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Leaders D (25%)
Groups F (0%)
Events F (17%)
History B (57%)
Opposition F (0%)
Tactics F (14%)
Content F (17%)
Grade levels A (100%)
Current events F (0%)
Civics F (0%)
Other movements A (100%)
Context B (50%)
Items the State Requires
Leaders: Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks. Events: Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act. History: Integration of armed forces, Jim Crow, literacy tests, poll taxes. Tactics: Nonviolence.
GRADE D means Arizona includes at least 20% of the recommended content and should review and revise its standards.
Arizona has five master strands for social studies education in its Academic Standards. The civil rights movement appears in both the civics and government strand and in the U.S. history strand: "Post-war tensions led to social change in the United States and to a heightened focus on foreign policy. Civil rights struggles, changing social expectations, global tensions and economic growth defined the modern United States. Those issues continue to change and reshape our nation."
As with many states, Arizona defines the items listed below that follow "e.g." as non-required content. The state makes it clear that while "e.g." concepts are not required, they are potentially subject to testing.
Elementary and Middle School
Grade 1: Students should "Recognize that Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. and César Chavez worked for and supported the rights and freedoms of others."
Grade 3: Students are asked to "Recognize that individuals (e.g., Susan B. Anthony, Jackie Robinson, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., César Chavez) worked for and supported the rights of others."
Grade 7: Civics: Identify the government's role in progressive reforms (e.g., women's suffrage, labor unions, temperance movement, civil rights).
Grade 8: Students are required to "Describe the importance of the following civil rights issues and events: a. Jim Crow Laws, b. nonviolent protests, c. desegregation, d. Civil Rights Act of 1964, e. Voting Rights Act of 1965." Grade 8: Civics: Describe the impact that the following acts had on increasing the rights of groups and individuals: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Indian Rights Act of 1968 and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Describe the impact that the following had on rights for individuals and groups: Jim Crow laws, literacy test, poll taxes, Grandfather Clause; civil rights movement (i.e., Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks); desegregation of the military, schools, transportation, sports; United Farm Workers (i.e., César Chavez); National Organization for Women (NOW) and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
High School
U.S. History: Students must "Describe aspects of post World War II American society:"
• Postwar prosperity (e.g., growth of suburbs, baby boom, GI Bill).
• Popular culture (e.g., conformity v. counter-culture, mass-media).
• Protest movements (e.g., anti-war, women's rights, civil rights, farm workers, César Chavez).
• Assassinations (e.g., John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., Robert F. Kennedy, Malcolm X).
• Shift to increased immigration from Latin America and Asia.
Arizona's content requirements for learning about the civil rights movement are very weak. Like many states, Arizona's standards omit discussion of racism and white resistance. The state does require students to learn about Jim Crow, literacy tests and poll taxes, but fails to provide guidance about the origins of those discriminatory laws. While Arizona does include education about the civil rights movement in multiple grades, a closer inspection reveals that much of the required content simply repeats from year to year rather than building upon prior knowledge.
The story about the civil rights movement told in these standards is a story of a small number of heroic individuals (no groups are included in either required or suggested knowledge) who influenced legislation (students are repeatedly required to learn about the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965) without substantial resistance.
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subset: commoncrawl


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BY Joe White on Wed January 11th, 2012
If you're utilizing Apple's iCloud backup service and are running low on those free five gigabytes of storage, you may wish to delete individual backups and free-up some space (either that, or you'll have to spend some cash on increasing your iCloud storage). Fortunately, deleting individual iCloud backups is easy to do. Read on, and we'll explain the entire process.
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BY Joe White on Sat April 09th, 2011
In case you were wondering: It is possible to justify text on your iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad. And what's more – it's not tough to activate text justification.
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Doug Harvey
Art of the City
Living in a creative capital for painters, sculptors, and sound-scapers has its advantages, but with so many people and galleries worthy of attention, how do you know where to start? For the answer, read onRead more
Art of the City: The Galleries
L.A. LouverA stone's throw from the Venice boardwalk, L.A. Louver is the last outpost of what was once a thriving bohemian arts district. Low-rent no more, the gallery ascended to the big time representing the likes of expat David Hockney, R.B. Kitaj, Ed Kienholz, and Ken Price while championing the underrated like Charles Garabedian (eightysomething […]Read more
Art of the City: The Artists
Get to know the artists' artists, overlooked geniuses, and emerging talent we expect will achieve the stature of local pantheon dwellers like Ed Ruscha, Catherine Opie, Chris Burden, John Baldessari, and Barbara KrugerRead more
Art of the City: The Connectors
Former punk roadie for Kris Kristofferson and in-house photographer for Frank Gehry, Josh White made his name as the go-to lensman for most of L.A.'s heavyweight art institutions and many artists. While working on projects for Tom Sachs, Jasper Johns, and others, White is publishing a history of Slash Records.Read more
» jwpictures.com
It's Time to Canvas the City
A calendar of this season's can't-miss art eventsRead more


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Hello Everybody,
I have not been around much this past year because I don't get very much free time between taking care of my elderly mother and the kid's sports, but we will be in Fargo with Karissa wrestling for team Oklahoma.
I was just wondering how many of the people that belong to this forum will be in Fargo also.
Jim Brown?
Jason Bryant?
Danielle Hobeika?
Hope to meet some of you there.
Tony & Karissa Avallone


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We're supposed to get snow on SUNDAY!!! I don't care WHAT kind of snow.. I don't want ANY!!! My Peach trees have blossoms.. my perennials are coming up too as are my Asiatic lillies... GRRRRRRR!!!!
Pray about what you can't! ;)
in town, there are huge branches broken off dormant hardwoods everywhere, evergreens some to even, and even entire trees!
I brought in my container lettuces and spinach today and covered my up coming perennials with straw.
I don't know what will happen to our peach trees.
Hubby got a new yard toy... It's a CYCLONE RAKE Z-10.He used it for the first time today and proceeded to vacuum up all the loose stuff in my garden THEN BAcked OVER my APPLE TREE. I screamed. Poor Tree has been stripped.... I don't know if it's going to make it. I told him he was a maniac with this new toy and to get it OUT of my garden before he sucked up everything and ran over the rest of the trees!
Sounds like something I would do!
tsk...tsk.....Men and their toys....LOL