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Help on entry/vent arch
1 Attachment(s)
Howdy folks,
Getting close to starting the arch for my wfo, but want to make sure I understand the arch for entry and vent area for flue.
I am building a 42", attached pics below.
I choose to start landing walls, 4 courses high, then will start arch on top of this. I widened the landing, so it angles out to about 25" wide at the very front landing. The opening is 20", and I have 1" lip as recommended, making far side of landing 22" wide. My landing is 15" deep.
What is the best way to tackle the arches? Build the dome arch 1st, then make the entry arch, or do both at same time? I plan on making a form for the arches, should this be all one form, or should I make one for each?
How do you attach the dome arch to the landing arch and create the vent opening for the flue? it looks like some just mortar bricks together lengthwise, connecting arches together, and make a cut out for the vent area.
I plan on using a clay flue liner, but also tossing around using durvent, would I have to make a buttress if I go with clay liner do to the weight of clay flue?
Thanks in advance for any help!!!!
Take care,
Attachment 30683
Re: Help on entry/vent arch
Thanks Les for your pics on support for clay liner
Re: Help on entry/vent arch
I think most people find it easier to build the dome arch, then the dome, and then finish with the entry arch. I sure did. Gives you more room to maneuver as the dome goes up.
Re: Help on entry/vent arch
Thx Dennis
Re: Help on entry/vent arch
You have enough buttress to do it however you want. Building the inner arch first seems to be the more logical and practical method, as that then sets the dimensions for the transitional brick.
Re: Help on entry/vent arch
Thanks Tom! Looks like I will make inner arch, then outer later, good advice, thanks gents
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VIDEO: Sneak Peek - Vince Gill & More Real-Life Country Stars Guest on NASHVILLE
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On an upcoming episode of the ABC drama series Nashville titled "Dear Brother" - Juliette plans a surprise birthday party for Deacon, which is attended by real-life country stars Dan Auerbach (The Black Keys), Vince Gill, Pam Tillis, Kate York and Kip Moore. Get a first look below!
During the celebration, Rayna sings, backed up by Pam Tillis and Kate York as themselves, Watty White (JD Souther) and Adria (Erin McCarley). However, Juliette's own performance is derailed by her mother.
As Rayna and Teddy's divorce moves forward, the tabloids move in, speculating about Rayna's cheating and thrusting her children into the spotlight; Teddy decides to bring Peggy into his mayoral fold and holds a press conference to make it look like it's all business; and Gunnar's brother charms Scarlett with his singing, on "Nashville," Wednesday, February 27th on ABC. Subscribe to televisionpromos on YouTube for more Nashville season 1 promos in HD!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Given the approach of dry season which usually witnesses acute water shortages in most towns, the Littoral Regional Delegate of Public Health, Dr. Martin Yamba Beyas, has launched a warning campaign on preventive habits to be adopted against cholera. The overall objective is to educate the public on practising water purification methods.
This alert comes in the wake of rampant installation of water sales agents in major streets of the economic capital. This lucrative business that runs throughout the year sees its heydays during the dry season as scorching heat in Douala forces the city dwellers to consume more water than during other periods of the year. Reason therefore to question how and where they purchase drinking water.
Apart from tap water supplied by the national water distribution company, CDE, the consumption of bottled or sachet mineral water by well-to-do persons is an alternative. However, due to financial constraints, people who deemed it expensive, resort to yet another supply which is gaining grounds daily.
Austin D. is a water sales agent, based at Njo-Njo Street in the Bonapriso neighbourhood. For about five years now, on Mondays to Saturdays between 8am and 9pm, he spends his time at this crossroad. His daily occupation is fetching drinking water from a nearby tap (freely offered by a brewery enterprise as part of its corporate social responsibility), in 20-litre jugs.
A few metres away at Koumassi, precisely at Carrefour Prince Bell, two brothers, Atangana François and Ndeme Alain, earn a living out of this trade. Married with children, they spend all the days of the week on this occupational spot, alongside other persons who have created temporal structures on road pavements. They sell water ready for consumption in bottles ranging from 1,5 to 10 litres, costing FCFA 100 and FCFA 500 respectively. Talking to CT, they cited the use of detergents in disinfecting empty bottles bought at FCFA 25 or FCFA 35 each before use.
Other water sources include wells, boreholes and springs. Thus, it becomes predominant for the people to adopt effective treatment for water of doubtful source or quality. The first is by boiling. It entails putting water on fire until it starts boiling for at least 15 minutes and letting it cool before pouring in a clean container having a lid. The second method is by chlorination. This involves dropping a tea-spoon of chlorine bleach in 10 litres of water; shake properly and wait to settle for at least 30 minutes before consumption.


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I've been lurking around a few style blogs over the last few months and I'm just chomping at the bit to share them with you. You may have peeped a few of my pins of these seriously fashion-gifted ladies already, but I need for you, my blog friends, to stalk these ladies with me so we can drool over their ensembles together. I can only talk about their vintage finds, pattern mixing and accessories with myself for so long before I start to feel a little cray cray. So go on, click their pics, visit their sites and let's drool together. Friends don't let friends style stalk alone.
Style Stalking {The Good Kind}
Pingback: STREET STYLE STYLE STALKING IS BACK!! « Erica Matthews()


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The Vampire Diaries
The Vampire Diaries Speculation: Who's Elena Fighting With?
If you've seen the synopsis for The Vampire Diaries Season 4, Episode 16, "Bring It On," then you know that title might have nothing to do with Elena (Nina Dobrev) reclaiming her cheerleading past.
Sure, the new vampire picks up her pom poms again, but in addition to the rah-rahing and feeding on rivals, Elena is also throwing a party.
Frankly, we think throwing a high school party is a terrible idea. Inevitably, someone breaks your mom's bust of Elvis or spills red wine on her suede outfit and you have to come up with the cash to replace it. We've seen it a million times (on reruns of Saved by the Bell).
Luckily, the kids of Mystic Falls don't have to worry about things that. Their main concern is not getting seriously injured by one of their supernatural classmates. According to the episode synopsis, someone should definitely be concerned: Elena gets into an "ugly fight" at her own bash.
It could just be some random, innocent Mystic Falls student, but what if the baby bloodsucker gets into it with one of her own crew? Look at this picture of Caroline (Candice Accola). Something certainly has Vampire Barbie fuming.
She and Elena have been sparring all season, ever since they discovered the newbie is sired to Damon (Ian Somerhalder). While Elena insists her feelings for the elder Salvatore are real, Caroline, a clear Stelena 'shipper, thinks her friend has been brainwashed by the bond. And now that Blondie's bestie has turned off her emotions, it seems like the gulf between them might widen.
"You're feeding on the competition?" a stunned Caroline asks Elena in the promo video. The in-control vampire clearly disapproves.
But we love Car and Elena's friendship, so this is one theory we definitely hope will be debunked!


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Tintagel Castle, Tintagel
Tintagel with Kids
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Castle Road
Tintagel Castle overview
Tintagel Castle is spectacularly located on a rocky peninsula over the Atlantic. Beneath the castle are caves steeped in infamous Arthurian legend. Above, the remains of the thirteenth century castle is the perfect backdrop to the myths and magic of King Arthur's classic tale. The English Heritage owned castle is spread over the jutting cliffs and the mainland – between is a narrow bridge. ... The remains of the great hall are evident, as well as rooms and archways. Much has been eroded but the ruins are gloriously covered in wild flowers in season and the crystal blue ocean provides an exhilarating backdrop. Cars must park in the village and there is a rather steep walk to the castle, however a Landrover service is available during summer months to ferry people to and fro. Access to the castle for buggies and wheelchairs is not possible due to the number of very steep steps. There is a souvenir shop onsite.
King Arthur rules!
29 Jul 2011
Visited with: Child, Teenager
We visit Tintagel Castle every time we go to Cornwall because it really captures the children's imagination. The setting is spectacular and it is very easy to believe in magic and legend as you climb the steep and sometimes precarious steps! You could spend the whole day exploring all the trails and footpaths, and the small cove at low tide. My son bought "Excalibur" at the souvenir shop and perfected his swordsmanship as we walked. The site is not easily accessible by pushchairs so may be difficult with very young children – especially if you end up having to carry them! The paths also get very slippery when wet, so travel light! The children certainly deserved their ice creams on the way back. We'll go again, and again....
Tags: adventure, walking,
Tintagel Castle
02 Dec 2010
Visited with: Child
Tintagel Castle in North Cornwall is thought to be the castle and birthplace of the legend of King Arthur, Merlin the Magician, Excaliber (the sword in the stone and all that) and the Knight's of the Round Table. The castle itself is now mainly in ruins but the dramatic landscape in which it is located is simply beautiful. I visited the town when I was very young with my parents purely to see the castle because of my love of the legend but the weather in Cornwall was so poor the castle had been cut off from the main land. This is common as it is situated on one of the most dramatic coastlines in Britain. I returned in later life to get up to the castle and have a look around. There isn't much to actually see but it is one of those magnificent places that bring legend and history alive. Please be aware that the path to the castle is not easy going. Its uneven and is close to large drops and therefore I would advise against taking toddlers and push chairs. However, for more grown up children it's a must!
Tags: history
40 Reviews
1 Compliments
Tintagel Castle
13 May 2010
Visited with: Child
I had a great day out here with my nephew (10 yrs)! There are a lot of steps! It is also very steep. I would say it might not be the best place for small children. However, we really enjoyed the 'great hall' and my nephew loved the bridge over the rocky cliff where the rest of the ruins are. It was fun to try to imagine what the castle would have looked like in the middle ages! Also, we spent some time watching the sea birds and wish we had brought a bird book with us! A local told us that you can occasionally spot seals from here. After the trip we took the path back to the village and found an ice cream van that sold homemade lavender ice cream! A real treat!
Tintagel Castel
03 May 2010
Visited with: Child
I used to come to Tintagel Castle quite regularly, before children, however, when the kids were very young I was simply too worried to take them by such steep cliff edges. Now I have been with some of our friend's children who are older and who have really enjoyed the location. The steps are very steep and quite tiring, but the castle is set in such incredible surroundings – you can see all the way up and down the Cornish coast, and blue ocean looks so beautiful. We bought a book about the legend and the kids all had fun playing out the characters. You can also visit the caves underneath, when the tide is low, which we all loved!
Sorry! 'We haven't got round to updating the facilities for this place yet.
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Attlee | Clement Richard | 1883-1967 | 1st Earl Attlee, Prime Minister of Great Britain
Biographical Information
Occupation, Sphere of Activity
Clement Richard Attlee (1883-1967), Labour prime minister of Britain from 1945-1951, presided over one of the most radical peacetime administrations in Britain's history. Born into a prosperous family (his father was a solicitor), Attlee went to private schools then to University College, Oxford, from which he graduated with a second-class degree. The turning point in his life came when he visited a boys' club in London's East End, which was supported by his old school. The squalor he saw converted him from a conservative into a socialist. In 1907, he became the manager of the club and settled in the area. In 1908, he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP), a precursor of the modern Labour Party, and soon after became a lecturer in social administration at Sidney Webb's London School of Economics (LSE).
Unlike many of his contemporaries in the Labour movement, Attlee was not a pacifist, and he fought in the Middle East and in France (where he was wounded) in World War 1. His breakthrough in politics occurred shortly after the end of the war, when the council of the London borough of Stepney elected him mayor. Attlee joined the House of Commons in 1922 and served as under-secretary of state for war in the short-lived Labour administration of 1924. He also held several posts in the 1929 government. When, in 1931, Prime Minister James Ramsay MacDonald ended the Labour government in order to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives, Attlee joined the majority of his party in disowning MacDonald's actions and going into opposition. The Labour meltdown of the 1931 election - when the total number of Labour and allied MPs dropped to just 52 - turned out to be a blessing in disguise for Attlee, as he was one of the few remaining high-profile Labour MPs, and became deputy leader under George Lansbury (1859-1940). During the 1935 election campaign, Lansbury resigned over his anti-war views, leaving the road clear for Attlee to take control. He remained leader for 20 years.
Attlee's important role in government came during World War 2. Having edged (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) out of office, the Labour party joined a coalition administration under Winston Churchill (1874-1965) in which several Labour MPs played key roles. In 1942, Attlee rose to become deputy prime minister, a job he carried out with much skill, though his careful and understated style contrasted with Churchill's charismatic flamboyance.
In the 1945 election, much to Attlee's surprise, the Labour party won a substantial majority after campaigning for a "Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain". The following six years of government saw radical changes from the style of government of the pre-war years. Many industries were nationalised, the embryonic welfare state was enlarged, and free healthcare was introduced, as well as major reforms in education, finance and urban planning. The statist policies of wartime were, if anything, extended, and Britain saw what was probably its only true socialist government. The election of 1951 sent a mixed message. Labour's vote was the largest ever received by a British political party, but the complexity of the "first past the post" electoral system allowed his wartime colleague Churchill to return to power despite getting less votes. After a further defeat in 1955, Attlee resigned the leadership of the Labour Party. He was immediately elevated to the House of Lords.
It is said that Attlee's skills were in detailed committee work and making people with conflicting opinions and personalities work together, rather than particular administrative skills. Nonetheless, despite the disastrous final 20 months of his government after the indecisive 1950 election (when several cabinet ministers resigned because of the introduction of NHS charges and the prosecution of the Korean War, denting Labour's wafer-thin majority), Attlee remains one of the more successful British prime ministers of the 20th Century.
No relevant relationships.
Other Significant Information
Notable publications:
The Labour Party in Perspective, (
As it Happened (
Honours, Qualifications and Appointments
1919: Elected Mayor, London Borough of Stepney
1922-1950: Elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Limehouse
1924: Appointed Under-Secretary of State for War
1930: Appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1935-1955: Elected Leader of the Labour Party
1940: Appointed Lord Privy Seal
1942-1945: Appointed Deputy Prime Minister
1943: Appointed Lord President of the Council
1945-1951: Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain
1955: Awarded Earldom
List of sources for the biographical information:
Encyclopaedia Britannica, (


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Design / Craft
Secure Influence
In a former jail, now home to the American College of Building Arts, students are learning traditional restoration techniques and preserving their city of Charleston, South Carolina, in the process. David Kaufman visits the school offering hands-on building experience, which included the renovation of its HQ, the Old Jail.
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- Ross Mantle
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Making a point
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THE MONOCLE BRIEFINGS: Craftsmanship
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Weirdest Sea Creatures
You've seen my previous post about World's Weirdest Creatures. Now what you're going to see is the other surreal creatures that inhabit the oceanic depths, which we have only explored a tiny fraction.
Article is based on material from Chan Lee Peng, written by Avi Abrams.
Leafy Sea Dragon
Photo Jeffrey N. Jeffords
Photo Namisan
A Leafy Sea Dragon (phycodurus eques) has long leaf-like protrusions all over its body, serving as camouflage among different types of floating seaweeds of kelp beds. Neither prey nor predators recognize it as a fish.
Photo Steve
It's found along the coastline of Australia. A fully grown leafy sea dragon can reach about 45 cm (18 inch). During mating, the female deposits up to 250 bright pink eggs onto a special "brood patch" on the underside of the tail of the male where they are attached and fertilized.
Photo James D. Watt/J.H. Editorial via Feuillu
A most distinguished portrait, worthy to be framed :
Photo nascity
Umbrella Mouth Gulper Eel
Photo Bruce Robison
The Umbrella Mouth Gulper Eel (Eurypharynx Pelecanoides) can open its "Umbrella Mouth" to Pelican-like proportion, accommodating prey much larger than its size.
Photo John Kealy
Photo captbluefin
Plus it can stretch and expand its stomach. The Eel itself can be almost one meter in length, and if it starts expanding. This means it can swallow and devour something more than 1.5 meters long.
Firefly Squid
This squid sees the world in color. And it makes deep-blue pretty light itself.
Photo Phil Livelsberger
The Firefly Squid (Watasenia Scintillans), also called the Sparkling Enope Squid has special deep-blue light producing organs called photophores. By flashing the lights on and off, it can attract prey before trapping it with its tentacles. It's also only cephalopod species which have color vision!
Photo Pink Tentacle
Each year off the coast of Toyama Bay, Japan, billions of these tiny squids will gather to spawn, creating a cool light show.
Photo Wolaver
Photo David Forcucci
The Viperfish (Chauliodus Sloani) can grow to over half a meter in size, which is simply not a comforting thought. Again, it attracts its prey with luminescent spots running from throat to tail, and attracts curious humans, who can not refrain from sticking a finger in its jaws to see what happens.
Photo kccornell
Viperfish can go without food for days. Beware of the sharp fangs, even if it's dead.
Photo Neil Creek
Angler Fish
Here is Angler Fish, with its stomach in its mouth. Decompression caused the stomach to invert.
Photo Neil Creek
The male who is a lot smaller than the female bites into her and he actually becomes fused to the female for the rest of his life. In deep water environments, this allow them to have a higher success rate in breeding where finding a mate can be difficult.
Fangtooth or Ogre Fish
Winner of the Deep Abyss Beauty Contest last year.
Photo Shane Warne
A Fangtooth (Anoplogaster Cornuta) or Ogre Fish, dwells mostly in the waters off the coast of Australia. By the way, the waters off Australia seem to teem with all kinds of monsters. It may be ferocious-looking, but it's actually quite small – a maximum length of 17 cm.
Photo Kim Jinsuk
Photo Norbert Wu
Its head contains several mucous cavities separated by serrated ridges. Its lower 94 mm teeth are engineered to neatly slide into mouth pockets, when the fish decides to close the gaping jaw.
Photo Mark McGrouther
It is one of the deepest living organisms found yet. It seems to enjoy water temperatures near freezing state.
Photo ReefNews
A Hatchetfish has extremely thin body, resembling the blade of a hatchet, and tubular large eyes that are permanently fixed looking upwards. This helps them to search for food failling from above. It also gives them a psychotic look, with eyes rolled up and stuck there.
Photo NOAA Ocean Explorer
Light-producing photophores are used in a defensive behaviour called counter-lighting. Hatchetfish are abundant in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
Christmas Tree Worm
Photo José Eduardo Silva
Photo Peter Forster
The Christmas Tree Worm (Spirobranchus Giganteus) is a small polychaete worm most often found in the Black Forest Reef and other reefs near Grand Turk. They hide in the tubes, stick out their heads, and when threatened, pull their heads back into the tube. The feather-like tentacles resembling twin "Christmas Trees" are called radioles. They filter the plankton for food, aid in respiration, and allow this worm to sing Christmas carols, very very softly.
Photo ReefNews
The tube extends down across the surface of this Giant Star Coral. Each bump on the surface of the coral is one animal, called a polyp. Each Star Coral polyp was nearly 1/4 of an inch wide.
Photo ReefNews
You can see the "antennae" on the top of this worm's head. These two "antennae", called Radioles, work like a net to catch tiny plankton that float by in the ocean currents. The Radioles also work like gills, allowing the worm to breathe.
Giant Basket Star
Photo Ellen Muller
Photo Happy Mermaid
The Giant Basket Star (Astrophyton Muricatum) is an early Mesozoic invertebrate, often found around British Virgin Islands. During the day, it curls up into a tight ball shape to protect itself from predators. At night, it climbs to an elevated point to feed on plankton by extending its intricately-branched feeding arms in a bowl-like shape. Then, it coils around its prey and the tiny hooks along the length of these arms will prevent its prey from escaping.
Here is another variety of Astrophyton, simply astounding in its classical beauty :
Photo Haeckel Ophiodea
Furry Sea Cucumber
Photo Nathan
Photo Sean
The Furry Sea Cucumber (Astichopus Multifidus) can be seen crawling or rolling over the sea floor of the Caribbean, Bahamas, and Florida. If you tear it to pieces trying to find out what it is, it would not really mind. They can regenerate their body tissues. Potentially filling the ocean floor with furry cucumbers.
Photo Lee Boxall
Flamingo Tounge Snail
Photo Laszlo Ilyes
Photo Courtney Platt
The Flamingo Tounge Snail (Cyphoma Gibbosumn) is a small, colorful sea snail which lives on various species of soft corals in the Caribbean. This creature almost literally wears its heart (soul and colors) on its sleeve. The pretty color you see in these images is not in snail's shell. Rather, it's in a layer of live mantle tissue, connected to its foot. The snail pushes it out to cover the shell. The mantle tissue also works like a fish's gill.
When the snail is attacked, the mantle (and colors) are withdrawn. So you might say, this is the only marine animal that literally turns pale in fright.
Photo Doug Finney
And they're only beautiful with all that color while they're alive. The dead ones are just ugly white shells.
Piglet Squid
Piglet Squid (Helicocranchia) caught off the shores of Nigeria.
Photo Alan Kinnear
This oceanic squids are small (100 mm ML), characterized by having a very large funnel and small paddle-like fins that attach to a portion of the gladius that rises above the muscular mantle. They exhibit a gradual ontogenetic descent from near-surface waters as paralarvae to lower mesopelagic depths as near-adults.
via : Dark Roasted Blend


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Overall, others give this:
Overall Rating Breakdown:
Reviewers may have received a benefit, like a sweepstakes entry or rewards program points, in exchange for writing a review.
Those benefits were not conditioned on the positive or negative content of the review.
Dixon, IL
I bought the Country Living decorated stamped scroll napkin rings because I was attracted to the rustic design and the antique finish. I origionally intended to use these napkin rings to go with an antique picnic set that I have. The set had everything but napkins and napkin rings and because of their antique finish, these rings go perfectly with the picnic set. I liked the way they looked so much that I ended up buying two more boxes of them to go with my other Country Living table linens. I have gotten alot of compliments on them and someone even thought they were actually vintage napkin rings. The rings are made well and I love that every ring is unique because the chipped off paint on every one will be different. They are made of a sturdy metal and they fit nice and tight over the silverware. They could even be used as a decoration in a clear bowl or vase! Overall, I would recommend them and give them five stars for their vintage design, and sturdiness.


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Restaurants in Whistler
Restaurants in Whistler range from takeout joints to luxurious, fine-dining establishments. The on-slope food served on the mountains is both varied and tasty. High-altitude Whistler restaurant options include bowls of udon noodles, salmon steak, and enormous whip-cream smothered waffles, along with the more traditional fast-food fare.
Visitors looking for a good place to splurge should make a reservation at Araxi Restaurant & Bar. Considered to be one of the best restaurants in Whistler, Araxi serves up inventive dishes made from local, freshly sourced ingredients, which are complemented by the restaurant's extensive 15,000 bottle wine selection. While entry options are delicious, save room for desert. The restaurant's playful take on the traditional cheesecake shouldn't be missed.
Those in search of more casual Whistler restaurants should consider Purebread. It's a popular brunch spot renowned for its baked goods, including salted caramel bars and sour cherry chocolate chip cookies. Rimrock Café is a restaurant beloved by locals for its seafood (don't leave without sampling the seared scallops) and down-to-earth atmosphere.


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Abstract: GatheringsReza ZadehThe gatherings for young adult ministries can be vastly different. After looking atmany different models of young adult ministries all over the country and eventhe world, I have seen that the type of gathering really isn't important, yet the
Download the ebook
Reza Zadeh
The gatherings for young adult ministries can be vastly different. After looking at
many different models of young adult ministries all over the country and even
the world, I have seen that the type of gathering really isn't important, yet the
important thing for young adults is that there are other young adults available
for them to connect with.
Last semester we had a student from the local college ask me if he could do his
Senior Thesis on our young adult community. He was an Anthropology major
and he wanted to find out why people came week after week. He thought that
people would say that it was the great technology, graphics or videos. Or
maybe the lights that we use, or the facility we meet in or the teaching that they
hear. Yet his findings were very different, he found that people came back
week after week because their friends were there and they could connect with
other young adults. So just "build it and they will come".
The following are some suggestions on gatherings that may inspire you to start
something within your church. We always say, "Don't try to start something
great, just start something."
Sunday School Class
• Some of our churches are doing a great job reaching young
adults in our weekend worship services but for some reason
there isn't an organized gathering for young adults. Consider
starting some sort of Sunday School class specifically for
young adults. The content of the class isn't that important,
the important thing is that young adults want to journey with
other young adults. Provide a class on a New Testament
book of the Bible and focus the teaching on how they can
apply the principles in their lives as young adults. The
important thing with this generation is that there is plenty of
time for interaction. Think about putting the group at round
tables and let them discuss what they have just learned in
the teaching (Either have someone teaching live or find a
DVD driven teaching curriculum). Topical studies are great
as well. Topics that are good in this environment are: Dating,
relationships, work environment, Identity in Christ, Prayer,
Finances, etc…..
Weekly Bible Study
• How bout a weekly Bible Study focused on Young Adults.
This can be at the church in a class room, at the home of a
young adult or at the home of a host couple at the church
who just loves young adults. A coffee shop or bakery is also
a great place for a Bible Study to meet. These can be as
informal as people bringing a Bible and asking questions or
having a set curriculum for people to study. The Bible Study
leaders can be other young adults, a Pastor at the church,
or an older mentor couple who has a heart for young adults.
For us in our ministry the latter has worked the best. Our
young people love that their Small Group leaders are in their
50's. They have often been believers longer than the young
adults have been Christians. It is a great dynamic and one
that I hope you would consider opening your young adults
up to.
• The night of the week is not that important. Sunday night is a
great night, but people have usually been to church that
morning and Sunday nights are usually set aside for
preparation for the week or for homework. We have seen
that Friday nights work well too, but typically are not a great
night to reach out to non-believers. Whatever night you
choose will have pros and cons, you are going to have to
pick a night and go with it.
Monthly / Quarterly Saturday morning Breakfast / Devotional
• These can be a lot more informal and something that may
develop friendships and relationships in a more organic way.
Find a room in the church or pick a local restaurant and let
all the young adults of your church know that you will be
meeting there for breakfast on a Saturday morning and
share a short devotional and allow the young adults to
discuss how the principles of the devotional impact their
lives. This can be done monthly or even quarterly. This is a
great supplement to a gropu that is just starting and getting
off the ground. Maybe start this a few months before you
launch a new gathering, Sunday School class or small group.
Men / Women focused gatherings on Friday nights
• This would be a great way to get young adults started as
they build a new community. Young Adults in their 20's and
30's are typically single (or else they would be in the
marriage groups) and have a lot of opinions on the opposite
sex. However they often miss the fact that they also need to
grow as Godly men and Women. Think about starting
separate weekly gatherings on Friday nights (or another
night) that focuses specifically on gender specific issues. You
will really get the conversation going if you bring up what is
expected of a Godly Man / Godly Woman. If you really
want to start a dynamic conversation amongst the young
adults of your church then mix them up after a few sessions
and allow them to talk about what they have learned.
Weekly or Monthly Worship / Prayer service
• See if the sanctuary of the church would be available on a
night that the church does not usually meet and see if you
can have a worship service in the sanctuary. If there is
another room in the church that would be great as well. It
would be great if the young adults could have some say in
the aesthetics of the room. This does not have to be a fancy
gathering, just some people to lead in some worship music,
someone to teach or facilitate the teaching / conversation
and a time for the young adults to come before God in
prayer. It is that simple. Some young adult ministries are very
elaborate in the way that their community meets, and it
works great for those ministries, but don't allow yourself to do
what would reach your community.
After church fellowship group
• Maybe Young Adults already attend the weekend service
but you want to get people together but don't know if a
Sunday School class would be right for this group. Make a
few announcements and tell the young adults that others
are heading to a certain restaurant after the late service on
Sunday for lunch. Pick a restaurant and keep it consistent. It
can be weekly or you can say that the 1st Sunday of the
month the young adults are going to Denny's after church.
There is something about food that opens up the doors of
Once a month activity group
• Pick 12 activities for the year and get some people to help
you plan them. They don't have to be that often, just give
people a few weeks notice and get them together for some
fun. (See activities section for ideas)
The most important thing is for you to read your church and your community. For
us we have a lot of young adults at our weekly church services so we started
with a Bible Study because the young adults didn't need another environment.
Yet we grew to the point where our Bible Study has grown into a service
environment. Find out what the young adults of your community are doing and
minister there.
- Related pdf books
- Application No. ASSEMBLIES OF GOD U.S. MISSIONS VEHICLE ...
- Policy Manual
- Investing in Hope of a Return
- Nomination Form
- Girl Daybook
- Coming events: Phelps Grove Park Pavilion, Springfield MO is ...
- Hearing God Are You Ready
- AGUSM Retirement Information
- College students encouraged to register to vote
- Prayer Calendar January 2012
- Luna the Lamb Puzzle
- 53rd Session of
- Units can be completed in four weeks which means visitors can
- Popular epubs
- District Gatherings September 2010
- Family Gatherings
- Family Gatherings Family Gatherings Family Gatherings Family ...
- Faaaamily Gatherings mily Gatherings mily Gatherings mily ...
- PARISH COFFEE HOUSE Gatherings
- Gatherings
- The Mystical Gatherings Newsletter
- Family Gatherings
- Family Gatherings
- Regional Gatherings
- Amir Amel‐Zadeh, July 2011
- Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and


text:
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text:
An adapter device for providing the user a remote access point for supporting interaction between the device and one or more target devices supporting one or more of several communication protocols for automotive and industrial automation applications employing user-selectable protocols, such as multiplexed communication networks.
1. A multi-protocol adapter for communicating with one or more remote computers over any one of a plurality of protocols, the adapter comprising:
an integrated CPU including an embedded operating system, said operating system including software interface modules and device drivers for one or more of interrogating, monitoring, retrieving data, downloading data, recording data, revising data and performing diagnostics over any one of the plurality of protocols, wherein the operating system is capable of simultaneously communicating with the one or more computers running different protocols; and
a plurality of daughter board interface slots for accepting at least one daughter board interface modules for expanding the protocols of the multi-protocol adapter.
2. The multi-protocol adapter according to
3. The multi-protocol adapter according to
means for defining communication routines between the adapter and a client via a host device, and
means for communicating between the adapter and the client after definition of communication routines between the adapter and the client.
4. The multi-protocol adapter according to
a TCP/IP connection established between two software elements, the connection of serial multiplex network messages between software entities being generalized without knowledge of a specific type of multiplex network.
5. The multi-protocol adapter according to
a server program handling communications between a source entity and a destination entity.
6. The multi-protocol adapter according to
at least one of message scheduler, a message responder, a message filter or a script loader.
7. The multi-protocol adapter according to
an on-board web server.
8. The multi-protocol adapter according to
communication between users of the adapter and the adapter via a web browser technology.
9. The multi-protocol adapter according to
10. The multi-protocol adapter according to
11. The multi-protocol adapter according to
12. A multi-protocol adapter for communicating with one or more remote computers over any one of a plurality of protocols, the adapter comprising:
an integrated CPU having an embedded operating system, said operating system including software interface modules and device drivers for one or more of interrogating, monitoring, retrieving data, downloading data, recording data, revising data and performing diagnostics over any one of the plurality of protocols, wherein the operating is capable of simultaneously communicating with the one or more computers running different protocols;
the CPU having simultaneous interaction between at least one multiple device using multiple protocols;
at least one daughter board having interconnect slots;
an interface for interconnection of the at least one daughterboard;
a serial port for diagnostics and system maintenance;
a flash socket for storage of system software;
a slot for connection of a peripheral;
a socket for connection of RAM;
an interface for connection of system RAM;
an interface for connection of mass-storage devices;
a battery for clock and configuration memory backup;
an infrared serial interface; and
a piezoelectric speaker.
This application is based on Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/186,533 filed Mar. 2, 2000.
The field of the invention pertains to in-vehicle and industrial communications networks for diagnostics, analysis and monitoring. Multiplex communication networks are used in automotive and industrial automation applications. However, the ability was needed to access, monitor, control and modify/update, any and all functions or capabilities of another device utilizing such communication networks.
The device is a hardware/software system that provides a programmable gateway between many types of automotive/industrial serial multiplex networks and Ethernet-connected computers and networking equipment. This hardware/software combination provides user applications with the ability to perform control, transmit and receive operations on such automotive and industrial multiplex networks.
User applications may reside either on the hardware device itself (in a stand-alone manner) or on remote computers with connectivity to one or more of the hardware units via the Ethernet and the TCP/IP protocol. Use of TCP/IP protocol and Ethernet ensure compatibility with a wide range of existing networks and computing equipment.
User applications include, but are not limited to, network monitors and analyzers, diagnostic programs, gateway/routers between one or more of the supported networks, multiplex network node and/or vehicle simulators, and general engineering tools.
The hardware/software supports multiple simultaneous client applications. Duplicate streams of the multiplex network data are sent to all interested client applications.
A predefined set of services are available via the default hardware/software configuration. These services include multiplex message scheduling functions, message filtering functions, simple message gatewaying and autoresponding functions, and client transmit/receive access to all data frames present on any of the supported multiplex network interfaces.
The invention is a device (or adapter or instrument) for providing the user a remote access point for interaction between the device and one or more target devices running one or more of several communication protocols supported by this device. As described above, automotive and industrial automation applications employ such protocols (also known as multiplexed communication networks).
The device of the invention advantageously provides the user with the ability to access, monitor, control and modify/update, any and all functions or capabilities of another device utilizing the same communication protocol that the user has selected. The user is able to control these functions as a result of a unique communication dialogue established between this device and the target device.
The device has the capability of simultaneous interaction with multiple devices utilizing multiple protocols. Interactive control capability established with the target device, includes (but is not limited to), the following functions: interrogating, monitoring, retrieving data, downloading data, recording data, revising/updating data, performing diagnostics and revising/updating the operating program of the target device.
Daughtercard interface modules are based on the ISA Interconnect Standard even though they utilize small, space-saving connectors (as opposed to the standard ISA board-edge interconnections). As a result, they occupy a much smaller and more compact area, than would otherwise be possible for a standard plug-in module utilizing the ISA format.
Daughtercard interface modules can be plug-in modules to provide support for the following protocols: SAE J1850 (GM, Ford and Chrysler versions), UBP (Ford), CCD (Chrysler), SCI (Chrysler), CAN, SAE J1587, J1939, J2284 (high speed CAN), J2411 (single wire CAN), ISO 11992, 9141-2 and KWP2000.
New communication protocols may be added to the device capabilities at any time by creating a new daughtercard module for supporting the new protocol.
System Attributes
Daughtercard interface modules provide the user with automatic detection capability for all of the designated communication protocols. This allows the user the flexibility of choosing a "mix or match" combination of the various protocols, i.e., three of the same, or three different protocols. More daughter cards can be added as necessary to support more channels.
The device is also capable of functioning as a "stand-alone" network interface, without the need for a keyboard, monitor, or host PC. Multi-protocol networks, such as IDB networks or those multi-protocol networks accessed via a universal gateway, may have unique access and/or diagnostic requirements.
The device's ability to simultaneously access and interact with multiple devices/protocols, automatically provides the device with the compatibility required for an access tool or diagnostic tool for multi-protocol networks. The device uses an Ethernet connection to provide the high-speed communications interface that is necessary for interaction with the newer, high-throughput protocols.
Another capability of the device is its ability to reliably monitor, sample, evaluate and manipulate the real-time data usually associated with these high-speed protocols.
The device maximizes flexibility by ensuring compatibility with hardware interfaces and other network tools commonly used in conjunction with these supported network protocols.
Communication Protocol
Communication between the device server, clients, plug-in applications and protocol stacks occurs by means of a communication protocol (hereafter referred to as the device communication protocol, or CP). CP provides a mechanism for the communication of serial multiplex network messages between software entities in such a way that knowledge of the specific format of the messages of a specific type of multiplex network is not required. The serial multiplex networks involved are automotive and/or industrial automation networks, including but not limited to CAN (ISO11898, GM Single-wire, and others), J1850 (GM, Ford and Chrysler variants), Keyword Protocol 2000, and various other UART-based protocols.
This generalized representation of the frames of such serial networks allows communication of frames from an arbitrary arrangement of similar or differing networks within a consistently formatted connection between a client and server. Consequently, this generalized representation of the frames of such serial networks also allows for use and interpretation of such multiplex network frames by a client that has no previous knowledge of the types or formats of the multiplex network frames that it will receive; all relevant format and decoding information is contained within the client/server communication. Moreover, this generalization of differing types of multiplex network traffic facilitates communication between software and a multi-protocol device such as the device hardware.
CP also incorporates mechanisms to allow control, status and event information communication between the client and server software entities. This inclusion allows for a uniform communication environment between software entities within the device system, regardless of whether these entities are servers, clients, or plug-in applications or protocol handlers.
CP is typically embedded within a TCP/IP connection between two software elements (the server, clients, etc.). CP is a frame based protocol. Each CP frame consists of the following elements:
A frame header that contains information about the required routing of the frame; the identity of the source entity and of the destination entity are specified. This header also contains an indication of the frame type, as well as the length of the entire frame. A frame-type specific header contains information specific to the frame type specified in the frame header. An optional payload for which the format or presence/absence of a payload depends on the frame type specified in the frame header.
Five frame types are herein defined, although more are easily envisioned. Some frame types are as follows.
The software components of the device hardware/software combination implement the device Communication Protocol and facilitate communication between multiplex networks, plug-in applications and protocols, and client applications. The general software architecture of the components of the device software system involved in the handling of the functionality is outlined in this description.
The software that resides on the device hardware platform consists of the following types of components:
The server program that implements the device Communication protocol. The server program handles communication between clients and other parts of the device software. The server acts primarily as a message router, routing GC Protocol frames between source entities and destination entities as specified by the routing information contained within each GC Protocol frame. The server communicates with device drivers by means of standard Unix character device interfaces.
Multiplex network hardware device drivers that are software modules to implement hardware access methods for each supported multiplex network hardware type. A separate loadable device driver module exists for each type of device daughtercard; each daughtercard may implement one or more multiplex network interfaces. These modules provide a uniform software interface method to non-uniform types of hardware interfaces. Interface to specific hardware is accomplished by means of memory or I/O space interfaces and system interrupts.
Message responder module provides user-definable message gatewaying functionality. It allows any arbitrary CP frame to be sent on receipt of any other arbitrary CP frame. Received frame matching is determined based on a user-defined filter definition that includes AND, OR, magnitude comparison, and bit mask/match operations.
Message filter module controls filtering of received multiplex network messages. The filter module allows individual client applications to choose the nature of the messages they receive based on a filter specification for each multiplex network channel that includes AND, OR, magnitude comparison, and bit mask/match operations.
Script loader module allows for the controlled download, management and activation of user-defined scripts. These scripts are typically generated by means of an external front-end editor/compiler software package.
The device hardware platform consists of a motherboard and zero or more multiplex protocol daughtercards. The device motherboard implements a modified PC architecture. This architecture includes the following elements and peripheral devices:
The motherboard can include the following components.
A power supply card provides three DC-DC converters that provide the device hardware platform's required supply voltages (3.3VDC, 5VDC and 12VDC). The supported input voltage range is between 6VDC and 35VDC; the circuit provides protection against incorrect or reverse-polarity input voltages.
Daughtercards interface to the motherboard by means of card interface slots on the motherboard. Each slot implements a modified ISA interface. Up to three daughtercards may be installed at a time. The daughtercards include (but are not limited to) implementations of the following interfaces:
Each daughtercard includes a connector that mates with the motherboard daughtercard slot connector on one end and a multiplex network connector on the other. The daughtercards are physically mounted in such a way that the multiplex network connector protrudes through the back panel of the hardware unit. Each daughtercard also includes programmable logic that implements the ISA target interface and provides internal registers and other card resources. Each card includes a serial eeprom that contains the type, serial number, and security and licensing information for that card.
The optically isolated cards provide fiberoptic connections that carry relevant network signals; these optical signals are converted back to the desired multiplex network signals by means of small battery-operated satellite modules specific to the desired multiplex network.
The device protocol structure employs the standard Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) services in such a manner to ensure the inter-operability of the device with existing PCs and standard network interfaces.
Another unique feature of the device allows the user to remotely reprogram or revise the device operating software via flash card. The operating software may be upgraded by replacing selected programs, or segments of the software, or replaced in its entirety.
The PC card (PCMCIA) slots provide for a backup by allowing the user to transfer data from the flash card to a "temporary" storage media, thus maintaining the original program integrity while making revisions to the device program.
Also, this same feature allows the user to update the device's resident data base, in the event that such a data base has been created for use as a reference or for some other purpose.
The device incorporates an on-board web server. This allows users to communicate with the device and perform functions via a web browser with HTML.
Other browser technologies that can be supported include XML and WML (for hand-held palm devices or WML enabled cell phones).
Another key feature is the ability to perform a remote flash memory update to the device.
These and other advantages and features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description when read with in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to like elements throughout the several views, in which:
Now turning to the drawings, circuits of the protocol adapter are thereshown in schematic in
The operating software is depicted in a block diagram in
Hardware autodetection and configuration software 11 detect the types of multiplex protocol daughtercards installed in the device hardware platform at runtime. Thereafter appropriate device driver modules 2, 2, etc. are loaded for support of installed cards, as well as any configuration that is needed for each individual card. Detection of card identity is performed through the reading of serial eeproms located on each card by means of a dedicated serial interface 12. The eeproms contain card type and serial number as well as licensing and security information. All information gathered from installed cards in this manner is made available to the server program 1.
Plug-in software module Message scheduler 3 provides a user-controllable multiplex network message scheduler. Lists of messages, sublists, iteration counts, and iteration periods are specified by client applications. The message scheduler tracks multiple schedules and notifies client programs via events when schedules complete. Message scheduling is performed by means of a real-time hardware clock and associated services 10 provided by the operating system.
Message responder 5 provides user-definable message gatewaying functionality. It allows any arbitrary CP frame to be sent on receipt of any other arbitrary CP frame. Received frame matching is determined based on a user-defined filter definition that includes AND, OR, magnitude comparison, and bit mask/match operations.
Message filter 4 controls filtering of received multiplex network messages. The filter module allows individual client applications to choose the nature of the messages they receive based on a filter specification for each multiplex network channel that includes AND, OR, magnitude comparison, and bit mask/match operations.
Script loader (not shown in
Now turning to
Daughtercard interface slots (
Now turning to
Ethernet interface is shown in
ATA interface provides an attachment point for mass storage devices (
Programmable logic block (CPLD) provides programmable logic space (
It is to be understood that the device herein described could be employed for uses and purposes beyond those described. The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiment of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not with this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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Underboning the World - 2 Symbas, 1 Couple, No Sense
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Studly Adventurer
Joined: Jul 2007
Location: Back in PDX again!
Oddometer: 728
8/2 Hagerman, Idaho to Hoback Junction, WY
We awoke to an overcast morning, and the lack of sunlight coupled with the hard ride the previous day made for a slow start to the day. After firing up the Coleman 442, I unrolled my tarp and got to work on the bikes. Both bikes needed a chain adjustment and quick lube. The oil level was still mid-dipstick on both bikes, but Res exhaust header nuts were slightly loose. Re also needed a couple of psi in the front and rear tires. We eventually got everything packed up, and a shower and coffee gave us the necessary kick in the pants we needed to get back on the road. We rode back to Bliss, Idaho and fueled up at the gas station where we ate the previous evening. We also enjoyed another breakfast standing bikeside, but this time of some pretty damned good breakfast burritos from the same place. Re also took the opportunity to add a couple of Clif bars and some trail mix to her daypack so we would at least have something to snack on if we couldnt find lunch again. Suitably provisioned, we pulled out once again onto Hwy 26 and headed east. The central and much of the eastern part of Idaho reverted back to the sagebrush, juniper and rocks that dominated much of our Oregon leg, but without so much elevation change. Some people would describe it as starkly beautiful, the less romantic might call it monotonous.
One interruption to the monotony was the Craters of the Moon National Monument area that we encountered. Lava fields stretched on in all directions for many miles before giving way to more sage. Sigh. Our other constant companions for the day were huge rain clouds visible to the south of us nearly the entire ride, but we never saw a drop. We eventually stopped in Blackfoot, Idaho for a late lunch and fuel stop, and both of our bikes refused to idle. After Res bike stalled and refused to re-start quickly while sitting at a now green light in front of a cement truck that was impatiently honking at her, I had to turn the idle screw 1.5 turns to have any semblance of an idle. I also fattened up the A/F screw .25 of a turn to try to reclaim some of our lost power - when you only have 6.7 hp to begin with, you cant afford to give much of it up!
After a few more hours of riding we found ourselves in the beauty of the Targhee National Forest and were very happy to have the change in scenery (even if it did come with a whole new set of long, slow climbs). As the sun started to get low in the sky, we wound our way into Wyoming and into the Bridger-Teton National Forest. This area is south of Jackson, Wyoming and the Grand Teton National Park and was absolutely stunning in its beauty. The bikes wheezed up and coasted down the roads on our way to Hoback Junction and the KOA that would be our home for the night. While Re checked us into the KOA (and scored a $5 discount with her storytelling skills) I again richened up the A/F mixture by another .25 of a turn; the bikes were not happy with the thin air at all. While I set up camp for the night, Re ran to the grocery store for the eggs, cheese and tortillas for dinner (and breakfast). As a special treat, she also came back with a couple of big bottles of Lagunitas Hop Stoopid Ale. Yum! We spent the chilliest night of the trip so far- I had to put my fleece on in the middle of the night, but Re was OK as she had opted for the insulated Big Agnes Aircore mat.
326 miles in about 12 hours of riding, bikes not at all happy with the altitude and hill climbs and were punishing their chains.
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A cellphone that is aware where it is and adjusts its ringing mode accordingly is being patented by IBM's research lab in Winchester (EP 1162853/4). IBM notes that the cellphone industry already plans to build Global Positioning System receivers into handsets so that they can tell emergency services where the caller is. The new system uses GPS to switch the phone's ringing modes. In "region definition" mode, the phone stores its current GPS coordinates while the owner tells it whether to ring loudly, quietly, vibrate or divert to an answering service. This can be done separately in several locationshome, work, church and your favourite bar, for exampleso the phone knows afterwards exactly how to behave there.
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New Emerica Pro: Justin Regan!Skip to the rants (11)
Innocent birthday party takes a sinister turn...Read more
End Of Season Sale, More Styles Added! I get it! Thanks!
Innocent birthday party takes a sinister turn...Read more
Featuring the Goat and Ima Robot at the Viper Room on Thursday, January 15, 2009.Read more
Mega post with video and photo gallery! Congratulations to Oliver K. of California; Adam P. of Canada and Cameron M. of Arizona.Read more
The Emerica team got together in January 2007 for a little go-cart madness down at the local race track.Read more


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Platform: Surplus
A seminar in the wake of Marianne Heiers Festival Exhibition. With Marianne Heier, Ingrid Hjertaker, Ranjit Hoskote, Trude Schjelderup Iversen, Kim West.
Platform is Bergen Kunsthalls series of lectures, presentations and debates. This autumns series will take place at the Bergen Public Library during the period when Bergen Kunsthalls own building is being refurbished.


text:
Watch Video
New Zealand's child poverty rate could have a grave impact on the country's future, according to Unicef's national advocacy manager.
A Unicef report published yesterday criticised New Zealand's child poverty and child homicide rates, which are higher than most developed countries, as well the high levels of youth unemployment.
Unicef's national advocacy manager Barbara Lambourn said the report contradicted claims the Government was taking action against child abuse.
"It's not the size of the economy that matters, it's actually the policies inacted by Government that make the difference.
"We don't see that successive governments, over the last 20 years, have put children at the centre of their decision making."
Lambourn said New Zealand was "sliding down" the international rankings and that could be a very serious issue in the future.
One of the ways to improve New Zealand's ranking was to introduce a programme to provide school children with food, Lambourn said.
"[New Zealand has] an opportunity to look at that now with the Food in Schools Bill coming up."
Britain and Australia both ranked higher than New Zealand in the report.
New Zealand's rank out of 35 countries:
- 21st countries for levels of Child Poverty
- 24th for child homicide rates
- 32nd for young people not in education, training or unemployment.


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Release date: 5/3/2011
CHICAGO and MIAMI, May 3, 2011—Gordon Beckham, second baseman for the Chicago White Sox, is making a donation to the National Parkinson Foundation for every home run that he hits during the 2011 season and he is asking his fans to join him. Out of the Park for Parkinson's is an awareness campaign he launched in 2010, in partnership with the National Parkinson Foundation, to help end Parkinson's disease. Last year, the successful campaign brought in over $60,000 and he hopes to raise even more this year.
Gordon Beckham and his family understand the challenges of Parkinson's firsthand: his grandfather has been living with the disease for nearly a decade. "My grandfather's struggle with Parkinson's has given me an up-close look at the suffering it causes," said Beckham. "I want to raise awareness and funds to help eradicate the disease so future generations do not have to go through what our family and countless others have been through with Parkinson's." At present, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.
Out of the Park for Parkinson's has two special partners for the new season: HUB 51 Restaurant in Chicago (www.hub51chicago.com) and the Chicago Area & NW Indiana Lexus Dealers (www.lexus.com). HUB 51 is promoting the campaign with a special signature drink on the menu and Lexus Dealers are making a donation for every White Sox RBI and promoting the campaign on CBS Radio.
Fans of Gordon Beckham can visit www.outofthepark.org to make a one-time donation or a "Per Home Run Pledge" for each homerun Gordon hits during the 2011 baseball season. Fans can also follow Out of the Park for Parkinson's on Facebook and Twitter.
All proceeds benefit the National Parkinson Foundation (NPF), a national, non-profit organization that funds research, education and outreach programs to improve the lives of people with Parkinson's disease. NPF has a strong presence in Chicago, Illinois, supporting the work of Northwestern University's Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, NPF Center of Excellence, as well as the local NPF chapter, the Parkinson Association of Illinois (PAIL).
About Gordon Beckham
A native of Atlanta, GA and adopted son of Chicago, IL, 24-year-old Gordon Beckham plays second base for the Chicago White Sox. Gordon made his major league baseball debut on June 4, 2009. In his inaugural season, he hit 14 home runs, had 63 RBIs, and ended the season with a batting average of .270. In 2009, he was named Rookie of the Year by both the American League and the Major League Baseball Players Association. For more information about Gordon Beckham and the Chicago White Sox, visit http://chicago.whitesox.mlb.com.
About the National Parkinson Foundation
The National Parkinson Foundation supports a strong network of 43 Centers of Excellence dedicated to excellence in research and providing comprehensive, interdisciplinary care to more than 50,000 Parkinson's patients and their families worldwide. Founded in 1957, the National Parkinson Foundation's mission is to improve the quality of care for people with Parkinson's disease through research, education, and outreach. Since 1982, NPF has funded more than $155 million in care, research and support services.
About Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's with an estimated one million people with the disease in the U.S. and four to six million worldwide. At present, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease and 60,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the U.S.
For more information about Parkinson's disease or the National Parkinson Foundation, please visit www.parkinson.org or call 1-800-4PD-INFO (473-4636).
© 2015 National Parkinson Foundation | Privacy & Terms of Use


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Mother's Day gift guide
Mother's Day is fast approaching (tip: make brunch reservations now to secure a table on May 13). But don't worry, we've done the present scouting for you. All you have to do is order one and write a little note to go with it.
-- Ingrid Schmidt, Special to the Los Angeles Times
-- Ingrid Schmidt, Special to the Los Angeles Times
Image 1 of 16
Joy ride
Bike Friday's foldable Family Tandem Traveler fits into two suitcases for travel, is highly adjustable to fit kids, and comes in fun colors. Handcrafted in Oregon in four to six weeks by custom order, so order and tell Mom it's on the way. From $1,598 ($1,998 for featured Select 2012 model) at www.bikefriday.com, Rincon Cycles in Carpinteria, (805) 684-9466, or Electric Cyclery in Laguna Beach. Call (949) 715-2345.


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Discover the rich history behind nearly 50 years of great skiing.
As early as the 19th century, "Parkites" strapped 10-foot-long pieces of wood to their feet to navigate Park City's snow winters. Almost a century later, Park City's first ski area opened — first known as Treasure Mountains Resort, then Park City Ski Area and finally Park City Mountain Resort. This season, Park City Mountain Resort celebrates its 50th anniversary — ever mindful of the heritage that began when Park City's miners first strapped those wooden skis to their feet. Scenes from Silver and Snow, the Park City Story (c) 2002, The Park City Museum
Behind The Scenes
We had a great season and we had a lot of fun on the way. It was an incredible journey that we took with everyone that was involved in the #ParkCity50 project. Here's a little taste of the fun that we had behind the scenes.
View More 50th Videos
The Next Generation
I Ride Park City
Hinged On Progression
Evolution Of The Resort
Mountain Patrol
Mountains Of Memories
Love In The Mountains
Winter Games
Ski Racing
Badami Legacy
Ski School
Phil's Hat
The Skier's Subway
The Gondola
Treasure Mountains
A Ski Town is Born
Fifty Year in the Making: PCMR
Park City Tribute
Resort Timeline
|1963 Park City Mountain Resort originally opened as Treasure Mountains Resort, the first ski resort in Park City, thanks to a $1.2 million loan from the Kennedy Administration. At the time lift tickets cost $3.50.
|1971 Treasure Mountains Resort was renamed Park City Resort.
|1974 US Ski Team relocated its headquarters to Park City, home to the first ever national ski training center that included several runs on Ski Team Ridge, now known as Crescent Ridge.
|1985 Nick and Craig Badami, the visionary leaders who changed the resort into a world class ski area, brought the inaugural World Cup to Park City Ski Area, setting the stage for the first ever America's Opening the following season.
|1994 Powdr Corp. acquired Park City Ski Area, committing to invest over $35 million in improvements and preparations to host the 2002 Winter Games.
|1997 PayDay and Bonanza Lifts were installed, replacing the original gondola dating back to 1963
|2002 Park City Mountain Resort hosted the alpine skiing giant slalom, snowboarding parallel giant slalom and snowboarding halfpipe events for the 2002 Winter Games, where six of the ten US Ski and Snowboard Team medals were won.
|2013 Park City Mountain Resort is ranked the #5 Overall Best Resort by the readers of SKI Magazine, just in time for the 50th Anniversary Season.
Photos from the past 50 years and more
The First Lady came to Park City in the Summer of 1964 for the dedication of the Resort which had received a $1.2 million loan from the Federal Government.
365 inches of "The Greatest Snow on Earth" graces the slopes of Park City Mountain Resort annually.
Park City Mountain Resort's Ski and Snowboard school has introduced many generations of skiers and riders to winter sports.
An April Fool's Day tradition as shown by these three gorillas on one long pair of skis - look out below!
Skiing Comstock in front of Jupiter Peak during the 2012-13 Winter Season.
Permanent snowmaking was added during the summer of 1979 after R&D was done which found that better man-made snow came from colder water.
There has always been a close connection between our mining and skiing heritage.
Jim McConkey, McConkey's Bowl's namesake, was the first ski school director at the resort.
Park City's iconic gondola was replaced by the PayDay and Bonanza lifts in 1997 cutting the ride time to the Summit in half!
Jim McConkey was the original Ski School Director of Treasure Mountains and also the father of freeskiing pioneer Shane McConkey.
Park City Mountain Resort hosted the first ever Olympic Snowboard Half Pipe in addition to Snowboard Parallel Giant Slalom and Alpine Giant Slalom during the 2002 Winter Games.
Park City Mountain Resort has long been the home of the U.S. Ski Team, here are Holly Flanders, Tamara McKinney, Eva Twardokens and Diann Roffe enjoying some air time at the Resort.
Long before the Town Lift and runs were built, local miners tested their skills and daring on this jump on Creole.
When Treasure Mountains first opened, the beginner lift was a J-Bar running up where Crescent Lift's base is today.
The Gondola was a picturesque, 25 minute ride, that rose 2,300 vertical feet over about a 2 1/2 mile ride length.
Skiers would ride mine cars down the 3 mile long Spiro drain tunnel to the Thaynes hoist which would then lift then 1,800 feet straight up to the base of the Thaynes lift.
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Ad valorem tax, more commonly known as property tax, is
a large source of revenue for local governments in Georgia. The basis for ad valorem
taxation is the fair market value of the property, which is established as of January
1 of each year. The tax is levied on the assessed value of the property which, by
law, is established at 40% of the fair market value, unless otherwise specified
by law as set forth by the Official Code of Georgia (O.C.G.A. 48-5-7). Fair market
value, means "the amount a knowledgeable buyer would pay for the property
and a willing seller would accept for the property at an arm's length, bona
fide sale." (O.C.G.A. 48-5-311) The amount of tax is determined by the tax
rate (mill rate) levied by various entities (one mill is equal to $1.00 for each
$1,000 of assessed value, or .001).
To reference the Official Code of Georgia, the Georgia Department of Revenue sponsors
a web site where the non-annotated version of the O.C.G.A. can be viewed. To view
this site,
Several distinct entities are involved in the ad valorem tax process:
The State Revenue Commissioner is responsible for examining the
tax digests of counties in Georgia in order to determine that property is assessed
uniformly and equally between and within the counties (O.C.G.A. 48-5-340). In addition,
the State levies ad valorem tax each year in an amount which cannot exceed one-fourth
of one mill(.00025).
The County Board of Tax Assessors, appointed for fixed terms by
the county commissioners, is responsible for the appraisal, assessment, and the
equalization of all assessments within the county. They notify taxpayers as to the
value of property, receive and review all appeals filed, and insure that the appeal
process proceeds properly. In addition, they approve all exemptions claimed by the
The County Board of Equalization, appointed by the Grand Jury,
is the body charged by law with hearing and adjudicating administrative appeals
to property values and assessments made by the Board of Tax Assessors
The Board of County Commissioners, an elected body, establishes
the annual budget for county government operations and levies the mill rate necessary
to fund the portion of the budget to be paid for by ad valorem tax.
The County Board of Education, an elected body, establishes the
annual budget for school purposes and adopts the mill rate necessary to fund the
portion of the budget to be paid for by ad valorem tax.
The County Tax Commissioner, an office established by the Constitution,
is the official responsible for performing all functions related to billing, collecting,
accounting for and disbursing ad valorem taxes collected in this county. The Tax
Commissioner also serves as an agent of the State Revenue Commissioner for the registration
of motor vehicles.
Tax Bills
Generally, Coweta County property taxes are due by December 1.
If taxes are not paid on the property, it may be levied upon and ultimately sold.
When mailing in tax payments a United States Postal Service post mark will be accepted
(not metered post marks).
Tax Returns
Taxpayers are required to file at least an initial tax return for taxable
property (both real and personal property) owned on January 1 of that tax year.
The tax return is a listing of the property owned by the taxpayer and the taxpayer's
declaration of the value of their property, and also to report their current mailing
address for assessment and tax billing purposes.
Property tax returns are filed with the Tax Commissioner's Office between January
1 and April 1 of each year. After the taxpayer has filed the initial tax return
for real property, the law provides for an automatic renewal of
that return each succeeding year at the value determined for the preceding year
and the taxpayer is required to file a new return only as additional property is
acquired, improvements are made to existing property, or other changes occur.
Personal property tax returns are required to be filed each year.
A new return, filed during the return period, may also be made by the taxpayer to
declare a different value from the existing value where the taxpayer is dissatisfied
with the current value placed on the property by the Board of Tax Assessors. This
initiates the taxpayer's appeal process if the declared value is not accepted by
the Board of Tax Assessors.
Changes of Address
Any change of address must be reported in writing to the Tax Commissioner's office.
Assessment Appeals
The Board of Tax Assessors is required to issue a notice
of assessment on real and personal property each year. If the property owner desires
to appeal the assessment with the Tax Assessor's Office, they must do so in writing
within 45 days of mailing.
The appeal may be based on the taxability, value, uniformity and/or the denial of
the exemption. The written appeal must also contain the desired method of appeal.
There are three methods of appeal:
The property owner may contact the Tax Assessor's Office at 770-254-2680 for more
information regarding the appeal process and the methods of appeal or go to their
website at www.cowetatax.com.
Homestead Exemption
Homestead exemptions have been enacted to reduce the burden of ad valorem
taxation for Georgia homeowners. The exemptions apply to homestead property owned
by the taxpayer and occupied as his or her legal residence. Homestead exemptions
are deducted from the assessed value of the qualifying property (40% of the fair
market value).
To receive the benefit of the homestead exemption the taxpayer must file an initial
application. In Coweta County the application is filed with the Tax Commissioner's
Office. First time homeowners should bring a copy of their warranty deed
to insure their application is filed correctly. With respect to all of the homestead
exemptions the Board of Assessors makes the final determination as to eligibility;
however, if the application is denied the taxpayer must be notified and an appeal
procedure is then available to the taxpayer.
Georgia law allows for the year-round filing of homestead applications but the application
must be received on or before April 1 of the year for which the
exemption is first claimed by the taxpayer. Homestead applications received
after that date will be applied to the next
tax year.
Once granted, the homestead exemption is automatically renewed each year and the
taxpayer does not have to apply again unless there is a change of residence, ownership,
or the taxpayer seeks to qualify for a different kind of exemption.
Under authority of the State Constitution several different types of homestead exemptions
are provided. These are called State Exemptions. In addition, local
governments are authorized to provide for increased exemption amounts. These are
called Local County Exemptions. Coweta County has such local county
exemptions. The Local County Exemptions supersede the State Exemptions
when the Local Exemption amount is greater than the State Exemption amount. The
Tax Commissioner's Office and Tax Assessor's Office can answer questions regarding
the standard exemptions as well as any local exemptions that are in place.
Available Coweta County Homesteads (these are State & Local
exemptions combined):
Regular Homestead Exemption - No income requirements
Senior State Exemption
Owner(s) must be 65 as of January 1. This exemption will exempt the owner(s) from
state tax on the home and up to ten (10) acres of land. Once you qualify for one
of the age 65 local exemptions you will automatically receive this exemption.
State School Exemption - $10,000
Local School Exemption #1
Owner must be 65 or totally disabled as of January 1 of the tax year. Total gross
household income must not have exceeded $12,500 for the previous year. Include social
security and retirement income. If not 65, but totally disabled, owner must be unable
to seek gainful employment and must have letter from doctor verifying disability.
This exemption will exempt owner from school tax on the home and up to 1 acre of
land. School taxes are still due on balance of property (if any).
Local School Exemption #2
Owner must be 65 or totally disabled as of January 1 of the tax year. Total gross
household income must not have been less than $12,500 or greater than $25,000 for
the previous year. Include social security and retirement income. If not 65, but
totally disabled, owner must be unable to seek gainful employment and must have
letter from doctor verifying disability. This exemption will exempt owner from school
taxes on the first $20,000 of assessed value of the property.
Local School Exemption #3
Based on AGE as of January 1 of tax year. No income restrictions.
Age 65-70 = $40,000 Exemption
Age 71-74 = $60,000 Exemption
Age 75+ = $80,000 Exemption
Note – School Tax is due on remaining assessment value over exemption limit.
Property Tax Deferral Program
In addition to the various homestead exemptions that are authorized, the law also
provides a Property Tax Deferral Program whereby qualified homestead
property owners 62 and older with gross household income of $15,000 or less may
defer but not exempt the payment of ad valorem taxes on a part or all of the homestead
property. Generally, the tax would be deferred until the property ownership changes
or until such time that the deferred taxes plus interest reach a level equal to
85% of the fair market value of the property.
Specialized and Preferential Assessment Programs
Three general types of specialized or preferential assessment programs
are available for certain owners of certain types of property. One of these programs
authorizes assessment at 30% rather than 40% of fair market value for certain agricultural
properties being used for bona fide agricultural purposes.
The second type of preferential program is the Conservation Use
program which provides that certain agricultural property, timber land property,
environmentally sensitive property, or residential transitional property be valued
and assessed for ad valorem tax purposes at its current use value rather than its
fair market value.
Another type of specialized assessment is a program available for qualifying Forest
Land properties of at least 200 acres.
Each of these specialized or preferential programs requires the property owner to
covenant (or contract) with the Board of Tax Assessors to maintain the property
in its qualified use for 10 or more years in order to qualify for the preference.
The Board of Tax Assessors can explain the ownership and use restrictions regarding
property qualifying for either of these programs and the penalties for breach of
the covenant.
Rehabilitated and Landmark Historic Property
Historic property that qualifies for listing on the Georgia National Register of
Historic Places may qualify for preferential assessment. The preferential assessment
shall extend to the building or structure, the real property on which the building
or structure is located, and not more than two acres surrounding the building or
structure. The Board of Tax Assessors can explain the ownership and use restrictions
regarding property qualifying for this assessment.
Brownfield Property
Property which qualifies for participation in the State's Hazardous Site Reuse and
Redevelopment Program and which has been designated as such by the Environmental
Protection Division of the Department of Natural Resources may qualify for preferential
assessment. This special program provides for the preferential assessment of environmental
and contaminated property by freezing the value for ten years as an incentive for
developers to clean up the property and return it to the tax rolls. The Board of
Tax Assessors can explain the ownership and use restrictions regarding property
qualifying for this assessment.
Standing timber is not taxed until sold or harvested, at which time it is taxed
based upon 100 percent of its fair market value. This value is then multiplied by
the appropriate mill rate to determine the tax amount due.
Mobile/Manufactured Home Permits
Owners of mobile homes that are located in Coweta County on January 1 must pay the
ad valorem taxes on the home by May 1 of each year and obtain their location permit
at that time. Failure to pay the taxes and obtain the permit will result in a 10%
tax penalty, issuance of a citation for appearance in Magistrate Court or possible
sale of the mobile/manufactured home.
Mobile home owners desiring to declare a different value from the existing value
on the home must file a tax return with the Board of Tax Assessors
between January 1 and April 1.
For further information regarding property taxation in Georgia please visit the State
of Georgia Local Government Services Division website at http://www.etax.dor.ga.gov/ptd/index.aspx