another. Though Wikipedia is hardly authoritative when it comes to culture, it'd be hard to find a better description of these characters than what I found there: "They are dishonest, egotistical, selfish, greedy, unethical, lazy, arrogant and antagonistic."
OK. Maybe Time magazine's Eric Dodds found a way when he wrote, "If there's one thing that is undeniably true of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia … it's that it is perhaps the most depraved show on television. Simply put, every single character is devoid of any redeeming qualities. In fact, Mac, Dennis, Charlie, Dee and Frank are individuals so horrible and debauched that they have eluded proper analysis for years. After eight seasons and 93 episodes, it has been well-established that these are, with little question, some of the worst people we have ever seen on a television screen."
It makes Sunny unusual in the U.S. Even in our most cynical comedies, Americans like to have characters we can root for. We like to have a moral or two to embrace. The Simpsons, despite all its satire, often ends episodes with feel-good moments or an "awww." The Office, based on Britain's unremorseful and meanspirited comedy, grew kinder and gentler when it made the trip across the pond. We like our snark, like breakfast cereal, sweetened.
So forget about swamps and such, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is nothing more than the cardboard box of TV sitcoms. It's not even in the same room as the food pyramid when it comes to creating a balanced entertainment breakfast. And that means it could actually do some serious harm if ingested.
Positive Elements
Spiritual Content
Sexual Content
Violent Content
Crude or Profane Language
Drug and Alcohol Content
Other Negative Elements
Pro-social Content
Objectionable Content
Summary Advisory
Plot Summary
Christian Beliefs
Other Belief Systems
Authority Roles
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Additional Comments/Notes
Episode Reviews
"The Gang Buys a Boat"
With their combined resources—$2,500—the gang acquires what they call a "P. Diddy-style" yacht (but is in fact a run-down houseboat) where they can get drunk and seduce women. After buying the boat, Mac and Dennis head off to find some women to seduce while their friends clean up the dilapidated vessel.
Mac and Dennis talk about how taking women out to sea will make them more likely to have sex—because if they don't, the women will worry they'll be killed. We see women dressed in outfits that reveal lots of cleavage and leg.
Dee and Frank gut the boat's interior, tossing everything into the ocean before accidentally setting the boat on fire and sinking it. Barnacles from the vessel's underbelly are merrily fried and eaten. (A good metaphor for this series.) Several characters drink beer and we see a couple bottles of wine or champagne. Throughout it all, profanity flows freely. About 45 swear words include nearly 20 uses of the s-word, four or five abuses of God's name (paired with "d‑‑n") and instances of "h‑‑‑," "a‑‑hole" and "b‑‑ch." Crude slang references the male anatomy.
"The Gang Gets a New Member"
When the gang opens a time capsule, they find a picture of an acquaintance named Schmitty whom they kicked out of their group years ago. Dee finds a letter to her high school acting teacher, Mr. Meyers. The guys recruit Schmitty again, giving Charlie the boot. And Dee ends up teaching acting at her old school.
Mr. Meyers apologizes to Dee for anything inappropriate he did when she was in school, because, he says, he was drinking a lot. Dennis and Mac apologize to Schmitty for kicking him out of the group, and Schmitty demands that they get down on their knees. Schmitty also mocks the gang's loyalty and taunts Charlie. When Dee gets temperamental, the guys suggest it's because of her pregnancy. Schmitty jokes that a posh lunch is a setup for sex with him later.
Beer and wine get slugged back. Charlie does a ridiculous "butt dance" that involves pulling his pants up very tightly. Dee's shirt reveals cleavage. About 20 profanities include multiple uses of the s-word, "g‑‑d‑‑n," abuses of both Jesus' name and vulgar references to the male anatomy.
"The Gang Broke Dee"
After being abused by the gang for so long, Dee has lost hope and retreated into depression. "It's no fun unless you fight back," Frank tells her. And they encourage her to relaunch her comedy career. "You're in that sweet spot between suicidal and actually dead," Charlie says. "Most comedians actually thrive there." So she does—cracking self-depreciating jokes about how filthy her vagina is and how she can't even get a bus to hit on her.
It turns out Dee's career was staged by the gang, but in the process, Dee sleeps with a talent scout and an agent to get ahead, and opens for a comedian named Landslide (whose jokes revolve around diarrhea). She vomits into a toilet several times. More jokes are cracked about suicide (something Mac ironically says you "just don't joke about").
Dee smokes and drinks. A man lounges in his underwear. Gags involve sexual body parts, personal hygiene and other bodily functions. Characters say the s-word three times, along with "a‑‑," "b‑‑ch," "t-t" and "h‑‑‑." Jesus' name is abused twice, and God's is misused a half-dozen or more times.
Readability Age Range
Charlie Day as Charlie Kelly; Glenn Howerton as Dennis Reynolds; Rob McElhenney as Mac; Kaitlin Olson as Deandra 'Dee' Reynolds; Danny DeVito as Frank Reynolds
Record Label
Year Published
Adam R. Holz Adam R. HolzPaul Asay Paul Asay


text:
JAX researchers identify potential therapeutic target for wound healing and cancer
|Date: May 12, 2014
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Bar Harbor, Maine – A Jackson Laboratory research team led by Professor Lenny Shultz, Ph.D., reports that a protein involved in wound healing and tumor growth could be a potential therapeutic target.
In one of nature's mixed blessings, the mechanisms that work to heal cuts and wounds, rebuilding damaged cells, can also go out of control and cause cancer. But understanding those mechanisms could lead to new ways of stimulating healing in wound patients and dialing back cancerous proliferation.
iRhom2 is normally a short-lived protein that controls a cascade of events involved in wound healing as well as tumor growth. By introducing mutations in Rhbdf2, the gene that encodes the iRhom2 protein, the researchers extended the protein's duration and wound-healing power. And while the altered protein also contributed to the growth of already-present tumors, it did not trigger the spontaneous development of new tumors.
According to Shultz, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal transduction plays a major role in growth, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells. "This study demonstrates the significance of mammalian iRhoms in regulating an EGFR signaling event that promotes accelerated wound healing and triggers tumorigenesis," Shultz explains. "Given their ability to regulate EGFR signaling in parallel with metalloproteases, iRhoms can be potential therapeutic targets in impaired wound healing and cancer."
The Jackson Laboratory is an independent, nonprofit biomedical research institution and National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center based in Bar Harbor, Maine, with a facility in Sacramento, Calif., and a new genomic medicine institute in Farmington, Conn. It employs a total staff of more than 1,500.
Hosur et al.: Rhbdf2 mutations increase its protein stability and drive EGFR hyperactivation through enhanced secretion of amphiregulin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 12, 2014.
Joyce Peterson, 207-288-6058, The Jackson Laboratory
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Holly is originally from Bartlesville, Oklahoma. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the University of Oklahoma. She then moved to Colorado where she received a Doctor of Pharmacy from the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her professional interests include oncology, cardiology, and infectious disease. She hopes to complete PGY2 residency training and attain a clinical pharmacy position, becoming involved in research, publication, and precepting pharmacy students. Outside of pharmacy, Holly enjoys staying active and taking advantage of Colorado's beautiful weather and abundance of outdoor activities. She likes exploring Denver by bike and trying new restaurants with friends. Holly is excited to complete her PGY1 residency at the University of Colorado.
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Love the look and feel of this diamond ring. Sits very nicely on finger. The setting and design are unique and the diamonds sparkle beautifully. Ingeniously well crafted. Would like to see new designs from Diamonds in Silver.
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The <i>New York Times</i> once described BLK DNM's collection of androgynous street wear as designed "for the upper echelon of the invisible" — the designers, artists, and other creative types who place Lower Manhattan at the forefront of the art and fashion worlds. Headquartered in — where else? — Lower Manhattan, BLK DNM was founded in 2010 Swedish designer Johan Lindeberg: Diesel US alumnus, one-time creative director of Justin Timberlake's William Rast fashion line, and bearded-and-bespectacled visionary. The label's casual-luxurious offerings — soft leather jackets, slim-fitting denim, minimalist work wear — epitomize the "Downtown" New York City look, which goes heavy on dark colors and light on bells and whistles. Committed to his craft, Lindeberg maintains a photo blog named BLK DNM Close-up where he posts portraits of celebrities, friends, and family members modeling BLK DNM pieces in and around New York City.
Keep it cool with warm-weather must-haves from BLK DNM, WeSC, Alternative, and more.
Our favorite brands and styles from this week's sales
Lounge in style with this assortment of knitwear. Featuring a whole host of solid-colored and striped tees, tanks, and more, there are plenty of options to update your off-duty gear this season.
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Midfielder Jason Taylor has put pen to paper on a new one-year deal with Rotherham.
The 24-year-old has agreed to terms offered by manager Andy Scott in May and joins Jamie Annerson, Dale Tonge and Jamie Annerson in penning new contracts.
The deal was agreed some time ago, but Taylor has only just been able to sign.
"Jason had some things going on in close season that have been difficult for him and we understood that," Scott said.
"We are delighted he has now committed his future with us and he is another good player we can add to the squad."
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.


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Tensions high, Biden starts visit to Ukraine
Posted: April 22, 2014 at 5:07 a.m.
KIEV, Ukraine — Vice President Joe Biden on Monday began a high-profile visit to demonstrate the U.S. commitment to Ukraine and push for implementation of an international agreement aimed at de-escalating tensions even as violence continues.
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A Global Perspective: Tackling Three 'Intractable' Challenges Facing the World
Vielen Dank für Ihre freundliche Begrüßung. I'm grateful to be here at Goethe University Frankfurt at the invitation of the Bundesbank. As a former university president, I always enjoy returning to the... Show More +
Transcript of Event: Ebola: The Road to Recovery
DR. KIM: We'll get started. Welcome everyone, to this important meeting on the Ebola Response and Recovery. And we welcome those around the globe who are joining us online. You... Show More +
Transcript of Press Conference with World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and President of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma
PRESIDENT KOROMA: Welcome, sir.DR. KIM: Thank you very much for the very, very kind introduction.First, I'm here mostly to observe and to congratulate the government of Sierra Leone and President... Show More +
Remarks by World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim in Press Conference with President of Guinea Alpha Condé
First, I'd like to give my condolences to the victims of the Ebola epidemic. We're focused so much on stopping this outbreak but it's important to acknowledge the biggest tragedy – the cost of so many... Show More +
Transcript of Press Conference with World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
PRESIDENT JOHNSON SIRLEAF: We have had from you and the team, the kind of support that has been given us, made a lot of progress on our Mission 2030 and our agenda for transformation.Your support... Show More +
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim's remarks in a Press Conference with Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
I would like to congratulate the Liberian Government for their leadership in handling the emergency response to Ebola. I encourage President Johnson Sirleaf to continue working with Liberia's neighbors... Show More +
Statement by Jim Yong Kim, President, World Bank Group Following the United Nations' Chief Executives Board Meeting on Ebola
Good afternoon. I'm pleased that we had the opportunity today to bring the leaders of the United Nations system together, to assess the status of the global response to the Ebola epidemic, and to... Show More +
Statement by World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim At Joint Press Conference on Ebola with Ghanaian Vice President H.E. Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur
Good afternoon everyone. Thank you for coming. I'm very happy to be back in Accra. My last visit was almost exactly a decade ago, when I was working at the World Health Organization. Today, I have met... Show More +
Remarks by World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim at the Development Committee Press Conference
Good afternoon. We've made substantial progress at these Annual Meetings. We are using all of our assets – our knowledge, our creativity, our on-the-ground country experience, and capital – to tackle the... Show More +
Transcript of Remarks at the Event: Impact of the Ebola Crisis: A Perspective from the Countries
DR. KIM: Good morning, everybody. Thank you so much for being here at this very early hour. I want to welcome everyone, and many thanks for joining us so early for this extremely important... Show More +
Transcript of Event: "A Conversation with World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim"
JEFFREY LECKSTEIN: We are delighted to welcome the World Bank and The George Institute today for this special event. On behalf of Bloomberg L.P, I would like to extend a warm welcome to President Kim who... Show More +


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Nielsen Symphony Cycle, Brian Stokes Mitchell, Pixar in Concert and More Highlight Utah Symphony's 2013-14 Season
Music Director Thierry Fischer, Principal Pops Conductor Jerry Steichen and Associate Conductor Vladimir Kulenovic today announced the Utah Symphony's complete 2013-2014 season, in which Fischer will again conduct 12 of the 18 Masterworks performances.
Maestro Fischer will lead the orchestra through many of the season's highlights including an entire Carl Nielsen symphony cycle, a world premiere commission by American composer Andrew Norman featuring Colin Currie on percussion, an anticipated performance of Berlioz' "The Damnation of Faust" with internationally acclaimed vocalists Michael Spyres, Kate Lindsey and Roderick Williams, as well as a program commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the JFK Assassination and the 100th Anniversary of Benjamin Britten's birth.
Another season highlight will be Kulenovic conducting the Utah Symphony Special Event, Disney's "Pixar in Concert" featuring music and images from Pixar's most beloved film moments. Steichen will lead four of the five Entertainment Series performances led by Steichen and featuring artists such as Tony award-winner Brian Stokes Mitchell, Juno and Grammy-award winning fiddler Natalie MacMaster, as well as jazz trumpeter and vocalist Byron Stripling.
Principal Pops Conductor Jerry Steichen will lead the orchestra in four of the five concerts of the 2013-2014 Entertainment Series. The dynamic and popular series will feature performances with Broadway's Brian Stokes Mitchell, trumpeter and vocalist Byron Stripling swinging to holiday favorites, Juno & Grammy-award winning fiddler Natalie MacMaster, A Rodgers and Hammerstein Celebration and "The Beat Goes On!" a concert featuring hits from the baby boomer era led by guest conductor Jack Everly.
The highlights of the Utah Symphony's Family series, for ages 12-18 conducted by Associate Conductor Vladimir Kulenovic, will include a performance exploring the magic of Harry Potter, the always popular Halloween-themed concert in October (this year themed "A Superhero Halloween") and the Utah Symphony's annual Salute to Youth and All-Star Evening performances with young Utah musicians. The Lollipops Series (for ages 6-12) will be highlighted by a performance "Tyrannosaurus Sue: A Cretaceous Concerto" written for the opening of a Tyrannosaurus Rex specimen exhibit of the same name now on display at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The series will also include the yearly treat, "Here Comes Santa Claus" in December.
In addition to the annual "Messiah Sing-In," the Utah Symphony will present two special performances of Disney's "Pixar in Concert," a magical program of music and imagery from Pixar's thirteen feature films.
Utah Symphony | Utah Opera offers two social and networking organizations for classical music enthusiasts, Vivace and Cadenza.
Vivace, which will celebrate its ninth season in 2013-2014, is for young professionals looking for an enriched classical music experience. Subscribers receive discounted tickets to select Utah Symphony | Utah Opera performances, special program notes, and after-parties with guest artists and musicians catered by some of Salt Lake's best restaurants. The 2013-2014 Vivace series includes Utah Symphony performances on September 21, 2013 (Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture), November 23, 2013 (Remembering JFK), February 8, 2014 (Mozart and Shostakovich), March 8, 2014 (Dvorak's "New World" Symphony), April 19, 2014 (Mahler's Symphony No. 5) and Richard Strauss's chilling opera, "Salome," on October 8, 2013.
Cadenza, which will be in its fourth season in 2013-2014, is for those ages 55+ looking for an enriched classical music experience. Members receive similar benefits and dine together at local restaurants before select Utah Symphony | Utah Opera performances. The 2013-2014 Cadenza series includes Utah Symphony performances on September 13, 2013 (Beethoven's Triple Concerto), November 15, 2013 (Beethoven, Mozart & Nielsen), January 10, 2014 (Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 4), February 14, 2014 (Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto), April 18, 2014 (Mahler's Symphony No. 5), May 23, 2014 (Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances), and Utah Opera's performance of" Turandot" March 21, 2014.
The Utah Symphony's Finishing Touches Series will return in the 2013-2014 season with four open rehearsals. These events, which take place Fridays at 10:00 am, are a behind-the-scenes look at the orchestra during the final rehearsals. They will impress upon you the diligence and dedication that goes into each performance. They will take place on Friday, October 25, 2013 (Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 25), Friday, December 6, 2013(Schubert & Tchaikovsky), Friday, February 7, 2014 (Mozart and Shostakovich) and Friday, May 23, 2014 (Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances).
Season ticket packages are now on sale. Information on becoming a Utah Symphony season ticket holder is available by calling 801-533-NOTE (6683) or visiting www.usuo.org. Tickets to individual concerts will go on sale to the general public in August 2013.
Yan Pascal Tortelier (Oct.25-26)
Hans Graf (Dec. 6-7)
Nicholas McGegan (Jan. 4-5)
Mark Wigglesworth (Feb. 28-Mar. 1)
Mark Wigglesworth (Mar. 7-8)
Andrey Borekyko (Apr. 18-19)
Philip Setzer (Sep.13-14)
Nicola Benedetti (Nov. 8-9)
Itamar Zorman (Feb. 14-15)
Kathryn Eberle (Apr. 11-12)
David Finckel (Sep. 13-14)
Matthew Zalkind (May 23-24)
Wu Han (Sep. 13-14
Orion Weiss (Oct. 25-26)
Ronald Brautigam (Nov.15-16)
Inon Barnatan (Jan. 10-11)
Alexander Melrikov (Feb. 28-Mar. 1)
Emmanuel Pahud (Sep. 20-21)
Michael Spryes, Tenor (Sep. 27-28)
Kate Lindsey, Mezzo-Soprano (Sep. 27-28)
Roderick Williams, Bass (Sep. 27-28)
Colin Currie (Apr. 18-19)
Sep. 27-28
Nov. 30 & Dec. 1
Feb. 7-8
Mar. 28-29
Masterworks 1
Beethoven's Triple Concerto
September 13-14, 2013 | 8 PM | Abravanel Hall
Thierry Fischer, Conductor
Philip Setzer, Violin
David Finckel, Cello
Wu Han, Piano
BEETHOVEN: Egmont Overture
WAGNER: "Forest Murmurs" from Siegfried
NIELSON: Symphony No. 1
BEETHOVEN: Concerto for Violin, Cello, and Piano
Masterworks 2
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December 19, 2014
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We Three Kings composed by John Henry Hopkins Jr. - Digital Sheet Music
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By STEVEN NALLEY
The Starkville Board of Adjustments and Appeals will hear a request from Kenny Wilson to grant a setback variance for Wilson's triplex at its meeting at 4 p.m. Wednesday in City Hall's building department.
City Planner Ben Griffith said Wilson's triplex is already under construction at 604, 606 and 608 Mallory Lane, on the eastern side of the street. A city ordinance typically requires triplexes to be set back 25 feet from the street, but Wilson's triplex is only set back 21.7 feet, encroaching 3.3 feet.
"(This ordinance is in place) to have the structure set back far enough off the street to allow for parking of vehicles," Griffith said. "His surveyor started looking at it, and that's when he realized there was an encroachment in the front setback. It wasn't intentional."
Griffith said Wilson was trying to line up the front of his triplex with the sides of buildings to the triplex's north and south, which both face away from the building. Under city law, the sides of buildings do not have to be set back as far from the street as the fronts of buildings do, he said, and Wilson was not aware of this distinction until after construction had already begun.
"It's kind of (a case of) good intentions," Griffith said. "He tried to line it up to make it look more uniform."
Wilson said he does not anticipate the variance creating any parking issues, because each two-bedroom unit in the triplex has a one-car garage. Other residential buildings in the vicinity have used similar layouts without causing issues, he said. Wilson hopes the city will accept the variance without controversy, he said, because the construction process is nearly finished.
"The building is ... not complete, but the building's up," Wilson said. "We've got the roofing on it; we've got the plumbing in it. We're well into this thing."
The board of adjustments and appeals will also hold elections for its chair and vice chair, and it will review and discuss activity charts for 2010 and 2011 to prepare for an annual report to the Starkville Board of Aldermen and Starkville Mayor Parker Wiseman. Griffith said this report serves to let the mayor and aldermen review all the decisions the board of adjustments and appeals makes during each year.
"They didn't do one last year, so they're doing two years' worth," Griffith said. "The board of adjustments and appeals' opinions are final unless someone appeals to the board of aldermen, so there's items (the aldermen) don't necessarily see, whereas a body like the planning and zoning commission is a recommending body, so (every decision that commission makes) goes to the board of aldermen."


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Creative product design at it's best. There are tons of boring birdfeeders out there bring some fun into your garden and these birds bouncing (if used with a bouncy string)
Guaranteed to get the neighbors talking and the wildlife squawking, the Bungee Birdfeeder is clearly made of strong stuff, but to be precise he's a mix of 100% edible nutrition, including yellow millet in husk, red millet in husk, yellow broomcorn millet and red broomcorn millet. Think of him as man-shaped muesli for ravenous tweetie birds. Failing that, think of him as a pile of birdseed shaped like a bungee-ing bloke.
More info: Seedy Stuntman


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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boiler keeps going off/on, off/on....help!
Discussion in 'Boiler Forum' started by TonyV53, Dec 6, 2009.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do to prepare for my first visit?Please visit our First Visit instructions and bring the appropriate forms.
How can I schedule an appointment?Appointments may only be scheduled by calling our office at 407-829-8960. Please do not accept requests to schedule appointment online.
How long does it take to get in to see the doctor for a sick visit verses a physical?Once you have established as a patient with us, we strive to see sick adult patients within a 24 hour period. Sick children will be seen same day, unless you call late in the day and then we will see them the next morning. Well adult and well baby physicals can be scheduled on a first available basis.
What is your policy for canceling appointments, and can I do it online?Our office policy is that appointments that are cancelled on the same day as the appointment MAY be subject to our $35.00 cancellation fee. Patients that fail to show up for their scheduled appointment without prior notice WILL be charged $35.00. We ask that you DO NOT cancel appointments online. Please call our office to cancel any appointments, so that we are able to help you reschedule at that time.
Once I have become established as a patient with your practice can I see either doctor?No. Our doctors do not see each others patients. If you choose Dr. Ed Magee as your physician, you will NOT be able to see Dr. Kristy Magee and vice versa. This policy ensures continuity of your medical care.
Can I email questions to my doctor and will they respond to me via email?Due to the fact that no email is ever truly secure, it is not advisable and therefore you do at your own risk. If you do choose to email our doctors with personal information and/or questions, it will be noted in your medical record and you will receive a call back from a nurse or the doctor.
I get frequent sinus infections or urinary tract infections and know which medicines work for me. If I call in, do I have to make an appointment every time to see the doctor or will they call something in for me?Drs. Ed and Kristy DO NOT practice phone medicine. Although we understand it is not always convenient to come in, we feel it is not wise to treat any patients' symptoms over the phone in the event something may be missed in translations or unseen.
Which hospitals do your doctors admit patients to?Drs. Ed and Kristy have admitting privileges at Florida Hospitals and Central Florida Regional Hospital. Our doctors do not make rounds in any of the hospitals. We have designated groups of hospital doctors who will notify and update us throughout your patient stay. This allows our doctors to help coordinate the care you receive while in the hospital with the care you will need after you are discharged.
What Insurances do you accept?Due to insurances changing so often, please call to verify whether your plan is accepted or not.
Do you accept Discount Medical Plans?Yes. Our office policy is that you pay the full charge amount for your visit and/or anything else that is performed at the time of service. We will provide you with an itemized receipt that you can submit to your plan for reimbursement.
Do you accept Medicaid as a secondary to Medicare?We are not contracted with any of the Medicaid plans and are unable to get authorization from Medicaid to refer patients for any tests or to any specialist.
I have an insurance you do not take, but I'd like to pay out of pocket so I can see you?No, there are several reasons we do not allow you to do this. It is against insurance contractual regulations and due to frequent audits performed; we will not jeopardize violating our contract as providers. This also enables us to obtain authorization from your insurance when referring you to a specialist or sending you for lab work, therapy or any other tests.
Do you take Workers Comp?No, your employer has a contract with Workers Comp doctors. Contact your HR department.
Do you file Auto insurance claims?Yes, you will need to provide your Auto insurance card / policy number, accident claim number / accident report, claims mailing address, adjusters name and phone number.
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Blog, Enterprise IT - Written by Renai LeMay on Thursday, May 10, 2012 13:33 - 12 Comments
Why do Australians pay more for Office 365?
blog A great analysis piece was published on local cloud computing media outlet BoxFreeIT last month on why Australians pay more for Microsoft's Office 365 software as a service suite. It goes through various issues such as the exchange rate (and Microsoft's internal exchange rate), taxes, support, Telstra's support and sales costs, billing, the partner channels and so on.
The author of the article, Microsoft Office 365 MVP Loryan Strant, outlines his thinking on the issue further on his personal blog, The Cloud Mouth:
"Like many Microsoft partners I agree that the price of Office 365 is substantially high when compared to that of the rest of the world. I have to explain this to about 10% of prospective customers that I speak to. The difference between myself and many of the other partners "selling" Office 365 is that I can explain why the price is higher using logic and reason … and facts. How did I get these facts? I asked. They made logical sense to me."
You can find more information on Microsoft's Office 365 pricing markups last year here. The company, along with its partner Telstra, has, however, recently cut its Office 365 prices in Australia, in line with similar international cuts. I don't buy Strant's argument on this front entirely, but his thoughts do make for interesting reading in the context of the Federal Government's plans to hold an IT price hike inquiry shortly.
Image credit: Microsoft
12 Comments
I love a good "prike hike"…or perhaps that should be "price"?
I stopped reading his attempt at justification when he mentioned Microsoft using "their own internal exchange rate". Like seriously wtf.
Couldn't agree more. Explaining the price disparity through Microsoft's internal exchange rate where 1 AUD = 0.83 USD is the best evidence for price gauging Australians could ever hope to come up with.
The real question is how these "facts" "made logical sense" to anyone.
Indeed, the 'internal exchange rate' seems to be a made up figure to justify a hefty advantage in MS's favour. Even if they were hedging currencies that would be in their investment position, not on-costs to customers. The exchange rate should be roughly the same for everyone, I seriously doubt MS is getting a much worse rate than I am!
As Microsoft have an internal exchange rate, so does Oracle.
Strangely the Oracle rate is similar to MS and "fixed" at the low Aussie rate…
I like the classic 'reasons' like exchange rate and location. Exchange rate… Umm, a year of parity plus shold put that excuse to rest. Location… All these products are burnt and packaged in SE Asia, and are actually CLOSER to Australia than the US or Europe.
Other one is economies of scale, which is just as big a furphy. Send 10 of something, EoS is important. Send 100, less so. 1000, even less so, and the savings between 1000 and 10,000 is pretty much non-existant.
When it costs around $10 to burn and package a PS3 game, the transport costs per unit arent going to be large. So any savings from those economies of scale drop off very quickly. If it costs $2 per unit for 100, and $1.50 per unit for 1000, its not going to be a big savings when you hit the next tier.
So why DO we pay more? Convict tax?
I did a breakdown of the arguments presented in the original article on the BoxFree IT site. Hopefully my logic is, well, logical…
How long has that specific internal exchange rate been in play for?
OK… So it mostly boils down to this internal exchange rate eh? I think they need to review it and then tell us why similar rates aren't in place in other countries.
I buy software in places such as China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Africa, UK and they are ALL cheaper than in Australia.
I can't help feeling that Australia has shot itself in the foot when it comes to software prices.
We are supposed to be a "Clever Country", according to Paul Keating — you know, the world's best treasurer. So why don't we have our own software?
Okay, we never learnt how to write software. Or maybe our programmers saw more lucrative futures off-shore. But, how many people use (for instance) Lotus SmartSuite? I know lots of businesses use Lotus Notes, simply because it outperforms Outlook — but why tie Notes to Office?
I'm rather tired of unending complaints we're being screwed over. WE are the ones screwing ourselves, simply by refusing to pursue excellence.
I was managing a small NGO some years ago. Politically as well as for IT security, we had to separate ourselves from Microsoft, at least by refusing to use Office. Of about 25 volunteers straw-polled on our choice to use Lotus, 24 asked essentially "Where has this been all my life, where can I get it?"
BTW, Lotus SmartSuite came in at around half the price of Office, IIRC. We were also one of the very few NGOs to use VET antivirus, which was written and developed here in WA.
For a people who like to be thought of in the Lawson mould (tall, bronzed and irreverent), we really are a mob of whingers.
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Blog, Enterprise IT - Jul 5, 2014 13:53 - 0 Comments
Super funds close to dumping $250m IT revamp
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Blog, Telecommunications - Jul 5, 2014 12:12 - 0 Comments
What should the ACCC's role be in guiding infrastructure spending?
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Analysis, Industry, Internet - Jun 23, 2014 10:33 - 0 Comments
'Google Schmoogle' – how Yellow Pages got it so wrong
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- Facebook wants to hide its Australian earnings
Blog, Digital Rights - Jun 30, 2014 22:24 - 0 Comments
Will Netflix launch in Australia, or not?
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