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John Newton wrote a number of valuable letters on the high marks and the low points of the Christian life. One of those letters was originally to a pastor. But as you will soon see, it has application for every Christian, especially on the topic of spiritual depression (see Psalm 42:1–11). For this entry in the series I've chosen to reformat one letter into an interview. We'll see how it goes. Rev. Newton, thanks for your time today. Let's begin discussing the topic of how spiritual depression affects pastors. You have many years of pastoral experience yourself. Does God preserve pastors from undergoing spiritual valleys? Do pastors get a special divine favor and higher proportion of comforts in life to better serve their local churches?Give me leave to ask pastors: What would you do if you did not find yourself occasionally poor, insufficient, and stupid? Are you aware of what might be the possible, the probable, the almost certain consequences, if you always found your spirit enlarged, and your frames lively and comfortable? Would you not be in great danger of being puffed up with spiritual pride? Would you not be less sensible of your absolute dependence upon the power of Christ, and of your continual need of his blood, pardon, and intercession? Would you not be quite at a loss to speak suitably and feelingly to the case of many gracious souls, who are groaning under those effects of a depraved nature, from which, upon that supposition, you would be exempted? How could you speak properly upon the deceitfulness of the heart, if you did not feel the deceitfulness of your own; or adapt yourself to the changing experiences through which your hearers pass, if you yourself were always alike, or nearly so? Or how could you speak pertinently of the inward warfare, the contrary principles of flesh and spirit fighting one against another, if your own spiritual desires were always vigorous and successful, and met with little opposition or control?The angel who appeared to Cornelius did not preach the Gospel to him, but directed him to send for Peter: for though the glory and grace of the Saviour seems a fitter subject for an angel's powers than for the poor stammering tongues of sinful men, yet an angel could not preach experimentally, nor describe the warfare between grace and sin from his own feelings (Acts 10:1–8). And if we could suppose a minister as full of comforts and as free from failings as an angel, though he would be a good and happy man, I cannot conceive that he would be a good or useful preacher; for he would not know how to sympathize with the weak and afflicted of the flock, or to comfort them under their difficulties with the consolations wherewith he himself, in similar circumstances, had been comforted of God.So what's behind this spiritual depression in the pastor's experience? We may extend the subject so as to make it applicable to believers in general. First, let me say that resting in the recollection of past comforts, without a continual thirst for fresh communications from the Fountain of life, is, I am afraid, the canker which eats away the beauty and fruitfulness of many professors in the present day; and which, if it does not prove them to be absolutely dead, is at least a sufficient evidence that they are lamentably sick. But on the other hand, if we are conscious of the desire, if we seek it carefully in the use of all appointed means, if we willingly allow in ourselves nothing which grieves the Spirit of God, and to damp our sense of divine things—if the Lord is pleased to keep us short of those comforts which he has taught us to prize, instead of lively sensations of joy and praise we feel a languor and deadness of spirit. In other words, you say that spiritual depression stems from an appropriate thirst for communion with God. So how do we respond when we feel this languor and deadness of spirit?Provided we do indeed feel it, and are humbled for it, we have no need to give way to despondency or excessive sorrow. Still the foundation of our hope, and the ground of our abiding joys, is the same; and the heart may be as really alive to God, and grace as truly in exercise, when we walk in comparative darkness and see little light, as when the frame of our spirits is more comfortable. Neither the reality nor the measure of grace can be properly estimated by the degree of our sensible comforts. So you seem to say that grace is at work in the Christian's life whether the experience is bright or dark. That's an important point. So when the darkness descends, when a Christian walks through a dark valley and the soul is cast down, what should be his posture? The Apostle exhorts believers to rejoice in the Lord always (Philippians 4:4). He well knew that they were exposed to trials and temptations, and to much trouble from an evil heart of unbelief; and he prevents the objections we might be ready to make, by adding, "And again I say, Rejoice"—as if he had said, I call upon you to rejoice, not at some times only, but at all times. Not only when upon the mount, but when in the valley. Not only when you conquer, but while you are fighting. Not only when the Lord shines upon you, but when he seems to hide his face. When he enables you to do all things, you are no better in yourselves than you were before; and when you feel you can do nothing, you are no worse. Your experiences will vary, but his love and promises are always unchangeable. Thus, it makes sense that we can always rejoice. But that takes faith. So what gets in the way of our rejoicing? Why is it so hard to rejoice in the valley?Sinful principles may, and too often do, mix with and defile our best desires. I have often detected the two vile abominations, self-will and self-righteousness insinuating themselves into this concern. Like Satan, who works by them, they can occasionally assume the appearance of an angel of light. I have felt impatience in my spirit, utterly unsuitable to my state as a sinner and a beggar, and to my profession of yielding myself and all my concerns to the Lord's disposal. He has mercifully convinced me that I labor under a complication of disorders, summed up in the word sin. He has graciously revealed himself to me as the infallible physician. And has enabled me, as such, to commit myself to him, and to expect my cure from his hand alone. Yet how often, instead of thankfully accepting his prescriptions, have I foolishly and presumptuously ventured to prescribe to him, and to point out how I would have him deal with me! How often have I thought something was necessary which he saw best to deny, and that I could have done better without those dispensations which his wisdom appointed to work for my good! He is God, and not man, or else he would have been weary of me, and left me to my own management long ago. It has cost me something to bring me to confess that he is wiser than I; but I trust, through his blessing, I have not suffered wholly in vain. My sensible comforts have not been great. The proofs I have had of the evils of my sinful nature, my incapacity and aversion to good, have neither been few nor small. But by these unpromising means I hope he has made his grace and salvation precious to my soul, and in some measure weaned me from leaning to my own understanding.So because we are sinners we will find it especially difficult to rejoice in moments when our personal weakness is exposed. Can you explain further how self-righteousness gets in the way of our joy in God?Self-righteousness has had a considerable hand in dictating many of my desires for an increase of comfort and spiritual strength. I have wanted some stock of my own. I have been wearied of being so perpetually beholden to him, necessitated to come to him always in the same strain, as a poor miserable sinner. I could have liked to do something for myself, and to depend upon him chiefly upon extraordinary occasions. I have found indeed, that I could do nothing without his assistance, nor any thing even with it, but what I have reason to be ashamed of. If this had only humbled me, and led me to rejoice in his all-sufficiency, it would have been well. But it has often had a different effect, to make me sullen, angry, and discontented, as if it was not best and most desirable that he should have all the glory of his own work, and I should have nothing to boast of, but that in the Lord I have righteousness and strength. I am now learning to glory only in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me; to be content to be nothing, that he may be All in All (2 Corinthians 12:7–13). But I find this a hard lesson; and when I seem to have made some proficiency, a slight turn in my spirit throws me back, and I have to begin all again.In conclusion, what have you learned that you can share with us from your own experience in the valley?First: There is an inseparable connection between causes and effects. Indwelling sin is an active cause; and therefore, while it remains in our nature, it will produce effects according to its strength. So why should I wonder that I can feel no lively exercise of grace, no power to raise my heart to God, any farther than he is pleased to work in me mightily; any more than wonder that I do not find fire in the bottom of a well, or that it should not be day when the sun is withdrawn from the earth? Second: Humbled I ought to be to find I am so totally depraved—but not discouraged, since Jesus is appointed to me of God, wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption; and since I find that, in the midst of all this darkness and deadness, he keeps alive the principle of grace which he has implanted in my heart.These are wonderful reminders of God's sustaining grace. Thank you Rev. Newton. May our valleys remind us of our absolute dependence upon Christ's power, blood, pardon, and intercession.And for further insight on these important topics, see C.J.'s practical post: "The Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Spiritual Dehydration."
Tony Reinke serves as the editorial and research assistant to C.J. Mahaney. Reading Newton's Mail is a series of blog posts reflecting on various published letters written by John Newton (1725–1807), the onetime captain of a slave trading ship—a self-described apostate, blasphemer, and infidel, who was eventually converted by grace. Newton is most famous for authoring the hymn "Amazing Grace," or maybe for helping William Wilberforce put an end to the African slave trade in Britain. Less legendarily, Newton faithfully pastored two churches for 43 years, a fruitful period of his life when a majority of his letters were written. Reading Newton's Mail is published on Fridays here on the Cheap Seats blog.
Primary source: The Works of John Newton (London: 1820), 1:253–261.
Spanning a little over two months on the blog, C.J.'s eleven-part series on the pastor and personal criticism has come to an end. Via email many of you requested that the series be provided as a single document to make it easier to print and read. And today we are making this entire series available as a 25-page PDF, which you can download here (0.2 MB):
For anyone interested in reading the series online, I've included a final index of the original posts (see below).
Thanks for reading!
The following excerpt is taken from Stephen Altrogge's new book, The Greener Grass Conspiracy: Finding Contentment on Your Side of the Fence (Crossway, 2011), pages 65–66:
In the gospel we have full, free, open access to God. This isn't "come once a year, kill a lamb, and hope you don't die" access to God. We don't need to whip ourselves into a twirling religious frenzy or to light sticks of incense. There's no need to walk ten miles with broken glass in our shoes or wash ourselves clean in a sacred river. We can come into the presence of God at all times and at all places.
This is the greatest benefit of the gospel. Forgiveness of sins, a new heart, and eternal life are only a means to this magnificent end. Jesus Christ ushers us into the presence of God, and it's in the presence of God that we find our soul's deepest satisfaction. Psalm 16:11 says, "You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore."
A speedboat, job promotion, or beautiful, loving spouse who likes long walks on the beach can't bring fullness of joy. Eternal pleasures can't be purchased with a platinum credit card. Full, overflowing, eternal joy and pleasure are found only in the presence of God, and in the gospel we have access to his joyful presence....
If we're not consistently spending time in the presence of God, we won't be content.
In the gospel we have full, free, open access to God. This isn't "come once a year, kill a lamb, and hope you don't die" access to God. We don't need to whip ourselves into a twirling religious frenzy or to light sticks of incense. There's no need to walk ten miles with broken glass in our shoes or wash ourselves clean in a sacred river. We can come into the presence of God at all times and at all places.
This is the greatest benefit of the gospel. Forgiveness of sins, a new heart, and eternal life are only a means to this magnificent end. Jesus Christ ushers us into the presence of God, and it's in the presence of God that we find our soul's deepest satisfaction. Psalm 16:11 says, "You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore."
A speedboat, job promotion, or beautiful, loving spouse who likes long walks on the beach can't bring fullness of joy. Eternal pleasures can't be purchased with a platinum credit card. Full, overflowing, eternal joy and pleasure are found only in the presence of God, and in the gospel we have access to his joyful presence....
If we're not consistently spending time in the presence of God, we won't be content.
Nicely said.
For more background on The Greener Grass Conspiracy, watch the trailer here:
Knowing how high a priority C.J. places on surprising his wife Carolyn, Southern Seminary's interviewer asked him this question in an interview published in the new issue of the Seminary's magazine, Towers (April 11, 2011; page 16).
Before answering the question with specific examples, C.J. set the context:
Let me say that I have a wife whom I don't deserve. No one has influenced me more than she has. There's no one I respect more than her. There's no one I love more than her. I am devoted to building as many romantic memories with her and spending as much time with her as possible. And I want Carolyn to live aware that I am always planning or working on a new surprise as an expression of my love for her.
Let me say that I have a wife whom I don't deserve. No one has influenced me more than she has. There's no one I respect more than her. There's no one I love more than her. I am devoted to building as many romantic memories with her and spending as much time with her as possible. And I want Carolyn to live aware that I am always planning or working on a new surprise as an expression of my love for her.
Then he talked specifics:
The most recent surprise was a trip to sunny and warm Florida in the midst of a very cold winter at home.
Normally trips will be planned well in advance to coordinate schedules. By planning in advance you can build anticipation and in some ways something planned in the future has a way of serving your soul in the present. But the trip to Florida didn't receive a great deal of planning and this spontaneous trip was great fun. And the largest snowstorm of the year hit the D.C. area while we were in Florida so that made it even sweeter.
Before that, in December, I surprised her with an overnight trip to the W Hotel in downtown D.C. At any given time, there are actual multiple surprises in the planning stage ranging from the small expressions to more significant ones. Surprises don't have to be expensive to be meaningful. Something as simple as bringing home her favorite candy at the end of the day is another way to say, "I love you."
Why all the surprises? If you met her, you'd understand why. I have been the object of her affection and support for 36 years now. I want to do all that I can to communicate my gratefulness. I don't deserve my wife.
The most recent surprise was a trip to sunny and warm Florida in the midst of a very cold winter at home.
Normally trips will be planned well in advance to coordinate schedules. By planning in advance you can build anticipation and in some ways something planned in the future has a way of serving your soul in the present. But the trip to Florida didn't receive a great deal of planning and this spontaneous trip was great fun. And the largest snowstorm of the year hit the D.C. area while we were in Florida so that made it even sweeter.
Before that, in December, I surprised her with an overnight trip to the W Hotel in downtown D.C. At any given time, there are actual multiple surprises in the planning stage ranging from the small expressions to more significant ones. Surprises don't have to be expensive to be meaningful. Something as simple as bringing home her favorite candy at the end of the day is another way to say, "I love you."
Why all the surprises? If you met her, you'd understand why. I have been the object of her affection and support for 36 years now. I want to do all that I can to communicate my gratefulness. I don't deserve my wife.
As C.J. writes elsewhere, meaningful surprises are normally the result of thoughtful and diligent study and planning by the husband. But many husbands are thickheaded and don't study their wives or plan surprises very well. So where can we start?
To find specific help and suggestions on how to study your wife and her particular interests (with the goal of eventually surprising her), C.J. has written a few resources that may prove helpful for husbands. First, see his free ebook Biblical Productivity where he further explains how his role as husband motivates him to study, serve, and surprise Carolyn. And also consider reading "Learning, Leading, and Loving," chapter three in his book Sex, Romance, and the Glory of God: What Every Christian Husband Needs to Know (Crossway, 2004). "As a romancer of my wife, I know that my essential role is that of a student and a planner," he writes (32). Behind the meaningful surprises for a wife is this intentional study and careful planning of a thoughtful husband.
On Good Friday, Rick Gamache (senior pastor of Sovereign Grace Fellowship, Bloomington, MN) gathers with his church to read a short account he simply titled "A Crucifixion Narrative." For 23 minutes he retraces the biblical events of Thursday and Friday that culminate in the death of the Savior.
The narrative opens with the weight of the crossbeam weighing on the shoulders of the Savior, then rewinds to previous events leading up to this point: the betrayal of Judas, Jesus' prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, the tears of blood that reveal the Savior's physical and emotional distress. But as we know, this is only the beginning of the physical pain. Soon Jesus is tried and mocked, slapped, spit at, whipped, outfitted with a crown of thorns, and eventually laid on the ground where cold spikes are driven into his wrists and feet. The repugnant scene is informed by the biblical storyline and by research on the physical suffering of Roman crucifixion.
As the Savior is lifted up on the cross the physical pain becomes even more excruciating—but it's not the greatest pain.
Near the end, the narrative takes a sharp and dramatic turn. There the focus shifts from the visible, physical pain to the invisible spiritual suffering Jesus bore on the cross. There in the crucifixion we see the Son, hanging guilty before God for the vilest of sins—our sins, all of them (2 Corinthians 5:21). There we face the scope of our personal sins, and there we see the hellish agony the Savior endured for us.
Gamache's narrative is available online. You can download the audio recording here and read the PDF here.
From the time I entered public ministry 37 years ago, I was attending conferences. The sum total of conference messages I've heard and taught—by my rough estimate—is somewhere near 1 gazillion (which is 1,000 zillions).
Some conferences were average, some good, and some excellent. But Next is special. Here are a few reasons why.
First, the Next conference was designed, and is very effectively led by Josh Harris and Grant Layman, to reinforce several important, theologically informed objectives for college students and young adults. These include transferring the gospel to the next generation, reinforcing sound doctrine, building a biblical worldview, spreading a passion for the local church, and encouraging personal evangelism.
The Psalmist captures the priority of entrusting the gospel to those coming after us: "One generation shall commend your works to another, and shall declare your mighty acts" (Psalm 145:4). At my age, whatever remaining moments, days, years, decades I have left, I want to represent one generation commending the works of God—and in particular the gospel—to another generation.
And there are plenty of immediate benefits to the conference as well. In my experience, young adults who attend the conference will experience God's nearness during corporate worship, the gift of illumination during each sermon, and opportunities to cultivate friendships with other young adults.
Preaching is a priority at this conference (as it should be). The preaching at this conference is excellent. It makes an immediate impact and has an enduring effect, too. Although world-class teachers are invited to address those at the conference, the conference leaders recognize and express their appreciation for local pastors—those who are doing the most important work. The conference is carefully designed not to build young men and women into well-known speakers, but to build them into their pastors and their local church.
The effects of the conference continue as young adults return home from Orlando, inspired to invest in their local churches. And that is why, when I was pastoring Covenant Life Church, I used the New Attitude/Next conference strategically. I viewed this event as a unique opportunity for college students and young adults in the church to be equipped to serve the church. So I did all I could to inspire them to attend, knowing the difference this conference would make in their lives and the life of the church.
I would encourage pastors to announce this conference, feature this conference, encourage all to attend this conference, and find ways of supporting young adults in their churches who are limited financially from attending.
The Next conference will not only prove formative in the souls of those who attend, but will also transfer the gospel to the next generation, and I think you will find it to be a fruitful investment in the future of your church.
The Next conference runs May 28–31 in Orlando, Florida. For more information, see the website: http://www.thisisnext.org/
I would recommend all of the messages at our recent Plant conference. But I would recommend that you get started by listening to the excellent message by my good friend Mark Dever titled, "The Great Commission and Church Planting" (Matthew 28:16-20). The message will help you understand the relation between the Great Commission and church planting.
The message was dense in content and Mark's rate of speech was, as it normally is, warp speed. I'm saying you cannot comprehend all this with a single listen. But you can try by downloading the message here.
I doubt a single listen will be sufficient.
And here are a few notes and an outline that may help you follow along:
The Great Commission and Church Planting (Matthew 28:16-20)Mark DeverMarch 25, 2011Plant Conference (Glen Mills, PA)
Introduction: "I want to pose six questions to help us think about the Great Commission and church planting."
Question 1: How are we to fulfill the Great Commission? "A true church is marked by the right preaching of the Word of God, and the right administration of baptism and the Lord's Supper, and the preaching of the gospel. In the lives of those baptized and coming to the Lord's Supper then a corporate witness begins to appear. A church is planted as people begin to see this group of people as followers of Jesus."
Question 2: What is the big picture? "We find that the big picture in the Bible, from Israel to the redeemed in heaven, seem to show us a pattern of God wanting to be known as faithful and having community around him which knows him and praises him as one who is faithful and just and true."
Question 3: What has God done? "So God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is involved in church planting far more profoundly than any person in this room will ever be involved in church planting—far more profoundly than the Apostle Paul was involved in church planting! The church is not something which in the most fundamental sense is a human idea or a human creation, but it is fundamentally God's idea and God's work. This is what he is about. God is a great church planter."
Question 4: What did the apostles understand? "Friends, the sort of church-centered ministry where you go out and evangelize, but you do it specifically with the hope and trust and understanding that God intends to bring these Christians back together in local churches, is what this book of Acts is full of.…The New Testament shows the Great Commission being fulfilled by church planting."
Question 5: What does that mean for us? "Here are eight practical exhortations and implications aimed at pastors of churches:"
Here are five things I want to build into the culture of our church:
Question 6: What is our goal in fulfilling the Great Commission? "The glory of God in the church."
Conclusion: "The local church is where the authority of Christ is exercised. The local church is where disciples are made and baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. The local church is where Christians are taught to obey everything Jesus commanded us. To this end, Christ promised us his Spirit until he returns. And so we see that church planting is the normal business of the local church. The Great Commission is normally fulfilled through church planting."
In this series on the pastor and personal criticism, it is important to consider how church members can effectively serve their pastor with correction. As pastors, we need this, and we need to make it as easy as possible for church members to approach us with any questions, concerns, or observations they might have.*
So what if you have some correction that you want to bring to your pastor's attention? How can you bring that critical observation to him in a humble and loving way? How can you bring correction to your pastor in a way that not only serves him but pleases and honors God at the same time?
These are excellent and important questions.
But given the limitations of addressing this topic in a brief post, I cannot address every situation or provide you with exhaustive suggestions on this important topic.
This series on personal criticism has not attempted to address sins that would disqualify a pastor from ministry.** What I'm attempting to address is when a church member has a concern about a particular sermon, the direction of the church, or about a pastor's personal character that the pastor may be unaware of.
Actually, one's interaction with a pastor and possible disagreement with him will most often be over an issue of wisdom, or maybe even a matter of personal preference.
With that in mind, here are some suggestions to consider.
Perhaps the most important step is this one: examining our hearts prior to any conversation in which we bring corrective comments to someone. And here's why: motive makes all the difference. It is wise for me to examine my heart for any self-righteousness and to ask: Is my desire to share this critical observation with my pastor motivated by a desire to serve him? We must not assume our motive is humble and redemptive. Our purpose must be to serve our pastor, not to scold him.
One way I have found effective in preparing my heart prior to correcting someone is to spend time thinking about evidences of God's grace in his life. Study the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22–23) and the gifts of the Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:4–11, 27–31; Ephesians 4:11–16; 1 Peter 4:10–11). Then study the life of your pastor and carefully consider where you see the work of God in his life. Thank God for your pastor and these evidences of grace in his life. This simple practice will create fresh appreciation for him, a fresh awareness of God's activity in his life. It will also help to ensure that you bring corrective observations to him in a spirit of gratitude.
Next, pray for him. Take some time to familiarize yourself with the various burdens and temptations that are common to all pastors. John Newton, a pastor for more than 40 years, was quite familiar with these temptations, and he can help you better understand the burdens of pastoral ministry in blog posts like this one and this one. As you pray for your pastor and the various burdens he carries, your heart will be softened toward him.
For a variety of reasons I think it is normally unwise to communicate correction to your pastor—or anyone, for that matter—in written form. Writing is easier than meeting, but that's because, let's be honest, we are reluctant to correct and fear their response to our correction (and that can be sinful judgment on our part). Meeting for a conversation requires that we first, by God's grace, put to death the fear of man in relation to our pastor or anyone we are correcting.
There are numerous benefits to a face-to-face conversation with your pastor. I could write pages on why conversation is superior to written communication when it comes to correction. Only in conversation can we ask questions, elaborate on points, draw out our pastor, and hear his perspective. Whenever I correct someone I know that my perspective is limited and my perceptions are flawed. In this conversation I can express my concern to my pastor and not assume my perspective is infallible (Proverbs 18:13).
A conversation also provides your pastor the opportunity to observe your facial expressions and hear the tone of your voice, which are both critical to effective communication.
In this post I have used the word "observations." By this I mean that you are not approaching your pastor as a prosecuting attorney conducting a deposition. Rather than bringing charges and accusations against him, you are bringing personal observations—something you have observed.
There is a critical difference between an accusation and an observation. The former is the fruit of a proud and offended heart; the latter the fruit of a heart that has been humbled by the gospel, and is aware that one's perceptions are fallible.
Recognizing this will help me see two important things: (a) that I may be wrong in my criticism, and (b) my criticism may not be as important as I think it is. Approaching issues with this kind of humility will position you to come to your pastor with questions and not accusations.
So what constitutes a successful meeting? First of all, it was successful if you cared enough to approach your pastor and have this conversation with him. And it was successful if your pastor took the time to listen to you and to consider your observations. Do not expect or require that he immediately agrees with all your comments or that he immediately responds to them. Allow him the time necessary to pray, reflect on your correction, and talk with his wife and his friends about it.
But if you find yourself offended if your pastor doesn't immediately respond or if he disagrees with you, then it could be that your own heart has been revealed, and maybe your motives weren't as pure as you might have thought. You then have an opportunity to humble yourself before God and to entrust your pastor to God.
So meet personally with your pastor, humbly offer him your observations, but do not require an immediate response from him. As long as you have communicated your correction clearly and in love, you have served your pastor and honored God in the process.
* On a related note, it is important that pastors cultivate approachability and accountability. Two articles written by Ken Sande are very valuable in helping pastors to cultivate these areas, and those articles can be located here.
** For more on the distinction here between disqualifying sin and non-disqualifying sin in pastoral ministry, see Preaching the Cross (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2007), pages 122–124.
Revolution is spreading across the Middle East. What was ignited in Tunisia spread to Egypt and jumped into Libya. It is hard to tell where the flame of revolution will spread next.
Something of this modern experience must reflect the political and social unrest that marked the period of America's Revolutionary War. By January 1775 a war between Britain and the American colonies was foreseeable. At this point Britain had responded to the Boston Tea Party by further hiking taxes in 1774, and in two months Patrick Henry would deliver his "Give me liberty or give me death" speech. One month after the speech the American colonists and the British would clash at Lexington and Concord.
So was the turmoil just about taxation without representation, or was there something larger behind the revolution?
In a letter to his friend Lord Dartmouth dated January 20, 1775, Newton offers a deeper and more theological explanation for the coming war when he writes,
When historians and politicians descant upon the rise and fall of empires, with all their professed sagacity, in tracing the connection between causes and effects, they are totally unacquainted with the great master-wheel which manages the whole movement; that is, the Lord's design in favor of his church and kingdom. To this every event is subordinate; to this every interfering interest must stoop.
When historians and politicians descant upon the rise and fall of empires, with all their professed sagacity, in tracing the connection between causes and effects, they are totally unacquainted with the great master-wheel which manages the whole movement; that is, the Lord's design in favor of his church and kingdom. To this every event is subordinate; to this every interfering interest must stoop.
A little later he writes:
And I doubt not but some who are yet unborn will hereafter clearly see and remark, that the present unhappy disputes between Great Britain and America, with their consequences, whatever they may be, are part of a series of events, of which the extension and interests of the church of Christ were the principal final causes. In a word, that Jesus may be known, trusted, and adored, and sinners, by the power of his Gospel, be rescued from sin and Satan, is the one great business, for the sake of which the succession of day and night, summer and winter, is still maintained; and when the plan of redemption is consummated, sin, which now almost fills the earth, will then set it on fire.
And I doubt not but some who are yet unborn will hereafter clearly see and remark, that the present unhappy disputes between Great Britain and America, with their consequences, whatever they may be, are part of a series of events, of which the extension and interests of the church of Christ were the principal final causes. In a word, that Jesus may be known, trusted, and adored, and sinners, by the power of his Gospel, be rescued from sin and Satan, is the one great business, for the sake of which the succession of day and night, summer and winter, is still maintained; and when the plan of redemption is consummated, sin, which now almost fills the earth, will then set it on fire.
In other words, God's plan for human history (namely the spread of the gospel) will be consummated when Christ returns and this present creation is dissolved in a roar and made gloriously new. Until then, God continues working, committed to his purpose of building his church and spreading the gospel throughout the world.
Now, does this mean that members of the visible church on earth cannot be harmed in revolution? No.
Does this mean there are no sins on display in warfare? No. In fact Newton would write that war is the result of national sin and personal selfish ambition.
Does this mean that the church should seek to advance and grow through politics? Not according to Newton. He strongly urged Christians not to become heavily involved in politics except on the rare occasion that such a Christian was in a position of influence (William Wilberforce being a prime example).
Yet behind the revolution in his own time, Newton saw God's work. He would likely agree with a modern theologian who writes, "Even now Christ reigns secretly and invisibly over all empires and nations for the ultimate purpose of building his church" (see Ephesians 1:15-23).* Newton was quick to remember this when the fire of revolution was ignited in the Revolutionary War.
Newton viewed revolutions from a God-centered perspective, and this was no less true of the colonial revolution. He believed that God was "the great master-wheel" behind the revolution, and that his ultimate design was the growth of his church.
In the current unrest, many important questions remain. It's hard to identify all the causes and effects working behind the turmoil in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and elsewhere. And what will be the final result? Will political radicals gain the upper hand in these countries? Will the Middle East become less stable? Will these countries become more stable? These important questions are hard to answer.
Yet it's worth asking the big question that Newton raises in his own letters: Is it possible that in all of this turmoil, God is the invisible master-wheel behind the revolution, at work in the turmoil for his one, ultimate, driving goal—that Jesus Christ may be known, trusted, and adored?
Some reports indicate that this great business may already be happening. In any case it is a point worthy of our consideration, and a goal that is certainly worthy of our prayers as we watch history unfold.
Primary sources: The Works of John Newton (London: 1820), 1:501–505. Secondary source: *Michael Horton, The Christian Faith: A Systematic Theology for Pilgrims On the Way (Zondervan, 2011), 526.
C.J. Mahaney serves as the senior pastor of Sovereign Grace Church of Louisville. He has blogged here on pastoral ministry, Christian living, and (from time to time) sports.
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Gravity has a secret side. As well as the brute force that holds us to the ground, large masses should also exert a subtle swirling influence when they rotate, a force called gravitomagnetism. It's so faint that a NASA spacecraft called Gravity Probe B has been orbiting the Earth for over two years to accrue enough evidence to have a chance of confirming this force.
Yet in a lab in Austria, Martin Tajmar and his team have already succeeded in detecting a faint signal that seems to be due to this elusive component of gravity. A reason for celebration? Not quite. Puzzlingly, the force they seem to have generated is vastly more powerful than anyone else expected.
Despite its name, gravitomagnetism has nothing to do with magnetic fields as we think of them. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, a rotating mass such as a planet should twist the ...
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Invasive Species ProgramThe Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is committed to protecting aquatic lands from the harmful effects of invasive species. To this end, DNR has increased its effort to control noxious weeds on state-owned aquatic lands.The vision of the program involves the following elements:
DNR has management responsibilities to control noxious weeds on state-owned aquatic lands. Many of these weeds have been introduced to Washington as ornamental plants (purple loosestrife, giant hogweed), water garden plants (parrot feather milfoil), aquarium plants (Eurasian watermilfoil, Brazilian elodea, fanwort), shipping material (smooth cordgrass), and erosion control plants (common cordgrass). The plants have then escaped into our waterbodies, displacing native species and altering the physical and hydrologic conditions found naturally.Within the approximately 2.6 million acres of aquatic lands that DNR manages, noxious weeds are present in marine, estuarine, and freshwater conditions. Throughout the marine waters of Puget Sound, the kelp Sargassum muticum is found in lower intertidal and shallow subtidal rocky habitats displacing the native macroalgae. In our estuaries, invasive Spartina species (i.e., S. alterniflora, S. anglica, S. densiflora, S. patens) have become well established and are rapidly raising tidal elevations, displacing eelgrass and native marsh plants, and reducing habitat for migratory waterfowl, invertebrates, and possibly fish. In our lakes and streams, numerous invasive species are present, such as purple loosestrife, Brazilian elodea, and parrotfeather, and these, also, are outcompeting native plants and reducing habitat for wildlife. To maximize our efforts, DNR has joined forces with other agencies and organizations on weed control projects. Some of these projects (and partners) include Spartina Eradication Project in Willapa Bay (WSDA, WDFW, USFWS, UW, WSU, TNC, PCSGA), Brazilian elodea removal in the Chehalis River (Thurston County, Mason County), and knotweed control in the Stillaguamish and Skagit River watersheds (Stilly-Snohomish Fisheries Enhancement Task Force, TNC, Snohomish County, Skagit County).
Stop the Invasion - Report Sightings!Washington Invasive Species Council1-877-9-Infest


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Charles Belfoure
The Paris Architect
In 1942 Paris, the good guys are not all that good. We meet the hero/antihero of this novel, architect Lucien…
About our Reviews
Over the last 15 years The Historical Novels Review (the society's print magazine for our members) has published reviews of some 12,000 historical fiction books. We plan to upload them all and make them searchable here.


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Is it possible to install Microsoft Exchange 2007 on Micorsoft Windows Server 2008 Web Edition?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. It's 100% free, no registration required.
migrated from stackoverflow.com Nov 24 '09 at 14:20
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
You can only install Exchange client access on Windows 2008 wed edition; not the store or transfer agents.


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Ammonium phosphate fertilizer
I, the least and the worst - I, that thought myself crafty, snared ammonium phosphate fertilizer this herd of swine, In the tortures of hell and ammonium phosphate fertilizer, stripped of all that was mine All. - my friends and my fathers - the silver heads of yore That trooped to the council, the children that ran to the open door Crying with innocent voices and clasping a fathers knees. And mine, my wife - my daughter - my sturdy climber of trees Ah, never to climb again. Thus in the dusk of the night, For clouds rolled in the sky and the moon was swallowed from sight, Pacing and gnawing his fists, Rahero raged by the shore. Vengeance that must be his. But much was to do before; And first a single life to be snatched from a deadly place, A life, the root of revenge, surviving plant of the race And next the race to be raised anew, and the lands of the clan Repeopled. So Rahero designed, a prudent man Even in wrath, and turned for the means of revenge and escape A boat to be seized by stealth, a wife to be taken by ammonium phosphate fertilizer. Still was the dark lagoon; beyond on the coral wall, He saw the breakers shine, he heard them bellow and fall.
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New radar measurements of an enormous sea on Titan offer insights into the weather patterns and landscape composition of the Saturnian moon. The measurements, made in 2013 by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, reveal that the surface of Ligeia Mare, Titan's second largest sea, possesses a mirror-like smoothness, possibly due to a lack of winds.
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Check out our Video Tutorials
This tutorial shows you the basics of using the content manager (i.e. Searching, categories, editing, history, deleting and more)
Completely Customizable Web Content Management Solutions for online b2b and b2c businesses. Based in Toronto, Canada, Mantis CMS provides companies with an easy to use content management system, allowing anyone to quickly make web site updates to any page. Mantis Content Management System empowers users to edit content with a WYSISWYG editor, publish news pieces or blog posts using the News Publisher and Blog Tool, create appealing Photo Galleries, create Online Polls, manage and administer web site users and subscribers, display and add Events, allow users to register online via the online event registration system and publish Video lists and channels.
Mantis Content Management provides on-demand e-commerce for businesses to take their retail services online and increase profits, brand awareness and accessibility, increasing web site traffic and simplifying the online purchasing process.


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Mountain State University says its new and improved
The interim President of Mountain State University in Beckley says the school is overcoming the problems of the past. Changes include a new administrative structure, smaller teaching loads and and new planning processes, according to the Register-Herald. Interim President Richard Sours wrote in a letter to the community that the phrase "the new MSU" applies. A decision is pending on whether Mountain State it will keep its accreditation after the school was put on "show-cause'' status last year over what the board said were weaknesses in governance, leadership and faculty. A decision could come in July.
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Andrew Steele Movies and Career Information
Actor and Writer
Andrew Steele appeared in the 2009 film Public Enemies.
- Andrew Steele Movies before 2014
- Public Enemies 2009
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- Ladies Man 2000
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Curalate Launches with $750K in Seed Funding
Curalate, a Philadelphia, PA-based provider of a monitoring and analytics platform for socially curated sites, has launched today with $750k in seed funding.
The round was led by New Enterprise Associates (NEA), with participation from First Round Capital and MentorTech.
Led by CEO and co-founder Apu Gupta, Curalate provides a comprehensive monitoring and analytics solution for brands and agencies looking to measure both brand engagement and brand advocates' engagement.
The company is currently working with 150 innovative brands and agencies in industries spanning fashion, retail, publishing, automotive and consumer goods.
Brands and agencies using Curalate include Birchbox, Bonobos, Kraft Foods, ModCloth, Neiman Marcus, Real Simple,Warby Parker, Edelman Digital, FRWD, Bernstein-Rein, and Banyan Branch.
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text: |The Teutonia t-carrycot provides a place for your newborn to relax when you're on the go, with a fitted cushion for just the right combination of comfort and support. The t-carrycot from Teutonia includes the cushion, liner and canopy. For Babies: birth up to 20 lbs (approximately 6 mos old). ** Please Note: t-carrycot is NOT compatible with the t-linx system


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Home / Healthcare
Washington Regional: Working for patients, community
Each day the physicians, nurses and staff members at Washington Regional work together to make amazing things happen for the community. Their commitment to providing patient-centered care remains true despite... Continue reading
NWA hospitals provide top notch health care
When it comes to health care in Northwest Arkansas, patients are well taken care of. The three biggest hospitals — Mercy Northwest Arkansas, Northwest Medical Center and Washington Regional Medical... Continue reading
Massage Envy now operates two locations
Massage Envy in Northwest Arkansas is owned by Michael and Ana Thelma Harris and first opened in October 2007 in the Tuscany Square Shopping Center off Pleasant Grove Road in... Continue reading
Individual care top priority at Creekside
Creekside Center for Women provides a broad range of women's general medical care and specialized care regarding the female reproductive system. This includes care from puberty to post-menopause, including pre-pregnancy... Continue reading
Washington Regional Medical Center is recognized nationally
Washington Regional Medical Center in Fayetteville recently was named one of the nation's top hospitals for the 10th straight year. The Consumer Choice Awards identify hospitals whose consumers have recognized... Continue reading
Reaching out: Area health-care systems building network of clinics throughout the region
Health care is taking on a new face in Northwest Arkansas. The area's hospitals have spent more than a decade building, rebuilding and expanding. Now the health systems that run... Continue reading
Northwest Arkansas hospitals
Behavioral Health Unit 609 W. Maple Ave., Springdale Phone: (479) 750-2742 Website: psychiatry.uams.edu/PRINW/ Beds: 28 Opened: 2009 Owner: Partnership among the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences' Psychiatric Research Institute-Northwest,... Continue reading
Springdale orthodontist boasts 41 years' experience
Decades of experience in a family-oriented practice await patients of Lowder Orthodontics in Springdale. Dr. Tom Lowder has been practicing orthodontics for 41 years at his clinic on West Huntsville... Continue reading
Special Treatment
Siloam Springs just recently got a brand new regional hospital to replace its aging infirmary. "With this new facility, we are able to position ourselves as a regional hospital built... Continue reading
Helping Hands
Northwest Arkansas churches have seen and responded to the increased need for community aid since 2008, when the ongoing recession began. Faithful in their traditional and critical role of helping... Continue reading


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Las Ramblas Barcelona Photo Guide
Page Content
|Location of La Rambla to the nearest metro stop. Click for a magnified view of this map
Las Ramblas stretches from Monument a Colom in the south to Plaça de Catalunya in the North and many important streets and squares lead off from the Ramblas en-route.
How to get Las Ramblas
Metro: Drassanes(Green Line, L3) or Liceu (Green Line, L3) or Catalunya (Green Line, L3) and (Red Line, L1)
The order of the metro stops given here is from monument a Colom at the South end of the Ramblas to Plaça de Catalunya at the North end of the Ramblas. Barcelona Metro Map All three stops are actually on the Ramblas.
Hotels near La Rambla
La Rambla walking tour
Discover little-known, yet beautiful places, in around La Rambla that many tourists miss. Learn about the history and sights with a professionally guided walking tour of Las Ramblas by a local.
To start the photo tour of Las Ramblas click on the first picture in the table below. Remember you will get more out of this photo guide if you follow the photos in sequence.


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Survey says – RFPs increasing, but process improvements needed
"It's no secret that corporate legal departments have embraced the use of RFPs and other competitive bidding mechanisms to identify, vet and engage outside counsel," according to a recent survey conducted by LexisNexis®. The intent of the survey was to get a snapshot across law firms and determine the level of request for proposal (RFP) activity and corresponding efforts by law firms to respond. The survey was conducted from July 23 to August 3, 2012 and used responses from 213 law firms.
In reviewing the results, I think two things are clear:
- the use of RFPs as a tool for selecting outside counsel continues to increase
- significant process improvements are needed, on both the outside and inside counsel sides of the RFP process
Here are a few highlights from the report and my thoughts:
42 percent of respondents saw an increase in RFP activity at their firms over the past 12 months.
This tracks what we have been seeing in the marketplace over the past couple years. As a senior director at LexisNexis stated "the survey findings fall in line with a trend in recent years for corporations to seek formal proposals from firms."
A surprising number of survey respondents simply do not know the level of RFP activity underway at their firms.
To me, this is a real problem. I have discussed this issue with business development managers at several firms – the problem is that the RFPs come in all shapes and sizes (some paper, some electronic) and are sent directly to lawyers, who often fail to inform the rest of the firm of the RFP and their response. What we need is a better, centralized system for receiving RFPs and managing responses. This is where cloud software becomes crucial.
46 percent of RFP responses can be handled with fewer than 20 hours of effort, but 7 percent of RFP responses topped out at 40+ hours per response. On a yearly basis, a total of 1,175 hours per year are spent on responses at smaller firms. At the largest firms 4,800 hours!
These stats are staggering. At the largest firms, they essentially have 2.3 full-time employees working on RFP responses. At small firms – one half of a full time employee. As anyone that has worked at a small firm would know, that kind of overhead can be cost prohibitive. The solution – streamlined and concise RFPs. Moving away from 100+ page responses and getting proposals more targeted and more relevant. Utilizing a platform for instantly generated proposals and archiving of past responses for quick reference. And large firms shouldn't have an advantage because they can throw more hours at a response. Limit the length. Limit the waste.
Only a modest 58 percent of responses verified they bother to track wins and losses.
Put another way – 42 percent have no idea what the result was from their past RFPs. In light of the time spent (see above), this is shocking. What we need is an easy way to both track responses and receive feedback directly from inside counsel on all RFPs, regardless of outcome. Tracking results is a key way to measure ROI.
At RFPattorney, we are working hard to solve these problems with our cloud RFP software. Click to learn more.
A summary of the report can be found here.
Ryan Bowers
Founder of RFPattorney.com and author of the RFPattorney Blog. Over 8 years of experience practicing law, including past experience at an international law firm, a national law firm, and a small firm. Currently GC and VP Operations for large mechanical construction company. Midwesterner, home renovator, golden retriever wrangler, new dad, Wolverine, & avid hockey fan.
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What is RFPattorney?RFPattorney provides cloud legal RFPs for businesses and legal departments and a cloud legal marketing platform for lawyers. Our blog provides useful and interesting posts for lawyers, in-house counsel and those in need of legal services. You will also find news, updates and tips for effective use RFPattorney.com.
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Welcome to
The Wort Hotel
Jackson Hole's historic Four Diamond Wort Hotel, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is an elegant boutique hotel rich in history. Just off the Town Square, The Wort Hotel is in the center of restaurants, nightlife & shopping in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
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50 North Glenwood StreetPO Box 69Jackson, WY 83001
Phone: 1-800-322-2727Phone: 1-307-733-2190 Fax: 1-307-733-2067
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The historic Wort Hotel in downtown Jackson Hole, Wyoming offers the Jackson Hole traveler a boutique western lodging experience in the heart of the town of Jackson, WY.A landmark hotel that offers famous Western hospitality.


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Washington, D.C. (Vocus) February 23, 2010
America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) President and CEO Karen Ignagni this afternoon made the following remarks as prepared for delivery on the status of health care reform:
"There is an enormous amount of attention being paid right now to premium increases for people who obtain coverage in the individual insurance market – which represents about seven percent of those with private coverage today. This concern is understandable, especially at a time when people across the country are struggling to make ends meet and having to make tough choices in their personal budgets.
"The central policy question that should be asked is: what is driving these increases and whether the measures being proposed will work? Families are counting on policymakers to step up and address the problem so that costs are brought under control and all Americans have health security. Our members want that too.
"But there is a heavy dose of politics at work here. There has been a strenuous effort to focus on health plans because very few policymakers want to take on the real issue of why costs are rising. But they must take on these issues to assure American families and small businesses that health care reform will be affordable and sustainable.
"In addition, a weak economy is causing younger, healthier individuals to drop their insurance. As healthy people forego health insurance, the rates for those Americans who need coverage increases. That is why going into 2009 we advocated for robust insurance market reforms, including guaranteed coverage with no pre-existing condition exclusions or health status rating paired with an effective personal coverage requirement to get everyone covered.
"To suggest that cost containment can be achieved by singling out health plans ignores the very inconvenient truth that premium increases reflect increases in the underlying cost of medical services.
"Regulating premiums won't do anything to reduce the soaring costs of medical care. This would be like capping the prices auto makers can charge consumers, but letting the steel, rubber, and technology manufacturers charge the auto makers whatever they want.
"There is also a lot of attention on health plans' profits. The track record shows that this is an efficient, low-margin industry whose margins are consistently lower than other sectors in health care. According to Yahoo! Finance's latest analysis of quarterly financial data, the net profit margin for the entire health care sector is 11%, while health plans' net profit margin is 3.4%.
"In fact, out of every dollar the nation spends on health care, less than one penny goes to health plan profits. It is time to ask: what are we doing about the other 99 cents?
"We need to ask this question because new health spending projections released by CMS recently found that health care's share of the economy grew 1.1 percentage points in 2009 – the largest one-year increase in health care's share of the GDP since the federal government began keeping track in 1960. The report notes that the 'two primary drivers of growth…are medical prices and utilization.'
"The Council of Economic Advisors last year modeled out the impact of reducing the rate of growth in health care costs by 1.5% per year for a decade. That is the kind of goal around which the nation should rally. But we won't even achieve a small fraction of that goal by exclusively looking at health plan administrative costs and profits.
"Examples of unsustainable cost increases abound:
"The nation needs a systematic, comprehensive process to ensure that health care costs are brought under control and that coverage becomes and remains affordable for all Americans. That means looking closely and continually at all of the areas that make our health care system unaffordable:
"The refusal to fundamentally address underlying medical costs leaves policymakers with two financing options: cutting Medicare and raising taxes. The American people are understandably very concerned about that approach. They want—and our country needs—health care reform that reduces the rate of growth of health care costs."
Robert Zirkelbach
America's Health Insurance Plans – Providing Health Benefits to More Than 200 Million Americans


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Royal 4's Food Distribution Technology
Whether you are a producer, packer, distributor, broker, or warehouse, Royal 4 has a solution for you. We specialize in the food marketplace and have many customers worldwide; Not only are we in compliance with the US regulations on traceability and compliance, but also with the more stringent International regulations. Royal 4 was founded in 1984.
We take things a step further than our competitors.
- WISE is a standalone product which can interface to any financial package that has a real database.
- WISE is highly configurable, so that we can adapt it to the way you do business,not force you to do it our way.
- We also offer a complete financial package that is completely scalable and used by small companies to Fortune 500 companies, with multi language, currency, companies, cost centers etc.
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- And most importantly, we turn a cost into a profit center
Royal 4 Systems, Inc. can provide a comprehensive traceability solution for your company. By implementing the WISE real time, rules based warehouse management system; you can trace your product through the complete supply chain. With WISE you will have real time visibility across all of the touch points in the supply chain. The ROI (return on investment) is less than a year and we guarantee results.
WISE is a true rules based system that will maximize the information you have about your products, manage your resources and reduce costs, all without changing the way you do business. WISE keeps track of cartons, pallets, mixed pallets, repacks and processed items with lot control from the source to the store.
Call (888-876-9254) or e-mail (email@example.com) for details.


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News - Afghanistan
A ten-year old girl was detained wearing a suicide vest in southern Helmand province on Sunday night, local officials said.
The small girl is known as Spozhmai and is from the Khanshin District of Helmand.
Based on initial investigations, the girl's brother was serving as a commander for the Taliban and he coerced her into carrying out a suicide attack on Afghan security forces.
"My brother, who serves as a Taliban commander, asked me to wear my dress and then the suicide jacket," Spozhmai said. "After that he left me outside, I was there for several minutes and was shivering from cold, then I shouted and the security forces picked me up."
Local law enforcement in Helmand have said they believe the girl's brother is named Zahir, but goes by Hamid Saheb.
"It seems that the brother of the girl who serves as the Taliban commander has fled the area," said Hamidullah Sediqi, the chief of the Sixth Battalion of Afghan Border Police (ABP) in Helmand.
Reportedly, Spozhmai was unable to operate the button to detonate the suicide vest. Despite such issues with reliability, the Taliban has long used preadolescent, uneducated boys to carry out suicide bombings. It is rare to find a young girl wrapped up in it though.
Spozhmai has been transferred to the provincial capital of Lashkargah.


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Help, I Have No Mudroom!
I'm back! After months off from both renovating my basement and blogging about it, I am well-rested and ready for more blog posts. Thing is, in the time off so many friends, colleagues and readers have commented or emailed me with questions, and almost always about some odd little fakery I used to solve a problem — and there were many in that basement redo. This made me think that design problem solving would be a good topic for a blog.
So here we go: What do you do when your house has no foyer but you hate sitting in your living room and staring at a hallway of shoes, or feeling the cold draft when your front door opens?
Check this out:
Despite that fact that a co-worker I shared this shot with thought it resembled a British phone booth, I love this idea. Whodathunk. Obviously this is for the open-concept dweller and would work well in spaces like lofts or a house with a good size front room, but what a great solution. Don't you love how the bottom of the box is solid which means shoes, bags and dirty mats are hidden from view? And with the uppers made from windows, you get all the natural light from the front door sidelights. It also makes the idea of using stone or tile in the front hallway easy to coordinate, as it answers the oft-asked question, where do I stop the tile and start the hardwood?
Of course, for a less complicated solution we only have to look to neighbourhood bistros on windy wintery nights, when they have their thick velvet drapes hanging to keep back the cold for those patrons sitting close to the door.
Here House & Home published their own take on that idea with a tapestry hung in the arch from entry hall to living room. Easily done by hanging a drapery rod on the hallway side of the arch, hanging the tapestry with clip rings and using a tie-back to give it some shape when sitting open. Close it and you block cold and mess.
Anyone else frustrated by not having a foyer? What do you do about it?
For more ideas on how to create an entryway or mudroom in a front living room, see Living Room As Entryway.
Photo credits:
1. Unknown source: Help! Does anyone know where this shot comes from?
2. Shot for the February 2007 issue of House & Home, photography by Tracy Shumate
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Environment Canada has issued a severe thunderstorm for the Southwest corner of the province for Tuesday night.
Both the Shaunavon - Maple Creek - Val Marie - Cypress Hills plus the Leader - Gull Lake forecast regions are under warnings with the potential development of severe thunderstorms with large hail and damaging winds.
Environment Canada advised that thunderstorms are forecast to develop along a trough line over Montana this afternoon, and as these thunderstorms move into Southwestern Saskatchewan this evening they may produce severe weather.
As of Tuesday afternoon, all of Southern Alberta was under warnings or watches for severe thunderstorms.
Swift Current's evening forecast is for a 30 per cent chance of showers, with the risk of a thunderstorm. Wednesday's forecast has a daytime high of 28 Celsius along with a 30 per cent chance of showers, with the risk of an afternoon thunderstorm.


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Marketing Information
Newly designed for 2010 with a bigger display and bigger sound, the iP90 represents the latest in iHome's #1 clock radio franchise. Made to charge, play and wake to iPhone/iPod, it has many great features including a remote, AM/FM pre-sets, dual alarm, Time Sync, 7-5-2 alarm settings and more. Rest assured knowing you'll never miss that phone call and enjoy phenomenal sound around the clock with our Reson8 stereo speaker chambers.
Battery Information
Built-in Devices
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General Information
Package Contents
Green Compliance
Green Compliance Certificate/Authority
Physical Characteristics
Power Description
Technical Information


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WHAT is Italy famous for? Food, yes; flash cars, for some; footballers and fab fashions... but Italian dinosaurs? Italy was arguably the home of palaeontology more than 500 years ago, so it is surprising that its dinosaurs have not received too much publicity, and certainly high time the story of Dinosaurs of Italy is told.
All is revealed in this nice little book by Cristiano Dal Sasso of the Museum of Natural History in Milan. As a legitimate member of the small international community of dinosaur experts, Dal Sasso is well placed and qualified to tell the story of the dinosaurs of Italy and their discovery for the general reader.
Italy has a dozen or more important "dinosaur" sites, representing times from the mid-Triassic (235 million years ago) to the late Cretaceous (85 million). The site at Gubbio records their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. The sites range ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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The fastest way to locate skacel products in your area!
Remember, being a wholesaler/manufacturer, we do not sell directly to the retail public. But don't worry, we've created a wonderful tool to find a LYS in your area! To locate a Skacel stockist near you, simply choose your state from the scroll-down list, and click "submit". Results are published in alphabetical order by city.Your search may yield multiple pages of results. Navigate pages by clicking on the page numbers at the bottom of the screen. Remember, if your local yarn shop does not carry a specific Skacel product, they can order it for you!Searching for a LYS in Canada? Click here to visit our Canadian distributor, and view their wonderful site which contains links to all Canadian shops!


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Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Fusion Science and Technology / Volume 26 / Number 4
F. Pegoraro
Fusion Science and Technology
Volume 26 / Number 4 / December 1994 / Pages 1243-1249
Format:electronic copy (download)
Research in plasma physics and in controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) is an interdisciplinary field that involves the understanding and the solution of a new type of physical problem. Efforts to find scientific proof of the feasibility of CTF in the laboratory have led to the development of innovative ideas about the behavior of collective nonequilibrium systems that are of relevance in other areas of physics.
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Scientists funded by RNID, the national charity for deaf and hard of hearing people, have discovered evidence of a gene that contributes to age-related hearing loss. The research, just published in the journal Human Mutation1, could eventually lead to treatments being developed to prevent age-related hearing loss, the charity believes.
Hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment among older people, affecting around 6.5 million people aged over 60 in the UK2,. Hearing loss erodes the quality of life for many, making it difficult for them to communicate with their family and friends, which can lead to increasing isolation. Currently, there is no way of identifying those at risk or preventing the onset of hearing loss.
The RNID-funded project, led by Professor Guy Van Camp at the University of Antwerp, tested the hearing of 645 people aged between 40 and 80. Genetic analysis of a gene called KCNQ4 showed significant differences in its sequence between those with a hearing loss and those without, which was confirmed in a separate study of a further 664 people. The findings indicate that KCNQ4, a gene known to function in the ear, contributes to age-related hearing loss. To confirm this, additional research needs to be carried out to identify the sequence changes that alter the way the gene works.
Dr Ralph Holme, RNIDs Biomedical Research Manager, says: Many people consider hearing loss as an inevitable part of ageing, rather than a potentially preventable condition. This research provides another important piece of the jigsaw in highlighting a gene associated with age-related hearing loss. It offers real hope that treatments will be found and we are optimistic that in the future people will no longer face the prospect of losing their hearing as they age.
RNID urges anyone who is concerned about their hearing to take its five minute, confidential, telephone hearing check on 0845 600 55 55 (local rates apply).
The check is part of RNIDs Breaking the Sound Barrier Campaign, a bold campaign which aims to change attitudes towards hearing loss and hearing aids. The campaign aims to reach out to the 4 million people in the UK3, who are losing their hearing but doing nothing about it.
1 Professor Van Camp headed the research at the University of Antwerp and the findings are published in the journal Human Mutation (Vol.28, August, 2006) at www.wiley.com/humanmutation
2, Davis AC, Hearing in Adults, London: Whurr Publishers Ltd. 1995.
3, Medical Research Council (MRC) Hearing & Communication Group, University of Manchester.
RNID is the leading charitable funder focussed on supporting medical research into deafness, hearing loss and tinnitus in Europe. Last year the organisation invested 1million of voluntary income in scientific research.
About RNID
Each year RNID invites applications for its medical research grant programme which are rigorously peer reviewed by experts around the world and by RNID's medical research advisory panel, consisting of leading UK hearing research scientists and practitioners. Research grants typically last three years and are awarded to the best research proposals anywhere in the world. RNID also supports Ph.D studentships and knowledge transfer awards.
RNID is the national charity changing the world for the UK's 9 million deaf and hard of hearing people.
As a membership charity, we aim to achieve a radically better quality of life for deaf and hard of hearing people. We do this in the following ways:
- Campaigning and lobbying to change laws and government policies.
- Challenging negative perceptions around deafness and hearing loss.
- Providing information and raising awareness of deafness, hearing loss and tinnitus.
- Training courses and consultancy on deafness and disability.
- Communication services including sign language interpreters.
- Training of interpreters, lipspeakers and speech-to-text operators.
- Seeking lasting change in education for deaf children and young people.
- Employment programmes to help deaf people into work.
- Care services for deaf and hard of hearing people with additional needs.
- Typetalk, the national telephone relay service for deaf and hard of hearing people.
- Equipment and products for deaf and hard of hearing people.
- Social, medical and technical research.
For more information about RNID, visit: www.rnid.org.uk or email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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If you are a user of WordPress and a user of the Thesis Theme then you really to check out the remarkable discussion between Matt Mullenweg, head honcho of WordPress, and Chris Pearson, author of Thesis which took place on July 14 and was ably refereed by Andrew Warner.
I have great respect for both the antagonists, both acutely intelligent and commercially aware, but very different in style: Chris is fiery, passionate and arrogant while Matt is cool, thoughtful and calculated. And Matt's business is probably worth at least 100 times Chris's business so the match is very far from equal in terms of the resources and support each can bring to the table.
Both have made great contribution to software that I use to support my clients: Matt with WordPress, and Chris with the Thesis Theme, so I really would like these guys to get on well…
How The GNU Public License Works
The debate certainly opened my eyes wider regarding the GPL (GNU Public Licence). On initial reading it seems pretty fair and reasonable and the consequences tend to benefit the developers of software and the user community at large. So it sounds pretty good. This how it breaks down:
You are free to copy existing GPL software, amend, distribute and charge for that code as long as pass the same rights on with the distribution of the amended product.
From the developer perspective, it sounds fair: you get some code for free, you add to it to make it a bit better, and anyone else is free to do the same.
This is a bit like the work of the scientific community with the result being a growing, ever improving, FREE body of knowledge; except in this case the knowledge is encapsulated as software.
So far, so good, and hence you might ask: why don't we develop all software this way?
Well the reason is… money. Or more accurately, GETTING PAID for WORK DONE. Let me elaborate.
In the case where the developer takes an existing piece of works and improves it, the GNU Public License makes perfect sense. However its rationale breaks down for me in other scenarios, specifically where original works are concerned.
Non Derivative Works
Let's say I build a piece of non GPL software product from scratch that has a lot of business value to my customers. I sell that product to my clients for $200 and they use it and are happy. And then a few of my customers would like the product made available as a WordPress plugin so I add the few lines of code necessary to interact with WordPress.
The work is in no way a derivative of WordPress: it just happens to be able to be called from WordPress. However, due to WordPress's plugin listing requirements I am obliged to make my WordPress Plugin licensed under the GNU Public License. No big deal you might say, but this is how the GPL works in practice…
The Problem With The GNU Public License
1. I can charge money for the software product(that bit is not a problem, but it is coming soon)
2. The person who buys it can also legally sell it and undercut my price (that's a problem)
3. Another person who buys it can legally put the software on a free download site (and that's an even bigger problem)
So my potential customers can either get my product from me for $200 (which was what I sold it for when it was not wrapped as a WordPress Plugin) or for free from a download site. Which are they going to choose?
GPL Software is Effectively Free (Zero Cost) Software
The GNU Public License has made my software product zero cost: I can only get customers to buy it from me if I offer additional services such as upgrades and support. And in reality, they are not buying the product, what they are in fact doing is buying support. Now, if I were happy to hire, train, motivate a large team of support staff that would be fine but let's just say I don't want to make money through running a large support team. Maybe my product is pretty good, easy to use and my clients don't need to call often so I can hardly sell them expensive support contracts since they do not need them.
A few years ago I developed some software for a banking client and after I had completed they gave me a support contract for $800 monthly retainer for up to 4 hours support. After the initial six months they decided not to renew the retainer because they had not called me once. The software worked just fine without support.
Support and Services Are Not Always Viable
Now the support model may work if your are continually updating the software with new features but if the software is more narrowly focussed and simply does the job well then the GNU Public License does not offer the developer a way to get remunerated for the work in the same the way an author gets paid for their original creative works. This indicates that some software is just not suited to run under GPL if you want to get paid for your efforts.
Maybe this suggests that only buggy, difficult-to-use software that needs lots of support is ideal for GNU Public Licensing?
Except that's not true, the multiple eyes that review and debug GPL code probably means it is of higher quality than proprietary software: after all, as Eric Steven Raymond, of ambassador of open source, proclaimed "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".
Sometimes I want to give free code to the WordPress Community; other times I don't, because I have bills to pay, and perhaps sometimes, I have just worked too darn hard, and thought too much about the problem, to give it all away for nothing before I have had a chance to get something back
The problem remains: how to make money from GPL software? And just to be clear: making money from code is not a bad thing: even developers have families to feed.
How To Make Money From GPL Software with WordPress Plugins
The short answer is you can't. At least not directly from selling fully GPL code. But the WordPress Plugin guidelines only require the plugin to be GPLv2 compatible which means you can license your plugin under for the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 3 which allows you to link to modules that are not fully GPLv3 licensed. [For more detailed information check out the GPL Compatiability Matrix. Good luck, you will need it when you get there.]
So we have an out. What we can do is follow Matt's Mullenweg's example with his Akismet plugin. Develop your a proprietary non GPL service hosted on another server and create a LGPL WordPress plugin that calls that service. We are then back to good old client server with a GPL client and a proprietary server. Hosting the clever bit of your plugin on your own server means that it is outside the GPL and hence you can protect your investment.
And if this circumvention of the full GPL is good enough for Matt then it is got to be good enough for all other WordPress Plugin Developers.
You can charge your customers for each use, a monthly charge or whatever, without risk of your code being copied(stolen), repackaged and resold as would be the case under GPL.
And when you have paid all your bills, cleared the mortgage, you can then license it under the GPL, and let others improve the code.
Back To Matt and Chris
So where does that leave us with Matt and Chris? Chris wrote the Thesis Theme that uses WordPress as the underlying platform. Let's says 95% of the code is original and that Chris's model of "how to build a website is overlaid on top of WordPress" is unique and hence is dependent on WordPress but not a derivative of WordPress (A 5% overlap cannot be rationally described as a derivative) through there is a good case to be made by Mark Jaquith that all WordPress Themes are a derivative of WordPress.
The bottom line is that the mere fact that WordPress causes the Thesis theme to run is sufficient for the GPL to be invoked (should Chris wish to distribute Thesis and he does given he wants to make some money). Therefore as WordPress is under the GNU Public License then Thesis needs to be GPL too (but that's only if you believe in the GPL is enforceable)
Chris has said that since he is the creator of Thesis then he should not be dictated to by WordPress (and the GPL) and forced to license his code under their terms and not his. But that is not how the GPL is intended to operate.
Judging by Chris's comments about the 'inorganic nature' of GPL in his otherwise organic business, he simply feels that the GPL is unenforceable because it removes protection of the rights of the creator of a piece of original work.
Maybe from Chris's perspective, the "freedom" that GPL offers is the freedom for others to steal his work, and that is a freedom he does not want.
Rather than GPL being untested in court because it is solid (other than in Germany and in a case where significant copying of Linux kernel code had taken place so the judgment was clear), I think the converse is true: nobody has gone to court because they are looking at enormous legal and expert witness fees with little idea of how the judgement will go.
Do you spend $10 million with a 50% chance of success or settle out of court for $1 million – easy decision? You need a stubborn nature and deep pockets to play that game. But then Chris has a stubborn nature and Matt has deep pockets so maybe there will be a day in court to get a judgment on GPL (only for another judge to overturn the judgement on appeal 6 months later)
What Next?
Basically, if push comes to shove, then rather than go to court, I think Chris should move Thesis under GPL as a hard headed business decision to limit the risk to his business, help heal the wound in the WordPress community, and let him focus his attention on making Thesis even better.
The whole issue is one enormous distraction right now and is consuming too much energy that could be put into making WordPress and Thesis even better.
The GPL issue is simply not a good enough cause for Chris to risk losing his business over. It might be for him, on a point of principle, but it is not for these of us who are members of both the WordPress and Thesis communities.


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Is Odd Future Turning Hip-Hop Atheist? What Happened To Jesus Walks?
While reading Huffington Post, I cam across this interesting article from Pastor Michael W. Waters of Joy Tabernacle A.M.E. Church, discussing the state of hip-hop and groups like Lil B and Odd Future that seem to reject spirituality for a more demonic violent based style of rapping. Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All (their full name) embrace freedom of speech through the promotion of violence, blasphemy, killing, and even rape. Like many of you, I believe in freedom of expression in hip-hop, but when teens are exploring the occult and rejecting God out right, is it time to really be concerned?
Pastor Waters is not the only person expressing concern, Chris Brown made the same point on twitter, which landed him in a beef with Frankie Ocean that almost turned violent.
All this demonic music is wack as ish, what happened to be being happy. I never claim to be no saint but by no means am I trying to promote death, violence,and destruction with my music.
Pastor Waters acknowledges that hip-hop has always been violent and misogynous, but even still there was always an underlining sense that rappers believed in God, and felt some kind redemption despite their lifestyle. Think about songs like Only God Can Judge Me, Heaven For A G, Jesus Walks, Crossroads, and A Minute For Your Son. But with groups like Odd Future, God seems to be the enemy.
Do you think the new generation of hip-hop is heading in the wrong direction or is it just freedom of expression? Check out some of these lyrics! SMH!
So Dwayne Wade Cheated On Gabrielle Union With Lauren London! Plus Shaq Wanted Rihanna!
OMG! Shaquille O'Neal has been involved in a lot of drama, and since his divorce from Shaunie O'Neal more and more details are coming out. Anyway, a series of e-mails between Shaquille O'Neal and a former Newsweek reporter, Allison Samuels has been leaked by Shawn Darling, the former business associate who was suing Shaquille O'Neal for intimidation. (Keep up there are a lot of details)
The e-mails reveal that Allison Samuels of Newsweek was the liaison between Shaq and many industry women, including model Sessilee Lopez. Allison tried to hook Shaq up with different women, including herself. This was all back in 2008 when Shaquille O'Neal was still married to Shaunie. (Soak it all in)
Here's where the drama begins. One of the women Shaquille O'Neal wanted to hook up with was actress Lauren London. Allison was unable to hook Shaq up with Lauren London because she was dating Dwayne Wade, who was also dating Gabrielle Union while he was also married to Siovaughn Wade. All of this is written in the e-mail exchange below:
Read the e-mail/text exchange below: Man this is messy! Oh! and Shaq also wanted to hook-up with Rihanna, when she was barely 19. O_0
Read More
Samuels: Hi. firstname.lastname@example.com [FYI, the email address bounces back]. Or I can give her your info? She's not in the country until Wed so maybe then is better because she hasn't answered me about something else I asked her about. Also she asked about your personal life and I told her_whatever it is_-I'm sure you had it under control. Still waiting on Robinne's response.
Shaq: Sesslie aintdat fine whts robins last name
Samuels: You are so wrong! Robinne Lee_she's on Tyler Perry's show sometimes. Do you know Lauren London_I don't_but I know James Lassiter knows how to reach her. You ever dealt with her_is she cool? Sharon Leal??
Shaq: Loren is d wade's girl im not wrong sesslie aint my type u r
Lil Wayne Wants To Kidnap Beyonce For Jay-Z Ransom Money
Back when H.A.M. was first released, Jay-Z fired a few shots at Lil Wayne and Birdman, calling them out on their money.
I'm like really half a billi ninja, Really you got baby money / Keep it real with ninjas, ninjas aint got my lady money.
Lil Wayne initially took the high road, but promised to address the issue in a song. Well the song, It's Good from the Carter IV, has finally addressed the issue…Weezy did not take the high road this time, and all I can say is: Poor Beyonce caught in the middle of boys' game!
Find out how Lil Wayne responded. Hint: It involves kidnapping and a play on "baby money"…Read More
Will & Jada Pinkett Smith Still Together In Malibu
I don't know what sparked rumors of a separation, but Will and Jada Pinkett Smith are making it known publicly via a few publicity stunts, that they are still together, and happily married. At least that's what the paparazzi pictures and videos show. Will and Jada were spotted at Bob Morris' Beach Cafe in Malibu, dressed like twins. Whatever it is or is NOT, I hope Will and Jada continue to work their marriage out for the long haul.
In case you're not convinced the rumors are false, there is a video, too, that shows the couple being affectionate. Jada also calls Will "baby"…Read More


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Providing customers in Greenville, Spartanburg, and Simpsonville with landscaping services including design, installation, lawn care, retaining walls, walkways, patios, and irrigation.
Company's website presents news, information on stockholders, a corporate officers directory, and contact details.
Offering absorbent recycling, waste minimization, absorbent sales and disposal.
The United States Department of Agriculture presents statistical data about income, employment, education, population, farm characteristics and indicators, and top commodities, exports, and counties for South Carolina.
Official energy statistics from the U.S. Government. Information about resources, consumption, population, employment, and prices.
Offering, free groceries, coupons, gift cards, gift baskets, pig merchandise, recipes, commercials, and more.
Dining guide offers a search for statewide restaurants, wineries and breweries, schools, chefs and tours, as well as festivals, events and recipes.
Offers replacement, vinyl, and new construction windows in North Carolina.


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IOWA CITY - Jarryd Cole stuck it out through some tough years in the Iowa basketball program. Cole played 3 years under Todd Lickliter and 1 under current Head Coach Fran McCaffery. While battling injuries in college Cole never complained. Now he's trying to make his professional dreams come true.
Cole spent last year playing professionally in Iceland. He averaged 21 points 10 rebounds a game and now is headed to a larger, better league in France. The power forward has more big news for next year. He will be getting married. Jarryd is engaged to current Hawkeye basketball player Trisha Nesbitt. Nesbitt will be a Senior PG this year for Lisa Bluder's squad. The two have been dating for a little over 2 years.
Jarryd said he 'choked' a bit while popping the question to Trisha (he wrote and read her a poem) but he did it, and it was a complete surprise to Trisha. Nesbitt will finish out her Senior year of college while Jarryd plays in France. The two will then be married on June 15th of 2013 and then head out to wherever Jarryd's professional career takes them.
Check out the video story.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Former Hawkeye Jarryd Cole Getting Married to Current Hawkeye
By John Sears, Reporter
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Artistically designed and created in Germany, this Hansel teddy bear comes to us from popular Grimm fairytale Hansel & Gretel. This bear has been handcrafted and is a genuine Limited Edition item. He's individually numbered on the paw with embroidery.
Limited edition of 250.
Dimensions: 11-3/4"H
Made in Germany.


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Reebok Men's Winnipeg Jets White Away Replica Jersey
Product Information:
Feel like a pro when you sport your favorite team's jersey in the Reebok® Men's Winnipeg Jets Replica Away White Jersey. The jersey is designed to look and feel just like the jerseys worn on the ice by your favorite Jets. The team crest is embroidered on the front with the Reebokreg; logo on the neck and left sleeve. The jersey's two-way stretch pique core body will keep you comfortable from the drop of the puck to the final buzzer.
- Winnipeg Jets Away Replica hockey player jersey
- Full-color alternate Jets logo embroidered on front with a blank back
- Reebok® logo on back neck and left sleeve
- NHL® shield patch on front neck insert
- Two-way stretch pique core body
- Official NHL® locker tag at left hem
- Officially licensed by the NHL®
- Fabric: 100% polyester
- Reebok
Country of Origin: IndonesiaWeb ID: 19394496


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By STEVEN NALLEY
The Oktibbeha County Health Department at 203 Yeates St. will host an immunization clinic from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Wednesday to provide children and adolescents with the immunizations they need to enter school, including the Tdap vaccination now required for all children entering seventh grade.
The Mississippi Department of Health enacted this requirement in April, joining 41 other states, and it takes effect this 2012-2013 school year. This vaccination costs $10 and protects against pertussis, also known as whooping cough, along with diphtheria and tetanus.
Paul Byers, state epidemiologist, said the whooping cough vaccination has been available for a number of years, but Mississippi has seen outbreaks of the disease. The number of reported cases across the U.S. has increased since the early 2000s, Byers said.
"Pertussis in the U.S. has actually become the most common vaccine-preventable disease that we see now ... when we consider those routine childhood diseases," Byers said. "We do know pertussis is a problem for us (in Mississippi). We do see cases reported every year."
Robert Curry, MDOH District Health Officer for the Prairie Hills District that includes Oktibbeha, said Tdap is similar to the DTaP vaccination, protecting against the same diseases with a different mixture of the vaccines.
"This new one is actually the adult version of it," Curry said. "That's the real difference between the two. We're really just now following the guidelines that have been recommended ... since 2006. We feel like this is the time to try to go ahead and protect the people of Mississippi."
Byers said the need for the new vaccination for seventh graders arises because while DTaP does bestow resistance to whooping cough, the resistance decreases over time.
"That leaves those children in the adolescent age groups susceptible," Byers said. "Children in this age group can get infections and in addition be a source of infection for children less than 12 months of age who haven't completed their initial vaccinations and are vulnerable to more severe complications."
Curry said many parents may not be aware of the new requirement for seventh graders. In response to the new requirement, he said, health departments throughout the state offered Tdap for free for two weeks in June, with minimal response. This time, he said, there are no plans to offer the immunizations free.
"We anticipate this is probably going to pick up the first few weeks before and after school," Curry said. "We certainly encourage parents to call ahead. We want to expedite them getting their immunizations coming in and getting back out. We don't want anybody waiting longer than they need to."
Curry said all required immunizations for children entering school for the first time are available as well, including DTaP, polio, hepatitis B, MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) and chicken pox. The human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and other boosters are also available for adolescents, he said.
"Any of the child immunizations that might have been missed in prior treatments, we can see what they might need," Curry said. "We can work to try to get that information as well If they've had immunizations at another pediatrician's office. If (parents) have immunization records ... anything they might have certainly would be helpful."
Curry said parents should not be afraid of repeating immunizations children have already taken if they are unsure about their children's immunization histories.
"It's typically not a problem," Curry said. "None of these immunizations pose a significant health risk if they are repeated."
Other health departments throughout the state are conducting similar clinics Curry said, and a second OCHD clinic is set for Aug. 8. Curry said immunization is important not only for whooping cough but for other dormant illnesses that once killed millions of people.
"Measles, mumps, rubella, all of those are problems that have markedly decreased over time," Curry said. "We don't want that sort of thing to happen again. These truly are dangerous diseases. Prevention is extremely important for this. Treatment for these diseases is very limited, and prevention is really the only way to go."