text:
"In 2011, the number of successful pirate attacks fell by half compared to 2010. This year, in 2012, the number of successful attacks off the Horn of Africa has continued to decline. To date, pirates have captured just ten vessels this year, compared to 34 in 2011 and 68 in 2010." - U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Andrew J. Shapiro
There are many grounds for criticizing U.S. policy toward Africa under the Obama administration, which has for the most part continued established themes in such areas as counter-terrorism, rigidly free-market economic policies, refusal to recognize international responsibility for economic and social rights, and a selective approach to violations of political rights and human security.
Strikingly, however, the administration has resisted the temptation to militarize the approach to anti-piracy, and has instead played a leading role in a multilateral and multi-dimensional approach to the issue. The successes are perhaps modest, but they are real. They are perhaps due to the fact that they reflect new structures and policies, without the paralyzing weight of past precedents. In any case, they are worth noting.
This AfricaFocus Bulletin contains excerpts from a recent speech by Andrew J. Shapiro, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, on "Turning the Tide against Somali Piracy."
The Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS), created in January 2009 pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1851, has been the key international instrument for coordination of anti-piracy policy. It includes over 60 countries and 21 international institutions (see http://www.thecgpcs.org/about.do?action=structure for list). They include, to give only a few examples, all five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, Ethiopia, Somalia, India, NATO, EU, Arab League, African Union, the International Seafarers' Union, and the International Maritime Organization.
Turning the Tide on Somali Piracy
Remarks Andrew J. Shapiro Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
Remarks to the Atlantic Council, Washington, DC, October 26, 2012
Excerpts. Full text available here
This morning I want to talk about the significant progress that we have made in combating piracy off the coast of Somalia. When the Obama administration came to office, the problem of piracy off the coast of Somalia was spiraling out of control. In 2007 and 2008, attacks off the coast of Somalia began to escalate suddenly and significantly.
A vicious and reinforcing cycle was forming. Motivated by escalating ransom payments - which grew into the millions of dollars - and a lack of other employment opportunities, more and more Somali men took to piracy. As a result, the problem of piracy metastasized from a fairly ad hoc, disorganized endeavor into a highly developed transnational criminal enterprise. Flush with money, pirates were also able to improve their capabilities and expand their operations further and further away from shore.
This presented a perfect storm for the international community. Somalia, a failed state, provided pirates with a safe haven on one of the most strategically important shipping lanes in the world - where there was virtually an endless supply of potential targets to prey on. In an interconnected world, the impact of piracy in one area can ripple across the globe.
People around the world depend on secure and reliable shipping lanes for their food, their energy, their medicine, and consumer goods brought by tankers and cargo ships. By preying on commercial ships in one of the world's busiest shipping lanes, pirates off the Horn of Africa were threatening more than just individual ships. They were threatening a central artery of the global economy - and that in turn means that they were threatening global and regional security.
As a result, action had to be taken. While there seemed to be no limit to the growth of piracy, through the collective effort of the: United States; the UK; NATO; the EU; the broader international community; and the private sector, we are now seeing signs that we may have turned the tide on Somali piracy.
Now let me be clear. Pirates at sea are searching for ships to target as we speak. And an attack may succeed at anytime, anywhere. In fact, just this week a Dutch NATO warship reportedly detained a possible pirate mothership. But while the threat remains, the progress that has been made in addressing the threat is real and remarkable.
The numbers tell the story. According to figures from the U.S. Navy, we are on track to experience a roughly 75 percent decline in overall pirate attacks this year compared with 2011. Independent, non-governmental sources, such as the International Maritime Bureau, also indicate a dramatic drop in attacks.
We are seeing fewer attempted attacks in no small measure because pirates are increasingly less successful at hijacking ships. In 2011, the number of successful pirate attacks fell by half compared to 2010. This year, in 2012, the number of successful attacks off the Horn of Africa has continued to decline. To date, pirates have captured just ten vessels this year, compared to 34 in 2011 and 68 in 2010. The last successful Somali pirate attack on a large commercial vessel was more than five months ago.
The lack of success at sea, means that Somali pirates are holding fewer and fewer hostages. In January 2011, pirates held 31 ships and 710 hostages. Today, pirates hold five ships and 143 hostages. That is roughly an 80 percent reduction in ships and hostages held by pirates since January 2011. While this is still unacceptably high, the trend is clear. We are making tremendous progress.
Today, I want to talk about the U.S. government response to piracy. I want to talk about how our response provides a model for dealing with shared global challenges and is an example of "smart power" in action.
This is a challenge where deliberate and concerted action by governments, international organizations, and the private sector resulted in a truly multilateral campaign that has suppressed piracy off the coast of Somalia to levels that seemed impossible only 18 months ago.
Smart Power
To understand our approach toward combating piracy, one has to look to the strategic direction provided by President Obama and Secretary Clinton. There was a recognition by this Administration that the complex nature of transnational challenges required a more multifaceted and integrated approach.
At her confirmation hearing, Secretary Clinton outlined the need for what she called "smart power" - noting that we must use "the full range of tools at our disposal - diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural - picking the right tool, or combination of tools, for each situation." A key feature of Secretary Clinton's approach was that the U.S. government had to operate in a more effective and integrated manner to address new and emerging challenges.
And in April 2009, shortly after taking office, Secretary Clinton called for a "long-term strategy to restore maritime security to the Horn of Africa." She stated that "we have to act swiftly and decisively" to combat the threat of piracy. And that "we may be dealing with a 17th century crime, but we need to bring 21st century solutions to bear."
This is exactly what we have sought to do in combating piracy. We have pursued an integrated multi-lateral and multi-dimensional approach. This "smart power" approach has involved utilizing every tool in our tool kit.
This cooperation has resulted in an integrated and comprehensive approach to combating piracy that has focused on:
Military power: by expanding security at sea through the use of naval assets to defend private vessels and to disrupt pirate attacks;
Collaboration with the private sector: by encouraging and empowering industry to take steps to protect itself;
Legal enforcement: by using our legal tools to deter piracy through effective prosecution and incarceration;
Targeting networks: by utilizing our investigative and financial tracking capabilities to target pirate networks, their financing and their ringleaders ashore;
And lastly development and governance: by working with our Somali partners to build responsive and credible governing institutions as well as effective law enforcement in Somalia.
I will talk about each of these areas in a bit more detail. But first, at the heart of each of these components has been our diplomatic engagement.
Diplomatic Engagement
Secretary Clinton has noted that "with smart power, diplomacy will be the vanguard of foreign policy." That is certainly the case with our counter-piracy efforts. Diplomatic engagement has been critical to every piece of our strategy - whether that's coordinating and encouraging military action or pushing maritime states to allow armed guards aboard merchant vessels. ...
This is exactly what the United States has done when addressing the problem of piracy. All countries connected to the global economy have an interest in addressing piracy. And at a time when the United States was engaged in two wars, this was not a challenge that should simply have fallen on our shoulders alone.
The United States has helped lead the international response and galvanize broad, coordinated, and comprehensive international action. Our response to piracy is an example of how we are seeking to lead in new ways, by reaching out to new actors and build new kinds of partnerships and coalitions.
In January 2009, the United States helped establish the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia. The Contact Group is based on voluntary membership of states looking to act and was established concurrent with the UN Security Council's passage of Resolution 1851. It now includes over 70 nations as well as international and maritime industry organizations.
The Contact Group is an essential forum. It helps galvanize action and coordinate the counter-piracy efforts of states, as well as regional and international organizations. A number of specialized working groups were established within the Contact Group to address a variety of subjects, including: naval coordination at sea; judicial and legal issues involving captured pirates; and public diplomacy programs in Somalia to discourage piracy. While we don't always agree on everything, we agree on a lot, and this coordinated international engagement has spawned action.
Additionally, to utilize resources effectively and prevent duplication, a UN-managed Trust Fund to support counterpiracy initiatives was established ...
This takes me to a second area of emphasis - the expansion of naval forces in the region.
Critical to the decline in piracy has been the deployment of naval forces. Encouraging the international community to take military action has been an essential component of our diplomatic efforts. For our part, on the high seas, the United States established Combined Task Force 151 - a multinational naval effort charged with conducting counterpiracy patrols in the region, covering an area of over one million square miles.
But in addition to our efforts, there are a number of coordinated multinational naval patrols off the Horn of Africa. NATO is engaged with Operation OCEAN SHIELD and the European Union has Operation ATALANTA. Other national navies, including several from Asia and the Middle East conduct counter-piracy patrols and escort operations as well. These are independent from the multinational efforts but are coordinated through participation in Shared Awareness and Deconfliction meetings known as SHADE, which helps ensure that everyone is on the same page.
On any given day up to 30 vessels from as many as 22 nations are engaged in counter-piracy operations in the region. This includes countries like China and Japan. International naval forces have thwarted pirate attacks in progress, engaged pirate skiffs, and successfully taken back hijacked ships during opposed boardings.
We have worked together to create safer shipping lanes through the Gulf of Aden for commercial shipping vessels by establishing the Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor. The transit corridor is heavily patrolled by naval forces and has helped reduce the number of attacks within the Gulf of Aden.
... But military power, while necessary, is not sufficient on its own. Given the demands on U.S. forces, we also needed to look to other tools to combat piracy.
Private Sector
This leads me to a third area of emphasis for the U.S. government - and that is working with, and empowering, the maritime industry so that they can better protect themselves from attack. Here too our diplomatic efforts have played a critical role. Perhaps the most significant factor in the decline of successful pirate attacks has been the steps taken by commercial vessels to prevent and deter attacks from happening in the first place.
The widespread adoption of Best Management Practices has clearly had a significant positive effect. These include practical measures, such as: proceeding at full-speed through high risk areas and erecting physical barriers, such as razor wire, to make it more difficult for pirates to come aboard. These measures help harden merchant ships against pirate attack. Recognizing the value of these measures, the U.S. government has required U.S.-flagged vessels sailing in designated high-risk waters to fully implement these measures.
But perhaps the ultimate security measure a commercial ship can adopt is the use of privately contracted armed security teams. These teams are often made up of former members of various armed forces, who embark on merchant ships and guard them during transits through high risk waters. The use of armed security teams has been a potential game changer in the effort to combat piracy. To date, not a single ship with armed security personnel aboard has been successfully pirated.
For our part, the U.S. government led by example, as early on in the crisis we permitted armed personnel aboard U.S.- flagged merchant vessels. We also mandated that U.S. vessels transiting high risk areas conduct a risk assessment with specific consideration given to supplementing onboard security with armed guards.
When privately contracted armed security emerged on the scene a few years back, there were widespread reservations. Many feared that armed guards would escalate the level of violence during pirate encounters, further endangering merchant mariners. In fact, it appears that the opposite has happened. From the evidence that we have seen, in most engagements, attempted attacks are usually halted by the pirates as soon as they realize an armed security team is aboard. Pirates often break off their attempt to board and turn their skiffs around to wait for another less protected ship. These teams therefore have served as an effective deterrent.
However, armed security teams come in varying sizes and, to be frank, in varying degrees of quality ...
Fully unraveling legal and policy conflicts related to armed security will take some time - and we are continuing to push for progress on this issue. Last month the State Department hosted a working level meeting of policy specialists from 23 nations and international organizations. The intent of the meeting was to share information about national or organizational policy and to give us a more complete picture of the overlaps and gaps in policy from country to country. This is an important step in figuring out a way forward that addresses the thorniest differences.
While we are finding ways to deter and suppress pirates and better protect vessels at sea, some still do not take all available security precautions. Approximately 20 percent of all ships off the Horn of Africa are not taking proper security measures. And predictably, these account for the overwhelming number of successfully pirated ships. Hijackings will therefore remain a danger for the foreseeable future.
In a hostage situation our foremost concern is always about the safety of the entire crew. However, every ransom paid only further institutionalizes piracy and increases the likelihood that others will face the threat of hijacking in the future. The United States has a long tradition of opposing the payment of ransoms, and we have worked to discourage or minimize ransom payments. When a hostage taking occurs we strongly encourage those involved to seek assistance from appropriate government authorities.
The American public should also know that this Administration will do everything it can to ensure the safety and security of American citizens threatened by pirates. We have made clear that we will act aggressively to rescue and protect American citizens threatened by piracy. For example, just months into office, President Obama was confronted with the hostage taking of the American captain of the MAERSK Alabama.
The President authorized the use of force to rescue the captured captain and after a long standoff, U.S. Navy Seals successfully freed the captain. And in January this year, just hours before the State of the Union address, President Obama ordered U.S. Special Forces to rescue an American and a Danish aid worker being held hostage on the ground in Somalia. This dangerous mission clearly demonstrated our resolve. If you attack or capture an American citizen, we will act vigilantly and aggressively to make sure you face justice.
Now let me turn to another aspect of our response - our efforts to deter piracy through effective apprehension, prosecution and incarceration of pirates and their supporters and financiers.
Today, over 1,000 pirates are in custody in 20 countries around the world. Most are, or will be, convicted and sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
An important element of our counter-piracy approach has involved a renewed emphasis on enhancing the capacity of states - particularly those in the region - to prosecute and incarcerate suspected pirates ...
Prosecution is crucial and several regional nations have been bearing the lion's share of the burden in this area. Kenya, Seychelles, and the Maldives have each accepted for prosecution dozens of pirates captured by naval forces patrolling off the Horn of Africa. They have also agreed to incarcerate convicted prisoners until more durable solutions are found. These countries deserve both commendation from the international community and support for their judicial systems.
Going forward, however, we cannot expect Somalia's neighbors to host trial after trial and continue to absorb large numbers of imprisoned pirates. Many nations have laws that allow them to prosecute piracy as a crime of universal jurisdiction. Whenever possible, nations affected by piracy, even if only tangentially, should exercise that jurisdiction and help ease the burden.
Furthermore, it is imperative that the maritime industry do everything it can to support prosecutors trying to bring cases against pirates. Too often prosecutors decline cases because they do not believe the required witnesses will be available when a case goes to trial. With pirates from one country; prosecution in a second; a shipping company from a third country; and a merchant-mariner witness from a fourth; prosecutors often have little standing to compel testimony and instead must rely on voluntary cooperation.
Crew members should be able to participate in the trials of their tormentors secure in the knowledge that their employers support their decision and will hold their job for them. To that end, the State Department and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime have worked together to support prosecutions. Together we recently provided funding and technical support for Kenyan judicial officials to hear testimony from crew members by video teleconference from their home countries for hearings held in Mombasa, Kenya.
Ultimately, the majority of Somali pirates belong in Somali prisons. That is the most durable and cost-effective outcome for most piracy cases. To the extent we in the international community can help build the capacity of Somali judicial institutions, we are helping ourselves while also making a contribution toward a more peaceful and stable Somalia.
Targeting Networks
As piracy has evolved into an organized transnational criminal enterprise, it is increasingly clear that the arrest and prosecution of rank and file pirates captured at sea is insufficient on its own to meet our longer term counter-piracy goals. Most pirates captured at sea are often low-level operatives.
The harsh reality of life in Somalia ensures there are willing replacements for pirates apprehended at sea. Prosecutions are essential but they must also include the masterminds along with the gunmen. After an intensive review of our strategy last year, Secretary Clinton approved a series of recommendations that constituted a new approach. A focus on pirate networks is at the heart of our strategy.
We are using all of the tools at our disposal in order to disrupt pirate networks and their financial flows. We are focused on identifying and apprehending the criminal conspirators who lead, manage, and finance the pirate enterprise. We are making progress in this effort. For instance, this past August, Pirate negotiator Mohammad Saaili Shibin received two consecutive life sentences from a U.S. federal court for his role in the attack that ended in the deaths of four Americans aboard the S/V Quest.
This kind of sentence is exactly what is needed to create strong disincentives to piracy. Moreover, it is an important step against the upper tiers of the pirate hierarchy and demonstrates that individuals beyond the gunmen in skiffs are culpable and prosecutable.
The Contact Group also endorsed the focus on pirate networks and formed a new working group to facilitate multilateral coordination. This effort includes tracking pirate sources of financing and supplies, such as fuel, outboard motors, and weapons. For example, working closely with INTERPOL's National Central Bureau in Washington, we have helped to develop a comprehensive database on Somali piracy that will make information accessible to law enforcement and help further criminal investigations against pirate ringleaders.
We are also supporting the effort to stand up an information fusion center in the region to facilitate the capture and prosecution of the financiers, investors, and ringleaders of Somali piracy. The Regional Anti-Piracy Prosecutions Intelligence Coordination Center known as RAPPICC is located in the Seychelles and in August broke ground on the Center's new facility, which will be located on an old Coast Guard base in the Seychelles.
RAPPICC will be part of a larger "Crime Campus" with a 20-person holding facility for use in conducting interviews. We are confident that it will help prosecutors around the world, by equipping them with the evidentiary packages they need to win convictions against not just rank and file pirates, but the middle and top tier actors.
Lastly, the most durable long-term solution to piracy is the re-establishment of stability in Somalia. The end of Somalia's political transition with a new provisional constitution, new parliament, and new president is a hopeful sign of a new era of Somali governance. This, combined with the continued security gains by the Somali National Security Forces and the African Union Mission in Somalia, presents new opportunities to move forward with Somalia's stabilization.
Once Somalia has a viable government capable of policing its own territory and its own waters, piracy will fade away. Supporting the emergence of effective and responsible governance in Somalia will require continued, accountable assistance to the Somali government to build its capacity to deal with the social, legal, economic, and operational challenges it faces. To that end, the United States continues to support the newly established government in Mogadishu, as well as other regional authorities working toward these same goals, a "dual-track" policy we have pursued for the better part of two years now.
In the immediate term, we are also working to dissuade people from taking up piracy. Our public diplomacy messaging to the international community and to Somalis in both Somalia and the diaspora strives to deglamorize and ostracize the pirates. It aims to show how piracy violates cultural norms and destroys traditional Somali values and society. At the same time, we balance the message by communicating the economic development efforts the international community is undertaking to create alternatives to piracy.
I would like to close with a bit of warning. While we have made great gains against piracy, it remains an ever-present threat. A ship or vessel could be pirated tomorrow. More hostages could be taken and brutalized. Somali pirates have shown how little it takes to cause mayhem - just a skiff and some light weapons.
Therefore, should the vigilance of mariners at sea wane, should governments and navies turn their attention and resources elsewhere, pirates are certain to get back in their skiffs. Piracy is a crime of opportunity and will flourish again if we open up the space for them to operate before the new Government of Somali is ready and able to police its shores.
The comprehensive, multilateral approach that we have pursued has helped turn the tide on piracy and has provided an example of how the U.S. government and the international community can respond to transnational threats and challenges in the future. We have made great strides and we need to ensure that those gains are not discarded - only leaving us to fight for them once again. Let us now stay vigilant and let's work to close the book once and for all on Somali piracy.


text:
|Barbara Billingsley
1915 - 2010
Dinner was always on time, the house was kept immaculate, and she greeted Beaver and Wally from school with a smile decked out in high heels, a smart dress, and the omnipresent pearls. While cleaning or cooking, she would always wear a freshly pressed apron. The image might seem a bit unreal, but the underlying warmth of supermom June Cleaver (aka Barbara Billingsley) has made the character the supreme icon of TV mothers, even transcending the show in which she appeared----"Leave it to Beaver."
"Barbara Combes" was born in Los Angeles in 1915. Very unlike the Cleaver household, the Combes family was splintered by divorce when Barbara was 4. By the time she was in 2nd grade, the young girl was dreaming of becoming an actress. Barbara participated in school plays from grammar school through college (Los Angeles City College).
In 1937, she landed a part in a comedic play "Straw Hat." By the end of the year, she was traveling to New York to open on Broadway. The play unfortunately closed after 4 performances. The 22-year-old looker decided to stay in New York. She became a fashion model to support herself. But acting was not far from her mind. She would later be cast in a touring production of "Accidentally Yours" starring Billie Burke.
In 1941, she married Glenn Billingsley, who was the nephew of New York's popular Stork Club owner Sherman Billingsley. The couple had 2 sons and moved to Los Angeles where Glenn took up the family restaurateur trade, opening several eateries. One of his first was the successful Billingsley's Golden Bull in West Los Angeles--now known as Billingsley's Steak House currently run by Barbara and Glenn's two grown sons!
Back in Los Angeles, Barbara (now) Billingsley resurrected her acting career -- but this time it was in the movies. By 1945, she had a contract with MGM. She started with a series of nearly 20 uncredited walk-on parts in the studio's films (including "Adventure" with Clark Gable, "Faithful In My Fashion" with fellow future TV mom Donna Reed, "Undercurrent" with Katherine Hepburn, and "A Kiss for Corliss" with Shirley Temple).
Her first credited role came in 1948 appearing in the film noir cheapie "The Argyle Secrets" starring yet another TV mom Marjorie Lord ("Make Room for Daddy"). A Cisco Kid feature ("Valiant Hombre") followed the same year. As the 50s began, she divided her time between poverty row-produced pictures and credited and uncredited roles still at MGM. She would be occasionally loaned out to other studios, but all roles were minor---including a walk-on as Dr. Kelston's secretary in the cult classic "Invaders From Mars."
However, Barbara was starting to be noticed in the new medium of television. Beginning with a small role in an episode of "Abbott and Costello," she started to rack up credits in early TV anthologies ("Schlitz Playhouse," "Loretta Young Show," "Four Star Playhouse," "City Detective").
In 1955, Barbara was finally cast as a regular in the CBS sitcom, "Professional Father," (as a mother of course) with Steve Dunne playing her husband. Her character was Helen Wilson, wife of a child psychologist who did not bring home his professional skills to his own children---resulting in what the network hoped would lead to uproarious situations. Written by "I Love Lucy" alum Bob Schiller, the show did not catch on and only lasted a half season.
Barbara continued to guest star on TV and became a semi-regular in another CBS sitcom, "The Brothers." She played the girl-friend of series star Gale Gordon. The series faded after one season (1956-57). 1957 also brought Barbara one of her biggest roles on the big screen as the mother of an eloping teen-ager in "The Careless Years," with Dean Stockwell.
Meanwhile Barbara's second husband, director Roy Kellino, died suddenly of a heart attack at age 44. (She had divorced first husband Billingsley back in 1947). Still in mourning, Barbara was thrust back into work taking on a role that would make her famous for the rest of her life. Producers Joe Connelly and Bob Mosher had written the pilot of an innovative new sitcom, "It's a Small World," which would be told through the eyes of a youngster. Jerry Mathers was cast as Beaver and Barbara Billingsley took the role of understanding mom June Cleaver. The other original actors including Harry Shearer as Eddie Haskell would be replaced.
The series was recast with B-movie actor Hugh Beaumont (Ward) and child actors Tony Dow (Wally) and Ken Osmond (Eddie Haskell). The iconic cast had formed and the new show was entitled "Leave it to Beaver." But CBS's "Beaver" debuted to lukewarm reception in October 1957. The show was moved from Friday to Wednesday where ratings did not improve. As CBS was ready to cut "Beaver" loose, ABC stepped up and took the show---bouncing it from Thursdays to Saturdays and back -- until 1963. By then the boys had grown too old, the nature of comedy programs was changing, and the series had run its course.
It never became a ratings bonanza in primetime, but performed adequately through its 6 year run. It was in re-runs that it truly excelled. The show has been in syndication non-stop since it went off the air in first-run. "Leave it to Beaver" has gone on to become the most popular and well-known of the 50s style family sitcoms, even though shows as "Father Knows Best," "Donna Reed," and "Ozzie and Harriet" out-performed Beaver during their primetime runs.
The show defies the odds of popularity. Realistic? Well, even for the 50s that would be a stretch to say. Idyllic and comforting? A resounding yes! And that may just be the answer for its continued popularity. It can of course be enjoyed on many levels. The humor is still there, the acting is casually natural, the characters are clearly defined, and the moral of each episode is still valid.
The writing is so subtly clever that the show holds up extremely well. It obviously harks back to a past era where children had manners (even the ever-sneaky Eddie Haskell) and the adults were always there for the children. The house is airy and bright, the neighborhood is clean and safe. It was a bit unreal even for then, but like comfort food, you go back for more.
June Cleaver of course has become an icon in her own right. The character so lovingly portrayed by Billingsley is often satirized mainly because of her wardrobe. Who else (even in the 50s) would be seen vacuuming in a pearls, dress, and high heels? Barbara cleared the mystery up when she revealed that the pearls were worn to obscure a hollow in her neck. The heels were necessary to keep her taller than her boys. But whatever the reason, her costuming is always referred to when discussing her character.
After the show went off the air, the cast (none of them) could escape type casting. Barbara dropped out for awhile making a few appearances, but the characters in some way harked back to her June Cleaver days. Finally in 1980, she appeared in a slight departure. As we watched the hysterical satire "Airplane," a white-bread older lady stepped into the scene with two African American passengers who could not be understood by the stewardess. With her opening line of "Oh stewardess, I speak Jive," the Jive Lady or should we say a hip June Cleaver (wink! wink!) brought down the house in a movie that would become a classic. It also revived her career.
By 1983, "Leave it to Beaver" was still running so successfully in reruns, a TV-movie was proposed. The original cast (sans Hugh Beaumont who had passed away in 1982) was brought back. Beaver was now a divorced father of two and June would frequently sit at Ward's grave asking "Ward, what would you do?" Despite its downer premise, the movie was a success and a new series was put in the works. The more upbeat program aired on the Disney channel and then WTBS through 1989. 105 episodes were filmed.
Meanwhile, Billingsley would periodically appear as June Cleaver in such shows as "Amazing Stories," "Hi Honey I'm Home," "Baby Boom," and most famously "Roseanne" with fellow sitcom moms June Lockhart, Isabel Sanford, and Pat Crowley. But in any part she would play, June Cleaver's aura was not far away. She could not escape it. And she wore the role well.
Her voice can be heard in the part of Nanny in "Muppet Babies" produced in the late 80s/early 90s. In 1997, she appeared in a cameo in the movie "Leave it to Beaver" as Aunt Martha. By 2000, she had retired, though she would graciously appear with the "Leave it to Beaver" cast during retrospectives.
Barbara Billingsley passed away at age 94 on October 16, 2010. But June Cleaver lives on--- in reruns and in our hearts forever.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
May 27, 2010
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is proposing to amend regulations for the importation of Hass avocados originating in Michoacan, Mexico, into the United States. The proposed amendments add the option to ship avocados to the United States in bulk shipping bins, when safeguarding is maintained from the packinghouse to the port of first arrival in the United States. In addition, the proposed amendments make it clear that avocados may be shipped by land, sea or air. APHIS is also proposing to allow avocados from multiple packinghouses participating in the avocado export program to be combined into one consignment. APHIS is proposing these actions in response to requests from the government of Mexico and inquiries from a U.S. maritime port. These actions will allow additional options for shipping Hass avocados from Mexico to the United States and allow Mexican exporters to ship full container or truck loads from multiple packinghouses, while continuing to provide an appropriate level of protection against the introduction of plant pests into the United States.
This interim rule is published in today's May 27
Federal Register.
Consideration will be given to comments received on or before July 26. You may submit comments by either of the following methods:
Comments are posted on the Regulations.gov Web site and also can be reviewed at USDA, Room 1411, South Building 14th St. and Independence Ave., S.W., Washington, D.C., between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. To facilitate entry into the comment reading room, please call (202) 690-2817.
Note to Reporters: Public notices and other APHIS information are available on the Internet and through Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds. Go to the APHIS news release page at www.aphis.usda.gov and click on the "Newsroom" button to view and/or sign up to receive releases via the RSS feed link. For additional information about this topic contact
Alyn Kiel at (301) 734-5222 or by e-mail at email@example.com.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write:
USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice), or (202) 720.6382 (TDD).


text:
Alice's Stick Cookies, 8-oz. packageuser rating
Alice's Stick Cookies are buttery toffee delights that melt in your mouth. These award-winning cookies are available in specialty gourmet stores all over the United States, but can also be ordered and shipped directly to you. Available in the following flavors: vanilla, lemon, orange-chocolate, and cinnamon-ginger.
About the Producer
Alice's Stick Cookies
Los Altos, CA
Website: http://www.alicesstickcookies.com


text:
Andaya Wedge Sandal
$42.50 Original Price $85.00
Savings: $42.50 (50%)
This cork wedge sandal with laser-cut detail is a warm weather must have. Pair with skirts, jeans and dresses for fashionable looks!
- 2.5-in. heel; 1-in. platform
- Slingback strap with adjustable buckle closure
- Leather
- Imported
Shipping & Returns
Shipping your purchase is easy on belk.com. Depending on the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days. Shipping Information
Returns are easy on belk.com. Easy returns


text:
Returning for her fifth show at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in New York, Jackie Fraser-Swan presented her Spring 2014 collection at the Lincoln Center. This season, she imagined that, "A group of punk rock kids crashed a private garden on the Upper East Side where the Ramones were playing a secret show."
Staying true to her signature look, and the look we have all come to love from Emerson, Fraser-Swan mixed punk elements with contrasts of femininity, creating an ultimate clash of two worlds. She says, "I often feel like I am caught in the middle of these two worlds…I work in the fashion industry, I adore Chanel and I am a suburban Mom of four- but I also love getting tattoos and going to punk shows whenever I can! I have been in love with punk/hardcore music since I was 15 years old, and that music has had a major impact on who I am and what I stand for."
The "Emerson by JFS" girl is not afraid to be herself or stand out in a crowd, she is intelligent and can think for herself. She is a leader, not a follower. As Fraser-Swan's distant relative Ralph Waldo Emerson believed: Non-Conformity, Positivity, and Self-Reliance.
The Spring 2014 collection features three custom designed prints: Garden Gate, Allium Flower Field and Painted Hounds Tooth. The Garden Gate is the main focal point of the collection inspiration and comes in both lightweight silk/cotton and a bottom weight silk crepe; styles include pleated dresses, a shift dress with exposed side zippers and two-way center back zipper, straight leg pant w/contrast side panels, a bomber jacket, and a gorgeous full length pleated gown w/a fuchsia satin face organza combo.
A stunning purple laser-cut leather Ivy Leaves group is shown in several silhouettes, including a moto jacket, t-shirt, three-tier skirt, asymmetrical two-layer skirt, and dresses. Additional fabrics in the collection include cotton, silk, silk crepe, silk organza; satin face organza, silk chiffon, and cotton/cashmere and knit jersey. The color palette consists of black, white, purple, fuchsia, sky blue, greens, and yellows. New featured styles include the "Emerson Punks" hoodie, pant, bomber jacket and skirt. These pieces are unique and special because the fabric is a cotton/cashmere blend "sweat shirt" material in purple and black- custom embellished with the "Emerson by JFS" "E" logo, and Ralph Waldo Emerson Quote "Punk Patches."
Fraser-Swan's favorite flower inspired the Allium Flower Field, a whimsical and fun print in a lightweight silk/cotton, often combined with sheer black organza in a "panelled" effect. Silhouettes include a shift dress w/collar, "Panelled" tops, dresses and skirts, as well as a t-shirt and a button-down shirt with contrast yoke/collar/placket. The Painted Houndstooth group features a silk crepe fabric with white as the background, layered with black and purple, designed in fun silhouettes including a raglan tee, tank top, button-down sleeveless shirt w/bottom hem tie, a halter dress, a one-shoulder effect draped dress w/sheer black organza combo, a draped skirt, a maxi dress w/drawstring waist and a tiered gown with sheer black organza panels, which was the stunning closing look at the show.
Showstoppers include the Sasha Dress, featuring a foundation of black organza with Ivy covering only a small amount of the dress, and the Katy full length gown w/custom cut Ivy covering the bust, purple silk chiffon making up the fullness of the skirt and Ivy leaves hand sewn onto the skirt. Additional prints include a black & white Painted Stripe (hinting at Fraser-Swan's love of Tim Burton), Stone Tweed in black & gray or purple & gray, a Black/White Swirl Stripe, featuring marbled/water like effect, and a Black/White Checker Print.
The show featured music by The Misshapes, styling by Masha Orlov, scenery by Andrea Huelse, hair by Jorge Luis for PRIVE, make-up by Tia Hebron for Bobbi Brown Cosmetics, nails by Miss Pop Nails, Bing-Bang Jewelry, casting by Alina Zakaite, production, direction & PR by People's Revolution and shoes by Angela Scott. VIPs in the front row included Kate Nash, Emma Kenney (Actress, Shameless), Leigh Lezark and Rozzi Crane (new protege of Adam Levine), all wearing Emerson looks in the front row, as well as Philip Bloch, Talana Nicole, Eric West and more.
Pingback: Emerson Spring 2014 | Techpep.Net


text:
Space saved, junk repurposed, plus, it makes calculus and physics homework look all scifi snazzy!
Step 1: Scavenge Scanner Bed
Step 2: Cut and Drill Plastic
I drilled through one of these gaps on either side of the plastic. The resultant holes would later be used to hang the whole board on the wall with nails. I also hacked open a switch sized whole in the center of the board. Knowing that one side of the terrible cut would be against the wall and the other side hidden behind metal gave me some peace of mind since, as you can see from the pictures, I'm not exactly precise with my rotary tool and my cut lives up to the term "hacking".
This was one of my first ever projects. I taught myself soldering only one project prior to this, and though my first few wire to wire solder connections were anything but pretty, the fact that I hot glued all of the connections to the back keeps the crappy solders from pulling themselves apart and keeps their ugliness hidden. One suggestion I would make, however, is a set of helping hands or the like. I tried soldering without a set on my first project and it was miserable. This one was so much easier because of them.
As far as actually wiring up the circuit, it's a super simple series circuit, there are an number of tutorials and the like available online and I'm sure books at your local library. If you're interested in learning electronics, trying out something like this is definitely a great way to start!


text:
Find the perfect hotel in Novogireyevo using our hotel guide provided below. Find cheap and/or discounted hotel rates in or near Novogireyevo, Russian Federation for your corporate or personal leisure travel. We provide the best Novogireyevo hotel rooms. Review the Novogireyevo hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Novogireyevo hotels.The Novogireyevo center point is approximately 1 mile from Kuskovo Estate and 3 miles from Izmailovsky Park and Market.
Novogireyevo Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next 20 Novogireyevo Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Novogireyevo Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Verizon Removes 10 Phones from $350 ETF List
Article Comments
Top message: Bye Bye Verizon! by Foneteck
Replying to: Re: Bye Bye Verizon! by Menno
Re: Bye Bye Verizon!
I am speaking from experience. Verizon has a very very strong network in major metropolitan areas and in the rural and coastal areas. I did some traveling in recent years and never had any problems. And I've seen people struggling with their precious iphones because they could not get a suitable signal.
No replies to this message


text:
Luxury Finnish textiles: throws, blankets, table runners, towels, pillows and more
Christmas themed tea towels designed & made in the land of Santa Claus brighten up your Christmas cooking.
These water-thirsty, absorbing linen, linen-cotton and cotton tea towels are just as good for drying dishes as they are for drying your hands. Choose from typical Christmas themes such as angels, hearts, mistletoe, stars, christmas cookies, snowflakes, reindeer and more.
Prices incl. VAT, excl. delivery


text:
Bacon chop with laver bread and cocklesMobile version Email a friend Print
By: From: Market Kitchen
On TV Tonight
- 20:00 - The View from River Cottage - The View From River Cottage
- 20:30 - The View from River Cottage - The View From River Cottage
- 21:00 - River Cottage Road Trip - River Cottage Road Trip
- Prep time:
- 10 min
- Cook time:
- 25 min
- Serves:
- 4
The fresh, briney flavour of the cockles are perfect with bacon. Mop up the juices with savoury laver bread to complete this traditional Welsh dish by Mark Hix
Method1. Place the cockles in a bowl of cold water, agitating them every so often with your hand to loosen any sand, then rinse under clean running water for 5 minutes.
2. Preheat a lightly oiled grill or griddle pan and cook the bacon chops for 4-5 minutes on each side, until browned and cooked through.
3. Meanwhile, put the laver bread into a pan with a knob of butter and gently toast.
4. Put the cockles into a large saucepan with a little water and the salt, cover and cook on a high heat, shaking the pan every so often, until the cockles open. Discard any that do not open, then drain.
5. Spoon the laver bread on to 4 serving plates, place a bacon chop on each and scatter over the cockles.


text:
Red-tailed hawk attends memorial service
On Friday, May 2, Frank Vizena was buried at the new Veterans National Cemetery near Dixon, CA, exit 60 off Interstate 80.
The beautiful and inspiring ceremony was held under the committal shelter, but several people stood out from under it. As taps was being played, some saw a large bird (a red-tailed hawk, perhaps) fly over us. Then at the very end of the ceremony, the bird (same one?) flew up and over the shelter, cried out, and circled a few times before flying off.
Read the rest of this entry »
Posted on Monday, May 12th, 2008
Under: Mother Nature, Nature, Raptors, Red-tailed hawk | No Comments »


text:
GroupLens, The Most Awesome CS Lab
Readers of this blog have probably seen me write a lot about Cyclopath and my research. The Cyclopath project is really cool and one which I am proud to be a part of. But the fact is that Cyclopath is just one of the many cool projects that go on in my research lab, GroupLens. We have a great team and excellent advisors. The group does a lot of research on online communities, such as Wikipedia, and recommender systems, such as MovieLens. If you ever want to know more about out research, check out grouplens.org.


text:
We found 6 sites within 420 miles of Fetlar with 3 bookable
Dunbar, Lothian, Scotland Show on map
|Electric grass pitch
|6 x
|From £13.45/€18.70/AU$25.79/$20.07/19.31Fr per night
|Super electric hardstanding touring pitch
|6 x
|From £17.25/€23.98/AU$33.07/$25.74/24.77Fr per night
Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland Show on map
|Electric grass tent pitch
|8 x
|From £20/€27.80/AU$38.34/$29.84/28.72Fr per night
|Electric hardstanding touring pitch
|8 x
|From £20/€27.80/AU$38.34/$29.84/28.72Fr per night
Kirkcudbright, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland Show on map
|Non-electric grass tent pitch
|8 x
|From £15/€20.85/AU$28.76/$22.38/21.54Fr per night
|Electric mixed touring pitch
|8 x
|From £19.50/€27.11/AU$37.38/$29.10/28Fr per night
|Electric mixed touring pitch (with TV hook-up)
|8 x
|From £20.50/€28.50/AU$39.30/$30.59/29.43Fr per night
Monifieth, Angus, Scotland Show on map
Seahouses, Northumberland, England Show on map
Viewfield Manor Holiday Village
Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland Show on map
Let us help you find more search results…
Try increasing your search radius to within 430, 440, 450, 460 miles of Fetlar.
Try widening your geographic area to: Shetlands, or Scotland.
Remove all
or some of the feature filters:
Remove Fitness centre
Or start again by picking one of these wonderful destinations:
England, France, Spain, Wales, Scotland, Italy, Germany, Republic of Ireland, Portugal, Croatia, Switzerland, Northern Ireland, San Marino, Hungary, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovenia
Want to see more? We're only showing the sites that are bookable on Pitchup.com.
Show campsites and holiday parks that aren't bookable through Pitchup.com...


text:
The Urology service offers state-of-the-art evaluation and management of urologic conditions. We can offer the latest surgical techniques and procedures to treat these conditions. Our highly trained and experienced Board Certified Surgeons use multidisciplinary and innovative approaches and as possible offer surgery in minimally invasive and robotic techniques. All this contributes to excellent patient outcomes.
Treating a Wide Range of Urology conditions:
Erectile dysfunction
Genitourinary reconstruction
Infectious disease of the genitourinary tract
Interstitial cystitis
Kidney stones
Kidney, bladder and prostate tumors (benign and malignant)
Pelvic floor disorders, including urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse
Prostate diseases including cancer
Urologic oncology
Voiding dysfunction/incontinence
Our Procedures and Surgery include:
Bladder removal/repair with reconstruction
Cystocele repair
Erectile dysfunction surgery including implants
Kidney removal (nephrectomy); Laparoscopic, Minimally Invasive
Kidney stones; Lithotripsy, percutaneous, ultrasound and laser destruction, laparoscopic removal
Male infertility surgery
Pelvic lymph node dissection
Prostate cancer Brachytherapy/radioactive seed implants
Pubovaginal bladder suspension
Robotic prostatectomy: Retroperitoneal, Laparoscopic, Minimally Invasive and Robotic
Urinary incontinence surgery
Learn more about the Urology specialists on the ECHN medical staff.
Related links:
Cancer Services
Looking for a new primary care physician? Need a specialist? Search by specialty or location below, or go to the Find a Doctor page to also search by name and gender.
To increase or decrease the font size, hold down the CTRL key on your keyboard and
press the + or - key on your keyboard repeatedly until your desired view is reached.
To increase or decrease the font size, hold down your Control key on your keyboard and
press the + or - key on your keyboard repeatedly until your desired view is reached.


text:
NOTICE OF A PUBLIC MEETING AND AGENDA OF THE APACHE COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, AND THE APACHE COUNTY LIBRARY DISTRICT June 3, 2014 Board of Supervisors' Hearing Room, First Floor75 West Cleveland StreetSt. Johns, Arizona 8:30 a.m. MST
Invocation by Invitation. Pledge of Allegiance.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING AND AGENDA OF THE APACHE COUNTY LIBRARY DISTRICT HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEBOARD OF SUPERVISORS MEETINGJune 3, 2014
1. Discussion and possible approval of the updated lease agreement between the Greer Community Facilities Association and the Apache County Library District for the Greer Memorial Library for FY 2014-2015 at the rate of $784.21 per month.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING AND AGENDA OF THE APACHE COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS MEETINGJune 3, 2014
1. Sheriff's Office: Notification and update on the implementation of Stage II fire restrictions that went into effect 8:00 am. Friday, May 23, 2014, due to extreme fire danger.
2. Discussion and possible approval of CONSENT ITEMS: All items indicated by an asterisk (*) will be handled by a single vote as part of the consent agenda, unless a Board Member or the County Manager objects at the time the agenda item is called. County Manager/Clerk of the Board:
*A. Request approval of minutes dated May 19, 2014.
*B. Request approval of demands dated May 19, 2014 to June3, 2014. Demands are payments made by the County. Specific details of the demands may be requested through the County public record request process.
*C. Request approval of an Application for Premises/Patio Extension Liquor License Permit for John May, Ye Olde Tavern, 42640 Highway 180 in Alpine, Arizona for the 16th Annual Worm Races on July 5, 2014. *D. Request approval of a Fireworks Permit for Alpine Fire District to hold a fireworks display on July 5, 2014, contingent on the condition of no fire restrictions.
Probation Department:
*E. Request appointment of Ryan Patterson, Director of Finance as the Chief Fiscal Officer for both the Adult and Juvenile Divisions in accordance with A.R.S. 12-268A and the Arizona Code of Judicial Administration, Part 6 Sections 6-206 & 6-301.
3. Juvenile Probation Division: Request Apache County provide $3,121.00 in matching funds for an ongoing Family Counseling Grant. The State of Arizona will disburse $12,482.00 for a total of 15,603.00.
4. Human Resources: Request review and approval of the Intergovernmental Agreement between Apache County and Navajo County for the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) program.
5. Hunter Moore, Executive Director of Real Arizona: Update on activities of Real Arizona.
6. County Attorney's Office; Following a possible executive session for legal advice pursuant to A.R.S. 38-431.03(A)(4), discussion and possible approval of a settlement agreement with Transwestern Pipeline in litigation related to valuation of property performed by Arizona Department of Revenue. The settlement would result in a tax refund paid by numerous counties within Arizona, including a total refund by Apache County, with interest, of up to $643,224.
7. Call to the Public: Individuals may address the Board on any relevant issue for an amount of time determined by the Chairman. At the close of the call to the public, Board members may not respond to any comments but may respond to criticism, ask staff to review a matter, or ask that a matter be placed on a future agenda. NO ACTION
Pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Apache County Board of Supervisors endeavors to ensure the accessibility of its meetings to all persons with disabilities. If you need an accommodation for a meeting, please contact the Clerk of the Board's office at (928)337-7503, TDD (928)-337-4402 at least 48 hours prior to the meeting (not including weekends or holidays) so that an accommodation can be arranged. One or more members of the Board of Supervisors may participate telephonically or through video communication.
Posted: _________at _____a.m. p.m. by ____.
___________________________Delwin Wengert, Clerk of the Board


text:
SEABROOK ISLAND - Bluffton's Brian Langley and Bradley Kauffman of Greer will meet Sunday for the 42nd annual South Carolina Amateur Match Play Championship at Seabrook Island Club's Ocean Course.
Langley, the medalist who just finished at USC Beaufort, ousted Mount Pleasant's Andrew Novak, 1-up, in Saturday's quarterfinals and then beat J.D. Hoft, 2 and 1, in the semifinals of the Carolinas Golf Association tournament.
Kaufmann, a rising sophomore at Winthrop, beat Bryce Howell of Blythewood, 2 and 1, in the quarterfinals and advanced with a 5 and 4 semifinal victory over Alex Finke of Rock Hill.
Sunday's championship is an 18-hole match scheduled to start at 8 a.m.
"I haven't made it easy on myself, that's for sure. I've played some great players. It's exhausting but I'm having a great time," said Langley, who birdied 18 from 20 feet to clinch his win over Novak and made a 10-foot birdie putt on 17 to close out Hoft.
Langley beat Finke in a one-hole playoff to earn medalist honors and all four of his matches thus far have gone at least 17 holes.
"I'm putting the ball in play. That's the main objective on this course to get the ball in play off the tee. My iron play is solid and I've made the putts I've needed."
Novak was 2-up after winning the first and fourth holes with pars, but Langley squared the match with a par on No. 11 and birdie on No. 12. Novak won the par-5 16th with a birdie to go 1-up, but Langley won 17 with a par and clinched his berth in the semifinals with the birdie on 18.
Kauffman, who was the No. 11 seed after qualifying, has had an easier time. None of his matches have gone to the 18th hole.
"I just played steady golf. A lot of fairways, a lot of greens and two-putts," said Kauffman, who is a rising sophomore at Winthrop.
"Out here par is going to win a lot of holes. That's my goal (Sunday), fairways, greens and two-putts. Pars are pretty valuable. I'm just going to try and go out and have fun."
Brian Langley (Bluffton) def. Andrew Novak (Mount Pleasant) 1 up
J.D. Hoft (Bluffton) def. Alex Evans (Rock Hill) 6 and 5
Alex Finke (Rock Hill) def. Tyler Lucas (Rock Hill) 3 and 1
Bradley Kauffman (Greer) def. Bryce Howell (Blythewood) 2 and 1
Brian Langley (Bluffton) def. J.D. Hoft (Bluffton) 2 and 1
Bradley Kauffman (Greer) def. Alex Finke (Rock Hill) 5 and 4
- Keywords
Notice about comments:
The Post and Courier is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


text:
Log in
Your login is case sensitive
I have forgotten my password
Subject: Is densest Kuiper belt object a wayward asteroid?
01:00 03 July 2015
Many common spider species orient their arms and bodies into sails and their silk into anchors, allowing them to catch a breeze and sail on water
00:01 03 July 2015
A technique that compensates for the faulty gene in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis improves lung power – and may lead to similar approaches for other lung conditions
21:00 02 July 2015
An exhibition asks hard questions of the relationship between humans and machines
19:00 02 July 2015
The discovery of a gene responsible for fragrance could help restore the sweet smell accidentally bred out of roses cultivated for the cut-flower market
see all latest news
For exclusive news and expert analysis, subscribe to New Scientist.
Back to top


text:
River Forest, Illinois
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009)
|River Forest, Illinois
|United States
|41°53′35″N 87°49′3″W / 41.89306°N 87.81750°WCoordinates: 41°53′35″N 87°49′3″W / 41.89306°N 87.81750°W
|2.48 sq mi (6 km2)
|- land
|2.48 sq mi (6 km2)
|- water
|0.00 sq mi (0 km2)
|11,172 (2010)
|4,504.8 / sq mi (1,739 / km2)
|- summer (DST)
|Area code
|Wikimedia Commons: River Forest, Illinois
|Website: www
River Forest is an affluent suburban village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Two universities make their home in River Forest, Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago. The village is closely tied to the larger neighboring community of Oak Park. There are significant architectural designs located in River Forest such as the Winslow House by Frank Lloyd Wright. The population of the village was 11,172 at the 2010 census.[1]
River Forest has a railroad station with service to Chicago on Metra's Union Pacific/West Line.
River Forest is located at 41°53′35″N 87°49′2″W / 41.89306°N 87.81722°W (41.893031, -87.817182).[2]
According to the 2010 census, the village has a total area of 2.48 square miles (6.4 km2), all land.[3]
Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago are both located in River Forest.
There are two public elementary schools, Lincoln Elementary School and Willard Elementary School. There is one public middle school, Roosevelt Middle School. River Forest shares a high school with Oak Park, known as Oak Park and River Forest High School, located in Oak Park.[4]
River Forest is home to two Catholic grade schools and one Lutheran grade school. In the Catholic schools, St. Luke parish school & St. Vincent Ferrer, 63% of the enrollments are River Forest residents. Grace Lutheran School enrolls children from 3 years old through eighth grade [1]. River Forest has one all-girls' secondary school, Trinity High School.
River Forest also has another private school, Keystone Montessori School, established in 1994. It serves children 9 months of age to 8th grade as an alternative learning style for children.[5] It educates children using the philosophy of Dr. Maria Montessori.
The River Forest Public Library is located at 735 Lathrop Avenue.
Government and infrastructure[edit]
The United States Postal Service operates the River Forest Post Office at 401 William Street.[6]
As of the census[7] of 2010, there were 11,172 people, 3,961 households, and 2,776 families residing in the village. There were 4,176 housing units.. The racial makeup of the village was 84.8% White (down from 86.35% in 2000), 6.7% African American (down from 7.8%), 0.1% Native American, 4.5% Asian (up from 3.13%), 1.8% from other races (up from .98%), and 2% from two or more races (up from 1.59%) Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6% of the population (up from 4.01%).[8]
The average household size was 2.61; the average family size was 3.19 (families constituted 70.1% of households). 51.5% of family households had related children under age 18 living with them. People living alone constituted 26.3% of households. The median age was 41.3, with 14.2% of residents being over age 65.[9]
The median income for a household in the village was $122,854, and the median income for a family was $171,100. Males working full-time had a median income of $124,695 versus $64,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $66,028. About 3.4% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.[10]
Notable residents[edit]
River Forest has been home to many notorious Italian organized crime families since the early-20th century, including Tony Accardo (boss from about 1945 to 1992) and Joseph Andriacchi.[11] Although not as many famous persons have resided there as have in its neighboring suburb Oak Park, former Mystery Science Theater 3000 actor Kevin Murphy grew up in River Forest. Famed radio commentator Paul Harvey resided in River Forest until his death in 2009,[12] as did Nello Ferrara, founder of Ferrara Pan Candy Company (Lemonheads, Red Hots, Original Boston Baked Beans).[13] Anne Smedinghoff, the first State Department Foreign Service Officer to be killed in Afghanistan, also grew up there.[14] Director of the first and second Harry Potter movies Chris Columbus kept a home in River Forest due to his wife's family ties, and former Chicago Cubs pitcher Carlos Zambrano once lived in River Forest.[15] Kathryn McGee, a resident of River Forest since 1956, has been recognized for founding two of the first organizations for the benefit of those with Down syndrome. Cook County state's attorney Anita Alvarez lives in River Forest.[16] Several great inventors resided in River Forest, including Edwin Perkins, who invented Kool-Aid, James Dewar, who invented the Twinkie, and Franklin Clarence Mars, who invented the Mars Bar.[17]
See also[edit]
- ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): River Forest village, Illinois". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ "2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files for Places - Illinois". United States Census. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ http://www.oprfhs.org/
- ^ http://www.ksmontessori.org/
- ^ "Post Office Location - RIVER FOREST." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on April 17, 2009.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1
- ^ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP11
- ^ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml
- ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-05-03/business/9805020048_1_mansion-tennis-court-and-pool-palm-springs
- ^ http://www.oprfhistory.org/explore_local_history/hometown_legends/entertainment/harvey/default.aspx
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2012/02/10/146709353/lemonheads-creator-prosecuted-nazis-loved-singing
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2013/04/08/176543510/smedinghoff-died-doing-what-she-loved
- ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-28/business/chi-carlos-zambrano-takes-large-loss-on-river-forest-home-20130327_1_river-forest-west-lakeview-13-room-house
- ^ http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/2-6-2008/It's-River-Forest-versus-Riverside-for-State's-Attorney/
- ^ "Wttw". Chicago's Western Suburbs: From Prairie Soil to Prairie Style. Wttw>com. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
External links[edit]
- Village of River Forest official website
- River Forest Public Library
- River Forest Community Center
- Wednesday Journal, newspaper of Oak Park and River Forest
- Oak Park - River Forest Chamber of Commerce
|River Grove
|Elmwood Park
|Austin, Chicago
|Melrose Park
|Oak Park
|Forest Park
|Oak Park


text:
|« Back to Article
Texas cities' economies look strong in 2014
Carrie Taylor, Houston Chronicle | December 30, 2013
Photo By Sungjin Kim/Getty Images1. AustinJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 11.8%Median household income change: -5.4%Unemployment rate, 2013: 5.4%
Photo By Sonja Stark2. San AntonioJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 6.2%Median household income change:0.4%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.2%
Photo By Jumper/Getty Images3. Salt Lake City, UtahJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. 13: 3.7%Median household income change: -5.3%Unemployment rate, 2013: 4.4%
Photo By Johnny Hanson/Staff4. HoustonJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. 13: 9.2%Median household income change: 4.7%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.3%
5. Nashville, Tenn.Job growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. 13: 6.5%Median household income change: -8.4%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.7%
Photo By Ben Blankenburg/Getty Images/iStockphoto6. DallasJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. 13: 6.4%Median household income change: -6.0%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.2%
Photo By Doug Pensinger/Getty Images7. DenverJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 3.4%Median household income change: -5.7%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.6%
Photo By BILL WAUGH8. Oklahoma CityJob growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 5.3%Median household income change: -3.1%Unemployment rate, 2013: 5.1%
Photo By Credit Flickr Creative Commons9. Raleigh, N.C.Job growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 2.9%Median household income change: -6.3%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.8%
Photo By Craig Cozart/Getty Images10. San Jose, Calif.Job growth, Aug. 2007 to Oct. '13: 2.6%Median household income change: -2.2%Unemployment rate, 2013: 6.7%
As the country's economy continues to gather momentum, three Texas cities - including Houston - stand out as strong economies for Americans in 2014.
Forbes, along with the Praxis Strategy Group, looked at the United States' top 52 metropolitan areas to see how each ranked in its economic strength for the New Year. Factors included job growth, median household income growth and the current unemployment rate.
Houston found its place at No. 4, with Austin grabbing the No. 1 spot and San Antonio at No. 2. Austin has the lowest unemployment rate of the three (5.4 percent), and rose just above Houston's job growth and GDP growth. All cities show promise for families and workers in 2014.
See where the other major U.S. metros landed in terms of their "economic vitality."


text:
Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 27:35 — 25.3MB)
Advocates for shelter in Bloomington know Glenn, he has been involved in social justice issues in Bloomington for some time, and began working on a solution for the homeless population during Bloomington's Occupy movement in People's Park. Addicts in Bloomington know Glenn as well. After 8 months in the Amethyst house, a drug and alcohol recovery treatment center, Glenn became a source of encouragement in the recovery community, and a strong supporter of detox facilities in Bloomington.
Artists also know Glenn. Glenn's nature-inspired metal sculptures could be found in the of Hoosier Artist Gallery in Nashville and many other local galleries.
On December 9th, Glenn passed away in his home. Tonight, we bring you Glenn's story, which he was always eager to share in hopes of helping others.
You can read Glenn's Obituary here: http://www.heraldtimesonline.com/obituaries/obituaries-dec/article_37fd30d7-96c0-5838-97d9-52a36be7319d.html
and find details for the January 17th, 2015 Celebration of Life https://www.facebook.com/events/602545593225129/?ref_dashboard_filter=upcoming


text:
In January the economy added 113,000 new jobs. That's better than December's dismal 75,000 but nowhere near the 200,000 jobs that the economy was adding from August through November last year, nor the number needed to feed robust economic growth. The unemployment rate went down to 6.6 percent from 6.7 percent.
But the labor participation rate ticked up two notches to 63, from 62.8 last month. It's still below the 63.6 where it was last January.
Teenage unemployment went up (to 20.7 percent from 20.2 percent) as did black unemployment (from 11.9 to 12.1). Those unemployed for more than 27 weeks decreased by 232,000 to 3.646 million, while those working part time who would rather be working full time dropped from 7.771 million to 7.257 million.
In short, it's another typical Obama-era jobs report: not disastrous, but a long way from what a jobs report would look like in a healthy, growing economy.


text:
API mismatch: 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 x86_64
3 Attachment(s)
In /etc/X11/xorg.conf, in Device section if I change Driver "nv" to Driver "nvidia", the X server fails with message: API mismatch: the NVIDIA kernel module is version 1.0.7667, but this X module is version 1.0.7676.
# yum list |grep -i nvidia
nvidia-graphics7667.x86_64 1:1.0_7667-68.rhfc4.at installed
nvidia-graphics7667-devel.x86_64 1:1.0_7667-68.rhfc4.at installed
nvidia-graphics7667-kmdl-2.6.12-1.1398_F 1:1.0_7667-68.rhfc4.at installed
nvidia-graphics7667-kmdl-2.6.12-1.1398_F 1:1.0_7667-68.rhfc4.at installed
nvidia-graphics7667-libs.x86_64 1:1.0_7667-68.rhfc4.at installed
See attachments - after renaming with .txt extension...this should be amended to the "If you have a problem, PLEASE read this first" thread.
Re: API mismatch: 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 x86_64
You are mixing parts of different nvidia driver versions. The installed rpms are for 1.0-7667 while somehow the X parts really are for 1.0-7676. I'm not a fedora user so I don't know if those packages are correct. And I'm also not sure if you perhaps tried both the nvidia installer and the rpms. I would remove the nvidia drivers and then install 1.0-7676. (I wouldn't reinstall 1.0-7667 as removing those rpms only removes the 7667 files and not the 7676 files, there are files like lib(name).1.0.7676)
Re: API mismatch: 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 x86_64
Thanks Thunderbird! With your help I finally have 2 graphics cards working with NVIDIA drivers on FC4 AMD64.
1. cleanup old: # yum remove nvidia-graphics*
2. install latest: from init 3, # sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-1.0-7676-pkg2.run
3. BUT: # modprobe nvidia still failed until I found:
/etc/modprobe.conf should have an entry "alias char-major-195* nvidia".
If the entry is "alias char-major-195* nvidia-1_0-7667", drop the -1_0-7667.
If there is a entry "alias nvidia nvidia-1_0-7667", remove it.
*If you want some speed boosts from you GPU this is a little trick that helpes.
Open the /etc/modprobe.conf file, under the line "alias char-major-195*" add this line.
"options nvidia NVreg_EnableAGPSBA=1 NVreg_EnableAGPFW=1 NVreg_ReqAGPRate=8"
This turns on SideBand Addressing, FastWrites, and AGPRate x8.
4. initial display setup: # system-config-display
5. # vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf and change both
Driver "nv" with Driver "nvidia"
6. With 2 graphics cards(one for monitor, the other for projector), this failed until I added "BOTH" BusID (AGP card=PCI:1:0:0, PCI card=PCI:2:7:0 for me) to the Device sections:
Section "Device"
Identifier "Videocard0"
Driver "nvidia"
VendorName "Videocard Vendor"
BoardName "NVIDIA GeForce 4 MX (generic)"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
Section "Device"
Identifier "Videocard1"
Driver "nvidia"
VendorName "Videocard vendor"
BoardName "NVIDIA GeForce 2 MX (generic)"
BusID "PCI:2:7:0"
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 06:21 PM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.7.1
Copyright ©2000 - 2015, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Copyright ©1998 - 2014, nV News.


text:
This manual contains basic safety and health rules that affect all employers and should cover almost all commercial diving operations. This manual also covers search and rescue and other public safety diving operations.
Used by a sports team or league and professional athlete (player) to declare that the player's work is principally localized in another state in accordance to the provisions of RCW 51.12.120 and WAC 296-17-32503.
Used by a sports team or league covering their Washington players through an out-of-state workers' compensation insurance carrier to confirm compliance with RCW 51.12.120 and WAC 296-17-32503.
End of main content, page footer follows.
© Washington State Dept. of Labor & Industries. Use of this site is subject to the laws of the state of Washington.


text:
My name is Selena, I am 22years old originally from New Jersey, now living in Arizona. I am a shy girl that loves to go out at times, but also loves to just be with the family. I am down to earth, I love to eat, need to learn how to cook though so I can stop going out so much lol. I love going to the movies, mall, bowling, play ps3, and have fun. I love music, mostly r&b and hiphop. Love to dance when I go to the club, music keeps me sane. Right now Im going to a community college to get done my basics, and then transfer to an university to study child development, psychology, and sociology. I really wish I could get over this shyness that I have so I can get myself out there, and not feel nervous around people, because I feel it is ruining my life. I on here just to see whos out there, maybe meet some new people to talk to or develop a friendship with. If any of u have any questions get at me.
I Am Shy Around People My name is Selena, and I have been shy for as long as I remember. I've had a hard time meeting new friends, feeling comfortable around others, and basically too nervous to be in a social get together… [more]
My Lonely World I wakeup and wonder to myself if this is what my life supposed to be like. I work, go to school, go home, go to sleep and repreat this pattern everyday besides my two days off which consist of watchin… [more]
I Don't Like to Make Eye ContactI Hate Making Eye Contact I have the same problem. I can only look at someone for about two to threwe seconds and then I look away. Im also shy so that might play a factor and half the time I dont know what to say.… [more]
No Friends Okay so im a pretty shy person but I can be outgoing like when I go out to a club or something because I love music and dancing. I used to have friends in higgschool but once I got out they all disapp… [more]


text:
Video Portfolio
Share, see, and do more with networked video solutions and architecture.
Give Input on Cisco.com
Help Improve Cisco.com
Fill out this 5-minute screening survey to be eligible to participate in usability studies for Cisco.com. Some studies pay up to $75.
Take Survey
Chocolate Maker Sees Sweet Spot for Improved Collaboration
Cisco technologies help Ferrero improve teamwork and productivity while cutting costs.


text:
Confidential services, including non-medical counseling and specialty consultations, are available through Military OneSource. Eligible individuals may receive confidential services at no cost. Check eligibility. International Calling Options.
Log in to your Military OneSource account to access online counseling services.
Click here to access confidential non-medical counseling and resources to balance and improve work performance and overall health.
In July, Military OneSource can help you be ready for change.
If you would like to become a blogger for Blog Brigade, click the link below to find out how!.
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) is a multi-part test given by the U.S. Department of Defense. Your ASVAB score is used to determine whether you are eligible to join the U.S. military and a high score can increase your chances of getting into your desired specialty. But even if you haven't decided on a military career, taking the ASVAB is a good way to measure your potential - how well you might do in certain careers. Most people take the ASVAB for one of two reasons: to qualify for enlistment or to explore career options before the end of high school. Your purpose for taking the test, and where you are tested, will determine which version of the ASVAB you will be given and how the results will be interpreted. The ASVAB is not a pass-or-fail test. Instead, several composite scores are computed from your test results through the application of mathematical formulas.
The ASVAB measures your verbal ability, math ability, science ability, and technical skills. There are 200 questions on the exam, which are divided into the following eight individual subtests:
If you wish to enlist and you're 18 years old (or 17 with parental permission), you should contact your local military recruiter about taking the ASVAB. The recruiter will arrange computer-based ASVAB testing at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) or testing at a Mobile Examining Team (MET) site. The test generally takes less than two hours to complete. Your scores on four critical areas - Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, and Mathematics Knowledge - are used to compute a percentile score, called the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) Score. The AFQT Score determines whether you're qualified to enlist in the U.S. military. The minimum score is different for each branch. Your recruiter can tell you what the minimum requirement is for your branch.
Many high school students have an opportunity to take the test as part of the ASVAB Career Exploration Program (CEP). If the CEP is not offered at your school, you may contact Headquarters, U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command at 1-847-688-3680 or email firstname.lastname@example.com to be referred to an appropriate Education Services Specialist. The ASVAB and other CEP tools allow students to learn more about themselves and the world of work so they can make informed career decisions. Juniors and seniors may also take the ASVAB to determine eligibility for enlistment. If you take the test as a sophomore, you may retest as a junior or senior and use that score for enlistment for up to two years after taking the test. Talk to your guidance counselor or career counselor for details about testing at your school. If you are testing through the CEP, three composite scores - verbal, math, and science/technical - are provided to help you explore career options. The ASVAB given to high school students is a pencil-and-paper version with timed subtests. It takes about three and one-half hours to complete, including administration time. There is no cost for taking the ASVAB.
Getting a qualifying AFQT score should be no problem if you received good grades in high school. But if you need to brush up on math and verbal skills, or if testing situations make you anxious, you may want to spend some time studying. Here are some ways to prepare for the ASVAB:
ASVAB scores are valid for enlistment up to two years after the test. Ideally, you will test well the first time around. But if your score is disappointing, you may want to try again. For enlistment purposes, you are allowed to retest after a one-month waiting period. After the second test, you may retest once more a month later. After the third test, you must wait six months before taking the test again. Keep in mind that your score of record (the one that counts for enlistment consideration) is the most recent test score. If you take the ASVAB twice, for example, you can't pick the high score for enlistment consideration. The ASVAB is key to your enlistment, but it's not the final word on your military career. Depending on your branch, as a service member you may be able to retest at a later time to change occupational specialties.
Stay up to date on all things related to Service and Family Members.
Subscribe to the Service and Family Member RSS feed
Service members, family members, surviving family members, service providers and leaders rely on Military OneSource for policy, procedures, timely articles, cutting-edge social media tools and support. All in one place, empowering our military community.
Release 06.30.15.1.18.104.22.168.7


text:
In the first Spider-Man (2002) Peter Parker started off the proceedings by saying "...like any other story worth telling, is all about a girl..." and they carried on beautifully from there, especially the first two movies. Sure Riami's movies had their missteps, but he knew very well what was at the heart of the tale and combined with Maguire's earnestness he was able to do justice one of the most important characters in comic book history, even when he fell way short of the mark (looking at you Spider-Man 3). So to see someone like Marc Webb, create two successive movies with so little character of their own and a Peter Parker so lacking of nearly all the qualities which define the comic book counterpart is a colossal disappointment.
Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) has grown comfortable in his role as Spider-Man and is a regular hero around New York. He also has a job as a photographer at the Daily Bugle (Jonah Jameson still absent) and he's still living with Aunt May still trying to piece together the puzzle behind his parents disappearance which leads him back to Oscorp. Back in town is a long lost childhood buddy, Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan), who seems to have daddy issues of his own (actually in the movie, nearly everyone does). Gwen Stacy (Emma Stone) and Peter are still seeing each other but things are a bit rocky, in parts thanks to the promise Peter made to stay away from Gwen to her dying father. Then there's Max Dillon (Jamie Foxx), a loner who worships Spider-Man, transformed into the super villain, Electro after falling into a vat full of electric eels. So while Peter and Gwen are trying to figure out if they are dating or not, Harry's looking for Spider-Man's blood so he can find a cure his own horrible ailment. Electro escapes and goes amok in New York, the Green Goblin shows up and Spider-Man 3 suddenly seems not such a bad movie.
Marc Webb still focuses on the one thing that works in parts, Gwen and Peter's relationship and that too more because of Emma Stone's wonderfully charming performance. Garfield doesn't quite know in which direction to take his portrayal, when he tries irritated, he comes off as rude rather than sympathetic, when he does the whole lover-boy bit he comes off as clueless rather than earnest. Not that he's a bad actor but his acting is all over the place. Love is mentioned a million times, only superseded by hope, both utterly redundant in the scheme of things since nothing the movie does can convince us of either being a tearjerker worthy commodity.
The villains on the other hand are poorly assembled, hastily put together without much thought or care. Electro only exists because the roster for The Sinister Six (a super-villain team) didn't have his name on it. His sole purpose in this movie is to be a third-rate crossover between Emperor Palpatine and a Smurf, so that his electrical abilities give work to the CGI companies. He has no character worth hating or admiring or feeling sympathetic about. DeHaan's turn as the Green Goblin is merely a teaser for what's to come in the next movie, so wasted opportunity yet again.
The web-slinging action is one of the bits in which the new bunch of movies has an upper hand over the older ones. The opening scenes as we follow Spider-Man through the high-rises of New York are truly breathtaking and Han Zimmer's loud score though derivative actually works better than James Horner's from the first part. Even the scene at Times Square in the first battle against Electro, has a few nice moments of slow-motion but then again is jarred by juvenile scenes of showmanship played across large screens like a WWE match with a cheering and booing audience.
Dane DeHaan works well with a poorly written character but the same can't be said of Garfield. Jamie Foxx is hammy and so is Paul Giamatti's turn as Russian mobster, Aleksei Sytsevich, who later turns up as the Rhino, is horrendous; give the man some subtitles for god's sake. Felicity Jones has like two lines, Sally Field still underwhelms, BJ Novak is still Ryan from The Office and Jonah Jameson only gets a mention and a line on an e-mail.
In trying to milk this cash-cow for all it's worth, the makers have sent it further down the pit, watch it for Emma Stone and some great CGI else its plays out like a bastard child of Marc Webb's '(500) Days of Summer' and Sam Raimi's 'Spider-Man 3'.
view less


text:
Thai Basil serves upscale Thai food. A great place for a date - it was my husband's choice for our first date, actually. Food is generally solid, but the Massaman Curry is to die for. Pray that it's the special when you... Read more reviews ›
Featured Business of the Month
Gluten Free Specialty is a COMPLETELY GLUTEN-FREE food market in Northern California! Located in midtown Sacramento at 2612 J street.
They can be found at:
2612 J street
Sacramento, CA 95811
Visit Gluten Free Specialty online!!
Previously Featured Businesses
Edible Pedal delivers fine foods to your place of work or rest in Sacramento ... by bicycle! They also feature a full service bike shop.
They can be found at:
1712 L street
Sacramento, CA 95811
In the alley between L and Capital, next to Old Soul Bakery and Cafe