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Abstract: in particular interested in the relationship of knowledge to business performance and ... Innovation\' is the process of bringing novelty\' into being, but to analyse this a little ...
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Chris Collinge
Centre for Urban and Regional Studies
University of Birmingham
Paper for EURODITE meeting 30-31 March 2006
DG Research, European Commission, Brussels
01/10/2007; 14:18 1
"New ideas can be good and bad, just the same as old ones" - Eleanor Roosevelt
First of all let us say a few words about the meaning of the term 'innovation'. For
Schumpeter an innovation is a change in the form of the production function such that
old inputs can be combined in new ways through, for example, advances not only in
scientific understanding but also in organizational methods (Schumpeter 1939). For
Nelson and Rosenberg, however, innovation occurs primarily in reference to
technology, and in their well-known book they ignore its institutional forms (Nelson
and Rosenberg 1993). They do however draw an important distinction between things
that are new within a particular setting (e.g. firm or place) and things that are new to
the entire world – between what we might be call local and global innovations – and
they note that the former may be at least as important as the latter for business
profitability (Nelson and Rosenberg 1993, p.4). Likewise Carlsson and Stankiewicz
(following Lundvall) stress the technological dimension of innovation, but include
knowledge ('know-how' or 'software') alongside hardware within this notion
(Carlsson 1995, p.3; Lundvall 1992). The concept of 'innovation' is therefore
associated with certain tendencies as follows:
o the tendency to stress the significance of technology and to place this at the centre
of the economic development process;
o the tendency to stress the significance of change over continuity (and over other
variables such as performance);
o the tendency to equate change with improvements in performance, and to endorse a
teleological view of history in which things are moving in a progressive direction;
o the tendency to assimilate innovations and ideas, with new technology being seen
as a direct expression of new ideas;
o the tendency to fall back upon a model of economic development in which
knowledge figures primarily as part of product development – either in an heroic
conveyor belt from invention to innovation to marketable product, or perhaps in
the prosaic incrementalism of learning-by-doing.
This last tendency has in particular meant that the investigation of knowledge in the
economy has been treated as a continuation of the innovation problematic. In laying
the groundwork for the EURODITE project it is therefore important to explore the
differences between knowledge and innovation, and in the process to explore the
different dimensions of each. In the present paper we begin the task of identifying the
differences between knowledge-based and innovation-based approaches to economic
The Innovation Problematic
There is within the economic literature a complex interweaving of the concepts of
knowledge, innovation and technology. It is for instance the general practice
throughout endogenous growth theory to assimilate technology to ideas, and to assume
that new technology comes about through the implementation of new ideas (Romer
1986, 1990; Grossman and Helpman 1991; Aghion and Howitt 1992; Jones 2004).
This link is perhaps determined by the belief that it is ideas that have independent scale
effects – that increased economic growth rates depend especially upon a supply of
01/10/2007; 14:18 2
additional ideas through R&D (rather than an increase in the volume of other factors).
But ideas function within economic settings in complex ways, and there is for instance
a big difference between:
o products and the ideas that inform products (old or new),
o product ideas and the ideas that products represent or convey,
o product ideas and the ideas – knowledge or culture – that sustains
businesses as going concerns from one time-period to the next,
Ideas may therefore inform the design and construction of products but should not be
assimilated to the latter for analytical or scientific purposes. Indeed both ideas and
objects are open to innovation, and it would confuse our analysis of their interaction to
equate either of these to innovations. The purpose of the EURODITE project is "to
understand the role of knowledge in the economies of European regions, in order to
inform policies to promote the transition of these regions towards a knowledge-based
economy with enhanced social cohesion" (for a full statement see Appendix 1). We are
in particular interested in the relationship of knowledge to business performance and
thence to economic performance, whether or not this passes through what might be
thought of as an innovation stage. We should not begin by assuming that product-
related knowledge and the novelty of this is all important and therefore central to our
concern. To emphasize new product ideas over business knowledge in general would
be to beg the question of knowledge, to reduce the knowledge problematic to that of
Figure 1: The structure of novelty
Ideas Objects
The emphasis of EURODITE upon knowledge rather than innovation, and so the
novelty issue is of secondary importance. New knowledge is however one form of
innovation, and so to understand the significance of new knowledge it is worth
spending some time seeing if we can understand the concept of innovation. Perhaps
innovations differ from knowledge in that the latter is not itself a kind of technology?
But whilst we tend to think of technology in terms of hardware there is no reason why
the term cannot be extended to include any instrument – material or social – that has
been designed or selected for a purpose. Indeed if instrumentality is the defining
characteristic of technology then it is hard to think of an economic good – including
scientific knowledge itself – that is not an item of technology in some way. Ideas can
therefore be regarded as a kind (perhaps a special, nonrival kind) of technology, in
which case we are left with the question of novelty.
The development of each new idea, each novelty that is accepted as such within a
tradition, draws upon a growing stock of knowledge in one form or another.
Traditional knowledges do not reside simply in books or heads but inform objects and
01/10/2007; 14:18 3
processes that stretch out and constitute an entire world, and it is this system that is
implicated in each act of novelty. Each tradition will inhibit some ideational
innovations (perhaps because the easiest ideas have already been discovered, or
because the force of authority discourages certain questions) but generally it will also
encourage others (perhaps because in a Kuhnian manner old ideas become inconsistent
with one another). In the process although some old ideas may be overthrown, the
position of others will at the same time be reinforced and entrenched. It is this dynamic
between the old and the new that has recently preoccupied growth theorists attempting
to overcome the problems associated with knowledge scale effects (Jones 1995;
Dinopoulos and Thompson 1998; for a review see Jones 2004). As soon as the
problematic of innovation is introduced into any field then the interplay between old
and new, continuity and change, must become central. In so far as there is a concern
with new knowledge as part of the wider EURODITE study then it will examine how
this develops within its tradition, and the relationship of old and new knowledge in this
context. But the dynamic of old and new is only one strand of the dynamics of
knowledge with which Eurodite is concerned, and the notion of stock and flow is a
more embracing relation in which there will always be an intimate mixture of change
and continuity.
Figure 2: The dynamics of knowledge
Old New
Stock archive
Flow circulation innovation
The focus of EURODITE – in for example WP6 – should be upon mapping knowledge
within firms, establishing ways of describing the knowledge domains that are found,
the relationships between stocks and flows and – in a very local sense – between
continuity and change.
The Impossibility of Innovation
There are two reasons for wanting to shift the focus of attention away from innovation
towards knowledge, and in the process to develop the knowledge problematic and
paradigm. The first reason is the obvious importance of knowledge to every type of
economic activity, and its strange neglect within economics at least until the 1980s.
But the second reason is to be found in the difficulties that arise in working with the
notion of 'innovation' itself. It is important here to say something about the nature of
these difficulties (on this see also Blake and Hanson 2005).
'Innovation' is the process of bringing 'novelty' into being, but to analyse this a little
further it is useful to recognise that novelty is a kind of 'difference', and to explore
some of the issues which innovation raises in the more neutral language of sameness
and difference. Differences between things can occur in space or time: one thing can
differ from another that it is next to in space or that it succeeds in time. When one
moment follows another without difference in content then we have 'continuity',
01/10/2007; 14:18 4
whilst if there is a difference then we have 'change'. 'Change' and 'novelty' resemble
one another in that each involves the two dimensions of similarity and temporality –
one thing must differ from others within its context and follow these in time to be
regarded as a change or a novelty.
Figure 3: the dimensions of innovation
But 'innovation' also carries two further teleological implications that go beyond the
process of change. It implies that the change is designed to some degree (in its
inception or in its application) and not the result of (say) blind chance, and it implies
that the change extends the forward motion or progress of the particular context within
which it is set (whether this is local or global). In the first case the novel status of a
product depends on – is relative to – the purposes of its producers, whilst in the second
it is relative to the purposes (and so the sense of progress) of its users. Many
innovations are (as Schumpeter observed) new combinations of existing materials or
new applications of existing designs. Aspirin, for example, is now prescribed to reduce
blood-pressure and avoid heart attack as well as to cure headaches. If this step is to be
regarded as an instance of innovation then it has to be recognised that novelty lies in
the reapplication of an old substance to a new purpose.
Furthermore, whilst an innovation is a kind of difference it has the additional
implication of 'exclusivity', of being different to all others within the particular
setting. The innovatory status of a change is therefore always relative to its context,
dependant upon the field against which it is compared, whether this is local or global.
A global innovation is new in a global context, and its difference does not reduce to
the same in other (earthly) contexts. A local innovation is new to (say) a particular
factory or place, and what is different (new) in one context will therefore be reduced to
the same (old) in other contexts. Local innovations may arise either through discovery
or duplication, whilst global innovations must arise only through discovery. The
localness of innovation can also be temporal as well as spatial, such that repetition is
precluded within a particular time horizon: bringing trams back to British cities is a
temporally local innovation in the context of current transport pressures, not in the
longer context of the modern era. But when trams were first introduced to British cities
this was a temporally global innovation in that it did not repeat something that had
been done earlier – in that particular country.
If however we put these connotations to one side and limit ourselves to a simplified
notion of novelty as change, then to operate with this concept a series of decisions
must be made regarding what will count as new, decisions that are prompted by the
following experiences:
01/10/2007; 14:18 5
1. Churning. Let us think of the most unchanging socioeconomic environment we
can imagine, perhaps the palaeolithic phase of hunting-gathering that occupied
most of early human history (and is discussed in for example Kremer 1993 or
Jones 2004). The process of sustaining something that can be regarded as the same,
the process of sustaining continuity from one time period to the next, depends upon
replacing parts that wear out by others that are effectively the same. This process
of replacement might be referred to as 'churning', in which each unique person or
thing, each word or thought is over time replaced by another that does more or less
the same job. But of course each person or thing, each word or thought, is distinct
from those others it replaces, and the very act of identifying two singular things as
'the same' presupposes that they are also distinct from one another. This is not just
a matter of semantics: lumping together all palaeolithic practices as 'hunting-
gathering' does violence to the singularity of our ancestors' lives, and misses the
crucial point that continuity may have been their greatest achievement, permitting
practices and ideas (e.g. about survival) to endure beyond a single generation.
Continuity is therefore dependent upon – enfolds – the change process identified as
churning, and the experience of novelty is relative to the churning that achieves its
2. Iteration. Over recent years a novel or innovative approach to design and
marketing has been one that harnesses designs from the past, designs with
particular positive associations, and places these in a new market context (e.g.
presenting nostalgic echoes through hot-rod design in family saloon cars). But this
exposes the way that applying an existing design in a new setting will always
involve it in new meanings – for example nostalgia – and therefore enable it to be
regarded as innovation. To repeat something in a new setting where it unavoidably
acquires new meanings and purposes is the process of iteration. At the lowest most
local level innovation occurs in this process, which stops something from being
'the same' (allows its singularity to appear) from one setting to another.
3. Categories. The stability and continuity of Palaeolithic society, like that of
anything else, is therefore a practical accomplishment that depends not only upon
churning but also upon decisions about the types of changes that will be
acknowledged as such and the types that will be ignored – about changes that will
be counted as change and changes that will be counted as continuity. Indeed this
applies at every level of abstraction: there are for example continuities that involve
constant change and departures from these continuities (e.g. accelerating economic
growth rates) that represent meta-changes or perhaps innovations. The iteration
process may not be regarded as innovation, even though it introduces the novelty
of singularity with each use of a product, but to reduce it to continuity depends
upon the imposition of such categories of identity. The experience of novelty is
therefore relative to the concepts of identity, the levels of abstraction and the
thresholds of change with which one is attempting to work. The continuity of a
product or idea is therefore relative in that, given the pervasive experience of
churning, continuity depends upon how similar it is, the mixture and balance
between change and continuity that it is thought to manifests, and the standards
that are set for this judgement.
01/10/2007; 14:18 6
4. Strategic Continuity. Likewise it is important for a business to retain a context of
continuity over time whilst strategically engaging in change and novelty. An
example of crucial continuity would be the standards that establish common
infrastructures (in the widest sense including customer familiarity) within which
differences can be recognised as novelties or innovations. Another example would
be that of the brands (e.g. The Financial Times; or Rolls Royce) that are familiar
and reassures the customer that what will be purchased is of a certain set of
qualities. A third example of crucial continuity is however closer to the innovation
process, and concerns the guarding of the innovation. As growth theorists have
argued in their models of inter-temporal equilibria, firms are discouraged from
investing in new product development if they expect further products to come
along soon to replace these (e.g. Aghion and Howitt 1992). Firms therefore seek
ways of preserving the novelty of their innovations over time – of establishing the
continuity of their products against future innovations – through use of IPR,
through the establishment of standards, and through barriers-to-entry (e.g.
advertising). An innovation that is ephemeral and gives an ephemeral advantage is
little use to a firm, and just as change (churning) is folded within continuity so
continuity is therefore folded within change.
5. Otherness. Winding the clock forward we may feel that the present is the most
changeful socioeconomic environment that there has so far been, with the
diversification of sciences, accelerating design and product cycles, new media and
new ways of working. For contemporary society a new object or activity is one that
develops the tradition to which it belongs by departing from this to a certain degree
– whether vertically or horizontally – and that by virtue of this can be classed as
'new'. Something that departs too little from the past will not be new because it
will be seen (e.g. by customers or by the Patents Office) as too similar to its
comparators and will therefore fall back into the category of churning, of the same
old stuff. But something that is too different, that departs too far from the past will
not be discernable as new – as a development from those others that it to some
degree resembles and against which its difference is being measured. Just as the
process of identifying two singularities as the same acknowledges that they are to
some degree distinct and so different (continuity is a mixture of continuity and
change in this generalised sense) so identifying two similarities as different also
acknowledges that they are to some degree comparable and therefore the same
(change is a mixture of continuity and change in this generalised sense). The
difference and novelty of a product or idea is therefore relative in that it depends
not only upon the set of other things against which it is being compared within its
context, but upon how different it is, the mixture and balance between continuity
and change that it is thought to manifests, and the standards that are set for this
judgement within the setting. Each novelty is regarded as a mixture of the new and
the old, the same and the different, and if it cannot be so regarded then it is not
'new' (i.e. related to something in existence) but simply one-off or 'other'.
6. Lawfulness. It might be argued that there are rules for deciding between continuity
and change or novelty, and for handling the problems of churning, iteration and
otherness, that the categories which allow us to distinguish between continuity and
change settle this in an orderly way. But each reapplication of any rule is itself
unruly or unlawful – no application can be determined in advance by means of a
generalisation unless we postulate a second-order law of law-applications, which
01/10/2007; 14:18 7
leads immediately into an infinite regress – and is therefore open to iteration and
alteration. Once again we see the relativity and perspectivality of innovation.
The phenomena of sameness and difference, of continuity and change, are so bound up
with one another that in the end it becomes impossible to determine with confidence
what combination of each is involved in any product or activity. All we can say with
certainty is that any product or activity will be a complex mixture of the two, without it
being especially useful or feasible to determine what the proportions are within this
mixture, or where the split between them exactly lies.
Social Construction of Novelty
Whilst it may be interesting to consider what is the same and what is different, the key
question for the firm and the economy is how to survive and grow. The novelty of a
product is more important, and is therefore more of a preoccupation, in some fields of
endeavour than in others – in for example drug development rather than (say)
management consultancy or public transport. But in either context the primary concern
is less to develop novelty for its own sake more to develop solutions to particular
problems, and it may not matter whether the solution is old or new as long as it can be
produced profitably.
An interesting and important topic is therefore the reasons why the 'novelty' of an
item becomes an important focus for participants, the ways and processes through
which this happens, and the practices through which novelty is defined and accredited.
The Patent Office, marketeers or consumers (including peer reviewers) may for
example be the arbiters of novelty – consumers because they will tell whether their
problem has been solved better than before, the marketeer because 'novelty' (like
continuity) may be a selling point, and the Patent Office because patent-novelty grants
the monopoly power that derives from ownership of the IPR.
A way of testing whether the focus of a study is really upon innovation as against
product development is to see whether steps have been taken to demonstrate the
novelty of the product. Studies which take the novelty of products as given – which
accept practitioners' notions of novelty and their claims as to product innovativeness –
are contributing to and reinforcing the rhetoric of innovation whilst actually focussing
upon the solution of problems in the product development process. Given the
imponderable nature of novelty and innovation, any study that is truly focussed upon
innovation (rather than the process of product or business development in general) will
want to understand how this becomes an issue for participants and how they seek to
resolve it – how the producers and arbiters of novelty define this and attempt to
persuade each other of their accomplishments.
Elements of a Knowledge Paradigm
The purpose of the EURODITE study is to develop an understanding of regional
economic development by highlighting the role of knowledge. The focus of such a
study will therefore be upon the ways in which knowledge contributes to business and
thence to economic success. Rather than assuming that this contribution is mediated
primarily through the product development or innovation process, the study will
therefore want to examine the different domains and levels of knowledge within firms,
01/10/2007; 14:18 8
and to understand the ways in which these operate dynamically with one another in the
course of building business success. The kinds of ways in which knowledge
participates in business survival and expansion include some or all of the following:
o the different fields of expertise that are involved in making a business run
o the ways in which branding and the defence of brands – as aspects of our
knowledge of products, and of a firm's self-knowledge – are constructed and
o the ways in which firm identities are constituted by harnessing (for example)
positive aspects of an image and embroidering or defending this,
o the significance of standards – as inter-firm knowledge frameworks – and the
ways these are negotiated, changed or sustained,
o the ability that managers must have to guide – empower and restrain – R&D
and other engineering-driven activities, or the marketing activities, of firms if
they are to remain profitable,
o the knowledge that is required to determine when it is tactically correct to
undertake new product development for oneself, or to take over other firms or
inventor's product ideas,
o more generally the knowledge that managers and entrepreneurs need to have
regarding the other knowledges that they draw upon – the meta-knowledges
and reflexive knowledges of participants – and the place of these within the
knowledge that comprises the business strategy.
The relationship of knowledge stocks and flows, and the role of (for example)
knowledge spillovers, will occur in each of these fields. It may be that our field-work
can open up a knowledge paradigm in economic development by examining these
kinds of issues. To develop such a knowledge-based approach to economic
development it is perhaps especially useful to think about the knowledge dynamics of
firms (and regions) that involve knowledge-intensive business services, and to apply
this model to other (perhaps manufacturing) sectors.
The innovation paradigm is long established and tends to impel researchers and policy-
makers in a certain direction – towards the centrality of technology and of change to
economic development in which (in particular) there is a flow from scientific
knowledge or invention through innovation and product development to the market.
The emphasis then is placed upon (for example) the linking of scientists in universities
(say) to particular markets via their bright ideas. Now whilst of course this process
does occur, and whilst knowledge is crucial to it, it would distort our understanding of
the role of knowledge in business – or regional – success to stress this paradigm. There
is much more to knowledge dynamics than the contribution of new ideas to new
products, and it is this 'much more' that the EURODITE project should identify and
At the same time, there are serious problems with the innovation paradigm itself.
Given the degree to which continuity and change are interwoven, and given the hyper-
relativity of innovation (its dependence upon purposes and context, upon categories
that are supposed to manage the problems of churning, iteration and otherness)
01/10/2007; 14:18 9
anything that counts as innovation from one point of view will at the same time count
as non-innovation from several other available angles. The decision as to whether
something is to count as innovation is therefore political, is usually confined to
particular settings, and is usually taken as given by social scientists rather than tested.
When social scientists buy uncritically into this terminology they add a further twist to
the rhetoric of the novel whilst diverting attention away from wider questions of
business and economic development.
Novelty is in practice less important than the contribution of ideas as products as well
as factors to the performance of firms and economies – which may involve the
perception of novelty on the part of firms or their customers, in which case the
emphasis will be upon how this perception is constructed and accomplished.
01/10/2007; 14:18 10
Glossary Notes
Disinnovation: Corporate strategies often concern the limitation of innovation –
withdrawing innovations from the market, or preventing them from reaching it, in
order to defend market dominance amongst big players – e.g. ICT or biotech firms
buying up new starts and closing them down for this reason; e.g. auto firms refusing to
disclose their architectures to the public, suppliers and competitors – a disclosure that
would facilitate further innovation – in order to protect their control over parts and
their brands. Ditto Open Source software. We mustn't forget that the point of business
is not knowledge or products but profits and power.
Annovation: The introduction of a new product that the customer does not want, and
that – if they were able to choose – and perhaps if they knew about it – they would
avoid – e.g. GM rice getting into British shops because of the collusion of the Food
Safety Agency (Sept 2006).
01/10/2007; 14:18 11
Aghion P, Howitt P 1992, A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction,
Econometrica, 60.2, 323-351
Aghion P, Howitt P 1998, Endogenous Growth Theory Cambridge MA: MIT Press
Blake M, Hanson S 2005, Rethinking innovation: context and gender, in Environment
and Planning A, 37, 681-701
Carlsson, B. (ed) 1995, Technological Systems and Economic Performance: The Case
of Factory Automation. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Dinopoulos E, Thompson P 1998, Schumpeterian Growth without Scale Effects,
Journal of Economic Growth, 3.4, 313-335
Grossman G, Helpman E 1991a, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy
Cambridge MA: MIT Press
Jones C 1995, Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth Models Quarterly Journal of
Economics 110.2 495-525
Jones C 1999, Growth: With or Without Scale Effects, American Economic Review
89.2 139-144
Jones C 2004, Growth and Ideas, in Aghion P and Durlauf S (eds) Handbook of
Economic Growth, web-based
Kremer M 1993, Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to
1990, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108.4, 681-716
Lundvall, B. (ed) 1992, National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of
Innovation and Interactive Learning, London: Pinter
Nelson R, Rosenberg N 1993, Technical Innovation and National Systems, in Nelson,
R. (ed.) National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Study, Oxford: Oxford
University Press
Romer P 1986, Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth Journal of Political
Economy 94.5 1002-1037
Romer P 1990b "Endogenous Technological Change", Journal of Political Economy
98.5, pt. 2, S71-S102
01/10/2007; 14:18 12
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It looks like we weren't the only ones who couldn't get enough of the AOL online series city.ballet. The Sarah Jessica Parker-produced docudrama following New York City Ballet dancers has been renewed for a second season.
In a way, we're not surprised. The show painted a compellingly intimate portrait of life as a professional ballet dancer—its struggles and triumphs, big and small. And New York City Ballet's artists are smart, charismatic, and fabulously talented, all of which make for great viewing.
NYCB's Sara Mearns in a still from city.ballet.
But a look at the larger picture reveals just how remarkable the renewal actually is. Of the 13 web series AOL commissioned last year as part of its first venture into original programming, only two—city.ballet. and #CandidlyNicole, starring Nicole Richie—were granted a second season. That means city.ballet. beat out shows starring the likes of Gwyneth Paltrow, Jonathan Adler, Hank Azaria and Roco DiSpirito. The power of ballet, ladies and gentlemen!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Health in Africa
- Today
- Past 7 Days
- Past Month
- Past Year
- Specific Date Range
- Closed (15)
- Africa (15)
- Date
Kenya - Animal Health Services Project
The outcome of the Animal Health Services Project for Kenya was unsatisfactory. The project did not achieve all of its objectives, it impact on institutional development... Show More +
Zimbabwe - Family Health Project
Nigeria - Sokoto Health Project
Malawi - Second Family Health Project
Somalia - Livestock Health Services Project
Rwanda - Family Health Project
Lesotho - Health and Population Project
The Health and Population Project in Lesotho was successful. The Bank's interactions were highly valued. The Ministry of Health (MOH)'s performance during the early... Show More +
Senegal - Rural Health Project
Botswana - Family Health Project
The Family Health Project in Botswana was achieved. Overall project performance was satisfactory. The project was also quite successful with respect to institutional... Show More +
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Ratings for the Population, Health and Nutrition Project in Guinea-Bissau were as follows: Overall impact of the project was unsatisfactory. Project achievements fell... Show More +
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Comoros - Health and Population Project
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Population Health and Nutrition Project
The Government of Guinea-Buissau is undertaking this project to achieve its objectives of improving the institutional capabilities of the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP) and strengthening the deliv... Show More +
Family Health Project (02)
The objectives of this Second Family Health Project are: 1) to improve the health status of families, particularly mothers and children, through expansion and strengthening of existing health programs... Show More +
Animal Health Services Rehabilitation Project
The objective of the Animal Health Services Rehabilitation Project is the rehabilitation of Kenya's animal health services, and the provision of a viable and sustainable institutional framework for an... Show More +
Health Project
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Family Health Project
The project would provide for: (a) strengthening of Family Health Services through support to restructuring the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program including the addition of a Family Planning (FP)... Show More +


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Entry Level Drivers
A career in trucking offers tremendous opportunities for financial rewards and professional growth. Whether you're just out of school or you're in a dead-end job, whether you're retired or even if you're looking for a job you can do with your spouse, this could be the ideal career for you. The best part is that even if you don't have previous experience, Swift can help jumpstart your career as a truck driver by giving you the training you need to become a successful trucker.
To get your career in trucking rolling, a Swift Driving Academy is the place to start. Tuition for the comprehensive 23-day course is $3,900. Swift will reimburse you for the total cost of the course over the period of 26 consecutive months of employment with Swift. The tuition includes the following:
• 207-hour course
New classes start every Monday or Wednesday at each of our driving academies.
Note: Some of the academies are currently in the process of a policy change which requires students to get the Class A Permit and DOT Medical Card prior to arriving at the academy. The $150 is waived in this instance. Your recruiter will notify you if this change effects you.
Entry Level Teams
Drivers who want to drive for Swift Transportation as entry level teams will each go through our 6 week training program then team together in their own truck upon successful completion of the 6 week training program. Normal training pay applies. Anyone wanting to drive team can go through a 4 x 4 program. This means they will each go through 4 weeks with a trainer (earning $450 / per week) then after 4 weeks they will get into their own truck, drive together, and begin earning team pay ($.32 cpm team split). Team split means that the truck earns 32 cpm, each driver getting 1/2 or in this case 16 cents for all miles regardless of which team member is actually driving.
Free Spouse Training. Swift also offers a free Spouse Training Program for husbands and wives who wish to drive together. In order to qualify for this program a copy of the marriage certificate has to be provided to Swift.
Swift Tuition Reimbursement
Swift Mentorship Program
(approx first 60 days)
A Driver Services representative will be your contact for any issues you may have during you first 60 days. You will meet this person during orientation and will communicate with them throughout the start of your career with Swift.
You will drive with a qualified Mentor pulling actual loads receiving on-the-job training. During the mentorship program new drivers will earn student pay while learning the Swift system. The training lasts 4-6 weeks with a Certified Mentor. New drivers get paid $450 per week for weeks 1 through 4, and $500 per week during weeks 5 and 6.
Swift utilizes both male and female mentors, drivers have the option of training with the first available mentor or waiting until a Mentor of the same gender becomes available.
Once you complete the 6 week mentorship program and pass your final road test you will be upgraded to a "first seat" classification and receive the keys to your own truck. At this point you will be ready to drive on your own as a solo driver working for Swift Transportation.
Swift Training Schools


text:
Eurostar 'exploring is beautiful' by Fallon
Eurostar is launching a new TV ad, written and directed by the Fallon creative Juan Cabral.
The ad, which is the first from the brand in four years, focuses on an inquisitive girl looking for animals that will talk to her. It is part of an integrated push that will also include online and radio.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox-tech mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
I don't remember C very well, but I thought PERL looks a lot like C
I think in order to use Mason you need Mod_perl, Anyone???
The only reason I asked the question, is when I first started using PHP,
I was like "this is
nice but, it seems like a bad copy of perl (from a language perspective
(form, syntax, functionality)),
thats when I went looking for a perl alternative. Found mod_perl, and
just started writing perl (and printing
out my html, as opposed to writing html and embedding my perl). But I
think mason, embperl, asp all let
you do it as HTML with embedded perl (but they make use of the perl
module for apache (mod_perl)), and
give you faster execution and better language capabilities (although I
think there is a mod_php which
I suspect is faster than regular php)
William Kendrick wrote:
>> Why don't you use mod_perl?
> (1) I'm still not very familiar with Perl. PHP is qutie C like.
> (One of the mottos is: if you don't know how to do it, try doing it
> like you would in C.)
> (2) Henry and/or Eric mentioned at our last meeting that one of the reasons
> something like Perl's HTTP::Mason or PHP are better is because you
> focus on the content and add code to the HTML... rather than creating
> a script and sticking HTML in it.
> For me, PHP is like SSI on steroids. I love SSIs, but they're only
> _truly_ cool when you use the "exec" directive. That means I need to
> write my functions in shell scripts or compiled C programs. It also means
> that the webserver needs to fork to execute the command.
> (I haven't looked into XSSI yet, however... it sounds a bit more versatile)
> Since I'm focusing on the content, and using PHP as a means to make my
> work easier, it's definitely a much better choice (for me) than Perl.
> (That, and I seem to know PHP better already ;) )
> -bill!
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text:
DrugTest 5000 - Draeger Safety Diagnostics Inc
In the past, roadside drug screening has been difficult because it involved the...
Exclusive Webinar!
Originally aired: June 17, 2014 ● 2PM EST
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Neil Schlisserman, Vice President of Sales, states "ILP is a completely new way of going to market for Vigilant. Every ILP package contains an agency-wide license to Vigilant's hosted LEARN analytic software, unlimited access in LEARN to our national database of over 2 billion commercial license plate recognition (LPR) detections, some number of LPR systems – mobile or fixed – to meet the needs of the specific agency, an agency-wide license to our FaceSearch facial recognition solution, as well as a new Mobile Companion smartphone application that encompasses all that ILP has to offer. The ILP packages represent over 75% savings for most agencies, when compared to buying these individual technologies on their own."
"We are developing exciting new technologies, and we are doing so in a very agile and responsive development environment," states Dr. Dinh Tien Son, Co-Founder and Chief Scientist. "The new facial recognition algorithms that we have developed use over 350 different vectors, or measurements, of the human face – essentially creating a fingerprint. There has been a great amount of development work invested into our facial recognition product, and we believe that it will prove itself as the most feature-rich, intuitive, and accurate solution available. Our new Mobile Companion was driven by a desire to combine LPR, LPR data and analytics, and facial recognition all into a very nice and easy-to-use mobile application that is representative of ILP. The availability of all of these features in a mobile application is truly unique, and enables officers in the field to do their jobs more safely and effectively."
For more information on Vigilant's Intelligence-Led Policing Packages, visit www.vigilantsolutions.com/products/ilp or email [email protected].
About Vigilant Solutions:
Based in Livermore, California, Vigilant Solutions is an industry-leading pioneer of innovative intelligence solutions that help law enforcement protect officers, families and communities. For additional information, visit www.vigilantsolutions.com.
Tags: Facial Recognition, Vigilant Video, License Plate Recognition
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text:
THE HOBBIT Breaks Box Office Record with $84.4 Million Debut
Peter Jackson's THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY has officially broken box office records, earning an astounding $84.4 million in its first weekend, Rentrak has announced. THE HOBBIT now holds the title of highest debut in movie history for the month of December. Will Smith's 2007 hit I AM LEGEND previously held the record with $77.2 million.
THE HOBBIT was theatrically released in international markets on December 13 domestically on Friday, December 14. On its first day of release in the United States, THE HOBBIT earned $37.5 million.
Though it's proving to be a box office smash for Jackson, the film has received mixed reviews so far; see BWW's December 13th Review Roundup.
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey follows title character Bilbo Baggins, who is swept into an epic quest to reclaim the lost Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor, which was long ago conquered by the dragon Smaug. The film stars Martin Freeman, and Ian McKellan - it is the first in what is set to be a trilogy.
Rounding out the top five earners for the weekend of Dec. 14-16 were Paramount's RISE OF THE GUARDIANS, which netted $7.4 million, Disney's LINCOLN with $7.2 million, and the latest entry in the 007 franchise, SKYFALL, with $7 million. Fox's LIFE OF PI earned $5.4 million.
Rentrak's Domestic Box Office Estimates: Weekend of Dec 14-16
1) Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, The Warner Bros. $84,775,000 4,045 20,957 $84,775,000
2) Rise Of The Guardians, Paramount $7,420,000 3,387 2,190 $71,361,823
3) Lincoln, Disney $7,244,000 2,285 3,170 $107,898,000
4) Skyfall, Sony $7,000,000 2,924 2,393 $272,366,063
5) Life Of Pi, 20th Century Fox $5,400,000 2,548 2,119 $69,559,406
6) Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, Part 2 Lionsgate $5,175,000 3,042 1,701 $276,865,069
7) Wreck-It Ralph, Disney $3,273,000 2,249 1,455 $168,779,000
8) Playing For Keeps, FilmDistrict $3,247,000 2,840 1,143 $10,838,092
9) Red Dawn, FilmDistrict $2,394,000 2,250 1,064 $40,889,423
10) Silver Linings Playbook, The Weinstein Company $2,084,000 371 5,617 $16,954,049
11) Flight, Paramount $1,940,000 1,823 1,064 $89,448,038
12) Hitchcock, Fox Searchlight $1,085,000 561 1,934 $3,049,212
About Author
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- Gay Men's Health Crisis to Honor THE NORMAL HEART's Larry Kramer with Lifetime Achievement Award


text:
A parenting product by Baby Orajel
Baby Tylenol has been recalled twice in the last two years. On May 4th, 2010, the drugs Children's Tylenol, Motrin, Zyrtec and Benadryl were voluntarily recalled by manufacturer McNeil. Spokesman Marc Boston reported that there may be tiny metal speaks and more of the active drug than specified. Over 50 products are included in this recall and Johnson & Johnson has recommended that special care be taken, especially in medication for children. (To view the list visit here)
If you are breastfeeding, a tooth sensitizer like Orajel can make it difficult for your baby to nurse because your baby will undoubtedly swallow a certain amount which can numb the throat and tongue and result in an incorrect latch.So what are the Natural Remedies for teething?
Numb with Cold – A wet washcloth is the perfect thing to wet and place in the freezer.
Teething Toys – When buying teething toys always check the components list. Recent studies have linked BPA and phthalates with a horrific number of diseases and this period of your baby's neurological and organ development puts him at the highest risk point of his life. According to Silicone Zone USA, Silicone is the safest plastic alternative on the market today with no known side effects.
Soothe Teething Rash – Drool contains stomach acids that can irritate your baby's delicate skin. Be sure to put a protective layer of an all natural skin barrier around his mouth to keep the rash at bay. Petroleum is the main ingredient in many popular baby oils and moisturizers, READ THE LABELS. You can find shea butter and coconut oil online or at health food stores and they both make excellent safe and natural moisturizing barriers for your baby's face (and his body.)
Keep Baby's Clothing Dry – All that constant drooling often means your baby's clothes are wet which can increase irritability. Double up on bibs or switch to large towel bibs and change clothing frequently to keep your baby dry and comfortable.
Teething Amber Necklaces – This is my favorite and I have heard many of my clients rave about it. Amber teething necklace is a traditional baby teething remedy. A natural analgesic, amber used for centuries in Europe. Wearing Baltic amber close to the skin will help calm a baby without resorting to drugs. Natural anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties of Baltic amber are perfect to soothe teething babies.
Many parents are looking for a homeopathic product that provides relief for teething symptoms. Baltic Amber teething necklaces are the ideal solution when you choose to care for your baby in a natural way.
What did you think of this review?
A parenting product by Baby Orajel
A parenting product by Orajel
Teeth Whitening Strips


text:
The Journal of Politics, a leading general interest journal in political science, publishes theoretically innovative and methodologically diverse research in all subfields of the discipline including, but not limited to, American politics, comparative politics, formal theory, international relations, methodology, political theory, public administration and public policy. Our conceptions of theory and method are both broad and encompassing, and we welcome contributions from scholars around the world.
Southern Political Science Association


text:
Gophers Drop to No. 10/11 Penn State in Semifinals of Big Ten Tournament
Nov. 4, 2011
The University of Minnesota closed out its season Friday afternoon in Evanston, Ill. as it fell in the semifinal round of the Big Ten Conference Tournament to the regular-season conference champions No. 10/11 Penn State, 3-1.
More Headlines
5/26/2015Gophers Announce 2015 Schedule
4/2/2015Gophers to Host Free Clinic
2/4/2015Gophers Sign Six for 2015
1/28/2015Golan Names Stoots to Coaching Staff
12/10/201415 Gophers Named Academic All-B1G
11/17/2014M.A.G.I.C. Visits Edgerton Elementary
11/07/2014Gophers Fall in Semifinals
11/06/2014Gophers Upset No. 25 Michigan, 1-0
11/01/2014Gophers Fall in Season Finale
10/26/2014Minnesota Upsets No. 16 Rutgers
10/24/2014Gophers Shutout Terps, 1-0


text:
More advanced architectural concepts are needed to realize the flexible, rapidly configurable information support envisioned with the NCII. Examples of research in this area are noted above in Section 18.104.22.168. The important point is that senior Navy and DOD officials recognize and support the need for such research.
Recommendation: The Department of the Navy, in developing an NCII architecture, should clarify the architectural responsibilities across the various naval offices currently involved in architecture development.
Responsibilities must be clearly delineated. A suggested assignment of responsibilities is given in Section 22.214.171.124.
The National Academies | 500 Fifth St. N.W. | Washington, D.C. 20001
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4 Designing a Common Command and Information Infrastructure ."
Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press,
2000 .
Please select a format:


text:
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"Percussion and Wind" concert shows essence of Chinese music
The Hong Kong Music Lover Chinese Orchestra's "Percussion and Wind" concert next month (January) will demonstrate the essence of Chinese music.
Renowned dab (large tambourine) percussionist and National Class One Performer Ubulikasam, suona virtuoso Liu Ying who is also a professor at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, and local suona player Law Hang-leung will perform at the concert.
Under the baton of conductor Wai Sing-fat, the Hong Kong Music Lover Chinese Orchestra, Spring Melody Chorus and soloists will bring Chinese music to the audience. The programme includes suona solo "Snow Lantern Fair", double suona concerto "The Soul of Tree", Xinjiang dab solo "Under the Kunlun Mountain", ensemble "Water Spraying Festival", and "Ode to the Pioneers".
The Hong Kong Music Lover Chinese Orchestra aims to promote Chinese music and carry on its rich heritage. Its members come from all sectors of the community. It has also brought several overseas Chinese orchestras to Hong Kong, including the Keat Hong Chinese Orchestra from Singapore, the Professional Cultural Centre Orchestra from Malaysia and the Chao Feng Chinese Orchestra from Australia. Apart from giving performances, the orchestra has made many recordings in cassette tapes and CDs. In addition, the orchestra has toured Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, the United States, Australia and a number of cities on the Mainland.
Ubulikasam is an Uyghur performing artist of the dab, or large tambourine, and a National Class One Performer in China. For more than 40 years, Ubulikasam has been presenting his ethnic culture in the form of dab music to other ethnic groups in China. He is recognised for his dab interpretations and outstanding creativity. He was listed in the "who's who" published by the China Federation of Literature and Art Circles. In 2005, he was listed in "A Dictionary of Chinese Musicians".
Liu won an Outstanding Achievement Award at the Second China Arts Festival, and an Outstanding Performance Award at the 14th Shanghai Spring International Music Festival. In 1995, he was elected an "Outstanding Young Teacher of Shanghai Municipality". Liu has given performances and talks in the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
"Percussion and Wind" concert will be staged at 8pm, Sunday, January 20, 2008, at the Auditorium, Sha Tin Town Hall. Tickets priced at $140, $110 and $80 are now available at all URBTIX outlets. Half-price concessions will be granted to senior citizens, people with disabilities, full-time students and Comprehensive Social Security Assistance recipients. (Limited tickets for Comprehensive Social Security Assistance recipients are available on a first-come, first-served basis.)
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Adam, Strange thing. You can call me fat (I am), you can call me ugly (I'm sure not pretty), you can even call me stupid. And you wont get a rise out of me. BUT, If I even *THINK* you *MIGHT* be questioning my choice of a firewall and I get all defensive and go into attack mode! Thank goodness you realized that it wasn't personnel. Bob > -----Original Message----- > From: pctech-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxx > [mailto:pctech-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Adam Lang > Sent: Wednesday, October 29, 2003 9:03 AM > To: PC Technical Discussion for iSeries Users > Subject: Re: [PCTECH] Re: IP-Cop Firerwall > > > I think we both just got caught up in the discussion. :) > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Bob Crothers" <bob2@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > To: "'PC Technical Discussion for iSeries Users'" > <pctech@xxxxxxxxxxxx> > Sent: Wednesday, October 29, 2003 8:25 AM > Subject: RE: [PCTECH] Re: IP-Cop Firerwall > > > > Adam, > > > > I apologize. It seems that I've read things into this discussion > > that aren't there. > > > > Humbly, > > Bob > > _______________________________________________ > This is the PC Technical Discussion for iSeries Users > (PcTech) mailing list > To post a message email: PcTech@xxxxxxxxxxxx > To subscribe, unsubscribe, or change list options, > visit: http://lists.midrange.com/mailman/listinfo/pctech > or email: PcTech-request@xxxxxxxxxxxx > Before posting, please take a moment to review the archives > at http://archive.midrange.com/pctech. >
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text:
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text: Superhuman performance enhancers you can find online Science 20 December 12 by Peter Rubin e-MagineArt.com/Flickr/CC BY 2.0 If you've read Tim Ferriss' books, you know he'll do almost anything to himself in the name of self-improvement. And if you thought he took this too far in The 4-Hour Workweek and The 4-Hour Body, just wait until The 4-Hour Chef, his new guide to the world of rapid learning. Turns out Ferriss has tried nearly every legal (and not) smart drug imaginable, so Wired.com invited him to share what he learned. Just remember: He's not a doctor, we're not doctors, and please don't sue us.The quest: Read like a cheetah, retain like an elephant The drug: Desmopressin, a synthetic version of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin Where to get it: Prescription Benefits: "Doctors prescribe it for bed-wetting," Ferriss says, "but I've experimented with it since 1996 for short-term memory. Before quizzes in college I'd take four vaporised hits, flip through material for 10 minutes, and score 95 to 100 percent." The quest: Tear up the slopes like a Yeti The drug: Phenylpiracetam Where to get it: Order it from Russia as Phenotropil Benefits: "'Racetams' are a class of drugs thought to improve short-term memory primarily by increasing choline uptake. But I know some biathletes who like the super-potent phenylpiracetam for another reason -- it seems to increase cold tolerance."The quest: Get fast -- fast The drug: Galantamine Where to get it: Online (can be found as GalantaMind) Benefits: "This is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate Alzheimer's disease, but because it inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine it may also facilitate greater muscular contraction. It's rumoured to be the secret of certain Jamaican sprinters. I'm even more fascinated by its ability to increase REM sleep, which is great for lucid dreaming." The quest: Be the swingin'-est senior on the block The drug: Selegiline Where to get it: Vets use it to treat senility in dogs, but you can find your own pills online. Benefits: "It's used to address early-stage Parkinson's disease, as it increases dopamine through MAO-B inhibition, but Selegiline has also been shown in animals to slow age-related decline of sex drive. Think Awakenings on steroids."The quest: Remove mental fog for extended focus The drug: Ergoloid Where to get it: Prescription or black market, though plenty of websites sell it. Benefits: "Oh, how I love ergoloid. Developed by Albert Hofmann, the father of LSD, it's been used (as Hydergine) to fight cognitive decline in old age. It's typically well tolerated and may help keep brains younger-looking generally."The quest: Think harder The drugs: Forskolin (from Coleus forskohlii) and artichoke extract Where to get it: Online Benefits: "If you want to go all-natural for enhancing your learning and memory, this duo fits the bill. Bonus: Artichokes contain luteolin, which can inhibit PDE5, which is also how Cialis and other ED drugs work. Who doesn't want to demolish Sudoku while sporting a massive boner?"Source: Wired.com Edited by David Cornish Comments very good info kuet martin Dec 20th 2012 I'm surprised to see the absence of Nuvagil/Provigil on here. Often referred to as the 'businessmans drug', the perscriptions are outrageously expensive, but the effects are worth it. Anywhere from USD $250 - $450/month, I'd equate the effects of this drug with having the ability to be aware of everything , but be distracted by nothing. It's the closest thing I've seen to the drug in the movie Limitless. HireTheStache Dec 20th 2012 This is, quite possibly, the most irresponsible article I've ever read on Wired. I am really losing faith in you guys. bob reed Dec 21st 2012 I use real NZT, it's even custom made for me! Check webnutrients dot com Monique DiCarlo Dec 22nd 2012 Love this article! And I wouldn't call it irresponsible to improve awareness of these drugs. Ignorance is never a responsible position. Mark Dec 28th 2012 This is a really ignorant article to write. "Hey teenage boys who are doing your exams in Summer, order this heart-attack-inducing drug online!"I too am losing my faith in Wired magazine. Fix up Editor. I agree with BOB REED Dec 28th 2012 Yup everyone agrees it's stupid but if there a chance that it's possible to achieve a better a grade someone will take it. I take Modafinil/Provogil on script as I have MS and the drugs I'm on for sleeping really slow my cognitive abilities for some hours after I wake up. As for Superhuman, ask (she's) The Boss, who has confirmed it's positive effects on me and she's an educational assessor! She wouldn't confirm my status as a superhuman, pity! -;) Ben Cowell Dec 29th 2012 No adderall? Anonymous Feb 7th 2013 Reply to a comment Name Email Comment Submit » Latest on wired.co.uk


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Affordable Housing Events at CNU XV!
How essential is social diversity to a neighborhood? How far can New Urbanism – and CNU in particular – go in its quest to promote it? CNU XV in Philadelphia will tackle these questions with a number of opportunities to discuss CNU's specific role in the provision of quality diverse housing, and to establish clear, measurable objectives and ways in which our Affordability Initiative can begin to advance them.
Opening Night Reception and Plenary
Join us as John Norquist introduces Elinor Bacon, urban policy expert and assistant HUD secretary during the Clinton administration, who will share thoughts on the legacy of her father, Edmund Bacon, who served as Executive Director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970. Ms. Bacon has been extremely influential in the original shaping of and the push for reauthorization of HOPE VI legislation, and her father's work continues to define Philadelphia as we know it today.
Concurrent Sessions
On Friday May 18th, check out Emily Talen's session "New Urbanism for All: Meeting the Affordability Challenge" from 9:15 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. Panelists Elinor Bacon, Robert Fishman, and Eugenie Birch will discuss the recurring problem of affordability in planned communities as well as new urbanist innovations to create more socially inclusive neighborhoods.
In the afternoon, head to "Affordable Housing: The Vitality of Design" hosted by Neal Payton at 2:15 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.. Panel members including Michael Pyatok, Lawrence "Murphy" Antoine, and Andres Duany will speak to the challenge of integrating attractive design into an increased demand for affordable housing, and what this means for new urbanists. Join us in learning creative design innovations and financing vehicles to address these challenges, as well as where we can go from here!
Affordability Initiative Meeting and Lunch
Inspired by our other affordability sessions? Want to get involved? Join conveners Talen and Payton and other Initiative members for a luncheon on Saturday May 19 at 12:15 p.m. at which we'll discuss what CNU is doing for housing affordability, and what you can do to help!
Photo Credits: Boris Feldblyum for Lessard Group, Inc.


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Investing In Molybdenum
In addition to news and commentary on the molybdenum market and companies exploring and producing molybdenum, Molybdenum Investing News also provides you with background you need for understanding the molybdenum market so you can make informed investment decisions. Please see the links below for detailed information. Please contact us if you have suggestions for other educational content you would like to see.
Introduction to Molybdenum
Despite falling off the radar for a few years, moly is quickly making a comeback in the industrial metals markets as demand heats up in step with a rebound in traditional use sectors as well as in the development of new greener and cleaner technologies. Read more . .
Molybdenum Price
As is the case for many industrial use commodities, China is in the driver seat when it comes to influencing demand and prices. Read more . . .
World Class Molybdenum Deposits
Molybdenum is obtained from two different types of mines: primary mines and by-product mines. By-product mines are most commonly referred to as Copper-Molybdenum ore bodies, while 'primary' mines focus solely on molybdenum production. Read more . . .
Moly Mining in Canada
Molybdenum exploration in Canada is heating up along with demand for the metal. Miners are looking to take advantage of China's appetite for steel, for which moly is a vital ingredient. This article is a guide to some of the promising molybdenum projects underway in Canada.
Molybdenum Investing Glossary
This glossary covers investing in junior resource companies. For the experienced investor or the newbie, you should find everything you need here. If not, let us know and we'll research and add what you're looking for. Read more . . .


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Office gives you the freedom to get work done virtually anytime, anywhere, and on any device.
1 Current Office application versions for Office 365 are Office 2013 for Windows and Office 2011 for Mac. Customers with an active subscription will be entitled to the newest versions when available.
2 For information about supported devices, visit www.office.com/information
3 OneNote for Mac is available as a separate download from the Mac App Store.
4 You can share your subscription benefits with up to four members of your household. Each person you share your subscription with gets their own additional 1 TB OneDrive storage, plus PC/Mac and mobile installs against available ones.
iPhone and iPad are registered trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.


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Donald Edgar Durdan
Position: HB-DB
Height: 5-9 Weight: 175 lbs.
Born: September 21, 1920 in Arcata, CA
Died: June 28, 1971 in Corvallis, OR
High School: Eureka, Phillips Exteter Academy
College: Oregon St. (school history)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (14747th overall since 1950)
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this page for $5 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.


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The Bantam E-Station BC6 'Dual Power' AC/DC charger looks like a winner for those of you that can afford a POWER SUPPLY and a lipo charger. This combines both in one unit. For $139.00 this is a good buy.
– Dual input power – AC/DC
The BC-6 is AC and DC compatible right out of the box, no external power adapter needed. Charge up to 16 cells of NiCd/NiMH and 6S of Lithium batteries with a maximum charge rate of 5.0A.
– Balances and Charges your lipos
The BC-6 has an individual-cell-voltage balancer built in, so you won't need an external balancer when charging Lithium batteries (Li-Ion/LiPo/LiFe).
Want to charge 2 or 3 batteries at the same time? Click here for a full tutorial! You'll also need one of our Multi-Pack Charging Harnesses. Click here.
Be sure to pick up an adapter board so you can take advantage of this charger's balancing function. Adapter boards are not included with charger. Choose from the list below –
Single Battery Adapters –
Bantam E-Station balancing adapter board – PolyQuest-style
Bantam E-Station balancing adapter board – CSRC/Align/E-Flite-style
Bantam E-Station balancing adapter board – Kokam/Graupner-style
Bantam E-Station balancing adapter board – Thunder Power-style
Multiple Battery Adapters –
Bantam E-Station multi-pack balancing board – PolyQuest-style
Bantam E-Station multi-pack balancing board – CSRC/Align/E-Flite-style
Bantam E-Station multi-pack balancing board – Kokam/Graupner-style
Bantam E-Station multi-pack balancing board – Thunder Power-style
– Balances individual cells during discharge
The BC-6 also can monitor and balance individual cells during the discharge process. If the voltage of any one cell varies abnormally, the process will stop an error message will appear.
– Charges several types of lithium batteries
The BC-6 charges three types of Lithium batteries – LiIo, LiPo and LiFe. Safely charges any of these battery chemistries.
– Lithium battery 'Fast' and 'Storage' modes
'Fast' charge reduces the charging time of Lithium batteries and 'Storage' mode controls the final voltage of the battery for long-term storage.
– Data store/load
The BC6 stores information about up to 5 batteries in its internal memory. Each battery's info can be recalled at any time, saving you time in reprogramming.
– Cyclic charging/discharging
Perform 1 to 5 cycles of charge and discharge to keep your batteries refreshed and balanced.
– PC based analysis through USB port
For advanced users, the BC-6 offers an optional PC-based program that can analyze your battery via a USB connection. It shows a graph of voltage, current, capacity and temperature curves. It also shows the individual voltage of each cell in your pack.
– Tough aluminum outer case
High-quality aluminum case is durable and helps the charger cool efficiently.
Click here to see the user's manual.
Check out this review of the BC6 from Red Scholefield of RCBatteryClinic.com
Click here to see the list of Bantam adapter boards by battery brand.
Source: Common Sense RC


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Mississippi State's leading scorer Ravern Johnson has been suspended for tonight's Southeastern Conference game at LSU for what university officials are calling violation of team policy.
Johnson did not travel to Baton Rouge with the team for the Bulldogs' showdown against the Tigers (3 p.m., SEC Network) and the discipline stems from inappropriate Tweets following the 75-61 loss at Alabama on Wednesday.
Johnson sent out tweet early Thursday morning via his account, @RayJohn2, stating his dissatisfaction with the Bulldogs coaching staff.
"Starting to see why people Transfer you can play the minutes but not getting your talents shown because u watching someone else wit the ball the whole game shooters need to move not watch why other coaches get that do not make sense to me," Johnson tweeted.
The Mississippi State men's basketball program banned the use of Twitter for its student-athletes for the rest of the 2010-11 season Thursday afternoon as a result of Johnson's actions.
Mississippi State athletic director Scott Stricklin said he's had a discussion with head men's basketball coach Rick Stansbury about the player's tweets.
"We talked about it and I'll say that he was upset and I was upset about the situation," Mississippi State athletic director Scott Stricklin said. "What disappointed both us was the players not using that form of communication responsibly. We both agreed that if they weren't going to be responsible with it, we needed to take it away from them."
Stansbury made the announcement Friday after meeting with his senior wing player earlier that morning. Johnson is second on the team in scoring at a 17.7 points clip but more importantly averages the most minutes per contest at small forward by playing 36.5 minutes per game. Johnson currently leads the SEC in minutes per game during league play this season.
Johnson has been suspended previously twice in his college career.
He was suspended this past December for what university officials called a violation of school's class attendance policy and then were forced to play without him last season against Kentucky in the Humphrey Coliseum for what State officials are calling a violation of conduct detrimental to the team.
Redshirt freshman Shaun Smith, a Noxubee County native, who is averaging just 6 minutes per game but hasn't played more than 10, started and played 25 minutes on Dec. 14 after Johnson was held out against Alabama State due to what MSU officials called a violation of school's class attendance policy.


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LIPA to open new primary school on Upper Duke StreetBy Sophie Brown
At Liverpool Institute for performing Arts (LIPA) a new primary school is due to open in september 2014, with an original intake of 52 pupils.
The announcement means that LIPA Primary Head Teacher Greg Parker is now able to make formal offers to parents and officially appoint staff.
The free school is being opened by LIPA in partnership with Edge Hill University, and is already oversubscribed for its first year and has already received more than 50 expressions of interest for 2015 entry.
The school will welcome two reception classes in September 2014 and will continue to take two new classes each year, resulting in a projected 364 pupils by September 2020.
It will create ten new jobs, with more each year as the school roll grows, building work on the school premises, the Dean Walters building on Upper Duke Street, is set to begin on June 16.
The facilities will include 14 classrooms, creative and performing arts spaces, outdoor space and additional teaching areas.
The idea of a LIPA Primary School came into focus in October 2012, prospective parents were invited to open days in November and January last year and the proposals went to public consultation in February this year, where it was received positively by the local community.
Head Teacher Greg Parker said: "We have recruited excellent teachers with significant and varied experience and they can't wait to get going.
"This announcement means that we can start working in detail on realising our creative approach to education.
"We aim to become a beacon for others in how to use the creative and performing arts to underpin and inform a broad and balanced curriculum."
The launching of the school – one of over 100 given the green light by the Department of Education in May last year – is the latest chapter in the history of LIPA, which was co-founded by Mark Featherstone-Witty and Sir Paul McCartney in 1995 to provide the best teaching and learning for people who want to pursue a lasting career in the arts and entertainment industry.
LIPA's founding principal/CEO, Mark Featherstone-Witty said: "Our focus is learning - at any age, I'll be fascinated to see if our use of project based learning benefits our primary children, as it so clearly does our undergraduates."
New Chair of Governors Flo Clucas added: "LIPA Primary School is an amazing idea! In the city that was European Capital of Culture, we will have a school that will give children their education in a different way, while ensuring that all of the skills that they need are taught to a high standard.
"Teaching through the creative and performing arts will give children the confidence they need, expand their learning experience and allow them to make decisions about their learning.
"With parents and carers an essential part of the team, Edge Hill University and arts organisations actively involved, we see an exciting future ahead."


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Responding to Thomas Love Peacock's partly satirical essay, Four Ages of Poetry, published in Charles Ollier's Literary Miscellany (1820), Shelley's A Defence of Poetry argues for poetry's utilitarian function. Shelley composed his rebuttal of Peacock's arguments about the redundancy of poetry, in February and March 1821, intending A Defence of Poetry to appear in another volume of Ollier's Literary Miscellany. When Shelley learned that there would no further issues of Ollier's periodical, he started on plans, which remained incomplete at the time of his death, to publish A Defence of Poetry as a pamphlet in its own right. In 1822, Mary Shelley endeavoured to …
Please log in to consult the article in its entirety. If you are not a subscriber, please click here to read about membership. All our articles have been written recently by experts in their field, more than 95% of them university professors.
Sandy, Mark. "Defence of Poetry". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 25 August 2004
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5662, accessed 05 July 2015.]


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Reading are still looking for their first shut-out of the season after conceding in all nine of their top-flight games so far.
To add to their frustrations, they were ruthlessly exposed by Arsenal in last week's extraordinary Capital One Cup defeat which the Gunners somehow won 7-5 having been 4-0 down.
Morrison played in the rollercoaster tie and, despite Royals shipping seven, he kept his place at QPR last Sunday along with the majority of his shellshocked team-mates.
The response was evident as Brian McDermott's men gained a creditable 1-1 draw at Loftus Road.
Now the 21-year-old defender is poised to make his second top-flight start tomorrow when Reading host Norwich City at Madejski Stadium in another critical fixture (3pm ko).
The giant 6ft 4ins centre-back said: "The aim for the back four and goalkeeper is to keep a clean sheet. We haven't managed to do it yet but that's what we are working towards.
"Every game is winnable if you are at your best and the opposition isn't. Even Manchester United go to places and lose and we will go into the Norwich game with confidence and try to get three points.
"You have to win games against the teams around you. When you go to Man United and Liverpool you aren't expected to win and if you come away with something it's a bonus. But games like Norwich are different."
Reading fans need no reminding that McDermott's men - along with QPR - are the only side yet to win a Premier League game this season, with pressure mounting with every fixture.
But Morrison insists the squad isn't feeling the pressure: "I don't think it is a weight on our shoulders," he argued. "Every game is different, you prepare the same and you do your best to win it.
"There are a lot of games to go and I am sure we will pick up a win soon. We're not worried, you look at every game as it comes, you don't look too far ahead. You gradually take steps each game and if you can pick up three points then you can move on to the next and try and pick up three points again. It's a long season, anything can happen."
Morrison's rapid rise into the first team has surprised some fans, but his performance at Loftus Road last weekend won praise from many critics.
However, with last season's Player of the Year Alex Pearce and £2.5 million summer signing Adrian Mariappa waiting in the wings, the ex-Swindon Town star knows he cannot rest on his laurels.
Morrison, who won promotion to the Championship on loan at Huddersfield last season, vowed: "The gaffer gave me the shirt and it's up to me to keep it.
"When you are growing up and come through an apprenticeship you aim for the highest level.
"I was signed from Swindon to develop. I would do my bit and try and mould myself into a player the club would be happy with.
"The following season Kaspars Gorkss and Alex Pearce were two of the best centre-halves in the Championship. It was impossible to break into the team so I did my stuff with Huddersfield and hopefully this is my chance to establish myself as a Reading player.
"It was nice to get my first Premier League start, I'm really proud and hopefully it's the first of many."
Confident talk from a young player who barely a week ago was part of a defence that conceded seven against a weakened Arsenal side.
But Morrison stressed: "There were no scars from the Arsenal game. As soon as the final whistle went everything was forgotten, you can't dwell on it.
"We were 4-0 up and lost in extra time and the gaffer told us not to think about how it went wrong.
"Arsenal never opened us up, we were never vulnerable unless it was from a mistake or something. The back four did fairly well it was just mistakes."
Adam Federici is poised to replace injured keeper Alex McCarthy in goal against the Canaries.


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