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Knuckles the Echidna is a 32-issue series of American comic books published by Archie Comics that ran from 1997 to 1999, featuring Knuckles the Echidna, one of Sega's mascot video game characters from the Sonic the Hedgehog series. The series was a spin-off of Sonic the Hedgehog and shared continuity with that title. The series continued the ongoing story of Knuckles's search for answers about his heritage and true nature, which had previously been featured in the Sonic the Hedgehog series as well as several specials and miniseries. After the series' cancellation in 2000, Knuckles's stories were continued as a regular feature in issues of Sonic the Hegehog until 2003. After this, Knuckles and several of his supporting cast members became a semi-regular feature of Sonic's stories, effectively merging the two storylines into one.
There is in fact no Knuckles the Echidna issues numbered 1, 2 or 3, the first three issues of the series were titled Knuckles: The Dark Legion and was a 3-issue mini-series, when the ongoing Knuckles the Echidna series began it started its numbering from issue 4. Archie have essentially 'retconned' the mini-series as being Knuckles the Echidna 1 through 3, something they have also did with the Sonic Vs Knuckles: Battle Royal 1-shot which they 'retconned' into being Sonic Super Special #1. Knuckles The Echidna: The Dark Legion (Knuckles the Echidna 1-3) is preceded by another Knuckles mini-series Sonic's Friendly Nemesis Knuckles and the Knuckles Chaotix 1-shot both of which tie directly into the ongoing series.
It is possible to view the series as Ken Penders' 'pet project'. Penders wrote every issue and even penciled some of the later stories as well as created all of the original characters that debuted in the series. It is one of the most mature titles put out by Archie Comics to date, having a lot more in common in terms of format and content with comic book companies who aim their books at teenagers and adults (Marvel Comics, DC Comics etc.) than the more child-friendly titles the company usually produce. The series was broken down into three-issue story arcs and kept a strong continuity from one story to another -- a contrast to the main Sonic the Hedgehog series which contained mostly unrelated self-contained stories and the continuity-less Archie's Gang titles. The stories dealt with a variety of religion, bigotry, politics, destiny, duty, relationships, family and love in a very mature way, again in particular contrast to the naive Archie's Gang series. Knuckles the Echidna also used a cover gimmick where the three issues that made up one story had covers that when joined together made one big image three covers wide. These covers were drawn by Patrick Spaziante until issue 25 when Manny Galan took over for the final issues, Gallan was the series' interior artist until issue 25 when the series changed format with issue 26 into a main story and a back-up story, Galan became the artist for the back-up stories (Featuring Mighty the Armadillo and Espio the Chameleon) and the main story was drawn by different artists, first Chris Allan (#26-28) then Sonic the Hedgehog regular Art Hawhinney (#29) then finally the writer Ken Penders for the rest of the series' duration.
With the exception of Knuckles and the Chaotix, and later Ray the Flying Squirrel, Knuckles the Echinda featured a totally original cast of characters created specifically for the book, some of whom have gone onto continue to play a large part in the regular Sonic the Hedgehog series and universe.
Of particular note when it comes to the series' original characters is its introduction of a vast amount of living Echidnas, a fact that makes the 'Archie Universe' unique among Sonic incarnations in that it so blatantly changes Knuckles' Sega established status as the last of his kind, something that is still a point of contention among Sonic fandom. Though both Sonic the Comic and Sonic Underground both introduced other living Echidnas (Dr. Zachary and Athair), neither series went so far as to introduce Knuckles' people into a present day timeline.
With the exception of issues 25 and 29 the series was broken down into three part story-arcs:
The Dark Legion Lead by Kragok, The Dark Legion, a cult of technology-worshiping echidnas formed by the disgruntled son of Enerjak, return from the twilight Zone that Steppenwolf, the second Guardian, sent them too so as to reclaim the Floating Island. Knuckles and the Chaotix defeat them as their plan is about to succeed destroying their base. From this story to present the Dark Legion have been hiding/living on the Floating Island. The story also re-accounted the history of the Dark Legion and the history of Steppenwolf, the first fully trained Guardian.
Lost Paradise (Issues 4-6) The damage caused to the Zones (alternate realities) in the Endgame story-arc in the regular Sonic the Hedgehog series causes Echinopolis (the capital of the Floating Island) and Echidna's ancient enemies the Dingos to both return to the Floating Island after they were evacuated to The Hyper Zone by Guardian Hawking some 200 years earlier to escape the radioactive fallout of a Dingo missile strike. But both cities are attempting to return to the same location which could cause them both to be destroyed. Knuckles meets his mother and Julie-Su, and deals with the warring General Stryker. Echidnapolis is the city that survives, leaving the Dingos stranded there and causing a housing problem. The story also told the history of the disappearance of the Echidnas and introduced Constable Remmington and Grandfather Hawking.
Dark Vengeance (Issues 7-9) Mammoth Mogul revives Enerjak from his space prison and returns him to The Dark Legion (after quickly defeating the fire ants), and the Chaotix Enerjak tortures Knuckles for an entire issue before splitting him up into individual molecules and leading his Dark Legion to Echinopolis where he clashes with the Dingo and Echidna armed forces, a fight which lasts until Mammoth Mogul appears and drains Enerjak of the energies he absorbed from the Chaos Emeralds, leaving him an old man. The story continued onto Sonic the Hedgehog issue 56 where Super Sonic, Hyper Knuckles and Turbo Tails fought Mammoth Mogul. Julie-Su also went undercover into the Dark Legion in this story causing readers and characters to question where her loyalties lie (either her old cult or Knuckles and the Chaotix).
The Lost Tribe (Issues 10-12) Introducing yet more Echidnas, The Lost Tribe are the descendants of the Echidnas who chose to stay on Mobius when the Floating Island was raised they are currently under the leadership of Athair, Knuckles' ancestor who abandoned his role as Guardian to lead them. Knuckles is left in charge of the band after Athair vanishes and safely takes them to Albion via Mercia which is under the rule of Antoine D'Coolette's robotisized father. The story ties into Sonic the Hedgehog #59 and introduces Rob O' The Hedge and also tells the origin of Athair.
The Chaotix Caper (Issues 13-15) A story focusing on The Chaotix, which now include Julie-Su. The team are caught up between two warring gangsters -- Renfield The Rat and Downtown Ebony Hare. Hare was worried about Renfield's new Happyland amusement park because of its 'Special Sauce' -- an addictive drug the rat put in the food. The 'Special Sauce' seems to be especially poisonous to bees and kills Charmy's childhood friend Mello and nearly kills Charmy, who has to be operated on. Julie Su also nearly perishes when she discovers what is going on and is thrown from a roof by Hare while the Chaotix are recovering in hospital from the Special Sauce. After recovering and stopping Hare the Chaotix bury Mello and Charmy reclaims his birthright as prince of the Bees. The story tells Charmy's origin and also reveals that he can grow to 'normal size' as well as the small size he was shown as being previously. It also introduced Harry the Cabbie.
Reunion/Deep Cover (Issues 16-18) Fully introducing and focusing on the Brotherhood of Guardians. One of their number Tobor was replaced by Moritori Rex the father of current Dark Legion leader Krygok after a battle between them left them both blind and buried in rubble. The real Tobor returned to the Floating Island and his revelations lead to a battle between Knuckles and Krygok, and then Tobor and Krygok leading to the latter two being trapped in the Zone. Their fates have never been addressed. The story introduced a strange reaction caused by the meetings of the Descendants of Dimitri (The Legion leaders) and the Descendants of Edmund (The Guardians) that opens portals to other Zones.
The Forbidden Zone (Issues 19-21) Tying directly into the Sonic the Hedgehog series, the story follows Knuckles and Geoffrey St. John's Secret Service as they journey into the Forbidden Zone (the location of Haven, the base of operations for the Brotherhood of Guardians). The Secret Service are looking for Queen Alicia and Knuckles is searching for answers about his past, and they are both shocked to find Prince Elias, an heir to the Acorn throne nobody had previously known about. This story, though lacking much in the way of action or adventure would have huge ramifications in the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
Dark Alliance (Issues 22-24) The Dark Legion tries to gain control of the Floating Island via an upcoming election in Echidnopolois, taking control of a prominent senator to support their Hitler-like candidate Benedict who soon gains the public's favor. Enerjak, now powerless and a cyborg, takes control of Haven and kidnaps Knuckles, Julie-Su, General Stryker, and the Brotherhood of Guardians. They are freed by Locke and Spectre, Benedict is revealed as a robot and the Legion escapes once more. This story also introduced Lien-Da, who has gone on to become a major antagonist in Sonic the Hedgehog. Also notable in this story was Benedict's mention of a secret held by Constable Remington, an issue not seemingly resolved until much later in the main Sonic the Hedgehog title.
Issue 25 detailed Knuckles' origin and his meeting with his father for the first time since he abandoned him as a child.
The First Date (Issues 26-28) A story focusing on Knuckles and Julie-Su's relationship. When Julie-Su goes out on a date with another Echidna, Knuckles finally admits his love for her (to The Chaotix) and asks her out himself, only for their first date to clash with a surprise party for Knuckles' birthday, the two share their first kiss anyway.
A Friend in Need (Issues 26-28) A back-up story featuring Mighty the Armadillo, adapting the arcade game SegaSonic the Hedgehog. Mighty and Nic the Weasel rescue Ray the Flying Squirrel who has been trapped holding onto a gem since Sonic and Mighty escaped from a prison camp years earlier.
Issue 29 tells a story of when Princess Sally Acorn used to vacation on the Floating Island and play with Knuckles.
King of the Hill (Issues 30-32) Monk, a purple ape who bullied Knuckles as a child, returns to the Floating Island after being literally thrown off the Island by The Brotherhood of Guardians. Their fight is interrupted by the Overlander Hunter, who hunts Mobians for sport. Fitted with restraining collars the two are forced to work together to evade Hunter using Knuckles' knowledge of the Island and Monk's brute strength. Knuckles releases the full force of his Chaos Emerald-born powers to stop Hunter, who is, as a result, imprisoned by The Brotherhood.
Though the series was canceled with issue 32, Penders resolved many dangling plot threads in Sonic Super Special #14. He also continued to write back-up stories in the regular Sonic the Hedgehog series that followed the ongoing series in which Knuckles developed fully the Chaos Emerald based powers he first displayed in the King of the Hill story-line. Knuckles eventually died to save Enerjak's life. The Afterlife story that followed was part of the lead up to Sonic the Hedgehog #125 and following the 1-year jump in issue 130, Knuckles and The Chaotix were living in Knothole City working as Freedom Fighters.
Most of the characters from the ongoing series were dealt with in the Return to Angel Island story-line (issues 138-141) where the Dingos had taken over the Island, the Dark Legion were acting as a resistance group, and the Brotherhood of Guardians were missing. Hunter, Constable Remington and the Fire Ants were among the casualties of the story-line, though the story also raised some questions as to the whereabouts of some of the Knuckles the Echidna characters, most notably General Stryker.
In a self-published article, Mr. Penders mentioned that the film proposed would have been an animated feature, though whether the animation would have been traditional or computer-generated is unknown.


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subset: commoncrawl


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About WILPF Donate Issue Committees International WILPF Get Involved Publications and eNews Branch Directory
Join WILPF to Demand Congo Action Now!
Become allies in the growing international movement for peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo! Support our Congolese sisters and brothers in bringing an end to this devastating war that is being fought on the bodies of women and children.
After fifteen years of conflict, the UN has called Congo "the rape capital of the world." Watch Eve Ensler's impassioned plea for the women of Congo.
This conflict is international and complex. All warring groups are fighting over the area's vast mineral wealth—especially the minerals that we use every day in our laptop computers and cell phones. WILPF Boston Branch has been working tirelessly to enact legislation to make Massachusetts the second state after California to enact Congo Conflict Minerals legislation!
Take action now:
- Contact the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and urge it to immediately issue forceful federal Congo Conflict Minerals regulations.
Here are action items if you live in Massachusetts (or can mobilize your MA friends):
- Contact your state senator and representative and ask them to support the MA Congo Conflict Minerals bill (HD 04065 An Act Relative to Congo Conflict Minerals). Go to www.congoactionnow.weebly.com ("Take Action") for a sample letter or email. To locate your state legislators go to www.malegislature.gov.
- Add your name to THIS FORM to help us build a database of constituents who can contact specific legislators.
- Contact Senator Scott Brown at www.scottbrown.senate.gov and express your concern that he has called for a delay in federal regulations. Urge him to call on the Securities and Exchange Commission to immediately issue these regulations. Go to www.congoactionnow.weebly.com ("Take Action") for a sample letter or email. Follow up with a call to Sen. Brown's Boston office at 617-565-3170.
- Sign Congo Action Now's petition to the Massachusetts legislature.
The very first international human rights movement emerged to bring justice to Congo.
For more information about the Democratic Republic of Congo and actions you can take, go to the Congo Action Now website at www.congoactionnow.weebly.com or email Pat Aron at email@example.com. Congo Action Now is a project of Boston WILPF.


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What comes to your mind when you hear the word? You know what word I am talking about. It's the most frequently used illegal drug in the world. In the United States, it's illegal to possess, use, buy, sell, or cultivate the drug. The most common way to consume the drug is to smoke it. The drug I am talking about is marijuana. And while some of the first words that come to your mind might be harmful, idiotic, and even death, it's really more in depth than that. While marijuana use is obviously not the healthiest thing in the world to do, it's not much different than alcohol and tobacco use. Over 83 million Americans over the age of 12 have tried marijuana at least once in their life.
I am not writing this essay to tell people how marijuana is safe, because I know it's not. I am writing it to tell people that it should be legal, just like alcohol and cigarettes. Do you know how many Americans die every year because of the direct result of alcohol consumption? Well, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 20,000 Americans die every year as the result of alcohol consumption. On the other hand, studies have shown that the number of Americans who have died from marijuana overdose is zero. I think that alcohol abuse is a much bigger problem in America than marijuana abuse. Most people, when they consume alcohol in excessive quantities, they become mean and overbearing and are far more prone to commit domestic violence or sexual assault. The odds of any male-to-female physical aggression were more than 8 times (11 times) higher on days when men drank than on days of no alcohol consumption. On the other hand, studies show marijuana use is not significantly associated with an increased likelihood of male partner violence. Angry is actually the opposite you become after you smoke marijuana. Most people feel very calm and relaxed after smoking and just want to find something to eat. Drinking and driving is another factor that makes marijuana safer. According to the The National Center for Victims of Crime, one person is killed in an alcohol-related crash every twenty-nine minutes. Statistics show that the risks for accidental injury and auto accidents are less serious for marijuana than alcohol. In 2007, an estimated 12,298 people died in alcohol-impaired traffic crashes. Finally, far too often do you see high school and college parties being busted for alcohol and not marijuana. People get way too out of hand sometimes at parties and get to be way too loud and that is usually what gets them busted. And like I said, most people are tranquil and relax after smoking weed.
You may think that comparing marijuana and cigarettes would be difficult because you smoke each, but in reality, it's really not. Research has shown that marijuana smokers show less evidence of lung injury as compared to people who smoke tobacco, because smoking cannabis protects them from developing a situation like emphysema. Another reason marijuana use is safer is because people tend to smoke less marijuana than tobacco. The typical cigarette smoker smokes a half a pack or sometimes even a pack a day. That is a lot of smoke going into your lungs. And while I know it's not any healthier, it only takes a couple of hits of marijuana to become high or get a buzz. All smoke is unhealthy, but that risk can be eliminated by eating the plant instead of smoking it, or it can be reduced by using water pipes to smoke smaller amounts of more potent marijuana. Other studies show that most people who try cannabis quit relatively early in their lives. Smoked tobacco, with a 90% addiction rate, is the most addictive of all drugs while marijuana is less addictive than caffeine. All cigarettes have nicotine, which is extremely addictive. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves. Whether someone smokes, chews, or sniffs tobacco, he or she is delivering nicotine to the brain. Each cigarette contains about 10 milligrams of nicotine. Nicotine is what keeps people smoking despite the harmful effects. According to the American Heart Association, "Nicotine addiction has historically been one of the hardest addictions to break." The pharmacological and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine. Cigarettes kill more than 450,000 people a year, and like I have said there has never been a reported death of smoking marijuana.
1 out of 100 American adults are in jail. When you read this statistic, you may be wondering, "Why are so many of our American citizens behind bars?" Well, the answer is marijuana. In the year 2006, 43.9 percent of the 1,889,810 total arrests for drug violations were for marijuana – a total of 829,627. Out of the 829,627, 738,916 were arrested for marijuana possession alone. The United States would make billions if marijuana was legalized and also the crime rate would have a major drop. For example, in the Netherlands, where marijuana is legal, they have seen the crime rate drop significantly. The crime rate would drop extremely because people wouldn't have to deal the drugs illegally, they could just walk into gas stations and mini marts and purchase the marijuana. On occasion during a drug deal that has money involved, a disagreement occurs, and violence typically follows the disagreement. And to no one's surprise, the violence almost always leads to someone dying or being seriously injured. What else could marijuana do for the economy? Well, many Americans would retain or receive the job that they had or were applying for. I see people getting fired or losing their job way too often these days just because they failed a drug test and the drug they were using was marijuana. Welfare is a big and major problem in the United States and legalizing marijuana would be the perfect first step to solve the problem. Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments. If marijuana was legalized a tax could be imposed that could boost the economy, provide for welfare, and start paying off the enormous amount of debt accumulated. Roughly 12 to 16 percent of people in the United States live below the federal poverty line at any given point of time. Most Americans (58.5%) will spend at least one year below the poverty line at some point between ages 25 and 75. That is how large of a problem poverty is in the United States of America.
The legalization of marijuana is one of the most complex subjects that the American government is dealing with right now. It doesn't matter if you're pro-marijuana or anti-marijuana; any person can come up with a good argument on to why it should or should not be legalized in America. You have read all of my reasons as to why I think marijuana should be legalized. What are some of the reasons of those that do not believe in marijuana being legalized? The number one factor is it's not healthy for you. Yes, it's healthier than cigarettes but that doesn't mean it's healthy. Another factor is that marijuana hinders your short-term memory and you might have trouble handling complex tasks. Are these reasons serious? Of course they are. Are they more serious than alcohol and cigarette use? That is the thing I don't understand. They aren't more serious. If anything, binge drinking is what should be made illegal. Binge drinking is often defined nowadays as drinking alcoholic beverages with the primary intention of being intoxicated. There is currently no international consensus on how many drinks constitute a "binge," but the term is often taken to mean consuming 5 or more standard American drinks (male), or 4 or more drinks (female), in about for a typical adult. They vary though on weight and numerous other variables. Binge drinking is very dangerous. Drinking too fast can stop your heart and overdosing on alcohol can cause cardiac arrest and alcohol poisoning. I don't understand how that is any safer than marijuana. There is no doubt in my mind that binge drinking should be made illegal. If I was the United States government, I would make alcohol only available in bars because the bartenders stop serving the customers when they notice they are becoming too intoxicated that they can't even function properly. Cigarettes should still be legal too because the side-effects of smoking cigarettes aren't that serious. The government also makes quite a bit of money from cigarette taxes. And last, but certainly not least, marijuana should be made legal. Marijuana is the only drug that should be legal though because I believe all the other illegal drugs out there are horrible for you and wouldn't benefit anyone or anything. It never hurts to try anything new and I feel the legalization of marijuana wouldn't do anything to hurt anyone or anything.
Afe, Kevin. "Marijuana." Photo. 2000
Henningfield, Jack. New York Times. 2 Aug 1994. "Is Nicotine Addictive?
Wehtje, Jim. "X-Ray image of scales weighing wine bottle and marijuana leaf, white background.' Photo. Gettyimages.com
Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. "Marijuana." [Online]
"Drug use among teens eases." Nutrition Today 34.2 (Mar. 1999): 62. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 12 Dec. 2008 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=1991733&site=ehost-live
Wikipedia. "Cannabis (drug)." [Online]


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Number: 0559Policy
Aetna considers pulsed dye laser treatment medically necessary for any of the following conditions:
Results in significant functional impairment; or
Aetna considers the use of the pulsed dye laser cosmetic for any of the following conditions (see CPB 0031 - Cosmetic Surgery):
Rosacea (see CPB 0547 - Rosacea).
Aetna considers the use of the pulsed dye laser experimental and investigational for all other indications because of insufficient evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, including any of the following conditions:
The pulsed dye laser (PDL) delivers energy at a wavelength and duration that has been optimized for the selective treatment of vascular lesions. It has been used in the treatment of warts, port wine stains, hemangiomas, hypertrophic scars, and telangiectasias. Pulsed dye lasers have been used as an alternative to surgical excision or carbon dioxide lasers.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared the PDL for use in treatment of warts, port-wine stains, hemangiomas, hypertrophic scars, and telangiectasias. The PDL has been shown to be effective in treating glomangiomas in the face and neck, as surgical excision may not be practical in these cosmetically sensitive areas. It has also shown to be effective in removing pyogenic granulomas in cosmetically sensitive areas of the face and neck.
Charakida and colleagues (2004) reported that low-energy PDL therapy has been used, and seems to be a promising alternative that would allow the simultaneous treatment of active acne and acne scarring. However, the authors concluded that further studies are needed to clarify the role of phototherapy as a monotherapy or an adjuvant treatment in the current management of acne vulgaris.
In a randomized, controlled, clinical trial, Orringer and co-workers (2010) examined the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and PDL therapy in the treatment of facial acne (n = 44). Patients were randomized to receive 3 PDL treatments to one side of the face after a 60 to 90-min ALA application time, while the contralateral side remained untreated and served as a control. Serial blinded lesion counts and global acne severity ratings were performed. Global acne severity ratings improved bilaterally with the improvement noted to be statistically significantly greater in treated skin than in untreated skin. Erythematous macules (remnants of previously active inflammatory lesions) decreased in number in treated skin when compared with control skin and there was a transient but significant decrease in inflammatory papules in treated skin when compared with untreated skin. There were no other statistically significant differences between treated and untreated sides of the face in terms of counts of any subtype of acne lesion. Thirty percent of patients were deemed responders to this treatment with respect to improvement in their inflammatory lesion counts, while only 7 % of patients responded in terms of non-inflammatory lesion counts. The authors concluded that PDT with the treatment regimen employed here may be beneficial for a subgroup of patients with inflammatory acne.
In a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial, Karsai and associates (2010) evaluated the effectiveness of an adjuvant PDL treatment when combined with a proven topical treatment [fixed-combination clindamycin 1 %-benzoyl peroxide 5 % hydrating gel (C/BPO)] for acne vulgaris. A total of 80 patients (38 males and 42 females, mean +/- SD age of 19.7 +/- 5.9 years) were randomized in a 1 : 2 ratio to receive C/BPO alone or in combination with PDL treatment (wavelength 585 nm, energy fluence 3 J cm(-2), pulse duration 0.35 ms, spot size 7 mm). Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks after initial treatment. The primary end points were the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score and lesion count; the secondary end point was the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Both groups showed a significant improvement during observation [ISGA 27.1 % (C/BPO) and 24.6 % (C/BPO + laser), total lesion count 9.2 % and 9.0 %, inflammatory lesion count 36.3 % and 36.9 %, DLQI 54.5 % and 42.5 %], but there was no significant or otherwise appreciable difference between treatment modalities as far as the extent of improvement was concerned. Patients with more severe findings at baseline had a greater benefit from either therapy regimen. The authors concluded that these findings do not support the concept of a substantial benefit of PDL treatment in acne vulgaris.
Goldberg (2005) stated that pharmacological agents remain the mainstay for initial and maintenance treatment of rosacea. However, monochromatic (i.e., laser) and polychromatic light-based therapies are increasingly being used for the treatment of certain signs of rosacea. The author noted that despite the increased use of lasers and other light-based therapies, few well-controlled studies have been conducted on their use for the treatment of rosacea. Furthermore, a Cochrane review on interventions for rosacea (van Zuuren et al, 2005) concluded that the quality of studies evaluating rosacea treatments was generally poor. The assessment found that there is evidence that topical metronidazole and azelaic acid are effective (van Zuuren et al, 2005). The assessment found some evidence that oral metronidazole and tetracycline are effective. The assessment stated that there is insufficient evidence concerning the effectiveness of other treatments. The assessment concluded that good randomized controlled trials looking at these treatments are urgently needed.
Maw (2004) stated that a variety of treatment options are available for the treatment of genital warts; but few have been assessed in large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Provider-applied surgical and non-surgical treatments have traditionally been the therapies of choice. Surgical therapies, including cryotherapy, electrotherapy, laser surgery and surgical excision, are generally equivalent in terms of wart clearance rates, but are associated with high rates of wart recurrence. Trichloroacetic acid is a widely used non-surgical therapy, but little is known about its efficacy, and it is associated with unpleasant side-effects. The patient-applied treatments imiquimod and podophyllotoxin are newer therapy choices which are more acceptable to both patients and practitioners. The wart clearance rates for these 2 treatments are similar, although imiquimod is associated with lower recurrence rates. In the face of increasing pressures on genitourinary clinic services, patient-applied home therapy represents an attractive option for the treatment of genital warts.
O'Mahony (2005) noted that commonly used physical treatment methods for genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloroacetic acid, laser, and electrocautery. However, many patients respond extremely well to home therapies with either podophyllotoxin or imiquimod. Patients prefer the comfort and dignity of home treatment, and this should be the first-line of treatment for the majority of patients. A routine screen for sexually transmitted infections is appropriate in most cases. Detailed explanation and reassurance are of paramount importance in reducing the psychological distress associated with this unpleasant genital condition.
Komericki et al (2006) stated that flashlamp-pumped PDL (FPDL) represents one of many treatment options for the management of viral warts (verrucae vulgaris), its effectiveness being comparable with that of conventional therapies. These researchers evaluated the effectiveness of FPDL light for the treatment of genital warts (n = 22). All patients showed complete remission after 1.59 (1 to 5) laser sessions and no scarring was observed. The authors concluded that the findings of this study demonstrate that FPDL is a simple and safe, cost- and time-saving alternative treatment option for genital warts and should be listed in genital warts treatment guidelines. Ockenfels and Hammes (2008) explained that FPDL had advantages over carbon dioxide laser in that the former is a nonablative approach to treatment of genital warts that appears to be associated with fewer side effects than the latter.
Scheinfeld and Lehman (2006) stated that genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Each year 1 million new cases of genital warts are diagnosed, 2/3 of which are in women. The estimated prevalence rate in the U.S. population is 15 %. Human papillomavirus infects keratinocytes. Such infection can manifest clinically as warts. Treatment options for genital warts are numerous, well-established, and effective. Topical treatments include podophyllin resin, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid, and podophyllotoxin. Surgical or destructive therapies include carbon dioxide laser, surgical excision, loop excision, cryotherapy, and electrodessication. Interferon can be injected locally or administered systemically to treat genital warts. Evidence of efficacy in the treatment of genital warts is drawn from randomized blind-controlled trials, prospective studies, and retrospective cohort studies. Evidence of efficacy appears to be good, but more head-to-head studies and comparisons of combination therapies versus monotherapy need to be done. Treatment of choice depends on the number, size, and location of lesions. There is little certainty that any approach is more effective than another, however costs differ. It would seem that the first line destructive treatment is cryotherapy, but surgery and electro-desiccation are more effective. The first line topical treatments appear to be podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. Interferon is too expensive and trichloroacetic acid is too inconsistent to be recommended as primary treatment. It is unclear if combinations of therapies are more effective than monotherapy. Side effect profile, cost, effectiveness and convenience (ability to attend physician's office or to undertake protracted home treatment) define the choice of therapy.
Granuloma faciale (GF) is a rare, chronic benign vasculitis of unknown origin with characteristic clinicopathological features. It generally affects the skin of the face. Numerous medical and surgical treatments have been used with varying degrees of success. Several single-patient case reports have demonstrated the successful use of the pulsed dye laser in treating GF. Chatrath and Rohrer (2002) used long-pulsed tunable dye laser for the treatment of GF to target the vessels and minimize scarring. Confirmation of the diagnosis by a punch biopsy of the lesion was followed by 3 treatments on separate occasions 6 weeks apart with the long-pulsed tunable dye laser. There was significant flattening of the lesions after 2 treatments, with complete clearing after the 3rd. No scarring was detectable and there was no recurrence in the 9-month follow-up. The authors concluded that GF may be successfully treated with the long-pulsed tunable dye laser with minimal risk of scarring, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas.
Cheung and Lanigan (2005) evaluated the results of 4 patients with facial GF from one dermatological laser center that were treated with the Candela Vbeam PDL at 595 nm. Resolution of the GF was achieved in 2 of the 4 patients (50 %). This study provided further evidence that the PDL can help some patients with GF. Thus, it is still a valuable treatment option for GF, especially as it is safe, well-tolerated and quick. Furthermore, Wiederkehr and Schwartz (2008) stated that PDL is the preferred treatment for GF.
Cooper and Burge (2003) noted that Darier's disease (also known as Darier-White disease or keratosis follicularis) is a rare cutaneous disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Greasy papules and plaques arise on the seborrheic areas and in the flexures and almost all patients have nail abnormalities. Acantholysis and dyskeratosis are the typical histological findings. The underlying defect is a result of mutations in the ATP2A2 gene on chromosome 12q23-24 that encodes for a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA 2). Acantholysis is thought to result from desmosome breakdown. Darier's disease is an example of a dominantly inherited disease caused by haplo-insufficiency. Oral retinoids are the most effective treatment, but their adverse effects are troublesome. Topical retinoids, topical corticosteroids, surgery, and laser surgery have their advocates, but evidence for their efectiveness is sparse.
In a preliminary study, Mortensen and colleagues (2008) evaluated the use of the PDL in the management of patients with established vocal fold scar. This was an Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study involving 11 patients. The causes of scarring were phonosurgery (n = 7), radiation (n = 2), and partial laryngectomy (n = 2). The subjects were evaluated pre- and post-procedure using the voice handicap index (VHI), laryngeal stroboscopy rating, voice recordings with acoustic and aerodynamic analysis, and self-evaluation. The PDL was applied with the fiberoptic delivery system by 3 treatments at 1-month intervals in the office setting. Each treatment end-point was blanching of the treatment site. There were 3 women and 8 men in the study group. Ten of 11 patients subjectively improved by self-rating. No patients were worse; VHI improved from 48.44 pre-treatment to 35.55 at 6 months post-treatment (p < 0.05). The jitter at 6 months improved from 2.2 % to 1.7 % (p = NS) and shimmer improved from 3.7 % to 3.2 % (p = NS). The noise to harmonic ratio improved from 0.143 to 0.132 (p = NS). The mean phonotory flow went from 0.177 to 0.254 L/S (p < 0.05). Three raters blinded to treatment sequence rated the post-treatment stroboscopy findings as better than pre-treatment in a forced choice comparison, kappa score 0.903. The authors concluded that PDL is a safe and potentially promising treatment for established vocal fold scar. Subjectively, no patients were worse and 10 of 11 patients reported improved voice. There was improvement in the VHI, acoustic measures of shimmer and jitter, and stroboscopy findings. They stated that further study using this approach in a larger cohort seems to be warranted.
Schmitt and colleagues (2009) stated that Darier disease is often associated with pruritus and an unpleasant odor, causing medical and emotional problems. Ablative laser therapy has proven effective in ameliorating these symptoms. Side effects of this approach include permanent hypo-pigmentation and a risk of scarring. These investigators presented 2 cases where non-ablative therapy with pulsed dye lasers proved a safe and effective way to manage the intertriginous lesions. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, the success in this small case series study indicates that PDL therapy is an option in Darier disease. The authors concluded that larger numbers of patients, ideally in multi-center studies, must be treated in this way to confirm the results of this study.
Hailey-Hailey disease, also known as familial benign pemphigus/benign familial pemphigus, is a hereditary (autosomal-dominant) acantholytic disorder affecting the inter-triginous areas of the body. Available evidence for the use of PDL for this condition is limited to case reports.
Bernstein and co-workers (2011) noted that due to the hemoglobin-selective wavelength of the 595-nm PDL, it is a device of choice for treating cutaneous vascular lesions. However, it is less effective and removing dyschromia, which along with hyper-vascularity is a cardinal sign of cutaneous photodamage. A novel 607-nm dye laser was developed as a first step in creating a dual-wavelength PDL. A total of 25 subjects with dyschromia on the chest due to chronic photodamage were enrolled into an open-label study to explore the safety and efficacy of a 607-nm PDL, with 22 completing the study. Two treatments were administered to the chest, 1 month apart, with fluences ranging from 3 to 6 J/cm2 using a 10-mm diameter spot and pulse duration of 1.5 msec. Cross-polarized digital photographs were taken before and 2 months following the final treatment and rated for improvement by physicians in a blinded fashion. Improvement was rated on a 5-point scale with no subjects rated as poor (less than 25 %) clearance, 3 subjects (13.6 %) demonstrating fair (26 to 50 %) improvement, 7 subjects (31.8 %) rated as good (51 to 75 %) improvement, 12 (54.5 %) were rated as excellent (76 to 95 %) improvement, while none was rated as outstanding improvement (greater than 95 %). The authors concluded that this is the first study of the 607-nm PDL that showed it to be safe and effective for treating dyschromia of the chest due to chronic photodamage, and may in the future expand the ability of the PDL to treat photodamaged skin.
Hochman et al (2010) evaluated the treatment of onychomycosis using a novel 0.65-millisecond (ms) pulsed 1,064-nm laser. A total of 8 subjects were treated over 2 to 3 sessions spaced at least 3 weeks apart. Of the 8 subjects evaluated, 7 had negative post-treatment cultures after the 2nd or 3rd session. Treatments were well-tolerated by all subjects. These data suggested that treatment of onychomycosis with a 0.65-ms pulsed neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) 1,064-nm laser should be studied further to determine the long-term clinical and microbiologic effect. The optimal number of treatment sessions for each patient needs to be determined.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP), also known as xanthelasma, is often classified as a subtype of xanthoma. It is a sharply demarcated yellowish subcutaneous deposit of cholesterol, usually on or around the eyelids. Xanthelasma is common among individuals of Asian descent and those from the Mediterranean region. Because of the hereditary component, XP may or may not indicate high blood levels of cholesterol. Where there is no family history of XP, they usually indicate high cholesterol and may correlate with a risk of atheromatous disease. Although not harmful or painful, XP may be disfiguring and can be removed.
Karsai and colleagues (2010) noted that several studies have reported positive results of non-ablative laser treatment of XP, but the published evidence is weak and inconclusive. These researchers evaluated the effect of PDL for the treatment of XP. A total of 20 female Caucasian patients with 38 lesions (less than or equal to 1 mm above skin level) were enrolled in this study. They received up to 5 treatment sessions with a PDL (wavelength, 585 nm; energy fluence, 7 J/cm(2); pulse duration, 0.5 ms; spot size, 10 mm; number of passes, 2) at 2- to 3-week intervals. Photographs were taken before each treatment session and 4 weeks after the last treatment. Two independent examiners categorized clearance into 4r groups (no clearance [less than 25 % xanthelasma area(s) cleared], moderate [25 to 50 %], good [51 to 75 %], and excellent [greater than 75 %]). Patient satisfaction was assessed on a verbal rating scale. Approximately 2/3 of the lesions showed clearance greater than 50 %, and 1/4 had clearance greater than 75 %. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (contingency coefficient greater than 0.7 at all visits). Treatments were well-tolerated and had no major side effects. Patient satisfaction was generally high. The authors concluded that PDL is a promising approach for treating XP, especially when multiple sessions are performed. These findings need to be validated by well-desinged studies.
Minars et al (2012) stated that basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer. Because of its highly vascular characteristic, it is amendable to treatment with PDL (595nm). These researchers examined the safety and effectiveness of PDL for mostly facial BCCs. A total of 29 patients (16 men and 13 women) with 39 biopsy-proven BCCs were treated with 1 to 4 PDL therapies at 2- to 4-week intervals. The treatment parameters included pulse energy of 15 J/cm 2, pulse-length of 3 ms; with no dynamic cooling, and 7-mm spot size. The age of the patients was 30 to 90 years (mean of 73 years). Response rates were evaluated by the clinical assessments with mean follow-up of 11 months. Twenty-four patients with 32 tumors reached at least 3 months follow-up: 24/32 (75 %) tumors with complete resolution (mean 3 treatment sessions); 5/32 (16 %) tumors recurred; 3/32 (9 %) tumors with incomplete responses after 4 treatments. Minimal side effects and discomfort were experienced by the patients with PDL therapy. The authors concluded that PDL is a safe, tolerable, and moderately effective method of treating various BCCs. Moreover, they stated that the ideal niche and standardized settings for PDL treatment of BCCs are yet to be determined.
Jalian et al (2014) examined the effect of repeated treatment with a combined 585-nm PDL and 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser on BCCs of superficial and nodular subtypes of varying diameters. A total of 10 subjects with 13 biopsy-proven BCCs received 4 combined PDL and Nd:YAG at treatments 2 to 4 week intervals. None of the BCCs met the criteria for Mohs micrographic surgery. The tumor and 4 mm of peripheral skin were treated using standardized parameters delivered with a 7-mm spot with 10 % overlap. The treated area was excised and evaluated histologically for residual tumor. The primary study end-point was histologic clearance of tumor. The secondary study end-point was blinded investigator assessment of clinical end-point and adverse effects. Approximately 50 % of all tumors showed a complete response to 4combined PDL and Nd:YAG treatments (n = 7/12, 58 %). When stratified by size, 75 % of all tumors less than 1 cm in diameter (n = 6/8) showed complete response. Tumor histologic types among the complete responders included superficial and nodular BCCs. All subjects with incompletely responding BCCs were on various forms of anti-coagulation, which these researchers hypothesized, may inhibit laser-mediated thrombosis necessary for the clinical effect. Blinded investigator assessment suggested that biopsy related erythema improves with subsequent laser treatments. The authors concluded that combined PDL and Nd:YAG laser is an effective means of reducing tumor burden in patients with BCC and may be a promising, emerging alternative therapy. Factors influencing treatment response includes the concomitant use of anti-coagulation. Moreover, they stated that further studies are needed to investigate and optimize the utility of this treatment protocol.
An UpToDate review on "Treatment and prognosis of basal cell carcinoma" (Chartier and Aasi, 2014) states that "Approaches to enhance the efficacy of PDT have included administering multiple treatment sessions; combining ALA with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, a drug penetration enhancer), hyperthermia, or deferoxamine; extending the ALA application time; applying the photosensitizer with an occlusive dressing; combining ALA with curettage of the lesion or carbon dioxide laser; and administering ALA by intralesional rather than topical application. None of these approaches has an established role in the treatment of BCCs". The review does not mention PDL as a therapeutic option. Furthermore, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's clinical practice guideline on "Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers" (Version 2.2014) does not mention PDL as a therapeutic option.
|CPT Codes / HCPCS Codes / ICD-9 Codes
|Verruca warts and pyogenic granuloma:
|CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|Destruction (e.g., laser surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, surgical curettement), of benign lesions other than skin tags or cutaneous vascular proliferative lesions; up to 14 lesions
|15 or more lesions
|ICD-9 codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|078.10 - 078.19
|Viral warts [verruca]
|Pyogenic granuloma [face and neck]
|Port wine stains, other hemangiomas, and glomangiomas:
|CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|Destruction of cutaneous vascular proliferative lesions (e.g., laser techniques); less than 10 sq cm
|10.0 to 50.0 sq cm
|over 50.0 sq cm
|ICD-9 codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|Hemangioma of skin and subcutaneous tissue [face and neck]
|Vascular hamartomas (e.g., Port-wine stain, strawberry nevus and birthmarks) [face and neck]
|Plaque psoriasis:
|CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|Laser treatment for inflammatory skin disease (psoriasis); total area less than 250 sq cm
|250 sq cm to 500 sq cm
|over 500 sq cm
|ICD-9 codes covered if selection criteria are met:
|Other psoriasis
|ICD-9 codes not covered for indications listed in the CPB (not all-inclusive):
|Molluscum contagiosum
|Dermatophytosis of nail [onychomycosis]
|Benign neoplasm of skin of lower limb, including hip [angiokeratoma]
|Lymphangioma, any site
|Xanthelasma [palpebrum]
|Granulations of postmastoidectomy cavity
|Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
|Nevus, non-neoplastic
|Other and unspecified capillary diseases
|457.8 - 457.9
|Other and unspecified noninfectious disorders of lymphatic channels [microcystic lymphatic malformations]
|685.0 - 685.1
|Pilonidal cyst
|Other specified erythematous conditions [pityriasis rubra pilaris]
|Circumscribed scleroderma
|Other and unspecified diseases of hair and hair follicles
|Acne varioliformis
|Other acne
|Dyschromia, unspecified
|Other dyschromia
|Other specified anomalies of skin [Darier disease] [Hailey-Hailey disease]
|Other ICD-9 codes related to the CPB:
|Keloid scar [see criteria]
|Other specified hypertrophic and atrophic conditions of skin
|Basal Cell Carcinoma:
|CPT codes covered for indications listed in the CPB:
|Destruction, malignant lesion (e.g., laser surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, surgical curettement), trunk, arms or legs; lesion diameter 0.5 cm or less
|lesion diameter 0.6 to 1.0 cm
|lesion diameter 1.1 to 2.0 cm
|lesion diameter 2.1 to 3.0 cm
|lesion diameter 3.1 to 4.0 cm
|lesion diameter over 4.0 cm
|Destruction, malignant lesion (e.g., laser surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, surgical curettement), scalp, neck, hands, feet, genitalia; lesion diameter 0.5 cm or less
|lesion diameter 0.6 to 1.0 cm
|lesion diameter 1.1 to 2.0 cm
|lesion diameter 2.1 to 3.0 cm
|lesion diameter 3.1 to 4.0 cm
|lesion diameter over 4.0 cm
|Destruction, malignant lesion (e.g., laser surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, surgical curettement), face, ears, eyelids, nose, lips, mucous membrane; lesion diameter 0.5 cm or less
|lesion diameter 0.6 to 1.0 cm
|lesion diameter 1.1 to 2.0 cm
|lesion diameter 2.1 to 3.0 cm
|lesion diameter 3.1 to 4.0 cm
|lesion diameter over 4.0 cm
|ICD 9 codes not covered for indications listed in the CPB :
|173.01, 173.11, 173.21, 173.31, 173.41, 173.51, 173.61, 173.71, 173.81, 173.91
|Basal cell carcinoma of skin


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"We go to the dojo and train. Ok, so what does that get us? We will show improvement in return for making the choice and effort to go practice. This can only be a good thing. As an American, anything that gets me up and active has to be counted an improvement. Going to the dojo to train means getting some kind of instruction in your art and being able to practice it. That's good, but relying on the teacher to provide all of the direction in your training makes for weak, inefficient training and slow progress."
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Morgan Coverlet, Silver Moon
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Can anyone tell me how you would install SPD cleats into these Bontrager SSR mountain bike shoes? The soul tab that looks as though it should remove appears to be solid. I've removed the insole and can feel the section that appears should hold the cleat but I can't figure it out and don't want to damage the shoe.
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Last century's phenomenon, Oasis have added a further two dates to their summer assault on the UK.
The quintet, who are set to deliver their sixth studio album this year, will play two nights in Newcastle. Those dates are:
12th Newcastle Metro Radio Arena
13th Newcastle Metro Radio Arena
Tickets go on sale this Saturday, 12th February.
The band have also revealed that they will be playing sizeable dates in the US in June with Antipodean rockers, Jet.


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Acer Aspire V5-561
SpecificationsNotebook: Acer Aspire V5-561 (Aspire V5 Series)
Processor: Intel Core i5 4200U
Graphics Adapter: AMD Radeon R7 M265
Display: 15.6 inch, 16:9, 1366x768 pixels, glossy: yes
Weight: 2.5kg
Price: euro
Reviews for the Acer Aspire V5-561
Source: Laptop.bg BU→EN
Positive: Beautiful stable case; good performance; great cooling system. Negative: Low coverage of the sRGB colors.
Single Review, online available, Long, Date: 02/12/2014
The Aspire V5 has a plastics body and is slimmer and with 2 kg also lighter than the competition. Acer has targeted users looking for a portable machine. In many aspects, this device is average in its class and does not stand out. The 15.6 inch capacitive touchscreen features a resolution of 1366 x 768 pixels and supports 10-point inputs, which is perfect for the pre-installed Windows 8. Colors are bright and crisp, and the viewing angles leave nothing to complain about. The full-sized chiclet keyboard with number pad offers a decent typing experience. In addition, it comes with an extra- large clickable touchpad with support for Windows 8 gestures.
Inside the Aspire V5 there is a 750GB hard drive, which is a decent amount of storage, and a 1.8GHz Intel Core i3-3217U ULV dual core processor. The performance is sufficient when compared to competitors of the same price range. It can handle light multimedia tasks easily, but is not suitable for hardcore gaming. But, casual social games are not a problem. Considering how thin and light the build is, battery life is a concern. Unfortunately, the Acer Aspire V5 fares much, much worse than the competition here. Overall, this is a good looking, well designed machine for an affordable price. Battery life is its main shortcoming, but if that's not an issue, the Acer Aspire V5 is great value.
AMD Radeon R7 M265: Mid-range graphics card based on the GCN architecture.
With these GPUs you are able to play modern and demanding games fluently at medium detail settings and HD resolution.
» Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Graphics Cards and the corresponding Benchmark List.
Haswell-based ULV dual-core processor clocked at 1.6 GHz with Turbo Boost support up to 2.6 GHz. Offers an integrated HD Graphics 4400 and a dual-channel DDR3 memory controller.» Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Processsors.
15.6": 15 inch display-variants are the standard and are used for more than the half of all notebooks. 15.4 inch display with 16:10 are the standard for notebook displays. However nowadays, more and more 16:9 displays with 15.6 inch appear. The reason why so many people like displays with medium size is, that this size is not exhausting for the eyes, does not need too much energy and the laptops can be kept quite compact.» To find out how fine a display is, see our DPI List.
2.5 kg: This notebook is lighter than the average of all notebooks. It is too heavy for sub-notebooks. 14 inch displays are normal for this class of weight.
Acer: Acer Incorporated is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturer. Its product lineup includes desktops and laptops, as well as personal digital assistants (PDAs), servers and storage, displays, peripherals, and e-business services for business, government, education, and home users. Acer is the third largest computer manufacturer in the world (by sales) after HP and Dell Inc (2007). The company owns the largest franchised computer retail chain in Taipei, Taiwan. Originally named Multitech, it was founded in 1976. Gateway and Packard Bell are economically connected with Acer. Market share regarding sales of personal computers in 2007 (market research IDC): HP 18.9 %, Dell 16.4 %, Acer 9.9 %, Lenovo 7.5 %, Apple 5.7 %
» Further information can be found in our Notebook Purchase Guide.


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Ogle at the ogler of your choice.
Millions of young men live their lives entirely on the Internet, unable to leave the house, in fear of human contact. In response to this troubled niche, an entertainment company has come up with a possible cure. Videos of girls that stare into the camera.... and occasionally say good morning...
A "Hikikomori", according to Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, is "an individual who refuses to leave their parents' house, and isolates themselves away from society in their homes for a period exceeding six months". It's hard to estimate how many have fallen prey to this anti-social depression, but some estimate it at around one million in Japan alone.
Avex, one of the largest independent entertainment-related subsidiaries in Japan, has managed to come up with a product for the unusual audience. They believe the "Just Looking" collection, will help those "young males who aren't used to socializing with women (...) become more accustomed to making eye contact and/or handle the fact that a sentient being sits across from them and awaits interaction." A former sufferer tells us whether he thinks it will work, and how he escaped the solitude of a hikikomori lifestyle.
Despite the apparent lack of activity during the running time, the videos have been viewed hundreds of thousands of times since they were posted at the end of May. The full collection of 50 is available on Avex's website. There are a variety of models, including twins and an elderly woman.
Tom Jacobsen is an American who identifies himself as a former Hikikomori. (Although the trend began in Japan, it has since spread to other internet-dependent societies). He now works as a programmer in Gurnee, Illinois. He is a Mensa member and ran a blog about his daily life but has since closed it.
As for the video, I expect they use girls specifically for the sex appeal - the promise of a relationship. Hikikomori have a lot of difficulty with things they don't understand - and one of those things is girls. The video shows that social experiences don't have to be scary and tense. Much of the time, Hikikomori kids' first impressions of social contact have to do with angry, demanding parents and playground bullies, so these videos show that there are other people out there who they might get along with better. Also, the fact that these videos were made (...) will probably have a positive effect in itself. The recluses will think that people really do care about them and want to help them, which should be encouraging to them.
Also, people tend to emulate what they see, so if the Hikikomori see videos of people talking to them, they might want to go out and talk to people themselves, I guess. Something similar happened to me; I spent a lot of my time as a Hikikomori in my room looking at camwhores and their sites, and now I've got a webcam site of my own like the ones they have. But I don't get naked or anything.
I wouldn't worry too much about the Hikikomori. They are usually quite intelligent, and eventually find a way to integrate into the dominant society, despite their reservations. (...) we will just wait around and hope that nothing bad happens."
"Will Sato get a job and counter the evil organization, or will he submit to his weakness and download porn all day? Swimming in a sea of corruption, Sato prepares for the battle of his life. Welcome to the NHK!"
Originally written as a novel in 2002, the book "Welcome to the NHK" was adapted into an anime TV series which was released in English in 2007. It tells the story of Sato, a 22 year-old man who thinks that hikikomori has been created by the Japanese public broadcaster "NHK" (who, funnily enough, did air the programme). Then he meets a beautiful girl who promises to help him leave the house and his hikikomori life behind.
This is an excellent idea. However, it doesn't take into account female Hikikomari.
That's what I was thinking... a bit sexist no?


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Our Amazing Clients. Our clients include some of the largest financial institutions, Fortune 100 companies, investment banks and technology-based companies. Our work with them usually is complex and always important. Contributing to their success makes work fun.
Diversity. Differences really do make a difference. A very positive difference. We've been ranked No. 1 among law firms for diversity by Vault five times in the last 10 years.
Float Like a Butterfly, Sting Like a Bee. Make no mistake, at MoFo, we believe in doing everything possible to avoid litigation. But if it comes to a fight, fight we will. Vigorously. Our firm is consistently ranked as one of the top litigation practices in the country by The American Lawyer.
Nobody. Nobody does it better — MoFo is synonymous with technology. Our technology practice is a leader. Many of the world's best technology-driven companies make us their first call. We're at one with our inner geek.
The American Lawyer's A-List. Year after year. Reason after reason. There's more to it than revenues and numbers of partners. Ranking among the top firms takes a little something extra — something about a firm's culture and esprit de corps. If you don't believe us, join us and see.
Highly Compensated. Sometimes the most rewarding compensation is not financial. Some of our best and most important clients never pay us. We are recognized as among the nation's leaders for our longstanding commitment to pro bono work.
Mel. As in Mel Goldman. If ever there were a lawyer to learn securities litigation work from, Mel's the man.
To Be or Not to Be. Going public is a defining step. That's why companies considering an IPO seek expert advice. Issuers and underwriters choose our capital markets team, making MoFo one of the most active firms each year for domestic and global IPOs.
The 21st Century. The 21st century has been called the Asian century. With one of the most extensive Asian practices of any U.S. law firm, this should make us the 21st century law firm.
153 of the Best Lawyers in America. Which one will you work for? Probably most of them, actually. At Morrison & Foerster, we work in teams to make the impossible possible every day. So chances are, you'll come in daily contact with some, if not many, of the 153 at MoFo.
Bank on Us. Many of the largest financial institutions in the world turn to MoFo for advice on bank regulatory matters, including privacy, money laundering, commercial and retail banking, and regulatory capital issues. We have the largest bank regulatory practice in the United States.
Run With It. How much responsibility will you have? A small amount more than you think you can handle. This is part of the way we teach and part of the way you'll grow. You will amaze yourself.
Kumbaya. Joining companies together involves more than just a quest for peace and harmony. Our M&A team has the expertise and experience that comes from ranking among the most active U.S. M&A firms and from being an Asian M&A leader.
A Beautiful Mind. The best lawyer we know is our lawyer, Marshall Small — MoFo's General Counsel. Combine one of the sharpest minds in America with exemplary values — you get a leader whose example we strive to follow.
Mojo. Our passion for what we do, how we do it, for whom we do it and with whom we do it. It's what brought us all together and it's what sets us apart from the rest.
Business as Usual. We apply the same intellectual rigor to each new solution. A tax-motivated product that lets our client be first to market. An unconventional litigation strategy that succeeds where success was unlikely. Innovation is our business.
They like us; they really, really like us. We couldn't be happier than we were when we heard we were named Law Firm of the Year by Structured Products magazine. In 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011 and again in 2012.
R-E-S-P-E-C-T. That's our song. MoFo runs on respect...for our people, for their ideas and for the differences that make us stronger.
Your Style Works With Us. Everyone works differently. Different hours. Different skills. Different lunch times. Our goal isn't to make you work like we do. We respect different styles here. Within reason, of course.
Tokyo.The American Lawyer calls our Tokyo office a "model for the future" for international firms. We are the largest and most diversified international law firm in Japan. Many of Japan's most substantial and active companies are our clients.
Stability. If you wait long enough, almost everything changes. After all, we are now over 1000 lawyers in 17 offices around the world, and growing. Among the things that won't change: our values and our resolve to achieve excellent results in a professional manner.
Thinking Big. Our technology and biotechnology clients have something in common — big ideas. With the largest intellectual property department of any full service firm, we're well equipped to protect, and maximize the value of, their ideas.
Our Village. In our village, there are little you's, little me's and a gigantic WE. We are what most firms say they try to be — one TEAM.
Gem Polishing. Each year, the gems arrive. New lawyers eager to learn. We're eager to help you. Our reputation will be only as good as you turn out to be. Mentoring is essential. We're good at it — our gems sparkle.
What Isn't in a Name—Attitude. If your name is MoFo, taking yourself too seriously isn't an option. If your rock band calls itself the "Mofonics," no chance of pulling off stodgy. That's okay. No point pretending to be what you aren't.


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Art Ciasca: If you suspect your child is a victim of bullying, nip it in the bud
The shocking and distressing news regarding 12-year-old middle school student Rebecca Sedwick committing suicide after being bullied by as many as 15 teenagers is outrageous and causes tremendous concern.
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Cross Cultural Center > Delmar Divide Exhibit
Visit any city or relocate to a new area of town, and residents are quick to inform newcomers of the 'good parts' of town and areas that should be avoided. This is no different for the St. Louis Community. As new people move into the St. Louis area, people are often encouraged to visit certain places, such as the Central West End, Clayton, and Soulard, while cautioning newcomers to avoid others such as Jennings and South City. How does this information shape our perception of St. Louis? What messages reinforce stereotypes surrounding communities that are disproportionately poor and inhabited predominantly by people of color? The Delmar Divide Exhibit seeks to explore these complex issues.
Hosted by the Cross Cultural Center and in collaboration with the Student Success Center, the Delmar Divide Exhibit, based on a short British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) documentary, titled "Crossing a Street That Divides Communities," will explore striking socioeconomic differences that plague Delmar Boulevard, which spans from east to west through the areas of University City and inner city St. Louis. This exhibit will also highlight the Midtown area and draw attention to the Saint Louis University community's perception of social class and of the surrounding St. Louis region.
Learn More about "Crossing a St. Louis Street That Divides Communities"
In early March 2012, Frank Strasser, a reporter for the BBC World in Washington, was researching background information on St. Louis for a news report. He found himself filming a second news report based on what his research uncovered; a city still segregated. The video features St. Louisians, as they share their insights into racial and socioeconomic segregation in a city.
Please visit the BBC website to view the four-minute clip surrounding the Delmar Divide and to read more information about the Study.
Interested in bringing a class?
The exhibit is open for viewing to campus and community members from 9:00am-5:00pm Monday, November 5 - Friday, November 9, 2012. However, because space is limited please contact Patrice French at email@example.com by Tuesday, October 30, 2012 if you plan on bringing class or group larger than 12 so that we can best accommodate you.


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Video: Tags: slaves
A tag is a word or phrase that helps you find video clips with similar content. View all tags »
Displaying 1 to 10 of 10 results.
History Detectives | Bill of Sale | PBS (#1009)
Eduardo investigates the life story behind a Bill of Sale for a 17-year old "negro girl." 14:33
History Detectives | Bill of Sale, Cobb Powder Horn and the Star Spangled Banner | PBS (#1009)
Full Program: Eduardo investigates the story behind a Bill of Sale for a 17-year old "negro girl". 53:41
American Experience | Failed Protests | PBS (#101)
In the Spring of 1854, fugitive slave Anthony Burns sat in Boston's city jail. 02:55
American Experience | Frederick Douglass Finds Freedom | PBS (#101)
Frederick Douglass and his wife settle in New Bedford, MA where he does hard manual labor. 00:49
American Experience | Frederick Douglass Reacts | PBS (#2501)
In 1833, Frederick Douglass was sent to a slave breaker to be beaten back into submission. 02:59
American Experience | Harriet Beecher Stowe Witnesses a Slave Auction | PBS (#2501)
On a day trip to Kentucky in 1832, Harriet Beecher happened upon her first slave auction. 02:21
Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly | African-American Spirituals | PBS (#1536)
Their messages of hope and deliverance still resonate. 08:36
History Detectives | Chandler Tintype, Hollywood Indian Ledger, Harlem Heirs | PBS (#912)
Full Program: Slave in a Confederate Uniform, Hollywood Indian Payroll, Fighting for Harlem Land Rights. 55:10
History Detectives | Wearing the Confederate Uniform: Slave or Soldier? | PBS (#912)
In this rare photo of a black man in a Confederate uniform, was he soldier or slave? 19:57
Antiques Roadshow | Coming Up Monday, October 10th, at 8/7C PM: | PBS (#1403)
A ROADSHOW guest shows Wes Cowan an intriguing Confederate tintype of a master and slave. 04:12
Displaying 1 to 10 of 10 results.
Video Collections
American Experience
As television's longest-running, most-watched history series, American Experience brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that helped form this nation.
Antiques Roadshow
ANTIQUES ROADSHOW cameras capture tales of family heirlooms, yard sale bargains and long-lost items salvaged from attics and basements, while experts reveal the fascinating truths about these finds.
History Detectives
HISTORY DETECTIVES returns to explore the stories behind historic sites, artifacts and tall tales told in cities across the country, with the help of an inquisitive team of fact-finders with an uncanny talent for uncovering the truth.
Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly
This series provides in-depth coverage of the top religion and ethics stories of the week as well as religious and ethical perspectives on domestic and foreign events and the arts. Hosted by veteran journalist Bob Abernethy, the series...


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No. 21 Creighton Beats Tulsa 83-64
Dec. 19, 2011
Box Score | Quotes | Box Score
Tulsa, Oklahoma - Creighton sophomore Doug McDermott scored a career-high 35 points as the nation's 21st-ranked Bluejays handed the Tulsa Golden Hurricane an 83-64 loss in front of 4,228 fans at the Donald W. Reynolds Center Monday night.
Creighton improved to 9-1 on the year, while the Hurricane fell to 5-7.
Creighton shot 58.6-percent for the game and expanded its' eight-point halftime lead to 18 in the first four minutes as the Bluejays outscored the Hurricane 13-3 in the early going of the second half. Creighton kept the lead in the double-digits for the remainder of the contest, building its lead to as many as 21 points once, while the Hurricane got as close as 11 points, 75-64, on a Steven Idlet layup with 2:10 remaining in the game.
McDermott's 35 points tied for the most points by an opponent in the 13-year history of the Reynolds Center. The previous best was 35 points by Appalachian State's Omar Carter last year on Nov. 12, 2010. Tulsa's Anthony Price had a Reynolds Center record 39 points against SMU on Jan. 1, 2005.
Tulsa's sophomore duo of Jordan Clarkson and Tim Peete led the Hurricane with 14 and 12 points, respectively. The Hurricane shot 43-percent from the field and were out-rebounded for only the third time in 12 games this season, 37-29.
"I tell you what, that was one impressive performance by Doug McDermott. I thought the guy single-handedly broke the spirit of our team. In particular, our three seniors and sophomore post players. He was terrific," said Tulsa Head Coach Doug Wojcik.
The first-half was back-and-forth as Creighton held a 42-34 lead at the intermission. The Bluejays built a nine-point lead at 14-5 with just over four minutes gone in the game, and the Hurricane then went on a 15-4 run to take a 20-19 lead on a Joe Richard jumper at the 10:49 mark of the first half.
Creighton than went on a 7-0 run for a 26-20 lead and built the lead to 11 points at 42-31 with 0:22 left on the first-half clock. Scottie Haralson's three-pointer with seven seconds remaining cut the Bluejays halftime lead to 42-34.
In the first 20 minutes McDermott had 19 points for Creighton, while Tulsa guards Peete had nine, Haralson eight and Clarkson seven points.
Tulsa will be off for the Christmas Holiday and return to action at the Reynolds Center on Wednesday, December 28 against the Mercer Bears. Game time is 8:30 pm, as the men's game follows the Tulsa women's game against Nebraska-Omaha at 6 pm.
Fax: 918.631.3666


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Brooks B. Barkley is the Vice President of Barkley Feed and Supply, Inc. and inactive roles in one additional company .
Barkley Feed and Supply, Inc. filed as a Domestic For-Profit Corporation in the State of Texas filed on Wednesday, December 22, 1982. This corporation is approximately thirty-three years old according to documents filed with Texas Secretary of State. Barkley Feed and Supply, Inc. also lists Richard Barkley as President.
Brooks B. Barkley is connected to other officers through these corporate roles. One of the top connections is Richard Barkley .
Brooks's past corporate interests include the Vice President of Wildlife Sportsman, Inc. .
Key roles for Brooks B. Barkley
Barkley Feed and Supply, Inc.
Vice President
Wildlife Sportsman, Inc.
Vice President