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Linguistics is the scientific study of language, encompassing a number of sub-fields. An important topical division is between the study of language structure (grammar) and the study of meaning (semantics). Grammar encompasses morphology (the formation and composition of words), syntax (the rules that determine how words combine into phrases and sentences) and phonology (the study of sound systems and abstract sound units). Phonetics is a related branch of linguistics concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceived.
Over the twentieth century, following the work of Noam Chomsky, linguistics came to be dominated by the Generativist school, which is chiefly concerned with explaining how human beings acquire language and the biological constraints on this acquisition. Generative theory is modularist in character. While this remains the dominant paradigm, Chomsky's writings have also gathered much criticism, and other linguistic theories have increasingly gained popularity; cognitive linguistics is a prominent example. There are many sub-fields in linguistics, which may or may not be dominated by a particular theoretical approach: evolutionary linguistics attempts to account for the origins of language; historical linguistics explores language change and sociolinguistics looks at the relation between linguistic variation and social structures.
A variety of intellectual disciplines are relevant to the study of language. Although certain linguists have downplayed the relevance of some other fields, linguistics — like other sciences — is highly interdisciplinary and draws on work from such fields as psychology, informatics, computer science, philosophy, biology, human anatomy, neuroscience, sociology, anthropology, and acoustics.
Linguistic structures are pairings of meaning and form (which may consist of sound patterns, movements of the hand, written symbols, and so on); such pairings are known as Saussurean signs. Linguists may specialize in some sub-area of linguistic structure, which can be arranged in the following terms, from form to meaning:
Many linguists would agree that these divisions overlap considerably, and the independent significance of each of these areas is not universally acknowledged. Regardless of any particular linguist's position, each area has core concepts that foster significant scholarly inquiry and research.
Intersecting with these domains are fields arranged around the kind of external factors that are considered. For example
The related discipline of semiotics investigates the relationship between signs and what they signify. From the perspective of semiotics, language can be seen as a sign or symbol, with the world as its representation.
In generativist theory, the collection of fundamental properties all languages share are referred to as universal grammar (UG). The specific characteristics of this universal grammar are a much debated topic. Typologists and non-generativist linguists usually refer simply to language universals, or universals of language.
Similarities between languages can have a number of different origins. In the simplest case, universal properties may be due to universal aspects of human experience. For example, all humans experience water, and all human languages have a word for water. Other similarities may be due to common descent: the Latin language spoken by the Ancient Romans developed into Spanish in Spain and Italian in Italy; similarities between Spanish and Italian are thus in many cases due to both being descended from Latin. In other cases, contact between languages — particularly where many speakers are bilingual — can lead to much borrowing of structures, as well as words. Similarity may also, of course, be due to coincidence. English much and Spanish mucho are not descended from the same form or borrowed from one language to the other; nor is the similarity due to innate linguistic knowledge (see False cognate).
Arguments in favor of language universals have also come from documented cases of sign languages (such as Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language) developing in communities of congenitally deaf people, independently of spoken language. The properties of these sign languages conform generally to many of the properties of spoken languages. Other known and suspected sign language isolates include Kata Kolok, Nicaraguan Sign Language, and Providence Island Sign Language.
It has been perceived that languages tend to be organized around grammatical categories such as noun and verb, nominative and accusative, or present and past, though, importantly, not exclusively so. The grammar of a language is organized around such fundamental categories, though many languages express the relationships between words and syntax in other discrete ways (cf. some Bantu languages for noun/verb relations, ergative/absolutive systems for case relations, several Native American languages for tense/aspect relations).
In addition to making substantial use of discrete categories, language has the important property that it organizes elements into recursive structures; this allows, for example, a noun phrase to contain another noun phrase (as in "the chimpanzee's lips") or a clause to contain a clause (as in "I think that it's raining"). Though recursion in grammar was implicitly recognized much earlier (for example by Jespersen), the importance of this aspect of language became more popular after the 1957 publication of Noam Chomsky's book "Syntactic Structures", - that presented a formal grammar of a fragment of English. Prior to this, the most detailed descriptions of linguistic systems were of phonological or morphological systems.
Chomsky used a context-free grammar augmented with transformations. Since then, following the trend of Chomskyan linguistics, context-free grammars have been written for substantial fragments of various languages (for example GPSG, for English), but it has been demonstrated that human languages include cross-serial dependencies, which cannot be handled adequately by context-free grammars.
Diachronic linguistics
Studying languages at a particular point in time (usually the present) is "synchronic", while diachronic linguistics examines how language changes through time, sometimes over centuries. It enjoys both a rich history and a strong theoretical foundation for the study of language change.
In universities in the United States, the non-historic perspective is often out of fashion. The shift in focus to a non-historic perspective started with Saussure and became predominant with Noam Chomsky.
Explicitly historical perspectives include historical-comparative linguistics and etymology.
Contextual linguistics
Contextual linguistics may include the study of linguistics in interaction with other academic disciplines. The interdisciplinary areas of linguistics consider how language interacts with the rest of the world.
Sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, and linguistic anthropology are seen as areas that bridge the gap between linguistics and society as a whole.
Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics relate linguistics to the medical sciences.
Other cross-disciplinary areas of linguistics include evolutionary linguistics, computational linguistics and cognitive science.
Applied linguistics
Linguists are largely concerned with finding and describing the generalities and varieties both within particular languages and among all language. Applied linguistics takes the result of those findings and "applies" them to other areas. The term "applied linguistics" is often used to refer to the use of linguistic research in language teaching only, but results of linguistic research are used in many other areas as well. "Applied linguistics" has been argued to be something of a misnomer , since applied linguists focus on making sense of and engineering solutions for real-world linguistic problems, not simply "applying" existing technical knowledge from linguistics; moreover, they commonly apply technical knowledge from multiple sources, such as sociology (e.g. conversation analysis) and anthropology.
Today, computers are widely used in many areas of applied linguistics. Speech synthesis and speech recognition use phonetic and phonemic knowledge to provide voice interfaces to computers. Applications of computational linguistics in machine translation, computer-assisted translation, and natural language processing are areas of applied linguistics which have come to the forefront. Their influence has had an effect on theories of syntax and semantics, as modeling syntactic and semantic theories on computers constraints.
Linguistics is descriptive; linguists describe and explain features of language without making subjective judgments on whether a particular feature is "right" or "wrong". This is analogous to practice in other sciences: a zoologist studies the animal kingdom without making subjective judgments on whether a particular animal is better or worse than another.
Prescription, on the other hand, is an attempt to promote particular linguistic usages over others, often favouring a particular dialect or "acrolect". This may have the aim of establishing a linguistic standard, which can aid communication over large geographical areas. It may also, however, be an attempt by speakers of one language or dialect to exert influence over speakers of other languages or dialects (see Linguistic imperialism). An extreme version of prescriptivism can be found among censors, who attempt to eradicate words and structures which they consider to be destructive to society.
Most contemporary linguists work under the assumption that spoken (or signed) language is more fundamental than written language. This is because:
Linguists nonetheless agree that the study of written language can be worthwhile and valuable. For research that relies on corpus linguistics and computational linguistics, written language is often much more convenient for processing large amounts of linguistic data. Large corpora of spoken language are difficult to create and hard to find, and are typically transcribed and written. Additionally, linguists have turned to text-based discourse occurring in various formats of computer-mediated communication as a viable site for linguistic inquiry.
The study of writing systems themselves is in any case considered a branch of linguistics.
Some of the earliest linguistic activities can be recalled from Iron Age India with the analysis of Sanskrit. The Pratishakhyas (from ca. the 8th century BC) constitute as it were a proto-linguistic ad hoc collection of observations about mutations to a given corpus particular to a given Vedic school. Systematic study of these texts gives rise to the Vedanga discipline of Vyakarana, the earliest surviving account of which is the work of (c. 520 – 460 BC), who, however, looks back on what are probably several generations of grammarians, whose opinions he occasionally refers to. formulates close to 4,000 rules which together form a compact generative grammar of Sanskrit. Inherent in his analytic approach are the concepts of the phoneme, the morpheme and the root. Due to its focus on brevity, his grammar has a highly unintuitive structure, reminiscent of contemporary "machine language" (as opposed to "human readable" programming languages).
Indian linguistics maintained a high level for several centuries; Patanjali in the 2nd century BC still actively criticizes Panini. In the later centuries BC, however, Panini's grammar came to be seen as prescriptive, and commentators came to be fully dependent on it. Bhartrihari (c. 450 – 510) theorized the act of speech as being made up of four stages: first, conceptualization of an idea, second, its verbalization and sequencing (articulation) and third, delivery of speech into atmospheric air, the interpretation of speech by the listener, the interpreter.
In the Middle East, the Persian linguist Sibawayh made a detailed and professional description of Arabic in 760, in his monumental work, Al-kitab fi al-nahw (الكتاب في النحو, The Book on Grammar), bringing many linguistic aspects of language to light. In his book he distinguished phonetics from phonology.
Western linguistics begins in Classical Antiquity with grammatical speculation such as Plato's Cratylus.
Sir William Jones noted that Sanskrit shared many common features with classical Latin and Greek, notably verb roots and grammatical structures, such as the case system. This led to the theory that all languages sprung from a common source and to the discovery of the Indo-European language family. He began the study of comparative linguistics, which would uncover more language families and branches.
Some early-19th-century linguists were Jakob Grimm, who devised a principle of consonantal shifts in pronunciation – known as Grimm's Law – in 1822; Karl Verner, who formulated Verner's Law; August Schleicher, who created the "Stammbaumtheorie" ("family tree"); and Johannes Schmidt, who developed the "Wellentheorie" ("wave model") in 1872.
Ferdinand de Saussure was the founder of modern structural linguistics. Edward Sapir, a leader in American structural linguistics, was one of the first who explored the relations between language studies and anthropology. His methodology had strong influence on all his successors. Noam Chomsky's formal model of language, transformational-generative grammar, developed under the influence of his teacher Zellig Harris, who was in turn strongly influenced by Leonard Bloomfield, has been the dominant model since the 1960s.
Noam Chomsky remains a pop-linguistic figure. Linguists working in frameworks such as Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) or Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) are increasingly seen to stress the importance of formalization and formal rigor in linguistic description, and may distance themselves somewhat from Chomsky's more recent work (the "Minimalist" program for Transformational grammar), connecting more closely to his earlier works.
Other linguists working in Optimality Theory state generalizations in terms of violable constraints that interact with each other, and abandon the traditional rule-based formalism first pioneered by early work in generativist linguistics. Functionalist linguists working in functional grammar and Cognitive Linguistics tend to stress the non-autonomy of linguistic knowledge and the non-universality of linguistic structures, thus differing significantly from the Chomskyan school. They reject Chomskyan intuitive introspection as a scientific method, relying instead on typological evidence.
Branches and fields
Anthropological linguistics, Semiotics, Philology, Discourse, Structuralism, Post-structuralism, Cognitive linguistics, Cognitive science, Comparative linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Varieties, Developmental linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Descriptive linguistics, Ecolinguistics, Embodied cognition, Endangered languages
History of linguistics, Historical linguistics, Intercultural competence, Lexicography/Lexicology, Linguistic typology, Evolutionary linguistics
Articulatory phonology, Biolinguistics, Computational linguistics, Biosemiotics, Articulatory synthesis, Machine translation, Natural language processing, Speaker recognition (authentication), Speech processing, Speech recognition, Speech synthesis, Concept Mining, Corpus linguistics, Critical discourse analysis, Cryptanalysis, Decipherment, Asemic writing, Grammar Writing
Forensic linguistics, Global language system, Glottometrics, Integrational linguistics, International Linguistic Olympiad, Language acquisition, Language attrition, Language engineering, Language geography, Metacommunicative competence, Natural Language Processing, Neurolinguistics, Orthography, Reading, Second language acquisition, Sociocultural linguistics, Stratificational linguistics, Text linguistics, Writing systems, Xenolinguistics.
Popular works and texts
Literature and art exploring linguistic themes


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Blog | eli
Nowhere to Run: Go behind the scenes.Posted on 11/17/2011 by Lisa
Warning: Cuteness! Here's Melinda Shankar (Alli), Luke Bilyk (Drew), Munro Chambers (Eli), Aislinn Paul (Clare), and Justin Kelly (Jake), hanging out on the set of Degrassi: Nowhere to Run.
I love when they play tortured, emotional characters on Degrassi, but in real life, they all seem so nice.
Random question: Would you rather hang out with the Degrassi cast -- or their characters? (In a cabin in the woods, of course.)
Behind The Scenes on Degrassi Nowhere to RunPosted on 11/14/2011 by The-Gaby
We're a week away from Degrassi Nowhere to Run (THIS Friday @ 9p et!) and do we have a treat for you! In their own words, Munro Chambers, Aislinn Paul and Justin Kelly tell us a little bit of what to expect from the special.
Here's Munro's bit on what goes on in the cabin:
For the whole playlist, click here!
PS - Oh and just in case, here's more on Degrassi Nowhere to Run
What are your fave Degrassi friendships?Posted on 11/13/2011 by Lisa
Adam and Dave's friendship got off to a rough start, so that makes me love this OMG moment (where Adam asks Dave to look at his chest) even more:
We're showing six episodes of Degrassi in a row tonight, ending with the episode that scene is from, "U Don't Know, pt. 1."
I love that Adam and Dave are friends now. Which Degrassi friendships are your current favorites? Adam and Dave? Eli and Fiona? (I love them too!) Katie and Marisol? (They're fun to watch... lots of drama.) Clare and Alli? Others?
p.s. Lots more OMG moments are right here.
OMG, I love Imogen.Posted on 11/12/2011 by Lisa
Whee, it's Nowhere to Run Week! Tonight's Degrassi episodes include Dirt Off Your Shoulder, pt. 1, a.k.a. the episode where Imogen throws herself across the room and into our hearts. This girl makes quite a first impression, doesn't she?
Watch the scene where she shoves tampons up her nose, right now:
See that full ep on TeenNick tonight (it's on at 10:30 pm et). In the meantime, OMG your heart out with this playlist of OMG Moments!
You all had a LOT to say about Imogen when she first showed up at Degrassi. Here are a few of the comments she got back then:
"I think that imogen is creepy and crazy and needs to get her own life instead of creeping up on other peoples lives..." - maRsHmeLLoW
"She's freakin crazy but i like that in a sort of strange way." - susu182
"I kind of like her character... as long as she stays away from Eli. She's making him forget that he ever loved Clare and she's a bad influence on him." - justaperson_8
How are you feeling about her now?
Pictures from Degrassi: Nowhere to Run!Posted on 11/11/2011 by Lisa
Sometimes for work, I have to look through lots of pictures and pick out the cutest ones.
I found some VERY cute pictures of Aislinn Paul (Clare), Luke Bilyk (Drew), Alicia Josipovic (Bianca) and Munro Chambers (Eli) on the set of Nowhere to Run. Here they are, nice and big.
If Clare's mom marries the cabin's owner, does that mean Clare and the cabin can't date?
Drew looks happy to be at the cabin... at least while it's light out.
If I had a cabin, I would totally let Bianca visit. (I bet she could protect me from the bears.)
When you're in the country, it's important to always have a farm animal on your shirt. Right, Eli?
See all that cuteness in action next Friday! Degrassi: Nowhere to Run is coming to TeenNick, Friday, Nov. 18 at 9pm et.
Eli's Locker RollPosted on 09/30/2011 by The-Gaby
A lot of you commented on my last post about Eli's already-classic locker roll. I did some digging and "supplize"!
Sometimes, a locker roll is all you need to show a friend you care.
Degrassi OMG Moments: The B-SidesPosted on 09/21/2011 by The-Gaby
This season has been quite the emotional roller-coaster ride. There were heart-breaks. There were hook ups. There were super-scary-creepy-Vince moments. And then there were those fleeting random moments that add to the Degrassi-ness of it all. This is what I'm talking about...
Probably one of the most emotional moments of the summer... and K.C. was a total jerk at the time, but when he walked into his own mess with that one-liner, I couldn't help but want that in my vocabulary as soon as possible.
Mr. Tuxedo Pants
Fiona: "What's that?"
Charlie: "Mr. Tuxedo Pants."
Probably the coolest cat name ever! I'm totally an animal person, so when I saw Mr. Tuxedo Pants, it made me want my own Mr. Tuxedo Pants...maybe even a Mrs. Tuxedo Pants so they can have play dates.
More bread?
Let's break this down.
It's the season finale, we're at prom, and we've got Drew sitting between Bianca and Katie - nothing can be more awkward and intense, right? Wrong. Eli swoops in with unprecedented serving abilities and exclaims, "More breeead?"
Props to Eli for making this a true Golds-worthy moment.
What were your favorite Degrassi bits from this season?
AAAGH LET'S PROCESS THE FINALE.Posted on 09/01/2011 by Mary
SO! That happened!
Uhhhh, where to begin?
1) How much did it hurt your heart to hear Adam crying out in pain like that? How are you holding up? Let's process our emotions together.
2) Riley and Zane? Totally getting back together in college. Amiright?
3) Bianca? With the Drew and the phone and the shaking? OmGGGG. That was one for the ages. Alicia can act her li'l BUTT off.
4) I'm just gonna come out and say it. What do you think the future prognosis is for Drew and Katie vs. Drew and Bianca?
5) I'm just gonna come out and say it again. E-Clare? Not done yet? Tender moment? Which Eli didn't even mess up his handling of? Sparkles?
6) Not to mention uh, I don't know if you happened to see this teaser for what's coming this fall but uh..........
That one time Jake fed Eli a pear.Posted on 09/01/2011 by Mary
So, in this video, Munro Chambers tells us all about his real-life Now or Never moment -- a moment that decided whether or not we would ever see him on Degrassi! -- and then Justin Kelly feeds him a pear.
You should probably definitely watch it.
And don't forget! After tonight's Degrassi: Now or Never finale, you only have a few days to catch up on all of the full episodes in HD right here. Because after Labor Day (which, by the way, will also be a 9a to midnight et Degrassi: Now or Never marathon), the full archive comes down.
So do your eye stretches, get settled, and hit play.
Who's crying already?Posted on 08/29/2011 by Lisa
*Raises hand* Things are about to get spoilery, so don't read any further unless you've seen "Take a Bow, pt. 1."
Eli and Fiona, locker leaners.
It reeeally sucks for Fiona that her closest friends are graduating and that her ex (whom she still maybe-kinda-sorta likes) is seeing someone else. I bet it also feels pretty terrible to buy your ex's painting and then realize a few minutes later that you're going to be sad every time you look at it.
I cried when Fiona relapsed and called herself "unlovable." She looked so sad and hopeless sitting on the balcony. Someone needs to invent a huggable TV, because I keep wanting to hug mine while I'm watching Degrassi.
I have to say though... Fiona ISN'T unlovable. She's just sad. She's the kind of sad where you convince yourself that you're unlovable, which might be the worst kind of sad, because you feel like you can't even call your friends -- because you're sure they're not really your friends, because you're unlovable. I hate-hate-hate that downward spiral of sadness. I hate seeing Fiona that sad. I hate the thought of *anyone* feeling that sad.
Fiona might feel unlovable, but in reality, she's just so sad that she's not thinking clearly. I wish she had picked up the phone when Holly J called. Or I wish she had called Eli (he's been through so much lately, he definitely wouldn't judge her). She could've called her mom, or Declan, or her therapist. I just wish she'd given someone -- anyone -- a chance to be there for her.
Think Fiona's week will improve? Or will prom and graduation just bring out more sadness? I'm almost afraid to find out.
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5.0 Mustang & Super FordsEvents
Mustang Week 2012 Guide
Welcome to Mustang Week
Mustang Week: Day 5Cruise-In and Awards
Saturday, July 21, 2012
Saturday, July 21, 2012, ends the week-long fun with the East Coast's largest Mustang and SVT Cruise-In! The Cruise-In takes place at the Myrtle Beach Mall (same venue as Friday's car show) and runs from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m.
The sheer volume of Mustangs and SVTs at the Cruise-In never ceases to amaze participants and spectators. In 2010, over 2,000 Mustangs and SVTs packed the show field and surrounding parking lots for the Cruise-In! It would take the entire afternoon to see everything! Nearly 8,000 spectators had the chance to see all the cars, sponsors, and vendors!
It goes without saying that the 2012 Cruise-In will be one of the largest gatherings of Mustangs you will see in one place at one time! It is a can't-miss event! There is no fee for attending and no registration—just show up and have fun! Once again, Mustang Week staff and volunteers will be on hand to help with parking and answer any questions that you may have.
At 3 p.m., we will give out the awards from Friday's car show. Gather around and cheer on those that take home the much deserved trophies! Near the end of the evening, we will give out the car show awards and give away the incredible raffle prizes that we will have sold tickets for all week long. There are few shows that give out the caliber of raffle prizes awarded at Mustang Week. Don't forget to bring all the raffle tickets you've collected throughout the week! You must be present to win!\
Tips to Make The Week Better!
At this point, we would like to offer a few suggestions to help make your week more fun and comfortable. We suggest that you always bring plenty of water with you to the events. It gets hot during the day, and having plenty of fluids will ensure you make it through the day without becoming dehydrated. Always make sure to have a good supply of sunscreen as well. Sunburn can make a day in the sun uncomfortable, not to mention resulting in a miserable night's sleep!
It is also a good idea to bring along a set of two-way radios if you have them. Folks enjoy having those during the Drag Night Cruise. And don't forget to bring a chair! Having somewhere to sit and rest can make all the difference.
We ask that you don't try to enter Friday and Saturday's show field until the posted time. The Mustang Week staff will be hard at work helping sponsors and vendors set up and making the show field ready for participant cars. As in the past, we will have volunteers on hand to make parking go quickly once we open the show field. We suggest that you stage at the north end of the mall parking lots if you arrive early. Please be patient as we have to park a lot of cars in a short period of time.
Most importantly, Mustang Week was created to be a celebration! We want it to be a relaxing and laid-back time, without all of the hassles of the typical car show. As such, please obey all traffic laws when coming into and leaving a Mustang Week event. The Mustang Week Staff does not condone any inappropriate behavior on public roads and highways! We want everyone to return to their homes safely, having had the time of their lives!
It gets hot during the day and having plenty of fluids will ensure you make it through the day without becoming dehydrated.


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Corsham, Wiltshire
The article is illustrated with photographs of AP mines and a bomblet of Italian, US and probably Soviet origin. The most abominable aspect of these mines is that each device contains its own triggering mechanismunlike the Claymore. Each mine is designed to lie and waitand, being well designed and manufactured, will probably do so for a hundred yearsuntil someone treads on it. I occasionally tread among them, and do so with my fingers crossed, if not my legs.
The Claymore is no less lethalrather more so, in factbut it is directional and designed to be fired either by the user, lying in wait, or by the victim(s) but via a
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County adopts synthetic drug regulationsIt's no longer legal to consume products labeled "not fit for human consumption" anywhere in Douglas County. And anyone who wishes to sell such products — commonly referred to as synthetic drugs — in Douglas County must have a license to do so.
Superior Telegram, 10/21/2013
Fundraising kicks off for new Fairlawn signDecades have passed since the Onaway Club sold in the early 1980s, and proceeds from the sale helped Fairlawn Mansion and Museum get a sign for its front lawn.
Superior Telegram, 10/18/2013
Council opts in for iPadsThe Superior City Council is following in the Douglas County Board's technological footsteps — sort of.
Superior Telegram, 10/18/2013
Plan set for solution to ailing tax districtSuperior has a plan to help a financially distressed tax district by banking on a successful one.
Superior Telegram, 10/18/2013
Council seeks measure to silence train hornsThe year was 1957 and then Superior City Councilman Corcoran wanted the city's ordinance prohibiting train whistles at certain intersections to change, according to minutes from May 7, 1957. The long ago Council member wanted horns blown by diesel locomotives added to the local law prohibiting train whistles.
Superior Telegram, 10/18/2013
Council chooses to remove ash trees quicklySuperior's landscape is going to change over the next seven years as city crews implement a plan to systematically remove ash trees in public rights of way.
Superior Telegram, 10/18/2013
Council choses cost-effective approach to emerald ash borerSuperior's landscape is going to change over the next seven years as city crews implement a plan to systematically remove ash trees in pubic rights of way.
Superior Telegram, 10/15/2013
Council considers ash tree removalSuperior's City Council weighs options tonight to deal with the problem presented by emerald ash borer.
Superior Telegram, 10/15/2013
Updated: WHEDA award supports Superior housing projectSuperior city officials received welcome news Monday. A long-awaited housing project got the go-ahead from the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Agency. The state agency announced a proposal to build a new 50-unit senior living facility on the southeast corner of Weeks Avenue and North 13th Street would get tax credits needed to help fund the project.
Superior Telegram, 10/14/2013
Jauch retiresPassionate, outspoken, a builder of bipartisan bridges — that's how people who know Sen. Bob Jauch described the Poplar Democrat this week. After 31 years in the Wisconsin Legislature, Jauch announced Wednesday he won't seek re-election in 2014.
Superior Telegram, 10/11/2013


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Staffing crisis leads to move for Barrow Special Care Baby Unit
Last updated at 14:27, Friday, 21 December 2012
A STAFFING crisis has led to a life-saving children's service being merged into another area of Furness General Hospital.
The FGH Special Care Baby Unit is also set to change its cut-off point for which babies it will look after rather than transferring to other hospitals.
SCBU, which is set to be moved into a refurbished area of the hospital's maternity unit in spring 2013, will offer care for those born at a minimum of 34 weeks into pregnancy as opposed to the current 32 weeks.
The changes come after medical staff raised concerns over the safety of staffing levels in the unit.
SCBU has had various issues throughout the year, due to sickness and difficulty recruiting.
Sir David Henshaw is chairman of the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, which runs FGH.
He admitted some doctors are worried about the changes.
He said: "Paediatric consultants at FGH have stated that they recognise that there would be benefits by this move, but they have also raised additional staffing concerns.
"Let's be absolutely clear, this move is about the safety of babies in our care. This is our priority. It is not about reducing staff.
"The clinical director and his team will now work in partnership with other clinicians to ensure these concerns are addressed before any moves takes place."
FGH SCBU is a small neonatal unit that looks after up to six babies at a time.
The average daily occupancy is around three babies and two specially trained neonatal nurses are needed on each shift to be able to run the unit safely.
For this to be possible, 12 whole time equivalent nurses are needed 24/7.
Sir David said a team of clinicians had been given the green light to proceed with a business case to create an integrated unit.
On how the move came about, he said: "We have a duty to ensure that we constantly monitor all services to ensure they are safe and, when appropriate, to take the necessary action to mitigate against any risks.
"This is what our public and regulators rightly expect their doctors, nurses and midwives to be doing.
"A challenge of any small unit on the edge of a large geographical area, such as Barrow, is the ability to be able to ensure it is safely staffed at all times.
"The department has tried to recruit suitably qualified staff, including seeking assistance from a specialist hospital, however this has been unsuccessful.
"We have, therefore, approved the recommendation of doctors, midwives, nurses, obstetric and paediatric professionals to relocate the SCBU to a newly refurbished unit within the Maternity Ward – a short distance from where it is now, and closer to mothers.
"The trust board has approved the direction of travel and will ensure that all staff involved are consulted as plans progress."
As well as being moved, the types of cases the unit handles is also set to change.
Sir David said: "The move will also include a further, relatively small, change to the provision of neonatal services at FGH – the gestational age the unit looks after babies from will be amended from 32 to 34 weeks gestation.
"This means that a range of 12 to 20 babies may need to be transferred to other units each year, as is currently done with significantly premature babies.
"Pregnant women plan their care with their midwife from date of known pregnancy.
"Therefore, women who are identified at risk of delivering a baby prematurely have a specific birth plan in place and will be warned about the possibility of transfer during their pregnancy."
The change to SCBU will be led by Owen Galt, clinical director and consultant paediatrician, with the support of maternity, obstetric, nursing, and paediatric clinical colleagues.
"The team responsible will be liaising with local GP colleagues, commissioners, stakeholders and relevant bodies to ensure all women are fully informed before any move takes place.
Sir David Henshaw said: "As we have said previously, a larger review of all of our services is underway, and in the new year, the public, staff and stakeholders will have the opportunity to comment on their experiences in our hospitals and share their thoughts on the future of local healthcare services.
"However, as I'm sure you will all agree, it is only right that we address any risks that are brought to the
attention of the board in the meantime."
The move is set to be made in spring, when work to improve the area SCBU is being transferred into has been done.
In the meantime, UHMBT chief executive Jackie Daniel said, trust bosses will be working with paediatricians, obstetricians, specialist nurses, and midwives to make sure all safety concerns are addressed.
She added: "This move is designed to improve clinical pathways of care for our women and babies, with mums able to be closer to their new-born babies in many instances, whilst at the same time, improving relations and multi-disciplinary team working of paediatricians, obstetricians, specialist nurses, and midwives.
"Around 1,200 babies are born each year at FGH, and most women will not notice any change in the service we provide.
"This is because most babies are born at full term and do not need to use SCBU.
"Significantly premature babies are already transferred to other units, and this will continue to be the case, in partnership with the support of our neonatal network.
"We remain confident that we are providing safe maternity and SCBU services at FGH, and this move will further enable us to offer the best possible care to women and families in Barrow and surrounding areas."
First published at 14:26, Friday, 21 December 2012
Published by http://www.nwemail.co.uk
Have your say
This is just another step in the Bay Trust plot to bring about the closure of the Barrow Maternity Unit. First tarnish their reputation, then blame the resulting recruitment problems for the next wave of inefficiencies, then eventually say the Unit will close because it is not fit for purpose.
It will be disastrous moving SCBU to Maternity for both maternity and neonatal staff who are trained in two different specialities one designed to care for 'well' babies and their mothers and another to support the needs of small or sick babies. It is inconceivable that the staff from each area will be required to 'support' colleagues if there are staffing issues! That is NOT to say that each is not confident and competent in their area of expertise but I would not want a neonatal nurse to deliver my baby or a midwife to care for my sick baby. Having watched from afar it seems to me that this is about money and downgrading the unit and as I have seen in my own area this could be a reality! The midwives and neonatal nurses at FGH have been ground down, disrespected and only just managing to keep afloat. It seems that every time morale starts to improve yet another thing will hit your paper. I can only praise them for their courage and determination to give a quality safe service in the face of it all. The future remains to be seen but be warned women of Barrow, you need to fight for these services and not give into those who appear to be happy to take or limit, the services. Please spare a thought for the staff who are still under attack, serving your needs this Christmas
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text:
Michael Marshak
Michael Marshak
- Postdoctoral Fellow in Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
I currently study organic flow batteries for grid-scale energy storage as part of a collaborative project between professors Michael Aziz, Roy Gordon, and Alán Aspuru-Guzik. The Aspuru-Guzik theory team screens thousands of organic molecules called quinones for the ones that have good electrochemical properties. I then synthesize some of these quinones in the Gordon lab, and test them in batteries in the Aziz Lab. More information on this project is available here:
This project has resulted in the following publications:
(1) "A metal-free organic-inorganic aqueous flow battery"
Huskinson, B.; Marshak, M. P.; Suh, C.; Er, S.; Gerhardt, M. R.; Galvin, C. J.; Chen, X.; Aspuru-Guzik, A.; Gordon, R. G.; Aziz, M. J.
Nature 2014, 505, 195. (Link)(Full-Text)
(2) "Cycling of a Quinone-Bromide Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage."
Huskinson, B.; Marshak, M. P.; Gerhardt, M. R.; Aziz, M. J.
ECS Trans. 2014, 61(37), 27–30. (Link)
(3) "Computational design of molecules for an all-quinone redox flow battery"
Süleyman Er, Changwon Suh, Michael P. Marshak, and Alán Aspuru-Guzik
Chem. Sci., 2014, Accepted Manuscript. (Link)
Michael received his B.A. in Chemistry at Cornell University and his Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry at MIT. While at Cornell, he studied organometallic chemistry of early transition metals under the guidance of Prof. Peter Wolczanksi. These studies focused on olefin-alkylidene rearrangements and C–H bond activation using niobium, tantalum, and tungsten complexes. At MIT, he joined the lab of Prof. Daniel Nocera studying high-valent first-row transition metals. This research identified redox-activity in β-diketiminate ligands, nitrile insertion in metal-aryl bonds, and the spectrochemical properties of chromium (IV) siloxide. Before commencing his postdoctoral studies with Prof. Michael Aziz at Harvard, he hiked 2668 miles from Mexico to Canada on the Pacific Crest Trail. He enjoys being outdoors, preferably skiing, hiking, or fishing.


text: Ballistic Publishing - Call for Entries Flidlock girlCharacter concept personal work Copyright (C) Alexander Nanitchkov 2007 All Rights Reserved No unauthorised duplication or distribution without explicit permission from the copyright holder. Artist Name: Alexander Nanitchkov Artist Country: BG Entered for: Website: http://tsabo6.deviantart.com/Software used: Adobe - Photoshop About us | Contact us | Privacy Policy Copyright © 2003 Ballistic Media Pty. Ltd.


text:
The Lasso: Roping in the best of the web
Guy builds 'FRAGGuccino' with items bought after airport security
Arguably, the worst part of flying is the whole rigmarole at airport security, which, while sometimes frustrating and even asinine, is meant to keep us safe.
But what about what happens AFTER we leave security?
Known on YouTube as Terminal Cornucopia, a guy is able to construct a bomb - A BOMB! - made from everyday, unassuming items he purchased at various terminal kiosks, according to Gizmodo.
Dubbed a "FRAGGuccino," the whole experiment cost him only $30 and took him less than four minutes.
With just a stainless steel coffee mug, a Li-ion AA battery, some Axe Body Spray, a condom, and a bottle of water, Terminal Cornucopia was able to construct and successfully detonate an improvised frag grenade.


text:
Narrow your search
Tesla released data about crash tests, showing that it not only earned 5-star ratings from NHTSA in every category, but proved to be safer than any other car on the road.
At Nvidia's GTC developer conference in San Jose, Honda's Technical Leader for crash safety Eric DeHoff showed how the company uses photo-realistic rendered models for crash-testing cars.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration released guidelines today for automakers to build nondistracting electronics into cars, but fell short of passing regulations.
A Lyft passenger was killed in an accident near Sacramento, Calif., over the weekend, but it looks like the ride-sharing service's insurance will cover it.
Google's new self-driving car prototype surprised even robo-car experts and suggests the company is further along than expected.
A new rule passed today by the US Department of Transportation mandates rear-view cameras in all cars built from May 1, 2018.
The government believes vehicle-to-vehicle data links will help improve driver safety, and will push for legislation requiring it in "a future year."
A proposed NHTSA safety standard will require a brake-throttle override system on all vehicles.
An expected auto alliance backing Google's OS is unexpectedly broad with the arrival of the world's largest carmaker. The first Android vehicles will arrive this year.
In a blog post on the company's site, a Tennessee man whose Tesla Model S caught fire explains that he ran over a trailer hitch and never felt in danger at any time.


text:
Coronation Street's Leanne Barlow will fall down the stairs and miscarry her baby
Coronation Street's Leanne Barlow is set to face yet moire heartache this summer, when she miscarries her first child.
The newly married beayty (played by Jane Dancon) is delighted when she discovers she is pregnant with husband Peter Barlow's baby and the couple begin planning their future together with their new child and Peter's son Simon.
However, following an argument between the two, Leanne falls down the stairs and loses the baby.
Jane is said to have been moved to tears after reading the script for the storyline, which will be filmed next week.
According to the Sunday People, she told friends: "It's incredibly sad."
Jane recently promised more "exciting" storylines for her 'Coronation Street' alter ego.
She said: "I've not received the scripts but I know what's in store in the coming months - in the summer months. It's very exciting and, of course, I can't say anything because it's more than my job's worth!
"I thought now that they're married they'll probably have a baby and do the expected thing. But I think I'm alright to say that it's not that. I would love to tell you what it is. Keep watching."


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Nairobi — The City Council of Nairobi is set to lose Sh25 million a day in uncollected dues after its employees boycotted work over a pay dispute, leaving parking fees uncollected and streets littered with garbage.
According to Town Clerk Tom Odongo, the figure represents half of the council's revenue collection per day.
"We collect Sh50 million in revenue every day and that has been halved since rates, parking fees and other monies have not be been collected and this is affecting our revenue base," he told reporters during a press conference at City Hall.
The workers are accusing the Local Government Ministry of failing to sign a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) that had been approved earlier.
"The CBA included a 60 percent salary increment, a house allowance of Sh5,000 for every employee. Commuter allowance had gone up by Sh1,000," they outlined.
"We shall continue with this strike. Nairobi residents will not have water, you will not be able to take your dead people to the City Mortuary and Pumwani Hospital will be closed," they warned.
They vowed to boycott work until their demands are met.
"There will be no work until the Local Government Permanent Secretary Karega Mutahi and the minister realise that we as city council staff are not being paid well," they stated.
According to the clerk however, the strike is not justified since every effort was made to honour the CBA.
Odongo said that the signed CBA had been forwarded to the Salaries and Remuneration Commission (SRC) which has the sole power to approve a salary increment.
"It is after March 1st that a dispute can be declared if by then the Salaries and Remuneration Commission will not have dispensed with the matter. We brought up this issue to the attention of the union officials at the branch level and we informed them of this development and we shared with them the records of submission that was done by the ministry to the Salaries and Remuneration Commission," he stated.
He however pointed out that while striking was a right for workers, there were some who vandalised council offices and intimidated their colleagues into joining them.
"A strike cannot include vandalising of city council property, forceful eviction of employees from the office, vandalising computers, destroying sensitive documents belonging to the council, littering the streets. Our position is that these are illegal activities," he warned.
He stated that such action will not be condoned and individuals responsible will be arrested.
"We will arrest and charge anybody who is involved in this from now on. Any more interfering with our property will result in arrest. You have a right to strike but it does not involve destroying our property," he said.
Kisumu Town Clerk Christopher Rosanna in the meantime also stated that the local council there is losing Sh3 million per day in uncollected rates as a result of the ongoing strike by the workers.
He indicated that garbage has remained uncollected for the last four days and the situation might expose local residents to diseases.
The clerk convened a meeting with the union representatives and implored them to return to work as they press for their rights but they declined.


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Fiona Harvey's curator insight, January 11, 1:50 PM
My Language colleagues may be interested in this. Looks great.
EduClick_España's curator insight, June 22, 8:46 AM
Te presentamos cinco herramientas para que grabes tus propias videolecciones y te animes a probar nuevas metodologías como la flipped classroom.
Nik Peachey's curator insight, June 30, 4:43 AM
My review of Unplag - tool for detecting plagiarism.


text:
SCHROON LAKE The Schroon Lake Chamber of Commerce, with assistance from the North Warren Chamber of Commence, recently celebrated the 50th anniversary of the filming of the movie Marjorie Morningstar at the Scaroon Manor.
The movie stars Natalie Wood and Gene Kelly, and was partially filmed at Scaroon Manor, which was then a resort on Schroon Lake owned by Joseph Frieber. Camp Cayuga, a children's camp located next to Scaroon Manor, was also the scene for some of the filming. The filming took place in 1957 and 1958.
More than 350 people attended the anniversary event. Included were former campers from Camp Cayuga who were in the film and the nephew of Joe Frieber, Michael Weinberg, who came from Oregon to be part of the festivities. Many people shared their memories of the filming and little about Scaroon Manor.
An original Marjorie Morningstar movie poster was donated to the Schroon-North Hudson Historical Society by Emily Rossi-Snook and her family.
In the movie, while working as a counselor at a summer camp, college-stu- dent Marjorie Morgenstern (Wood) falls for 32-year-old Noel Airman (Kelly), a would -be dramatist working at a nearby summer theater. Like Marjorie, he is an upper-middle-class New York Jew (born 'Ehrman'), but has fallen away from his roots, and Marjorie's parents object to, among other things, his lack of a suitable profession, such as medicine or law. Noel himself warns Marjorie repeatedly that she's much too naive and conventional for him, but they nonetheless fall in love.
The movie was nominated for an Oscar for Best Music, Original Song (A Very Precious Love) in 1959. It won Laurel Awards for Best Song (A Very Precious Love), Top Music Composer (Max Steiner), Top Music Director (Ray Heindorf) and Top Female Supporting Performance (Carolyn Jones). Natalie Wood was nominated for Top Female Dramatic Performance and finished fifth in the voting.
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The USAePay gateway manages the complex routing of sensitive customer information through the credit card and electronic check processing networks (read about USA ePay security systems here). The company adheres to strict industry standards for payment processing, including:
• 1024-bit Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology for secure Internet Protocol (IP) transactions.
• Industry leading encryption hardware and software methods and security protocols to protect customer information.
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SCOPE: This report presents the results of an ISO 5011 test of several air filters designed for the GM Duramax Diesel. The test was independently performed under controlled conditions using a $285,000 machine at Testand Corp of Rhode Island (manufacturer of the machine). Arlen Spicer, ... JOIN NOW TO REMOVE TRACER
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Duramax Air Filter Testing *
Test Data Tables:
Test Data Tables:
Test Data Tables:
Test Data Tables:
Test Data Tables:
To be consistent with common industry practice all filters were tested using PTI Course Test Dust. Course dust is more commonly used since it will produce higher % efficiency numbers.
The Story behind the test:
First of all, many thanks to Arlen Spicer and Ken at Testand for organizing and facilitating the test. Arlen is a professional Firefighter who also operates a small tree service on the side. The tree service is the reason he owns a diesel truck. This study was the result of nearly a year of work by Arlen to get accurate independent data on air filters for the GM Duramax Diesel. Arlen originally set out to build his own Filter Test Stand so that he could perform accurate, repeatable and independent measurements on the various filters available for the Duramax. Arlen questioned the claims made by aftermarket filter manufacturers that their filters were superior to the conventional OEM style paper filters. After spending many months, hours and a considerable amount of his own money, he learned first hand how difficult it was to perform an accurate air filter test. He found it was difficult to maintain all the necessary controls to insure an accurate measurement. It was at this juncture that Arlen received a call from Ken at Testand offering to perform the ISO 5011 test free of charge. Ken found Arlens idea for an independent comparison study very interesting and offered to do the ISO 5011 testing using one of Testands industrial Filter Test Machines. Arlen posted the news in an internet forum and immediately the offers by forum members to purchase and send filters for the test started rolling in. Some members purchased and donated filters and others made contributions to cover the expenses and the cost of shipping the filters to Teststand. It was truly a team effort. The end result is the top quality data presented in this report. The following is a quote from a post in the forum.
(Arlen) SPICER wrote,
Now that I am not doing the tests and my objectivity is not necessary, let me explain my motivation. The reason I started this crusade was that I was seeing people spend a lot of money on aftermarket filters based on the word of a salesperson or based on the misleading, incomplete or outright deceiving information printed on boxes and in sales literature. Gentlemen and Ladies, Marketing and the lure of profit is VERY POWERFUL! It is amazing how many people believe that better airflow = more power! Unless you have modifications out the wazoo, a more porous filter will just dirty your oil! Some will say " I have used aftermarket brand X for XXX # years with no problems. The PROBLEM is you spent a chunk of ching on a product that not only DID NOT increase your horsepower, but also let in a lot of dirt while doing it! Now how much is a lot? ANY MORE THAN NECESSARY is TOO MUCH!
Others are persuaded by the claims of aftermarket manufacturers that their filters filter dirt "better than any other filter on the market." Sounds very enticing. To small timers like you and me, spending $1500 to test a filter sounds like a lot. But if you were a filter manufacturer and you believed your filter could filter dirt better than any other media on the market, wouldn't you want to prove it? Guess what. Test your filter vs. the OE paper. It will cost you $3000 and for that price you will have the data that you can use in your advertisements. Your investment will be returned a thousand fold! EASIER than shooting fish in a barrel! So why don't these manufacturers do this? Hmmm? Probably not because they would feel guilty about taking more market share.
Now I am not saying that ALL aftermarket filters are useless. A paper filter does not do well if directly wetted or muddy. It may collapse. This is why many off-road filters are foam. It is a compromise between filtering efficiency and protection from a collapsed filter. Now how many of our trucks collapse their filters from mud and water? However, if a filter is using "better airflow" as their marketing tool, remember this....Does it flow better? At very high airflow volumes, probably. BUT, Our trucks CAN'T flow that much air unless super-modified, so what is the point? The stock filter will flow MORE THAN ENOUGH AIR to give you ALL THE HORSEPOWER the engine has to give. And this remains true until the filter is dirty enough to trip the air filter life indicator. At that point performance will decline somewhat. Replace the filter and get on with it.
Hopefully the results of this test will do 2 things. Shed some light on the misleading marketing claims of some aftermarket manufacturers and/or give us new insight on products already on the market that are superior to our OE filter. I stand for truth and will eat my words publicly if my statements prove wrong. I appreciate all of the help and support that you members have offered in this project. It would simply be impossible without your help. A huge thanks to Ken at Testand for his willingness to take on this project. I would be spinning my wheels from here to eternity without his help SPICER
Our thanks to Arlen and Ken for making the test happen and providing the valuable test results for the benefit of all.
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EasyStreet (SBR rating D) is sending promo emails to players offering a 35% cash signup bonus. While the email is titled "Attention all Greek and BetJamaica Clients", the opening lines also address former BetEd, Nine.com and VIP Sports players. EasyStreet's promo mailer states that the sportsbook has no intent of leaving the US market.
Prior to each football season, all online sportsbooks begin to pump up their marketing and bonuses in an attempt to retain or reel in customer business for the coming pigskin year. Players are advised to avoid lowly rated sportsbooks with histories of unfairly dealing with players. In addition to the already established sportsbooks, many fly-by night scam attempts are made by rogue operators in possession of industry mailing lists. While EasyStreet Sports is not designated as a blacklisted sportsbook, its poor rating is largely attributed to the theft of $46,000 from a winning casino player accused of robot play. | EasyStreet spams former sportsbook players
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Nashville 2012 S01E07 720p HDTV X264-DIMENSION
Here's a new episode of ABC's new drama "Nashville".
Marshall Evans continues to pressure Rayna and Juliette to collaborate at an event at the Ryman theater, Teddy is forced to reveal the truth to Rayna when Peggy's desperation hits its peak, and in an effort to move past her failed relationship to Avery, Scarlett finds herself closer to Gunnar.
x264 | AAC VBR | 302MB
NTi – UPLOADED – FiLEGAG
x264 | AC3 CBR | 963MB
NTi – UPLOADED


text:
November 8, 2007 4:00 AM PST
Google must woo mobile app developers
- Related Stories
Google's Android has long road aheadNovember 5, 2007
Google unveils cell phone software and allianceNovember 5, 2007
Android, unveiled earlier this week, is touted as the answer to a major problem facing mobile-application developers: how to make developing applications for mobile devices as open and easy as developing applications for the Web.
Most experts and consumers agree that accessing the Internet on a mobile handset is very different from accessing it on a PC. Often, users get stripped-down versions of Web sites, with far fewer applications available. The shortcomings have been blamed on whoever controls the network, the device itself, and the underlying technology. Also, the mobile market is incredibly fragmented, and software developers are forced to support various systems.
Google believes it can change all of this with its Android software platform and its Open Handset Alliance, a collection of 34 companies working together to embed this technology into chipsets, handsets, and services.
But mobile-application developers interviewed by CNET News.com say they've heard these promises before. While they're not saying "no" to Android, they're wary. They worry the new effort will do little more than fragment the market further by making them develop yet another iteration of their applications. And they're keen to see what Google produces when it unveils an Android software developer's kit on November 12.
"Right now, Android just adds to the headache of developing different versions of our applications for different operating systems," said Kay Johansson, CTO of MobiTV. "It will be just another platform we have to support. I think for the Google platform to really be a game-changer it's going to have to offer more than just an open-source operating system for a mobile phone. It will have to create mobile Internet devices that happen to make phone calls."
Google did not return calls for comment.
Developing applications for the traditional Internet is simple compared to developing them for the mobile Web, because there are common operating systems, browsers, and standardized programming languages. What's more, the underlying services delivering applications on the Internet are agnostic, meaning that regardless of whether someone is using a Comcast cable modem service or a Verizon DSL service, the application looks exactly the same.
Struggling with the variables
The situation on a mobile device is quite different. Developers must contend with several different factors when programming for a mobile device. Not only must they take into account the different shapes and sizes of the screens, they also have to adjust applications based on the particular differences among various operating systems and carrier networks.
In the end, an application developer must often write dozens of versions of one application to port onto hundreds of handsets. While this is not an impossible task, it's time-consuming and expensive, and many experts say it stifles innovation.
"The big difference between the mobile Web and the traditional Internet is that on the traditional Internet I can connect from any broadband provider and get the same experience," said Iain Gillott, founder of iGillott Research. "That's just not the case on the mobile Web, and it probably never will be."
Google is not the first company to promise the mobile phone community an easier and more streamlined way to develop new applications. Sun Microsystems has tried to do this with its mobile Java programming language. Qualcomm developed BREW, a standardized environment for developing applications. There's also the Symbian operating system, developed by a consortium of handset makers including Nokia and Sony Ericsson. The software is licensed to a number of handset manufacturers and is the No. 1 smartphone operating system for handsets in the world. Microsoft also offers its Windows Mobile platform on a number of different devices and has gained significant traction in the last few years.
So far these companies haven't truly created the same kind of open environment that spawned the development of successful Web applications such as Google's YouTube, Yahoo's Flickr, or Facebook.
"Java promised to allow a 'write it once, publish many' model," said Mauro Lollo, CEO of Movidity, a company that has created a new way to stream video on cell phones. "But the reality has been much different. There is still a lot of customization that needs to be done depending on the device and the carrier."
Phones come in all different shapes and sizes. They have different graphics and processing capabilities, causing a problem that's acute for the less sophisticated "feature phones," which make up the vast majority of the market.
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17 commentsJoin the conversation! Add your comment
- It will work if Android SDK is Java based
- I see 3 options for Android on the table:
Option 1) it comes with a native open source JVM. This is the Blackberry approach and the best scenario. It will enable running existing J2ME applications (thousands exist today) and Google will provide more powerfull APIs for their integrationg with their application suite, like GMail, Google Maps and YouTube. GPS APIs would be great too. They will also provide a custom Java based UI toolkit to make applications consistent with the phone UI. IDEs will be Netbeans and Eclipse. The low level access to the underlying Linux OS would be hidden from the developer.
Option 2) The JVM is not part of Android, but available as a addon. This is Palm approach (IBM provides the JVM for Treos). In this case, Esmertec will likely provide a non open source JVM to run J2ME apps to each phone vendor. This is OK but not very good, as the JVM may or may not be present and they will be no integration with existing app or UI toolkit. Developer will have to code all apps running on Android with C or C++ APIs using Eclipse. the SDK will be very similar to the now defund Palm Foleo or the Nokia Linux Maemo platform.
OR ... all 3 options ? Anyway we will know when the SDK is released on Nov 12th 07
Thierry BRETHES
http://www.unyverse.com
- Like Reply Link Flag
- tbrethes is on the right track
- This assessment is right on. There are only a few house keeping chores needed.
The OHA must offer their own HSS/HLR to free the end user.
The OHA should be able to offer location, GPS etc.
A generic UDCR (Universal Device Capability Repository) will take care of the physical display and operational differences with the handsets.
These 3 items are outside the OS. There are open standards (OMA) that describe these functions.
- Like Link Flag
- Google-must-woo-mobile-app-developers
- IMO, one application developer needs Neomedia Technologies.
They need the NeoReader for their new GPhone.
Mobile phone permission based response should be the #1 priority to reach the consumer in one click.
I should be able to click on the physical world around me as I walk down the street, ride the bus, or at home watching T.V.
Consumers should be able to click on logos, trademarks, keywords (which is Google's main soucre of income for their PC software), slogans, billboards, RFID tags, 2D, 1D, QR, data matrix, EAN, UPC, what else m I missing?
Are they thinking outside the box yet?
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Waiting for the Great Un-Lock
- While the Open Handset Alliance and Google's efforts may be dubiously noble the single greatest obstacle to success is the locking down and dumbing down of phone. While it is transparent to see why a carrier wants the locked phone having them feel the financial pain of continuing to offer inferior products will be slow in coming to the 2 largest US carriers;Verizon and AT&T. Sprint/Nextel willingness to participate in borne out of financial desperation. T-Mobile may not be in the same dire straights as Sprint but then do seem to have a reputation on a world wide basis of being perceived as being more forward thinking.
On October 29, 2007, Sprint lost a law suit in Califirnia requiring device portability. The next day T-Mobile said they were no longer locking devices. AT&T and Verizon dug n their heels and issued more inferior product. savvy consumers (it doesn't take much to be one either. Just try a different carrier for a month or two and you too can be savvy. One data session on any other network outside of AT&T will make a believer out of you and operating any other phone not on the Verizon network will give you an idea of what you are missing.) Knowing AT&T and Verizon they will have to be forced, state by state to offer unlocked phones. It is said that there are only two true motivators for the human condition; pain and love. US carriers are pretty short on love and it is up to the consumer to deliver the pain necessary to affect change. The OHA, with a bit more maturity may just be capable of saving US mobile consumers from themselves. Google only has to take a slightly different tact on the old 80-20 rule. They are capable of giving a 20% experience that is so freeing that the public will wait for the 80%. The big US carriers are too arrogant to see any reality other than their own. Just wait until cable companies start to offer competing wireless services.
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- Google ... must ... diversify
- Yet another lame brain way of pushing the Google brand up the arses of naive consumers and mentally-incapable investors. A company that literally set its own market cap based on 90's dot-com idiocy isn't 'getting it.' Google, focus on saving yourself and more importantly, stay away from my cell phone!
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- There must be lots of lame brains
- Ok genious, so you declare to be the only smart guy since nearly everyone else are "idiots" and "mentally challenged" and "lame brained". Sorry to tell you but thousands of "lame brains" got rich with Google. Do you work for MS? Last time I looked they seemed to be the guys desperately trying to diversify.
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- Mobile App Developers
- Dear App Developers:
Avoid Google, Inc right now, they have lost ethical control of their company to banking interest who's only intent is artificial inflation of share price through continual theft of all intellectual property brought to the company to artificially maintain market share.
No Kidding.
Personally having been stuck in the Justice Department going broke for 2 1/2 years while Google, Inc.'s attorneys defer paying me for You Tube, while Goldman Sachs try's to exit the common shares - Then infringing on my gurfrip patent because I refuse to do any more business with them till they pay up.
Would indicate to me that Independent Mobil Developers would be better off working with a less greedy company that does not want to leave any property on the table for real innovators.
Google, Inc. as a company is just too imature to work with outside innovators and developers and until they learn their lesson an pay up.
$1,800,000,000 in CASH not worthless Google, inc shares, then I would personally recommend that every app developer find a different company that has a longer history and more experience in working with outsiders.
A Tech Company with no respect for others intellectual property or rights to the same opportunities its founders [brin & page] were afforded is condemned to failure. Regardless of what Goldman Sachs says - they're just another bank and banks don't create anything.
Microsoft and Apple come to mind as appropriate avenues for new app developers in the business line.
Google, just has to grow up and be trustworthy.
They are not, That simple.
Just ask DOJ.
jimmy/JAMES - genius
James Reginald Harris, Jr., INVENTOR
You Tube[google infringment], GURFRIP Database & PATENT [google infringment] & Technical Gravity [ask nobel, cern]
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- Woo who?
- for those unfamiliar with the suite of semi-open source interfaces that Google offers for their products, this article might seem valid. But, for those that are familiar with the ease and popularity of applications and widgets that plugin to iGoogle or Google Enterprise, there's the knowledge that this move opens the floodgates for development, not just for heavily funded software companies, but any geek with a cellphone and a computer.
And that's precisely what Google is trying to do. It doesn't seem they're overly concerned with appealing to the arcane and soon-to -be-obsolete companies that thrive based on niche experience with proprietary software. These guys are soon to be extinct. Google is trying to cater to the upcoming generation of app-developers that want the freedom to create what they want for their own, and their friends devices.
The truth to the matter is that Google doesn't have to woo the mobile app developers, because they're going to open the source for millions more.
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- 20,000+ applications for Android ?
- I totally agree with your point about the problem for application developers due to fragmentation of the cellphone operating system marketplace.
In fact, the mission of StyleTap is to address this very problem by bringing the largest ecosystem of mobile applications (20,000+ originally written for Palm OS(R)) and developers to the other major cellphone/handheld operating systems.
StyleTap currently offers a product for Windows Mobile/CE and has recently demoed the upcoming Symbian version at the Symbian show in London.
While we are not yet ready to commit to a version for Android and depending on whether the upcoming SDK supports native Linux applications, StyleTap could go a long way in helping make Android a success.
For more information on StyleTap, please see www.styletap.com
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- Johnny one note becomes Johnny come lately
- Google has really done only one thing well, search on the desktop.
It knows it has to expand, so it goes into a growing market, mobile. Problem is, that market is already crowded with far more mature players.
It's hard to see Google's effort as anything more than painting by the numbers. I see no vision here that's going to change the game in any important way. Open source? More ads? What in God's name does any of that do to make smartphones more attractive to the ultimate customer -- the consumer?
Whatever one may say about Apple's effort, they never lost sight of the fact that they had to have something to sell that actual people might have a reason to buy. Who can say that about Google's venture?
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- 4 Steps to Create a Developer Frenzy Around Alien
- 1) Friction free distribution- A lot of opportunity for the Google Gorilla to make this better.
2) Permission to believe on distribution- continuing momentum.
3) Killer App(s) - Will you buy an Alien phone as a present? If not, there's probably no killer app(s).
4) The Right Stack- Google is going to get this right.
...more at crowdfluence.com
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- Are you kidding me?
- No offense, but I would expect a little more knowledge from someone reporting on mobile web applications other than:
"Right now, Android just adds to the headache of developing different versions of our applications for different operating systems."
And who are these experts?
"In the end, an application developer must often write dozens of versions of one application to port onto hundreds of handsets. While this is not an impossible task, it's time-consuming and expensive, and many experts say it stifles innovation."
Has anyone on cnet staff heard of or is familiar with .mobi and mTLD?
A guideline and a set of standards is already in place with tons of sites popping up that is supported on any cell phone capable of accessing the web. All phones, all apps, all work with this format. There is no "...headache of developing different versions". It is one site, one version, one set of standards that operate on all OS and phones. And, get this...this is the cool part...it works equally well on the PC!
Just take a look at mTLD.mobi rather than shun this and overlook it. You guys get all the newest and coolest stuff to play with so put it to good use and to the test. Plus, CNET.MOBI is owned by CNET networks. So what are you waiting on? I could be reading this on my Helio Ocean.
Better yet, take a look at some of these sites:
SDCA.mobi San Diego CA complete with surfing conditions
DIR.mobi...a list constantly updated of mobile compliant sites
Bigger known and recognized US and International based companies:
BofA.mobi (Bank of America)
Car Manufacturers
FordCA.mobi (Ford Canada)
AAA.mobi (American Automobile Association)
Time.mobi (Time Magazine)
GoDaddy.mobi / TDNAM.mobi
Mobile Operators
Mobile Manufacturers
Weather.mobi (The Weather Channel)
Quikstore.mobi (Quiksilver)
Schiphol.mobi (Amsterdam)
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- Standards are not always standard
- You said "It is one site, one version, one set of standards that operate on all OS and phones" I have become very wary of the word standard. The fact is that standards are not always "standard". Everyone who makes something which complies to a standard does it slightly differently to try to beat their competitors. Anyone who has written HTML code for websites will know this. The simple fact is that diversity is always going to happen, and it is a real pain for software developers since they need to make sure that their product works the same on all the different platforms that it will be used on. This is time consuming and hard.
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- Android Developer Community
- http://www.ohadev.org Given the recent news of the "g-phone" and the Open Handset Alliance. A new website has been launched to facilitate coordination between developers who intend to use the "Android SDK" from google.
please visit: http://www.ohadev.org
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- The Unofficial OHA's Android Developer Community
- News, forums and user downloads will be avaible - Android applications, Tools, SDK - as they start to appear - http://www.ohaandroid.com
- Like Reply Link Flag


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March 6 2013 Talk Shows
March 6 talk shows were about perseverance and fuel from food. New York Giants coach Tom Coughlin, cancer survivor Valerie Harper, and TV chef Rachael Ray were among the guests, and here are highlights from the day's shows.
Kelly & Michael: Tom Coughlin "Earn the Right To Win" Book Review
New York Giants coach Tom Coughlin reunited with former player Michael Strahan this morning to discuss the coach's new book, Earn The Right To Win. What did the two have to talk about, and why did Coughlin write a book?
Kelly & Michael: Tom Coughlin "Earn the Right To Win" Book Review
The View Frozen Foods Reviews: Veggie Mama Garden Pops & Tandoor Chef
For Frozen Food Month, supermarket guru Phil Lempert shared some of the new and fresh frozen food ideas, such as Veggie Mama Garden Pops, which are frozen treats made from vegetables. Check out the other products featured on The View.
The View Frozen Food Reviews: Veggie Mama Garden Pops & Tandoor Chef
Today Show: Valerie Harper Brain Cancer
Beloved sitcom star Valerie Harper has revealed that she has a potentially terminal brain cancer diagnosis. The star of The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rhoda beat cancer once before, and she plans to undergo treatment for the diagnosis she received in January 2013.
Today Show Valerie Harper Brain Cancer & Zildjian 390-Year-Old Company
GMA: Rachael Ray Tex-Mex Bacon Cheeseburger Recipe & Chipotle Ketchup
Rachael Ray visited Good Morning America to share her Tex-Mex Bacon Cheeseburger recipe, complete with Chipotle Ketchup on the side. If that sounds delicious to you, click the link below and get the recipe for yourself.
GMA: Rachael Ray Tex-Mex Bacon Cheeseburger Recipe & Chipotle Ketchup
Dr Oz: Longevity Trifecta for Women
Dr Oz prescribed a Longevity Trifecta of three components he said could increase women's longevity. Find out what changes you can make to improve your odds of living longer and feeling stronger all the time.
Dr Oz: Longevity Trifecta for Women & Aspirin Lowers Cancer Risk 40%
Talk Show Recaps: March 6 2013
- Good Morning America: James Franco
- Today Show: Martha Stewart
- Kelly & Michael: Jennifer Love Hewitt
- The Chew: Meatloaf Recipes
- Ellen: Jessica Simpson
- Dr Oz: Kale Health Benefits
- Dr Phil: Violent Teens
- The Talk: The Big Bang Theory
- The View: Lea Michele