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Tag Archives: float
The making of a Rose Magazine 'float'
So you've seen the finished product. Here's how we made our Rose Magazine page-o-flowers happen:
(Photos by Evelyn Barge / Staff)
A magazine built for you … out of flowers
So we had this crazy notion to reproduce a digitally-designed Rose Magazine page using flowers and organic material — just the way the real float builders do, in large-scale, every year.
It seemed like a tangible way of translating this year's Rose Parade theme — "A Cut Above the Rest" — onto paper (or floral foam, as it were).
It was a harebrained idea, thrown out casually one day in the newsroom, but it was fueled on by unexpected community support. Co-workers in other parts of the office started hearing about it, and they offered up encouragement. Some even volunteered to take up a decorating shift or to cut flowers or to bring us coffee.
The coffee ended up being absolutely indispensable to our team. As our editor Pia Abelgas Orense put it in her editor's note: "It took days of planning, two visits to the flower district in downtown Los Angeles, 15 solid hours of cutting and gluing flowers, several iPod playlists, and moments of intense labor tempered by bouts of giddiness brought on by exhaustion."
We also learned about the glory of Styrofoam hot-wire cutters; the absurdity of trying to keep in place hundreds of tiny, round onion seeds; and that some of our colleagues could have a second career as dazzling pro florists.
And we learned still more about the blowing of deadlines — something we thought we knew plenty about after many combined years in the newspaper and magazine biz.
At the end of it all, we produced something that seemed worth celebrating; We had breathed life into a concept. There was cheering and jumping and high-fives. It was even hard to say good-bye. The shriveling remains of our once-living Rose Magazine "float" sat for days afterward in the conference room where it had been born.
The process really shocked us into a whole new level of respect for float builders and decorators, particularly the self-built teams that operate with little to no professional assistance.
What you see here is our finished product, photographed and published on Page 12 of our winter issue as part of the magazine's index. So as to be more readable, our logo and text got a little digital assistance, but this is pretty much exactly as it looked when we wrapped our own Decoration Day.
Hope floats on the Rose Parade route
Three Rose Parade float sponsors have traditionally invited either patients, survivors or their families to be guests of honor as float riders.
Donate Life's float riders are either organ transplant recipients or
families of organ donors; the float also honors loved ones lost through
floragraphs, a wall of names and a memorial garden of roses. (The
upcoming December issue of Rose Magazine will profile some of these
City of Hope, which co-sponsors a float with the city of Duarte, honors some of its patients.
Kaiser Permanente chooses children and teens who have shown exceptional spirit in the face of adversity. Riding on the Kaiser float will be:
- Andrea Beltran, 16, Hacienda Heights: She had surgery at 5 years old to remove a three-inch cancerous tumor (ovarian teratoma). Today, she is a cross country runner on her high school's league champion team and an honor student and participates in various charities.
- Jimmy Daniel, 16, South Los Angeles: As an infant, he was diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. He hopes to become a pharmacist and has already completed classes at a junior college. He is active in student government and school plays, raises money for medical charities and participates on a junior league bowling team.
- D'rell Gist, 11, San Diego: He started taking six to eight insulin shots a day after he was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes two years ago. He continues to enjoy hiking, sailing, camping and soccer nas has trained himself to be a magician. He participates in the annual "Walk to Cure Diabetes" fundraiser.
- Morgan Heflin, 18, Los Angeles: She underwent grueling chemotherapy last year after she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease, a cancer of the lymphatic system. While she was being treated, she bonded with the other young patients at the cancer clinic and urged them to keep fighting. She plans to study to become a pediatric oncologic nurse, inspired in large part by the the care she received when was ill.
- Haley Ishimatsu, 17, Seal Beach: She competed in the 2008 Beijing Olympics diving competition, one of the few (perhaps only) U.S. Olympians with asthma. She and her partner placed fifth in the women's synchronized 10-meter platform event. She is a straight A student and wants to come a physician.
- Kirstie Quezada, 14, Corona: She was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 3 years old. She is now in remission and volunteers at American Cancer Society events to help raise funds to fight the disease. Her hero is her father, a police lieutenant, and someday she wants to be a police officer, too, so she can protect others.
- Monica Trent, 15, Simi Valley: 2009 marks the fifth year that she has been cancer-free. Throughout 26 months of chemotherapy, she maintained a 4.0 average. Now she excels at more activities, including cross country track at school. She and her family have also raised more than $80,000 for the local chapter of the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.
- Daniel Udave, 14, Los Angeles: Diagnosed with leukemia in 2007, he continues chemotherapy even though the cancer is no longer detectable. One of his care providers say he takes care of the other children having treatment at the cancer center. He plays on his high school's varsity water polo team and has been a junior lifeguard for three summers.
'A Cut Above': Tuskegee Airmen will take wing at 2010 Rose Parade
West Covina Rose Float Association held its fifth annual Evening of
Wine and Roses fundraising event with a 1940s USO theme on Saturday,
Nov. 7, at the Charisma Floats warehouse in Irwindale.
warehouse transformed into what looked like a hangar perfect for the
unveiling of the foundation's 2010 Rose Parade entry "The Tuskegee
Airmen — A Cut Above."
Many guests were all dressed up in their best 1940s inspired threads.
It was great to see many were definitely not afraid to get into the full spirit of the theme. There
were even ladies dressed up as candy/cigarette girls complete with
trays hanging from their necks. And all the music played by DJ Eric
Wolff that night was from the 40s era. He definitely did his homework.
included many local business and community members, city of West Covina
staff, commission members and dignitaries including the West Covina
police chief, mayor and city council members and Assemblyman Dr. Ed
Hernandez (57th District).
The honorees of the night the
Tuskegee Airmen, the inspiration for the float design. Some of the
Airmen will ride on the float during the New Year's Day parade.
veterans got an up close view of the mostly bare float which features
two "Red Tailed" mustang planes looking as if they are in flight with
an American Bald Eagle ready for flight following behind and two U.S.
flags flown at the back. Along the side of the float are blown up black
and white portraits of the airmen taken during their time of service
decades ago.
The men will ride in seats in the front of the float.
Even in its bare state, you could feel the great presence the float will have on the parade route.
float builder is Charisma Floats and will be decorated with flowers and
natural materials over the next few weeks by volunteers just in time
for the parade.
"All the Airmen and their family and friends
were extremely excited to see the float up close and to be part of such
a gala event," said Chris Freeland, Executive Vice President of the
Freeland said the Foundation wanted to pay tribute
to those who served in the armed forces and after much brainstorming
decided to recognize the Tuskegee Airmen for the sacrifices they made
and adversity they had to overcome while fighting for our freedom
during World War II.
"We are convinced that when our float
travels down Colorado Blvd. on January 1, those lining the parade route
will rise out of their seats and cheer for these fine men that served
honorably and with distinction, while dealing with segregation," added
"Their story goes well beyond our float, but we
cherish the opportunity to educate the community on the Airmen that
many people truly do not what they overcame and accomplished for our
The gala event served to also raise funds for the
non-profit Foundation to continue to be a part of the annual Rose
Parade tradition with this year's entry and for their scholarship
program. The event featured a 50/50 raffle and a live and silent
auction. The group also sold vintage war-time tins and various logo
items with the Foundation's 2010 theme.
"All the funds come from
donations and fundraising activities. In these tough economic times,
to see (the resident and business owner's) support is truly amazing,"
Freeland said.
This is the city's 12th entry in the parade.
the community, it is very difficult to quantify the amount of civic
pride that our volunteers have towards our participation in the Rose
Parade," said Freeland. "To represent our community in such a large
forum viewed by millions around the world, is truly rewarding to all of
Though it is still too early to tell how much was raised
during the gala event, from the look of the happy dancers swinging the
night away on the dance floor and the camaraderie shared by the airmen
and other service men present, the night seemed a success.
of the guests were excited to meet with the airmen, have a wonderful
dinner, and to see our float up close before it is decorated. This was
a very unique experience for many," said Freeland.
The dinner was catered by Picasso's Cafe in Irwindale.
was my first time time trying anything from Picasso's and their entrees
and dessert definitely satisfied. Very delicious. I'll have to try
their lunch sometime soon and blog about my experience on our sister site, Bentorama.
Airmen are definitely making their rounds for Veterans Day and in
anticipation of the 121st Annual Tournament of Roses parade. A group of
them have a planned appearance at the American Legion Post 13 in
Pasadena on Sunday, Nov. 15, and will receive commendations from the
city and Assemblyman Anthony Portantino.
(Photos by Sarah Reingewirtz and Claudia S. Palma / Staff)


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Justice Emmanuel Nkea of the Special Criminal Court in Banjul, yesterday adjourned the ongoing trial on multiple drug-related chargespressed against the ex-inspector general of the Gambia Police Force (IGP) Ensa Badjie and two other ex-top military officers, Mam Matarr Secka and Kuluteh Manneh, to 21st December 2012 for address.
The director of Public Prosecution (DPP) SH Barkun and the defence team, comprisingBorry Touray and LK Mboge will on this date file in their written addresses before the court, to be followed by the adoption of their briefs and a date to be set for judgement.
This development followed the closure of both the prosecution and defence case, which was on from 2010 yesterday, 10th December, when the last defence counsel Borry Touray announced the closure of his defence.
A total of 12 witnesses were called by the defence in the matter, while the prosecution called over 10 witnesses to support its case against the accused persons.

subset: commoncrawl


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(France 28 Mar 1861 – 24 Dec 1929)
176.5 x 180.4 cm
Another of the prolofic technicians of late nineteenth-century art, Dinet was a French-born painter-illustrator, with a penchant for attention-seeking titles and striking technical effects are exploited in 'The snake charmer', an orientalist painting that doubles as a touristic postcard. Exotic in its geo-graphical setting and sensational in its subject matter, it further trades on scale as a strategy to arrest the viewer. The figures are large and brilliantly coloured, seeming to spill into the gallery space. The charmer himself is consciously that, with a toothy smile and 'authentic' costume. Also noteworthy is the treatment of bright sunlight which Dinet translates into broad applications of impasto paint with practised, not to say formulaic, ease. No real attempt is made to create a composition. Rather, the cropped casualness of a photograph is suggested.
AGNSW Handbook, 1999.
Paris Salon, Paris/France, Purchased by the AGNSW from the Paris Salon 1890
Koudir Benchikou, Catalogue del l'oeuvre de Dinet, 1984, 194. cat.no. 144
Koudir Benchikou, La vie et l'oeuvre de Etienne Dinet, Paris, 1991. cat.no. 144
Leonce Bénédite, L'artiste, 1890, 85.
Roger Benjamin, Look, 'The Romance of Arabia - Orientalism - Delacroix to Klee', pg. 14-17, Heidelberg, Dec 1997, 15 (colour illus.), 16.
Roger Benjamin, Orientalism – Delacroix to Klee, 'The Oriental Mirage', pg. 7-31, Sydney, 1997-1998, 20, 41-43, 44 (colour illus.), 45, 129 (colour illus.), 129-30.
Tim Bonyhady, Images in opposition: Australian landscape painting 1801–1890, 'Contrasting lights', pg.135-154, Melbourne, 1985, 149.
Armand Dayot, Le Salon de 1890, 1890, 84 (illus.).
Robert Dessaix, (and so forth), Sydney, 1998, (colour illus.). The image appears between pages 232 and 233.
Jeanne Dinet Rollince, La vie de E. Dinet, 1938, 62.
R. Fernandez, Le monde illustre, 17 May 1890, 322.
Renée Free, Art Gallery of New South Wales handbook, 'European', pg. 36-56, Sydney, 1988, 48.
Maurice Hamel, Le Salon de 1890, 1890, 86 (illus.).
Janet Hawley, Good Weekend, 'Scenes from the Kaskah', pg. 24-30, Sydney, 1997, 27, 28 (colour illus.).
Ernest Hoschédé, Brelaus de salons, 1890, 225.
Bruce James, Art Gallery of New South Wales handbook, 'Western Collection: Paintings and Sculpture', pg. 17-77, Sydney, 1999, 50 (colour illus.).
Firmin Javel, L'art francais, 28 Jun 1890. cat.no. 166 (repr. en glyptographie)
Georges La Fesnetic, Revue des deux mondes, vil 3, 1890, 925.
Paul Mantz, Le Temps, 02 Jul 1890.
National Art Gallery of New South Wales, National Art Gallery of New South Wales: exhibition of continental art, Sydney, 1940. cat.no. 1
Henri Pagat, Revue francaise et samedi réunis, 1890, 97.
Lynne Thornton, The Orientalists: painter travellers, 1983.
Anna Waldmann, Renée Free and Nicholas Draffin, Salon and Académie: the charm of tradition: a catalogue of nineteenth-century European salon works, Sydney, 1984, (illus.). no catalogue numbers
Editor Unknown (Editor), An exhibition of French art at the National Art Gallery of N.S.W, Sydney, 1944. cat.no. 101
Editor Unknown (Editor), Art and Australia, 'The Art of Arthur Streeton', pg. 12, Australia, 1919, 12.
Editor Unknown (Editor), Paris Salon, Paris, 1890, 95 (illus.).
Author Unknown, Figaro, 1890, (illus.).
Art and Australia, 'Victorian favourites: a conversation - Elwyn Lynn and Lloyd Rees', pg. 49-56, Sydney, Spring 1984, 49, 52, 55.
National Art Gallery of NSW: illustrated catalogue, Sydney, 1906, (illus.). cat.no. 77
Author Unknown, L'Art et les artistes, 1909-1910, 163-172.
Salon de 1890, Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1890–1890
Paris Salon, 1890, Paris Salon, Paris, 1890–1890
Loan collections of oil paintings:
Exhibition of Continental Art, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Nov 1940–Dec 1940
An exhibition of French art at the National Art Gallery of New South Wales, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 04 Oct 1944–31 Oct 1944
Salon and Academie: the charm of tradition, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 15 Nov 1984–May 1985
Orientalism - Delacroix to Klee:


text: Head to Hotel Neeta's Inn in Lonawala for a mountain getaway. Located near the picturesque Valvan Dam, Hotel Neeta's Inn is one of the beautiful resorts in Lonawala with a long list of amenities and things to do. It's your getaway, it's your choice. Relax or fill your day with pleasant activities from morning to night.


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Category Archives: Pareve Recipes
Pumpkin Pecan Pie Recipe
A much lighter, less cloying and more natural but no less delicious version of the classic! Kiss your corn syrup goodbye (I have long since banished it) and enjoy making this filling and many other goodies with agave syrup. This recipe yields a 12 inch pie, or 2 9 inch...
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Filed under: Kosher Food, Kosher Ingredients, Kosher Natural Foods, Kosher Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Pecan Recipes, Pie recipes, Pumpkin Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Sauerkraut Cabbage Soup Recipe
I look for every excuse to use the humble cabbage, like in this cabbage soup. Talk about gastronomie sans argent, with nutrition worth its weight in gold. Cabbage and caraway have a natural affinity, and team up with the potatoes to produce this delightfully funky cabbage soup. The addition of...
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Filed under: Cabbage recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Food, Kosher Natural Foods, Kosher Recipes, Kosher Whole Foods Recipes, Low Carb Soup Recipes, Natural Foods Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Recipes, Sauerkraut Recipes, Soup Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes, Vegetarian Soup Recipes
Quick Pumpkin Peanut Butter Soup Recipe
This flavor lineup is unbeatable, and makes such a strong statement you have nothing more to do than to bring all ingredients to a boil, and blend. Be sure to use pumpkin puree, NOT pumpkin pie mix or goodness knows what other processed calamity! You might even consider making it...
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Filed under: Asian Recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Food, Kosher Natural Foods, Kosher Recipes, Kosher Whole Foods Recipes, Natural Foods Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Peanut Butter Recipes, Pumpkin Recipes, Soup Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Apricot Oat Bar Recipe
Image courtesy Annie City Kitchen Incredibly easy and wonderful! There is nothing I don't do with oats, even mudpacks and hair rinses (which of course I don't eat, or drink, respectively: Relax!) No problem whatsoever adapting this recipe to gluten-free! Apricot Oat Bar Ingredients: 3/4 cup natural margarine (health food...
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Filed under: Cookie Recipes, Dessert Recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Ingredients, Kosher Natural Foods, Kosher Recipes, Kosher Whole Foods Recipes, Low Gluten Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Spelt Baking, Spelt Desserts Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Upcoming Cooking Demo in NYC: Monday November 1st. Just the Two of US: Quick Elegant Meals
Where has all the courting time gone since the children came? Put the kids to bed, stay in tonight and enjoy a wonderful intimate dinner-and-movie that will make you look like a pro, save loads on a restaurant trip, babysitting and whatnot. You can do it, excellently and in no...
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Filed under: Cooking Demos Gift Certificates, Fish Recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Cooking Classes, Kosher Cooking Demos, Kosher Cooking Demos in New York City, Kosher Food, Kosher Recipes, Pareve Recipes
Upcoming Cooking Demo In NYC: Monday October 18th: The Good Junk: for Children Big and Small
Don't do anything rash just yet in your desire to do the right healthy thing: No you needn't kiss your favorites goodbye. You can enjoy your fast food as hearty as you like it, and right at home. So what's the secret? None other than starting out with lean choices,...
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Filed under: Dessert Recipes, Good Junk Recipes, Kosher Cooking Classes, Kosher Cooking Demos, Kosher Cooking Demos in New York City, Kosher Recipes, Lean Classics Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Moroccan Semolina (or Cornmeal) Soup Recipe. Gluten-Free Friendly
In my native Morocco this is often breakfast. It takes minutes from beginning to end, costs pennies, and it is so satisfying. I have whipped it up countless times when I needed to round out a meal in a jiffy. You can save even more time by grinding the garlic...
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Filed under: Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Food, Kosher Recipes, Moroccan Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Sephardi Recipes, Soup Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Cape Cod Cold Kugel Recipe
What's going on, have I lost my head? Who needs a cold kugel recipe? Who would even give cold kugel the right time of day? Or was I just playing with alliteration (Cape Cold Cold Kugel: Does sound catchy!)? Seriously: All of us harried people racking their brains about how...
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Filed under: Chabad Cape Cod, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Food, Kosher for Passover Recipes, Kosher Ingredients, Kosher Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Potato recipes, Vegetarian Recipes
Salmon Roulade with Tehina Sauce Recipe
Not nearly as complicated as the finished dish would suggest. My mother likes to joke that the gauze-wrapped fish looks like it just came out of the operating room, but there will be no hint of this alarming association at the table, as you will have removed all the patient's...
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Filed under: Fish Recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Kosher Fish Recipes, Kosher Food, Kosher Ingredients, Kosher Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Sephardi Recipes, Tehina Recipes, Tehina Sauce Recipes
Date Power Bars Recipe
Have you ever taken the time to read the ingredient list in some commercial brands of power bars? I am sorry to say they are not the healthy snacks they are cracked up to be. By contrast, just look at this lineup of ingredients: Why even bother shopping for snacks, if...
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Filed under: Breaking The Fast Recipes, Date Bar Recipes, Date Nut Bar Recipes, Dessert Recipes, Gluten Free Recipes, Moroccan Dessert Recipes, Orange Flower Water Recipes, Pareve Recipes, Power Bar Recipes, Sephardi Recipes, Vegetarian Recipes


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Virilio, Paul
Virilio, Paul. (trans. Mark Polizzotti) Speed and Politics: An Essay on Dromology. Semiotext(e): New York, 1986.Paul Virilio asks the question: If the world is run by the engine of capitalism, then why is it that it continuing acceleration has not stopped at the limit of the realization of capital? His answer is that it is because what drives our technocratic society is not capitalism but militarism, the dromological state, the state of movement.
From this perspective, revolution is the first form of mass transit and the city is a "human dwelling place penetrated by channels of rapid communication" [p.5]. In this world, the engineer is the high priest, his current role a thinly veiled version of the original militaristic meaning of the term. The engineer overlays geometries of circulation onto nature and seeks to structure human geography for the optimum of control. Technology has freed us from the bounds of immobility and bound us instead by a dictatorship of movement. In this dromological imperative, the vehicle is far more important than the message it delivers.
This process, in its modern form, he describes as a combination of the ideal of the medieval fortified city with the ideal of Reason. Reason has moved the seat of power from the human soul to the process of Reason and has thereby transformed all bodies to technical bodies, subjected to the force of reason. This is, in his opinion, the very basis of Fascism, which is "one of the most accomplished cultural, political and social revolutions of the dromocratic West" [p.117], and therefore not likely to go away.
The hazard of this fixation on speed is that has structured the world to function in a constant state of crisis, an unending cold war of environmental and economic exploitation. Speed is making hot wars increasingly impractical. If it is over in an hour and everyone loses, then the only way left to fight a war is through economic and environmental attrition, to see who collapses first. In this sense, the book predicts the fall of the Soviet Union a decade before the event (the French edition was published in 1977). The culture that develops out of this permenant state of crisis is a culture that is fixated on security; security and speed: who can protect theselves best and fastest. The result is a war waged in time instead of in distance. The physical world ceases to be the battle field and instead the battle becomes one of ideologies and economics and speed. "All that counts is the speed of the moving body and the undetectability of its path" [p.135]. Humanity and the environment cease to be relevant in the face of a war that has no material component and can function better without one.
The book should be read by anyone who is interested in the built environment and the nature of its structure. For Paul Virilio, the modern built environment is a product of the militaristic, dromological state, where speed is progress and everything else is the spoils of war.
Some salient quotes:
The revolutionary contingent attains its ideal form not in the place of production, but in the street, where for a moment it stops being a cog in the technical machine and itself becomes a motor (machine of attack), on other words, a producer of speed. [p.3]
Bourgeois power is military even more than economic, but it relates most directly to the occult permanence of the state of siege, to the appearance of fortified towns. [p.11]
... revolution is movement, but movement is not revolution. [p.18]
The man in the battlefield has no safety, it seems, other than in a suicidal entrance into the very trajectory of the speed of the engines. [p.22]
... violence can be reduces to nothing but movement. [p.38]
The right to the sea creates the right to the road of modern States, which through this become totalitarian States. [p.45]
The reduction of distances has become a strategic reality bearing incalculable economic and political consequences, since it corresponds to the negation of space. [p.133]
In this precarious fiction speed would suddenly become a destiny, a force of progress, in other words a "civilization" in which each speed would be something of a "religion" in time. [p.141]
... the more speed increases, the faster freedom decreases. [p.142]
Copyright 2000 -- Peter L. Kantor [firstname.lastname@example.com]


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Early detection.
Accurate diagnosis.
Proper treatment.
If you are wondering how the Affordable Care Act will affect you and your healthcare needs as the key components of the law take effect in 2014, here are several helpful fact sheets from healthcare.gov:
The Affordable Care Act and African Americans
The Affordable Care Act for Americans with DisabilitiesThe Affordable Care Act and Asian American and Pacific Islanders
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5/19/2015 » 9/8/2015WomenHeart of Dallas
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5/7/2015WomenHeart co-hosts event with Coalition for Clinical Trials Awareness at Quintiles
5/6/2015WomenHeart praises the introduction of the Research for All Act of 2015


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...from south houston
Hi and welcome to the forum from North Central Texas - I think your gonna like it here.
Welcome to the forum!
If you haven't already done so, please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the Forum Guidelines
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I've messed with this but can't figure out what IBL Compat Specularity does - can anybody fill me in?
The mist is rising and I'm told that means Horo is about to appear from the heavens.
dan whiteside - 07 December 2012 07:31 AMI've messed with this but can't figure out what IBL Compat Specularity does - can anybody fill me in?
In Bryce 6.1/6.3 IBL, specularity was connected to HDRI Effect. With Bryce 7.x, we got a separate specularity control. The option Apply to light source next to Intensity makes it Bryce 61/6.3 compatible because HDRI Effect was coupled to Intensity. This was a bit confusing because you could not adjust the backdrop brightness without adjusting HDRI Effect.
Compat (ible) Specularity does only properly work if the Intensity option Apply to light source is also enabled (it is only then compatible to Bryce 6.1/6.3). Intensity not only controls the backdrop brightness if this option is enabled, it acts also as a multiplier for HDRI Effect and Specularity. I tried to compile those light thingies into a PDF (500 KB).
** [ Stuff by David Brinnen and myself ] ** [ My DAZ 3D Gallery ] ** [ My Website ] ** OPC 4565 **
Ah, that explains it quite well and why I didn't see any effect. As always, thanks for your sage advice (and your rising from the mist)!


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Dancing Animal of the Week – Gummi Bear
OK. They're not real, but they ARE real tasty. Gummi Bears are good and they make cool music, too. These Gummis dance, sing and even play the Tuba. So rock out to the Gummi Bear song in this small series that will come out every Saturday.


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March 10, 1992
You were appointed to represent some minor children who were the victims of rape and sexual abuse in connection with criminal charges against the perpetrator. Both the defendants in the criminal action were consisted of some form of prohibited sexual conduct regarding the victims. At sometime after you were appointed to represent the children by the circuit court, the parents of the children retained you to represent the children and one of the parents for the purpose of recovering damages arising out of the sexual contact and rape cases.
Question: You asked, whether or not your representation of the minor children in the criminal action creates a conflict of interest for you in representing them and a parent in a civil action arising out of the same facts and circumstances?
It is the opinion of the Committee that the prohibition discussed in State v. Basham, 170 NW2d 238 (SD 1969), relates to the prosecution of a driving under the influence case. In that case, there was an automobile collision. After the prosecutor had successfully represented the state in the prosecution of the driving under the influence charge, he attempted to represent the individuals who were injured in the collision in a civil case against the drunken driver.
Clearly, the Basham case is not applicable to your circumstance since you did not prosecute the criminal cases. It is the further opinion of the Committee that you have properly reviewed Rules 1.7, 1.8 and especially 1.9 in your analysis of your situation.
Therefore, it is the conclusion of the Committee that vou have no conflict of interest in representing the child victims and one of their parents in civil litigation arising out of the criminal case in your fact situation.
Michael S. McKnight
Chair, Ethics Committee


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""How many leaders actively seek out and encourage views alien and at odds with their own? All too few...Who in your organization serves as your Challenger In Chief? Interrogating the choices you are considering making? Making you consider the uncontemplated, the unimaginable and that which contradicts or refutes your position? And also challenging you?""
Up Front
Issy Sharp, the founder of the Four Seasons hotel conglomerate and this issue's cover subject, considers private aviation an essential business tool. He says it represents "true luxury" because of the time it saves him and the quiet, uninterrupted work space it provides. I fully agree, though I confess I might settle for an airliner if it were headed for the Four Seasons Resort in Bora Bora in the dead of a New York winter.
Sharp, who lost his 17-year-old son to cancer in 1978, is involved with multiple charities, but his most personal connection is with the Terry Fox Foundation for cancer research. He says his parents taught him that "you have to support others no matter what you've got."
With that in mind, I'd like to call your attention to charities related to last December's shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. We were especially impacted by that tragedy here at BJT because our publishing offices are in a neighboring town. Several members of our team live in Newtown—some have been there for several generations—and have young children in that school district. As is always the case with horrific events, the world moves on and the headlines fade. But the community of Newtown will continue to struggle for a long time.
On page 13 we spotlight a charity called Benjamin's Lighthouse for Newtown's Children, which provides the town's young people with tools to create a nonviolent and caring culture. Two additional resources we recommend for those who want to help are the United Way of Western Connecticut, which has created the Sandy Hook School Support Fund, and the Newtown Rotary Sandy Hook School Fund.
The elegant words of Issy Sharp—which have stayed with me since I first read our cover story— make me think of the nation's response to Sandy Hook: "Mankind shares a deeply rooted, instinctive moral sense, and the ethic of mutual responsibility, caring and sharing—the goodwill sometimes known as brotherly love—is as universal as selfishness and hate."
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Dakar — The Central African Republic's (CAR) rebel leader-turned-interim president, Michel Djotodia, said late Monday that "security has returned' to much of the CAR despite continued reports of disappearances, theft and other alleged abuses against civilians by rebels and other armed groups.
Interim CAR president Michel Djotodia visited Burkina Faso Monday to request the support of Burkinabe president and regional powerbroker, Blaise Compaore.
Djotodia led the Seleka rebel coalition that toppled CAR's government on March 24. On Monday, he dismissed media reports of "rampant insecurity in the country."
He said he does not know what is behind these reports of insecurity. He said the capital, Bangui, is calm now. He said the "big problem" that remains is the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which he said is still active in the far northeast and east of the CAR. He said the government supports the efforts by the international community to fight the LRA.
However, residents of the capital give a different story, saying Seleka fighters continue to commit abuses against civilians, nearly four months after the rebel takeover.
A woman said Seleka fighters took her younger brother and the driver of the car he was in on a road heading out of Bangui on Sunday.
She said the Seleka searched the passenger's bags and found 300 t-shirts for the ousted president, Francois Bozize. She said the Seleka took the two men to a military camp. She said she has looked but she has not been able to find her brother at the camp or other parts of the city.
Human Rights Watch said it has documented raids by Seleka fighters and other armed groups against villages in the rural areas outside Bangui as recently as June.
Rebel leaders have struggled to control their fighters. Authorities began officially disarming rebels in the capital on July 1st.
A VOA reporter in Bangui has seen several fighters giving up their weapons. However authorities have declined to comment on how many fighters have been disarmed so far.
As many as 200,000 people have fled their homes in the CAR since December when the Seleka rebellion began in the north.
Humanitarian groups say cases of malnutrition and malaria are on the rise, but security concerns and logistical issues make it difficult to access affected populations outside the capital.
Jose Richard Pouambi contributed reporting from Bangui. Zoumana Wonogo contributed reporting from Ouagadougou.


text: NSA surveillance story based on Snowden's leaks last month. In his latest scoop, Greenwald has revealed the NSA has systematically tapped into Brazil's telecommunication network and indiscriminately intercepted, collected and stored the email and telephone records of millions of Brazilians for years. "The U.S. government has been its own worst enemy in this entire episode," Greenwald says. "The idea they would pressure their European allies to block the plane carrying a president of a sovereign state is a really radical and extreme act. It smacks of rogue nation status and the kind of imperialism and colonialism that Latin America has long chafed at. I think that's the reason you're seeing so much support for Snowden in Latin American governments and among the populations as well."


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photographing the 4th of July fireworks display, New York
Braving the crowds (and insane traffic) in Hoboken tonight, I had a good view of magnificent 4th of July fireworks display on the Hudson River. From this viewpoint, Manhattan is to my right, and barely visible on the edge of the frame. I wanted to include the reflections in the water as well, since the surreal blend of colors helped anchor the intricate fireworks. The photography technique was simple enough – a slow shutter speed, a low ISO … and a tripod and remote release for the camera.
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Leaders of the Hamas-run Gaza Strip announced a ban on July 18 forbidding women from smoking hookahs (water-pipes) in public places, deeming the practice "immodest".
Hamas has controlled the small Palestinian territory under Israeli embargo since June 2007, but began implementing stricter rules in public places since the second Intifada, in 2000. Alcohol consumption was strictly forbidden, many movie theatres were shut down. The water-pipe ban, however, has sparked a ripple of discontent among the population: hookah-smoking is a deeply engrained practice in Palestinian tradition.
Hakeep Bashir is a student in the Gaza strip.
Of course the law restricts women's freedom. In the summer, sitting with a water-pipe by the sea is one of the rare pleasures afforded to Gaza citizens. But very few women smoked hookahs in public anyways. Most women were too poor to afford sitting at a café terrace anyway. I don't think the majority of women in Gaza feel directly concerned by this decision – it mainly affects a handful of "liberated" or foreign women who will no longer be able to smoke hookahs with men. "
Asma Shaker is a Gaza-based journalist.
I wonder if they can smoke in the new shopping mall that just opened in Gaza?


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The Wynne Police Department is divided into two divisions: Criminal Investigation and Patrol.
The criminal investigation division is comprised of one leiutenant, one detective and one CID secretary. The detectives are on call 24 hours a day.
The patrol division is comprised of three sergeants and nine patrol officers who are supervised by a lieutenant.
The City has an agreement with Wynne Public Schools to provide a school resource officer to the school system during the school term. This officer works daily on the school's campuses when school is in session.
The Police Department is located at 206 South Falls. Office hours are Monday through Friday from 8:00 AM until 5:00 PM. The phone number is 238-8718 and the fax number is 238-4055.
Police reports can obtained from the Police Department after 2 working days of the incident at a cost of $5.00. Accident reports can obtained from the Police Department or online at www.crashdocs.org/ar-cityofwynne after 5 working days of the accident at a cost of $10.00.
The WPD website is http://www.wynnepd.com.


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Keene Creek Dam
Keene Creek Dam is a 78-foot-high, 558-foot-long zoned earthfill embankment dam located 16 miles east of Ashland, Oregon, on Keene Creek. Behind the dam is the Keene Creek Reservoir with a total capacity of 390 acre-feet (active 260 acre-feet), which has sufficient water for the weekly cycle of powerplant operation for peaking power production of Green Springs Powerplant. The purpose of Keene Creek Dam is to reregulate releases from Howard Prairie and Hyatt Reservoirs to provide forebay pondage for Green Springs Powerplant.
The Keene Creek Dam and Reservoir are located in the Western Cascade geotectonic province of the Cascade Range on the West Side of that volcanic mountain belt. The project is in the easternmost part of the Western Cascades, which is characterized lithologically by slightly deformed and partly altered andesitic and bastalic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of mid Tertiary age and physiographically by a deeply-eroded mature. Topography with deep canyons and fairly strong development of cuesta-type ridges expressive of the easterly dip of 10 to 20 degrees of the volcanic strata. This volcanic sequence has a thickness of 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Structurally it is complicated by intrusives and faulting and folding as well as the eastward tilting. Within one mile west of the project High Cascade geotectonic province forms the highest part of the Cascade Range. It is characterized by late Tertiary to Holocene volcanism, which is represented locally by the lower slopes of the Chinquapin Mountain. This volcano of probable Pleistocene age has a peak elevation of 6106 feet, is 2.5 miles northwest of the dam and lies several miles west of the main chain of volcanoes. Crater Lake which erupted about 6,000 years ago is 60 miles to the north. The closest Holocene volcanism is believed to have been at Mount Macloughlin, about 22 miles to the north. Pleistocene glaciation in the Cascade Range did not extend south of Mount Macloughlin, but the effects of wetter climate appears to be expressed in the deep weathering alteration of the volcanic bedrock, steep-sided valleys and landslides in the Western Cascades.
|Facilities in Pacific Northwest | Pacific Northwest Home Page
|Rogue River Basin
|Dam Type
|Zoned Earthfill
|Keene Creek
|Keene Creek
|Original Construction
|Modified Construction
|National ID Number
|Hydrologic Unit Code
|Structural Height
|78.0 ft
|Hydraulic Height (Normal Operating Depth at Dam)
|67.0 ft
|Top Parapet (Elevation)
|Spillway Crest Elevation
|4407.0 ft
|Crest Elevation
|4412.5 ft
|Crest Length
|558.0 ft
|Crest Width
|Base Width
|Volume of Dam Construction Materials
|Streambed at Dam Axis
|Top of Exclusive Flood Control Pool (Elevation)
|Top of Joint Use Pool (Elevation)
|Top of Active Conservation Pool (Elevation)
|4403.5 ft
|Top of Inactive Conservation Pool (Elevation)
|4378.0 ft
|Top of Dead Storage Pool (Elevation)
|4371.5 ft
|Total Water Storage at Elevation
|260 ac-ft
|Maximum Water Surface Elevation
|Normal Water Surface Elevation
|4403.5 ft
|Spillway Type
|Auxiliary Spillway
|Spillway Capacity at Elevation
|2,650 cfs at 4407.0 ft
|Auxiliary Spillway Capacity at Elevation
|Uncontrolled Spillway Capacity at Elevation
|Outlet Works Capacity at Elevation
|190.0 cfs outlet to Green Springs Powerplant
|Diversion Capacity at Elevation
|Drainage Area
|Hydrometeorological Report (HMR)
|Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Report


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Pretty Little Liars
Pretty Little Liars Season 2, Episode 24 Recap: Aria & Ezra Have Sex, Jenna Can See!
Oh say, can you see? In this week's episode of Pretty Little Liars (Season 2, Episode 24: "If These Dolls Could Talk"), we meet the creepiest little boy since The Shining; Jenna (Tammin Sursok) kills more flies than frogs do; and Aria (Lucy Hale) gives Mr. Fitz something that's way better than an apple.
Wherein Aria and Ezra (Finally!) Find a Way to Ease Some Tension
Seriously — how patient has Ezra (Ian Harding) been in terms of waiting for sex with Aria? (Translation: How blue have the poor guy's balls gotten over the past 1.5 years? We're thinking they were close to the shade of Smurf skin by now.) It feels like Ezra had to wait longer than Steve Carrell did in The 40-Year-Old Virgin.
Regardless, the moment in which Ezra and Aria finally "get busy" was as passionate and smokin' hot as we would have hoped. (Good thing Aria was wearing her sexy lace cami and not a pair of granny panties.) But we only wish that happier news had been the reason for their, um, "horizontal merger." After Aria threatens to go public with her dad's affair (oh, snap!), Ezra learns that he's getting the axe from Hollis, which might mean leaving Rosewood. Gasp!
Basically, Rosewood without Ezra is like an ice cream truck that only sells popsicles made from real fruit juice. (In other words, it just ain't the same.) And speaking of ice cream, maybe if Aria does get shipped off to Vermont, she can pick us up some Ben and Jerry's from the source? Thanks a bunch, Aria!
Wherein Emily Realizes That Nobody Likes a Tattletale
Remember how Maya (Bianca Lawson) and Emily (Shay Mitchell) seemed perfect for each other only a matter of weeks ago? So much for that! After we see that snarky text that Maya sends Em, we realize that this is probably the fastest that a couple has ever fallen apart in the history of couples (or at least for a couple that didn't involve someone with the last name of Kardashian).
Wherein Ali Drops By Spencer's Place for a Chat... And a Pill (Or Five)
Alison (Sasha Pieterse) is back from the dead, like Bill Cosby in Ghost Dad! Well, sorta... more on that in a minute. (And we apologize for bringing up bad memories of a terrible film like Ghost Dad.)
But we hope Spencer (Troian Bellisario) isn't expecting a thank-you note from Ali for those pain pills that she swiped, since Ali doesn't strike us as the thank-you-note type. And let's get this straight: Ali doesn't close doors or put lids back on bottles? Uh, is she a four-year-old? (If only someone could invent a medicine bottle that was Ali-proof.)
Leave it to Spencer to figure out that Ali and "A" were communicating via the classified ad in the paper, and that they had planned to meet at 235 Spruce St. But what did that mean, since there is no 235? And does anyone actually use the classified ads in the newspaper anymore? (Ever heard of Craigslist, Ali?)
Instead, the address just gets the girls close to the creepy doll hospital again, where they meet a sassy older woman and a grandson, a clairvoyant candy-lover named "Baby Seth" who said Vivian was looking for that voodoo doll, and that a man and a non-blind woman with dark hair wanted to hurt her. And hear we thought that the Sixth Sense kid was the creepiest little boy ever. (And a note to Seth: Next time, how about asking for a lollipop for us, too?)
And why is it that Melissa (Torrey DeVitto) just gets more and more suspicious? What was in that heavy box that she and Garrett were carrying? Plus, we have one word to describe Melissa kissing Garrett (Yani Gellman), and that word is "vomitous." Seriously — Melissa is worse at picking guys than Rihanna is.
Wherein Hanna Provides Caleb With a New Meaning of the Phrase, "The Kiss of Death"
Remember when Al Gore gave his wife a really long kiss at the Democratic National Convention in 2000, and it was kind of like watching two robots pretending to be human? Well, we always thought that was the Most Awkward Kiss Ever, but it looks like we have a new contender! In fact, this week's kiss between Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and Mona (Janel Parrish) was so frigid that it caused nearby birds to start migrating south.
But it looks as though the kiss fooled at least one person, since Hanna indeed receives a text from "A," informing her that Caleb is kissing her BFF. However, was Melissa really the guilty texter, as Hanna assumed? And by the way, for those of you keeping track, Caleb and Mona's kiss in the car was PLL's "Car Make-Out Session #2,376."
In other words, this show needs to find some new places besides cars for people to make out. Why not try other modes of transportation? (Like, "Did you see Caleb and Mona hooking up in that hot-air balloon?," or "Can you believe Garrett and Melissa were totally going at it in his blimp?")
Hanna cracked us up when she oh-so-subtly asks Jenna, "Can you see or not?" But that was the million-dollar question this week, since Jenna apparently lied to Tob (Keegan Allen) and the girls by claiming that she couldn't see when she could. What we want to know is: Has she been able to see all along? And the other thing we want to know is: What does she plan to do with all those designer sunglasses of hers? Because if they're up for grabs, then we totally call dibs!
- Talk about a clue-packed and eye-opening (get it — "eye-opening"?) episode! It's hard to say what the biggest clue was, but for our money, we'll go with the fact that Ali is still alive (or has a still-living twin) and visited Spencer, in addition to previous visits to Hanna (in the hospital bed) and Emily (near the barn). But Alison's quote about Yahtzee made us wonder how often she would ever sit down and play board games. (We're thinking not that often.)
- Ali tell Spence that she's getting "warmer" and that she shouldn't miss what's "parked" right in front of her. This "parked" comment seems to refer to something that's still in that bag of Ali's stuff. But could it also be a car reference, as in someone who is sometimes parked in a car who is up to something, like Garrett or Melissa? C'mon, Ali — we need more info than that!
- Perhaps the biggest shocker of the night was the revelation that Jenna can in fact see, and that she doesn't even need to wear one of those weird visor things that LeVar Burton's blind character wore on Star Trek: The Next Generation. Presumably, her surgery worked, although we wonder whether she's been able to see all this time. Either way, it's hard to know which thing Jenna hates more, Ali or flies.
- Jenna tells the girls that she isn't the one that they need to be afraid of, and the girls wonder if she means Melissa or Garrett. It's really hard to make much sense of this comment, although given how sinister Jenna was in lying about her vision and pretending to not know that the paper she gave Toby was "page 5" of the autopsy report, we're thinking Jenna herself is worth fearing.
- The third-biggest shocker (the shockers just kept coming!) was Garrett getting arrested for Ali's murder and being asked to hand in his weapon. It doesn't appear that Garrett has gotten in trouble for the fire at Jason's place last week, despite a badge being left at the house, but rather Jenna has gotten him busted with that autopsy page. What could have happened between Jenna and Garrett that caused her to rat him out like this?
- We doubt Melissa is "A," since that's too obvious, but it's still hard not to side with Hanna in that regard. Has Melissa really seen incriminating videos of the girls, or was she just bluffing to keep Spencer from sharing that "murder video" with the (actual) police? And we say the "actual police" because someone like Officer Reynolds is about as legitimate a cop as, say, a stripper who's hired to dressed as a cop at a bachelorette party. (And just so you're not confused at any future parties, we don't think that someone can actually be arrested for being "dangerously sexy.")
- We continue to feel uneasy about Mona, as the show reminds us again this week that Mona knows a thing or two about cell phones. And it's a little strange that Mona is getting texts from "A" but Hanna isn't, causing us to wonder if Mona is sending them to herself as a bluff. Then again, "A" works in mysterious ways.
- If Mona is indeed "A," it would make sense that she'd be trying to break up Hanna and Caleb, since she's been jealous of Caleb since Day One. And it's entirely possible that Mona waited until no one was looking and then texted Hanna as "A" about that kiss with Caleb, in order to make it seem like Melissa was the one who sent that text. (Um, the next time Hanna needs someone to kiss Caleb, can we volunteer? Pretty please?)
- Of course, anytime that "A" tries to break up Hanna and Caleb, we can't help but think that Lucas is somehow involved. Lucas hasn't been around lately, but that doesn't mean he's off the hook that easily.
- Are we to believe that the little creepster named Seth can actually see the future, or was he just being bribed to tell the girls that it was a man and a not-blind woman who were after Ali? Then again, given that Jenna is no longer blind, we suppose she could also be the "woman" whom Seth is describing. Now, if only everyone on this show could be bought off with giant lollies.
Other Things That Need To Be Discussed:
- Is there a cheesier song to have playing during your "first time" than Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game"? We doubt it, although this version by Gemma Hayes was indeed lovely (which slightly made up for the sleazy song choice).
- We're frankly not sure what the girls were thinking when they got to that doll hospital at night when it was closed, and yet they still pushed the door open and snuck in. Haven't they seen enough horror movies to know that sneaking into dark, abandoned buildings is a major no-no?
- How messed-up was that bloody Ali doll that kept saying, "Follow me, end up like me"? Back when we were kids, the worst thing that dolls ever did was provide girls with unhealthy body images. Ah, the good old days. (And yes, we're still bitter about you, Barbie.)
- But seriously, how good was this episode?! We cannot freakin' wait for next week's! In the meantime, who's up for some Yahtzee?
Watch the Pretty Little Liars Season 2 finale on Monday at 8 pm ET/PT on ABC Family.
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Assembly Required
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Around 1.2 million people aged 15 and over, or just over 5 percent of the adult population, are living with HIV in Tanzania. 1 Although this number has recently fallen slightly, the epidemic's severity differs widely from region to region, with some regions reporting an HIV prevalence of less than 2 percent (Arusha) and others as high as 16 percent (Iringa). 2 An estimated 100,000 Tanzanians were newly infected with HIV in 2009, that is around 275 new infections every day. In the same year, 86,000 Tanzanians died from AIDS. 3
The AIDS epidemic on Tanzania mainland is described as generalised, meaning it affects all sectors of the population. Heterosexual sex accounts for the majority of infections (80 percent) on Tanzania mainland. On the semi autonomous island of Zanzibar the HIV prevalence is far lower among the general population (0.6 percent) and the epidemic is more concentrated, primarily affecting female sex workers, men who have sex with men and injecting drug users (IDUs).
The first cases of AIDS were reported in the Kagera region in 1983 and by 1987 every region in the country had reported AIDS cases. In 1985, the government set up the NACP (National AIDS Control Programme) to coordinate the response and established AIDS coordinators in each district in the country. 5
In order to confront the growing epidemic, the NACP developed a medium term plan for the period 1987-1991 which was then followed by two more medium term plans covering 1992-1996 and 1998-2002. These plans had three main aims: the decentralisation of the health sector response, reducing HIV transmission and relieving the social consequences of HIV/AIDS through care and assistance. 6 However, according to Tanzania's first National Multisectoral Framework (2003-2007) the three medium term plans did not halt the spread of HIV. By the time the third medium term plan came into being HIV prevalence had reached 8 percent. 7 It is important to bear in mind however that, at this time, Tanzania had no coordinated monitoring and evaluation system, and systems for collecting data on HIV prevalence varied widely from region to region. Therefore, frequent delays in reporting as well as general underreporting suggest that the HIV prevalence could have been much higher.
Following the declaration of 'war' on HIV/AIDS by former president Mkapa, a national policy (which had been under development since 1991) was finalised in 2001. 8
The Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS) was then established in 2002 to coordinate the multisectoral response, bringing together all stakeholders including government, business and civil society to provide strategic guidance to HIV/AIDS programmes, projects and interventions. 9 In 2003, TACAIDS launched the first National Multisectoral Framework (NMSF) 2003-2007, which outlined all areas of focus for stakeholders including cross cutting themes like stigma and discrimination, as well as prevention, care and support and dealing with the socio-economic consequences of HIV and AIDS. Under each broad theme, certain strategic areas were identified (such as school based prevention or blood safety) and goals, challenges, targets and indicators of success were specified. 10
Tanzania's second National Strategic Framework (2008-2012) analyses the achievements and challenges faced in the implementation of the first NMSF, as well as identifying new targets and indicators of success. 11
A study published in 2005, using evidence drawn from Kenya and Tanzania exposed some findings which challenged some widely held assumptions about the effects of HIV and AIDS. The study found that generally the highest prevalence of HIV was found amongst the wealthiest households, particularly affecting wealthy women, as opposed to poorer and rural households. 12
Since the study, academics have suggested various reasons for this phenomenon: wealthier people tend to have the resources which lead to greater and more frequent mobility and expose them to wider sexual networks, encouraging multiple and concurrent relationships. They also tend to have greater access to HIV medications that prolong their lives and are more likely to live in urban areas, which have the highest prevalence. 13
However, the HIV prevalence gap between wealthier urban groups and poorer rural communities is slowly closing. 14 A 2008 study found that knowledge of sexually transmitted infections was 'alarmingly low' in rural Tanzania and associated with low condom use and HIV infection. 15 Reduced prevalence has mainly been noted among the most educated (those who attended secondary school) while among those with no formal education, prevalence has not decreased and the number of new infections has risen. 16 Because access to health care and knowledge of HIV and AIDS is typically lower in rural areas, prevention efforts must be increased if new infections are going to be reduced.
Women in Tanzania are particularly affected by HIV and AIDS. In 2008, women comprised over 60 percent of people living with HIV. Among the 15-24 age group, this figure rises to 75 percent. 17 Women tend to become infected earlier, which is partly due to the tendency of women to have older partners or get married earlier. 18 Another reason for the higher prevalence is the difficulty women experience negotiating safer sex because of gender inequality. 19 One example of women's dependency is the widespread culture of 'sugar daddies': women will often accept the sexual advances of older men, or 'sugar daddies' for a variety of reasons including money, affection and social advancement.
"I have a child and when I go with a man like him, he can give me something to buy milk for the child." 20 Aisha, a young woman at a party in the Mkinga district
The OneLove Campaign is a regional campaign aiming to target such practices in nine countries in Southern Africa including Tanzania, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, and South Africa. From 2008 to 2011, the campaign aims to highlight the HIV risk associated with having multiple and concurrent partners, through mass media (television and radio announcements), a televised drama series, films, poster campaigns and community outreach.
There are 160,000 children living with HIV and more than 1 million children orphaned by AIDS in Tanzania. 21 Grandmothers and other relatives often provide invaluable support to orphans, but they are still more vulnerable to poverty, sexual abuse and poor nutrition than children who live with both their parents. 22 They also receive little support from the Tanzanian government: less than 1 in ten receive some type of support (usually school related assistance) while less than 5 percent receive medical or social support. 23
Population movement is common in Tanzania, especially among young men. In particular, the expansion of the mining sector has led to greater urbanisation and mobility between rural and urban areas. This means that young and sexually active men come into close contact with 'high risk sexual networks' made up of sex workers, women at truckstops and miners: all of whom have high levels of HIV prevalence. 24 However, it is not only mobile men who are at increased risk of HIV infection. Women who travel away from home five or more times in a year have been found to be twice more likely to be infected by HIV than women who do not travel. 25
Tanzania's coastal trade as well as its border with eight countries exposes a host of vulnerable populations to HIV. A field assessment conducted by the International Organisation of Migration in 2010 26 concluded that transport workers, border personnel, fishermen and seafarers were more likely to have multiple sexual partners and less likely to use condoms than the general population. 27 Access to treatment and prevention initiatives in these areas was also minimal, underlining the regional variation in access to HIV services. 28 In Tanzania's border and lake areas, 1 in 5 people are HIV positive. 29
It is thought that there are around 25,000 injecting drug users (IDUs) in Tanzania, half of whom may be infected with HIV. 30 Female drug users in particular are at great risk of becoming infected with HIV (the HIV prevalence among women IDUs is thought to be twice that of men), although the reasons for this are not fully known. 31 32 33 One particularly dangerous practice which has become a concern is that of 'flash-blood' where a user injects heroin or another drug and then draws a syringe full of blood that is passed to a second user to inject. 34 HIV prevention and treatment for injecting drug users in Tanzania has not traditionally been a focus of government or donor attention. However, in 2011, with assistance from PEPFAR, Tanzania became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to implement a harm reduction programme for IDUs. 35
""Flashblood is a syringe-full of blood drawn back immediately after initial injection that is passed to a companion to inject" "
Zanzibar's AIDS Commission identifies injecting drug users as a high-risk group, and has made efforts to identify and address the prevalence of HIV among the population. 36 37 As an island and gateway to and from the African mainland, Zanzibar is situated along a major corridor for drug trafficking. Around one in six IDUs in Zanzibar is infected with HIV according to official estimates 38 , but some believe the HIV prevalence is even higher. 39 In Zanzibar, HIV transmission occurs mainly among IDUs, female sex workers and men who have sex with men; groups which often come into contact with one another. For example, 1 in 4 men who have sex with men in Zanzibar is also an injecting drug user. 40 The tendency to have multiple partners, share needles, engage in 'flash-blood' practices, and have unprotected sex place drug users in Zanzibar at high risk of HIV infection.
Voluntary counselling and testing services (VCT) were first initiated in 1989 in Tanzania but coverage was very low and by 2001 there were still only 92 public VCT services (reportedly reaching 4 percent of the population) covering the entire country. 41
Since 2003, the number of VCT sites in the country has rapidly increased. VCT services are now available at 2134 sites across the country and according to the 2007-2009 Malaria and AIDS Indicator Survey, more than 80% of people know where to get an HIV test. 42 43
A high profile campaign was launched by the Tanzanian government in 2007 with the aim of testing 4 million Tanzanians within six months. 44 This $56 million national testing drive was publicly endorsed by the president Kikwete and many other members of Parliament, who were the first to take the test. 45 By the end of the six months, more than 3 million Tanzanians were tested through the campaign. 46
The number of people who have been tested in the last twelve months and know their results rose from an average of 1 in 20 in 2003/2004 to 1 in 5 in 2008. This means that, among the general population in Tanzania, over a third of women and a quarter of men have been tested at least once and know their results. 47
Community based VCT (CBVCT) involves mobile VCT services and community-based support services. 48 CBVCT delivers HIV testing to individuals that are unable or unwilling to access standard clinic based VCT (SVCT), which is often some distance from communities. According to a recent study, access to CBVCT can lead to an increase in the uptake of testing among individuals that have never tested before, suggesting CBVCT should be used in areas where HIV uptake is low. 49 The study found that in communities with both CBVCT and SVCT, 39 percent of those who tested were first time testers, compared with 9 percent in communities that could only access SVCT.
In 1999, less than a quarter of women and just a third of men used condoms outside marriage. 50 This had risen to around 42 percent for both sexes in 2008. 51 However, contraception is still a very controversial topic in this religious country, populated mainly by Christians and Muslims.
Such tension is evident from the long drawn-out disturbance experienced by the Anglican Church in the large region of Arusha where a bishop, Simon Makundi, advocated condom use to prevent HIV and AIDS while his church goers vehemently protested against such a stance. The church endured closures and patrol by armed guards during the six years of upheaval caused by the row. In the end, the case was brought to the high court by the bishop against the churchgoers before the bishop decided to withdraw the case. 52
Despite these tensions, the Tanzanian government officially recognises the role of condom use in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and has made it an integral part of its fight against the epidemic. In 2007, more than 120 million condoms were distributed in Tanzania, which was double the number distributed in 2005. 53 In 2009, around 140 million condoms were made available. 54 In the same year, the government, in partnership with Population Services International, unveiled a six-year pilot programme to install a hundred condom vending machines in Tanzania, in particular in bars and nightclubs. 55 Condoms are reportedly stocked in 94 percent of bars and 80 percent of retail outlets. 56 Nevertheless, condom use during higher risk sex is still very low – less than a quarter of men and women who had more than one sexual partner in the past year reported using a condom the last time they had sex. 57
Nearly a fifth of all HIV new infections in Tanzania are due to mother-to-child transmission, meaning that thousands of babies are infected through their mothers every year. To avoid mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral treatment for both mother and baby as well as safer feeding practices must be integrated into routine reproductive health services.
Tanzania's PMTCT programme was first piloted in 2000 with the aim of rolling out PMTCT to all reproductive and child health services. Overall, 70 percent of all HIV positive pregnant women in need of ARV therapy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to their child received it in 2009. 58 According to Tanzania's National Paediatric HIV scale up plan (2009-2013) Tanzania aims to increase this to 80 percent by 2012. 59 60 In 2009, only half of all children at risk of HIV infection from their mothers received antiretroviral treatment to reduce the risk of transmission. 61
Like most other sub-Saharan African countries, Tanzania has a very young population. A third of the country's population are aged 10 to 24, 62 when most become sexually active. 63 An estimated seven percent of 15-24 year olds are infected with HIV but risky sexual behaviour among 15-19 year olds has been decreasing in recent years. This is most evident when one considers the proportion of this population reporting multiple partners –the number of 15-19 year olds reporting two or more partners decreased by half from 2004-2008. 64 Yet, condom use is still far too low among this age group. Less than a third of young people report using a condom when they first had sex, confirming the need for comprehensive sex education within this age group. 65
Sex education is a vital part of reaching young people and ensuring that HIV incidence does not increase in the coming years. However, sex education is not widespread in Tanzanian schools and pregnancy is the lead cause of girls dropping out of school; 25 percent of women under 18 in Tanzania are already mothers. 66
Without consistent and clear messages on HIV prevention at primary school, students often miss out on the vital information that can stop them from transmitting or becoming infected with HIV. In Tanzania enrolment into school can begin late (at age 9) and is often extended due to other pressures on student's life, such as agricultural work or inability to pay for school or school items, which extends a pupil's time at primary school. Therefore, some primary school students can be as old as 17.
A 2008 report noted the lack of integration of information about HIV and AIDS into the Tanzanian national curriculum, despite claims by the Ministry of Education that teachers are well informed and equipped to provide HIV and AIDS education. 67 68 Some major challenges identified by the report included problematic teacher-pupil relationships, lack of resources, stigma and cultural taboos, and a lack of culturally sensitive information. The Tanzanian government admits their HIV prevention initiatives among youth are 'poorly coordinated'. 69 Without an effective, widespread government led prevention programme in schools, civil society organisations often have to step in to fill the gap.
One particular initiative, which aims to improve sexual and reproductive health among youth, is the local Femina HIP (Health Information Project.) Started in 1999, this multimedia civil society initiative distributes two glossy magazines and runs an interactive website and TV talkshow, all of which target youth with information about healthy lifestyles, sexuality and the risk of STDs including HIV/AIDS. 70 One magazine, entitled 'Fema' is distributed to young men and women aged 15-25 in 2500 schools and workplaces in Tanzania. The other magazine entitled 'Si Mchezo!' (No Joke!) is aimed at out of school youth, mainly in rural areas and is estimated to reach 2 million people with every issue. 71 The magazine is specially written for semi-literate audiences and has a local focus. Femina HIP's interactive website 72 and weekly talk show provide other popular platforms for young people to engage politicians, local celebrities and each other on issues which are otherwise little discussed either in the school room or at home.
In 2001 the newly launched National Policy on HIV/AIDS recognised antiretroviral treatment as a right for all people living with HIV, at a time when no Tanzanians were receiving antiretroviral treatment. 73
It was not until the Ministry of Health developed a Health sector strategy (2003-2008) though that any plans to scale up HIV treatment were outlined by the government. In 2003, the William J Clinton Foundation and a group of Tanzanian experts created a step-by-step Care and Treatment Plan (2003-2008), which was then adopted by the Tanzanian cabinet. The five-year plan proposed the roll out of antiretroviral therapy to 19 health facilities in 3 months and a total of 96 health facilities within one year. In 2003, the Tanzanian government adopted the scheme and the following year pledged to provide antiretroviral drugs free of charge to all people living with HIV by 2008. In 2004, only about 0.5% of those with advanced HIV were receiving treatment.
"According to WHO, Tanzania has one of the worst physician-to-patient ratios in the world"
A total of $539 million over the five-year period was committed to rolling out treatment, with the majority of funds coming from USAID and the Global Fund. In line with the rapid scale up, Government spending on antiretroviral drugs increased from $2 million in 2003 to $17 million in 2005. 74
Working closely with its international partners, the Ministry of Health and Social services has now established care and treatment services across the country. As of December 2009, about 200,000 people in need of treatment had been enrolled; that is under half of the 440,000 by 2008 envisaged in the care and treatment plan. 75 According to the latest WHO guidelines (2010), only a third of Tanzanians in need of treatment are receiving it. 76 Continuing treatment, or patient retention, is essential for the success of a treatment regime: yet in Tanzania only 65 percent of HIV positive adults and children are known to be on ARV drugs a year after beginning therapy. 77
According to WHO, Tanzania has one of the worst physician-to-patient ratios in the world, with just 0.02 doctors and 0.37 nurses and midwives per 1,000 people. 78 The lack of doctors is a particular problem in rural areas, where there are often only nurses available to treat patients. Qualified doctors and nurses emigrating abroad because of better pay, conditions and training opportunities means that health sector shortages remain a critical problem to the scale up of HIV treatment, counselling and prevention in Tanzania.
The Tanzanian HIV and AIDS response is heavily reliant on foreign funding. Almost all (95 percent) of the funding for HIV and AIDS programmes comes from foreign donors of which more than two thirds is from the Global Fund and PEPFAR. 79 HIV and AIDS funding makes up one third of all aid coming to Tanzania. 80 In total, more than $400 million was committed to HIV and AIDS in 2007/2008. 81
Eighty percent of donor funding does not appear in Tanzania's own government budget and is instead managed by the donor governments or partners. This means that it is not always necessarily aligned with the goals set out in Tanzania's National Policy on AIDS. For example, less than a quarter of PEPFAR and Global Fund money in Tanzania is spent on prevention despite the government inclusion of prevention as the key focus of the National Multisectoral Framework. 82 Tanzania's public expenditure review has expressed concern that the government cannot take the lead role in policy and planning it needs to implement its National Multisectoral Strategic Framework when so much of its HIV and AIDS funding comes from external aid. 83
Although donor spending on HIV and AIDS in 2009 was not affected by the financial crisis, this is mainly because previous funding commitments are still being honoured. 84 Adverse effects of economic hardship in Tanzania such as job losses and budget cuts could affect the provision of antiretrovirals and other medical supplies in the future and worsen health worker shortages. Moreover, capping of PEPFAR funding in 2010 and reduced funds available to the Global Fund will likely make it difficult for Tanzania to expand treatment and care services unless the domestic budget for HIV and AIDS is increased.
"At home my mother and myself have tested and been found positive. She has told me not even to tell my relatives; not even my own sister because she is afraid I will be stigmatised" 85 A young girl from Tanzania
In 2008, the Tanzanian parliament passed the HIV and AIDS Act, protecting the rights of People Living with HIV and AIDS. 86 The Act provides a legal framework for the national response and was created through a process that involved community groups, a network of journalists who recorded experiences of people living with HIV, as well as lawyers and members of the government.
The 2008 law makes it illegal to discriminate against someone because of their HIV status or the HIV status of a family member and obliges the government and employers to advocate against stigma and discrimination. 87 However, sufficient training on the reforms for those who implement the law and public awareness of the rights included is needed for the law to be effective. The law must also be harmonised with other legislation in order to ensure that different laws do not contradict and work against each other. For example, the criminalisation of high-risk groups in Tanzania such as sex workers and men who have sex with men is at odds with the 2008 law as it makes it almost impossible for these groups, already marginalised and stigmatised, to access care and treatment.
Discrimination leads to an unwillingness to take an HIV test and to disclose results to family, friends or sexual partners. A 2005 USAID study conducted in Dar Es Salaam found that only half of HIV positive respondents had disclosed their status to intimate partners. 88 The average time from receiving results to disclosing them was 2.5 years for men and 4 years for women. Stigma, specifically fear of abandonment, job or property loss and violence were reasons for this delay. Such fear increases the chance that HIV will be transmitted to a partner, that preventative behaviour will be avoided and that uptake of treatment will be delayed. 89
Lack of knowledge about AIDS is one driver of stigma and discrimination. Four out of ten women and a third of men surveyed in the 2007-2009 HIV and Malaria Indicator Survey reported that they would not buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper who has HIV, and half of all women and 40 per cent of men said they would feel it necessary to keep it a secret if a family member was infected with HIV. 90
Stigma and the beliefs that it can perpetuate (such as an HIV positive person has been cursed by witchcraft) can lead to reduced motivation to seek treatment. One study in rural Kisesa, which observed the uptake of the national antiretroviral treatment programme in Tanzania, found that 'fear of stigma' was a concern for all those interviewed. In particular, the participants did not want their status disclosed or expressed reluctance to identify a 'treatment buddy' as required by the programme. According to the study, "pervasive stigma remains the most formidable barrier" to taking up free antiretroviral treatment in rural areas. 91
It is often assumed that the roll out of antiretroviral treatment will lead to a decrease in AIDS-related stigma and discrimination as treatment allows people with HIV to live longer and productive lives, thereby 'normalising' HIV and AIDS. However, according to some studies which have looked at the impact of increased access to HIV treatment in Tanzania, HIV/AIDS-related stigma is "still a major problem" in the country. 92 One reason is that HIV and AIDS continues to be associated with immoral behaviour, and is therefore seen as a 'punishment'. The need to increase the visibility of people living with HIV, for example through the media, government-led public awareness campaigns and the involvement of faith organisations is necessary, as is training for local HIV organisations on addressing the causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in their communities.
Although HIV prevalence has fallen in Tanzania over the past decade, tens of thousands of people become infected with HIV every year. 93 Stigma against HIV positive people and human resource shortages are among the obstacles to ensuring a sustained reduction of new HIV infections and to providing care and treatment to those already infected. Although Tanzania has long been a popular country with foreign donors, in a strained financial climate, the current levels of funding are by no means guaranteed. Signs have already appeared that the capping of PEPFAR funds is affecting the provision of drugs for HIV positive people in Tanzania. 94 Increased funding for HIV and AIDS from the Tanzanian government and commitment to prevention efforts will be necessary if Tanzania is to overcome the debilitating effects the HIV and AIDS epidemic continues to have on its economy and society.


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Guardian photographer captures the 2012 Olympics with his iPhone 4S
Guardian sports photographer Dan Chung is in London covering the 2012 Olympic games. To photograph them he is using nothing but his iPhone 4S, a pair of binoculars, and Snapseed.
The idea that you need a DSLR camera to capture amazing photos is quickly becoming a myth nowadays. This is a prime example of how an iPhone 4S and a little bit of MacGyver engineering can produce spectacular images.
Chung uses his binoculars as a telephoto lens for his iPhone 4S in order to get in close on the action. He isn't using any lens add-ons but just snapping the photo and importing it into the popular iPhone photo editing app Snapseed. He performs a couple edits and then shares it with the rest of the world.
The great part about the iPhone is that unlike a traditional DSLR, you're already connected to the internet and you can share your images instantly with the world. This makes is simple to just upload the images where they need to be without dealing with memory cards or expensive wireless kits for traditional cameras.
We've been running photo contests here at iMore each week that really show that sometimes it isn't always the lens but who is behind it and what creativity someone puts into it. Our readers have done an excellent job of showcasing just how fast mobile camera technology has progressed over the years.
Hit the links below to read more and see tons more shots that Dan has managed to snap throughout the Olympic Games. And if you've got any amazing photos you've taken with your iPhone, be sure to share them in our iMore photography forum!
Source: Cult of Mac
Image Credit: Guardian Sport
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
Guardian photographer captures the 2012 Olympics with his iPhone 4S
Seems like an Eye-Fi card and a better camera would be an easier solution to getting long-zoom shots onto your iPhone than holding the iPhone up to the binocular eyepiece. Though maybe the congested WiFi at the Olympics makes that impossible. Not necessarily a DSLR -- the binoculars he's using are probably much more compact than hulking SLR long zooms -- but even a superzoom (Canon SX40 or equivalent) would work nicely.


text: Blogs Ask The Models 21 April 2012 Vogue Today Four of the world's most famous model stars, Natalia Vodianova, Jourdan Dunn, Eva Herzigova and Lily Cole, took their seats on the Vogue Festival stage this afternoon to huge rounds of applause from the audience - for a Q&A about their lives. Conversation was remarkably frank as Cole revealed how staying at school was a "saving grace", Dunn spoke about her acting ambitions, and Herzigova discussed how "this job is about other people having opinions about you - it's always someone else's point of view"."One of the problems I had with modelling was that I could never direct my path - it's difficult being part of trends," added Cole.SEE LILY COLE'S BEAUTIFUL VOGUE COVERS"I think I always have to do what my heart tells me and find something that suits me," said Vodianova."I've learnt to accept my flaws - I hated being skinny and lanky growing up," recalled Dunn of her younger years. "I think I'm fine so I've decided that no one can tell me otherwise. OK I'm skinny - what's next, let's move on!"SEE JOURDAN DUNN'S CHANGING CATWALK LOOKSThe group also discussed dieting, health and their respective exercise routines."The only diet I have ever done is the blood type diet - I have done it for five years now," said Vodianova. "The big contracts go to the girls who are healthy - they need to have a sparkle in their eyes and you can't fake that if you're unhealthy.""I run once a year - I do the marathon for my charity," she added. "I don't train, I just make sure my children are the other side of the finishing line so I won't give up. But I change my mind with these things, once I did yoga every day for a whole year. When the year came to an end I was very happy to stop." Dunn revealed she has recently employed a personal trainer - "kickboxing is fun!" - whilst Herzigova said she has been to a yoga class "twice".SEE NATALIA VODIANOVA'S STYLE EVOLUTIONAnd as part of the original Nineties supermodel line-up, Herzigova remarked that the industry has changed since she first made the model big-time.""It's a different time now - [the supermodel phenomenon] was a trend," she said. "The woman was much more feminine then, and we took longer to build up our careers. Modelling is very much based on experience."SEE HERZIGOVA'S VOGUE COVERS"I think our whole culture puts values on an ideal image and people have to find their own true value of what's important," continued Cole. SEE ALL THE VOGUE FESTIVAL PICTURE HIGHLIGHTS


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NFL Game Summary - Baltimore at Tampa Bay
(Thursday, August 8th)
Final Score: Baltimore 44, Tampa Bay 16
Tampa, FL (Sports Network) - LaQuan Williams scored a pair of touchdowns, one on offense and another on special teams, to help Baltimore to a 44-16 preseason rout of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the Ravens' first action since last February's win in Super Bowl XLVII.
Williams hauled in a 21-yard strike from Tyrod Taylor in the third quarter and recovered a punt blocked by Brynden Trawick in the end zone late in the second that gave the Ravens a 24-13 halftime lead.
Taylor also connected with Aaron Mellette on a 21-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter and threw for 154 yards while completing 13-of-23 passes. Bernard Pierce scored Baltimore's first touchdown of the night with a 20-yard run in the second period, which came after Williams recovered a fumbled punt by Chris Owusu.
Super Bowl MVP Joe Flacco played the entire first quarter for Baltimore and hit on 7-of-9 attempts for 57 yards and an interception over two scoreless possessions.
Rookie Mike Glennon amassed 169 passing yards in his Buccaneers debut, but completed just 11-of-23 attempts and was intercepted once. Josh Freeman operated Tampa Bay's first two series and threw for 34 yards on 4-of-7 passing while leading the Bucs to a Derek Dimke field goal on one of the drives.
Dimke kicked three field goals in all for Tampa Bay, while Kevin Ogletree had five receptions totaling 65 yards in the loss.