text:
With over 100 parks, greenbelts, recreation facilities, and local events in Davis, there are many opportunities for you to volunteer in the City or just in your own neighborhood. Volunteer opportunities are offered year round and can accommodate various schedules, interests, and skills.
- Click on our most popular types of volunteer opportunities described below in the Volunteer Job's section.
- Check out the volunteer event calendar to sign up for a scheduled project for yourself or with a group.
- If you want more information click on the information link below to answer any questions or to find a good match for your interests and schedule.
Davis Police Department Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS)VIPS serve as extra "eyes, ears, and helping hands" for the police department, but do not engage in contacting, detaining, or arresting suspicious persons or criminals.
Police Department Cadet ProgramThe Cadet Program is open to youths between the ages of 13-19 who are interested in learning about law enforcement. Cadets participate in a variety of activities such as providing traffic control, public information, assisting in crowd control at special events, search operations, and related activities.
City of Davis Volunteer ProgramThe City of Davis has a variety of volunteer opportunities, which can include working with one or more city departments on a regular basis.
Davis Fire Department Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)This program CERT was created to train people in the Davis community to help themselves, family and neighbors during an emergency as well as to establish a pool of volunteers that can assist with large scale emergencies.
current volunteer opportunities click here
Requires Update: No


text:
Inspired to create and setup his own business, Cebuano businessman Alexander Choachuy, Jr. decided to invest in Cebu's favorite lechon (roasted pig) in 2002.
Choachuy said he believed Cebu's lechon would be easier to market because it was already a popular food product.
He then set up his first kiosk at Savemore at Mactan Marina Mall in 2002 with only a few thousands as capital.
?I decided to venture into the lechon business as my first because I thought there are many people here in Cebu who would know how to make it, the process of cooking lechon. Now my challenge is how I can do it better and produce the best tasting lechon in Cebu,? he said.
Choachuy said that during the first few months, he had to operate his lechon outlet at a loss with only very low sales.
He said it's normal for every business to experience that especially when one still has to prove himself to the very discriminating market of Cebu.
?My brand Se Ben's Lechon was not yet known then and we were still trying to convince people to try us out. That time other brands were also already popular among buyers both local and tourists,? he said.
He and his employees sacrifices eventually bore fruit as his lechon business started picking up in the second year of operation that he could afford to expand and open another kiosk in Marina Mall to cater to more buyers in the mall.
He also added another product to his roasted products ? lechon manok or roasted chicken.
He also added a restaurant and three more kiosks in Mandaue City and Cebu City.
?We then opened more with more and more people wanting to buy our lechon. We opened a restaurant in the north reclamation area, a kiosk in White Gold, Rustan's Banawa and Parkmall,? he said.
He, however, had to close the restaurant at the North Reclamation Area because there were less traffic of people in the location.
?The food we served were a hit to our customers but the location was really the problem so we have no choice but to close it last year. We are however still looking for other areas where we will relocate the restaurant,? he said.
Choachuy attributed his success to the aggressive marketing of his products, which included placing advertisements in newspapers and doing the rounds of the companies to inform them that they were offering their lechon for corporate events.
Choachuy also is meticulous in the quality of his products in order to compete against rivals in the business.
He monitors the operation from the first process of choosing the hogs, to the slaughtering of the pigs, the cooking and the proper handling of the lechon and of course the good packaging of the product.
He said he would always implement the triple A slaughtering of their hogs for lechon to make sure that their products would be of the best quality.
?I also experiment a lot on the spices to achieve the best flavors for my lechon,? he said.
Choachuy's hands-on style of managing his business is also a positive factor in its success.
?I'm very hands on when it comes to managing Se Ben's Lechon. I often visit my kiosk to check on what my people needs in order to give the best shopping experience to our buyers,?he said.
Choachuy said that as of today, he maintians four Se Ben's Lechon areas which includes the two kiosk in Marina Mall, another one in Rustan's Banawa and another at White Gold.
Choachuy said from an employee manning his lechon kiosk, he now has four more to man his other kiosks.
Despite the competition, Choachuy said he believed that there would still be growth in the business.
He cited his increasing number of satisfied clients, who would always order from him during occasions for celebrations.
?For this March which is a month of graduation, we have already some orders and I'm sure that we'll get more in the coming weeks because most people usually place their orders for a whole lechon during the last minute,? he said.
For a whole lechon, price ranges from P2,800 to P7,000 and a kilo would be had for P440.
?We also have packaging for those who will be bringing lechon to other places as pasalubongs. Our packaging are airport-approved so they won't encounter any problems when bringing home a kilo or more,? he said.
Choachuy said he was planning on adding different flavors that would suit the customers tastes.
?While I still very much would capitalize on the traditional Cebuano lechon, I would also like to see other flavors in the future like perhaps offering spicy lechon. Although we already offer that now, I would also like our brand to be known as the best brand when it comes to these different flavors,? Choachuy said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
I am so blown away by:
1) How cool Kstars is! I used to have a Win32 application that I lost,
and this app is better (plus it's free, and it runs on Linux). :-) The
only feature I'd like to have is to be able to position the POV off of
the planet (so I can look at the solar system from the "top").
2) How bright Mars actually is! It almost looks like Jupiter, it's so
big and bright. It's amazing how it shined through last night even right
next to a gibous moon. I am planning to bust out my (small) telescope
for some night sky viewing tonight--maybe I'll see more than canals...
On Thu, 2003-08-14 at 10:58, Bill Kendrick wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 13, 2003 at 10:54:54PM -0700, Lincoln Peters wrote:
> > Somewhat more on-topic:
> >
> > If you're not sure where to look for Mars in the night sky, you can find out
> > using KStars. You can tell it your location, which celestial body to focus
> > on, etc., and then you've got a much better idea of where it is.
> That's exactly how I did it the other night. In fact, since KStars isn't
> installed on my wife's laptop, I ran ssh -X to my box upstairs and
> launched it. It ran _amazingly_ fast, for going over a network! (100Mb)
> Anyway, if you've never seen Kstars, to get it! (Debian users can just
> apt-get install, I think... I'm running KDE3, so you _might_ need to find
> a backport)
> > In the case of Mars, right now in Santa Rosa, it is a bright object to the
> > right of the moon. And the moon is easy enough to spot.
> Yeah, it's been fun to watch the little speck move more and more right-wards
> (relative to the moon) over the last few days. I need to get ahold of
> a telescope soon... my fuzzy eyes + binoculars doesn't really cut it. ;)
> -bill!
> _______________________________________________
> vox mailing list
> email@example.com
> http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox
R. Douglas Barbieri
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text:
Originally written on The Victory Formation | Last updated 1/26/13
The 27th President of the United States of America, and the only President to also be a Supreme Court Justice, is on his way back to Washington, DC. The Washington Nationals have selected Taft to become the 5th president of the organization's mascot race. Unlike during his election in 1909, Taft was a long shot to grab the spot. The odds were 35-1 that he would be chosen to taken on George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. It seemed like John F Kennedy was a sure thing, but "Bill" will be running alongside these other titans of the Beltway. Teddy was the last of these great leaders to win a race, and ironically chose Taft. This was quite possibly set by the precedent that Taft was essentially handpicked by Roosevelt to succeed him slightly more than a century ago. "Teddy has handpicked the next president for the Presidents' Race," Nationals COO Andy Feffer said late Friday. "There was a great amount of banter and discussion back and forth, but Teddy won out with his recommendation." Considering Taft was a one-term Commander-in-Chief, one has to wonder if Teddy made this choice knowing that it could make him look [...]
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Learn about the science and benefits of meditation, discover how to meditate, and enhance your practice with our guided meditations to connect your body and mind.
Guided Meditations
Meditation Made Easier: Try Guided Yoga Nidra
If you've struggled with meditation but buy into the benefits, it's time to try yoga nidra. This systematic relaxation brings ease to the very deepest layers of our being.
Deepak Chopra's Meditation to Inspire Children
Deepak Chopra empowers children to find positive ways in which they would like to change the world through mindfulness exercises.
Need a Stronger Painkiller? Try Your Meditation Cushion
Neck pain and stress-related tension are a regular struggle for many, but experts say meditation may be the key to longterm relief.
3 Confidence-Boosting Meditations For Your Sun Salutes
No time to meditate? Bryant Park Yoga teacher Sangeeta Vallabhan doesn't buy it. You make time for Surya Namaskar, don't you?
The Surrender Experiment: How One Yogi Found "Life's Perfection"
Author Michael A. Singer went from a penniless yogi in the woods to CEO of a billion-dollar public company—almost against his own will. Get a preview of his story in this interview.
Everything You Need to Know About Meditation Posture
Do you sit down for meditation and wonder if you're doing it right? Learn all about the universal meditation posture here.
A Post-Workout Meditation All Athletes Must Try
The breath is just as essential for athletes as it is for yogis. Spend a few minutes with your breath to rebalance after exercise.
10-Minute Centering Meditation from Christian Tradition
Rose Freerick, a Christian meditation teacher, who draws inspiration from the divine, teaches us to find stillness in this centering prayer.
Goddess Yoga Project: 3-Step Meditation To Inspire Intuition
Your intuition is your innermost GPS and one of your greatest allies in life. Sianna Sherman teaches you how to cultivate it.
No Time to Meditate? Try Deepak Chopra's 1-Minute Meditation
If the idea of clearing 20 minutes in your schedule feels impossible, turn to this simple meditation you can use anywhere, anytime.
A Guided Meditation To Do Before Exercise
Practice tuning in to your breath and body before a workout to focus and commit to nurturing and strengthening your body.
Deepak Chopra's 2-Minute Meditation for Love + Forgiveness
In this short affirmation-based meditation with Deepak Chopra, M.D., you can use his positive words to shift your thoughts and action.
10-Minute Guided Meditation for Mindful Eating
During this practice, become more attuned to the tastes and textures of foods, providing a satisfying introduction to mindfulness practice.
End-of-Day Mindful Meditation for a Calm Evening
If you find it difficult to set aside time for seated meditation, this practice can be done informally (even while you're brushing your teeth!).
Guided Meditation for Dealing With Conflict
For a more compassionate approach to conflict, this meditation works through the essential questions toward empathy.


text:
Bothered by modest, yet persistent back problems? Troubled by popping hips? In Balance, a Sag Harbor based Pilates studio, could have the solution. The company has announced a new program that focuses on the common affliction of back pain. "Preventing Injuries: Areas of Back Weakness" is a free session, open to the public, aimed at mild back pain and discomfort experienced by a great number of people. The class will take place in the studio at 34 West Water Street on Friday, August 15, at 4 p.m. Space is limited, so reservations are recommended.
The 60-minute workshop will be led by Dr. Laura Tesch, who holds a doctorate in physical therapy and has trained as a dancer, Pilates practitioner and runner, all of which have molded her treatment philosophy, which specializes in non-surgical orthopedic issues. The program combines the easing of the physical with a complementing insight into the importance of balance of mind, body and spirit, all working toward providing intelligent options for staying in shape. Dr. Tesch will speak about common issues related to weakness in the upper, middle and lower back, as well as sampling of symptoms and remediation options.
In Balance has been in Sag Harbor for 16 years, working with the public in a mission to restore balance to their bodies through the Pilates method. It offers a series of group or private classes, as well as home workouts. For more information, or to book a place on Dr. Tesch's program, visit www.inbalancestudio.com or call (631) 725-8282.


text:
Results 1 to 11 of 11
Thread: Learning 3D... little help?
March 24th, 2005 #1
Learning 3D... little help?
Due to the horibble U.S. school system, I've been forced to teach my self 3D modeling and such. I tried picking up XSI when the HL2 version came out, but it was far o difficult to figure out, and the tuts that Softimage and other sites provided were abhorid. I tried learning 3DSMax (and sort of did) from some VTM's on modeling weapons ment to be in Source. That didn't quite work out wellbecause of technical issues with the Max I was using. I really wanted to learn XSI because of it's cleaner looking workflow, but after the impossible 'beginner' tuts and the clean workflow completely confusing, I've given up on XSI for now. I'm in the process of downloading Maya to try it, and am hoping it will be the workflow I can learn with. That said, does anyone have suggestion about which program is better to learn on, and the perks of using one over the other? If anyone knows some great beginner, and I mean beginner tuts for pereferably Maya right now, or XSI/3DSMax? Maby the only reason I can't learn the programs is because all the tutorials I find are not beginner enough? Well, any way, I could use some advice.
Sorry if this is the wrong place, I'll chalk it up to being a noob.
Crappy stuff by me!
- Similar Threads
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Please check it out and drop advice, tell me what I'm doing wrong, and suggest things to learn!!!
Hide this ad by registering as a memberMarch 24th, 2005 #2
There should be some tutorials available with Maya PLE and/or at alias.com
Other places that you may find useful:
Learning-maya.com - links to literally thousands of different Maya related tutorials.
CGTalk.com - Great forum for finding help for most all top 3D and 2D packages
3D-Palace.com - Free and Pay video tutorials for both Max and Maya
SimplyMaya.com - Free and Pay videos and forum for help.
thegnomonworkshop.com - Gnomon's pricey DVD's seem to get great reviews.
A cheaper alternative:
LostPencil.com - $99-111 USD for 15hrs. training on DVD/CD in modeling, texturing, rigging, and animation. Highly recommended.
March 24th, 2005 #3
Im no expert, but as far as i know, its not easier to learn maya over xsi or max. but i`ve heard that the gnomon dvds are supposed to be awesome, so maybe maya might be a bit easier cuz of that.
March 24th, 2005 #4Registered User
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Digital Tutors has basic Maya tutorials.
3dbuzz has tutorials for Maya, Max, XSI and several other programs.
March 28th, 2005 #5Originally Posted by Marked970
Try all the demos and learning editions then pick the one you hate least.
April 22nd, 2011 #6
I had animation as a subject in college for two years. My lecturers were crazy, we started off with Maya. Then we split into two groups, one 3D Studio, one XSI, we all headed back to Maya and then in my second year we switched over to XSI again.
Anyway, they're all kinda hell to on someone who's starting because no matter which program you use, it has more menus and jargon than I could ever make sense of. I suggest you pick a program and stick with it, even if only while you learn the basics of modeling itself, because getting to grips with the program takes you a while.
In class, our first assignment to help us get going was to first model a tractor using ONLY primitives (they are called that, right? It's been a while for me) and deformers. So, the body would be made out of a bunch of cubes, wheels would be rings with tread made out of deformed (slightly twisted) cubes being repeated, etc. It helped us grasp the basics, it was simple enough to not overwhelm us, and we actually made some kick ass tractors using only basic shapes.
April 22nd, 2011 #7
How do people even find these old threads, lol.
April 22nd, 2011 #8"I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer. Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration. I will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain."
--- Frank Herbert, Dune - Bene Gesserit Litany Against Fear
Check out my Sketchbook! Critique and Criticism welcomed.
or my Deviantart!
· or check out my: Blog
April 22nd, 2011 #9
Topic searches, prolly.
I was once on the receiving end of a critique so savagely nasty, I marched straight out of class to the office and changed my major (sketchbook).
April 22nd, 2011 #10
By searching "Posts older than: March 28th, 2005, 07:33 AM"
What would Caravaggio do?
Plein Air
Still Life
Sight Measuring
April 22nd, 2011 #11
I wonder if the OP learned 3D modeling... it's been six years, maybe he is already a professional lol


text:
Teachers' Conference 2012
The third MU Teachers' Conference is set to take place at The Menzies Hotel & Golf Club in Cambridge on 19-20 October.
The conference will run over two days with valuable debate, workshops and networking for MU members who teach. The cost of attending the conference is £60 per delegate, which includes accommodation and meals from Friday lunchtime until Saturday afternoon.
With the new Music Hubs in practice in September, no doubt there will be much to discuss and debate with your fellow peers – an invaluable networking opportunity that you can't afford to miss.
There are 110 delegate places available for MU members and application forms are available to download from the website here:
Please save to your computer before completing this document.
Click here to download the application form.
Alternatively, if you need to receive and application form by post, please call Bindu Paul on 020 7840 5506.
We look forward to seeing you all there.
Posted: May 16, 2012
Categories: Teachers' Section


text:
WHEN it rains in the highlands of Lesotho, villagers living near the giant new Katse reservoir listen for a rumble far more frightening than thunder. It could be another earthquake. After more than a year of tremors, a seismologist from neighbouring South Africa has warned that the filling of the reservoir could trigger a major earthquake in the tiny landlocked kingdom.
Last month, most of the inhabitants of Mapeleng, a village perched on a spur above the east shore of the reservoir, fled after a crack 1.5 kilometres long and up to 7 centimetres wide opened in a fault running through the village.
"There may be much worse to come," says Chris Hartnady of the University of Cape Town's geology department. Mapeleng and other highland villages built close to fault lines are especially vulnerable to quakes, he says.
Lesotho is the source of the giant Orange River. Its headwaters will ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
In considering quality, engagement, and partnerships, I'm really thrilled to be writing about DREAM and TELL!
Developing Reading Education through Arts Methods (DREAM) is a four-year arts integration program funded through the United States Department of Education Office of Innovation and Improvement: Arts in Education Model Development and Dissemination Grant Program.
Theater for English Language Learners (TELL!) is a multi-year project with funding this year from the National Endowment for the Arts, Arts in Education category.
Both programs are partnership programs involving school districts, a university, and professional artists. In this post and my next one, I will describe each of these projects. This one introduces DREAM.
"Some schools don't have what kids need to enjoy school," said Jordan Zavala, 9. "I used to have a hard time reading, but since I've been in Mr. DeLeon's class I've done better because we act out what we learn. It's really been fun." (San Diego Union Tribune 2/10/12)
The DREAM program is a partnership of the San Diego County Office of Education via the North County Professional Development Federation, and Center ARTES at California State University San Marcos.
The program's goal is to train third and fourth grade teachers to use visual arts and theater activities to improve students' reading and language arts skills.
Started in June 2009, the program offers one-week Summer Institutes coupled with coaching by professional artists throughout the year. Ten school districts have had teachers participate in the project, representing 141 teachers and approximately 3,000 students.
Recently, we released results of the DREAM research via national press conference:
- Our research has shown that arts integration is an extremely powerful tool for improving reading.
- Standardized test scores in DREAM have improved by an astonishing 87 points.
- Students beginning the year as the lowest performing students ended the year with the most gains in reading test scores.
- Using theatre to teach literacy is an especially effective instructional tool.
I believe there are three key factors that underlie the quality and success of DREAM. They are:
1. A firm belief that children and teachers capability given the opportunity
2. That the arts are a highly effective tool and/or methodology for engaging learners
3. A team approach to participation, planning, and implementing the program sets the stage for success
Children and Teacher Capability
This research gets at the heart of accountability and children's capability.
Students from 10 school districts were randomly assigned to be in either a control group: teachers who did not receive the DREAM professional development, or to one of two treatment groups: teachers who went to a week long summer institute (only), and teachers who went to the institute and then had an additional 20 hours of coaching by a professional artist who came to their class.
All third grade kids in our research started out on statistical equal footing as measured on the California Standards Test for English Language Arts. The kids in the control group (the group without a DREAM teacher) averaged a 25-point improvement over the year.
The kids in classrooms with the teachers who attended the institute only had an average 41-point improvement. And, the kids in classrooms with teachers who attended the institute and received in class coaching gained the astonishing 87-point improvement.
The DREAM research pointedly reveals how much of an effect arts can have in releasing children's capabilities and potential.
In our research we have also followed kids' transformation into active, engaged, learners—and documented the achievements and reflections of their (in their own words) rejuvenated, inspired, and invested teachers.
This research highlights how the arts can be, and ARE, vital to education.
The arts engage students and teachers and provide a foundation to 21st century skills such as creative, reflective, and critical thinking. The arts open up the natural abilities of children to wonder, to take risks, to feel confident, to be disciplined, and understand that learning is not a simple matter of "either/or" it is (indeed life is) more complex.
The DREAM Team Approach
DREAM Team builds capacity: solid infrastructure, focused planning
Infrastructure: The program is a partnership between the university and the county office enabling good communication and ability to collect data
Planning and reflective practice: The team includes county office staff, university professors in arts and reading, and artists; built into the program is constant reflection and review of practice
Evaluator well educated in Arts Education research: The researcher/evaluator's background not only informs our ability to collect data, but is instrumental in the evaluative process of the project itself.
Providing carefully planned and thoughtful summer institute combined with in-class coaching: Both the summer institute and the coaching are directly linked to the reading texts for the grade levels, state standards in reading, visual arts and theater, and includes instruction on assessment of student learning
Engaging teachers as professionals and treating them with utmost respect: Teachers engage with authors and professional celebrities in arts, and engage in constant reflection via discussions and blogging. We also provide them with a professional setting for learning and provide them with small amenities that go a long way (breakfast, beverages, supplies, nice setting for learning).
Visit our website to view the DREAM video as well as tap into the webcast of the press conference and look for a description of TELL! in my next post.


text:
The cockpit of the HH-1H Huey helicopter was silent as the crew surveyed the steaming hell of ash, gases and volcanic debris below. Mike Cooney, a pararescueman with the Air Force Reserve's elite 304th Rescue Squadron, then based in Portland, knew at once that anyone who had been down there was beyond his help.
For Grover Laseke, the eruption of Mount St. Helens wasn't a spectacle. It was a grueling, dangerous, serious job. Grueling as a trek through ash-blasted wasteland, dangerous as a car crash, serious as a body bag: all part of his job in the days following May 18, 1980.
What Sandy Vaughan found awaiting her at work at 10 p.m. defied logic. "It was a strange, strange feeling," the Vancouver nurse said. "Whoever thought you would be taking care of a volcano victim?


text:
Hartwick Challenge Education Targets Bullying in Local SchoolsMay 17, 2012
By Ryan Townsend '13
Recently, Challenge Education at Hartwick College has expanded programming significantly and added new outreach programs, serving as landmarks in the history of the organization during this 2011-2012 academic year. The organization has been an integral part of the Hartwick community for the past three decades and continues to show that it is dedicated to bettering the college as well as its Oneonta partners.
Challenge Education's Riverside Bullying Mitigation Program is just one of the successful programs underway this spring. Designed specifically for at risk youth and in an attempt to target the increasing bullying problem in our nation, the program works with children at the Riverside Elementary School in Oneonta. Anne Louise Wagner '13 initiated the program after attending a workshop with Rebecca Laders '12 for Youth at Risk last fall. The workshop was hosted by Project Adventure, and after two program sessions, Wagner and Laders were yearning to apply their fresh knowledge to active practice. They decided to collaborate in order to build the Bullying Mitigation Program.
Wagner noted that "Not only are we expanding our client base, but we are also working directly with children who can benefit from these styles. By helping children who are dealing with a lot, and in an effort to break the stereotypes of Oneonta and look at the realities of life, we are providing invaluable opportunities."
Designed to engage, inform, and reinforce what the students are learning, the Bullying Mitigation Program is split into five sequenced day programs (four half-day programs and one final full day program). In this way, the facilitators have been able to establish a foundation for the entire sequence, and are then able to continue to apply the taught materials in various ways, encouraging exponential growth and awareness.
Working together, Wagner and Laders established an embedded theme, "Small Pieces Being Part of a Bigger Whole", in order to create a cohesive thread through the sequenced days. Smaller topics such as "Respect," "Walking in Other People's Shoes," and "Voicing Needs" are also incorporated and applied. Laders highlighted that "We are trying to get the students to all work together, to be on the same page about these topics, and they're doing a great job."
Brad Zeh, a 5th grade teacher at Riverside working with the Bullying Mitigation Program, pointed out that "Becca and Anne Louise are excellent with the students. They both take time after each activity to elicit what the kids observed during the activities and how they relate to real-life bullying situations. The time we are scheduled each week works great because the kids go to lunch and recess after and can put some of their new skills to work immediately."
"Sometimes they don't always get the activities," Laders expressed, "but then when we debrief, they explain what they thought we were doing and why. This confirms that they're getting it, and we're doing what we've set out to do."
With effort from all those involved, the program is being funded by an Arts in Education Grant through the Catskill Regional Teachers Center. Its success will maintain a legacy for not only Challenge Education, but Hartwick College as well.
"Adventure education has many applications," noted Seth Lucas '10, coordinator of Challenge Education, "and I'm very excited to see college students engaging with members of the community to do good work."
View a slideshow of photos from the Riverside Bullying Mitigation Program.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Hartwick College is a private liberal arts and sciences college of 1,500 students, located in Oneonta, NY, in the northern foothills of the Catskill Mountains. Hartwick's expansive curriculum emphasizes a uniquely experiential approach to the liberal arts. Through personalized teaching, collaborative research, a unique January Term, a wide range of internships, and vast study-abroad opportunities, Hartwick ensures that students are prepared for the world ahead. A Three-Year Bachelor's Degree Program and strong financial aid and scholarship offerings keep a Hartwick education affordable
Contact: Christopher Lott
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 607-431-4030


text:
Survival of the gutless? Filter-feeders eject internal organs in response to stress
The vast range of regenerative powers within the animal kingdom has fascinated scientists since the early 18th century. From hydras to planarians and geckos, the remarkable ability of certain species to regrow ...
Jun 23, 2015
35 0


text:
1. Who is Jacob, the character introduced in the prologue?
(a) A circus performer.
(b) A doctor.
(c) A cook.
(d) A circus workman.
2. Where is Jacob at the beginning of his circus memories?
(a) In the menagerie tent of a circus.
(b) In the big top watching a circus.
(c) In the train belonging to a circus.
(d) In the cookhouse of a circus.
3. What song does Jacob hear being played as the stampede begins?
(a) God Bless America
(b) Stars and Stripes Forever
(c) America the Beautiful
(d) God Bless the Queen
4. What is Jacob doing just before the stampede begins?
(a) Sleeping
(b) Eating
(c) Reading
(d) Caring for animals
5. Where does Jacob go when he hears the music change?
(a) Jacob runs away from the big top
(b) Jacob rushes to the big top
(c) Jacob rushes to the train
(d) Jacob runs toward town
6. What is Jacob told as he runs toward the big top?
(a) Jacob is told August is looking for him
(b) Jacob is told the police are raiding the train
(c) Jacob is told Marlena has been injured
(d) Jacob is told the animals are stampeding
(read all 180 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers)
This section contains 5,441 words
(approx. 19 pages at 300 words per page)


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BARCELONA, Spain -- The shoe wars erupted before a TV audience of 3 billion people. And it looks like Nike won. Or, at least, Michael Jordan did.
Jordan, the centerpiece of Nike's promotional efforts, had balked at wearing the official United States Olympic Committee awards-ceremony uniform, which was made by Reebok and featured a Reebok patch on the right shoulder.


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For once I wholeheartedly agree with anti-Catholic apologist Eric Svendsen (one of my very harshest critics); except for the word "hate," which I almost always think is too strong and inappropriate in all but the most extreme situations. Of course, this observation will be greeted by his cohorts as profundity and proof of the worth of his own ministry.
But (dare I say this?) when I express similar things about ludicrous attacks coming my way (and it is rather obvious that I have been personally attacked -- especially in the last year -- as much as Svendsen or James White or any other apologist I know: Catholic or Protestant), it is "proof" that I am filled with pride, utterly lacking in humility, a narcissist, suffering from a persecution complex, etc. In any event, apart from that curious double standard (not to mention also that Svendsen himself engages in the much the same kind of personal attacks that he decries when others do it to him) and the "hate" rhetoric, the following observations are dead on:
The God of All Comfort
. . . Defending the faith can be a thankless, discouraging job. The people who happen to disagree with your views somehow feel at liberty to engage in hate-fests against you personally. To respond back only incites them further in a never-ending and futile attempt to get them to read your views rightly (gasp!) rather than constantly distort them as they always do. . . .
"If the world hates you, keep in mind that it hated me first. If you belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is why the world hates you." John 15:18-20
Indeed, the "world" in many of these instances refers not to the secular world at large, but to the religious world. . . .
"Blessed are you when men hate you, and ostracize you, and insult you, and scorn your name as evil, for the sake of the Son of Man. Be glad in that day and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven. For in the same way their fathers used to treat the prophets." Luke 6:22.
I was going to respond to the grossly uninformed hate-fest that is taking place against me at the Crowhill discussion forum--where both Roman Catholics and Roman Catholic wannabees are dining sumptuously on slander and gossip--but Pedantic Protestant beat me to it.
Having been subject myself to a huge "slander-thread" filled with personal attacks, on the same board, some months ago (led by an Orthodox polemicist who goes by "Nevski", who thinks I don't work for a living and pretend to be a scholar when I am not), I'm curious as to what is taking place over at the Crowhill board. Let's go look (c'mon over there with me). If Svendsen is being lied about the way, for example, that James White is often ridiculously lied about and slandered by some Catholics (as if he is the devil incarnate and drinks bat's blood every night), I will defend him too (just as I did, James White). It doesn't matter to me what Svendsen thinks of me. If something is wrong, it's wrong, and ought to be condemned.
So what do we find? First, "dormitantius" ("Moderator" no less! Catholic):
And a little child (Eric Svensen) shall lead them, right? Not quite; Svensen is just too goofy to be taken seriously.
[mere ridicule and character-assassination rather than argument]
Then, "Retro Rosco III" (Anglican, I believe)
. . . folks like White and Svendsen . . . I'd wager that there is more idolatry and works-righteousness in their system than one could ever dream of in Rome. Why should anyone ever take them seriously?
[ditto; also, we shouldn't be accusing others of Pelagianism and idolatry when we Catholics and Anglicans are often falsely accused of the same]
. . . For example, I think the evidence is overwhelming that because of their views on baptism (not to mention communion) White and Svendsen's claims to unhold the soteriology of the reformers is "untenable." They clearly have another Gospel.
[Baptist soteriology is different; yes, but this is an erroneous definition of the gospel, which, biblically speaking, is (literally) the "Good News": the life, death, atonement and propitiatory sacrifice for our redemption on the cross, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus, not fine-tuned soteriological theology]
. . . he not only has betrayed the Reformation, but he is not even a orthodox christian in the most basic sense (i.e. affirming the Incarnation and the Trinity).
[I have little patience for Svendsen's errors, especially about the Blessed Virgin Mary, and (of course) his anti-Catholicism, but this goes way too far. He affirms the Incarnation and Trinity, even though there might be some quasi-Nestorianism* there, from what I have seen. Let's have some semblance of accuracy and fairness to theological opponents, for heaven's sake!]
*"Jesus is both God and man; therefore, we must use the proposition some of Jesus is God....Mary cannot be said to be the mother of all of Jesus, but only of his humanity...Mary is the mother of some of Jesus; for Mary could very well be (and indeed is) mother of only the non-God part of Jesus....The fallacy again lies in not making the proper distinction between the humanity and deity of Christ. No one in the first century worshiped the body of Christ per se, but rather the person of Christ who happened to be embodied...." (Eric Svendsen: Evangelical Answers, pp. 179, 242 --- Svendsen defender John Bugay replies: "This quote is an accurate quote, but it is taken within the context of a 'logic exercise.' And as I pointed out, he apologizes for using such terms as 'some of Jesus.' " -- [7-5-05])
"Quickbeam of fangorn" (Catholic) then writes concerning the last quote: "I have to agree with your post."
Quickbeam: "If he rejects them [statements on the Theotokos] he is not a christian." (7-5-05)
Retro Rosco III: "Well, at a minimum the phrase 'some of Jesus is God' is bad logic, even in a 'logic exercise.' If he affirms the phrase as true, QB is right, he simply isn't a christian. And if he has to apologize for such terms, why did he use them in the first place? . . . a heretic by the standards of basic christian orthodoxy . . . And not just heresy by the standards of Catholicism, but of Classical Protestantism as well.." (7-5-05)
[I submit that Svendsen's problem is not that he isn't a Christian, but that (perhaps due to reflexive anti-Catholicism) he doesn't properly understand the notion of the Theotokos and fine points of orthodox Christology, or else doesn't know how to write about it without lapsing into unintended serious heresy, or at least what might be understandably interpreted as prima facie heresy. this was true of some orthodox Church Fathers, and even popes at times (such as Honorius). It is indeed possible that he has strayed far enough to be considered a Christological heretic (anything's possible for us fallen men), but to publicly question even whether he is a Christian at this point is, in my opinion, a rather rash judgment, to put it mildly]
Sadly, this is a typical three-days' work in character assassination and slander on an Internet Discussion board, which is why I have participated virtually nil on any board (Catholic, Protestant, or Rastafarian) for coming up to two years now. It happens on all sides, and we should condemn it on all sides. Only when folks start protesting against lack of charity and fairness to opponents amongst their own parties can we hope that anything will substantially change on Internet discussion boards.


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The group reported a 39% rise in first-half pre-tax profit to £123.7 million. Finance director Martin Griffiths, who will replace Sir Brian Souter as chief executive next year, said the Department for Transport should continue the franchising process, with 15 contracts due to expire over the next six years.
Page 32


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LG to release their 15" OLED TV in Europe in May for 1999 euro
LG Electronics announced today that they will release their EL9500 15" OLED TV in May in Europe. It will cost 1999 euro ($2700) - similar to the cost in Korea. The 15" panel has 1366x768 resolution and is only 1.7mm thick.
Via LGE Austria
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|Mackenzie Kitchel Bio
Courtesy: Ball State Athletics
Release: 08/21/2013
- - Career Stats in PDF Format
2013 (R-Fr.): Earned first letter at Ball State … played in 24 matches, earning five starts, to help Ball State claim a share of the Mid-American Conference West Division title … played in 66 of a possible 116 sets … suffered a season-ending injury in the first set versus Bowling Green (Oct. 25) … smashed double-digit kills in five matches … posted a career-best 17 kills versus IUPUI (Sept. 17) … collected 14 kills versus Western Illinois (Sept. 13) and at Ohio (Oct. 19) … also hit a season-best .379 (14-3-29) and logged career-bests of three solo blocks and five total blocks in the match versus WIU … recorded at least on kill in 21 matches … tallied at least one block in 15 matches.
PREP CAREER: Earned four letters in volleyball at Center Grove High School for coaches Deb McClurg (2008-10) and Julie Hammill (2011) … helped guide the Trojans to a 14-14 overall record her senior season by blasting 399 kills for a 4.11 kills-per-set average … also hit .295 as a senior, while posting 237 digs, 53 service aces and 52 total blocks … named to the Indiana Coaches of Girls Sports Association First Team All-State squad as a senior, while also earning ICGSA Senior All-State honors ... named South Player of the Year and Johnson County Player of the Year her junior year ... named ICGSA First Team All-State and Junior All-Star her junior year ... also a member of the varsity track team in 2009 and 2010 in the high jumping event … played Junior Olympic volleyball for Team Indiana … helped the squad place third at the AAU National Championship in 2009.
PERSONAL: Maintains a 3.390 grade-point average as a communication studies major … born April 1, 1994 in West Chester, Ohio … daughter of Ted and Kristi Kitchel … has two brothers, Tyler and Scott … her father Ted was a basketball player at Indiana … her mother Kristi was a member of the diving team at UNLV … full name is Mackenzie Dalyn Kitchel.


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James W. Marshall discovered gold in the American River on January 24, 1848, and less than a month later, according to early pioneer William Heath Davis, the brig "Eagle" brought two Chinese men and one woman to California. Others appear to have come even earlier. In 1849 three hundred Chinese reached the "Golden Mountains," and in 1850 forty-four ships are said to have brought almost 500 Asians to the state. The census that the state took in 1852 only reported the Chinese populations of Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, and Yuba counties. These figures totaled 9,809. The approximately 20,000 Chinese immigrants who arrived later in 1852 helped swell California's overall population to more than 200,000.
In May 1851, the
San Francisco
Alta California
called the Chinese "industrious, quiet, and patient," and predicted that "it may not be many years before the halls of Congress are graced by the presence of a long-queued Mandarin sitting, voting, and speaking beside a don from Santa Fe and a Kanaker from Hawaii." The newspaper also noted that a few of the Chinese had applied for citizenship and observed that "The China Boys" will yet vote at the same polls, study at the same schools, and bow at the same altar as our countrymen."
California's mines exerted the same pull on the Chinese as they did on other Argonauts who rushed to make a quick stake and return home. Constant pressure of population together with glowing reports of California's opportunities provided the most important reasons for Chinese immigration. The people were poor and found land at home difficult to buy and expensive to rent. In California they might find not only gold, but also work in many other fields as well. Nevertheless, the average Chinese immigrant's ties to his homeland were so strong that many years passed before the
's prophecies came true. In March1790 Congress had restricted citizenship to free white persons. Even if citizenship had been available to them, however, very few Chinese would have taken so drastic a step.
Nearly 5,000,000 Irish, German, and Scandinavian immigrants came to the United States in the thirty years between 1830 and 1860. In age and class, the Chinese resembled the European agricultural immigrants. Although a third to a half of the Chinese were married, most did not bring their wives with them in deference to tradition and because they expected to return home. This decision immediately established a pattern with far-reaching effects on the Chinese in California and other parts of the United States.
The Chinese immigrants were not from the poorest economic group in their country, and some of them (the exact number is difficult to determine) were literate. The great majority of the Chinese who immigrated to California came from a few agricultural districts in Kwantung province, most of them west and southwest of Canton, the capital city. San Franciscans welcomed the Asians as laundrymen, domestic servants, cooks, and gardeners. In the mining areas, however, the Chinese received a more hostile reception because the miners saw them as substitutes for the slaves they had driven from the diggings.
Chinese miners often had to be satisfied with claims other prospectors had abandoned as hopeless; when the Chinese profited from such claims through patient, hard work they only increased white hostility. In an age when murder of white men frequently occurred, Indians and Chinese often met the same fate. White miners drove them from their claims, burned their cabins, robbed, and assaulted them. Usually the Chinese avoided fighting back. In 1861, Andrew Wilson, who had recently left the editorship of the Hong Kong
China Mail
, observed about the Chinese "Their timidity and aversion to fighting is one reason why they are despised in a new country, where personal courage is of so much importance and is so highly valued." In addition, since 1854 the Chinese had found court action beyond their power because a State Supreme Court ruling classified them as the same race as Indians. Therefore, according to statutes of 1850 and 1851 that excluded blacks and Indians from giving testimony in cases involving whites, they also were excluded from this right. Unless a white witness was present to testify for a Chinese person, assailants enjoyed freedom to be as violent as they wanted.
Anti-Chinese feeling in California was a mixture of economic, racial, social, political, moral, and religious factors. Many Californians disparaged the Chinese for what they believed to be their habits and customs, for their clannishness, "heathenism," way of life, and most of call, for their frugality and willingness to work hard for low wages. "It was admitted on all sides," the editors of the
Annals of San Francisco
wrote in 1854, "that the Chinese were naturally an inferior race, both mentally and corporeally, while their personal habits and manner of living were peculiarly repulsive to Americans."
From their clothing (typically, cotton pants and loose over shirt, flat black hat or cap) to their queues, gambling, and opium smoking, the Chinese stood out even in California's diverse population. They lived together in Chinese mining camps (and later in Chinatowns), at first from choice and then because they had no choice. But they were not eager to change their ways for American ways. From Indian Bar, Louise Clappe wrote to her sister, "We labor under great disadvantages in the judgment of foreigners." Indeed, what most Americans came to believe about the Chinese contained little foundation of knowledge concerning their cultural, social, or political history. Understanding became frozen at the laundryman or opium smoker level for many years, and feelings about the Chinese showed strong contradictions depending upon whether the individual or group saw them as economically advantageous or threatening.
Politicians revealed these contradictions as they tried to please their constituents or weighed the value of trade with Asia against what they believed to be the perils of cheap labor. Early in 1850, for example, Whig Assemblyman George B. Tingley (Sacramento) suggested excluding all foreigners from the mines because Californians might need all the gold they mined in the event of war with another country. He also did not want to see white laborers put in competition with the "Mexican peon, Chilian slave, or Sandwich Island serf." In any case, he thought that the foreigners in California were "Devoid of intelligence sufficient to appreciate the true principles of a free form of government; vicious, indolent, and dishonest, to an extent rendering them obnoxious to our citizens." Further, they exhibited "habits of life low and degraded; an intellect but one degree above the beast of the field, and . . . all these things combined render such classes of human beings a curse to any enlightened community."
But only two years later Tingley, now a state senator representing Santa Clara and Contra Costa, introduced a bill to legalize the enforcement of contracts enabling Chinese laborers to sell their services to employers for periods of ten years or less at fixed wages. When a similar measure actually passed the Assembly, the public reacted strongly against it. In a minority report on the Tingley bill, Democratic Senator Philip A. Roach (Santa Cruz, Monterey) warned "a ruinous competition should not be forced upon the people of the State, by bringing servile labor to contend against the interest of our own working class." Roach recognized the need for cheap labor for the draining of swamps and the raising of rice and other crops. Thus he took a compromise approach and suggested that it should "only be lawful to employ such laborers in industrial pursuits not followed by our people."
Other aspects of Chinese immigration troubled Roach, who had been born in Ireland in 1820 and arrived in California in 1849. Roach suspected the Chinese authorities of sending their criminal population, saying, "A government as skilled in tact as is that of the Chinese Empire, could not fail to perceive the advantage of permitting its criminals to emigrate; for it could raise an immense revenue from the exit and relieve the treasury of the burthen [
] of their support." Roach, a leader in the Chinese exclusion movement for the next thirty years, also warned against what he thought miscegenation might bring: "In connection with this emigration, however, it might be proper to consider the physical effects of the commingling of the people of Asia, Africa and Europe. Some hybrid races are very short lived—others are subject to diseases of the blood—and others still to diseases of the mind." Furthermore, Roach said, "With a population of so mixed a character, exposed to influences we cannot yet properly appreciate: we might permit to germ [
] a pestilence as foul as the leprosy or the plague, with the howlings of insanity to devastate the land." The legislature quickly shelved the "coolie" bills, and soon after the Committee on Mines and Mining Interests called the concentration of Asiatic races in the state "evil" and predicted that "The time is not far distant when absolute prohibition of entry will be necessary for our protection."
In California, the white population's fears fluctuated with the annual Chinese immigration and with the current job market. During the years of low Chinese immigration, anti-Chinese feeling receded. But if 20,000 arrived, as they did in 1852, or 16,000 in 1854, or 14,000 in 1869, then animosity flared again. The politicians were quick to assess the public mood for political purposes. On April 23, 1852, Democratic Governor John Bigler responded to the Tingley bill with a special message to the Senate and Assembly on Asiatic immigration. Bigler told the legislators he was convinced that "in order to enhance the prosperity and to preserve the tranquility of the state," measures would have to be adopted to "check this tide of Asiatic immigration." The Chinese should be prevented from exploiting the state's "precious metals, which they dig up from our soil without charge, and without assuming any of the obligations imposed upon citizens."
Bigler also asked the legislature to consider using its taxing power to limit Asiatic immigration. In 1850 the legislature actually enacted a foreign miners' license tax at the suggestion of Democratic Senator Thomas Jefferson Green. As chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Green needed revenue for the bankrupt state treasury. He thought that cheap foreign labor could supply the state's needs and enrich the treasury at the same time. But the $20 monthly tax enacted in 1850 proved to be too high and drove so many foreigners from the mines that American merchants protested the loss of profits.
As a result, the legislature repealed the tax in 1851 and then re-enacted it in 1852, setting the amount at $3.00 a month. In 1853 the legislators raised the tax to $4.00; more significantly, they published the tax bill in Chinese and distributed it widely. In 1855 another bill exempted from the tax naturalized foreigners and foreigners who declared their intention to become naturalized. Since the legislators at this time did not consider exclusion either practical or desirable, they decided on a policy of exploitation directed at the Chinese. Both state and county treasuries came to rely heavily on the tax money. The tax proved to be a successful source, bringing in nearly one quarter of the state's entire revenue between 1850 and 1870 when the state Supreme Court finally declared it unconstitutional.
Nevertheless, the Whig element of the legislature did not intend to ignore the lucrative trade possibilities with China and other parts of the Far East. Responding to Bigler's message, a Senate committee worried that anti-Chinese legislation might "retard, if not prevent, the realization of our sanguine expectations of becoming the medium through which not only America, but Europe will continue that commercial intercourse which has ever been a source of wealth to those nations which have been engaged in it." Although deeply disturbed by the "threatening hordes" arriving daily, the senators said, "Your Committee would not recommend the adoption of any policy which could disturb the harmonious commercial relations now so happily existing between the country and China." Writing in a similar vein in 1853, Whig Assemblyman T.T. Cabaniss of Shasta County reminded his fellow legislators that the policy of the United States was to obtain a monopoly of the East Indian trade. In 1856 a committee composed of two Democrats and an American Party member bluntly expressed the heart of the Democratic position, saying, "We would remove every unnecessary restriction upon the trade between [the United States and China]. We desire their
—we desire to monopolize their
—but we do not want
." Plainly, conflicting interests affected both legislators and their constituents and continued to do so for many years.
In his message on Asiatic immigration, Governor Bigler touched upon another grievance against the Chinese when he said, "I have mentioned in the preceding portion of this communication, that numbers of Asiatics have been and are being sent here, under contracts to labor for a term of years in our mines at nominal wages, and their families have been retained as hostages for the faithful performance of the contracts." Bigler struck a sensitive nerve with this sentence because much white indignation over the Tingley bill focused on the method by which the Chinese came to California, a variant of the indenture system used by Englishmen two centuries earlier. In the middle 1800s a thriving trade arose in laborers kidnapped from China and shipped to Cuba and South America. These men were held under labor contracts closely resembling slavery. The word "coolie" alone was enough to arouse resentment in whites. The word may have come from
meaning muscle in Tamil, a language of the Coromandel Coast of southern India. Some Californians believed the Chinese immigrants in their state were slave or "coolie" laborers.
Many Chinese did come to California by contracting to pay for their passage by the "credit ticket" system. Some borrowed from relatives; others obtained money from passage brokers in Canton and Hong Kong, either without security but at high interest rates, or on the security of relatives. In 1853 four directors of the Chinese Benevolent Association told the Assembly Committee on Mines and Mining Interests that a large majority of the Chinese came as their own masters and with their own means. Others, they said, borrowed money, some pledging their children as slaves. The directors stated that some contract labor had been used at first, but then abandoned as unprofitable, probably because it was not suited to the shifting pattern of work in the mines. Nonetheless, entrepreneurs from time to time recruited large groups of Chinese for work on the railroads, for factory owners, and for farmers. In 1869 San Francisco importer Cornelius Koopmanschap told a convention of Southern planters investigating the use of Chinese labor that he had brought 30,000 Chinese to California.
The questions that have not been satisfactorily answered are what percentage of the Chinese came as independent laborers, what number came in organized groups, and whether these groups were pledged to work for stated lengths of time or simply for the duration of a particular job. The types of work into which the Chinese moved, such as laundry, restaurant, and domestic work suggest an independence inconsistent with contract labor. Also considerable evidence exists for independence in the gradual movement of the Chinese into skilled trades, and in their desire to improve the wages paid to them. "The grand complaint raised against the Chinese is," Andrew Wilson wrote in 1861, "that they are most of them coolies held to servitude—in fact slaves, who unfairly compete with free labour; but I could find no ground for this allegation." In 1862 a joint select committee of the California legislature reported that it was satisfied that there was "no system of slavery or coolieism amongst the Chinese in this State." The committee also mentioned that the Chinese leaders had furnished a list of "eighty-eight Chinamen who are known to have been murdered by white people, eleven of which number are known to have been murdered by Collectors of Foreign Miner's License Tax—sworn officers of the law." The committee admitted that the number of murders cited was probably lower than the actual figure and added, "It is a well-known fact that there has been a whole-sale system of wrong and outrage practiced upon the Chinese population of the State, which would disgrace the most barbarous nation upon earth."
Indeed, the Chinese in California soon found that they needed an organization to help them in their new life. The Chinese government lacked consulates in the United States, and as a result a leadership vacuum developed. In 1851 a group of Chinese formed the Kong Chow association, a district organization that included all the Cantonese from six of the seventy-two districts or counties of Kwangtung province. By 1854 six district organizations representing fifteen counties had been formed. Five of these district organizations in turn made up the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, which Americans first called the "Five Companies," and later the "Six Companies." With the help of lawyers, the association continually battled city, state, and federal laws designed to restrict the civil rights of the Chinese in California.
This organization, a type of coordinating council for the Chinese in California, acted as an employment agency, boarding house, census taker, and debt collector. The Six Companies also provided hospital care, legal counsel, and police services. In addition, it was responsible for shipping deceased Chinese back to China for final burial. As an information bureau and refuge for new immigrants and a social club for Chinese in town between jobs, the organization was almost indispensable. Each member paid a departure fee when he returned to China and a registration fee to help defray the organization's costs. No Chinese person was allowed to leave for China without a clearance from the Six Companies stating that he had no outstanding debts, including, of course, borrowed passage money. Writing in 1868, Reverend Augustus W. Loomis, a prominent Presbyterian minister engaged in Chinese missionary work in San Francisco, reported that some Chinese complained that the Six Companies' assessments were so high they prevented many Chinese from returning to their homeland. In the hands of powerful men the system could be subject to abuse and to corruption, and many Chinese found that the debt-bondage system kept them in California far longer than they ever expected to stay.
Of those who returned to China, many came back to California again, some bringing their families with them, but most returning alone to continue their lives as sojourners. The reluctance to allow Chinese women to leave their country, together with the tradition that a wife should remain to perform the burial and mourning rites for parents, prevented the Chinese from establishing families in the United States. Until the trade in Chinese prostitutes ended in 1925, many of the women who came to California only furnished more ammunition for the anti-Chinese forces clamoring for exclusion. Arrests of prostitutes formed the highest percentage of San Francisco's Chinatown crime between 1850 and 1870. Control of the profits from prostitution, narcotics, and gambling laid the basis for the vicious tong wars that made lurid headlines in newspapers during the 1880s and 1890s. The most serious social problem of Chinese men in the United States was the lack of women in their society.
An idea of the imbalance between men and women can be seen from the ratio of Chinese males to one hundred Chinese females: 1,858 in 1860; 1,284 in 1870, and 2,106 in 1880. During the period of unrestricted immigration, 1850 to 1882, only 8,848 Chinese women came to the United States. During the same period, over 100,000 men reached America. Many women died, however, and others returned to China; by 1890 only 3,868 women still remained in the country. Chinese women did not begin to approximate the number of Chinese men in the country until the middle of the twentieth century.
For both sexes and for many years, the life decisions resulting from adherence to tradition and custom disrupted families, delayed assimilation, and prevented the establishment of a substantial second generation. In 1890, for example, the Chinese born in America made up only 2.7 per cent of the total Chinese population. Immigrants who brought their families with them, or who had families soon after they arrived, established ties with their new communities more quickly than others. Chinese allegiance tended to stay with Chinese organizations and with Chinatown. Meanwhile, most Americans viewed the Chinese male-female imbalance as a problem in morality, instead of attempting to understand its underlying causes, which were Chinese tradition and later, America's restrictive immigration laws.
The fact that most of the Chinese who came to California were single males, or at least appeared to have no families, was another strike against them as far as white workers were concerned because it meant that the Chinese could afford to accept lower wages. Nevertheless, the Chinese, who had a long tradition of guild organization, were just as eager to upgrade their earning power as the whites. Before 1868, employers in general paid Chinese workers approximately $30 a month. One of the reasons for the renewed agitation against the Chinese in the late 1860s and early 1870s, after a period of relative calm, was the upward trend of Chinese wages. In the matter of wages, the Asians could not be right. If Chinese wages were low, the whites accused the Chinese of debasing labor; if the wages were high, workers criticized employers for paying the Chinese salaries approaching those paid to whites.
The Central Pacific Railroad at first paid its Chinese workers $30 a month, and they housed and fed themselves. White workers received $30 a month as well as board and lodging. In 1867 the Chinese struck the railroad and won a $4.00 raise. After 1868 their earnings in other fields went up as well, and employers paid them $1.75 to $2.00 a day for skilled labor and $1.50 for unskilled work. White workers who were paid daily received more. For example, blacksmiths earned from $2 to $4 a day, boilermakers received $3 to $4, and bricklayers $5 to $6.
As a result of the decline of placer mining, after 1863 about 10,000 Chinese left the mines in the following five years. Some went back to China—between 1864 and 1867 more Chinese left California than arrived in the state. The majority of the ex-miners from Placer, Amador, and El Dorado counties, however, went to work on the Central Pacific Railroad. Charles Crocker hired the first Chinese in 1865, and he estimated that the railway at times employed 8,000 to 10,000 Chinese working on the line. Not more than 35 per cent of these men were newcomers; the remainders were Chinese who had lived in the state for some years. As they moved from the mines into railroad building and other occupations, white workers responded with fear and in 1866 and 1867 they formed numerous anti-coolie clubs united under a state organization. During an 1870 parade and mass meeting, labor organizations declared their purpose was to exclude the Chinese from California.
By 1869 the Chinese had found places in a number of different economic areas including agriculture, manufacturing, industry, and service trades. They fished, gardened,
Chinese Railroad Workers at Secret Town Trestle
Sierra Nevada
(Courtesy of the California State Library)
raised fruit, cleared land, cut wood, worked in dairies, and on hop plantations. In addition they labored in wool and shoe factories, knitting mills, and clothing, cigar, and cigarette factories. They were laundrymen, houseboys, coal heavers, cabin servants, sailors, and laborers of all kinds. One of the most basic of white labor's complaints against the Chinese was that they were, if anything, too efficient and too hardworking. Even San Franciscan Frank M. Pixley, one of the most hostile witnesses to testify at the Congressional investigation of Chinese immigration in 1876, admitted, "many of them are most excellent and good laborers." Pixley also acknowledged that the Chinese came to California voluntarily and if they came under labor contracts they did so voluntarily.
Their qualities as workers, combined with their relative cheapness, made the Chinese favorites of California's manufacturers and farmers. The wealthier classes welcomed them as cooks and houseboys, especially as female labor was scarce during California's early years as a state. Together with Christian missionaries, employers and manufacturers formed the strongest pro-Chinese group in the state, followed by shipping interests and importers. Groups favorable to the Chinese said that they worked only at those trades and in those occupations that white labor avoided. Thus, they argued, the low wages of the Chinese did not affect the salaries or working conditions of the whites. They also pointed out that the Chinese provided labor for agriculture and for the many construction needs of the state such as the building of roads, levees, and canals. The 1862 California Senate and Assembly report on Chinese population stated: "If a partial Providence has endowed us with ten talents, let us use them to gain other ten; and let us infuse into our benighted neighbors the blessings of that higher and purer civilization which we feel we were destined to establish over the whole earth."
In some instances white labor's concern about Chinese competition was emotional and anticipatory. For example, the leaders and followers in the anti-Chinese movement of 1867 did not compete directly with Chinese workers. At a meeting of the Anti-Coolie Association on March 6, 1867, the men present, with the exception of the cigar makers and shoemakers, did not vie for jobs with Asians. They were wine merchants, ship carpenters, plumbers, masons, boilermakers, and lumbermen. From the beginning, skilled laborers and non-factory workers led the anti-Chinese movement in the cities. Some of them had no immediate reason to fear Chinese competition, but evidently thought that because the Chinese had entered so many other fields, they might soon be moving into their occupations.
During the winter of 1867, white workers moved decisively to exclude Chinese laborers from construction work in San Francisco. The incident involved 400 white workingmen who attacked a group of Chinese excavating for a street railway. The crowd stoned the Chinese, injuring several, and burned their huts. Although the Chinese resumed work on this project, there is little reference to subsequent construction work by Chinese laborers in San Francisco, either skilled or unskilled. In California's rural areas, however, the Chinese continued work in heavy construction for another 20 years.
Many Californians assumed that the state had only a single market, but several markets actually existed at the same time. These labor markets did not compete directly with each other. By 1869 Chinese labor was concentrated in the low-price, low-wage fields, primarily in agriculture and in industries competing with imports from out of the state. A majority of the white workers were in the high-wage, high-price fields and in non-import competing industries. Nonetheless, whites accused the Chinese of monopolizing certain industries and, when economic depressions struck, of being their prime cause.
With their railroad-acquired skill in blasting, the Chinese offered real competition to whites in the quartz mines. They also competed with white women, especially in the textile industries and particularly during times of depression. Asian and Irish domestic workers also vied for work, again especially during a depression. In manufacturing the Chinese competed with white manufacturers making cheap goods like cigars and shoes. White manufacturers of more expensive goods competed with eastern companies and for the most part encountered difficulty in meeting their prices. The problems of manufacturers, both Chinese and white, in the late 1860s and early 1870s, had more to do with the need to change from the "sweatshop" to a factory organization than with Chinese versus white labor.
Before 1867 a chronic labor shortage existed in California. This situation changed between 1869 and 1874, however, as both Chinese and white immigration increased. From November 1868 until April 1869, large groups of unemployed men gathered in the cities and formed the nucleus of discontent against the Chinese. Irish-Americans formed the vanguard of the anti-Chinese movement in the cities. Having borne the brunt of nativism and prejudice in the East, they were quick to find their own scapegoats in the competent Chinese. The Irish held one strong trump card—the vote—and in union with the German-American bloc, they began to apply political pressure in earnest during the 1860s and 1870s.
As the Chinese became the most important issue in state politics, candidates of all parties had to take this pressure into account. The strong labor movement in San Francisco meant that the city's vote determined state elections and influenced national elections as well, especially when presidential elections were close. The anti-Chinese vote could not be ignored because California's electoral votes combined with those of Washington and Oregon could give the presidency to the political party that made the most convincing promises to exclude the Chinese from the nation. During the 1860s the Chinese "question" became entangled with the black "question" as Americans struggled with the issue of voting rights for the freedmen.
Notes: Chapter II
William Heath Davis,
Seventy-Five Years in California
(San Francisco: John Howell, 1929), 338; Ping Chiu,
Chinese Labor in California, 1850-1880
(Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the Department of History, University of Wisconsin, 1963), 13; Mary Roberts Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
(New York: Arno Press, 1969; lst. ed., 1909), 17, 498; James J. Rawls and Walton Bean,
California, An Interpretive History
(New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993), 146; Elmer C. Sandmeyer,
The Anti-Chinese Movement in California
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1939), 12. Sandmeyer points out the difficulty in estimating the number of Chinese in California in the early years. See pages 16-17; California, Senate
and Appendix, Document 14, 4
Sess., 1853,
Governor's Message and Report of the Secretary of State on the Census of 1852, of the State of California,
7, 29-31, 55, 57. El Dorado County was presumed to have 40,000 inhabitants; with this estimate added to the total California population, the state was reported to have an entire population of 264,435.
San Francisco Daily Alta California
, May 12, 1851, p. 2, col. 3.
Dr. Ping Chiu, personal interview by Sheila Skjeie, Dec. 2 and 9, 1971, Sacramento, California; Sucheng Chan,
This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986), 19-20; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 14; Richard H. Dillon,
The Hatchet Men: The Story of the Tong Wars in San Francisco's Chinatown
(New York: Coward-McCann, 1962), 14-15; U.S., Congress, Immigration Act of March 26, 1790.
Leon F. Litwack,
North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), 162; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 18,21; Esther Baldwin,
Must the Chinese Go?
(New York: H.B. Elkins Press, 1890), 14-15; Stanford M. Lyman, "Strangers in the Cities," in Charles Wollenberg, ed.,
Ethnic Conflict in California History
, (Los Angeles: Tinnon-Brown, Inc., 1970), 83-85; Philip H. Choy, "Golden Mountain of Lead: The Chinese Experience in California,"
California Historical Quarterly
, 50 (September, 1971), 270-271. A more recent view cites later research stating that more Chinese women accompanied their husbands to California and the United States than has been recognized by Coolidge, Lyman, or Sandmeyer. See George Anthony Feffer, "From Under the Sojourner's Shadow: A Historiographical Study of Chinese Female Immigration to America, 1852-1882" in the
Journal of American Ethnic History
, Spring 1992, Vol. 11, Issue 3.
This Bittersweet Soil
, 16-18; Dr. Ping Chiu, personal interview by Sheila Skjeie, Dec. 9, 1971, Sacramento, California; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 19-21, 23, 25; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 25-26.
Sacramento Daily Union
, Aug. 14, 1869, p. 4, col. 3; Rodman W. Paul, "The Origin of the Chinese Issue in California,"
Mississippi Valley Historical Review
, 25 (September 1938), 185; Lyman, "Strangers," 72; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 255-256, 258; Ira B. Cross,
A History of the Labor Movement in California
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1935), 73-74, 77; Dillon,
Hatchet Men
, 51; John Haskell Kemble, "Andrew Wilson's 'Jottings on Civil War California,"
California Historical Society Quarterly,
32 (December 1953), 209, 303; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 45;
People v. Hall,
California, 399.
Dr. Ping Chiu believes that justice for the Chinese depended more on the local courts and sheriffs than on the ability of the Chinese to testify, personal interview by Sheila Skjeie, Dec. 9, 1971.
Theodore Henry Hittell,
History of California
(4 vols. San Francisco: N.J. Stone, 1897) 4:99; Paul, "Origin of the Chinese Issue," 185; Cross,
Labor Movement
, 75; Lyman, "Strangers," 89-90; Rawls and Bean,
, 178; Frank Soule, John H. Gihon, M.D., and James Nisbet,
The Annals of San Francisco
(New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1855), 530.
Lyman, "Strangers," 63-64, 67; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 38; Louise Clapp,
The Shirley Letters from the California Mines, 1851-52
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), 143; See also Stewart W. Hyde, "The Chinese Stereotype in American Melodrama,"
California Historical Society Quarterly
, 34 (December 1955), 357-367.
Journals of Senate and Assembly,
lst Sess., 1849-50,
Minority Report of the Select Committee on Mineral Lands
, Feb. 9, 1850, 809.
Paul, "Origin of the Chinese Issue," 185, 186-187; California,
Senate Journal
, 3d Sess., 1852, Appendix,
Minority Report of the Select Committee on Senate Bill No. 63
, 671-72.
Hubert Howe Bancroft,
History of California
(7 vols., San Francisco: The History Company, 1886-1890),VI:657; Lyman, "Strangers," 90; California,
Senate Journal
, 3d Sess., 1852, Appendix,
Minority Report of the Select Committee on Senate Bill No. 63
, 672-673; California,
Assembly Journal
, 3d Sess.,
Report of the Committee on Mines and Mining Interests
, 830- 831.
Labor Movement
, 73; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 16; California,
Senate Journal
, 3d Sess., 1852,
Special Message from the Governor of California to the Senate and Assembly of California in Relation to Asiatic Emigrations,
Senate Journal
, 3d Sess., 1852,
Special Message from the Governor of California,
376; Leonard Pitt, "The Beginnings of Nativism in California,"
Pacific Historical Review
, 30 (February 1961), 28-30; Chiu,
Chinese Labor
, 10; Rawls and Bean,
, 120.
Lucile Eaves,
A History of California Labor Legislation
(Berkeley: The University Press, 1910), 112-113;Eugene H. Berwanger,
The Frontier Against Slavery
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971; lst ed. 1967), 74; Paul, "Origins of the Chinese Issue," 194; Pitt, "Beginnings of Nativism," 32; Rawls and Bean,
, 126.
Senate Journal,
3d Sess., 1852, Appendix,
Report of the Committee on the Governor's Special Message in Relation to Asiatic Immigration
, 734, 736; California,
Assembly Journal
, 4
Sess., 1853, Appendix, Doc. 28,
Minority Report of the Committee on Mines and Mining Interests
, 20; California
Senate Journal
, 7
Sess., 1856, Appendix,
Minority Report of the Committee on Mines and Mining Interests,
submitted March 10, 1856,
Senate Journal,
3d Sess., 1852,
Special Message from the Governor of California to the Senate and Assembly of California in Relation to Asiatic Emigrations
, 375; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 51; Lyman, "Strangers," 69; Rawls and Bean,
, 126; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 25-26.
Chinese Immigration
, 43; California, Assembly
, 4
Sess., Appendix, Doc. 28,
Second Report of the Committee on Mines and Mining Interests
, 10;
, July 15, 1869, p. 1, cols. 3, 6.
Chinese Immigration
, 387-390; Kemble, "Andrew Wilson's 'Jottings'," 304-305; California,
Senate and Assembly Journals
, 13
Sess., 1862, Part 1, Appendix,
Report of the Joint Select Committee Relative to the Chinese Population of the State of California
, 3-4, 7. See Philip P. Choy, "Golden Mountain," 270, for the contention that contract labor was a common practice in the United States and that "An Act to Encourage European Immigration," passed by Congress on July 4, 1864, gave official sanction to the contract system.
William Hoy,
The Chinese Six Companies
(San Francisco: Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, 1942), 1-2, 6-7, 9-11.
Ibid., 10-11, 18-21, 23-24; Augustus W. Loomis, "The Six Chinese Companies," O
verland Monthly
, 2 (September 1868), 223; Alexander Saxton,
The Indispensable Enemy
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), 7-9; Choy, "Golden Mountain," 269-271; Lyman, "Strangers," 69-70.
Loomis, "Chinese Women in California,"
Overland Monthly
, 2 (April 1869), 345; Lyman, "Strangers," 83-84; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 13, 17, 34-35; Dillon,
, 41, 365.
Lyman, "Strangers," 83-84.
Ibid., 86; Stanford M. Lyman, "Marriage and the Family Among Chinese Immigrants to America, 1850-1960,"
Phylon Quarterly
, 29 (Winter 1968), 321-322, 328, 330.
Chinese Labor
, 35; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 389-90; Cross,
Labor Movement
, 74.
Alexander Saxton, "The Army of Canton in the High Sierra,"
Pacific Historical Review
, 35 (May 1966), 149; Chiu,
Chinese Labor
, 35, 47; Bancroft,
, VII:350. Bancroft lists many different occupations and gives both daily and monthly wages.
Chinese Labor
, x, 45-46, 63; U.S., Congress, Senate,
Report of the Joint Special Committee to Investigate Chinese Immigration
, Sen. Report No. 689, 44
Cong., 2d Sess., 1876 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1877), 667, 669; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 45-47; Eaves,
Labor Legislation
, 14-15, 125.
Chinese Immigration
, 342-43; Cross,
Labor Movement
, 74-75; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 20-21; Paul, "Origin of the Chinese Issue," 185; U.S., Congress,
Senate Report No. 689
, 15, 17-18. The Report's introduction stated, "the resources of California and the Pacific Coast have been more rapidly developed with the cheap and docile labor of Chinese . . . . the Pacific Coast has been a great gainer." See page iv.
Labor, 53-54; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 17; Cross,
Labor Movement
, 76; Eaves,
Labor Legislation
, 106; Rawls and Bean,
, 178; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 33, 79; California,
Senate and Assembly Journals
, 13
Sess., 1862, Part 1, Appendix,
Report of the Joint Select Committee Relative to the Chinese Population of the State of California
, 12.
Chinese Labor
, 53-55; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 17; Eaves,
Labor Legislation
, 106; Rawls and Bean,
, 178; Sandmeyer,
Anti-Chinese Movement
, 33.
Indispensable Enemy
, 6-7.
Chinese Labor
, xi-xii, 137-138; Rawls and Bean,
, 178.
Chinese Labor
, xi-xii, 136; Dr. Ping Chiu, personal interview by Sheila Skjeie, Dec. 9, 1971, Sacramento, California ; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 398-399.
Kemble, "Andrew Wilson's 'Jottings,'" 307; Coolidge,
Chinese Immigration
, 39-40, 346-347, 350-351, 398; Cross,
Labor Movement
, 74; Rawls and Bean,
, 178; Saxton,
Indispensable Enemy
, 27-29.
Sandmeyer, Anti
-Chinese Movement
, 45. In his book
Closing the Gate: Race, Politics, and the Chinese Exclusion Act
, published in 1998, Andrew Gyory contended that most American workers were not interested in seeking Chinese exclusion. A spirited discussion between Gyory and Stanford Lyman took place in the journal
New Politics
, Vol. 7, no. 4 (new series), whole no. 28 (Winter 2000) and Vol. 8, no. 1 (new series), whole no. 29 (Summer 2000). Lyman rebutted Gyory's arguments and Gyory responded. To read the articles online, see
, accessed Feb. 7, 2002. It is the present author's conclusion that most of the laboring classes and some of the manufacturers
in California
definitely favored Chinese exclusion and persistently pursued that end until they achieved success. See Lucile Eaves,
California Labor Legislation
, 2-3; and Rawls and Bean,
, 185. The Irish-born population of San Francisco in 1870 was 25,864 and the German-born population was 13,602. See U.S.,
, Vol. I, 1870,
The Statistics of the Population of the United States, embracing the tables of the race, nationality, sex, selected ages, and occupations
(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1872), 347, 389 and U.S.,
, compendium of the
Ninth Census
, Vol. IV, 1870, compiled pursuant to a concurrent resolution of Congress and under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1872), 401.


text:
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text: The Sun's editorial board commits the same sin they attribute to conservatives: selective editing of Dr. Ben Carson's speech and the reaction thereto ("The Carson Monologue" Feb 12). Did not Cal Thomas, a conservative icon, come out with a demand that Dr. Carson apologize to the president? The Sun piece made no mention. To quote from the great doctor's speech: "Enough said." Did not Dr. Carson himself establish that six doctors signed the Declaration of Independence? The Sun piece made no mention. Enough said. And in spite of that strong point made by Dr. Carson, The Sun still fell into the trap, lecturing him that a Nobel Prize winning progressive economist is the type of qualification needed. These same Nobel intellectual elites awarded Mr. Obama a peace prize before he even stepped into the Oval Office to give peace a chance. Enough said.


text:
London, Lagos — Tomorrow the curtains will fall on the greatest multi-sports event in the world, the Olympics, with Nigeria realistically standing no chance of clinching a medal after.
Hopes of appearing on the medals table were further dashed today as Nigeria's female team in the 4x100m relay failed to impress. The Nigerian quartet of Oladamola Osayomi, Gloria Asumnu, Endurance Abinuwa and Blessing Okagbare placed fourth behind the United States, Jamaica and Ukraine.
The United States shattered a 27-year-old world record to win gold. The team of Tianna Madison, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight and Carmelita Jeter won the race in 40.82 seconds, beating East Germany's record of 41.37 which had stood since 1985.
Nigeria will however compete in the finals of the women's 4*400m women's relay today. Yet, there is hardly any optimism regarding the team's chances given the fact the quartet of Omolara Omotosho, Idara Otu, Bukola Abogunloko and Regina George qualified for the finals not on the strength of an outstanding performance, but as one of the best losers.
Also today, bronze medalist at the Beijing Olympic and captain of the Nigerian team, Chika Chukwumerije, would be fighting for a place in the quarter finals of the taekwondo event that would be rounded later tonight. He would need to overcome at least three opponents to be guaranteed a medal. Two Nigerian male wrestlers will also need to scale similar hurdles today as they attempt to make a belated grasp for medals. They are, literally speaking, the last men standing even if the possibility they could win a medal is anything but inspiring.
But today's pessimism is a huge contrast to the glimmer of hope seen a few days to the start of the London Olympics. Two athletes, Ajoke Odumosu and Blessing Okagbare, had done well in some high profile athletics meeting perhaps signalling that Nigeria had the athletes to successfully compete at the Olympics and bring smiles on the faces of their countrymen.
However, Odumosu's victory at the Spitzenleicht Athletics Meet in Lucerne, Switzerland and Okagbare's equally impressive performances at both the Aviva Diamond League in London, in which she upstaged Olympic star, Jamaican, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Phyrce and World Championship winner, Carmelita Jeter; and a week later at the Samsung Diamond League meeting in Monaco, turned out to be false dawns as both women along with the 55-man strong Team Nigeria contingent failed woefully to rise to the occasion in London.
But as the nation wakes up to the fact that our sports is in deep trouble and the usual inquisition begins, it is pertinent to know that London 2012 was a disaster waiting to happen.
The nation even had a yellow card of sorts about the state of our team four years ago at the Beijing Olympics when Team Nigeria could only muster a paltry four medals - one silver and three bronze.
Officials had promised then that they had learnt their lessons and would adequately prepare the team for the next Games taking place in London.
But as the results (or lack of them) have shown, it is clear that not much was actually done to back up the utterances with action.
In the run up to the Games' kick-off on July 29 the media was awash with reports of the poor preparation of Team Nigeria for London 2012 even though officials publicly denied such reports.
The government will have to change its budgetary process when it comes to sports because there is no way we can get the best out of our athletes if money is only released a few weeks to the start of the competition.
For instance, knowing that the London Olympics was taking place in 2012, perhaps some of the budget for Team Nigeria's participation could have been included in the Federal Budget for 2011, which would have allowed the National Sports Commission have funds to begin to prepare our athletes for the Games.
Although N2.4 billion had been allocated in the budget for London 2012, the money was not available for the NSC until a few weeks to the event, which meant that plans of taking Team Nigeria athletes on extended overseas training could not materialise. Instead they took part in "crash courses" of only a few weeks before embarking upon their trip to London.
In the area of shrinking resources, the NSC will also have to determine how many disciplines it has realistic chances of competing properly in at the world stage.
It is time for the NSC to accept that at the world stage (i.e. Olympics) we are only good in a certain number of events and concentrate on those events. Kenya entered for only four events (Nigeria entered for eight) and has so far won seven medals (two gold, two silver and three bronze).
As a way of assessing the competition levels of our athletes, the NSC can enter in more disciplines at the Commonwealth Games, which is definitely less intense than the Olympics and at the end review how well our athletes did with a view to seeing which sport can be pushed into the next Olympic Games.
Attention must also be given to grassroots sports development because that is the only way we can replenish the production line. Is it not sad that we have not adequately been able to replace such stars like Chidi Imoh, Innocent Egbunike, Mary Onyali and Falilat Ogunkoya?
The aforementioned athletes all ran for American universities as part of their scholarship requirements, but were able to wear the Nigerian colours with distinction and compete with other internationally acclaimed athletes because they were good.
For once, though, a sports minister acknowledged that poor preparation more than anything else was to blame for the London 2012 disaster.
Mallam Bolaji Abdullahi, who gave a review of the country's performance at the Nigeria House in Stratford, London, said: "Our inability to win any medal so far is disappointing for my team and myself and for all Nigerians. But we must have the courage to see it as it is. This is a clear testimony to how far our sports have fallen behind."
He, however, said he would not indulge in a buck passing game but would take the dismal performance as "an opportunity to rebuild."
"In Atlanta '96, Great Britain won one medal but in Beijing they finished fourth. They accepted their poor situation and reworked their system including financing. In London today they are standing boldly at the third position. This is one opportunity we cannot allow to pass us by."
The hope is that it won't simply be another déjà vu in four years' time.


text:
By Kathryn G. Menu
After gaining approval earlier this year to spruce up the aging Baron's Cove Inn in Sag Harbor, the newest owners of the inn announced plans this week to build an 80-seat restaurant on the property in an effort to make it a family-friendly resort destination.
However, according to Sag Harbor Village attorney Anthony Tohill, Sag Harbor Village Building Inspector Tim Platt will first have to determine whether or not an 80-seat restaurant is a primary or accessory use. This will determine how arduous a process the property's owners, KBR Capital, will have to go through to make their dreams a reality.
On Tuesday, April 26, Sag Harbor attorney and former village trustee Tiffany Scarlato presented the company's plans for the property to the village planning board.
KBR Capital, under management of Cape Resorts — an offshoot of the same firm that gained village approval for a now stalled luxury condominium project in the former Bulova Watchcase Factory — has proposed to demolish 770 square-feet of existing motel space at Baron's Cove Inn and construct a 2,200 square-foot restaurant.
According to Scarlato, the restaurant will be accessory in nature to the motel, which is allowed under the village's zoning code.
The two-story building will include a new entry lobby for the redesigned motel, as well as a bar, patio and restaurant, with 56 seats planned inside the restaurant and the remaining 16 seats proposed for an outdoor terrace.
A new pool house and concession area is also proposed on the site.
On Tuesday night, Scarlato noted that Baron's Cove Inn once had a restaurant, although it was subdivided from the property and, most recently, became a nightclub before being converted into the 21 West Water Street condominiums.
"There is a lack of services in that area of the village and the idea behind this project is to bring the existing motel, which is in a substantial state of disrepair, up to standards and make it a family resort," she said.
Scarlato said that key to the Baron's Cove Inn renovation is the addition of a restaurant, which will make it more marketable via ratings through vacation sites like Travelocity.com.
She added that based on Cape Resorts' other New Jersey-based properties that have restaurant facilities, it is expected that between 60 to 80 percent of the people who dine at the site will be guests at the hotel.
The restaurant would need to be hooked up to the village's wastewater treatment plant, said Scarlato.
Curtis Bashaw, a principal of Cape Resorts and Cape Advisors, said that his firm has developed a handful of properties, primarily in Cape May, New Jersey, that feature restaurants along with hotel accommodations.