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The United Nations climate change convention (UNFCCC) appears set to lay down an emissions trading approach for carbon emissions in the shipping sector at the Copenhagen climate conference despite calls by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that it is the one "uniquely qualified" to regulate the sector.
The shipping industry is thought responsible for roughly 3 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and is under pressure to submit to emissions limits like other heavy-emitting industries. The IMO is a UN agency charged with regulating the sector since the 1950s.
Gauging views on the sidelines of the UN conference as it got underway this week, the Bureau of National Affairs (BNA) World Climate Change Report found the IMO lobbying to retain responsibility for shipping emissions. IMO senior adviser Karin Sjolin-Frudd said that it had already laid down a process for regulating emissions at two meetings scheduled for March and September next year.
But the European Commission's climate change policy officer for shipping and aviation, Mark Major, said after going too long being unregulated UN delegates are likely to include the shipping sector in a global climate agreement to take effect from 2013.
The likely make-up of UNFCCC limits are industry-wide caps on carbon output hand in hand with an emissions trading scheme. A controversial draft text for a final climate agreement put together by the Danish hosts of the UN conference includes a yet-to-be-set emissions 2020 reduction target below 2005 levels for shipping. It calls for implementation through the IMO, and elsewhere commits to expanding carbon markets.
The IMO earlier this year instituted a trial of energy efficiency and technology measures as a first step to curbing emissions with a decision on market-based action like cap and trade put off to a later date. The voluntary trial is to be reviewed next March with further measures also to be considered at that time.


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Jan Christian Smuts
19 of 35 portraits of Jan Christian Smuts
Jan Christian Smuts
by Elliott & Fry
half-plate negative
Purchased, 1996
Photographs Collection
NPG x82006
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950), Prime Minister of South Africa, Field Marshal and writer on evolution. Sitter in 35 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Elliott & Fry (active 1863-1962). Artist associated with 10929 portraits.
Exhibitions and displays
- 'The artist's cause at heart': M.H. Spielmann, Collector and Donor
Until 19 September
- Women and the First World War
Until 25 October
- Curators' Choice: Photographs from the Terence Pepper Gift
Until 24 January 2016

subset: commoncrawl


text:
stager in a sentence
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Achieving success as a home stager requires a balance of artistic and customer-service skills.
Sometimes stager may pick up different host name than you used to configure disk with.
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Eric Harron: Aggressive Criminal Defense, DWI, and Personal Injury Attorney
When it comes to facing a DWI or criminal charge, or dealing with aftermath of a wrongful injury, finding a skilled, aggressive attorney to fight your case is the most important thing you can do. Austin, TX attorney Eric Harron has experience in DWI, criminal defense, and personal injury cases, fighting to help his clients get the best outcomes possible for their cases.
Representing his clients in criminal defense cases, Eric Harron has won numerous 'not guilty' and 'case dismissed' verdicts. For clients charged with a DWI, he has been successful in reducing or even expunging the charge entirely. He has also won settlements for numerous personal injury clients, ensuring that they can get the treatment and compensation they deserve.
If you or a loved one are facing a tough legal case, you can have confidence knowing that Eric Harron and his team will work tirelessly to fight for the outcome you deserve.
Eric Harron is passionate about every case he takes. Here is a video describing his defense of DWI charges:
Contact the law offices of Eric Harron in the Austin, TX area today to discuss your case.
Offices in Austin and Georgetown, Texas to Serve You.
Austin: 819 ½ W. 11th St., Austin, TX 78701
Georgetown: 1112 S. Rock Street, Georgetown, TX 78626
Office visits are by appointment only.


text:
Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Yukiya Amano of Japan delivers a speech at opening of a general conference of the IAEA, at the International Center in Vienna, Austria, Sept. 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Ronald Zak)
VIENNA: The U.N. atomic watchdog will hold further talks with Iran aimed at clarifying concerns about its nuclear program, despite the lack of progress so far, its chief Yukiya Amano said Monday.
The International Atomic Energy Agency is "firmly committed" to intensifying dialogue with the Islamic state, Amano told the IAEA's annual member state gathering.
He gave no date for a possible new round of talks that began in January between IAEA officials and Iran aimed at allaying concern Tehran may be developing nuclear weapons capability, a charge Iran denies. The last meeting was in August.
Iran's atomic energy chief, Fereydoun Abbasi-Davani, was due to address the IAEA meeting later Monday.
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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
From the Publisher"This is a really useful book for midwives. I expected it to be a textbook which I could recommend to students—and indeed that is true. However, when I picked this up I realised how useful it can be qualified staff, no matter how familiar the topics may be to those in practice ... . I would recommend this for any team or ward reference library." (Practising Midwife, January 2009)
"If you have not come across this book before then I would certainly recommend this new improved edition." (Heather Jarman in Accident and Emergency Nursing, Volume 15, 2007)


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5K & 10K Run – 1 Mile Fun Run
5K Pat Wood Memorial Recreational Walk
Cheese Chasers Kiddies Fun Run
sponsored by Arthur Woman's Club
Monday, September 1, 2014
IT'S BACK!!! The Arthur Cheese Festival's Rat Race 5K & 10K runs are taking place again on Labor Day Monday, September 1st, 2014. As in the past, proceeds from this annual race organized by the Arthur Woman's Club will be used to fund educational scholarships to graduating high school seniors. That means seniors in the new high school district, Arthur-Lovington-Atwood-Hammond, will all benefit from this race and can apply for scholarships in the spring. There will be eight $500 scholarships awarded to graduating seniors and continuing education candidates.
The 5K and 10K runs are the featured races for this day, but the Rat Race will still also consist of a 1 Mile Fun Run, the 5K Pat Wood Recreational Walk, and our favorite Cheese Chaser Kids Run.
The morning schedule starts with the 1 Mile Fun Run at 7:15am. 10K and 5K runners begin their race at 7:30 a.m. with the 5K Pat Wood Recreational Walkers following. Rounding out the schedule is the popular "Cheese Chasers" which younger children ages 4 – 8 can participate in at approximately 9:00 a.m.
Both the 10K and 5K runs have 13 different age divisions with cash prizes for the overall fastest male and female runners in each run. There are also 1st, 2nd, and 3d place medals for the top three finishers in each age division of the 10k & 5K. For the first 40 runners in the 1 Mile Fun Run there will be awarded participation medals. Awards will take place at approximately 9:15 am at the stage area close to the end of the race. There will also be food and drinks for all the racers and walkers located in this same general area. For more information about entry fees, age categories, and awards go to www.arthurcheesefestival.com to download a form or register online. Registration forms can also be picked up Delbert's Clothing or Dicks Pharmacy in Arthur.
The early entry fee for the 10K an 5K run is $20 if registered before August 22nd. Registration fees after that day up to the day of the race will be $25. On-line registration will only be accepted until August 26th. There will be registration accepted on race day. That same day registration will start at 6:00 am and will be located in the parking lot of the Arthur Welcome Center, 106 E. Progress, in downtown Arthur. NEW this year will be an optional early packet pick-up for pre-registered runners only, available Sunday, August 31st at the Welcome Center from 4:00-5:30 pm.
And remember, we haven't forgotten the youngest runners out there. Young children from the suggested ages of 4 – 9 can participate in the "Cheese Chase". This event is completely free for kids to enter and features a 2-block race with special hosts Artie Mouse and Miss Slice leading the way. Kid's will also receive a goody bag and medal at the end of the race. Upon request, your child can purchase a special edition T-shirt in youth sizes for this children's race for just $8. The shirt design this year is by Chloe Alexander from Arthur.
Sharon Daily, Arthur Woman's Club president and one of the Rat Race coordinators, commented "What other race keeps you healthy and rewards you with cheese just for participating? Only the Rat Race! Families can come together to walk or run and after the race enjoy the festival. There will be craft vendors, cheese games, lots of entertainment and a wide variety of food. Something for everyone in the family to enjoy!"
Entry fee: $20 on or before Aug 22, 2014 * Late registration: $25
|Checks Payable to:
Arthur Women's Club
Early Registration is recommended.
Race day registration will start at
6:00 a.m.
1 Mile Fun Run – 7:15 a.m.
5k/10K Race Starts at approx. 7:30 a.m.
5K Rec Walk – 7:45 a.m.
Kiddie Fun Run – Approx 9:30 a.m.
| Age divisions:
10 and under
15-19 40-44
20-24 45-49
25-29 50-54
30-34 55-59
35-39 60-64
Cash prizes and trophies to top male and Female run finisher.
Medals to 3 place run finishers.
T-Shirts to all participants. Food and drinks at finish line.
Print and Mail Form On-Line Registration
Registration and check-in is at the Welcome Center at the north end of the downtown business area (106 E. Progress).
Cash prizes and trophies to the top Male and Female Finishers in the 5K and 10K Runs. Medals to top 3 places in each age division.
Food & Drinks at finish line.
Race Times:
1 Mile Fun Run – 7:15 am
5K & 10K Run – 7:30 am
5K Recreational Walk – 7:45 am
Kiddie Fun Run –approx. 9:30 am
Event T-shirts and free cheese guaranteed to preregistered 5K &10K runners. Additional shirts are available but supplies are limited. Awards will be presented at approximately 9:45 am at the stage by the corner gazebo. Race will take place rain or shine. Official results will be available at ArthurCheeseFestival.com. Thank you for your donation!
|For further information:
Linda Ingles
517 S. Vine St.
Arthur, IL 61911
|Festival Notes: Arthur is located in central Illinois, 10 miles west of I-57 exit #203 on Rt. 133 in the heart of the Illinois Amish settlement.
Register at the visitors center at the north end of the downtown business area.
After the run you may want to visit the many craft and food vendors lining the streets or explore the surrounding countryside and view the many farms and businesses of the Amish community.


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Summer Interns Help Advance Bread's Mission
A Desire to Make a Difference
August 2013
Picture a 12-year-old boy, living in the American south, completing long federal assistance forms for his parents, who cannot write in English. He's young enough to feel resentful for his task. Years later, he'll realize his translation skills helped to feed his hungry family.
Ten years later, that young man — Alejandro Macias — is one of Bread for the World's summer interns, serving in the Development and Membership department. His firsthand experiences with hunger helped change his worldview—and his desire to make a difference.
Alejandro's internship was sponsored by the Goldsmith Discerning Student Support Fund, which extends support to a University of the South (Sewanee, Tenn.) student exploring a vocational call. His eye for detail has helped to improve Bread for the World's membership database.
Alejandro cites June's National Gathering as a highlight of his summer. "Seeing the passion of Bread for the World members was affirming," he says, adding that the same is true of Bread's staff members, whom he calls welcoming and inspiring. "On my last day, I was hurrying around, saying goodbye to everyone. It was hard for me to leave," he admits.
Bread's internship program enables college students and recent graduates to contribute their skills for Bread's mission, while benefiting from supervised learning, personal development, and work experience. This summer, 13 interns worked in nine departments.
Like Alejandro, Theresa Martin is a college student who traveled far from home to serve as an intern this summer. Theresa has had extensive experience working in direct service. She appreciated seeing how advocacy on behalf of hungry and poor people can change the policies and conditions that allow hunger to persist.
Theresa, a San Francisco native, credits her faith for leading her to Bread for the World and to the work of creating a more just world. "I asked myself, 'If I really believe that Jesus called us to walk beside the poor, what can this look like in my own life?'"
As part of the Church Relations department, Theresa helped stage the National Gathering in June. She was especially impressed to experience firsthand the passionate community Bread for the World has built, people working together across denominations for an important cause. Her experience helping to mount a major several-day event and paying visits to the offices of Sens. Diane Feinstein (D-Calif.) and Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) boosted her skills and confidence.
"I feel comfortable lobbying now. I can easily see myself at home in San Francisco, speaking to elected officials," she says.
Theresa plans to bring Bread for the World's message to her home church of St. Brendan's, San Francisco, and to the campus ministry at St. Louis University. "The system needs to be transformed. I believe we are called as Christians to go to the root of this problem and fix it."
For his part, Alejandro Macias plans to continue working as an advocate on behalf of those in need when he returns to the University of the South this fall. "As a child and even now as a college student, I still don't completely understand how, in the richest nation on earth, people can still work two jobs and not have enough to feed their families.
"Everyone should be able to eat. It's a basic human right."


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
27 year old man | Brooklyn, NY, USA | Seeking women 23-30 within 20 miles
Stay classy
My name is Andrew. I'm a caring guy with a strong passion for food and wine. I work in the industry so I have radical hours. I love laying around on my days off or riding my bike.I spend most of my time watching movies, and studying wine. I love trying new restaurants, and wandering around the city. I have a degree in culinary arts. I'm a certified sommelier and plan on making a career in wine. I love cooking at home, but I don't get to as much as I'd like to. I'm looking for someone who can play hard but also be able to chill out and sit on the couch just as easily. I'm a traveler at heart and want to travel the world one day. I eventually want to move to Italy but the time has to be right. I am currently in the midst of learning Italian. Chive on
Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Video games , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Cycling, Golf, Skiing, Soccer, Tennis / Racquet sports
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
One day I will have a Siberian Husky that is my dream dog
Middle of the Road
The crown inn, Lilly's, any movie theater really, prospect park, New York noodle town, Boka, Wonjo, Ippudo, momofuku noodle bar, the dead rabbit
The Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, NY
I like any kind of music minus pop punk stuff, any movie genre is fair game. I'm a certified sommelier and drink a lot of wine
I like to ride my bike around prospect park, drink wine, watch anything movies, and go out to eat
I read a lot of wine books
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'4" (162cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|Social Drinker, Regularly
|Retail / Food services
|No preference
Server and certified sommelier
|$50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|White / Caucasian, Other
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, White / Caucasian, Other
I'm a Russian Romanian gypsy, my family has their own language that isn't written just spoken unfortunately I can't speak it. Yeah it makes me sad but I wasn't around it enough nor will I be
|I'll tell you later
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|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a degree in Culinary arts from The Culinary Institute of America, I am a certified M2 sommelier through The Court Of Master Sommeliers.


text:
Bring on the sun! We can't wait to get our hands on these leather visors from Fleet Ilya. Available in amazing color pop leathers, in 'classic visor', 't-bar' and 'racer back' styles.
ABOUT WGSN accessories
There is a reason that bags, baubles and beads are objects of desire. Find out about the latest accessories collaborations, newest techniques and most directional silhouettes. In fashion, as in life, it's the little things that count.More about WGSN >


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Spokefest, Spokane's cycling festival, drew around 2,000 cyclists to Riverfront Park to start rides ranging in length from one to 47 miles. The event included entertainment, food and service booths in the park and a chance to meet and ride with other cyclists.
Related story: SpokeFest draws cyclists from miles around
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Teen Mom
Maci Bookout vs. Jenelle Evans vs. Kailyn Lowry: Battle of the Epic Back Tats! (PHOTOS)
The ladies from MTV's Teen Mom couldn't be more different, but they have a few things in common. 1) a strange and unusual addiction to Uggs; 2) a weird fondness for Olive Garden; and 3) a deep, passionate love for back tattoos.
Almost all the Teen Moms are rocking body ink of some kind or another (except for the virginal beauty otherwise known as Farrah Abraham), but let's chat about the wondrous world of backscapes.
First up? Maci Bookout. This lovely lady barely has one inch of un-inked skin left! Her tattoos are scrawled on an enormous piece of notebook paper, and say "Bulletproof," "Bentley Cadence," and "Bookout." She's also rocking a picture of her zodiac sign, a lightening bolt, and the inspirational quote "Learn to Feel" scrawled on her side. Speaking of, we have so many feelings about this tattoo, all of them positive.
But then there's Kailyn Lowry. This bride-to-be is still working on her backscape (which she describes as a "paradise scene"), and so far it includes the quote "To the world you are one person, but to one person, you are the world," a few pink hibiscus flowers, some mountains, a giant white bird, and a lone feather hanging from a tree. Yes, please — we love it!
Finally, we have Jenelle Evans. This feisty gal's back tat is more subtle than her costar's (shocker, right?), and features a simple cherry blossom branch underneath a black rose. Perfection!
So, which Teen Mom back tat is your favorite? Vote it out in the poll, ladies n' gents!
I don't like any of them.
I love them all!


text:
Read the following poems on Beltway
Read The Palomas Lament in Poets Against the War
The Palomas Lament*
for Our President, January 23, 2003
i cannot name you
i can only ask you
its minus sixteen degrees tonight
i only ask you why a man of means
Were you afraid of sand and outdoor markets?
Or was it the trill of another tongue?
now you embrace the last resort of the incompetent
nodding, i see you embrace your wife
the weight of dead palomas
*Paloma means Dove in Spanish
Hear Orange Food and Fresh Tomatoes on the Gargoyle 46 CD
Orange Food
You all give me that feeling of
Mr. Cacciatore or something
Im older now


text:
User Tip: If you're unsure of your vehicle type, you may skip the machine type selection box.
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"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
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At the Battle of Dragasani (in present-day Romania), Greek revolutionary insurgents are defeated by the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II.
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Fresh Power - eBook
By: Jim Cymbala
Zondervan / 2011 / ePub
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Publisher's Description
Author Bio
Jim Cymbala has served as pastor of the Brooklyn Tabernacle for more than forty years. He is the author of many bestselling books, including Fresh Wind, Fresh Fire, The Church God Blesses, When Gods People Pray, Fresh Faith, and Spirit Rising. He lives in New York City with his wife, Carol, who directs the Grammy Awardwinning Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir. The Cymbalas have three children and eight grandchildren.
Dean Merrill, former publishing executive with Focus on the Family and International Bible Society, is author or coauthor of 31 books, including The God Who Won't Let Go and Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Church. He and his wife live in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Publisher's Weekly
This third book in Cymbala's bestselling trilogy (Fresh Wind, Fresh Fire and Fresh Faith) explores the third person in the Trinity: the Holy Spirit. Like its award-winning predecessors, it combines unforgettable anecdotes culled from Cymbala's ministry as pastor of the Brooklyn Tabernacle with deep theological and biblical truths, many of which are not easy to hear. It is clearly the edgiest, most cutting book of the series, with Cymbala's passionate voice urging Christians to abandon their comfort zones in favor of the unpredictable leadings of the Spirit. He criticizes churchgoers who neglect the power of the Spirit, chastising, for example, Christians who are so fixated on end-time prophecies that they neglect God's work in the here and now. His harshest words are reserved for the "the disastrous `church-growth' movement," which, he says, has convinced Christians everywhere that worship must be entertaining and inoffensive. Cymbala utilizes the Book of Acts to explore the early Church's practice of complete dependence upon the Spirit, citing not just the famous Pentecost scene of Acts 2 but also many other examples of transformation throughout the book (particularly Peter's metamorphosis from a fair-weather friend of Jesus into a committed, Spirit-led apostle). Some readers may be made uneasy by Cymbala's hard-hitting, take-no-prisoners approach, but others will cheer his prophetic call to reformationDand, more importantly, be changed by it. (Feb.) Copyright 2000 Cahners Business Information.
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of customers would recommend this product to a friend.
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cindy pike5 Stars Out Of 5March 28, 2010cindy pikeThis review was written for Fresh Power.After reading Fresh Power, I realized in order to reach this world we must have the power of holy spirit upon us to help us for we can't do it on our own. The holy spirit grieves when we do not welcome him into our lives. This book needs to be read by all leaders in the churches
chris goodwin4 Stars Out Of 5November 19, 2007chris goodwinThis review was written for Fresh Power.This is a super book, the story about unforeseenfruit is a real motivation for saved & lost alike.
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text:
If I had a dollar
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Master of the Obvious
Joined: Aug 2007
Location: North Central Washington
Oddometer: 3,281
I had a 990 Adventure for a few years, rode it places I shouldn't have. At foolhardy speeds. It spit me off a few times, not too expensively for either of us. As i got more familiar with it, I pushed it harder offroad.
I have to agree with the above posters on both sides of the argument. Big ADV bikes can go a lot of places- it's largely dependent on the rider, though. Is it a small flickable dirt bike like a YZ 250? Hell no. Is it big and full of dangerous kinetic energy, on or off-road? Hell yes.
I sold my 990 because I'm 55 and my motocross racing is a long ways back. My brain says, "Yah! Go for it!" and my body says "WTF? No way!" I had days when I was a beat behind the big beast, and realized that it was a matter of time before it bit me. You can't run 70-90mph down Forest Circus roads indefinitely without incident.
Bottom line, I think, it's more Indian than arrow. A good rider can flog a big bike across all kinds of terrain.
Read The Patriot Post -- It's Right. It's Free.
Sometimes the light to see your way forward is provided by the bridge burning behind you.
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Snow Sleds, sledges, sleighs, toboggans – whatever you call them, we have them. As Ireland's only dedicated online store for winter sport products we hold sledge stocks in our warehouse in Ireland and can deliver within 24 hours. Also check out our snow shovels and ice cleat anti slip shoe grips (phew, that was long!) and recently launched red wagons which will be essential this Winter as latest predictions are that Winter 2012 2013 will be colder than last year.
Sled.ie is a family business and was set up to supply snow sleds, sledges, sleighs or toboggans for sale in Ireland. All our sleds are of superior quality made with special anti-crack and cold resistant plastic so meant to last many Winters and not just a run or two. Visit our products page and order online with credit card securely through Paypal (no account necessary). Next day delivery is only €7.50 for full order.
Call us on 087 2028443 if you have any questions or you can now buy them in person from Martine Interiors, Unit B19, KCR Industrial Estate, Kimmage, Dublin 12. Get in and look at our red wagons as they are really special or visit our sister site www.tobywagons.com and www.tobywagons.co.uk. Remember that as per Ray D'Arcy on his Today FM show "they would make a perfect present".
All sleds are currently in stock for immediate delivery.


text:
A labelstock, which after being carefully removed cannot be re-applied without leaving an unmistakable warning of tampering. If comprises a transparent facestock, a release coating forming an indicia attached to the facestock, a primer covering the facestock and release coating, a frangible metal layer covering the primer and an adhesive covering the metal layer.
1. Labelstock comprising
a) a transparent facestock,
b) a transparent release coating attached to a portion of one surface of the facestock for providing an indicia,
c) a transparent primer attached to said surface of the facestock and said release coating forming a relatively continuous planar surface on said surface of the facestock,
d) a relatively planar, frangible, visible metal layer attached to said primer layer, and
e) an adhesive layer attached to said metal layer; wherein said indicia is not visible until becoming permanently visible when said facestock is separated from said release coating.
2. The labelstock of claim 1 wherein the release coating is from 100 to 300 nm in thickness.
3. The labelstock of claim 2 wherein the thickness of the primer is from 4 to 6 times that of the release coating.
4. The labelstock of claim 1 wherein the release coating comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
5. The labelstock of claim 1 wherein said metal layer has been applied by vapor deposition.
6. The labelstock of claim 5 wherein said metal layer is from 10 to 25 nm in thickness.
7. The labelstock of claim 6 wherein said metal layer is aluminum.
8. The labelstock as defined in claim 1 wherein a removable release liner is attached to said adhesive layer.
9. Labelstock comprising
a) a transparent facestock having a first major surface free from any printed material and a second major surface parallel to said first major surface,
b) a transparent release coating on said second major surface in the form of an intermittent layer so as to provide indicia thereon,
c) a transparent primer over both said intermittent layer of said release coating and said second major surface,
d) a frangible, visible metal layer over said primer layer, and
e) an adhesive layer over said metal layer; wherein said indicia are not visible until said facestock is separated from said release coating whereupon said indicia become permanently visible.
10. Labelstock according to claim 9 wherein the adhesion of said release coating to said second major surface is less than the adhesion of said release coating to said primer layer.
11. Labelstock comprising a multiple layer construction free from external warning graphics comprising, in order, the following:
a) a transparent polymeric film,
b) a transparent release coating in a pattern on said polymeric film applied so as to provide a hidden message to said labelstock,
c) a continuous layer of a primer over said release coating and said polymeric film,
d) a frangible metal layer over said layer of primer, and
e) a layer of adhesive over said frangible metal layer; wherein said hidden message becomes permanently visible when said polymeric film is separated from said transparent release coating.
This invention concerns adhesive labelstock that displays a warning when the labelstock has been removed or otherwise subjected to tampering.
There has long been a need for visual evidence that a container of ingestible products such as drugs has been opened. Years ago, it was considered to be sufficient to seal the container closure with an adhesive label, the backing of which was so flimsy that it would disintegrate if someone tried to remove it. However, a deft person can often remove such labels without damage by first either heating the adhesive above its softening point or by chilling the adhesive with a refrigerant such as "Freon" to make it brittle. Even if the label was slightly damaged, a prospective purchaser might fail to inspect the label with sufficient care to detect the damage or upon inspection of the label, not appreciate the significance of the damage.
There has long been a similar need to apply serial numbers or price tags to articles such as automobiles, passports, and items for sale so that they cannot be surreptitiously transferred to a different article.
These needs have been answered in large measure by the Scotch™ Protected Graphics System that has been marketed for about 12 years by 3M Company. A label of that system can bear a message (such as a repeating pattern of the word "void") that becomes visible if the label is removed (Brochure entitled "Scotch™ Protected Graphics Systems" of 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn., numbered "70-0701-7040-5(126.5)R1 CSD 168A"). As explained in the brochure (I.B. on page 5), this is accomplished by the steps of:
a) print onto one surface of flexible label facestock (e.g., a polyester film) a release coating (Scotch™ Y110 or Y112 release solution) in a pattern of an invisible warning message,
b) coat a transparent primer varnish (Scotch™ Y120 primer solution) over the message,
c) print visible graphics over the primer,
d) print background color over the graphics such as Gotham Gothalin inks or Surflex-Lam inks, and
e) laminate an adhesive layer to the background color of the resulting labelstock, e.g., by pressing the background color against the adhesive layer of an aggressive pressure-sensitive adhesive transfer tape.
A length of the adhesive-bearing labelstock can be adhered by its adhesive layer to an article to be protected, e.g., across the closure of a container. The visible graphics applied in step c) can be read through the facestock and stand out in contrast to the underlying background color and may advise an observer that the label is valid so long as the hidden message does not appear.
Materials used in the Scotch™ Protected Graphics Systems are chosen so that the force required to rupture the bond between primer and the facestock is greater than either the cohesive strengths of other elements of the labelstock or the force required to rupture the bond between the adhesive layer and any substrate to which it may be applied. On the other hand, the bond between the release coating and facestock or the cohesive strength of the release coating should be relatively weak so that any force applied to the labelstock causes either of these to fail first.
Hence, if a surreptitious attempt was made to remove the label from an article to which it had been adhered and then either reapply or transfer the label, the release coating (because of its low adhesion to the facestock) inevitably would separate from the facestock to remain on the article while that portion of the primer not covering the message would remain strongly adhered to the facestock. By thus breaking at the edges of the invisible warning message, the message becomes visible and gives any prospective purchaser an unmistakable warning.
Even so, a nagging concern remains that a person might be able to reassemble the label by adhering the facestock (and its negative of the message) in precise registration with the message remaining on the article to which the labelstock had been applied. Although it is believed that doing so would be discernible under careful examination, an ordinary person may not make such an examination.
3M Company also markets "SecurMark™" labelstock which is a product of the above-outlined method except omitting step c). The "SecurMark™" labelstock is sold to companies that prefer not to assemble the label. These companies print graphics only on the exterior surface of the facestock of completed labelstock. Unfortunately, the "SecurMark™" labelstock may be less secure than the Scotch™ Protected Graphics System. After the facestock has been carefully removed to expose the hidden warning, it can be possible to cover the warning message with ink of the same color as that of step d) and then to re-adhere the facestock. The external graphics have their original appearance, so that an ordinary person might fail to notice the subterfuge.
Labelstock similar to the "SecurMark™" labelstock is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,556 (Matsuguchi et al.) except omitting the primer layer and employing an evaporated metal instead of printing as a background color. While the Matsuguchi patent is difficult to understand, it appears to say that such a label solves two problems. First, that portion of the evaporated metal which is supposed to leave a message on an article to be protected might instead be pulled off with the labelstock (sentence bridging columns 1 and 2). Second, the tackiness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive exposed by removal of all or part of the metal layer creates a sanitary problem. Matsuguchi's answer (FIG. 1) to these problems employs two release coatings (a continuous first "peel-off" layer 22 and a discontinuous second "peel-off" layer 18 that can form a message such as "Already open"). After applying a breakable layer 20 (e.g., metal by evaporation) over the first "peel-off" layer, the second discontinuous "peel-off" layer is applied over the breakable layer and over this is applied a covering layer 16 (e.g., a urethane resin). Over the covering layer is applied a sticky (pressure-sensitive) adhesive layer 14 that is protected by a release sheet 12.
The labelstock described in Matsuguchi relies on a delicate balance of adhesive forces, particularly between the first and second peel-off layers, in order to destruct in a predictable pattern. It is believed that in practice this delicate balance would be difficult to control, and the labelstock would not cleanly destruct. Furthermore, the labelstock would be difficult and expensive to produce.
Tamper-indicating labelstock marketed as "Tampermark™" MM 150 by Flexcon Co., Inc., Spencer, Mass., has a facestock of a flexible, transparent, plastic film, on the underside of which is a thin reflective metallic layer. Covering the underside of the metallic layer is a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive. A customer can print graphics on the exposed surface of the facestock. After adhering the "Tampermark™" labelstock to an article, its removal results in breakage of the metallic layer to leave a message such as a repeating pattern of the word "void" on the article. When the "Tampermark™" labelstock is peeled from an article at room temperature, the metallic layer does not break cleanly at the edges of the message. Hence, it is believed that a person could remove it with its entire metallic layer undisturbed. If so, it could be re-applied without leaving any noticeable indication of the deception. Furthermore, the "Tampermark™" labelstock as marketed has visible ghost images at the edges of its warning message. Thus it not only enables a person to see what must be done to tamper with and reapply it, but possibly leads an ordinary person to believe that tampering had already occured even though the protected substrate had been untouched.
This invention provides the first relatively simple, labelstock or label that does not provide any indication of the warning message until it is tampered with and, after being carefully removed, cannot be re-applied without leaving a warning of tampering that would be unmistakable to an ordinary person. The novel labelstock comprises:
a) a transparent facestock,
b) a transparent release coating attached to a portion of one surface of the facestock for providing an indicia,
c) a transparent primer attached to said surface of the facestock and said release coating forming a relatively continuous planar surface on said surface of the facestock,
d) a relatively planar frangible, visible, metal layer attached to said primer layer, and
e) an adhesive layer attached to said metal layer; wherein said indicia is not visible until becoming permanently visible when said facestock is separated from said release coating.
The labelstock of the invention is unique in that instead of ink, layer d) is a frangible metal which is less than 100 nm in thickness. Hence, the labelstock and its metal layer break as easily as does the labelstock of the Scotch™ Protected Graphics System. That breakage sharply reveals the hidden indicia when the facestock is removed from a substrate to which the labelstock has been adhered. Not only does the residue of the metal layer on the substrate reveal the indicia, but that residue tends to have a grainy appearance of reduced reflectivity, due to its highly frangible nature. Hence, even if the facestock (and its negative of the message) were readhered in precise registration with the message remaining on the substrate, that graininess would make the indicia visible, even at a casual glance. Furthermore, breaks in the metal layer at the margins of the indicia would catch light to enhance its visibility.
In contrast to the possibility of masking the warning message of "SecurMark™" labelstock that does not have internal graphics (as pointed out above), no such subterfuge should be possible with labelstock of the present invention, because a paint or masking material could not be applied over the indicia to look like a metallic film.
The transparent facestock can be any polymeric film that is sufficiently strong and durable to remain substantially unmarred while keeping protected containers closed while they are being handled in distribution. It also should be sufficiently flexible to allow application over discontinuities of the closures of ordinary containers. The facestock is transparent which means it does not mask the metal layer. Thus it can be translucent or colored to an extent not masking the metal layer. A preferred facestock is biaxially oriented polyethyleneterephthalate film, because it is tough, durable, moisture-resistant, dimensionally stable, and has good transparency. Other useful facestock materials include polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, and polycarbonate.
The release coating may be any transparent material that provides a weak bond to the facestock and should be as thin as possible while still serving that function, e.g., normally from 100 to 300 nm in thickness. Preferred release coatings include polyvinyl alcohol, silicones, fluorinated chemicals, and waxes. Especially preferred are Scotch™ Y-110 and Y-112 release solutions which are polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and deionized water.
The transparent primer should be selected to form strong bonds both to the facestock and to the frangible metal layer. A preferred primer is the Scotch™ Y-120 primer solution which is described in detail hereinafter. Another preferred primer is Surflex-Lam Varnish from Del-Val Ink and Color Co. of Riverton, N.J. The thickness of the primer should be sufficient to afford a continuous, planar surface to which the frangible metal layer can be applied, thus ensuring against visible ghost images at the edges of the indicia. To do so, its thickness preferably is about 4 to 6 times the thickness of the release coating. The metal layer should be clearly visible through the primer, facestock and release coating.
Preferred for making the metal layer is aluminum, because it can be inexpensively applied and remains brilliantly reflective for years, being protected from oxygen by other elements of the novel labelstock. Other useful metals include zinc, silver, gold, and copper. It is preferred that the frangible metal layer be highly reflective.
The frangible, metal layer can be vapor deposited by conventional techniques such as a bell-jar technique or a semi-continuous process. Its thickness preferably is great enough to limit its transmission of visible light to not more than 2%, more preferably to less than 1%. When the metal layer is aluminum, its thickness preferably is from 10 to 25 nm, which range provides from about 0.1 to 0.5% transmission of light and an electrical resistance range of about 1 to 2 ohms/sq.
In making labelstock of the invention, visible graphics can be printed over the primer in the same manner as in the Scotch™ Protected Graphics System as long as doing so does not mask the edges of the frangible, metal layer when it breaks to outline the indicia and does not provide a surface that causes ghosting of the indicia. With the same caution, the novel labelstock can instead or also be imprinted with graphics on the exposed surface of its facestock.
The adhesive layer of the novel labelstock should be one that forms strong bonds both to the frangible, highly reflective metal layer and to any substrate to be protected. For convenience of use, the adhesive layer of the novel labelstock may be an aggressive pressure-sensitive adhesive, preferably one of the high-strength acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives recommended in the above-cited "Scotch™ Protected Graphics Systems" brochure, all of which form strong bonds both to metals and to many materials that are used to package drugs, other ingestibles, or articles such as automobile parts and passports to which price or other registration information must be applied. Particularly preferred pressure-sensitive adhesives include copolymers of alkyl acrylates which have a straight chain of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a minor proportion of a highly polar copolymerizable monomer such as acrylic acid such as those in Ulrich U.S. Pat. No. Re: 24,906 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,973,286. A preferred adhesive is a copolymer of isooctylacrylate and acrylic acid described hereinafter.
The invention may be more easily understood in reference to the drawing, all figures of which are schematic. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a cross section through a preferred labelstock of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross section through the label stock of FIG. 1 that had been adhered to a substrate, showing the manner in which it would fail upon any attempt at tampering.
In FIG. 1, a label stock 10 includes a flexible, transparent, polyester film 11 that has been imprinted with a release coating 12 in an invisible repeating pattern of words. Covering the imprinting is a transparent primer coating 14 which in turn is covered by a vapor-deposited layer of metal 16. Laminated to the metal is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 18 on a removable liner 20. In FIG. 2, the liner 20 has been stripped off to permit the labelstock 10 to be adhered by its pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 18 to a substrate 22, and the facestock 11 has been peeled from the substrate. Upon doing so, the labelstock has fractured at its weakest points, viz., between the release coating 12 and the facestock 11 as shown in FIG. 2. Hence, the invisible words of the release coating have been made visible by portions of the metal layer 16 that remain on the substrate 22, and metal remaining on the facestock 11 which shows areas between the words.
The following example is meant to illustrate but not to limit the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
A labelstock of the invention was made using as a facestock a transparent film of biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar-D™ film from E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del.) which is 2 mil (50 microns) thick and 50 inches (127 centimeters) wide. Onto one of the surfaces of the facestock was flexigraphically printed a release solution comprising polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and deionized water (Scotch™ Y-110 release solution, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.). The Y-110 solution had been thinned with a 75/25 parts by volume water/isopropyl alcohol solution to a #2 Zahn-cup viscosity of between 20-25 seconds at 32� C. The release coating after drying was about 200 nm in thickness and produced a repeating pattern of the word "VOID" as an indicia about 0.5 cm in height. The release-coated facestock surface was then flood coated with a transparent primer varnish of Vitel PE-200� polyester (E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del.) dissolved in ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, perchloroethylene and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (Scotch™ Y-120 primer solution, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.).
Printing and coating was performed on a six color, central impression cylinder press made by Paper Converting Machine Company, Green Bay, Wis., containing six printing stations. Between each printing station were jet dryers. An additional 20 feet (6.1 m) of oven-controlled drying was present after the last of the printing stations. The release solution was applied to the web at the first station. Two print stations later the primer was applied. All dryers on the press were set at 275� (128� C.). The line was run at 300 feet (91 m) per minute. After drying, the coated facestock was rolled up into jumbo form for use in vapor coating. The dried primer formed a relatively planar surface across the coated surface of the facestock covering the exposed surfaces of the facestock and release coating. It was 900 nm thick relative to the facestock and about 700 nm thick where it covered the release coating.
The jumbo was placed into the non-heated chamber of a vapor coater containing a heated chamber and a non-heated chamber. Aluminum bars were placed in the heated chamber and heated to 2300� F. (1200� C.). This chamber was pumped down to a pressure below 0.0005 torr and aluminum vapor was created. The facestock was then passed between nip rolls and through the heated chamber, and aluminum was condensed on the coated surface of the facestock. The line speed was about 200 feet (61 m) per minute. Aluminum was coated over the entire primed surface and formed a relatively planar surface. The aluminum layer was between 10 and 25 nm in thickness and was measured in terms of electrical resistance which was converted to light transmission at between 0.13 and 0.5 percent.
The vapor-coated aluminum surface was then laminated with an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The pressure-sensitive adhesive was a 94.5/5.5 percent isooctylacrylate/acrylic acid adhesive as described in Ulrich U.S. Pat. No. Re: 24,906 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,973,286 which was tackified with 65 parts Foral-85, tackifying resin in flake form (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.). The adhesive had been previously bonded to a 50 lb. (22.7 Kg), bleached densified Kraft paper with a silicone release surface on the side which was attached to the adhesive. The adhesive layer had a thickness of about 25 microns. This labelstock containing a liner was then wound up. The word "VOID" was not apparent to the observer of the surface of the labelstock.
For testing, the Kraft paper was removed, and the labelstock was adhered by its acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to a transparent polyester film substrate. A 2-Kg hard rubber roll was passed once in each direction across the labelstock. After dwelling for one day, an attempt was made to peel the labelstock from the polyester film substrate. Upon doing so, the release layer became detached from the facestock, and the metal layer fractured at the borders of the release layer to provide a pattern of the word "VOID" on the polyester film substrate while the negative of the message remained on the facestock. Each of the letters of the message was sharply defined, but had a grainy appearance. Thereafter the same testing was repeated using a variety of substrates including stainless steel, aluminum, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, glass and wood. In every case, the result was the same.
When these experiments were repeated in coldroom at -40� C. (after an overnight dwell), the result was similar except that the lower surface energy materials such as polypropylene did not image as sharply as the higher-surface energy material such as stainless steel.
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FSA touts farm program success in ND stopFARGO, N.D. — Two weeks before the Nov. 2 election in a region with close congressional races, a top U.S. Department of Agriculture administrator made a stop in North Dakota to visit staff to underscore the financial benefits of farm programs.
By: Mikkel Pates, Agweek
FARGO, N.D. — Two weeks before the Nov. 2 election in a region with close congressional races, a top U.S. Department of Agriculture administrator made a stop in North Dakota to visit staff to underscore the financial benefits of farm programs.
Jonathan Coppess, administrator of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Administration, hit Fargo, N.D., on Oct. 19 for a whirlwind of public appearances. At age 36, Coppess is a political appointee with lots of credentials — Ohio farm native, former Archer Daniels Midland grain merchandiser, former legislative aide to Sen. Ben Nelson, D-Neb., and former Chicago lawyer.
He held a news conference in Fargo, N.D., and made appearances on various talk show and interviews. His biggest selling points to farmers — the FSA's beginning farmer loan programs and its permanent disaster program. The political subtext of the visit was that those benefits were delivered recently by Congress and the Obama administration — with an extra kick from the sometimes maligned "stimulus package."
The permanent disaster program, titled the Supplemental Revenue Assistance Program, has had a big effect, Coppess says. North Dakota led the nation in payments from SURE, a program that the region's congressional delegation pushed as a way to avoid ad hoc disaster efforts in Congress whenever there is a weather disaster.
In a related kick, Coppess highlighted the effects of the 2009 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, a signature Obama initiative known as the "stimulus package." That included extra SURE payment.
Coppess says SURE has been one of the "great successes" of the administration. He says it helps an ag economy remain healthy and a "big part" of an economic recovery, even as it provides food to Americans at less than 10 percent of their incomes.
Coppess says the SURE payments are important because they are revenue-based, meaning they compensate farmers for low market value as well as low yields. State FSA Director Aaron Krauter notes that the programs offer "more reward" if the farmer accepts some of the risk.
In a news conference at state FSA headquarters in Fargo, the agency officials brought in two farmers as examples of their success.
Larry Hoffmann, a farmer from Wheatland, N.D., in west-central Cass County and a former county FSA county committeeman, says the stimulus shifted his payments from the 75 percent level he would have been, to a 90 percent "factor" maximum. That effectively doubled the payments he received for the 2008 disaster on a 3,000-acre farm he operates with a son and a brother. His crops suffered from untimely cold and wet conditions in both 2008 and 2009, causing poor-quality grain and resulting in financial discounts at the elevator.
Hoffmann acknowledges he "would have made it" without the SURE program and the stimulus, but that he wouldn't have been able to upgrade his machinery without it.
"In 40 years I've farmed, these programs are the best I've ever had to work with," he says, both in being "farmer-friendly" and "friendly to the agency" that administers them.
Nationally, $1.6 billion have been delivered through SURE recipients, across the entire country, Coppess says.
ND leads the way
North Dakota was the top state, so far, with $259.3 million so far for 2008 SURE payments as of Oct. 18. That includes $164 million under the regular SURE program and another $95 million under the "stimulus" payment. Some 9,000 producers have received payments and another 4,000 applications are pending.
Among the counties so far with the largest SURE payments are Cass, Richland, Sargent and Dickey, in the southeast, each with more than $6 million in payments. In the west, a string of seven counties from Bottineau in the north to Hettinger in the southwest, each received more than $6 million in SURE payments.
Top counties for total SURE payments are McLean, $17.3 million; Hettinger, $16.6 million; and Stutsman, $12.2 million. Top payments on the stimulus SURE payment piece of the program were McLean, $6.4 million; Hettinger, $4.2 million; and Stark, $4.2 million.
The SURE payments are designed to complement crop insurance, which paid out more than $20 million each in 15 counties, led by Stark, $50.7 million; McLean, $43.4 million; and Hettinger, $41.9 million.
Coppess and Krauter note that beginning farmer loan programs are a sign of success.
Spreading the word
They say the programs themselves have not changed significantly in the Obama administration, but that the administration is working harder to publicize them, promoting them with commercial lenders, and has instituted computer monitoring programs that help shift loan dollars to where they're needed much more quickly than in the past.
Jeremy Johnson, 30, of Sharon, N.D., says the FSA's Beginning Farm Loan program helped him start farming in 2005, and — buying out an uncle's operation and coming alongside his father and a brother — to take on his piece of a grain and cattle operation he's been working with since he was a kid.
"I don't think I'd be operating if he didn't have the program," Johnson says. "I think I'd be in an office job."
The 2003 farm business management graduate of North Dakota State University in Fargo says the operating loans started at $300,000 per year but doubled to $600,000 a year to make the same margin of profit to live on. The FSA loans cover some of his real estate machinery. The government programs involve a "major hassle" of paperwork, but that the hassle actually is worth it because it forces young operators to do what they should be doing anyway.
Johnson says a local lender had declined to take on the risk of his loans without FSA participation. One criticism Johnson has of the FSA loans is that grain storage loans that are not mortgage-backed remain limited to $50,000, which was half of one storage bin he built last year. Meanwhile, mortgage-backed loans limits have increased from $250,000 to $500,000.
The state has funded 931 loans in 2010, which is up 127 from the previous year. Those loans totaled $148 million. Of those, 59 percent were for direct operating and direct farm ownership loans for beginning farmers and ranchers. Coppess notes that the loans are more than money, but help borrowers with business plans. Unsubsidized loan guarantees are up $26.8 million in the state, totaling $61.4 million so far in 2010.
Tags: crops, sure, agriculture, farm


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|Chapter 6
|Marketing and Health Promotion: Bicycling is a healthy, fun activity and a convenient, inexpensive way to travel. Nonetheless, many people are not receptive to the idea of bicycling, or to bicycling more frequently. Marketing can influence people's attitudes and behaviors, particularly by promoting the health benefits of bicycling. Marketing is also a relatively inexpensive way to encourage bicycling and can help increase the use of existing infrastructure. The five objectives in this chapter identify how to market and promote bicycling.
|Objective 2
|Stage cost-effective events and programs to encourage bicycling.
Strategy 6
Pilot a car-free day.
Fifteen hundred cities in 40 countries staged "car-free" days in 2004 to encourage people to use transit, bicycle, walk, and telecommute. If successful, expand initiative. Consider staging a "Car-free Challenge," encouraging people to leave their automobiles at home or reducing usage.
|Peformance Measure
|Pilot a car-free day by 2010. Survey the riders and participating city agencies within 2 months of the event completion, to determine how to make the event more successful.
|Tracker Notes
|Status unknown.
<< previous strategy - this strategy - next strategy >>
There are no status updates at this time.
Tracker notes are written by Grid Chicago based on our own research and that from contributors.


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DO EMPLOYERS IN THE U.S. MAKE ROOM FOR WORK-LIFE BALANCE?August 9th, 2012
Maybe the question should be: How does the U.S.accommodate work and safety of families and children?
You may find it notable that the U.S. ranked in the top five of The Atlantic's Best 23 Countries for Work-Life Balance Better Life Index (Index). A goal of the Index is to promote better lives by reducing poverty among working families.
The Index, developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), compares factors like education, housing and environment among its 23 member countries. Results are based on: 1) the share of the labor force that works more than 50 hours a week, 2) time spent on leisure and personal tasks, and 3) employment rates for women who have children.
According to the Index, a government is impacted when parents cannot achieve desired work-life balance because consequences occur which lower the parents' welfare as well as development in the country. Thus, when parents choose between earning and child care, the result is too few children and too little employment.
However, the U.S. is "the only OECD country without a national paid parental leave policy." The reason cited for that is that our governmental structure operates differently than the other member countries.
Key findings in the U.S.
Men are more likely to spend more hours in paid work, while women spend longer hours on unpaid domestic work. (Men in the United States, spend 154 minutes per day cooking, cleaning or caring, higher than the OECD average of 131 minutes, but still less than American women who spend 258 minutes per day on average on domestic work.)
Evidence suggests that long work hours may impair personal health, jeopardize safety and increase stress. (People in the United States work 1 778 hours a year, higher than the OECD average of 1 749 hours.)
The amount and quality of leisure time is important for people's overall well-being and can bring additional physical and mental health benefits. People in the United States devote 66% of their day, or 14.3 hours, to personal care (eating, sleeping, etc.) and leisure (socializing with friends and family, hobbies, games, computer and television use, etc.) – less than the OECD average of 14.8 hours. Fewer hours in paid work for women do not necessarily result in greater leisure time. In the United States, both men and women devote approximately 14 hours per day to personal care and leisure.
A roadmap for corporations to include work-life balance
At the head of improving the work-life balance in the U.S. is the topic of working mothers. It is a challenge for employers, too, who expect their employees to be sitting at a desk from nine to five, particularly in the present economy. Suggestions range from placing more women in high level positions, to creating flexible working arrangements, to availability of more part-time work, to onsite daycare.
Define your work-life balance
To access a calculator that lists your work-leisure hours, visit CNN.
For a tongue-in-cheek perspective at how elite women of society balance work and life, check out Joanna Weiss' Boston Globe article on Boston.com
Allow The Lee Group to help you find work that fits your lifestyle
The Lee Group knows that the best employees are those who find a work-life balance. Talk to a staffing or recruiting professional today about what that looks like for you.
Source: Statistics courtesy of http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/


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do not recall the pose exactly, but I think it was from the Casual Actions for M4 set by IronMan13 that is here at DAZ.
Unable, now, to duplicate the difficulty.
Hi evilded (never thought I'd say that aloud, shudder )
Thanks for letting me know. I have Casual Actions but its in my downloaded-yet-to-install list (another shudder). I'll take a look at those when I get through that list, but if you find anything in the meantime that doesn't work, let me know please.