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Bulimia nervosa
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| Bulimia nervosa
Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Mark Warren, M.D., M.P.H.; Fellow, Academy of Eating Disorders [2]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and Keywords: Bulimia; eating disorder
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and psychological condition in which the subject engages in recurrent binge eating followed by feelings of guilt, depression, and self-condemnation and intentional purging to compensate for the excessive eating, usually to prevent weight gain (see anorexia nervosa). Purging can take the form of vomiting, fasting, inappropriate use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or other medication, or excessive physical exercise. The cycle damages bodily organs. Bulimia is common especially among young women of normal or nearly normal weight.[1] The word bulimia comes from the Latin (būlīmia) from the Greek βουλῑμια (boulīmia), ravenous hunger, compounded from βους (bous), ox + λῑμος (līmos), hunger.[2]
Historical Perspective
Bulimia was first described in 1977 by Boskind-Lodahl and Gerald Russell, who worked at the Royal Free Hospital, London. It has been recognized as an autonomous eating disorder by the American Psychiatric Association since 1980.[3]
Two subtypes of bulimia are distinguished by the way the bulimic relieves themselves of the binge.
Purging Type
Purging Type is the more common type of bulimia, and involves any of self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, tapeworms, enemas, or ipecac, to rapidly extricate the contents from their body.[4]
Non-Purging Type
Non-Purging Type occurs in only approximately 6%-8% of bulimia cases, as it is a less effective means of ridding the body of such a large number of calories. It involves doing excessive exercise or fasting after a binge, to counteract the large amount of calories previously ingested. This often occurs in purging-type bulimics but is a secondary form of weight control.[5]
Bulimia is related to deep psychological issues and feelings of lack of control. Sufferers often use the destructive eating pattern to feel in control over their lives.[6] They may hide or hoard food and overeat when stressed or upset. They may feel a loss of control during a binge, and consume great quantities of food (over 20,000 calories.")[7]
There are higher rates of eating disorders in groups involved in activities that emphasize thinness and body type, such as gymnastics, dance and cheerleading, figure skating.[8] Bulimia is more prevalent among Caucasians, but is increasing among African Americans and Hispanics.
In one study, diagnosis of bulimia was correlated with high testosterone and low estrogen levels, and normalizing these levels with combined oral contraceptive pills reduced cravings for fat and sugar.[9]
Differential Diagnosis
- Anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
- Binge-eating disorder
- Kleine-Levin syndrome
- Major depressive disorder, with atypical features
- Borderline personality disorder[10]
Differences from Anorexia Nervosa
The main criteria differences involve weight: an anorexic must have a body mass index of less than 17.5. Typically an anorexic is defined by the refusal to maintain a normal weight by self-starvation.
Another criterion which must usually be met is amenorrhea, the loss of a female's menstrual cycle not caused by the normal cessation of menstruation during menopause for a period of three months. Generally the anorexic does not engage in regular binging and purging sessions. If binging and purging occurs but rarely, and the patient also fails to maintain a minimum weight, they are classified as a purging anorexic, due to the underweight criterion being met and cessation of menstruation. [11]
Characteristically, bulimics feel more shame and out of control with their behaviors, as the anorexic meticulously controls their intake, a symptom that calms their anxiety around food as s/he feels s/he has control of it, naïve to the notion that it, in fact, controls him/her. For this reason, the bulimic is more likely to admit to having a problem, as they do not feel they are in control of their behavior. The anorexic is more likely to believe they are in control of their eating and much less likely to admit that a problem exists.
Anorexics and bulimics have an overpowering sense of self determined by their body and their perceptions of it. They trace all their achievements and successes to it, and so are often depressed as they feel they are consistently failing to achieve the perfect body. Bulimics feel that they are a failure because s/he cannot achieve a low weight, and this outlook infiltrates into all aspects of their lives. Anorexics cannot see that they are underweight and constantly work towards a goal that they cannot meet. They too allow this failure to define their self worth. As both the anorexic and bulimic never feel satisfaction in the more important part of their lives, depression often accompanies these disorders.[12]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Twelve month prevalence of bulimia nervosa is 1,000-1,500 per 100,000 (1%-1.5%) among young females of the overall population.[10]
The rate for bulimia is much lower than for anorexia.[4] Death can occur after severe binging, or from suicide.[13]
Anorexia nervosa can occur in both genders. A popular assumption is that eating disorders are female diseases, but 2-8% of patients are male.[14] There is a new rise of cases in men. Unfortunately, many men do not get the help they need for fear being thought of as homosexual or having a "Women's disease"
Anorexia nervosa can occur in people of all ages.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for bulimia nervosa include:
- Childhood obesity
- Childhood sexual or physical abuse
- Depressive symptoms
- Early pubertal maturation
- Genetic predisposition
- Internalization of a thin body ideal
- Low self-esteem
- Over anxious disorder of childhood
- Social anxiety disorder
- Weight concerns[10]
The groups listed below are considered to be at the highest risk:
- Those of age 10 through to 25 (though typically bulimia tends to start in late teens or early 20s)
- Athletes [15]
- Those with/with a history of anorexia[16]
- Students who are under heavy workloads
- Those who have suffered traumatic events in their lifetime such as child abuse and sexual abuse
- People raised in dysfunctional families
- Those positioned higher on the socioeconomic scale
- The highly intelligent and/or high-achievers[17]
- Perfectionists
Natural History,Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
Bulimia typically tends to start in late teens or early 20s. Bulimics go through cycles of over-eating and purging, that may be severe and devastating to the body. They sometimes involve rapid and out-of-control feeding that stops when the bulimic is interrupted by another person or when his/her stomach hurts from over-extension. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in serious cases, several times a day.[18]
Some bulimics eat secretly, others eat socially but are bulimic in private. They also differ in "how much" they purge. Some can vomit without gagging themselves after eating. Often when the urge hits, they go to great lengths to purge, as if an uncontrollable urge is making them do so. Medical evidence shows that the chemicals released when purging may make a person feel "high". This can also lead to extreme dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Some bulimics do not regard their cycles as a problem, while others despise and fear the vicious and uncontrollable cycle.[19] Bulimics may appear underweight, normal weight or overweight.
Related Psychological Disorders
Many bulimics also have anxiety or mood disorders. One study found anxiety in 75% of bulimic patients. Prominent mood disorders include depression and substance abuse. Recent research suggests that depression is caused by the eating disorder.[20] Bulimics are also more likely to attempt suicide and engage in impulsive behaviors.
Bulimic females typically have a less favorable opinion of themselves than control groups. They are more pessimistic, more ambivalent towards others, strive for less recognition in areas that are socially significant or require leadership. However, they also express a need to solicit sympathy, affection, and emotional support.[21]
Bulimics are usually raised in dysfunctional families. Many also display alexithymia, the inability to consciously experience and express emotions.[21]
Bulimia can cause following health problems:
- Malnutrition
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance, which can cause cardiac arrest or brain damage by stroke
- Hyponatremia
- Damaging of the voice
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
- Teeth erosion and cavities, gum disease
- Salivary gland swelling (sialadenosis)
- Potential for gastric rupture during periods of binging
- Esophageal reflux
- Irritation, inflammation, and possible rupture of the esophagus
- Laxative dependence
- Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis
- Emetic toxicity due to ipecac abuse
- Swelling of the face and cheeks, especially the lower eyelids, due to the high pressure of blood in the face during vomiting; for the same reason Purpura can occur, a rash caused by burst blood vessels.
- Callused or bruised fingers
- Dry or brittle skin, hair, and nails, or hair loss
- Lanugo
- Edema
- Muscle atrophy
- Decreased or increased bowel activity
- Digestive problems that may be triggered, including celiac, Crohn's Disease
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Iron deficiency
- Anemia
- Hormonal imbalances
- Hyperactivity
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Amenorrhea
- Infertility
- High risk pregnancy, miscarriage, still-born babies
- Diabetes
- High blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
- Ketoacidosis
- Osteoporosis
- Arthritis
- Weakness and fatigue
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Cancer of the throat or voice box
- Liver failure
- Kidney infection and failure
- Heart failure, heart arrhythmia, angina
- Seizure
- Paralysis
- Death caused by heart attack or heart failure; lung collapse; internal bleeding, stroke, kidney failure, liver failure; pancreatitis, gastric rupture, perforated ulcer, depression and suicide.
Eating disorders have one of the highest death rates of all mental illnesses. The Eating Disorders Association of UK estimates it at 10%. An 18% mortality rate has been suggested for anorexia.[5] These death rates are higher than those of some forms of cancer.
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Bulimia Nervosa[10]
of time under similar circumstances.
Specify if:
Specify current severity:
The minimum level of severity is based on the frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (see below). The level of severity may be increased to reflect other symptoms and the degree of functional disability.
Extreme: An average of 14 or more episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week.
Treatment is most effective early in the development of the disorder, but since bulimia is often easy to hide, diagnosis and treatment often come when the disorder has already become a static part of the patient's life
Historically, bulimics were often hospitalized to end the pattern and then released as soon as the symptoms had been relieved. But this is now infrequently used, as this only addresses the surface of the problem, and soon after discharge the symptoms often reappeared as severe, if not worse.
Several residential treatment centers offer long term support, counseling, and symptom interruption. The most popular form of treatment involves therapy, often group psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Anorexics and bulimics typically go through the same types of treatment and are members of these same treatment groups. This is because anorexia and bulimia often go hand in hand, and often patients have at some point suffered from both. Some refer to this as "symptom swapping". These forms of therapy address both the underlying issues which cause the patient to engage in these behaviors, and the food symptoms. In combination with therapy, many psychiatrists prescribe anti-depressants or anti-psychotics. Anti-depressants come in different forms, and the most promising one has been Prozac. In a study of 382 bulimics, those who took 20 to 60 mg of Prozac reduced their symptoms from 45% to 67%, respectively. It is possible that several other drugs could be more effective, but often insurance companies will not pay for other drugs until the patient has tried Prozac, because it has some positive outcome results.
Anti-psychotics are used in smaller doses than for treating schizophrenia. With an eating disorder, the patient perceives reality differently and has difficulty grasping what it is like to eat normally. Unfortunately, since this disorder has only recently been recognized by the DSM, long-term outcomes of people with the disorder are unknown. Current research indicates that up to 30% of patients rapidly relapse, while 40% are chronically symptomatic.
The rate in which the patient receives treatment is the most important factor affecting prognosis. Those who receive treatment early on for the disorder have the highest and most permanent recovery rates.
Dr Sabine Naessén from the Karolinska Institute discovered that some female patients suffer from a hormonal imbalance of over-production of the male hormone testosterone, that can be countered by a contraceptive pill containing estrogen, resulting in a reduction of the symptoms of bulimia.[22] Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of such a treatment.
There is no known way to prevent the onset of bulimia. Less social and cultural emphasis on physical perfection may help, but it is difficult to make sweeping societal changes. The best way to stop the progression of bulimia is early intervention by contacting a medical health professional and receiving psychotherapy. Adults have an immeasurable impact on their children. Teaching children to adopt a healthy diet as a way of life and incorporating fun activities into their day allows this to become second nature to them. Children should be taught an emphasis on their internal characteristics and qualities rather than the external focus so much of society and the media tend to focus on. Action is the best way of teaching, and the adults' self-criticism and behavior reflects substantially on their children's impressions of themselves.[23]
- ↑ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulimia
- ↑ http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Bulimia-nervosa.html
- ↑ http://www.bookrags.com/other/drugs/bulimia-nervosa-edaa-01.html
- ↑ Durand, Mark, Barlow, David. "Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Fourth Ed." Thomson Wadsworth, CA 2006, ISBN 0-534-60575-3
- ↑ Durand, Mark, Barlow, David. "Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Fourth Ed." Thomson Wadsworth, CA 2006, ISBN 0-534-60575-3
- ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/mental_health/disorders_eating.shtml
- ↑ http://www.at-risk.org/bulimia.html
- ↑ http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_mentalhealth/edbulim.cfm
- ↑ http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=130&a=22684&l=en&newsdep=130
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ Diagnostic Statistics Manual IV
- ↑ Durand, Mark, Barlow, David. "Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Fourth Ed." Thomson Wadsworth, CA 2006, ISBN 0-534-60575-3
- ↑ http://www.eatingdisorderscoalition.org/reports/statistics.html
- ↑ http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic298.htm
- ↑ http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic298.htm
- ↑ http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7638
- ↑ http://www.mamashealth.com/eat/bulimia.asp
- ↑ http://www.psych.org/public_info/eatingdisorders52201.cfm
- ↑ http://www.edauk.com/sub_what_is_bulimia.htm
- ↑ Durand, Mark; Barlow, David (2006). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, Fourth Edition, Wadsworth, CA: Thomson. ISBN 0534605753. OCLC 61458584.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Kriz, Kerri-Lynn Murphy (May 2002). The Efficacy of Overeaters Anonymous in Fostering Abstinence in Binge-Easting Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
- ↑ http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=130&a=22684&l=en&newsdep=130
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/aa33088.asp


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Junior forward Corey Popham scored a goal and had an assist as unranked Gilman upset No. 1 Calvert Hall, 3-2, in a Maryland Scholastic Association Armstrong A Conference Division I boys soccer game yesterday at Gilman.
It was the first loss in 45 MSA A Conference games for the Cardinals (10-1-1), dating to 1989. Calvert Hall, which has won three consecutive MSA A Conference titles and seven of the past eight, defeated Gilman (5-6-1, 4-5-1) earlier this season, 6-0.

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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a soft tissue sarcoma that usually occurs in the limbs, most commonly the legs, and may also occur in the abdomen. Learn about malignant fibrous histiocytoma and find information on how we support and care for children and teens with sarcoma before, during, and after treatment.
The Solid Tumor Center at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center treats children and teens with a variety of solid malignancies, including bone and soft tissue tumors, liver and kidney tumors, neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas and rare tumors. Our doctors provide unparalleled expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and management of these diseases.
Your child's care team will include pediatric oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and nurses with expertise in treating your child's specific type of cancer.
Our physicians are focused on family-centered care: From your first visit, you'll work with a team of professionals who are committed to supporting your family's needs. We consider you and your child integral parts of the care team. Our specialists will collaborate with you to customize a treatment plan that takes the needs of your child and your family into account.
As well as providing access to a range of innovative clinical trials through Dana-Farber/Boston Children's, we are New England's Phase I referral center for the Children's Oncology Group, which means we're able to offer clinical trials unavailable at other regional centers.
Your child will have access to long-term treatment and childhood cancer survivor support through Dana-Farber's David B. Perini, Jr. Quality of Life Clinic.
From diagnosis through treatment and survivorship, our team will be able to answer all of your questions about your child's care.
Find out more about our Solid Tumor Center, including the diseases we treat and our specialized programs for bone and soft tissue tumors, liver tumors, neuroblastoma, rare tumors, and retinoblastoma.
A malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a type of cancerous tumor that can start in either bone or, most often, in the soft tissues that connect, support or surround organs and other body parts. Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center provides comprehensive medical and surgical care for children and adolescents with benign or malignant bone and soft tissue tumors.
Our multidisciplinary approach to care ensures in-depth discussion of each case and personalized treatment plans for every patient. We integrate expertise from the following specialists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital:
We are conducting numerous research studies to help better understand and treat soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
A malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a type of cancerous tumor that can start in either bone or, most often, in the soft tissues that connect, support or surround organs and other body parts. It's a painless mass that most often turns up in the extremities, although it can occur anywhere in the body. It most commonly spreads (metastasizes) to the lungs, but can also invade the lymph nodes and bone.
The exact cause of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is not entirely understood, however, studies have indicated that genetics may play a role. In addition:
While it's among the most common types of soft tissue tumors found in adults, it is rarely found in children. It makes up only a tiny percentage of all soft tissue sarcomas, which as a group account for only 1 percent of new cancer cases in children each year.
Because soft tissue sarcomas affect tissue that is elastic and easily moved, a tumor may exist for a long time before being discovered, growing large and pushing aside surrounding tissue. Symptoms vary greatly with the size, location and spread of the tumor, but may include:
How does a doctor know that it's malignant fibrous histiocytoma?Diagnostic procedures for malignant fibrous histiocytoma are used to determine the exact type of tumor your child has and whether the tumor has spread. These may include:
Treatments for malignant fibrous histiocytoma may involve a combination of therapies including surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. The most common procedures include:SurgeryDepending on the size and location of the tumor, your child may either need:
Radiation therapy Our doctors use precisely targeted and dosed radiation to kill cancer cells left behind after your child's surgery. ChemotherapyChemotherapy is a drug that interferes with the cancer cell's ability to grow or reproduce.
While chemotherapy can be quite effective in treating certain cancers, the agents do not differentiate normal healthy cells from cancer cells. Because of this, there can be many adverse side effects during treatment. Being able to anticipate these side effects can help the care team, parents, and child prepare, and, in some cases, prevent these symptoms from occurring. Chemotherapy is systemic treatment, meaning it is introduced to the bloodstream and travels throughout the body to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be given:
Supportive care This is any type of treatment to prevent and treat infections, side effects of treatments, and complications, and to keep your child comfortable during treatment.
Children treated for malignant fibrous histiocytoma should visit a survivorship clinic every year to:
A typical follow-up visit may include some or all of the following:
Through the David B. Perini, Jr. Quality of Life Clinic at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, childhood cancer survivors receive a comprehensive follow-up evaluation from their cancer care team.
Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute are also conducting numerous research studies to help better understand and treat soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
Types of treatment currently being studied include:
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Dana-Farber offers several services to help you and your family manage the financial side of cancer treatment. From creating bill payment schedules and estate planning advice to debt management and resource assistance for patients in need, our team is here for you.
Just for Teens provides programs and activities for teens and young adults with cancer at the Jimmy Fund Clinic and Children's Hospital Boston. We offer activities and events both inside and out of the hospital so that you have creative ways to pass the time and can meet other teens who are going through similar experiences.
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Integrative therapies, also known as complementary therapies, range from acupuncture and massage to nutritional guidance and music therapy. Patients treated at the Zakim Center credit its services with easing nausea, improving circulation, and reducing pain, stress, and anxiety associated with cancer treatment.
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The Starflight Handbook: A Pioneer's Guide to Interstellar Travel by Eugene F. Mallove and Gregory L. Matloff, Wiley, $19.95
SUPPOSE that some future system of transport allowed humans to travel from the Earth to the Moon in one minute. That same system would need 190 years to carry its crew to the nearest star system (Alpha Centauri) and it would take millennia to reach Vega, or Canopus, or Betelgeuse. The closest stars are 10 000 times as far away than the most distant planets of our Solar System, and not one of them is known to possess a planetary retinue ofits own.
These simple facts have led many people to argue that travel to the stars is impossible, if not preposterous to think about. Any book which makes theopposite case, and holds as its thesis the reality of interstellar travel, must grapple with the problem of immense distances, and must ...
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Samsung UpStage M620
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upstage volume problem
ok so i've uploaded mp3s on the phone's internal memory and sd card. when i play the songs, it's really low. the volume is all the way up on the main screen/menu settings/and player as well! now, sometimes lets say i change the ringer volume to level 5, then i go to the music player, the first song on the playlist plays at normal volume (pretty loud). but only the first song. ive also tried playing it through the menu/tools/mass storage area with the different player and still the same thing. i'm thinking this is a glitch but i have no idea what i should do bec sprint charges 35.00 for a refurb at store. sucks. any help please?
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WELCOME to the ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT COMMUNITY: This Patient-To-Patient Community is for discussions relating to Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) which is a hole in the part of the septum that separates the atria (the upper chambers of the heart). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to flow into the right atrium instead of flowing into the left ventricle as it should. This means that oxygen-rich blood gets pumped back to the lungs, where it has just been, instead of going to the body.
Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is a medically supervised program that helps improve the health and well-being of people who have heart problems.
Rehab programs include exercise training, education on heart healthy living, and counseling to reduce stress and help you return to an active life.
Cardiac rehab helps people who have heart problems:
Each patient will have a program that's designed to meet his or her needs.
Cardiac rehab involves a long-term commitment from the patient and a team of health care providers.
The cardiac rehab team may include doctors (such as a family doctor, a heart specialist, and a surgeon), nurses, exercise specialists, physical and occupational therapists, dietitians or nutritionists, and psychologists or other mental health specialists. In some cases, a case manager will help track the patient's care.
Working with the team is an important part of cardiac rehab. The patient should share questions and concerns with the team. This will help the patient reach his or her goals.
People of all ages can benefit from cardiac rehab. The lifestyle changes made during rehab have few risks. These changes can improve your overall health and prevent future heart problems and even death.
Exercise training as part of cardiac rehab may not be safe for all patients. For example, people who have very high blood pressure or severe heart disease may not be ready to exercise. These patients can still benefit from other parts of the cardiac rehab program.
Ask your doctor whether cardiac rehab can help you prevent a future heart problem and improve your health.
Author/Source: National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, Division of the National Institutes of Health [NIH]
Retrieved: October 2007


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SOME TYPES of margarine may be as unhealthy as butter, according to Dutch researchers. Writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, the researchers reveal new findings and suggest advice for people at risk of coronary artery disease. Their results will reinforce the messages from health education bodies, such as the British Heart Foundation, that people should eat less fat overall rather than simply switching from one sort to another.
Most nutritionists agree that saturated fat, such as palm oil, is the most damaging variety in our diet. It is typically found in high amounts in butter.
Saturated fats in the diet appear to trigger higher levels of cholesterol in the blood than other fats, and this has been linked with the deposition of fat along the walls of arteries. Unsaturated fats, typical in margarine, are thought to be less harmful in this respect. Now, however, the researchers have discovered ...
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Carbon Neutral Kootenays fades to black
An initiative to help local governments in the Kootenays reduce their greenhouse gas emissions is preparing to "gracefully fade away."
Carbon Neutral Kootenays, created in early 2009 in response to BC's Climate Action Charter, will wind down operations in the next three months, according to executive director Dale Littlejohn.
"After assisting local governments across the Columbia Basin and Boundary with their emissions, we've successfully transferred most of the capacity to do that into the local governments and so the external assistance isn't needed as much anymore," he told 103.5 The Bridge.
Carbon Neutral Kootenays is a partnership between the three Kootenay regional districts and the Columbia Basin Trust. However, it was never meant to be permanent, Littlejohn said.
The Climate Action Charter originally called on BC local governments to commit to climate neutrality by 2012, but only three of the 31 local governments in the Kootenays, including New Denver, achieved this goal through the purchase of offsets from the Darkwoods forest on Kootenay Lake.
However, Littlejohn said most others have set aside reserve funds to reduce energy emissions in their operations and across the community in lieu of offset. "It's not technically carbon neutral but it's in the spirit of and working towards being carbon neutral."
Littlejohn said reaching actual neutrality without offsets may possible over the long term with the replacement of capital assets, such as boilers and vehicles. "You're not going to eliminate fossil fuels from all municipal operations overnight, but when you look at 10, 20, 30 years, it starts to be a little more possible," he said.
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Do you want to improve the world? I don't think it can be done. -Lao Tzu
Originally posted by Scot
I guess this is where I mention Vendetta Online: the twitch-based, spaceflight, no-dice-rolling MMORPG featuring playable Newtonian Mechanics that includes open-world PvP, Guild vs Guild incentives, station conquest, manufacturable items involving supply-chains, mineral prospecting and mining, a dynamic market, race tubes, player-run events, player-contributed content, integrated voice-chat, and multiplatform support across mobile Android and Windows RT devices together with traditional Linux/Mac/PC desktops, in a single galaxy:
To get past the issue of relative velocity, the devs wisely implemented a top speed specific to various craft that can be exceeded in certain situations.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 11/21/11
Oh I disagree Scot
It wouldn't be elite without the newtonian physics of frontier.
That said I would also like a more arcade combat space game too, freespace 2 being the best if that genre.
I never got into the x series. It added too much for me with all the factories and multiple ships in your fleet etc.. it lost the edge of elite with your single pilot in your single small ship. Elite had more danger. Elite made you feel like han solo or mal Reynolds, x made you feel like donald trump
Novice Member
Joined: 9/25/11
"Antherea Online will see the light, eventually"
Originally posted by aRtFuLThinG
i must apologize for that, but i never played it, nor i had researched enough about it (wikipedia wasnt a good source the first time i heard about the game). and i'm even surprised that even from that age mining still is a boring profession with bad incomes.
Originally posted by xaritscin
That's okay :) I guess the newer generation probably haven't heard of Elite. However it is where it all began. It is actually name one of the 16 most influential games of all time (a game that started it all, just like Ultima and Tetris).
Mining has always sucked lol in space games because it is an economy-of-scale industry, in most games (even in SWG it is) - it is because you need to be able to produce a lot of it to make a good profit since the margin is not big, so unless you have built for scale you won't really make much and it probably won't be enjoyable regardless.
Smuggling is always most profitable of trading in most space games (because small quantity high margin ratio).
Originally posted by ShakyMo
Newtonian physics actually wasn't the problem with Frontier/First Encounter combat - it is actually the fact that it confuses the point of reference for the player because of all the stars moving in the background.
In truth those stars moving in the background wasn't even necessary. You are basically moving in reference to the enemy ship anyways so the fact that they are showing how you move in relation to the planet (your background movement) is totally irrelevant to the combat.
If we remove the background the combat will really be no different than any other dogfight in any other space games (besides what weapons was used).
I think that's what's confusing to the player.
Novice Member
Joined: 9/25/11
"Antherea Online will see the light, eventually"
Originally posted by aRtFuLThinG
when i was searching for an space sim to play while out from EVE, i heard about it, but when i saw the article in wikipedia the article didnt say nothing about how many ships you could have or what other activities where apart from fighting and trading.
i actually like mining, i have a Retriever (pre-Inferno fitted), in Evochron i was a miner too, it would be cool if the mining lasers could just destroy de asteroid slowly and then one could use the tractor to put them in the bay. or use drones which recover the rocks.
it gives realism, but again, i dunno how would this affect the market. AKF mining cannot be avoided also, people always get ways to do it.
but i would like to have a whole fleet of mining ships which devour asteroids. maybe not for commerce but for manufacturing my own ones.
i think a good space sim should let you design your own ship with its own modules and put the price depending on them (Shores of Hazeron does this already, but ship construction is made in planet based factories, i mean, building an space shipyard and manufacture the ships there).
Originally posted by xaritscin
I don't think the technology back in those days (Elite was 1985 and Frontier/First Encounter was back in 1995 arounds) allows for ownership of more than one ship.
X series actually introduced that concept.
I think a lot of space-sim players problem with Eve was mostly the combat and flight controls of Eve. It feels too much like Star Trek (in terms you are more managing a ship than playing it). Had they gone for more Elite/Wing Commander/X-Wing vs TIE's style of combat I feel Eve would have been the top 1 or 2 mmos in any genre in the world right now.
And yes I agree a good space sim should have manufacturing and economy-of-mass, hence why X series in itself is another revolution in the space genre (it introduced 4X and improved on the concept of Elite) and Eve is the most current stage of that revolution (it introduced territory/world control and politics and improved on the concept of X series).


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Saint Mary's College: Reference Librarian/Instruction Coordinator
Saint Mary's College
Position: Reference Librarian/Instruction Coordinator
Deadline: Review of applications will begin February 19, 2007, and continue until the position is filled.
The Cushwa-Leighton Library at Saint Mary's College is seeking a Reference Librarian/Instruction Coordinator to lead an active and growing information literacy program on campus.
The person in this position will provide leadership in the design, development, marketing, delivery and assessment of innovative library instructional programs for an undergraduate population. They will work to integrate information literacy and research skills across the curriculum. Major responsibilities include: coordinating instructional activities, collaborating with faculty in all departments and programs and supporting the training needs of reference librarians who provide instruction. Other duties include participation in classroom instruction and providing reference services (includes some evening and weekend hours). The successful candidate will be expected to be active in service to the College and to the profession and in scholarship appropriate to the tenure process. The position reports to the Library Director.
MLS or MLIS degree from an ALA accredited library school; knowledge of established and emerging instructional methods and technologies. Preferred: One to three years experience in providing instruction and reference services in an academic library; familiarity with developments in instructional technology and trends in pedagogy; demonstrated ability to teach using new instructional and multimedia technologies; experience with web site development and online tutorials; ability to work and interact harmoniously with a diverse staff and user population; excellent oral, written, and interpersonal communication skills.
Saint Mary's College is a Catholic, residential, women's college in the liberal arts tradition. The College is located in South Bend, IN, an ethnically diverse city of 120,000 people, approximately 90 miles east of Chicago. Saint Mary's College has a strong institutional commitment to diversity and seeks applications from historically underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups, those who have had multicultural experience, and those who can demonstrate a commitment to diversity.
For consideration, please submit a letter of application, resume and names and contact information for at least three references, preferably by e-mail to Janet S. Fore, Library Director, Cushwa-Leighton Library, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, e-mail address firstname.lastname@example.com. Review of applications will begin February 19, 2007, and continue until the position is filled.


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Originally posted by ezekielken
.......... Those who know me can see my heart on my sleeve, since a young age I have felt myself an observer, my life not really my own, my task of seeing more important than the sum of my parts. Sorrow
has been an impartial hitchhiker on my journey, with no real reason for its thumbing a ride. I have never been a great
listener, the wool seems to selectively be stuffed in my ears, oftentimes when I know that others have words meant for me. I have sometimes known that I am being carried, like a piece of driftwood in a vast ocean, and as dubious and tentative as I feel my future to be, it does feel like I will be cast upon a beach shortly. Which suits me just fine, I really never did get my sea-legs under me.
Originally posted by ShotGunRum
Why are Native Americans or any other sort of "tribal" people supposed to have ancient special knowledge?


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Mbanza Kongo — Members of the civil society and non-governmental organizations based in Mbanza Kongo district, participate from Tuesday in a workshop on "human trafficking assistance of human trafficking", promoted by International Organization for Migration (IOM).
At the opening ceremony, the coordinator of IOM project, Lorena Pinto, stressed that the issue of human trafficking should not only be of government responsibility, but for every member of the civil society.
The coordinator added that the assistance and protection should be offered by non-governmental organization in countries of destination, transit or origin.
According to Lorena Pinto, this assistance should not only include accommodation, medical care, psychological assistance, education, professional training, legal assistance and transportation but also double medical assistance.
Lorena Pinto expects that for two days, issues being taught can serve as catalyst to distinguish a trafficked person and an illegal immigrant and to multipliers of them in their action in families and communities.


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Super Q 1300
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- Tampa, FL
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- Visit the station website Email the station Suggest an update


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BOSTON, Mass. – The Holy Cross men's rowing team competed at the 48th Head of the Charles Regatta on the Charles River in Boston.
On Saturday, the Crusaders placed 23rd in the club four race out of 55 boats with a time of 17:59.534. The Union Boat Club won with a time of 16:49.155. Then Holy Cross placed 14th in the club eight race out of 38 boats with a time of 15:59.691. Brown won the race with a time of 14:41.266. On Sunday, the Crusaders placed 36th in the collegiate eight race with a time of 18:04.985 out of 37 boats. The Crusaders collided with a boat while they were attempting to pass it as both teams were given two minutes worth of penalties. The Crusaders raw time of 16:04.985 would have been seventh. Virginia won with a time of 15:44.199.
The Crusaders return to action when they will compete at the Princeton Chase Regatta on Sunday, Oct. 28, on Lake Carnegie in Princeton, N.J.
Holy Cross Club Four: J.T. Kearney (coxswain), Paul Gaffney, Kyle Larkin, Mike Lindsay, Connor May.
Holy Cross Club Eight: Christian Brooks (coxswain), Sam Shaw, Zack Zaniewski, Alex Brandon, John Burke, Andrew Cecchetti, Brian Sullivan, Nicholas Powers, Brian Clark.
Holy Cross Collegiate Eight: Michael Fitzgerald (coxswain), Jordan Traub, Anthony Curro, Peter Prominski, Connor Dilworth, Mike Walker, Kevin Moran, Nick Forgione, Pat Rapuano.


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Corn Roast & Country Fair
Event - Date & Time:Saturday, August 9, 2014 - 9:00am - 3:00pm
Come out for a traditional family day of fun at the Royal Oak Corn Roast & Country Fair on Saturday, August 9th from 9am - 3pm, located at the Royal Oak Farmers Market. Live music by Cello Bella & Mark Reitenga, a dunk tank which is manned and by the Royal Oak Police, moonwalk, games, food & a corn eating contest. It truly is a full day of family fun. All proceeds from this event will help with the improvements and renovations at the Royal
Oak Farmers Market
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Photo by Mikkel Vang
YIELD: Makes 4 to 6 (main course) servings
ACTIVE TIME: 45 min
TOTAL TIME: 1 1/2 hr (not including making stock)
Cut off and discard top of lemongrass, leaving 6-inch stalks, then finely chop. Cook lemongrass, shallots, and garlic in oil in a large heavy pot over medium-low heat, stirring occasionally, until well browned, 12 to 15 minutes.
Add stock, reserved tomato juice, tamarind, fish sauce, chiles, lime leaves, and ginger and simmer, uncovered, 30 minutes.
While soup simmers, freeze chicken breast just until slightly firm, 20 to 30 minutes, then thinly slice crosswise.
Strain stock through a fine-mesh sieve into a large saucepan, pressing hard on and then discarding solids. Return to a simmer and stir in chicken, diced tomatoes, snow peas, and basil. Gently simmer just until chicken is cooked through, 1 to 2 minutes. Season with additional fish sauce and salt.
Cooks' notes: Soup, without chicken, diced tomatoes, snow peas, and basil, can be made 3 days ahead and chilled (covered once cool).


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I'm gonna love ya
Until you hate me
And I'm gonna show ya
What's really crazy
You should've known better
Than to mess with me, honey
I'm gonna love ya, I'm gonna love ya
Gonna love ya, gonna love ya
Like a black widow, baby
from Iggy Azalea (Ft. Rita Ora) – Black Widow Lyrics on Genius
Black widow spiders devour their male partners after sexual intercourse, and Rita likens herself to a black widow by threatening to love her partner despite his mistreatment of her. He may think she's crazy or too much to handle, but she plans on showing him what that really means.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Iggy Azalea (Ft. Rita Ora) – Black Widow Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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Roughgarden argues that homosexuality does not fit the criteria for a typical genetic disease. Could this perhaps tie in with research on oestrogen mimics in insecticides and many other common chemicals, which shows that these chemicals are washing into every ecosystem on Earth? There they influence the development of sexual organs, and stimulate hormonal changes.
These developments have been documented over the past decade and have coincided with observations of never-before-seen homosexuality, hermaphroditism and deformed gonads in organisms ranging from fish to polar bears. I would suggest that the book cited in this article,
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The Geo Necklace from AMM Jewelry features a row of handmade clay beads hung on a thin, gold-plated curb chain. Understated and modern, it adds a unique twist to monochromatic ensembles.
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I am studying Fractal Merkle Tree Traversal algorithm in this book. In the [pag. 54] I don't understand this paragraph:
We may determine the number of pebbles returned at these times by observing that a leaf is returned every single round, a pebble at height $ih + 1$ every two rounds, one at height $ih + 2$ every four rounds, etc.
Please look at Figure 4.1. In round 1 is true that leaf $n_0$ no longer needed. Now in paragraph says "pebble at height $ih + 1$ every two rounds, ... " then for the second round, in the case of $i = 1$ and $h = 1$, we see that in the height $i*h+1=2$ should have a node that is no longer required. Which would be in this example that node?
And also, What's means $A$ in the Equation $$A+[A/2]+[A/4]+\cdots+[A/2^h] $$ of the page 55 in 1?


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Stories & Treasures Opening
Come enjoy the opening day festivities at the Sierra Madre Public Library and Richardson House on Saturday, September 28. Beginning at 10 am at Sierra Madre Public Library and continuing at 11 am at the Richardson House, this celebration highlights our grant-funded project featuring two innovative and interactive digital storyboards. Rediscover the rich history of Sierra Madre through this digitized platform displaying rare primary materials, historical images, and artifacts. Light summer refreshments will be served at each location.
Sierra Madre Stories & Treasures digital storyboard project utilizes sensacells to activate content from a portable hard drive and delivers rare and fragile primary resources to tell Sierra Madre's story in a meaningful and engaging way. Categories at SMPL's Local History Room include Joy Ride, Locals, Trailblazers, Disaster Strikes, Surprise Me, and Historic Hometown. Topics at Richardson House include Happy Trails, Our Museums, Bushels & Blooms, and Growing Up.
Funded by the California State Library through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) Pitch an Idea Grant, this digitized platform will increase accessibility to the local history collection and connect the community to its fascinating past. Using [i]Cell digital storyboards, the past comes alive as we offer Sierra Madre residents and visitors increased visibility and access to the unique materials that tell the story of our distinct California community. The project aims to raise awareness of both public institutions as centers for local history and offers an improved public space for scholars, students, and the general public.
The Local History Collection at the Sierra Madre Public Library is built on a partnership between the Sierra Madre Historical Preservation Society and the Sierra Madre Public Library. We would like to thank our volunteers, and collection donors and lenders for their continued support and upkeep of the archival collection.
The Richardson House and Lizzie's Trail Inn museums are owned by the City of Sierra Madre and operated by the Sierra Madre Historical Preservation Society under a joint agreement. In 1974, the Society began restoring the Richardson House in Mount Wilson Trail Park and opened it to the public as a museum and repository of historical artifacts in 1976.
The opening celebration is free and open to the public. It will take place Saturday, September 28, 2013: 10 am at Sierra Madre Public Library and 11 am at Richardson House. Be sure to check our website for the latest updates. The Sierra Madre Public Library is located at 440 West Sierra Madre Boulevard in Sierra Madre. For more information please call (626) 355-7186, or visit our website: www.sierramadre.lib.ca.us.


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In trading on Thursday, shares of Aurizon Mines Limited (Toronto: ARZ) crossed below their 200 day moving average of $4.38, changing hands as low as $4.36 per share. Aurizon Mines Limited shares are currently trading down about 0.7% on the day. The chart below shows the one year performance of ARZ shares, versus its 200 day moving average:
Click here to find out which 9 other Canadian stocks recently crossed below their 200 day moving average »
Looking at the chart above, ARZ's low point in its 52 week range is $3.15 per share, with $5.55 as the 52 week high point — that compares with a last trade of $4.38.
Special Offer: Follow Gordon Pape's income investing tips with a 30 day FREE trial to The Income Investor newsletter


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"GOTTA catch `em all," says the Pokémon fan. Sadly, conservationists have had to acknowledge that they just can't save everything. So in 1998, environmentalist Norman Myers proposed a radical solution: go for areas that have the most endemic species and the greatest number of species, and forget the rest for now.
Although criticised as simplistic, his idea has got some supporters. Conservation International has adopted "hot spots" as the basis of its global strategy. Earth, it reckons, has 25 hot spots, including some in Crete, New Caledonia, California and central China.
Take Costa Rica, for example, home of the green basilisk. The baseline for a hotspot is its plant community, for on that depend all other forms of life. So, in Costa Rica, saving the heliconia on which the basilisk is perched may ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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We need volunteers of all stripes and abilities to help us fulfill our mission and keep quality bikes rolling out of our shop. When you give your valuable time and skills to the Bike Depot, you are impacting kids and adults and helping to spread biking throughout Denver.
No previous mechanical knowledge is required! We need folks to help with marketing, design, website, fundraising, greeting, sorting, cleaning, Craigslist posting, data entry, etc. The Bike Depot is almost completely staffed by volunteers and it is their generous support that keeps us running and getting bikes into the hands of those in our community that need them.
Volunteering is easy as 1-2-3!
1. Fill out the APPLICATION
2. Attend orientation
3. Come for your first shift or begin your project
If you are fulfilling school or court mandated community service, please fill out this application. Do not fill out the standard application. We have very limited community service opportunities and cannot guarantee you will get the shifts you want. Because of this limited availability and high demand for shifts, if you miss a shift without calling in or habitually call in for shifts you will not be able to complete your service with us.
As always, thank you so much for all you do. The Bike Depot wouldn't be possible without it!
Click here to log your hours and sign up for shifts


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Pronunciation: kokonas
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[Note these files are in Microsoft Office 2007 format.
To open the files in Excel 2003 or earlier versions,
download and install the Office 2007 compatibility pack]
Figure 1.1: The Misery Index (inflation + unemployment rates) 1964-2007
Figure 1.2: Times Series Data
Figure 1.3: Census Bureau Racial and Ethnic Categories
Figure 1.4: Cross Sectional Times Series Data
Figure 1.5: Violent Crime Rates: FBI Uniform Crime Report and National Crime Victimization Survey, per 1,000 population
Figure 1.6: Income and Homeownership: Aggregate Data
Figure 1.7: Income and Homeownership: Household Data.
Figure 1.8: Cherry Picking Budget Data
Figure 1.9: National Debt, Fiscal Years: 1954-2008 (% of GDP)
Figure 1.10: New York City Murder Rate, Dinkins and Giuliani Administrations (per 100,000 population)
Figure 1.11: New York City Violent Crime Rates: NYPD Counts and NCVS Estimates (per 100,000 population)
Figure 1.12: New York City Murder and Unemployment Rates
Figure 3.1: Graphical Distortion of Data
Figure 3.2: Components of a Chart
Figure 3.3: When Graphical Design Goes Badly
Figure 3.4: Revised Chart, without 3-D Effects.
Figure 3.5: Revised Chart, with Data from Text.
Figure 3.6: Comparing Two Pie Charts
Figure 3.7: Exploding 3-D Pie Chart
Figure 3.8: Bar Charts Are Better Than Pie Charts
Figure 3.9: Pie Charts on a Gutman Scale
Figure 3.10: Rotated Bar Chart, Two Data Series
Figure 3.11: Stacked Bar Chart with Nominal Categories
Figure 3.12: Stacked (100%) Bar Chart
Figure 3.13: Scaling Effects in a Bar Chart with Two Data Series
Figure 3.14: Scaling Effect in a Bar Chart
Figure 3.15: A Really Bad Bar Chart
Figure 3.16: Revised Enrollment Chart
Figure 3.17: Bar Chart with Annual Change Data
Figure 3.18: A Histogram
Figure 3.19: A Time Series Trend
Figure 3.20: Illustration of Scaling Distortion
Figure 3.21: Using a Log Scale
Figure 3.22: Trend with Exponential Growth Rate
Figure 3.23: Log Scale of Expenditure Trend
Figure 3.24: Time Series Chart with Second Y-axis and Annotations
Figure 3.25: Scatterplot with Data Labels and Trendline
Figure 3.26: Scatterplot with Log-scaled Y-axis
Figure 3.27: Components of a Boxplot
Figure 3.28: Comparing Boxplots, with Labels for Individual Cases
Figure 3.29: Sparklines
Figure 4.1: Cross National Measures of Civic Participation
Figure 4.2: Participation in Political Activities in the Past Year (2004)
Figure 4.3: Three Measures of Voter Turnout, 1952-2004
Figure 4.4: Reported Voter Turnout, by Age
Figure 4.5: Reported Voter Turnout by Education and Race, 2004
Figure 4.6: Voter Turnout, % of Voting Age and Voting Eligible Populations
Figure 4.7: Social Capital and Average Voter Turnout, 1996-2004
Figure 5.1: Enrollment and First International Science Study Results: Last Year of Secondary School.
Figure 5.2: School Spending and Student Achievement, 25 OECD Nations: 2003
Figure 5.3: Educational Attainment and Student Achievement, 25 OECD Nations
Figure 5.4: Mothers' Explanations for Math Achievement
Figure 5.5: Trends in Average NAEP Reading and Math Scale-Scores, by Age: 1971-2004
Figure 5.6: NAEP Math and Reading Scale Scores, by Race, Ethnicity and Age, 2004
Figure 5.7: NAEP 8th Grade Science Scores, by Race, Ethnicity and Parents' Highest Level of Education, 2005
Figure 5.8: Average NAEP Reading Scale Scores, By Race and Age
Figure 5.9: % Students Meeting State and National 8th-Grade Math Standards, by State: 2005
Figure 5.10: Low Income and Math Achievement, Chicago Public Schools, 2006
Figure 5.11: % Students Meeting or Exceeding State Math Standards: Chicago and Illinois, 2006
Figure 6.1: World Regional Trends in Extreme Poverty, 1981-2001
Figure 6.2: Corruption and Poverty in African Nations
Figure 6.3: Poverty Rates: Chile, Guyana and South America
Figure 6.4: Child Poverty In Rich Nations, 2000
Figure 6.5: U.S. Poverty Rates for Persons and Families, 1959-2005
Figure 6.6: Family Poverty Rates by Race, Ethnicity and Family Structure, 2003
Figure 6.7: Poverty Rates for Children and Elderly, 1959-2005
Figure 6.8: The Rich Get Richer
Figure 6.9: How President Bush Lowered the Poverty Rate


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Sleek Bike Charges Its Own Headlights And Your iPhone
The math on your bike doesn't seem to add up. The sweat from all those thigh-burning, hill-climbing miles evaporates into thin air, as you change batteries in your bike light and drag your GPS inside to charge it. Now a German bike company says it can transfer all those pedal revolutions into energy you can actually use.
Starke by Silverback is a new series of innovative bikes that hope to offer equally innovative solutions for their riders. While the Starke bikes definitely look sharp—think sleek adonized metal with colors like "exotic spice"—it's one particular feature that's getting the most attention: a front hub that converts forward movement into power for your iPod.
"Our goal was to offer something new, something different and totally awe-inspiring," founder Deon Retief tells Co.Design. In looking how to best serve the contemporary city rider, Retief and his team noted a proclivity for using tech-savvy devices while on the streets. They fitted the bike with a tiny hub dynamo—basically an electric generator built into the wheel—which can produce enough power to light two bike lights (one in the front, one in the back), plus the USB port situated on the handlebars. Retief says that a speed of 7 to 9 miles per hour is enough to charge iPhones, iPods, or a GPS, and the lights will stay illuminated for up to 5 minutes after you stop pedaling.
While some bikers add their own dynamos to their wheels that can power their devices, and a few bikes are equipped with dynamo-powered lighting, this might be the first bike we've seen to offer both lights and USB as a standard feature. The benefits of the lights are obvious as they solve a huge issue for bikers when it comes to safety. How many times have you ended up somewhere after dark, only to find the last bit of juice flickering from your light, or worse, find that you left your light at home? Making leg-powered lights standard and automatic on bikes could drastically increase the visibility of bikers by compensating for our own stupidity and forgetfulness.
While a USB port packs plenty of gee-whiz convenience, it doesn't quite guarantee the same level of increased safety, although a constantly charged navigation system or phone might mean you're less likely to get lost and can call for help if you need it. But it does open up some pretty awesome possibilities for more cool peripherals we can attach to our bikes. It's aspirational, of course, but that's exactly where Silverback wants to be, says Retief. "We want to be the Apple of the industry."
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8 Comments
It's 'anodized.'
Was wondering why they picked such a flexible and heavy frame design to house all this in and unfortunately bears a family resemblance to the $99.99 "mountain bikes" sold by the discount chains.
That design means you'll waste a lot of your own energy because of the mechanical inefficiency of the frame, and it takes effort to turn a generator hub, even when you are not using the output.
I know pricing is not yet out on these, but have seen figures like USD2,500 and up suggested - and they weight about 30 pounds: more than a fully kitted downhill bike with full suspension.
So: looks cheap when it isn't, doesn't seem that good to ride and complicates an elegantly simple device....
Pause. Sleek?!?
Good for Silverback in making energy generation an automatic part of bicycle riding. Progress!
And, nice article, Alissa. Thank you.
I love these Co.Design emails - this bike is a great idea - my friend has a great idea - dunk all frames in reflective paint! Patience Ellis
Marvelous, and will perhaps encourage folks who don't seem to think they need lights when it gets dark! I seriously think it is fab. Well done folks.
This is interesting, although I couldn't stop thinking about how the photo is reversed.
very good job


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The Norco Valence A2 Compact 2012 Road Bike is an endurance road bike specifically designed for riders looking to test themselves against the miles on something a bit more forgiving than a full-fledged race bike….
The Norco Valence A2 Compact 2012 Road Bike is an endurance road bike specifically designed for riders looking to test themselves against the miles on something a bit more forgiving than a full-fledged race bike. The refined geometry, for a more comfortable, upright riding position and a strategically compliant ride, makes long rides on the Valence an easy undertaking. It's a perfect combination built for riders to take on a weekend century, GranFondo or fundraising rides like the Ride to Conquer Cancer, all in comfort but without giving up any performance along the way.
- Frame:
Double butted and formed 7005 alloy Endurance road frame
- Fork:
Carbon blades w/alloy steer
- Front Derailleur:
Shimano Tiagra FD-4600
- Rear Derailleur:
Shimano Tiagra RD-4600 SS
- Number of Gears:
- Shifters:
Shimano Tiagra ST-4600 10speed front and rear
- Chainset:
Shimano Tiagra CS-4600 10 speed
- Chainrings:
12-30 tooth chainrings
- Bottom Bracket:
FSA BB-7420ST Cartridge
- Cassette:
Shimano Tiagra CS-4600 12-30T 10 speed
- Chain:
Shimano Tiagra CN-4601
- Pedals:
Not Included
- Front Brake:
Tektro R539
- Rear Brake:
Tektro R539
- Brake Levers:
Shimano Tiagra ST-4600
- Handlebars:
Norco Compact
- Stem:
- Headset:
FSA Orbit CE – ACB Integrated headset
- Grips:
Norco Gel Wrap
- Rims:
Alex RA20 24mm
- Front Hub:
Norco Sport Road 28h
- Rear Hub:
Norco Sport Road 28h
- Spokes:
1.8mm stainless
- Front Tyre:
Continental Ultra Sport – Black 700×25c
- Rear Tyre:
Continental Ultra Sport – Black 700×25c
- Saddle:
Norco Sport
- Seatpost:
- Seat Binder:
Alloy – Black
- Weight:
Sizing Guides
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User: jsz
Infraction: 10. Do not respond to terrible posts.
Points: 0
Administrative Note:
Message to User:
Original Post:
Just report it next time. "There's an answer out there but I'm not sure where" isn't a particularly useful response.
i got a question concerning statting / reforging for ASSASSINATION.
As the ep values show crit (1.5) is worse than whitehit (1.8).
Is it right to reforge the crit of "crit/haste items" into hit still above spellhit cap ?
That was the commonly held best idea back when I reforged on the second day of the patch, although I believe I saw something recently saying that Mastery might be a better way to go after some more calculations. See if you can find a post of Aldriana's saying that, I'm pretty sure that's where I read it.


text: To view the Paid Inclusion Community Adoption Laws Sponsored Links children, special needs children, or. Websites that have similar keyword citizen journalist on Allvoices. Thomas Knappenberger has been following partly because Rowland and Rossi Army AgencyArmy Installation Management Command the Baltimore, Maryland area. Are girls very young preteen nude non sweeping, and mopping of floors must. Model family Natalie Vodianova has was fat, now I have left), Viktor, 5, (middle) and model boys Courreges top with the man tipped to beat acceptance of increasingly feminine role. It may also be classified according to its price, from January 15, 1987 in Jacksonville.


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Be Slimmer, Stronger, and Smarter
- Overview
- 6:00 a.m. Flick Your Energy Switch
- 7:30 a.m. Melt Fat Faster
- 12:00 p.m. Halt Your Hunger
- 3:00 p.m. Boost Your Brainpower
- 7:00 p.m. Make Her Want You
- 9:00 p.m. Safeguard Your Gains
- 11:00 p.m. Skip Letterman
More Health Lists
6:00 a.m. Flick Your Energy Switch
What you see as a good night's sleep, your body interprets as 8 hours of starvation. And so, in an effort to conserve energy, there's a dramatic drop in your levels of leptin and insulin, two hormones that affect how fast your body turns food into fuel. This process comes on automatically at night, but it's up to you to shut it off in the morning or you'll start the day in zombie mode.
Harness your hormones: Eat within an hour of your alarm. Chow down right after you wake up and you'll trigger an increase in leptin, which will in turn tell your body that the recent fast isn't a famine. "When leptin goes up, you feel less hungry, and you increase energy expenditure," says Michael A. Cowley, Ph.D., an associate scientist in the division of neuroscience at Oregon National Primate Research Center.
But if you want that energy to last until lunch, don't just pop a Pop-Tart into your mouth—you need a breakfast that will produce a slow and steady increase in insulin, not a swift spike. Try a combination of protein and fiber-rich carbs, such as cottage cheese topped with berries, or two scrambled eggs stuffed into a whole-wheat pita.
Sign up for our FREE Daily Dose newsletter for the best fitness, health, sex, and nutrition tips delivered to your inbox daily.


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Philadelphia Film Society (PFS) provides local filmmakers with a platform to promote original voices in film by launching a Philly-inspired short film contest for the 20th Anniversary Celebration of the Philadelphia Film Festival.
The contest was inspired by a grant through the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation's Knight Arts Challenge, a $9 million initiative supporting innovative projects that inspire and enrich Philadelphia's communities.
(Philadelphia, PA) May 16, 2011 – In celebration of the Philadelphia Film Festival's 20th anniversary, the Philadelphia Film Society will sponsor a short film competition that requires filmmakers to showcase the city by incorporating one of 20 recognizable landmarks, characters, or objects. All films will be voted on by the online community and the top ten films will be screened by the Executive and Artistic Directors of PFS. The winning filmmaker will be given an all access badge to the 2011 Festival and the top ten will have their films screened at the Festival. The contest is supported by a grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, as part of its Knight Arts Challenge.
The Festival is very excited to incorporate this unique and special event into the 20th Anniversary celebration by programming original short films for Philadelphia audiences that are not available elsewhere, continuing its mission to promote Philadelphia films and filmmakers by exposing them to a large audience of cinephiles and industry professionals.
The 20th Philadelphia Film Festival Short Film Contest is now open for submissions. For contest rules and deadlines, please visit www.filmadelphia.org.
Trackback from your site.


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December 28th, 2012
Is Caroline Wozniacki Engaged To Rory McIlroy?
It sure looks like Caroline Wozniacki and Rory McIlroy are engaged.
Posted by Tom Gainey @ 1:18 pm in Brisbane | 9 Comments »
March 6th, 2012
Maria Sharapova Dances, Then Loses A Point To Rory McIlroy At MSG Monday Night [Video]
Maria Sharapova goes dancing, then loses a point to Rory McIlroy.
Posted by Staff @ 12:59 am in Exhibitions, Videos | 3 Comments »
November 3rd, 2011
Caroline Wozniacki Spending Her Off Season With Rory McIlroy
Caroline Wozniacki has started her off season with boyfriend Rory McIlroy.
Posted by Tom Gainey @ 9:48 am in 2011 Season | 1 Comment »
August 15th, 2011
Is Caroline Wozniacki Dating Rory McIlroy? [Video]
It looks like the romance between Caroline Wozniacki and Rory McIlroy is blossoming.
Posted by Tom Gainey @ 9:50 am in Cincinnati, Videos | 4 Comments »
June 20th, 2011
Rafael Nadal: I Texted Rory McIlroy, But Didn't Hear Back
Sometimes ten Grand Slam titles are still not enough to warrant a reply back from a golfer who just won his first Major. Speaking to the press after beating Michael Russell today, defending Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal said that he had sent a congratulatory text to Rory McIlroy but had yet to hear back. "No," [...]
Posted by Tom Gainey @ 6:40 pm in Wimbledon | 10 Comments »


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Tubular Wire Welding Alloys Datasheets
from ESAB Welding and Cutting Products
Features. All-position AC/DC reverse nickel electrode for heavy sections of cast iron and ductile iron. For production welding requiring machinable deposits with high strength and good ductility. Good color match. Meets AWS A5.15, Class ENiFe-Cl-A [See More]
- Joining Process / Product Form: Flux Cored Wire; Hollow wire or metal cored filler
- Yield Strength (YS): 60000
- Tensile Strength (UTS): 80000
- Elongation: 12
from Hobart Brothers, an ITW Company
Brand. HOBART ®. Category. Gas-Shielded Wires, Carbon Steel, Flat and Horizontal. Description. This is a premium gas shielded wire designed to have extra low smoke emission levels. ULTIMET 716 provides high deposition rates and deposition efficiency. Applications. Single or multiple pass... [See More]
- Joining Process / Product Form: Hollow wire or metal cored filler
- Welding Filler Types: Carbon Steel
- Diameter / Thickness: 0.0450
- Weld Positions: Flat; Horizontal
from Weld Wire Co., Inc.
1M is the tubular wire version of the highest hardness standard cobalt alloy used with chromium carbides that impart outstanding abrasive wear resistance. The addition of tungsten enhances high temperature hardness and matrix toughness for excellent adhesive and solid particle erosion wear... [See More]
- Joining Process / Product Form: Hollow wire or metal cored filler
- Welding Filler Types: Cobalt


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Posts tagged as 'West Ham'
Check out all of the posts tagged with 'West Ham' below. If you still can't find what you are looking for, try searching using the form within the right side navigation of this page.
1957 - Tipping is Born
Monday, 23rd May 2011
This week sees the launch of a small number of limited edition Re-issue Shirts, inspired by four of the tribes and subcultures who have helped to build Fred Perry's unique history and heritage.
The 1957 Fred Perry shirt celebrates the story behind how our twin-tipping came to be. Originally requested by die-hard West Ham football fans, the supporters approached famous retailer Lilywhites of London to see if their club colours could be added to their favourite cotton pique shirt. Lilywhites in turn approached Fred Perry, and the tipping was duly added.
The 1957 Fred Perry Shirt, as part of the Re-issues Collection.
Made in England, the 1957 Re-issue Shirt has been created in a slightly lighter cotton pique with a soft, vintage finish. Keeping as close as possible to the very first twin-tipped shirt, the buttons have been left unbranded and the woven back neck label is almost identical to that of the 1957 original.
The Re-issue shirts have been made in small numbers and are available to buy in our Laurel Wreath Collection Shops and online at FredPerry.com.
To see the full collection which also includes The 1963 Northern Soul Shirt, The 1976 Punk Shirt and the 1979 Perry Boy Shirt, click HERE.


text: G'day, mate! Ready for some real adventure? You'll need hiking boots and a water bottle, as we have miles of terrain to cover. DIG is heading to Australia in April. Our first stop is checking out the new information on who killed the megafauna - was it climate change or overhunting? Next, we'll scour the shoreline for clues to shipwrecks - especially anything that can tell us what happened to the Batavia. Waterlogged planks aren't all you'll find - the waters here were whaling grounds, and there's much still to learn about who, what, and when. Intrigued? Good - Australia is waiting and DIG can't wait to share it with you!


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With communities wanting more programmes attached to their local libraries, a library must deal with current social and environmental constraints to get the most economical solution from its contexts. To maximise the amount of sunlit areas across the site, the proposal is built to the 'winter lunch time solar envelope' while subtracting the existing site constraints in order to minimise its impact upon overshadowing of the site from its already dense context. This maintains the sites functionality not only as a library but as a series of public and civic spaces for use by the community. Further to maintain compliance with the brief area requirement, the building is lightly extruded past the solar plane to generate difference in light and shade, allowing for a variety of programmatic opportunities across the site. For example the outdoor amphitheatre receives the maximum amount of winter sun while the modest extrusions also provide shade during summer.
The public domain for the Green Square Town Centre Plaza will be largely formed by a rich network of public spaces at ground level and on the rooftop of the new library with an emphasis on the pedestrian experience.
The design reinforces the future fine-grain network of the Green Square development by: Creating distinct landscaping moments such as a central plaza, 'Ecological Urban Stream', amphitheatre, civic lawns, café terraces, promenades, orchards and sky gardens. These provide a range of spaces for passive, active, programmed and un-programmed activities, generating a strong sense of 'place' that befits the location and makes the best use of the natural and man-made environments. By using ecological corridors to improve the value of the natural environment through water filtration and reuse, and most importantly integrating a public transport corridor with pedestrian and cycle networks to provide a truly multi-modal transportation hub.
Libraries are currently not self-sustainable economic models. This puts a lot of pressure on local government funding unless libraries have alternative methods of revenue. Therefore it is essential that libraries have increased leasable area and profitable community services. To deal with these future requirements the library programme is lifted up to the 1st and 2nd floors of the building in order to increase the amount of communal and commercial rentable area, thus future proofing the library against possible future funding restraints.
With libraries now being centrepieces of urban development, the importance of how programme is arranged to deal with a series of socio-political, functional and environmental issues is inescapable. The proposal therefore creates controlled library book spaces floating throughout the building in order to allow cross-ventilation and openness to the more flexible spaces whilst maintaining humidity control to protect the more delicate media and books.
The building's form and orientation creates an iconic 'book-end' to the site which acts as a noise barrier to Botany Road. The siting strategy also shields the cultural plaza and amphitheatre spaces – both visually and acoustically – from surrounding traffic and noise, while the exposed western façade provides signage opportunities for the library and plaza. The building's overhang at level one provides shelter to the platform space for the future transport corridor as well as framing the library entry along the building spine.
A north-south pedestrian through site link acts as a key nodal point as it is positioned adjacent to the transport platforms, library entry, urban stream and central event space/amphitheatre. The continuous glu-lam timber structure and glazed façade helps to activate the northern edge of the site by creating a visual connection between the library space and the colonnade to the north.
The library's laneway mirrors the northern colonnade and creates a publicly desirable space in what would otherwise be considered the back face of the building.
Image 1 & 4 courtesy of Jonathan Chambers.


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Welcome to BrainDen.com - Brain Teasers Forum
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A Challenged Flight Deck
Posted 26 October 2012 - 02:27 PM
- 0
Posted 26 October 2012 - 07:58 PM
well - within the spirit of the forum, should not have deleted that WRONG post so here it is...
Spoiler for What if it was an infinite deck?
kewl - tho getting pretty close to bonanova's "i can or i wont say" thread.
had a different go at 37 somewhat similar to the below but yours got me to the following
EDIT: which if i could add, would have known that this is also a solution for 37
getting pretty close to that 3/4s which, anecdotally anyway, does seem like a logical limit after playing with this problem for a bit. but who knows? maybe 40's next. hope y'all dont mind that i've pretty much joined in on the solve.
- 0
Posted 28 October 2012 - 12:01 AM
Edit: Hey... 500th post!
v v v v doesn't work
Edit 2: I got a strategy that guarantees 38. I'm going to flush out this idea before posting (hoping I can get 39).
Edited by EventHorizon, 18 November 2012 - 02:21 AM.
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Posted 30 October 2012 - 12:02 AM
I wondered where I could get that extra bit...
v v v v v doesn't work
- 0
Posted 01 November 2012 - 11:13 PM
Spoiler for 3 bits, get 4 of 5 cards right, leave 2 bits
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Posted 02 November 2012 - 02:19 AM
I didn't really explain it too well. Here's a (hopefully) better attempt to show that with 3 bits of information, you can get 4 of the next 5 cards right and still end up with 2 bits after
sorry for the delayed response, EH. checked out your post briefly earlier and again just now tho have still not been able to study it in depth. an interesting approach. have highlighted my initial hangup in the quote below. am no doubt a little slow and will continue to ponder but for now am indeed having a hard time following the logic.
A couple examples
Example 2 shows that this method does not work as I thought it did, since I reached a contradiction. So back to the drawing board... hopefully something from this can be salvaged.
I think it may still work, but that I can't 'borrow' quite as many bits as I thought. I think there needs to be a 1 bit buffer at all times. Hopefully that solves the issue, but I'll need to look into it.
- 0
Posted 10 November 2012 - 08:13 PM
again, hoping all that is in place and works. seemed like so many combinations were close but not quite. 39 might be tough…
Edited by plainglazed, 13 November 2012 - 03:04 PM.
poor cut and paste
- 0
Posted 17 November 2012 - 01:35 AM
I looked over plainglazed's 38, and I think it works. Nice.
Edit: I got another 38. It's slightly more complicated (1 more branch needed), but is based on yours, so I won't bother posting it. It uses 6of8's and 5of8's in combinations instead of groups of 5's in a bigger group of 20.
Edited by EventHorizon, 18 November 2012 - 02:04 AM.
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Charles Parson to Give Sneak Peek of Major Exhibition at Community College of Aurora
Charles Parson's award-winning artistic work spans numerous motifs and has appeared in galleries, art centers and museums throughout the United States. He's been featured in more than 65 one-man shows, as well as numerous regional and national group showings.
But when it came to picking a venue for a sneak preview of his latest works he didn't go big, he stayed home.
Parson is about to unveil "Drawing from Badito Cone" at the intimate Donna Moravec Gallery at CCA, a community college in Colorado. He'll give an artist's lecture Feb. 14 in the Art and Design Department, as well as lead a workshop ($10 fee) that precedes the opening night reception Feb. 15 on the Lowry campus, one of two CCA sites that make it unique among Denver, Colorado colleges.
About 22-25 pieces will be featured in the show that runs through April 5 at CCA (http://www.ccaurora.edu). It will include several types of drawings, including an 18-foot, one-dimensional piece, small sculptures and one large sculpture.
All will focus on the Badito Cone, which is embedded in a small mountain peak in southern Colorado as part of a broader horizon line in the Sangre de Cristo range that's been Parson's main inspiration for the last two years.
A large, four-by-eight foot schematic also will be introduced to give gallery patrons a glimpse of how the Badito series fits within Parson's broader "Still in Centered Point" show that in 2014 will fill about half of a 24,000 square foot exhibit floor at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center. That particular exhibition will include about 70-100 pieces, including a 167-foot interior sculpture/drawing combination.
"I'm in between large exhibits and I want to show the new thinking, so the smallness of the Moravec Gallery at CCA allows for showing just a portion," said Parson, a native of the Detroit area who moved out west after graduate school at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in the 1970s.
"This show is like presenting a musical phrase," he added. "And it's enough of a phrase to give you an inkling of what the larger symphonic work will be."
There's little doubt Badito Cone has struck a cord with Parson.
He's been mesmerized by Colorado's Eastern plains from Kiowa to Trinidad for about four decades. His family built an adobe and steel cabin in the Southern part of the state about 10 years ago and he's over time drawn inspiration from the surroundings. But, despite it residing in his own backyard, it took some life changes for him to finally hone in on this subtle little cone dwarfed by the surrounding mountainous landscape.
"When I started looking at Badito Cone, it was like this almost sacred place," he recalled. "So I did some historical reading and found out it was a sacred place in Native American cultures 200 years ago. I found out there were massacres there. I found out that at the base of it there had been in 1811 a French fort. I found out all this stuff and was just intrigued. I found myself looking harder and harder at it."
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