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A recessed light or downlight (also pot light in Canadian English, sometimes can light [for canister light] in American English) is a light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a ceiling. When installed it appears to have light shining from a hole in the ceiling, concentrating the light in a downward direction as a broad floodlight or narrow spotlight.
There are two parts to recessed lights, the trim and housing. The trim is the visible portion of the light. It is the insert that is seen when looking up into the fixture, and also includes the thin lining around the edge of the light. The housing is the fixture itself that is installed inside the ceiling and contains the light socket.
The earliest recessed lights were developed around the early 1940s.
In North America, recessed housings generally fall into one of four categories.
The main purpose of the housing is to ensure that no flammable materials come into contact with the hot lighting fixture. Badly-housed downlights can be a fire hazard, though all newer ones contain a thermal reset switch for safety.
Recessed lighting styles have evolved with more manufacturers creating quality trims for a variety of applications. You can find recessed lighting trim with the standard baffle in black or white, which is the most popular. They are made to absorb extra light and create a crisp architectural appearance. There are cone trims which produce a low-brightness aperture. Multipliers are offered which are designed to control the omni-directional light from "A" style incandescent light bulbs and compact fluorescents. Lens trim is designed to provide a diffused light and protect the lamp. Lensed trims are normally found in wet locations.
The luminous trims combine the diffused quality of lensed trim but with an open down light component. Adjustable trim allows for the adjustment of the light whether it is eyeball style, which protrudes from the trim or gimbal ring style, which adjusts inside the recess. These lights allow for full versatility. Lastly, there are the wall-washer trims, which are designed to eliminate the often seen "scalloped light effect".
There are two types of light bulbs for recessed lighting: directional and diffuse. Directional lamps (R, BR, PAR, MR) contain reflectors that direct and control the light. Diffuse lamps (A, S, PS, G) control light distribution through their omni-directional light.


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Product Reference: 41743
Why not View a video about this product?
Adhesive gel pad to keep your phone secure
This smart case features an adhesive gel pad that slides to allow access to your phone's camera holes. Simply press your phone down to the adhesive gel and slide it up to gain this unusual access.
Folio design to keep your phone fully protected at all times
The folio design of this case fully encompasses your phone, protecting it with a soft lining to minimise scratches and damage to the touchscreen of your handset.
Two credit card slots for your convenience
The case incorporates two credit card slots, so you can minimise what you carry around with you, and keep your personal possessions close by.
Suitable for multiple devices
Given that this case is a universal case, it is fully functional with a variety of different handset models, as listed in our compatibility page of this product.
Take photos while your phone stays protected
The Uunique Universal Small Slider Folio Wallet case's sliding design allows you to take photos without removing the case, so you can snap away whenever the moment takes you, while your phone stays safe and protected.
77mm x 129mm
Acer: Liquid M220
Alcatel: OneTouch Idol, OT 991, OT-292
Apple: iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, iPhone 5S
Energy: Phone Neo
Huawei: Ascend Y210D
LG: Escape, F60, G3 Beat, G3 S, L40, L90 Dual, Optimus Hub, Spirit, Spirit 4G
Microsoft: Lumia 435, Lumia 532, Lumia 535
Motorola: Moto E 2nd Gen, Photon 4G
Samsung: Champ Deluxe Duos, Galaxy Avant, Galaxy Chat B5330, Galaxy Core 4G, Galaxy J1, Galaxy S3 Mini, Galaxy S4 Mini, Galaxy Stellar, Galaxy Victory 4G, Z1
Sony: Xperia A2, Xperia E1, Xperia E4, Xperia E4g, Xperia tipo dual
Spice: Dream Uno
Wiko: Birdy 4G, Cink Slim, Cink Slim 2, Goa, Kite 4G, Sunset
ZTE: Blade 2, Kis 3, Kis 3 Max, KPN Smart 200, ZTE Blade Q Mini

subset: commoncrawl


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In general CC stand for a variety of beauty terms. For IMAN Cosmetics, CC is short for Correct & Cover. It is multifunctioning product that corrects over time with skin care ingredients that nourish and contribute to a healthy, even skin tone and it covers instantly concealing imperfections like dark under eye circles, blemishes and discoloration.
IMAN CC Correct & Cover has a unique formula that starts as a fine, silky powder so it is easy to apply and light to touch. Once the product is applied, it transforms on the skin into a smooth, even coverage cream concealer that camouflages dark under eye circles and other discolorations with a soft, dewy application. It de-emphasizes any lines and wrinkles and gives a smooth luxurious feel that is comfortable and natural looking on skin.
The term "BB" stands for Beauty Balm. IMAN Skin Tone Evener BB Crème is a daily use tinted moisturizer that has a soft, semi-sheer veil of color for a subtle coverage and has Skin Tone Evener Complex, SPF 15 and other skin care benefits which help to even the complexion, hydrate and protect skin from sun damage. IMAN CC Correct is the perfect complement to BB Crème. It conceals any areas not covered by BB Crème and also contains Skin Tone Evener Complex which further promotes a healthy, even complexion.
IMAN CC Correct & Cover is formulated with IMAN Skin Tone Evener Complex and Marine, Plant & Herbal Extracts that provide the following skin care benefits: added Essential Amino Acids, Proteins, Vitamins and Beta-Carotene to increase elasticity, restore balance, firm, hydrate, reduce inflammation and improve skin tone balance, while minimizing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
It has flexible coverage which is buildable. It can be applied lightly for medium coverage or layered for additional coverage.
Correct & Cover can be applied with the enclosed sponge or with fingers or a foundation brush. Pour a small amount into your hand, or onto a tissue or directly onto enclosed sponge or brush and apply to the whatever area of the face you desire to cover. Use a dabbing and patting motion, and as the powder makes contact with the skin it will transform into a cream for easy blending.
After you wash and dry your face, IMAN Skin Tone Evener BB Crème is recommended for an even tone and sun protection before you apply CC Correct & Cover. If you prefer not to use BB Crème, us one of the IMAN Moisture Complex Moisturizers for hydration and sun protection. Then apply Correct & Cover alone or use under or on top of your favorite IMAN foundation. Then use your favorite IMAN Powder, if you choose, for a smooth, even finish.
Click to the Find Your Shade Guide here on IMANCOSMETICS.COM for the shade that most closely matches your skin tone.
All IMAN Cosmetics products are tested for safety and sensitivity. However, if you find that this or any IMAN product disagrees with your skin for any reason, discontinue use immediately.
IMAN CC CORRECT & COVER will be available for pre-order on Drugstore.com the week of December 16, 2013 and will be in stores where IMAN Cosmetics are sold between Feb-March 2014. Check here at IMANCOSMETICS.COM on the CC CORRECT & COVER product page for updates.


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Man convicted of involuntary manslaughter in 1984 Galveston case gets sentenced
By Carol Christian | March 31, 2014
Photo By Galveston County Sheriff
Clyde Edwin Hedrick, 60, of San Leon, is on trial on a murder charge in the 1984 death of Ellen Rae Beason. Photo: Galveston County Sheriff's Office
Photo By D. Fahleson/Houston Chronicle
In this September 1997 file photo, Tim Miller looks at the disintegrating cross he erected in 1986 at the site where the body of his 16-year-old daughter, Laura, was found.
Photo By Billy Smith II/Houston Chronicle
Tim Miller, founder of Texas Equusearch, talks about the search for missing 12-year-old Jonathan Foster, who disappeared Dec. 24, 2010 from his Houston home. His body was found several days later in a ditch.
Clyde Hedrick, who was found guilty March 28 of involuntary manslaughter in a 30-year-old Galveston County slaying, has been sentenced to 20 years in prison.
A representative of the 56th State District Court in Galveston said the jury made its decision on the sentence Monday afternoon.
Hedrick had been charged with murder in the July 1984 death of Ellen Rae Beason, who was last seen alive at a League City nightclub.
Tim Miller, who founded Texas Equusearch over the disappearance and death of his daughter, Laura, attended each day of the trial. He said Friday he was pleased with the involuntary manslaughter verdict.
"Of course, I wanted the maximum (murder conviction) on it," he said. "But let's face it. We have a 30-year-old case with not a tremendous amount of evidence. The prosecution did a wonderful job."
Miller said he has long suspected that Hedrick killed his daughter.
"I'm optimistic this is the first step of getting some closure on Laura," he said. "This is far from over. This is just a beginning."


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The UK has accepted its seventh and last C-17 strategic transport from Boeing, as operations with the Royal Air Force's existing fleet have passed 60,000 flight hours.
Boeing handed over aircraft ZZ177 at its Long Beach site in California on 16 November, with the transport expected to arrive at RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire in January.
"The addition of a seventh C-17 to our fleet is a significant milestone that strengthens our support of operations worldwide, especially in Afghanistan," says Peter Luff, minister for defence equipment, support and technology. The type has also been used to support humanitarian relief operations in Chile, Haiti and Pakistan this year by delivering emergency supplies such as tents.
The RAF's 99 Sqn received its first C-17 in May 2001 under a lease agreement covering four aircraft. The UK subsequently decided to buy the transports outright and to also expand its fleet to seven. No more will be acquired, according to the recently published Strategic Defence and Security Review.
Boeing says it has delivered 224 C-17s, including 20 to international customers Australia, Canada, Qatar, the UK and a consortium of NATO and Partnership for Peace nations. The United Arab Emirates has also ordered six.
The UK is the largest single operator of the C-17 after the US Air Force. However, this status will be assumed by India if the nation finalises a planned deal for 10 aircraft, a preliminary agreement on which was reached during a state visit by President Barack Obama earlier this month.
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Technical Papers
Investment Cast Cobalt Alloys
Mr. Ken Harris, Mr. Steve Sikkenga
Cobalt-based alloys have been used in demanding applications for as long as investment casting has been available as an industrial process. From the introduction of "Stellite®" in the late 1920's, to the dental alloy "Vitallium®" in the '30's, the turbocharger alloys such as HS 31 and X-40 in the '40's, through to today's technology, cobalt alloys have contributed significantly to industrial products and processes.
Today, cast cobalt alloys play an important role in the performance of aero- and land-based gas turbines. While vacuum cast nickel alloys predominate in the hot sections of modern aero turbine engines, cobalt alloys are routinely specified for particularly demanding applications such as fuel nozzles and vanes for industrial gas turbines. Investment cast Co-Cr-Mo alloys compete directly with titanium and cobalt forgings for medical prosthetic implant devices. The majority of investment castings made from the cobalt superalloys are cast in the open atmosphere as opposed to vacuum investment casting.
This paper examines the castability, casting quality, mechanical properties and applications of this important class of materials. Discussed in detail are production aspects and technical benefits of induction melted AOD refined continuous cast cobalt-based superalloy meltstock for investment casting with applications including gas turbine components, medical implant devices, glass fiber production and other heat, wear and corrosion resistant parts.
Since 1982, Cannon-Muskegon has produced in excess of 40 million pounds of AOD refined continuous cast cobalt-based alloys for the investment casting industry. Essentially all of this alloy has been subsequently cast in air for critical end-use applications. Of the total, about 85% has been produced for medical implant use, 10% for high temperature components and the balance as wear and corrosion resistant castings.
The compositions of representative AOD refined investment cast cobalt alloys are shown in Table 1. While the alloys shown offer a range of mechanical properties, all are similar in that they are based on the Co-Cr binary system. The alloys also have in common the presence of significant amounts of carbon. All of the alloys discussed here are strengthened to some extent by the presence of various carbides. These carbides are based on refractory elements such as tungsten and molybdenum, as well as on chromium. Nickel is included in many of the compositions for austenite stabilization. Reactive elements such as aluminum, titanium and zirconium are usually not included in these airmelt alloy compositions. The strength of these alloys are generally proportional to the carbon and refractory element (carbide forming) content and at low carbon contents, strengthening is provided by solid solution hardening. HS 25 is an example of a low carbon, high refractory element containing alloy strengthened by solid solution hardening. Haynes UltimetÔ relies on the low stacking fault energy of the nickel and carbon stabilized cobalt FCC matrix phase to resist cavitation and sliding erosive wear.
The argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) process was developed by Union Carbide Corporation and Joslyn Stainless Steel in the late '60's as a means of producing low carbon stainless steels using low cost, high carbon charge materials. Cannon-Muskegon installed the Union Carbide-Linde patented AOD process in 1981. The process was aquired in order to economically produce higher quality steel and stainless steel re-melt ingot than had been possible with simple air induction melting. AOD processing is particularly effective at lowering the levels of carbon, silicon, sulfur and dissolved gases. Once the benefits of AOD processing were realized for ferrous alloys at Cannon-Muskegon, practices were developed for nickel and cobalt alloys as well.
The AOD process consist of chemical oxidation, primarily of carbon, followed by reduction. During AOD processing, a mixture of oxygen and argon are injected near the bottom of a cylindrical converter. Nitrogen and other gases are used when appropriate. The gas mixture is initially adjusted to be rich in oxygen (relative to the amount of argon) when carbon and silicon are being removed from the melt. As the carbon level decreases, the ratio of oxygen to argon is lowered which thermodynamically favors the further removal of carbon to low levels. Once the oxidation step is complete, aluminum and silicon are added as reductants to recover elements (primarily chromium) which becomes temporarily tied up as oxides during decarburization. The large volume of gas injected into the AOD vessel during processing and the evolution of carbon monoxide from the decarburization reaction provides an excellent purging action which removes unwanted gasses from the melt. These gases include oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Low gas contents are important in the foundry performance of casting alloys and result in lower levels of non-metallic inclusions and gas/shrink related porosity. A diagram of the Cannon-Muskegon AIM/AOD/CC process is shown as Figure 1.
When moderate to high carbon contents (relative to stainless steels) are desired, as is typical in cobalt alloys, AOD processing consists of modest oxidation and reduction steps combined with a pure argon stir or purge. Artificial slags rich in lime (CaO) other basic oxides are used to control sulfur to extremely low levels. Sulfur levels of 10 ppm or less are common and 2 ppm or less is achievable. Sulfur is detrimental in cast grades because it can contribute to hot tearing tendencies and also promotes undesirable wetting between the alloys and refractories during subsequent melting and casting.
Trace element control in cobalt alloys is accomplished through the refining action of the AOD as well as through careful raw material selection. Many of the trace elements which are controlled to low levels in nickel-based superalloys are also of concern in cobalt alloys. These elements include Pb, Sn, Sb, Tl, Te, Zn, Bi, etc. In the AOD, elements with high vapor pressures at steel making temperatures are volatilized and effectively removed as a gas. The elements tin and antimony have relatively low vapor pressures and are kept low through careful control of revert, select and raw materials. Table #2 shows typical trace element concentrations in AOD refined cobalt master alloy heats.
Cobalt master alloys are often produced in controlled closed-loop reverting arrangements although nearly any combination of virgin, revert and select material sources can be accommodated. A typical charge might include 60% customer owned revert combined with 40% virgin cobalt, chromium, tungsten or molybdenum and nickel. Virgin/revert ratios are specified by individual foundries to manage revert pools effectively. While the optimum ratio would appear to be equal to the overall foundry casting yield, ratios are occasionally used to maximize economic gain in light of cobalt price volatility.
In many cases, iron tends to be the single element which limits the use of cobalt-based foundry revert or select materials. Iron finds it's way into these alloys by several routes. First, raw cobalt may contain some iron depending on source. The best available high grade cobalt contains less than 10 ppm iron whereas some alternate grades can have .01-.30% Fe. Secondly, machining chips are routinely found to contain iron-based contaminants, usually stainless steel, that cannot be effectively removed. For this reason, machining chips are often pre-melted to determine their exact composition before being incorporated into production heats. A third source of iron contamination (as well as other elements) is mixed casting revert. Approximately 2% of the foundry revert material received at Cannon-Muskegon is found to be mixed. The effect is most apparent with cobalt alloys with the lowest iron tolerances, sometimes as low as 0.4%. Some iron also comes into cobalt alloys from shot blast media and from iron-containing refractories.
Cannon-Muskegon employs horizontal continuous casting (HCC) to produce metallurgically clean re-melt ingot. Following AOD refining, 5 ton cobalt heats are tapped into a bottom pour ladle for transfer to the continuous casting machine. The HCC caster consists of a refractory lined tundish and a two component horizontally arranged cylindrical permanent mold. The alloy forms an initial skin against a water cooled beryllium-copper mold segment. Subsequent cooling is provided by a water cooled graphite mold section. Casting proceeds by the incremental withdrawal of the product, accomplished under computer control by electric servo-motors driving hydraulically clamped withdrawal rolls. This incremental withdrawal consists of a forward stroke followed by a brief pause, a short backstroke and another pause. The process repeats 60-130 times per minute and exit speeds of 70-140 inches per minute are common. Final centerline solidification occurs well outside the permanent mold. With appropriate controls over casting temperatures and speeds, a nearly sound ingot is produced. Some centerline shrink may be present in the ingot. The use of bottom pour ladles in conjunction with a deep, bottom feeding tundish provide sufficient residence time for inclusion flotation and removal. Argon tap stream shrouding is used to protect the molten alloy as it enters the tundish. Extraneous refractory inclusions are avoided through the use of the permanent mold (as opposed to sand cast ingots).
After continuous casting, the strand is hot sheared to the increment lengths ordered by the customer. Cobalt alloys are produced in nominal diameters of 2½", 3" and 4". Recently, 2_" diameter capabilities have been added. A typical re-melt ingot measures 3"f x 18" weighing about 36 pounds. The increments are water quenched, shot blast with stainless steel shot, ink jet marked with an alloy and heat number, inspected and packed. The time required from casting to packaging is about 30 minutes. The total processing time including induction melting and AOD refining is about 6 hours.
The castability of all the airmelt cobalt alloys is considered good to excellent, especially compared with nickel alloys and stainless steels. The compositions are characterized by high carbon contents with appreciable silicon, both providing fluidity. Shown in Table 3 are average solidus, liquidus and melting range temperatures obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DTA). This table shows that most of the commonly cast cobalt alloys have fairly narrow melting ranges indicating good fluidity. The alloys posses good hot strength (which is often the basis for their use in the first place) and are quite resistant to hot tearing. Some cracking may be experienced in the high carbon wear resistant alloys when rough treatment or severely restrictive gating arrangements are encountered. The nitrogen containing alloys such as F-75 and Ultimet are stable in terms of nitrogen pick-up or loss.
Foundry deoxidation of AOD refined cobalt alloys is usually neither required nor recommended. With ingot oxygen contents typically less than 100 ppm, deoxidation additions rarely result in oxygen decreases and may actually increase the oxygen content of castings. The alloys are quite able to hold nitrogen in solution. The solubility of nitrogen in cobalt alloys is a function of alloy content, especially chromium. The upper limit of nitrogen solubility in F-75 (29% Cr) is about 0.22% [N]. Carbon appears to lower nitrogen solubility. While high carbon contents combined with moderate chromium levels can make some alloys prone to soluble gas defects, AOD refining effectively lowers the nitrogen below the level where it is troublesome.
Argon melt protection is recommended and often employed when making critical cobalt castings. The use of argon is almost always beneficial, regardless of the alloy being cast. In the case of cobalt alloys, the higher cost of the alloys and the critical nature of the component usually justifies the use of argon. Several commercially available protection schemes are available using gaseous or liquid argon. Additionally, many foundries have engineered their own systems for argon delivery to the furnace. In any case, argon protection systems should be checked periodically for performance. Portable, hand held oxygen meters are available and easily used. Oxygen contents above the melt should be less than 1%.
In any airmelt operation, mechanical removal of the small amount of dross present on the melt surface before casting is crucial. While AOD refined ingot melts often appear clean enough to omit any attempt at slag removal, this step should not be skipped. However, in all cases, furnace power should be turned off before tap to allow dross to rise to the melt surface. This dross should be carefully removed with a slag stick. The use of argon melt protection will reduce the amount of dross formation but will not eliminate the need to remove this small amount of dross.
Many cobalt alloys respond well to grain size control through shell inoculation. Incorporation of 2-6% cobalt aluminate, cobalt metasilicate or cobalt oxide yield substantial grain size reductions near casting surfaces with careful control of casting temperatures. The amount of grain size reduction is proportional to the amount of inoculant used. Inoculants also shorten slurry life so the amount used in practice is a compromise.
The use of filters for casting airmelt cobalt alloys is a point of debate. While the best practice will always be to start with clean alloy and keep it clean, filters can be useful. Filters can reduce fill rates, acting as chokes to reduce turbulence and entrapped air if placed in the ingates. Acting as a restriction however, the use of filters may require additional superheat to maintain the ability to feed thin sections or long distances. In any case, filters should be viewed as the "last line of defense" against non-metallic inclusions rather than the primary means by which clean casting are produced.
Casting revert generated from AOD refined master alloy can be recycled in-house within reason and where permitted by specification. Silicon and manganese levels should be monitored and corrected if needed.
Freedom from non-metallic inclusions is a critical aspect of casting quality. With appropriate foundry practices, cobalt alloys can be cast in air to be very clean. Oxygen contents of 100 ppm or less in AOD refined meltstock contribute to this cleanliness. One of the more demanding applications in terms of non-metallic defects are the highly polished medical implants. Wear surfaces are often polished to a .03-.05mm finish, inspected visually at 10-20x and must be inclusion free. Inclusions on the order of 30 microns diameter are rejectable. Using effective argon melt protection and good practices in general, the oxygen increase from ingot to casting can be 20 ppm or less.
Thin sections and fine detail are readily filled with all of the commonly cast cobalt alloys. The fluidity of the alloys are a function of carbon and silicon contents as well as superheat. With melting ranges somewhat lower than the stainless steels, pouring temperatures rarely exceed 3,000°F. Using a fixed superheat over liquidus approach (+250°F, for example) suggests that pouring temperatures of 2,850°F or less are reasonable.
Cobalt alloys are well-suited to high temperature creep and fatigue resistant non-rotating applications where stress levels are lower than for rotating components. For this reason, turbine vanes and other static components are frequently designed in cobalt alloys. A somewhat lower coefficient of thermal expansion and better thermal conductivity than the nickel alloys make cobalt alloys good candidates for applications where thermal fatigue is a critical design issue.
As in the case of aero-turbines, cobalt alloys are employed in non-rotating roles. Due to long service life requirements, land based casting specifications are becoming progressively more stringent (more rigorous than for similar aero counterparts in some cases). For example, one aircraft vane specification allows a maximum size of .035" whereas land based shroud casting specification has .015" maximum defect size limitation.
The use of artificial orthopaedic implants has been practiced for many years. Advances in medical technology have allowed the use of quality-of-life improving implants for an ever increasing range of patients. Two materials have dominated in terms of structural implants; titanium and cobalt alloys. While titanium offers an advantage in weight, Co-Cr-Mo is unparalleled in it's acceptance and widespread use.
In the late 1920's, Austenal Laboratories searched for an alternative to gold for fabricating denture supports. That alternative was found in a derivative of Haynes Stellite which was subsequently name Vitallium® and used from the '30's. Today, this alloy is used for orthopaedic implants, most notably as artificial hips and knees. The alloy is generically referred to by it's ASTM designation F-75 and contains 29% chromium and 6% molybdenum (also by ISO 5832 part 4). While the ASTM specification limits carbon to 0.35%, implant manufacturers have opted for lower levels of carbon and an intentional addition of nitrogen.
The addition of nitrogen as an intentional alloying element has allowed Co-Cr-Mo to achieve high levels of strength with good ductility and without sacrificing corrosion resistance and bio-compatibility. This addition is easily and economically accomplished in the AOD through the direct injection of nitrogen gas. In AIM or VIM melting, nitrogen additions are made using nitrogenated chromium. Iron, nickel and trace elements are kept to low levels through AOD refining and through careful selection of raw materials.
Highly polished components include femoral stems for replacement hips and knee condyles. Other cobalt medical castings include acetabular cups and tibial trays. In all cases, but especially in hip components, casting quality is imperative as parts are heavily loaded and subject to fatigue. Castings are given multi-step heat treatments including solution annealing, hot isostatic pressing and sintering of bone-ingrowth materials. Final polishing is one of the last operations to precede inspection. The rejection of a casting at this late stage is very expensive. AOD refined alloy is relied upon to produce sound, inclusion free medical castings.
One of the methods for making glass fiber for residential and commercial thermal building insulation is by a melt spinning process in which molten glasses based on oxides of silicon, sodium, potassium and others are centrifugally forced through the perforated rim of a rapidly rotating dish. The process takes place near the melting point of the glass (typically 1,700-2,100°F). External heating sources are used to maintain process temperatures. Solidification of the glass occurs within the wall of the "spinner". As such, the small diameter holes which directly form the outside diameter of the glass fiber are subject to the combined deteriorating effects of chemical corrosion, abrasion, and oxidation. Product performance of thermal insulation is directly related to fiber diameter and the rate of growth of the fiber-forming holes governs the useful life of the spinner. Creep deformation plays a secondary role in determining the useful life of a spinner.
The composition of the alloys used for glass fiber spinners vary by manufacturer. Most manufacturers guard the composition of their alloys as trade secrets. These alloys tend to be based on industry standard materials such as X-40 with modifications appropriate to the application. The compositions of the glasses used may be oxidizing or reducing and dictate the alloys which must be used to produce fibers. In the case of higher melting point glasses, chemical corrosion is the primary cause of wear. For lower temperature glass, erosion plays a stronger role in hole degradation. Because of the high temperatures employed, alloy oxidation is always a factor in spinner life. The corrosive effect of the glass on the cobalt alloy spinners is related to the general composition of the glass as well as the amount of impurities in the glass and to operating temperature. Impurities can result from efforts to recycle post-consumer glass products such as beverage and food containers.
Spinner diameters can be in the range of 12-25" with castings weighing between 5 and 15 pounds. Wall thickness dimensions are on the order of 0.10-0.15". Between 10,000 and 40,000 closely spaced, small diameter holes are laser drilled in the rim of each spinner. Fiberglass spinners are remelted as foundry revert once their useful life has been exhausted. AOD refined master heats are made using 80-100% expired spinners and revert. The refining action of the AOD can limit impurities contained in the glass. Only an insignificant amount of alloy is actually lost through oxidation and corrosion in use.
The history of the use of cobalt alloys for wear resistant applications begins with the 1907 patents by Elwood Haynes for his "Stellite" alloys based on cobalt and chromium. Since that time, cobalt alloys have served in extremely harsh conditions as castings, wrought fabrications and as hardfacing deposits applied as welded or flame sprayed coatings. Carbon (and occasionally boron) is used in conjunction with chromium and one or more refractory elements to produce a high hardness, carbide rich material. Hardness values ranging from Rc 30-70 are obtainable. The melting range for these high carbon alloys is typically lower and narrower than of the high temperature and medical alloys. As such, the wear resistant alloys posses very good casting fluidity.
Stellite® 6 is the most common cobalt wear resistant alloy. It's ability to withstand sliding and abrasive wear comes from the high volume fraction of carbide formed form the alloy's 1.2% carbon, 5% tungsten and 30% chromium. The alloy has a Rockwell hardness of about 43 Rc but very limited tensile ductility. Other alloys in the family include Co #3, #12, #19, Star J and 98M2. Alloys such as these approximate cast equivalents of cemented carbides produced by powder metallurgy methods.
An alternative approach to wear resistance is offered by Haynes UltimetÔ. This alloy contains rather low carbon content (and thus a low volume fraction of carbide). By careful control of alloy balance to achieve a low stacking fault FCC matrix and subsequently high work hardening rate, Ultimet achieves excellent wear resistance combined with a high degree of corrosion resistance. This combination of resistance to environmental degradation is unique. The alloy also shows good tensile ductility and weldability due to lower levels of carbon. The alloy features an intentional nitrogen content and good foundry performance.
Cobalt-based casting alloys continue to be an important part of industrial processes and products. While some cobalt alloys contain reactive elements and must be vacuum cast, many of the most industrially useful alloys are cast in airmelt foundries. AOD refined continuous cast remelt ingot provides metallurgical cleanliness, low gas content and controlled chemistry for the production of critical investment cast components. The castability of these alloys allows the production of complex highly detailed castings. The productivity of an airmelt operation can be an asset to foundries currently pouring cobalt alloy in vacuum furnaces.
1. Cobalt in Alloys, John R. Mihalisin, Cobalt at the Crossroads Conference, Herndon, Virginia, June 1992
2. Effect of Microstructure (Cast vs. Wrought) on the Wear and Corrosion Properties of a Cobalt-Based Alloy, Paul Crook, Haynes International
3. The Superalloys, Sims and Hagel, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1972
4. Stellite-A History of the Haynes Stellite Company 1912-1972, Ralph Gray, Cabot Corporation, Kokomo, Indiana, 1974
Tables and Figures
Table 1- AOD nominal chemistries (wt.%)
Table 2-Typical AOD minor and trace element chemistry (ppm)
Table 3- Cobalt alloy melting data by DTA
Figure 1.


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Talk:Same-sex marriage/pov
From Conservapedia
List of viewpoints
- the Biblical condemnation of homosexuality as sin is 'merely a claim' rather than 'objective truth'.
- The Bible's stance on homosexuality isn't a very clear one
- the Old Testament considers it an abomination
- The New Testament has very little to say about homosexuality.
- Jesus said nothing about homosexuality.
- the Old Testament considers it an abomination
- The Bible's stance on homosexuality isn't a very clear one
- We need to keep the Ten Commandments, as they help live a Christ-like life
- The Ten Commandments say nothing about homosexuality.
- What about Jesus' commandment to love your neighbor as you love yourself?
- Old Testament prohibitions can be ignored, because
- it says quite a few things are abominations or illegal that we consider okay today.
- the old testament is somewhat irrelevant to Christianity
- only the New Testament really matters.
- marriage is a right
- homosexuals should have 'equal rights'
- same-sex "marriage" is simply a matter of giving equal rights to gays
- Very few homosexuals want to "marry" each other
- "very few want to marry each other" is a lie
- I want to marry another man.
- the immediate intent of same-sex "marriage" agitation is to remove the stigma of being called a "fornicator"
- There are many reasons for fighting for gay marriage. There are over 1,000 rights that married heterosexual couples have, all of which are denied to same-sex couples because they can't legally marry.
- Same-sex "marriage" adopts the form of marriage for the supposed purpose of destroying the sanctity of marriage and justifying homosexuality.
- You are all right in saying the institution of marriage is falling apart. But, instead of actually trying to look at the problem and say, "Hm, what can we do better?", you all would rather blame it on a minority population because that's what is easy. Divorce rates are up to 50% or higher nowadays. Why is this? Not because of gay marriage, you idiots. It's a complete lack of respect for the institution of marriage.
- Nothing from the Old Testament is nullified unless it is nullified explicitly in the New Testament
- The New Testament is hostile to homosexuality.
- Oh really, where?
- The Bible is clear on this
- Jewish religious law condemns the practice of male homosexual acts.
- giving 'equal legal rights' to male couples has no effect on the spiritual condition of couples bound by the Christian sacrament of holy matrimony
- Exactly!
Well there is also the viewpoint that, even if gay marriage is wrong in the eyes of God, Christians are instructed to "let him who is without sin cast the first stone" and more importantly "render unto Caesar (i.e. the government) that which is Caesar's (i.e. the provision of government-made rights)" -- Jesus didn't say "go ahead and stone the bitch", he prevented the old law from being carried out, and then used his witness alone to persuade the sinner, saying "go forth and sin no more".... he didn't say that she hadn't sinned, but demonstrated that the Christian course of action is not to have the law prevent people from sinning -- if the government (i.e. Caesar) wants to let gays be "married" and give them tax breaks and hospital visitation and such, that doesn't involve the Church, which ought not be tainted by the corruption that is all politics, anyway.... the Christian course of action is to tell the sinners of their sin, and if they refuse to hear, trust God to deal with it.... trying to get the government to interfere one way or the other is the same as denying God.... Pandeism 22:50, 7 April 2009 (EDT)
- In this belated reply, I'd like to point out that marriage is more of a responsibility than a "right". It's something which society encourages because it is an institution which promotes social stability by protecting women and children.
- I've also written an essay just know on the Mysterious male-female relationship. --Ed Poor Talk 08:19, 18 December 2009 (EST)


text: Coaching staff and players from both the Boise State men's and women's basketball teams will be at Ann Morrison Park Saturday morning as part of Boise's first Rec Fest. The Bronco men will shooting hoops and doing clinic stations from 10-11 near the Parks and Recreation office at Ann Morrison, with the women doing the same thing from 11-Noon. Boise State will have basketball and t-shirt giveaways as well during the two one-hour sessions. It is open to the public and part of the Rec Fest activities, which will be held all weekend at Ann Morrison Park. For more information on all of the events at the 2010 Boise Rec Fest, visit http://www.boiserecfest.com


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Chinese Tea Brewing Guide
Every tea has its own specific way to be brewed, and full instructions for this can be found on the packaging of the tea or on the individual product information pages. However, there are some universal brewing tips for making the perfect pot of Chinese tea.
- Water
When asked the ingredients of tea many people will simply answer, well, tea of course! But they are forgetting the other crucial ingredient of water. Water makes up the majority of the tea we drink and so it is vital to use the correct water when making your tea.
We do not recommend the use of mineral water when making your tea as the minerals present in it can change the flavour of your tea. The water used must however contain some minerals as water that has been distilled or water that is too soft will also have an adverse affect on the taste.
It is always up to your own personal taste which kind of water to use but the types of water that are least likely to affect the flavour of tea and so giving you the most accurate flavour are filtered tap water or spring water.
Another important aspect of the water is the level of oxygen in it. For the perfect brew there must still be some level of oxygen present in the water. To prevent the water from completely losing its oxygen content you must not boil it for too long and never use water that has been boiled more than once.
- Water temperature
For each individual tea we recommend that you check the packaging or have a look at our product information pages as these will specify the temperature the water should be for each different tea.
When water is boiling it goes through different stages depending on what temperature it is at. This is because as the water is heated, the particles which normally remain close to each other are given more energy and so begin to move. The level of movement depends on how much energy they have from the heat. The stages are;
Shrimp eyes (about 70-80 ºC) - the first bubbles you will see, they will be tiny pinhead bubbles. Some delicate green and white teas can be brewed at this stage.
Crab eyes - (about 80 ºC) - streams of slightly larger bubbles accompanied by light wisps of steam. Some Chinese green and white teas can be brewed at this stage.
Fish eyes - about 80-90 ºC (175-195 ºF) - larger bubbles the size of fish eyes will be visible along with a greater amount of steam. Heartier green and white teas can be brewed at this stage.
Rope of pearls - about 90-95 ºC (195-205 ºF) - steady streams of large bubbles should be rising to the top of the water. Black tea, darjeeling and oolongs can be brewed at this stage.
Raging torrent - This water looks like rapids in a raging river, it is at this stage that the water can become de-oxygenized so care must be taken to not let this happen. Pu Erh tea can be brewed at this stage.
People in China often use the bubble system instead of a thermometer. If you can not control that temperature of your water with your kettle, you can boil it and let it cool to the desired temperature.
As well as water temperature it is also vital that the teapot has been warmed before the addition of the tea leaves. To do this simply pour the boiling water into the teapot and leave to heat while the rest of the boiling water cools to the desired temperature.
Remember to discard the water before adding the tea leaves and cooled water to the teapot. It may be important to add at this point that you always add the tea leaves to the warmed teapot before the water except in the case of Bi Lou Chun when water is added first.
- Teaware
There are a number of different types of teapot that can be used. Each type of teapot has its own individual advantages.
Due to their porous nature, these tea pots will absorb tiny amounts of the tea each time you brew it and it is therefore important to choose only one type of tea to brew in your clay tea pot.
Over time the teapot will take in the flavour and smell of the tea you are brewing and will, after prolonged use, form a rich patina on the interior of the teapot that will enhance the taste, colour and aroma of your tea. This patina can also be formed on the outside of the teapot by pouring the first brew of the tea (which is often discarded anyway) over the exterior of the teapot.
Clay teapots must never be washed using soap as the chemicals will be absorbed having a negative effect on the flavour of the tea. To wash the teapot you can use the final brew from the tea that will be too weak to drink and boiling water.
For these reasons, clay teapots are best used by those who know and love Chinese tea. As it is best practise to only use one clay teapot for one type of tea, they should only be purchased with this in mind.
If you have a favourite tea that you regularly enjoy, this experience will be enhanced by the purchase of a clay teapot.
If however you are new to the world of Chinese tea and would like to experiment by trying a wide variety of teas or if you enjoy picking which tea to drink depending on your mood then you might prefer a glass or ceramic teapot.
As far as beauty goes, the clay teapot has this one covered.
They are seen as pieces of art in their own right and are beautifully crafted. It is tempting to simply purchase one just to display.
A glass teapot will not absorb any of the flavours from the tea brewed in it. It is therefore the perfect teapot for people who brew many different types of tea. The glass teapot is also aesthetically pleasing as you can watch the tea brew and the water change colour. This leads to another benefit to the glass teapot. When you become familiar with your tea you can judge by the colour of the brew if it is ready to be poured.
The glass teapot may also be preferred over a clay one as there is a lot less groundwork that needs to go into the preparation of the teapot.
Glass teapots are ready to use immediately although it may be a good idea to rinse out once with boiling water. A clay teapot however requires quite a lot of work to ensure it is ready to make the perfect brew.
The process is known as cultivation.
To begin with the teapot will need to be seeped in boiling water, after this has been boiling for 30 - 40 minutes tea leaves of any description must be added and the water, tea leaves and teapot to be re-boiled for another hour.
After this it must be allowed to be air dried. It has also been recommended that you should only use your clay teapot as a, "gong-dao" (justice) pot where tea is poured into it first before being poured into the cups for three months before fully utilising it as your teapot.
Although it is a nice idea to be able to see the tea brewing through a glass teapot, glass will not keep your tea as hot as in a ceramic pot, and a warmer may be required.
Ceramic like glass, does not retain any scent of the tea, as long as it is properly washed out before brewing a different type.
- Brewing Time
The length of time tea should be brewed for depends on these contributing factors; the quantity of tea leaves, the temperature of the water, type of tea used and personal taste. It is good practice to experiment with different brewing times by using a tea egg (tea filter) which enables you to remove the tea leaves and replace them if the tea has not brewed for a long enough time.
- Storage
It is not a coincidence that all of our tea is packaged in sealed opaque bags and stored in tins. For tea leaves to remain at their best they must not be exposed to air, water or sunlight. For this reason, keep your Lu Lin tea in the tin tea caddy it was sent in and store in a cool dry place. Preferably somewhere easy to access so you always have your favourite tea at hand!
Unlike most other teas, Pu Erh tea should not be stored in an airtight container. This is because Pu Erh tea is an aged tea and so live and active bacteria and mould cultures are present in the tea (similar to some cheese and wine). The tea should be stored in a cool, dark area with good air flow. They must be kept away from other aromas as Pu Erh tea can absorb these and this will have an effect on the flavour.
- Tea Accessories
- We offer a selection of tea accessory products. These are used to aid in tea preparation. The sets include;
- A scoop - this means that you do not have to touch the tea leaves as the oil on your hands could affect the flavour of the tea,
- Tongs - these are for picking up the tea cups. This is part of the Chinese tradition of tea making,
- Scraper - to help move the tealeaves around the pot and for getting the leaves out of the pot once the tea has been finished,
- Filter - this can be used in place of a tea egg to stop tea leaves from getting into the cup.
- Gong Fu Cha
Gong Fu Cha is a way of preparing and serving tea that originates from the Fujian province of China. The ritual has many stages that must be followed in order for it to be considered Gong Fu Cha.
Although some believe that as long as there is an appreciation of the aroma and flavour of the tea then Gong Fu Cha has been achieved. Perhaps it is more accurate to say that without the appreciation, the other stages of Gong Fu Cha are somewhat pointless.
To begin with the tea is prepared. This is done by warming the cups and teapot by pouring boiling water over them. Next the tea is examined. You then fill the teapot with tea and rinse the leaves from a great height above the teapot. Any debris or bubbles from the surface of the tea must be removed which can be done so using the lid of the teapot.
Now the tea can either be allowed to brew for a short time or not depending on preference but the water must then be poured into the cups but not drunk, this ensures the cups are still warm.
You now refill the pot with water this time from a lower height (the difference in height can be explained using the term 'high to rinse, low to pour,' the purpose of the height when rinsing the tea is so that the force of the water will help to clean the tea whereas this is not a desired outcome when pouring the water to brew the tea and so it is therefore poured from a lower height).
Again, remove the bubbles with the lid.
Before serving the tea you must pour out the first brew of tea and this can be poured onto the exterior of the tea pot. The tea is then poured into pitcher and then into the guest's cup, this ensures that the tea is brewed an even amount, and each cup of tea tastes the same. To pass the cups it is common for a set of tongs to be used.
At the end of the ceremony the used leaves can be placed in a bowl for the guest to examine and compliment. To wash up after the ceremony all utensils will be sterilised in boiling water. No soap should be used to wash the teapot or cups and they should be allowed to dry naturally.


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Upgraded from a Yamaha RX-V361 to Yamaha RX-V565 and arrived yesterday courtesy of eBay.
4xHDMI inputs which had made life a lot easier; Dell Windows 8 Laptop, Xbox 360, PS3, Ubuntu Laptop (DVI -> HDMI).
Upscale / output from AV in to HDMI; Playstation, Playstation 2
I do like the pass-through HDMI when switched off as I can switch output from my monitor to the living room TV via HDMI over Cat5e extender to have any of my devices on it.
First AV Receiver I've had with HDMI and it's quite a change and made such a difference compared to the pain getting devices to use TOS-Link / S/PDIF and recognise where the video output is going! No more pulling out 4-6 HDMI cables and couplers.
I only have 5.1 setup currently as the unit is located in the study so not sure I can really justify 7.1 at the moment.


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Yamaha MG8/2FX
Yamaha's MG series mixers now include digital effects
Yamaha's popular range of MG series mixers has received a bit of a revamp of late and now offers built-in digital effects in both the 8/2 and 12/4 configurations.
This compact mixer is already chock-full of features, such as four low-noise mic preamps, three-band EQ, insert FX and switchable 48V phantom power. Effects comprise 16 patches in four groups. The first eight are various reverbs, from hall and room to stage and plate, plus a special drum ambience setting, while the remainder offer a range of chorus, flange, phaser, auto wah, vocal echoes and distortion.
Colour-coded controls and clearly defined sections make using the MG a breeze. The user manual is exceptionally well written and includes some useful professional mixing advice. Yamaha has salvaged some valuable space for a more comfortable mixing experience by employing clearly marked rotary pots as level controls instead of the more common sliding faders. In our studio and live tests, we were blown away by the both the quality and depth of the FX, and the power and clarity of the three-band EQ.
Compared to its Behringer and Mackie counterparts, the Yamaha MG8/2FX may seem a little expensive (power supply is included), but after spending some time with the MG, it's easy to see why this is so. The mixer is designed for the live musician and even features a footswitch socket to control the onboard effects. An optional mic stand mounting bracket is available for £26, so for the acoustic performer who wants total control over voice and multi-pickup instruments, or for the increasing number of players performing to backing tracks, choosing the MG8 makes a lot of sense.
MusicRadar Rating
Excellent sound quality. Great digital effects. Ease of use.
Pricier than close rivals from Mackie and Behringer.
The Yamaha MG8/2FX may seem a little expensive, but for the acoustic performer who wants total control over voice and multi-pickup instruments, choosing the MG8 makes a lot of sense.
Depth (mm)
EQ Details
Channel compressors.
Height (mm)
No of Inputs
No of Outputs
Width (mm)


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I know, Mr. Chairman, we share the view that our estuaries are truly national treasures. Without a healthy and productive Long Island Sound and Narragansett Bay, the quality of life in our states would be greatly diminished. As John Atkin, the Executive Director of Save the Sound, has said: "Not only is Long Island Sound an invaluable economic and recreational resource, it is also a provider of immeasurable pleasure and happiness for tens of thousands of residents and visitors alike." John is with us today to show his strong support for your bill,
which will complement existing local partnership efforts
The water surface of Long Island Sound measures 1320 square miles. It is located in one of the most densely populated areas of our country-- fifteen million people live within 50 miles of its shores.
Despite years of heavy industrial use, Long Island Sound is known for its distinctive habitat types, including tidal wetlands, tidal flats, beaches, dunes, bluffs, rocky tidal areas, eelgrass, kelp beds, and natural and artificial reefs. Its shellfish and finfish production is extraordinary The shellfish industry alone is a $70 million industry, and the Sound is the leading producer of oysters along the east coast.
Long Island Sound supports more than $5 billion a year in water-quality dependent uses. This figure includes beach swimming and boating, but it does not include the more difficult to quantify assessments of the importance of good water quality to natural habitats and near shore residential property values. .
Unfortunately, pollution has an immediate impact on the quality of life and economic benefit of Long Island Sound -- it has been described as an "urban sea under siege."
The state of Connecticut has been aggressive in its efforts to restore the Sound which has helped and the Long Island Sound program is one of the most successful efforts under the National Estuary program. After years of study and public participation, it has produced a comprehensive plan for action, and implementation is underway. Real progress is being made -- the l997 water quality monitoring results were among the best conditions ever observed. But this is only a start. In February, the program adopted two critical elements of the cleanup and restoration effort: a Phase III nitrogen reduction plan which calls for a 60 percent cut in nitrogen loadings over the next 15 years, and a habitat restoration plan. This effort is expected to cost New York and Connecticut $650 million. Connecticut already has pledged $100 million of its Clean Water state funds to implement this Phase III program.
Your bill, Mr. Chairman, will go a long way towards helping Connecticut to meet the second goal of its Phase III program: habitat restoration. By making federal funding available in partnership with local government and private sector contributions for habitat restoration, this bill can help meet the Long Island Sound Study Committee's goal of restoring more than 2000 acres of tidal wetlands and l00 miles of streams in Connecticut and New York. Long Island Sound has lost almost 70 percent of its original wetlands with far- reaching impacts on the biological diversity of the region and the water quality of the estuary. I'm very pleased that a major habitat restoration project is already underway in the Sound with grant money from the Long Island Sound program office which this Committee established in l990. Funding from this bill would greatly enhance those efforts.
S. 1222, based on the sensible concept of community-based restoration efforts, would leverage up to $10 of on-the-ground restoration work for every $1 in federal funding and would create market based incentives for the private sector to work with community based organizations and local governments on restoration efforts.
The second bill we are considering today -- the National Estuary Conservation Act-- is also critical to our efforts to cleanup Long Island Sound. The cost of implementing the Sound's comprehensive management plan is high, and it is important that federal grants be available for implementation. S. 1321 would ensure that the funding is available.
These are two very important bills for my state and our country, Mr. Chairman, and I hope we can move them forward this Congress. Thank you again for your leadership.


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Braintree, Essex
What worries me, as a primary school teacher, is that we still teach children that there are seven colours in a rainbow, and that we have five senses. It's as though we had no sense of temperature (spread widely through our bodies, like touch) or balance (in an identifiable organ, like hearing or sight), not to mention more cognitive ones, like sense of direction, or overlooked ones, like our sensing of the way our limbs are orientated at any moment.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
Last Thursday IFC local had a benefit... a showing of the Sean Penn movie "The Assassination of Richard Nixon" with a Q&A afterward with the director and writer Niels Mueller. Sean Penn has got to be one of the top three best actors living today. He nails every performance - although they all seem to be pretty dark ones, and this one is no exception. The story is based on Sam Bicke, the man who plotted to assassinate Richard Nixon but the dramatic part is not watching the assassination plot unfold but to see Bicke world, and sanity, unravel through the amazingly subtle acting by Penn.
It was fun to hear the director tell about the travails of getting funding for the movie (which features a plot to fly a hijacked plane into the White House) after 9/11 - even with the commitment of Penn (who agreed to play the part within two days of reading the script.)
Definitely don't miss this one.Posted by npaul at January 18, 2005 7:50 PM


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Montenegro´s insurance industry has been subject to significant changes due to uneven economic growth and development over the last decade. Being less developed than other European insurance industries, its exposure to the global financial crisis was relatively low. Unlike countries with developed insurance industries where the life segment is dominant, Montenegro´s insurance industry is led by the general, or non-life, and personal accident and health segments, which together accounted for 85.9% of the gross written premium in 2012.
The life segment accounted for 14.1% of the total written premium in 2012, although its share has improved significantly since 2003 when it accounted for 4.6%. The Montenegrin life segment grew at a much faster CAGR of 6.9%, than the other two segments
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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R.M. Hendrix / Pink Skin EP (CD or Download) SU-RMH005
Solo rocker R.M. Hendrix writes music by finding solid inspiration through life, love and past musical influences. His latest release EP entitled "Pink Skin" is certainly no different. With this album Hendrix wanted loud, gritty rock inspired by the disorienting pyschedelic 60's. Bands like The Telescopes and Spacemen 3 journeyed to the center of their minds to make epic records. Others like Ride and Teenage Fanclub went straight for the harmonies of The Byrds. These inspirations created loud, immediate experiences to cause synesthesia! Hendrix's three new songs are written to help you taste color, see sound and feel everything all at once. "I wanted to make a record that could take over a room. It's like standing on the beach and letting the waves crash into you… euphoria with a sting," says Hendrix.
Pick-up a copy of Pink Skin today on CD or Instant Download and experience the paisley, mind-altering head trips that are the center of this incredible shoegaze EP.
All songs written and recorded by R.M. Hendrix
Mastered by Jason Martin (Starflyer 59)
International rates have been added.
If you don't see your location on the list please contact me for a shipping rate
CD Purchase Includes Instant Download
Download option offers your choice of ALAC, FLAC, MP3 (320), MP3 VRB or AAC
- Last Days of Black
- After Staring Into The Sun
- Lipstick and Perfect Hair


text: Women's Plaid Cuff Knee High Sock SKU: CAR-WA442 MSRP $14.00 $11.95! SOLD OUT Due to the overwhelming demand for this product, we are currently out of stock. We will restock soon. Please check back. Add to Cart Continue Shopping Checkout » Customers who bought this item also bought Quicklook $14.00 Carhartt Cold Weather Boot Sock Quicklook $64.00 $52.99 Carhartt Women's Denim Bib Overall - Unlined Quicklook $125.00 $99.99 Carhartt Women's Sandstone Newhope Jacket Quicklook $10.00 $7.99 Carhartt Acrylic Watch Hat + See more colors FREE SHIPPING. EASY RETURNS. Need help? Let's chat Secure shopping VIEW MORE DETAILS


text:
68 search results for Games of Thrones
Natalie Dormer on playing strong female characters in 'Hunger Games' and 'Game of Thrones'
Type: Video | Date: Tuesday, Nov 11, 2014HitFix sat down with Natalie Dormer to chat about what it means to her to play such strong female characters in 'Hunger Games' and 'Game of Thrones'.
'Game of Thrones'' Gwendoline Christie stepping in for Lily Rabe in 'Hunger Games'
Type: Article | Date: Friday, Apr 4, 2014Rabe had to leave due to prior commitments
George R.R. Martin explains Tyrion's actions in the 'Game of Thrones' season 4 finale
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Jun 16, 2014Sometimes even a hero just gets pushed too far
The 2014 Sad Bastard Awards
Type: Gallery | Date: Saturday, Dec 13, 2014"Only Lovers Left Alive" Having inspired the greatest scientific...
Women Who kicked 2014's ass
Type: Gallery | Date: Saturday, Dec 6, 2014Movie/TV Show: "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" Actress: Sc...
'Games of Thrones' star Sean Bean in talks to join Julia Roberts in Snow White film
Type: Article | Date: Saturday, Jul 16, 2011Tarsem Singh-directed film also stars Lily Collins, Armie Hammer
Gandalf defeats Harry Potter as Heroes vs Villains round 2 begins
Type: Article | Date: Friday, Mar 21, 2014Are you ready for Wolverine vs. Batman?
A new 'Game of Thrones' video game series is coming in 2014
Type: Article | Date: Sunday, Dec 8, 2013Makers of award-winning 'Walking Dead' game behind the adaptation
2012 Emmy Awards nominations snubs
Type: Article | Date: Thursday, Jul 19, 2012Nick Offerman, 'Justified,' 'Luck' and more
'Game of Thrones' star Natalie Dormer to enter 'The Forest' for David S. Goyer
Type: Article | Date: Tuesday, Oct 21, 2014Actress will next be seen in 'The Hunger Games" Mockingjay Part 1'


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This Week in the Civil War
This Week in The Civil War, for week of Sunday, Sept. 15: Lincoln suspends writ of Habeas Corpus throughout U.S.
President Abraham Lincoln, bidding to gain the upper hand in the Civil War, issued Proclamation 104 on Sept. 15, 1863, suspending the writ of Habeas Corpus throughout the United States. He wrote in his proclamation that "this suspension will continue throughout the duration of the said rebellion, or until this proclamation shall, by a subsequent one to be issued by the President of the United States, be modified or revoked." Such a writ is a right under U.S. law allowing a prisoner to petition to be brought before the courts to determine if that person's continuing detention by authorities is lawful. Constitutionally, it can be suspended only in extraordinary circumstances such as ensuring public safety in times of rebellion or invasion. Lincoln's move to suspend the writ was controversial at the time.
This Week in The Civil War, for week of Sunday, Sept. 22: Battle of Chickamauga, Ga.
Union fighters occupying Chattanooga, Tenn., would see Confederate opponents pushing back this month 150 years ago in the war in hopes of retaking lost ground. Confederate fighters under Braxton Bragg clashed with Union forces in late September of 1863 in northwest Georgia, amid a Confederate bid to recapture neighboring Chattanooga, Tenn. The fighting erupted in earnest at Chickamauga in extreme northwest Georgia on Sept. 19 of that year. Combat raged for hours with the Union line stubbornly holding. But a Union general's attempt to shore up a perceived gap in his lines allowed Confederate James Longstreet to break through during a two-day battle before Union forces pushed him back and held their ground. In the end, Confederates won a costly but critical battlefield victory. By Sept. 20, 1863, the secessionists had gained enough ground to begin staking positions on mountain heights around Chattanooga, menacing Union forces holding that city. All told, some 16,000 Union and 18,000 Confederate casualties were reckoned as the toll at Chickamauga - some of the bloodiest fighting in the so-called Western theater. The Confederate achievement would allow Bragg's army to besiege Union troops occupying Chattanooga enough to throttle the federal supply line for weeks before later fighting in the year would drive Confederates away from Chattanooga for good.
This Week in The Civil War, for week of Sunday, Sept. 29: Attack on USS New Ironsides near Charleston Harbor.
The armored Union warship USS New Ironsides came under attack the night of Oct. 5, 1863, while patrolling near Charleston, S.C. The attack by the Confederate steam-powered torpedo boat CSS David inflicted damage on the warship but it manage to escape worse fate and remained active in enforcing a Union blockade of Confederate ports well after the attack. Charleston Harbor, where the Civil War had begun with the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter, was a major target of Union warships seeking to enforce the blockade against gunrunners and other smugglers seeking to transport supplies to the secessionists. But the last major Union attempt to take Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor went down in failure in early September 1863. At the time, about 500 Union soldiers and Marines in small boats had approached Sumter in an unusual nighttime operation only to see five Union troops killed, several wounded and more captured. Though the Confederates suffered no loss of life, the blockade that brought USS New Ironsides to waters outside Charleston would only be solidified through the rest of the war - creating no real imperative for the Union to try further to take Charleston militarily.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox-outreach mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
I've just shuffled around the GTC schedule a little more, and e-mailed all
of the current volunteers to confirm whether they can, in fact, help staff
our booth on the days/hours I've picked for them (or they picked themselves).
You can see it here:
(It's dated May 9th, 12:30pm; force your browser to reload if a cached
version comes up!)
I still feel we're a little short for certain hours/days, so I thought I'd
do one final call for volunteers.
Anyone else interested in helping?
( Don't know what GTC is? Check out: http://www.lugod.org/projects/gtc/ )
Linux Users' Group of Davis
vox-outreach mailing list
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text: Study Search Results Your query returned 3 results. Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Study Relevance Title A-Z Released/Updated Time Period Most Cited in ICPSR Bib. Variable Relevance (?) Study Title/Investigator 1. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2003 (ICPSR 34085) United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2. Evaluation of the Children at Risk Program in Austin, Texas, Bridgeport, Connecticut, Memphis, Tennessee, Savannah, Georgia, and Seattle, Washington, 1993-1997 (ICPSR 2686) Harrell, Adele V.; Cavanagh, Shannon; Sridharan, Sanjeev 3. Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS): Restructuring Risky Relationships-HIV (RRR-HIV), 2005-2008 [United States] (ICPSR 30842) Leukefeld, Carl [1]


text: TIGER WINS! Posted on March 16, 2008 by Gene Warnick Tiger Woods sinks 24-foot birdie putt on No. 18 at the PGA Tour's Arnold Palmer Invitational at Bay Hill, beating Bart Bryant by a stroke. Brad Bryant, Bart's older brother, holds lead at Valencia Country Club in Champions Tour's AT&T Classic.


text:
October 29, 2004 10:28 AM PDT
Defense deals lead in federal IT contracts
- Related Stories
Digital Agenda: Homeland security--Companies profiting from fearOctober 18, 2004
Homeland Security paces government IT dealsJuly 28, 2004
Accenture lands Homeland Security dealJune 1, 2004
Federal agencies awarded information technology contracts worth $20 billion in the last quarter of the fiscal year 2004.
Defense agencies accounted for $15.6 billion worth of these deals, while the rest of the IT contracts were signed by civilian agencies, according to a report released Thursday by market researcher Input.
The Army placed orders worth $9.7 billion, including one for a revised war fighter information network. Overall, five defense agencies signed deals that, together, totaled more than $16 billion, the market researcher said.
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News articles on Panama
Mongabay.com news articles on Panama in blog format. Updated regularly.
Extinction debt can last millions of years
(07/29/2009) Extinction can be set in motion millions of years before a species' actual demise, suggesting that present-day drivers of habitat destruction and degradation may have already doomed many species to eventual extinction, report researchers writing in Proceedings of the Royal Society B online.
REDD readiness plans for Panama, Guyana approved but rejected for Indonesia
(07/02/2009) The World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) has approved REDD readiness plans (R-Plans) for Panama and Guyana, and rejected a plan for Indonesia, reports the U.N. and the Bank Information Center, an advocacy group.
Saving one of the last tropical dry forests, an interview with Edwina von Gal
(06/29/2009) Often we hear about endangered species—animals or plants on the edge of extinction—however we rarely hear about endangered environments—entire ecosystems that may disappear from Earth due to humankind's growing footprint. Tropical dry forests are just such an ecosystem: with only 2 percent of the world's tropical dry forest remaining it is one of the world's most endangered ecosystems. A newly established organization, the Azuero Earth Project, is working not only to preserve some of the world's last tropical dry forest on the Azuero peninsula in Panama, but also to begin restoration projects hoping to aid both the forest's viability and the local people. Edwina von Gal, a landscape designer, is one of the founders of the Azuero Earth Project, as well as president of the organization.
First-ever photo of jaguar on Barro Colorado Island
(05/04/2009) Researchers have captured the first-ever photo of a jaguar on Barro Colorado Island, a key tropical forest research site in Panama, reports the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). The picture was snapped by a camera trap set up by Montclair State University zoologist Jackie Willis and her husband Greg. The pair have been using the traps — which use infrared to detect and photograph passing wildlife — for animal surveys on Barro Colorado since 1994.
Plant communities changing across the globe, says scientist Sasha Wright
(03/29/2009) Having studied plant communities across three continent and within widely varied ecosystems—lowland tropics, deciduous forests, grasslands, and enclosed ecosystems on hill-tops—graduate student Sasha Wright has gained a unique understanding of shifts in plant communities worldwide as they respond to pressures from land use and global climate change. "Plant communities are certainly changing," Wright told Mongabay.com in a March 2009 interview. "These changes are undoubtedly affected by an increased occurrence of extreme weather events, temperature fluctuations, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, human land use, and in some cases urbanization of populations."
Mass amphibian die-offs affect ecosystems
(10/19/2008) Large-scale die-offs of amphibians due to the outbreak of a killer fungal disease is impacting the forest ecosystem in which they live, reports a new study published in the journal Ecosystems.
Armageddon for amphibians? Frog-killing disease jumps Panama Canal
(10/12/2008) Chytridiomycosis — a fungal disease that is wiping out amphibians around the world — has jumped across the Panama Canal, report scientists writing in the journal EcoHealth. The news is a worrying development for Panama's rich biodiversity of amphibians east of the canal.
Carbon market may fund dam in Panama that threatens natural reserve
(09/01/2008) The UN's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) — a scheme that provides funds to projects that reduce emissions in developing nations — may be used to finance a hydroelectric dam in Panama which, according to environmentalists, threatens a biologically rich World Heritage site and an indigenous tribe, the Ngobe.
STRI goes carbon neutral as Panama indigenous community to see carbon payments from forest conservation
(08/21/2008) The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), the Panama-based branch of the Smithsonian Institution, will offset its carbon dioxide emissions by working with an indigenous community to conserve forests and reforest degraded lands with native tree species. The agreement was announced Sunday, August 17, 2008.
Researchers discover "artistic" moth in Panama
(07/29/2008) Researchers have discovered a new species of Bagworm Moth that wraps its eggs individually in "beautiful cases" fashioned from its golden abdominal hairs, according to a new paper published in the Annals of the Entomology Society of America. The behavior is unique among insects.
Climate change will increase the erosion of coral reefs
(07/28/2008) Coral reefs are particularly susceptible to climate change. Warming waters have been shown to bleach coral, killing off symbiotic algae that provide them with sustenance, and often leading to the death of the coral itself. Much attention has been placed on bleaching coral, but now scientists have discovered an additional danger to coral reefs in a warming world: erosion.
14 countries win REDD funding to protect tropical forests
(07/24/2008) Fourteen countries have been selected by the World Bank to receive funds for conserving their tropical forests under an innovative carbon finance scheme.
Frog chooses whether to lay eggs on land or in water
(05/19/2008) Researchers in Panama have discovered a frog that can choose whether it lays its eggs on land or in water. It is the first time such "reproductive flexibility" has been found in a vertebrate.
New research shows wild sloths sleep less than captive sloths
(05/14/2008) Wild sloths are considerably more active than their counterparts in captivity, reports the first electrophysiological study of sleep in a wild animal.
Cache of rare and undiscovered species under threat in Panama
(04/21/2008) Rare and previously undiscovered species are under threat by loggers, ranchers, and poachers in an isolated patch of cloud forest in Panama, a prominent group of scientists has warned. The group, the Association for Tropical Biology and conservation (ATBC), has called on the Panamanian government to immediately provide protected-area status to the region.
Bats protect crops from insects
(04/04/2008) Bats eat as many insects at night as birds do during the day, according to research published in the journal Science.
Bats eat as many insects as birds
(04/03/2008) Bats eat as many insects at night as birds do during the day, according to research published in the journal Science.
The Panamanian golden frog declared extinct by BBC Natural History crew
(02/04/2008) A national symbol of Panama has been declared extinct by BBC filmmakers. The crew was in Panama to film the unique frog for David Attenborough's most recent series on reptiles and amphibians, entitled Life in Cold Blood. The filmmakers achieved their objective and captured the golden frog on film, including rarely seen behvaior.
Scientists discover four species of anole lizards in 24 hours in Panama
(01/13/2008) In January of 2006 a biological expedition uncovered four anole species in a single day. Dr. Gunther Koehler, a member of the expedition, described the discoveries as "a once in a life time experience; during expeditions before, we had found new species, one at a time--but four species within 24 hours, that was incredible!"
Two new species of salamander discovered in Panama
(09/09/2007) Scientists have discovered two new species of salamanders from the mountainous Costa Rica-Panama border region. The findings, published by David B. Wake, Jay M. Savage, and James Hanken in the journal Copeia, push the number of salamanders known in the region to 24, making it a hotspot in terms of salamander biodiversity.
Groups demand AES withdraw from Panama dam projects
(08/23/2007) More than 50 green groups demanded Thursday that AES Corporation withdraw from three controversial hydroelectric projects that are threatening La Amistad International Park in Panama. Environmentalists say the dams threaten to displace wildlife and local communities -- the Naso and Ngobe people -- in the World Heritage site.
Low deforestation countries to see least benefit from carbon trading
(08/13/2007) Countries that have done the best job protecting their tropical forests stand to gain the least from proposed incentives to combat global warming through carbon offsets, warns a new study published in Tuesday in the journal Public Library of Science Biology (PLoS). The authors say that "high forest cover with low rates of deforestation" (HFLD) nations "could become the most vulnerable targets for deforestation if the Kyoto Protocol and upcoming negotiations on carbon trading fail to include intact standing forest."
Set back for AES on rainforest dam project in Panama
(06/26/2007) The World Heritage Committee moved to assess threats to La Amistad International Park, a World Heritage site shared by Panama and Costa Rica, from AES Corporation's planned construction of four hydroelectric dams on the park's border. The decision was based on an April 2007 petition from the Center for Biological Diversity and more than 30 other organizations in the United States, Panama, and Costa Rica.
Can cattle ranchers and soy farmers save the Amazon?
(06/06/2007) John Cain Carter, a Texas rancher who moved to the heart of the Amazon 11 years ago and founded what is perhaps the most innovative organization working in the Amazon, Alianca da Terra, believes the only way to save the Amazon is through the market. Carter says that by giving producers incentives to reduce their impact on the forest, the market can succeed where conservation efforts have failed. What is most remarkable about Alianca's system is that it has the potential to be applied to any commodity anywhere in the world. That means palm oil in Borneo could be certified just as easily as sugar cane in Brazil or sheep in New Zealand. By addressing the supply chain, tracing agricultural products back to the specific fields where they were produced, the system offers perhaps the best market-based solution to combating deforestation. Combining these approaches with large-scale land conservation and scientific research offers what may be the best hope for saving the Amazon.
Rural population decline may not slow deforestation
(06/03/2007) A new paper shoots down the theory that increasing urbanization will lead to increasing forest cover in the tropics. Writing in the July issue of the journal Biotropica, Sean Sloan, a researcher from McGill University in Montreal, argues that anticipated declines in rural populations via urbanization will not necessarily result in reforestation--a scenario put forth in a controversial paper published in Biotropica last year by Joseph Wright of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and Helene Muller-Landau of the University of Minnesota. Wright and Muller-Landau said that deforestation rates will likely slow, then reverse, due to declining rural population density in developing countries.
Globalization could save the Amazon rainforest
(06/03/2007) The Amazon basin is home to the world's largest rainforest, an ecosystem that supports perhaps 30 percent of the world's terrestrial species, stores vast amounts of carbon, and exerts considerable influence on global weather patterns and climate. Few would dispute that it is one of the planet's most important landscapes. Despite its scale, the Amazon is also one of the fastest changing ecosystems, largely as a result of human activities, including deforestation, forest fires, and, increasingly, climate change. Few people understand these impacts better than Dr. Daniel Nepstad, one of the world's foremost experts on the Amazon rainforest. Now head of the Woods Hole Research Center's Amazon program in Belem, Brazil, Nepstad has spent more than 23 years in the Amazon, studying subjects ranging from forest fires and forest management policy to sustainable development. Nepstad says the Amazon is presently at a point unlike any he's ever seen, one where there are unparalleled risks and opportunities. While he's hopeful about some of the trends, he knows the Amazon faces difficult and immediate challenges.
Colorful marine creatures discovered off Panama
(05/31/2007) Researchers have discovered five new species of sea slug off the coast of Central America. Surveys have found that the region, known as the Tropical Eastern Pacific, is characterized by large numbers of endemic and previously unknown species. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) reports that recent expeditions have turned up 5 new species of nudibranchs--a group of mollusks lacking outer shells. The discoveries are important because nudibranchs have developed "sophisticated chemical defense mechanisms" which can help with the development of novel medicinal products.
Climate change could dramatically change forests in Central America
(05/02/2007) Drought could cause dramatic shifts in rainforest plant communities in Central America, reports a new study published in the May 3 issue of Nature. The research shows that many rainforest plants are ill-equipped to deal with extended dry periods, putting them at elevated risk from changes in climate projected for the region.
AES Corp seeks to flood rainforest World Heritage site
(04/23/2007) American power company AES Corporation seeks to flood sections of Panama's La Amistad World Heritage site, alleges a coalition of more than 30 environmental groups that today filed a petition against the electric utility.
Higher temperatures slow tropical tree growth
(04/23/2007) Climate change may be reducing growth rates of tropical rainforest trees, a development that could have widespread impacts for biodiversity, forest productivity, and even climate change itself, according to new research published in Ecology Letters.
Caribbean coral reefs result of mass extinction, rise of isthmus
(03/12/2007) Extinctions that resulted from the formation of the Panamanian isthmus were delayed two million years according to a new study by researchers at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and London's Natural History Museum. The findings may have implications for global species extinction and evolution.
Billion Tree Campaign gets pledges totaling 562M trees since January
(03/06/2007) The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) announced that its 'Billion Tree Campaign' has so-far achieved commitments to plant 562,769,095 trees, following a pledge of 250 million trees by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Mexico.
Panama Canal port projects threaten mangroves
(03/06/2007) Port development and land speculation in Panama is turning some of the Caribbean's most productive mangrove forests into landfill. The landfill would be used for container storage near the city of Colon, at the mouth of the Panama Canal. But local scientists say the transformation could have unintended environmental consequences.
Indigenous populations deforested New World rainforests before European contact
(02/28/2007) Indigenous populations used fire to clear large areas of tropical forest well before the arrival of Europeans reports a new study published in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The research has important implications for understanding the impact of present forest development on biodiversity and forest regeneration in the tropics.
HSBC gives Smithsonian $8 million to study global warming impact on forests
(02/12/2007) HSBC, one of the world's largest banks, today announced an $8 million grant to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) to fund the world's largest field experiment on the long-term effects of climate change on forest dynamics. The grant will enable STRI to expand the research capability of its Center for Tropical Forest Science, a network of tropical forest research stations across 20 sites in 17 countries.
Bioprospecting links health and biodiversity conservation in Panama
(12/07/2006) The difference between bioprospecting and biopiracy as at times controversial, but a program run by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) suggests that training professionals in high-biodiversity regions can help bring benefits to local populations while promoting biodiversity conservation. The program, called the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG), is profiled in the December issue of the journal BioScience.
Avoided deforestation could send $38 billion to third world under global warming pact
(11/01/2006) Avoided deforestation will be a hot point of discussion at next week's climate meeting in Nairobi, Kenya. Already a coalition of 15 rainforest nations have proposed a plan whereby industrialized nations would pay them to protect their forests to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, last month Brazil -- which has the world's largest extent of tropical rainforests and the world's highest rate of forest loss -- said it promote a similar initiative at the talks. At stake: potentially billions of dollars for developing countries. When trees are cut greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere -- roughly 20 percent of annual emissions of such heat-trapping gases result from deforestation and forest degradation. Avoided deforestation is the concept where countries are paid to prevent deforestation that would otherwise occur. Policymakers and environmentalists alike find the idea attractive because it could help fight climate change at a low cost while improving living standards for some of the world's poorest people and preserving biodiversity and other ecosystem services. A number of prominent conservation biologists and development agencies including the World Bank and the U.N. have already endorsed the idea.
Carbon trading could save rainforests
(04/12/2006) A new rainforest conservation initiative by developing nations offers great promise to help slow tropical deforestation rates says William Laurance, a leading rainforest biologist from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, in an article appearing Friday in New Scientist.
Does tropical biodiversity increase during global warming?
(03/30/2006) Forest fragmentation may cause biodiversity loss lasting millions of years according to a new study published in the March 31, 2006 issue of the journal Science. Using cores drilled through 5 kilometers of rock in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela, Carlos Jaramillo of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama and a team of researchers derived a fossil pollen record for a 72 million-year period with samples ranging from 10 to 82 million years ago.
Fungus may be devastating amphibian populations worldwide
(02/06/2006) Her most likely culprit is a hugely infectious disease caused by a fungus. In just four months -- from mid-September of 2004 to mid-January of 2005 -- Lips and her colleagues saw more than half the amphibian population of El Cope, Panama, sicken and die from this disease.
Male lizard color may result from female preference
(12/27/2005) The anole lizard's dewlap -- a flap of skin that hangs beneath its chin -- plays an important role in species recognition, territorial defense and courtship. According to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), a leading research institution in Panama, male slender anoles (Norops limifrons) exhibit variation in dewlap color ranging from orange dewlaps in Gamboa populations, white with an orange spot on Barro Colorado Island, and mixed populations in Soberania.
Rainforests worth $1.1 trillion for carbon alone in Coalition nations
(11/29/2005) If a coalition of developing countries has its way, there could soon be new forests sprouting up in tropical regions. The group of ten countries, led by Papua New Guinea, has proposed that wealthy countries pay them to preserve their rainforests. The Coalition for Rainforest Nations argues that all countries should pay for the benefits -- from carbon sequestration to watershed protection -- that tropical rainforests provide.
Bioprospecting in Panama
(04/20/2005) Coiba, an island 12 miles off the coast of Panama and once a notorious penal colony, may be hiding big secrets in its reefs, among them, a possible cure for malaria.
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