text:
An improved positioning system for a vehicle is shown. In the system, when radio wave can be received from only one satellite, the current position of the vehicle is computed based on a pair of navigational data, which are brought by radio wave received at the current time and by radio wave received at an earlier time.
1. A system for measuring the position of an object comprising:
receiving means for receiving navigational data radiated from a plurality of satellites and calculating position data and propagating delay time data based on the navigational data received from the plurality of satellites;
computing means, coupled to said receiving means, for calculating the position of the object when said receiving means receives navigational data from at least three satellites, based on the position data and the propagating delay time data calculated by the receiving means;
vector means for detecting the velocity and the angular velocity of the object and calculating a shifted vector amount caused by the displacement of the object during a predetermined time interval based on the detected velocity and the detected angular velocity of the object; and
compound computing means, coupled to said receiving means and said vector means, for calculating the position of the object when said receiving means receives data from at least one satellite but less than three satellites, based on the position data and the propagating delay time data calculated by the receiving means and the shifted vector amount calculated by the vector means.
2. A measuring system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said compound computing means calculates a first circle on which the object is located by intersecting the earth's sphere and a sphere around one of the satellites on the basis of the propagating delay time data received from the receiving means, and calculating a displaced circle by displacing the first circle based on the shifted vector amount received from the vector means, said compound computing means further calculating a second circle on which the object is located on the basis of the propagating delay time data received from the receiving means after the predetermined time interval, by intersecting the earth's sphere and a sphere around one of the satellites, and calculating the position of the object by intersecting the displaced circle and the second circle.
3. A measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said computing means comprises GPS computing means which determines the position of the object on the basis of the navigational datal received from at least three satellites.
4. A measuring system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising guidance means, coupled to the computing means, the vector means and the compound computing means, for displaying the position of the object, said guidance means displaying the position of the object received from said computing means when said receiving means receives navigational data from at least three satellites, the position of the object received from the compound computing means when said receiving means receives navigational data from at least one and less than three satellites, and the position of the object based on the shifted vector amount received from said vector means when said receiving means receives no navigational data.
5. A measuring system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the position of the object is calculated according to the spherical coordinates of the earth with a radial variable constantly fixed to the earth's radius.
6. A measuring system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the constant radial variable is corrected using geoid.
7. A measuring system as claimed in claim 6, wherein said measuring system further comprises an altimeter measuring the altitude of the object and further correctng the constant radial variable.
8. A measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said vector means comprises an optical fiber gyro for detecting the angular velocity of the object and a sensor for sensing the velocity of the object.
(1) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a positioning system for a vehicle.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, a positioning system used, for instance, for the route guidance unit for a vehicle employed for the most cases the system in which the vector that represents the shifted position of the vehicle is detected by means of a vehicle speed sensor and a direction sensor and the current position of the vehicle is found by integrating the values of the vector with respect to a reference position. In such a system, however, the detection errors in these sensors are accumulated as they appear so that it was necessary to provide some measures for removing these errors. With such a circumstance in mind, there has been proposed a positioning system which makes use of satellites called global positioning system (GPS) that is free from the problem of accumulation of these errors.
However, in GPS radio waves must be received simultaneously from three or more satellites to carry out a computation determining a current position of the vehicle, so that it fails to be feasible in an area where a plurality of GPS satellites cannot be observed.
An object of the invention is to provide a positioning system for a vehicle which makes it possible to carry out position measurement if only at least one satellite is observable.
Another object of the invention is to provide a positioning system for a vehicle, capable of finding the absolute coordinates of the vehicle when it is in city zones or areas among mountains, and in addition even when it is in a time zone in which the number of observable satellites is small.
These and other objects, feature and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art positioning system for a vehicle.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for illustrating the receiving condition of a vehicle which is driving in a city zone.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram for the positioning system for a vehicle utilized in the route guidance unit according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for the GPS computation system according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart for the GPS computation system.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are explanatory diagrams for the vector computation system according to the invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart for the vector computation system according to the invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for the compound computation system accoding to the invention.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart for the compound computation system according to the invention.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart concerning the display in the route guidance unit according to the invention.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for an example of display of a driving locus according to the invention.
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, a brief reference will be made to a prior art illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
GPS consists, as shown by FIG. 1, of three GPS satellites Si (Sa, Sb, Sc) that radiate their respective navigational data at predetermined times, an omnidirectional antenna 1 which receives radio waves from these satellites, and a receiving apparatus 3 which analyzes and computes the radio waves received by the antenna 1.
The satellite Si has an atomic clock therein, and transmits with a predetermined timing its own current position as a radio wave (at 1575.42 MHz) which is represented as a PN (pseudo-noise) code. The current position Pi of a satellite Si may be represented by Pi (Ri, θi, ψi) in terms of the spherical coordinates of the system that has the center of the earth as the reference point.
The receiving apparatus 3 includes a PN signal processing section 3a and a positioning computation section 3b.
The PN signal processing section 3a demodulates the high frequency signal (PN code) which is spectrally diffused. The positioning computation section 3b decodes the demodulated PN code to find the current position Pi for each satellite and also evaluates the distance Di between each satellite Si and the receiving position by multiplying the propagation delay time for the radio wave emitted by each satellite by the velocity of light. Here, the propagation delay time Δtdi is obtained by subtracting the offset time Δtu (bias in the clock) from the measured phase difference Δti.
As shown in FIG. 1, if three satellites can be observed, the longitude θ, the latitude ψ, and the offset time Δtu for the vehicle can be found by deriving and solving a set of three-dimensional simultaneous equations. If the height (altitude) of the vehicle is desired in addition, it means that the number of unknowns is augmented by one so that it becomes necessary to have four satellites that can be observed simultaneously. The computation system for determining the position of the vehicle by means of a plurality of satellites that can be observed simultaneously will be referred to in what follows as the GPS computation system.
Since, however, such an existing positioning system that uses GPS is a system which permits position measurement only when a plurality (three, for example) of satellites are observable simultaneously, there is a problem that the position measurement fails to be feasible in driving in city zones where it may not always be possible to observe a plurality of GPS satellites, as shown by FIG. 2.
Referring now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the invention is shown. A positioning system 15 for a vehicle includes GPS receiving means 5 which receives a navigational data radiated at predetermined times from a satellite to analyze the position and the propagation delay time for the satellite, GPS computing means 7 which computes the receiving position by collecting the position and the propagation delay time as analyzed by the GPS receiving means 5 for a plurality of satellites, vector detecting means 9 which detects the shift amount of the vehicle as a vector, vector computing means 11 which computes the vector quantity for the shift amount of the vehicle by receiving the detection signal from the vector detecting means 9, and compound computing means 13 which computes the receiving position at a later time by receiving with a time interval the position and the propagation delay time for the satellite from the GPS receiving means 7 and the vector quantity representing the amount of vehicle shift which occurred during that interval from the vector computing means 11.
In FIG. 4 is shown a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
The positioning system for a vehicle 15 includes a receiving apparatus 17 which corresponds to the receiving means 5 of FIG. 3, a detection apparatus 19 which corresponds to the vector detecting means 9 of FIG. 3, and a position computation apparatus 23 which has built-in computing means 7, 11, and 13 and an attached altimeter 21, with an arrangement in which the output from the position computation apparatus 23 is transmitted to a route guidance unit 25.
The receiving apparatus 17 has in its inside a PN signal processing section as shown in the prior art example, and analyzes the navigational data sent from the satellites Si (Sa, Sb, Sc, . . . ) via the antenna 1.
The vector detection apparatus 19 includes an optical fiber gyro 27 of frequency modulation system and a vehicle speed sensor 29. The optical fiber gyro 27 detects the angular velocity Ω of the vehicle while the vehicle speed sensor 29 detects the velocity V of the vehicle.
The position computation apparatus 23 consists, for example, of a microcomputer.
(I) Computational Process in the GPS Computing Means
Consider as shown by FIG. 5 a rectangular coordinate system with the center 0 of the earth 31 as the origin, X-Y plane in the equatorial plane, and Z axis passing through the north pole N. The vehicle position P may be represented by the spherical coordinates (r, θ, ψ) where r is the radial distance (radius of the earth), θ is the latitude with the Z axis as the reference, and ψ is the longitude with the X axis as the reference.
Assume that the vehicle is currently at the position P(r, θ, ψ) and that three satellites Si, namely, Sa, Sb, and Sc are observable.
The radio waves radiated from the satellites Sa, Sb, and Sc are caught by the omnidirectional antenna 1 and are input to the receiving apparatus 17. At the receiving apparatus 17 the high frequency signal which is spectrally diffused by the PN code is demodulated and at the same time the phase difference Δti of the PN code in terms of time received by the built-in clock is detected.
Through demodulation of the PN signals, the positions Pi [Pa (ra, θa, ψa), Pb (rb, θb, ψb) Pc (rc, θc, ψc)] for the respective satellites and the respective phase differences Δti (Δta, Δtb, Δtc) will be found.
In the phase difference Δti for each of the satellite Sa, Sb, and Sc there is included the offset time (the bias with respect to the atomic clock in the GPS satellite) Δtu of the built-in clock in the GPS receiving apparatus. The phase differences Δti (Δta, Δtb, Δtc) are the sum of the propagation delay times Δtdi for the radio waves radiated from the respective satellites to reach the observation point (vehicle position) on the earth and the offset time Δtu, and may be represented by the following equation.
Δti =Δtdi +Δtu =Di /C+Δtu (1)
where C is the velocity of light, Di is the distance and i=a, b, and c.
Here, the distance Di between the satellite Si and the vehicle position P can be represented by the following expression in terms of their rectangular coordinates.
Di 2 =(xi -x)2 +(yi -y)2 +(zi -z)2 ( 2)
Substituting the relations
Xi =Ri ·sin θi ·cos ψi, Yi =Ri ·θi ·sin ψi, Zi =Ri ·cos θi
X=r·sin θ·cos ψ, Y=r·sin θ·sin ψ, Z=r·cos θ
that express the rectangular coordinates in terms of the spherical coordinates for the satellite and the vehicle position, respectively, into Eq. (2), expanding the squares and rearranging, one obtains
Di 2 =ri 2 +r2 -2Ri r{cos θi ·cos θ+sin θi ·sin θ·cos (ψi -ψ)}.
By expressing cos θi ·cos θ and sin θi ·sin θ as combinations of cos (θi -θ) and cos (θi +θ) the above equation becomes
Di2 =ri 2 +r2 -ri r{cos (θi -θ)[1+cos (ψi -ψ)]+cos (θi +θ)[1-cos (ψi -ψ) ]} (3)
From Eqs. (1) and (3) there is obtained
Di 2 =C2 (Δti -Δtu)2 =ri 2 +r2 -ri r{[1+cos (ψi -ψ)]cos (θi -θ)+[1=cos (ψi -ψ)]cos (θi +θ)} (4)
where i=a, b, and c.
Equation (4) includes three unknowns, namely, the offset time Δtu of the clock and the angular variables θ and ψ of the current position P of the vehicle so that they can be determined by solving the set of three-dimensional simultaneous equations obtained by writing down Eq. (4) for three satellites Sa, Sb, and Sc.
It should be noted that if use is made of the height h obtained by the altimeter 21, then the height of the vehicle can also be known without increasing the number of the satellites to be observed.
In FIG. 6 is shown a processing flow chart for the GPS computing means 7.
In step 403 the positions Pi and the phase differences Δti for three satellites Si and the height h from the altimeter 21 are input, in step 405 the vehicle position P(r, θ, ψ) is computed, and in step 407 the result of the above computation is output to the route guidance unit 25.
(II) Computational Process in the Vector Computing Mean
The formula for computing the angular velocity [rad/sec] of the vehicle by means of the optical fiber gyro 27 of frequency modulation system is given by
Ω=λ/2R1 (fo =Fo) (5)
where λ is the wavelength (m) of the laser light, R1 is the radius (m) of the fiber loop, fo is the frequency (Hz) of the high frequency signal, Fo is a constant (Hz). Therefore, it becomes possible to detect the angular velocity Ω of rotation by counting the frequency fo (see Optical Wave Electronic Engineering, Corona Publishing Company, p.281).
From the angular velocity Ω of the vehicle, the vector quantity for the shiftings of the vehicle (variations Δθ and Δψ for the latitude and the longitude, respectively) can be found in the following way.
As shown in FIG. 7, with the vehicle position P1 at the beginning of measurement as the origin, X axis is taken in the direction of the east and Y axis is taken in the direction of the north. By setting time t=0 when the vehicle is at P1 where it is running in the direction of γ with respect to the X axis, a new axis X' is chosen along the direction of running γ and a new axis Y' is chosen perpendicular to it. Then, the vehicle position P2 (Δx', Δy') after elapse of time t=t0 is given by the following equations.
ΔX'=∫V(t)·cos [∫Ω(t)dt]dt (6)
ΔY'=∫V(t)·sin [∫•(t)dt]dt (7)
where V(t) and Ω(t) are the instantaneous values of V and Ω at time t.
The transformation of the coordinataes x' and y' of the point P2 given by Eqs. (6) and (7), respectively, to x and y coordinates are represented by the following.
Δx=Δx'·cos γ-Δy'·sin γ(8)
Δy=Δx'·sin γ-Δy'·cos γ(9)
Referring to FIG. 8, the shift Δx in the longitudinal direction and the shift Δy in the latitudinal direction given by Eqs. (8) and (9), respectively, are seen to correspond to a latitude change Δψ and a longitude change Δθ as shown below.
Δψ=Δx/r, Δθ=Δy/r (10)
The vector values Δθ and Δψ for the amount of shift in the vehicle thus obtained as in Eq. (10) are fed to the compound computing means 13 or the route guidance unit 25 as indicated in FIG. 3.
Although it is arranged in this embodiment to feed the vector quantities Δθ and Δψ to the route guidance unit 25, it is of course possible to feed the values of Δx and Δy instead of Δθ and Δθ to represent a processing chart for the vector computing them directly on a CRT.
In FIG. 9 is illustrated a processing chart for the vector computing mean 21.
In step 703, angular velocity Ω from the optical fiber gyro 27 as well as the vehicle speed V from the vehicle speed sensor 29 are input. In step 705 Δx' and Δy', in step 707 Δx and Δy, and in step 709 Δθ and Δψ are computed respectively. In step 711, the results of these computation are output to the route guidance unit 25 or the compound computing means 13.
(III) Computational Process in the Compound Computing Means
Assume that it is not possible to observe simultaneously two satellites from the vehicle position P such that one satellite is observed at time T1 and another at time T2.
The satellites Si in this case could be the same satellite as observed with a time interval so long as it is not a geostationary satellite. However, preferably observations of separate satellites that are situated a distance apart be made in succession.
(i) Suppose that a satellite Sa (Υa, θa, ψa) alone was observed at time T1.
Assume that the (unknown) vehicle position is given by P1 (r, θ1, ψ1) (considering the radius r of the earth to be constant) and that the bias of the clock with respect to the atomic clock has already been corrected for.
First, from the result of analysis of the navigational data which is sent from the satellite Sa, the current position Pa (ra, θa, ψa) of the satellite Sa in the spherical coordinate system with the center 0 of the earth 31 as the origin and the distance Di between the satellite Si and the vehicle can be determined. Here, the propagation delay time Δtdi is to be determined by subtracting the offset time Δtu from the phase difference Δti that has been measured previously.
Then, the (unknown) current position P1 lies somewhere on the intersection e of the sphere of radius Da with the satellite Sa as the center and the sphere (earth) of radius r.
In the triangle that has three points 0, Pa, and P1 as its vertices, the angle Pa OP1 (planar angle) which is called α may be given from the cosine law as
cos α=(Ra 2 +r2 -Da 2)/2rRa (11)
The coordinates of the foot H of the perpendicular from the point P1 to the straight line joining two points Pa and O are given by H(r', θa, ψa) where from the right triangle OP1H one has
r'=r cos α (12)
Furthermore, since the current position P1 (r, θ1, ψ1) lies on the circle e of radius P1 H with the point H as the center, the distance l1 between the points P1 and H (radius of the circle e) may be represented by the following by referring to Eq. (3).
l2 =r2 +r'2 -2rr'{cos (θ-θa)[1+cos (ψ-ψa)]+cos (θ+θa)[1-cos (ψ-ψa)]} (13)
Substituting l1 =r·sin α and Eq. (12) into Eq. (13) the equation for the intersection e is obtained as (with cos α=0)
0=cos α-cos (θ-θa)[1+cos (ψ-ψa)]-cos (θ+θa)[1-cos (ψ-ψa)] (14)
(ii) Suppose that the vehicle which was at the point P1 at time T1 moved to the point P2 at time T2.
The shifts of the vehicle during the time T2 -T1, namely, the changes in the latitude and the longitude θ and ψ, respectively, are represented from Eqs. (8)-(10) by
Δθ=(1/r)(Δx'·sin γ+Δy'·cos γ),
Δψ=(1/r)(ΔX'·cos γ-Δy'·sin γ) (15)
where Δx' and Δy' are given by Eqs. (6) and (7).
Since the vehicle position P1 (r, θ, ψ) lies on the circle e that satisfies Eq. (14), the vehicle position P2 at time T2 lies on a curve f obtained by replacing θ by (θ-Δθ) and ψ by (ψ+Δψ) in Eq. (14).
In other words, if the vehicle which was on the curve e at time T1 moved by a fixed vector quantity (Δθ, Δψ), then the vehicle will be at time T2 on a curve f which is obtained by parallel displacing the curve e by a fixed vector quantity (-Δθ, Δψ).
Here, by referring to Eq. (14), the equation for the curve f is given by
cos α-cos (θ-θa -Δθ)[1+cos (ψ-ψa +Δψ)]-cos (θ+θa -Δθ)[1-cos (ψ-ψa +Δψ)]=0 (16)
(iii) Assume that a satellite Sb alone is observed at time T2.
If it is assumed that at time T2 only the radio wave radiated by a satellite Sb is received, then the current position Pb of the satellite Sb and the distance Db between the satellite Sb and the vehicle position P can be known.
The current position P2 (r, θ, ψ) lies on the intersection g (a circle) of the sphere of radius Db with center at the satellite Sb and the earth which is a sphere of radius r.
In the triangle with three points 0, Pb, and P2 as its vertices, the angle Pb OP2 which is called β can be given from the cosine law by the following.
cos β=(Rb 2 +r2 -Db 2)/2rRb (17)
Analogous to the procedure by which Eq. (14) was obtained the equation for the curve g is given (with cos β 0) by
0=cos β-cos (θ-θb)[1+cos (ψ-ψb)]-cos (θ+θb)[1-cos (ψ-ψb)] (18)
(iv) Evaluation of the vehicle position P2 at time T2.
Since the current position P2 of the vehicle (at time T2) is situated at the intersecting point of the curve f defined by Eq. (16) and the curve g defined by Eq. (18), the current position P2 (r, θ, ψ) can be defined as the solution to the set of simultaneous equations formed by Eqs. (16) and (18).
It should be remembered here that although there exist two possible solutions to the above set only the intersecting point that is located in the region of special interest need be taken as the acceptable solution.
In the manner explained in the foregoing, if the radio waves radiated intermittently from at least one satellite can be received, then the vehicle position at times T1, T2, T3, . . . at which the radio waves are received intermittently can be evaluated.
It should be noted here that the form of the earth is represented by the equipotential surface of the gravitational field called geoid, and the distance r from the center of the earth to the mean sea level at a region of interest can be represented by
r+Δr (Δr: regional correction value).
Therefore, when the vehicle is near 0 m from sea level, its current position P2 (r1, θ, ψ) may be evaluated from Eqs. (11), (15), and (17) by setting the radius of the earth to
r1 =r+Δr
Moreover, when the vehicle is operated in a region other than 0 m from sea level, the current position P2 (r2, θ, ψ) may be evaluated by measuring the altitude h by means of the altimeter 21 and by replacing the radius of the earth in the above three equations by
r2 =r1 +h
In this manner a highly precise position determination that takes into account the form of the earth and the altitude can be realized.
The processings in the compound computing means 13 are shown in FIG. 11 as a flow chart.
The processings in each of the steps 903 through 917 are the same as have already been described in the foregoing so that no further explanation will be given. What is meant by initial value setting for inertial navigation in step 919 is to use the current vehicle position P2 (r, θ, ψ) or P2 (r2, θ, ψ) thus determined as the starting point of the inertial navigational. Further, step 921 means that the obtained information is to be output to the route guidance unit 15.
In FIG. 12 is illustrated a processing flow chart concerning the route display.
The route guidance unit 25 includes a CRT (see FIG. 4) on which is displayed the locus of the vehicle.
Step 1003 is for judging whether a display by means of the inertial navigation should be carried out, and the display by the inertial navigation is continued until the error in the display becomes tolerable (for a duration in which the vehicle runs, for example, 1-5 km). When the inertial navigation is judged to be displayed, it received in step 1005 the vector quantity (Δθ, Δψ) or (Δx, Δy) from the vector computing means 21, and processes integration and display in step 1007.
After completing the inertial navigation in step 1009, it proceeds to step 1011 via step 1003 in order to have the absolute coordinates of the vehicle position, where the observation conditions on the satellites are judged.
If there are over three satellites that can be observed, it proceeds to step 1013 where it lets the GPS computing means 7 shown in FIG. 3 carry out the computation based on the usual GPS computation system, and receives the result of the computation to display the current position of the vehicle.
On the other hand, if the number of observable satellites is less than three, for instance, one, it proceeds to step 1015 where it is arranged to display in step 1017 the result of computation carried out in the compound computing means 13. Further, if in step 1015 none of the satellites is observable, it proceeds to step 1019 where it is arranged to continue the inertial navigation.
FIG. 11 illustrates the processing conditions of the route guidance unit 25 shown in FIG. 4.
In FIG. 13 suppose that the vehicle runs from the point P3 on the left of the figure toward the point P15.
The small circle on the points P3, P4, and P5 indicate that they are displays of the result of the GPS computation mentioned in step 913 above. Such a display becomes possible when a plurality of satellites are observable under such conditions as the vehicle is on a piece of flat land 33 and it is in the time zone in which a large number of satellites are observable. The arrows along the path indicate that they are displays due to the inertial navigation.
As soon as the vehicle enters a tunnel 35 at the point P6 none of the satellites becomes observable while it remains inside of the tunnel 35, so that it has to rely solely upon the inertial navigation by the processing indicated by step 1019 of FIG. 12 until it clears the tunnel 35 to arrive at the point P8.
Now, when the vehicle enters a city zone 37, the number of observable satellites is reduced as in the former example illustrated in FIG. 12, and also the possible observation of the satellites becomes intermittent. Similarly, in an area among the mountains 39 the chances of having reduced number of observable satellites increases.
For instance, if at time T2 (at point P9) just one satellite alone is observable, point P9 need only be determined by means of the compound computation system by using the information on the one satellite that was observed at time T1 at the previous point P8 and the vector quantity for the amount of shift utilized for the inertial navigation from point P8 to point P9.
The points P10 through P14 are determined similarly. When a plurality (for instance, three) of satellites become observable, it is only necessary to display the result of computation by the GPS computing means 7, as indicated for point P15. In the figure, the coordinates computed by the compound computation system are indicated by a small triangular mark.
As in the foregoing, by arranging to display the coordinates of the vehicles as determined by the GPS computation system and the compound computation system in addition to the inertial navigation, it becomes possible to display the vehicle locus extremely accurately, providing a vehicle guidance which is highly reliable.
Although the vehicle is assumed to be in motion for all times in the compound computation system in the above, it is to be noted that it is possible to determine the vehicle position by making observation on two satellites at times with a time interval while the vehicle is standing still for a fixed length of time, and they by applying the system shown in the flow chart of FIG. 11.
Various modifications will become possible for those skilled in the art after receiving the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope thereof.
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WATCH: How To Run The Bulls
Mike Sternoff | Posted 02.09.2013 | Travel
Read More: Pamplona Bull Run, Travel, Spain, Pamplona, Travel Blogs, Running of the Bulls, Sternoff, Mike Sternoff, Mike-Sternoff, Video, Travel News
A few years back I packed up everything I owned and headed to Europe for a few months. My plan was to run with the bulls. I'm sure it had something to do with Hemingway.
It looks like something out of a dream, but Machu Picchu is a product of hard labor -- an ancient city built into the clouds by hand.

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Most cases of
food poisoning will go away in a few days with rest
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the most frequent complication of food poisoning. Older persons and children
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To prevent dehydration, take
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rehydration drink (such as Pedialyte). Try to drink a cup of water or rehydration drink for each large,
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Try to stay with your normal
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For older children, give ½ cup
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USL and Diageo bosses to head Indian alcobev industry
Mumbai, 1 October 2012: The Confederation of Indian Alcoholic Beverage Companies (CIABC), the apex body of the wine and spirits industry in India, has announced the appointment of Mr. Ashok Capoor, President and Managing Director, United Spirts Ltd. (USL), as its new Chairman and Ms. Abanti Sankaranarayanan, Managing Director, Diageo India, as the new Vice-Chairman of the industry body.
Ashok Capoor took over as USL's President and Managing director in May last year. He has been with the UB Group since 1992 as Division Vice President and had earlier worked in the highly regulated tobacco and alcoholic beverages sector. He is known as a stickler for good governance and performance.
On taking over, Mr Capoor, said in a media release, "CIABC is committed to enforcing self-discipline amongst members for promoting responsible consumption of alcohol. We are collaborating actively with the Global Alcohol Producers Group to align closely with policy makers and consolidate individual CSR efforts to the industry level."
Abanti Sankaranarayanan joined Diageo India in 2010 and was promoted
as Managing Director this year. Wellknown for her brand marketing expertise, she is charged with leading Diageo India's ambitious expansion plans. Prior to joining Diageo, she was a part of the Tata Administrative Services since 1992. She grew within the group over 18 years, before leaving from her post of Executive Director and Deputy CEO at Mount Everest Mineral Water.
"There are several areas of common interest within the alcohol beverage industry particularly in the areas of taxation, regulation, and responsible marketing and
promotion. I am committed to working with CIABC and other industry
players to move these forward," said Ms Sankaranarayanan in a statement.
As noted in the CIABC company release, the current scenario for the beverage alcohol industry is one of both challenges and opportunities. The industry is looking forward to the leadership of the new guard.


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Groups' complaint says that EPA failed to consider public comments during re-write of Waters of the United States regulation
JBS will acquire Cargill pork business for $1.45 billion, pending regulatory review
USDA wants you to grill the products of American ag 'like a pro' this Fourth of July
Farm business weekly review
Ag groups file suit on Waters of the U.S…
JBS, Cargill to merge pork businesses
Food safety first: Grilling like a pro
U of I's N-Watch study is cautiously optimistic. However, canopy color in the next few weeks will give a better indication.
Illinois soybean field days focus on higher yields
Is it too late to use a residual herbicide?
Ag groups file suit on Waters of the U.S. rule
Chef Dave Zino, Beef Ambassadors & Miss Patty Melt Made Appearances on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., on June 27-28
APHIS approves regional Argentina, Brazil beef import
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Top ten take-home messages from the Farm Futures Summit
Insight into hot issues for American agriculture
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Sherlock Holmes
Release date: Friday December 25, 2009
Genre: Thriller, Action, Crime, Drama
Director: Guy Ritchie
Studio: Warner Bros. Pictures
Screenplay: Max Mayer
Producer(s): Dan Lin, Joel Silver, Lionel Wigram, Steve Clark-Hall, Susan Downey
Cast: Robert Downey Jr., Jude Law, Rachel McAdams, Mark Strong, Kelly Reilly
Official Site: sherlock-holmes-movie.warnerbros.com
Rating: Not Yet Rated
Available film art: Sherlock Holmes movie posters
In a dynamic new portrayal of Arthur Conan Doyle's most famous characters, Sherlock Holmes sends Holmes (Robert Downey Jr.) and his stalwart partner Watson (Jude Law) on their latest challenge.
Revealing fighting skills as lethal as his legendary intellect, Holmes will battle as never before to bring down a new nemesis and unravel a deadly plot that could destroy the country.
Tags: jude law, Movie Posters, movie trailer, robert downey junior, sherlock holmes


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Copyright actually makes books disappear, according to study
July 6, 2013 | 6:00 pm
By Paul St John Mackintosh
You've long suspected it, and now here's an academic study to prove it: Copyright actually makes books disappear.
"A random sample of new books for sale on Amazon.com shows three times more books initially published in the 1850's are for sale than new books from the 1950's. Why? This paper presents new data on how copyright seems to make works disappear," runs the abstract of the study, How Copyright Makes Books and Music Disappear (and How Secondary Liability Rules Help Resurrect Old Songs), by Professor Paul J. Heald (pictured at left), of the University of Illinois College of Law, and visiting professor at the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management (CIPPM) at Britain's Bournemouth University.
The full text of the paper can be found here.
Heald's study tests the justification for copyright extension, increasingly popular in the media industry, "that after a work is created, it needs to be protected for a significant period of time to assure its continued availability and distribution.
In the words of one commentator, a work may need "proper husbandry" in order to assure its continued exploitation. Powerful copyright lobbyists presently circle the globe advocating ever longer terms of copyright protection based on this under-exploitation hypothesis—that bad things happen when a copyright expires, the work loses its owner, and it falls into the public domain."
For his study, Heald took "a random sample of 2300 new books for sale on Amazon.com," also performing a similar analysis on music. "Copyright status correlates highly with absence from the Amazon shelf," he concluded. "Together with publishing business models, copyright law seems to stifle distribution and access."
Heald, admittedly, has been plowing this furrow for quite a few years now, quoting his own earlier papers from years ago in this study.
This time around, however, he's employing a new methodological take that completely reinforces his earlier conclusions. He used statistical techniques to compensate for effects such as the growth in population of the United States and the volume of books published.
The results only made the impact of copyright even more pronounced.
Furthermore, Heald demonstrates that publishers are only damaging their own businesses by delaying the admission of works into the public domain. Even copyright-free, such works actually get sold, as his data proves. These are not Project Gutenberg freebies: Those works are offered on the Amazon shelves for sale. But publishers lack incentive to shift long-tail backlist titles, which tend to languish neglected in the copyright warehouse. Once in the public domain, however, they flourish.
From Heald's conclusion:
"The data presented in this article demonstrate that there is a market for these missing works, illustrated bluntly by the fact that there are three times as many new books from the 1850's for sale on Amazon than books from the 1950's. Ever-longer term extensions exacerbate the availability and distribution crisis by delaying the moment when the market can intervene and restart production."
The White House Task Force on High-Tech Patent Issues has been pushing for reform to U.S. intellectual property law in the realm of patents to re-energize American innovation. Is it any surprise that similar regulations in the area of copyright have equally stultifying effects on cultural productivity? Heald's report is just one more stone in the balance weighing against Big Media's specious and self-interested campaign for copyright limit extension.
Set the works free. Ultimately, even the IP monopolists can only gain.
Another 'Permission Culture' Landmine
Morning Links: Apple Receives Helen Keller Award. 1990s Guide to the Web
Morning Link: eBook Subscription Legal in France. Metadata Good For Book Sales
American Library Association doesn't welcome the CODE Act
A fine, fine spine design
The idea of a book in the public domain being for sale is an anachronism in the digital age. This alone would make these statistics quite suspect. Availability for sale is far too narrow a definition of availability. Gutenberg is every bit as important as Amazon in an analysis of this sort.
I publish public domain books that are heavily annotated — Agatha Christie's The Complete, Annotated Mysterious Affair at Styles and Dorothy L. Sayers' The Complete Annotated Whose Body? — and have more in the works. I've been annotating Sayers' Lord Peter novels online for more than a decade, so it was an easy jump to offering ebook and trade paperback versions for fans who become even more immersed in the world of 1920s England, where they can learn about land girls, spill vases, why strychnine was a tonic and so forth.
So it's obvious to me that there's a market for these books, and a way to return interesting books that have vanished. There are publishers who hold a life-of-copyright license for works that they deliberately let fall out of print, and there's nothing authors can do about them (although some are returning to print through ebooks through companies such as Open Road Media).
Chris and Bill make excellent points.
1) There is a market for well formatted, typo-free public domain books.
2) There is a market for "enhanced" public domain books — annotated, illustrated, accompanied by short essays on related topics (like DVD extras).
These enhanced books may not support $12.99 list price; but $1.99 to $4.99 is a plausible zone, depending on what the value add is.
As for public domain rules being detrimental to distribution: anyone can see that and it is frustrating in an age where books represent electronic space and not paper-based. The 70 years since author death rule is absurd. Protecting content within the lifetime of the creator, or for a significant period of time for a corporate creator, is important. But at some point this becomes an impediment.
I'd like to see 30 years from the date of creation as an outside period, renewable once for 20 years thereafter. In the case of living authors perhaps that one-time renewal can be automatic unless revoked. If something still has commercial value after 30 years, bravo: you get another 20. But after 50 years of distribution maximum, there is sufficient case to be made that the creation has become part of popular culture and ought to be set free.
Mark Twain explained copyright better than anyone ever.
"Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet." —Mark Twain
"A day is coming, when, in the eye of the law, literary property will be as sacred as whisky, or any other of the necessaries of life." —Mark Twain
Why public domain at all? Shouldn't the author have the choice of leaving the intellectual property to their descendants (along with any royalties or other compensation)? Why should someone other than family have the right to make money off of someone's work?
This irks me to no end. It's like saying to the Rockefeller's and Morgan's (or any other rich family) that they cannot hand down their money, because someone outside the family has the right to use it for their own gain.
It's bad enough that there are pirate sites that steal works from authors (and other creatives) on a daily basis. Now some want to say that copyright shouldn't have any value at all, it seems. Popular culture is owed nothing – let them create their own stories.
The problem lies not in the existence of copyright, but its duration and the unwillingness of copyright holders to publish.
Those books from the 50s, 60s, and 70s aren't available because their authors and their copyright-holding heirs either aren't sufficiently tech-savvy to understand how easily they can be published electronically, or don't understand that they still have value. In the case of more recent titles, the problem lies with the publishers, who all too often retain copyrights that they have no intention of using.
Rather than "simply set the works free" the solution lies in:
1) limiting copyright to a term less insane than the current life + 70 or life +50 as in most of the world. Assuming the need to care for a dependant child, life + 21 is justifiable, but no more. There are may other possible schemes, but the current standard is completely unsupportable.
2) returning copyright to those willing to exploit it. If any work does not earn $10,000 for five consecutive years, copyright should immeditately revert to the original copyright holder. That would prevent a publisher's demanding exclusivity for the duration of copyright in case it turns into the next Harry Potter & the 50 Shades of Twilight, and then letting it languish. When copyright reverts, the writer will be highly motivated to making the work available. All the writer nees then is a little training.
This guy seems to have researched everything about copyright except its purpose, which is to protect the owner of the copyright and the work from theft. Sure a work might be more visible if it was copyright free, but a fat lot of good that would do the person who created it. Without the protection a copyright provides, an author or musician has no ownership of their own intellectual property. The works Amazon (and i-Tunes and other distributers) distributes do not belong to them nor do they belong to the publishers who sell through them. They belong to the individual artists who created the works. We essentially lease our works to these entities for a certain period of time. The artist owns the copyright and that's how it ought to be. This is a dangerous message this man is disseminating to the many many new writers who want so desperately to be read. In order to get people to acquire their work, they are supposed to give up all control of it (in giving up their copyright). What happens is that if someone else deems the work to have value, THEY copyright it and the author or musician loses control of it and profit from it.
Since I've spent months writing each of my 62 novels published, I don't see why I should give them away to the world for nothing. It's how I earn my living, for heaven's sake. Do people think authors don't need to eat, put a roof over their heads and buy clothes etc?
I agree with Kat and Chris. I've worked hard to get where I am. I ought to be able to leave what I've created to my children and grandchildren.
I get furious at the thieves who steal my books. (Pirates is too glamorous a word.) I'd like to see how they'd feel if they had months of work stolen. And when it's a lot of my books, years of work. I work ten-hour days at my work.
All this really shows is that there are publishers who mechanically churn out copyright-free books for e-publication or print-on-demand. A really feeble bit of academic analysis.
Anna, if you will spend a few moments reading up on U.S. copyright law (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States), a lot of angst will be spared. A copyright is not real property. It's simply a government granted, time-limited monopoly with a good number of fair use exceptions. Copyright protects very little of what we write. It doesn't apply to facts and ideas, only the unique expression of those things. Thus, what copyright protects is pretty darn ephemeral. Invest your royalties in real property or securities and pass that on to your heirs. Or buy a big motor home with a tag that says, "I'm spending my kids" inheritance …" See: http://www.tagsamerica.com/6×12/im-spending-inheritance.html
Elizabeth Ann Scarborough asserts that the purpose of copyright is to "protect the owner of … the work from theft." This is a common misperception.
Lydia Pallas Loren is Associate Professor of Law, Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College. Her essay, "The Purpose of Copyright" is one of the clearest I have yet encountered. It's definitely worth a close read:
Spoiler: They (the framers of the U.S. Constitution) expressly provided for the purpose of copyright: to promote the progress of knowledge and learning.
Frank, you might want a big motor home. I want to tell stories – and make money as a side effect.
I don't want to give my work away for nothing. I have living expenses. I don't care how copyright works, and if it protects my unique way of telling a story, that's OK by me. I'm Australian, by the way, not American.
Elizabeth Ann, I'm with you all the way.
Edwin, my first books were published in the 70s. Why should I give them away now? You go and give away all you earn. I'd like to keep my earnings and pass my intellectual capital to my children – who are not so young now! But still . . .
All this study does is prove what many have known for decades (long before e-books became important), long periods of copyright are meant to protect the big name authors. Mid-list authors, or even former big-name authors whose work has fallen out of fashion will often all but disappear.
I remember talking to a representative of NESFA about 10 years ago at a Science Fiction convention. They are a club based publishing group that at the time specialized in publishing the out of print works of classic science fiction authors. The biggest challenge was usually finding the author or their heirs. No professional publisher would have taken the effort; it wasn't profitable enough.
Its simple really, with a few exceptions, the book market is driven by novelty. Even former best sellers will often not make enough money to keep them in print indefinitely. Sure some books will become classics, but even those classics represent at best a small stream income compared to a big best seller.
Ultimately therefore, the question of overly long copyright is not really a question of public domain versus private ownership of a novel. Its a question of public domain versus extinction.
@Anna Jacobs, so do you expect your grandkids and great-grandkids to go to the effort of keeping your books available to the public? Or would you prefer the books just disappear within a generation of your death?
MarylandBill, My daughter will definitely keep my books available to the public. She's a software engineer and is already involved in my business, has been from the start.
My readers go hunting for my backlist and my first novel (Salem Street) from the early 90s is still reprinting, is out in ebook, and is selling steadily. My publishers keep the books they're still licensing in print and I keep the books to which I have rights back in print,.
I'm not a big name author, but I work hard and make a decent living. Whoever said that isn't possible is wrong.
And I have a lot of wonderful readers – and their daughters, grand-daughters, etc are now reading my books, they tell me. I get a lot of emails every week.
Why would I or my daughter give away the fruits of our hard work to strangers?
I'm for death +25–allows dependent children, even those born in the last year of creator's life, to benefit until they're of age and on their feet. Yes, there are exceptions where 25-year-olds are incapable of fending for themselves, and yes, creators seldom make piles of money from their copyrighted work during their lifetimes that give them substantial estates to leave their children. I'm also against assignment of copyright to a corporate entity for extended periods. I'm also for paying creators MUCH larger shares of the profits (honestly accounted) from their copyrighted work; the minuscule amount they get nowadays, at least in publishing, is shocking given how much work they put into it. And I've been a publisher, so I know how much work a publisher can put into a work when the author is essentially finished (given the sloppy editing of many new books for the last couple of decades, though, a lot of corner-cutting has been going on). Bottom line: the steadily lengthening copyright terms aren't meant to benefit the creators but rather the corporations.
I think the point of criticism is not that authors should give away their work, but rather that current copyright laws allow publishers to keep the rights to work even if they don't make them available.
This might not be a real problem for the fiction section of the market, but think about the scientific book market for example: If the rights to a certain work belong to a corporation, that has no interest in publishing it, it won't be available to other scientists, that might need it.
So I believe copyright should involve a duty to make the book (or other media) available.
Chris, are you an author who earns a living by writing? You don't sound like one. Do you give away what you earn?
If someone buys an investment house with their earnings and then earns rent on it, that person can leave the house/rent capacity to their children. Why should the fruits of one's writing be any different?
It's work, Chris. It earns money. It isn't a public service. And I don't see why other people should grab what I create for nothing. They pay their doctors, dentists, etc, buy clothes.
And that's my last word on this topic. I have a novel to finish then two more contracted before the end of next April. I work very hard indeed at my chosen occupation. I deserve what I earn.
Rudy, my publisher has very little editing to do, either story line or copy editing. I'm old enough to have learned grammar thoroughly at primary school.
Actually, I shout at books I buy to read, which are sometimes full of serious grammar errors. I share these with my husband who isn't a writer, but is also older and well educated, and we marvel that such serious mistakes were allowed through. The editors and some of the younger writers are all in the same basket, IMHO.
Eskapistin, if a publisher lets a book go out of print for a certain length of time, one can ask for the rights back – and I do. But I'm not with a certain big publisher who when asked, prints a tiny number to cover their rights grab. Not good.
There is a 35 years rule, though, where authors can get back their rights.
I got back the rights to my earlier books from one publisher, who dealt more fairly with me, and am now publishing them as ebooks and considering CreateSpace for paper copies.
I'm enjoying the new challenges.


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Archive for 'October, 2008'
Double Movie Review : Max Payne & Walk Hardby Liz on October 23, 2008 at 12:01 am
I don't normally watch a lot of movies. Bob and I got Netflix earlier in the year, but in recent months our entire movie queue has been taken up by Battlestar Galactica (I just started the 3rd season, so no spoilers in the comments, please!) This weekend however, I got the chance to see 2 movies; the new Max Paine movie with my dad & brother Nick, and Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story with Bob.
I hated this movie. You might even say it was… wait for it…. PAYNE-fully bad. Kind of like that pun.
I never played the Max Payne video game, so I knew nothing about the story going in. The only thing I knew was that it used "bullet time" effects of slowing motion down during a shot. So please bare this in mind.
I thought the story was confusing, disjointed, and terribly paced. I predicted the entire outcome within the first 15 or 20 minutes. I thought the casting was horrible; Mark Wahlberg just didn't read as "bad-ass cop out for revenge", and I could not take the girl from "that 70′s Show" seriously as the gun-toting touch chick. I never once saw the "I miss my wife" connection once. I never felt sympathy for it at all, and Wahlberg just didn't pull off any kind of emotion to this effect. When they showed him remembering those events, he just looked disconnected and uncaring, like he was watching a really bad movie.
Oh wait….
Some of the visuals were cool, I will admit. They had these hallucination-induced black angels coming up that did look neat, and some of the slow motion shots were nice. But those pretty shots were few and far in between, and didn't even come close to overcoming the festering wound that was the rest of the movie.
I kinda wish I HAD agreed to go when my dad offered to just walk out 30 minutes in.
You know what's even worse? It's not even the worst movie I've ever seen, though I'd say it comes at a close second.
I had never heard of this movie before I watched it, though it had come out last year. I also didn't see any of the movies by the same guy (Knocked Up & Superbad). But now that I've seen this, I am definitely looking the other stuff up. thanks wright for the correction!
This movie was hilarious! It's a parody of every "behind the music" rock and roll story, about fictional singer Dewey Cox, who is inspired to be "double great" after cutting his brother in half with a machete. He goes on to make friends with Buddy Holly, Elvis, and the Beetles, have 23 kids and a Monkey, bounce in and out of rehab, and spend 8 months writing his masterpiece which features a singing goat. No, really. It all does end up making sense… kind of.
There is a huge number of musicians referenced in the music, as well as a large cast of cameos playing legendary artists from the 50′s to today. Also, the music written for the movie is really good.
There is a penis close-up in it though, for those who may be squeamish about such things.
I would strongly recommend this movie if your a comedy movie fan. I don't laugh out loud at most movies, but this one had me rolling.


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follow Dictionary.com
1842, "treatment of disease by remedies that produce effects opposite to the symptoms," from German Allopathie (Hahnemann), from Greek allos "other" (see alias) + -patheia, "suffering, disease, feeling" (see -pathy). The term applied by homeopathists to traditional medicine.
allopathy al·lop·a·thy (ə-lŏp'ə-thē)n. A method of treating disease with remedies that produce effects antagonistic to those caused by the disease itself.


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A firearms licence is too easy to get, say the grieving family of slain deerhunter Cam McDonald.
He was a "beautiful boy who was loved by everybody" - but deerhunter Cam McDonald died in a Wairarapa forest at Easter and his mother wants the hunter who shot him held accountable.
Alexander Cameron McDonald, a self-employed Auckland builder with a passion for big-game hunting and fishing, will be cremated after his funeral today.
The 29-year-old was fatally shot last Saturday while hunting deer in an isolated area of Aorangi Forest Park, near Pirinoa in South Wairarapa, with his long-term hunting mentor and friend, Greytown fencer Doug Williams, 59.
Cyndy McDonald learned of her son's death from police on Easter Saturday night. "I was in a state of total disbelief. My heart went out to the person and family ... of the person who shot someone in the bush. But on hearing that no-one has been charged yet, my thoughts have changed.
"I keep saying to myself someone has to pay for this," Cyndy McDonald told The Dominion Post at her Auckland home this week.
It is understood police believe one of a group of four Wellington hunters fired the fatal shot.
Cyndy McDonald described her son as a beautiful boy loved by everyone. "As a family we are hurting ... but accidents do happen." She said firearms licences were far too easy to get.
"It is just like walking into a dairy and buying a packet of cigarettes. Cameron, being a city boy, learned the rules of the bush from experienced hunters like Doug [Williams]."
The grieving family reflected on the need for hunters to positively identify their targets as McDonald's body was returned to his Auckland home on Wednesday night.
The scene, with a message exhorting loved ones to "never-give-in, never-give-in" positioned atop the closed coffin, was temporarily a scene of desolation when friends and family realised the enormity of the circumstances.
The coffin was placed beneath the antlers of an 11-pointer red stag McDonald shot in Fiordland two years ago.
McDonald's father, Ranald, an importer, said better hunting education could have prevented his son's early death.
"How can someone just shoot someone like this, without identifying the target?
"People must ensure they are not shooting a fellow hunter - and they must take control of their shooting and actions."
McDonald and Williams had hunted together regularly in Fiordland, Whanganui and Wairarapa over the past five years, since being introduced in Fiordland by the younger man's uncle - also named Cameron McDonald.
The pair went into Aorangi Forest Park via Humes Rd about 5.30am last Saturday, after an unsuccessful hunt on Good Friday night.
Williams shot a stag about 8.30am, taking the final photograph of his hunting companion with their quarry about 15 minutes later.
After gutting the animal and storing the venison, the men continued hunting till about 11.30am, when Williams called in a stag near a place known locally as Williamson's Creek.
They separated so McDonald could get a shot at the stag Williams was luring in. They had been apart for about 10 minutes when Williams heard a muffled roar, the sound stags often make to attract females and warn other stags off during the mating season.
A shot rang out about 10 seconds later - which Williams thought was his hunting partner firing at a stag. But he grew concerned when there was no response on their two-way radio.
About 11.45am, Williams found McDonald dead near the creek. He had been shot in the head. Williams marked the location on a GPS and began the two-hour trek out to the nearest farmhouse, in Humes Rd, where he rang police.
He described his hunting companion as a safety-conscious young man and an accomplished hunter.
"He was a great bloke. This is a real tragedy for Cameron's family."
The slain man's namesake uncle lauded Williams and his nephew as extremely safety-conscious deerhunters.
"This is our family's worst nightmare. No-one can believe what has happened. [Cam] had all the safety ID equipment ... It is just terrible when you do all the right things and others let their passions overrule their judgment. This is a recipe for a tragedy."
McDonald's younger brother, Auckland helicopter pilot Jonathan McDonald, frequently accompanied his brother on hunts in the South Island and outside Whanganui.
As a hunter himself, he felt a police prosecution would not achieve much. Rather, he wanted more emphasis on his fellow hunters being educated on the need to identify their targets.
"Something has got to be done about it. There has to be more public awareness on the issue of firearm safety."
Long-time McDonald family friend Bruce McCallum was more forthright in his criticism of the as-yet-unnamed shooter. "This was an outright act of somebody not thinking and identifying a target in a very serious sport. The fact is that this death was preventable from my point of view. I feel bitter about this ... Cameron should still be here with us."
He described McDonald as a young, positive, enthusiastic man who lived life to the full.
"Cameron was never going to be a guy who would stay on the tools until he was old and broken down. By the time he was 35 or 40 he would have been doing something else. He was a person who was capable of making the next step up. He was building up a nice little nest-egg for himself. He was a young man with a very bright future."
Police investigating the shooting say four Wellington hunters spoken to on Sunday have been "largely co-operative" so far.
The four, who are believed to have been hunting in pairs at the time of the incident, all travelled to Masterton police station the day after the shooting and consented to an interview, Detective Senior Sergeant Sean Hansen of Wairarapa CIB said.
It is understood investigators believe one of the four fired the shot that killed McDonald.
For the Easter period there were 981 active Conservation Department hunting permits for the Aorangi Range, covering 18,300 hectares from Pirinoa south to Cape Palliser on the coast.
Given that each hunter must have a permit, there were potentially hundreds of hunters in the area who may have seen or heard something, Hansen said.
However, despite appeals for information, only two other groups of hunters had so far come forward. They had been eliminated from the inquiry.
Police expected investigative work to take "another week or so", before they sought legal advice on laying charges.


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THE government has set aside 8.9bn/- to support small-scale miners in the country aimed at boosting the economy and reducing unemployment.
The Minister for Energy and Minerals, Professor Sospeter Muhongo, said this during the energy and minerals stakeholders and local authorities meeting in Mwanza.
"We have plans to meet small-scale miners in Dodoma soon, to discuss the best way to boost small-scale miners through supporting them with modern tools," Professor Muhongo said.
He said that the government is unwavering to support small -scale miners for them to use modern paraphernalia. Professor Muhongo noted that the government's aim is to support them with modern equipment which will bring performance efficiency when executing their duties in order to boost their income.
It is evident that smallscale miners have been earning 259bn/- annually, through their traditional mining methods and government has been receiving from them only 5bn/- and this is due to tax evasion.
He said that the government will make sure that they support them with modern tools and it will be a good chance to collect Tax without impediments. Muhongo also said that in order for the country to develop economically its people must have knowledge, technology and innovation.


text:
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10,000 square feet of country play land are always open for dogs to spend their time together in a fun, low-stress setting. Dogs are able to run and play with their pals in our spacious park-like outdoor setting, bask in the sunshine, splash around in our pool (weather permitting, of course), or just hang out lounging on a comfy bed in the TV Room watching Animal Planet. Your pet gets human interaction with as much hands-on play as they can handle all day, with some aspects of training included! Best of all, dogs are happy and tired after a day at Kamp and are ready to go home with their owners to spend a quiet evening together.
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here for a complete list of our
services and rates.


text:
Miley Cyrus' boyfriend (or fiance) Liam Hemsworth is ready to film "The Hunger Games" movie sequel "Catching Fire"! Here's what Liam revealed to Collider:
I'm a fan of the books and would be extremely happy to shoot the other two. We're going to hopefully shoot, if this does as well as what everyone thinks it's going to, I think we'll shoot the second one later on this year.
"Catching Fire" is scheduled to arrive in theaters on November 22, 2013!


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text: On Monday 22 August 2005 06:57, Lee Revell wrote: > But what "doesn't work"? Your description is way too vague to > constitute a useful bug report. I know. I wasn't explicitly asking for help. I'm still rather fried from the weekend. I have recently re-installed the whole system and have a couple of other issues (possibly PEBKAC errors ;) which are confusing the matter. If it would be useful to you for the purposes of identifying 2.6.12 issues, I will provide some proper information. Otherwise I will carry on with what I'm doing and ask for help when I'm really stuck. The work you are doing is highly valuable, I don't want to waste your time. -- cheers, tim hall http://glastonburymusic.org.uk/tim


text:
Where did the saying "when pigs fly" come from?
Jun 14
Reference fly, pigs No Comments
Dear Wimble,
Ok.here is one where did the saying when pig's fly come from?
Dear jaric,
Well, jaric, let me start of by saying that I'm not sure what an "ig" is. For all I know, they do fly. But, being the Great Wimble, I realize that occasionally during the electronic transmission of data, there can be errors. Thanks to my Coding Theory course in college I am able to understand this. So, obviously there was originally a "p" with the "ig" that seems to have been dropped during transmission. Of course, there's a greater chance it was a typo.
Now, the phrase "when pigs fly" has a long history. I won't go into detail with that though. Many years ago, some person happened to say this phrase, and word spread and it became very popular. Now, there is no way to tell why this person chose to say these exact words. But I'll give it a go.
One day, a person (we'll call John Doe), was asked to do something extremely impossible. Well, John Doe contemplated the task they were given. Being the sarcastic and spontaneous person that John is, John didn't really think before they said what they said. Many people are like this. I can name a few myself, but I won't go there either. So, obviously, the first thing that came to John's head was "when pigs fly". Why? Simply because John knew that pigs can't fly and will never be able to. So, John was simply informing this person that the task John was given was an impossible task.
So, that's how the phrase "when pigs fly" came to be so well known today. Hope I was able to help.


text:
these are from anands review.
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Posted 23 June 2012 - 01:28
Posted 23 June 2012 - 02:07
are gonna render your 3DSMAX previews on a tab ? oh wait, AMD will be ale to handle that just fine as well.
so howis AMD to slow to be usable in such a form factor, especially since with their APU, they will in fact be faster at most tasks
Posted 23 June 2012 - 02:18
In my experience just doing basic stuff (using a C50 APU based laptop) was much slower than I ever remember Atoms being. In fact my ARM based tablet seemed faster.
Posted 23 June 2012 - 09:25
Fusion > Atom
you know most people in this thread dont know wtf they are talking about...and its sad. i tried not to get involved (tried to resist), but i can't. why would i want an amd apu over intel ivy? its simple amds trinity uses less power than ivy and overall its more efficent. plus with everything becoming gpu accelerated (like office, media creation....not stuttering when playing hd flash or movies, while mantaining good battery life), vsphere managing multiple (like 30) vm's at once....intels platorm does not cut the cheese.
these are from anands review.
<graphs snipped>
Posted 23 June 2012 - 16:59
I would absolutely agree. However, AMD have nothing to compete with ULV Ivy Bridge, which is what my post was referring to. The Fusion smokes the Atom at some 3D stuff, but the ULV Ivy Bridge is a masterwork of engineering that puts Intel about five years ahead of its competitors.
I'm not sure what point you're trying to make, that the Trinity/Llano platforms are more power efficient? The series of graphs you've just linked shows the best power efficiency on fairly standard (not even ULV) Sandy Bridge parts, which will be more power efficient on Ivy Bridge's 22nm process, due to simple power leakage. For real world use, and power efficiency, ULV IB chips as will go in to the Surface are the best option out there. They could compromise performance with an Atom or Fusion (of which the Fusion would be the better choice), or go for a higher performing part like a Trinity or ULV IB, of which the IB is the better choice. All there is to it really
Posted 23 June 2012 - 17:29
no i was pointing out that trinity is better than ivy bridge in power consumption, it gets beat every time. i7-3xxx denotes ivy bridge models, intel has major leakage with ivy. amd just released their ulv chip a few days ago (17w), so no intel is not the better choice. i would venture and say that its either on par or better. those new 3d transistors are not working out to well.
No. They just aren't technologically competitive. Sure, they can do low power parts, but their power/performance at the low-power end of the scale is years behind Intel.
Posted 23 June 2012 - 20:06
Posted 23 June 2012 - 20:25
over-exaggerating just a little are we? lowest settings not able to go over 5fps, at least make it believable... haters gonna hate.
It would be a sad day ruining a great product my last amd/ati box was $650 and couldn't run wow on the lowest settings above 5fps (my kids Gen 1 aspire one with a atom and the 945 chipset ran at 15fps) I sold it a month later for $175 because I didn't want to rip off the person.
Amd will be kept a float by console gpu's
Posted 23 June 2012 - 20:48
Posted 24 June 2012 - 10:14
omg....enough with sandybridge, ivy is less efficient and more power hungry then sandy...dont you get that? i did not say anything about sandy, i was talking about ivy bridge vs trinity power consumption. they could make both options, they dont need to stay with just intel.
you know most people in this thread dont know wtf they are talking about...and its sad.
Posted 25 June 2012 - 16:37
For the same reason that you don't buy a £500+ laptop with an AMD processor, or a mid-range desktop with anything other than an i3 or i5.
Posted 25 June 2012 - 16:52
Sorry but - if you want a laptop / desktop replacement, only silly people would consciously choose an amd chip of any description over an i5. It's that simple.


text:
Over the past few years the envionment agency has paid particular attention to what we put into landfill. Why ? It has been discovered that simple elements of waste can have a negative affect on the land used for waste disposal (the land that our chidren will almost certainly be living in).Particles of concrete ,tarmac, petrolium residues ,green waste (tree roots, bushes, plants etc) can imidiately start to disolve into the ground water being drawn further out from the point of contamination when the ground starts to dry.
Q . How can i reduce my cost of muckaway?
A. Separate out your materials if you are mucking away in volume.
Select Materials prices for Muckaway £180 + vat approx
Muck Away: This term means clean/inert spoil to be removed from site. The spoil usually soil but can contain some brick or concrete is usually taken to a landfill site providing that there is no other use for it.
The term inert implies that there are no active or dangerous chemicals in the waste, if there are then the waste will have to be taken to another type landfill site for dangerous waste. This type of muck away would be called contaminated muck away.
muckaway, muckaway, muckaway, muckaway, muckaway, muckaway,muckaway
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Company puts the power of account management enhancements in hands of customers.
Verio Inc., a provider of business solutions online, including hosting, applications and managed services, today announced that it will help its customers gain greater flexibility, more customization and increased functionality through a new, enhanced control panel for their Verio services. It also states managing an online account is now quicker, easier and more productive with Verio's industry-leading e-mail, website and hosting account management tool.Company believes that the redesigned interface is simplified and fast, especially when loading large amounts of data. The "one-click-away" layout and graphical icons allow customers to easily locate various management functions and features.The company explained that with the growing importance of email, small and mid-market business customers require solutions that will allow them to easily manage their in-boxes. Through the new Verio control panel, customers can set filters to allow or deny specific text in the subject line and also allocate rules for mails with specific words to automatically drop into specific folders. It further added that this increases efficiency by alerting users to important mail based on key words and folder sorting as well as reduces the risk of email security threats by efficiently dealing with spam and virus-loaded emails.Company asserted that control panel is organized into seven main sections; Mail, Users, Utilities and Files, Statistics, Preferences and settings, Add Ons and, Databases. Graphical icons help improve customer's ease-of-use as compared to complicated drop down text menus. It also claims that now thier customers can now customize the layout of their control panel by simple drag and drop of entire sections."Verio has been at the forefront of addressing areas of need identified by businesses operating online," said Dennis Boyle, Verio COO. "We have worked with our customers to deliver a solution that will enhance their experience, streamline the management process and make it easier for them to get the information they need."
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Mom and I always say those Western Pawsylvanians are difFURent!
PITTSBURGH — A judge is considering whether a Pittsburgh-area man can legally change his name to Boomer the Dog after a short-lived television series.
The man who went to court Tuesday is 44-year-old Gary Guy Mathews, of Green Tree. He is a fan of the 1980s NBC series "Here's Boomer," which featured a dog who rescued people.
But he's also an enthusiast of Anthrocon. That's an annual convention of people dedicated to anthropomorphism, the practice of attributing human characteristics to animals.
Mathews says his friends already call him Boomer, as did his late parents, though that took some persuading.
Allegheny County Judge Robert Folino says he'll take a couple of days to decide. He says he could nix the request if it results in "unintended consequences" like being "seen as bizarre."
Update: As much fun as it might have been to see this happen, a judge denied the request late last evening. Mathews is expected to appeal.
Mom and I always say those Western Pawsylvanians are difFURent!
I wonder if he wants to change his breed to a dog as well.
Speechless. LOL about Cinnamon's comment.
Where do they GET these people from!
Over here a woman was prevented from naming her daughter Laa Laa after the Tellytubbies.
Say WHAAAAAT?!
Shakin my head,
I have an idea! Let's let him change his name to Boomer the Dog, and then we should neuter him. We don't need lots of these guys running around.
Ummm…can't the strange human just change his first name to Boomer, or just use it as a nickname the way he's been doing? I don't think he's really dog material, either. I didn't know about that pawticular convention, but shouldn't be surprised. There's one for everything. Ever since Blog Mom learned about Furries, she says nothing in the world is going to surprise her.
lotsa licks, Lola
Mom read that story….she just scratched her head and said whatever floats his boat..she hopes he finds a good furrever home!!!LOL
Madi and Mom
I saw this story on Dogster! I think he's gone a bit too far, but we also have those guys who are tattooing themselves to become a lion and a lizard, so this guy isn't the only one out there, I guess.
I kinda agree with Pibble… : )
Woofs and Licks,
Maggie Mae
And I thought my neighbors were a little wack-a-doodle…
So, apparently you can name your child 2.0, but you can not name yourself Boomer? But i could name my son Luke Skywalker if i wanted to? If the guy wants to be named Boomer The Dog and he wants to pay the standard amount to process the paper work to make that happen then where is the problem?
My neighbor's son is named Annakin
Too bad the judge denied him.
Bizarre? Nah. Wack-job maybe…
The thing that is really weird is the anthro bit- not only weird but a bit… I dunno… there could be something dodgy there.
I think they need to make sure he is neutered first!
How could anyone take a guy seriously who is named Boomer the Dog? Glad the judge denied the name change.
"16. The Brian" stole my funder!
wif love from the Luke
Judge Robert Folino says he could nix the request if it results in "unintended consequences" like being "seen as bizarre."
Umm, how else would someone name Boomer The Dog be seen if not as bizarre?
Okay and what's his dog's name? Marcus Welby?


text:
A look at the major transfer headlines in the British press - starting with speculation over two Premier League giants battling for a German international...
The Daily Star
Manchester United have joined Premier League rivals Arsenal in the race to sign German international midfielder Julian Draxler.
Arsene Wenger has been heavily linked with a move for the Schalke star, who has a £37million minimum fee release clause in his contract. However, David Moyes has joined the race to bring the player to England.


text:
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Middle ear infections are usually diagnosed using a
health history, a
physical exam, and an
ear exam.
With a middle ear infection,
the eardrum, when seen through a
pneumatic otoscope, is red or yellow and bulging. In
the case of fluid buildup without infection (otitis media with effusion), the
eardrum can look like it's bulging or sucking in. In both cases, the eardrum
doesn't move freely when the pneumatic otoscope pushes air into the ear.
Other tests can include:
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